gmndl (empty) → 0.1
raw patch · 4 files changed
+719/−0 lines, 4 filesdep +OpenGLdep +arraydep +basesetup-changed
Dependencies added: OpenGL, array, base, gtk, gtkglext, mtl, priority-queue, qd
Files
- LICENSE +339/−0
- Setup.hs +2/−0
- gmndl.cabal +32/−0
- gmndl.hs +346/−0
+ LICENSE view
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@+ GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE+ Version 2, June 1991++ Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,+ 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.++ Preamble++ The licenses for most software are designed to take away your+freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public+License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free+software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This+General Public License applies to most of the Free Software+Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to+using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by+the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to+your programs, too.++ When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not+price. 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See the+ GNU General Public License for more details.++ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along+ with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,+ 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.++Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.++If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this+when it starts in an interactive mode:++ Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author+ Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.+ This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it+ under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.++The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate+parts of the General Public License. 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+ Setup.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@+import Distribution.Simple+main = defaultMain
+ gmndl.cabal view
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@+Name: gmndl+Version: 0.1+Synopsis: Mandelbrot Set explorer using GTK++Description:+ A Mandelbrot Set explorer, with (currently) only one+ control (left-click to center and zoom in). Multple+ render threads use higher precision maths at higher+ zoom levels. Suggested usage:+ .+ @gmndl +RTS -N -qa -RTS --width=640 --height=480@++Cabal-version: >=1.4+License: GPL-2+License-file: LICENSE+Author: Claude Heiland-Allen+Maintainer: claudiusmaximus@goto10.org+Category: Graphics+Build-type: Simple++Executable gmndl+ Main-is: gmndl.hs+ Build-depends: base >= 4 && < 5,+ array >= 0.3 && < 0.4,+ gtk >= 0.11 && < 0.12,+ gtkglext >= 0.11 && < 0.12,+ mtl,+ OpenGL >= 2.4 && < 2.5,+ priority-queue >= 0.2.1 && < 0.3,+ qd >= 0.2 && < 0.3+ GHC-options: -O2 -Wall -threaded -fno-excess-precision -funbox-strict-fields+ GHC-prof-options: -O2 -Wall -threaded -fno-excess-precision -funbox-strict-fields -prof -auto-all -caf-all
+ gmndl.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@+{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}+module Main (main) where++import Control.Concurrent (killThread)+import Control.Monad (when)+import Control.Monad.Trans (liftIO)+import Data.Array.IO (IOUArray, newArray, readArray, writeArray, inRange)+import Data.IORef (newIORef, readIORef, writeIORef)+import Data.List (isPrefixOf)+import Data.PriorityQueue (PriorityQueue, newPriorityQueue, enqueue, enqueueBatch, dequeue)+import Foreign (mallocBytes, nullPtr, plusPtr, pokeArray, pokeByteOff, Word8)+import Foreign.C (CDouble)+import GHC.Conc (forkOnIO, numCapabilities)+import Graphics.UI.Gtk+import Graphics.UI.Gtk.OpenGL+import qualified Graphics.Rendering.OpenGL as GL+import Graphics.Rendering.OpenGL (($=), GLfloat)+import Numeric.QD.DoubleDouble (DoubleDouble(DoubleDouble))+import Numeric.QD.QuadDouble (QuadDouble(QuadDouble))+import qualified Numeric.QD.DoubleDouble as DD+import qualified Numeric.QD.QuadDouble as QD+import Numeric.QD.FPU.Raw (fpu_fix_start)+import Unsafe.Coerce (unsafeCoerce)++type B = Word8+type N = Int+type R = Double++convert :: (Real a, Fractional b) => a -> b+convert = realToFrac+convertDouble2CDouble :: Double -> CDouble+convertDouble2CDouble !x = unsafeCoerce x+convertCDouble2Double :: CDouble -> Double+convertCDouble2Double !x = unsafeCoerce x+convertDouble2DoubleDouble :: Double -> DoubleDouble+convertDouble2DoubleDouble !x = convertCDouble2DoubleDouble . convertDouble2CDouble $ x+convertCDouble2DoubleDouble :: CDouble -> DoubleDouble+convertCDouble2DoubleDouble !x = DoubleDouble x 0+convertDoubleDouble2Double :: DoubleDouble -> Double+convertDoubleDouble2Double !(DoubleDouble x _) = convertCDouble2Double x+convertDoubleDouble2CDouble :: DoubleDouble -> CDouble+convertDoubleDouble2CDouble !(DoubleDouble x _) = x+{-# RULES "convert/Double2CDouble" convert = convertDouble2CDouble #-}+{-# RULES "convert/CDouble2Double" convert = convertCDouble2Double #-}+{-# RULES "convert/Double2DoubleDouble" convert = convertDouble2DoubleDouble #-}+{-# RULES "convert/CDouble2DoubleDouble" convert = convertCDouble2DoubleDouble #-}+{-# RULES "convert/DoubleDouble2Double" convert = convertDoubleDouble2Double #-}+{-# RULES "convert/DoubleDouble2CDouble" convert = convertDoubleDouble2CDouble #-}++data Complex c = {-# UNPACK #-} !c :+ {-# UNPACK #-} !c deriving (Read, Show, Eq)++instance Num c => Num (Complex c) where+ {-# SPECIALIZE instance Num (Complex Float) #-}+ {-# SPECIALIZE instance Num (Complex Double) #-}+ {-# SPECIALIZE instance Num (Complex DoubleDouble) #-}+ {-# SPECIALIZE instance Num (Complex QuadDouble) #-}+ (!(a :+ b)) + (!(c :+ d)) = {-# SCC "C+" #-} ((a + c) :+ (b + d))+ (!(a :+ b)) - (!(c :+ d)) = {-# SCC "C-" #-} ((a - c) :+ (b - d))+ (!(a :+ b)) * (!(c :+ d)) = {-# SCC "C*" #-} ((a * c - b * d) :+ (a * d + b * c))+ negate !(a :+ b) = (-a) :+ (-b)+ abs x = error $ "Cx.abs: " ++ show x+ signum x = error $ "Cx.signum: " ++ show x+ fromInteger !x = fromInteger x :+ 0++class Num c => Turbo c where+ sqr :: c -> c+ sqr !x = x * x+ twice :: c -> c+ twice !x = x + x++instance Turbo Float where+instance Turbo Double where+instance Turbo CDouble where++instance Turbo c => Turbo (Complex c) where+ {-# SPECIALIZE instance Turbo (Complex Float) #-}+ {-# SPECIALIZE instance Turbo (Complex Double) #-}+ {-# SPECIALIZE instance Turbo (Complex DoubleDouble) #-}+ {-# SPECIALIZE instance Turbo (Complex QuadDouble) #-}+ sqr !(r :+ i) = (sqr r - sqr i) :+ (twice (r * i))+ twice !(r :+ i) = (twice r) :+ (twice i)++instance Turbo DoubleDouble where+ sqr !x = DD.sqr x+ twice !(DoubleDouble a b) = DoubleDouble (twice a) (twice b)++instance Turbo QuadDouble where+ sqr !x = QD.sqr x+ twice !(QuadDouble a b c d) = QuadDouble (twice a) (twice b) (twice c) (twice d)++hsv2rgb :: R -> R -> R -> (R, R, R)+hsv2rgb !h !s !v+ | s == 0 = (v, v, v)+ | h == 1 = hsv2rgb 0 s v+ | otherwise =+ let !i = floor (h * 6) `mod` 6 :: N+ !f = (h * 6) - fromIntegral i+ !p = v * (1 - s)+ !q = v * (1 - s * f)+ !t = v * (1 - s * (1 - f))+ in case i of+ 0 -> (v, t, p)+ 1 -> (q, v, p)+ 2 -> (p, v, t)+ 3 -> (p, q, v)+ 4 -> (t, p, v)+ 5 -> (v, p, q)+ _ -> (0, 0, 0)++colour :: Complex Double -> Complex Double -> N -> (B, B, B)+colour !(zr:+zi) !(dzr:+dzi) !n =+ let !il2 = 1 / log 2+ !zd2 = sqr zr + sqr zi+ !dzd2 = sqr dzr + sqr dzi+ !d = (fromIntegral n :: R) - log (log zd2 / log escapeR2) * il2+ !dwell = fromIntegral (floor d :: N)+ !finala = atan2 zi zr+ !de = (log zd2 * il2) * sqrt zd2 / sqrt dzd2+ !dscale = log de * il2 + 32+ !hue = log d * il2 / 3+ !saturation = 0 `max` (log d * il2 / 8) `min` 1+ !value = 0 `max` (1 - dscale / 48) `min` 1+ !h = hue - fromIntegral (floor hue :: N)+ !k = dwell / 2+ !satf = if k - fromIntegral (floor k :: N) >= (0.5 :: R) then 0.9 else 1+ !valf = if finala < 0 then 0.9 else 1+ (!r, !g, !b) = hsv2rgb h (satf * saturation) (valf * value)+ !rr = floor $ 0 `max` 255 * r `min` 255+ !gg = floor $ 0 `max` 255 * g `min` 255+ !bb = floor $ 0 `max` 255 * b `min` 255+ in (rr, gg, bb)++data Job c = Job !N !N !(Complex c) !(Complex c) !(Complex c) !N++priority :: Job c -> N+priority !(Job _ _ _ _ _ n) = n++addJob :: RealFloat c => N -> N -> Complex c -> N -> PriorityQueue IO (Job c) -> IOUArray (N,N) Bool -> N -> N -> IO ()+{-# SPECIALIZE addJob :: N -> N -> Complex Float -> N -> PriorityQueue IO (Job Float) -> IOUArray (N,N) Bool -> N -> N -> IO () #-}+{-# SPECIALIZE addJob :: N -> N -> Complex Double -> N -> PriorityQueue IO (Job Double) -> IOUArray (N,N) Bool -> N -> N -> IO () #-}+{-# SPECIALIZE addJob :: N -> N -> Complex DoubleDouble -> N -> PriorityQueue IO (Job DoubleDouble) -> IOUArray (N,N) Bool -> N -> N -> IO () #-}+{-# SPECIALIZE addJob :: N -> N -> Complex QuadDouble -> N -> PriorityQueue IO (Job QuadDouble) -> IOUArray (N,N) Bool -> N -> N -> IO () #-}+addJob !w !h !c !zoom todo sync !i !j = do+ already <- readArray sync (j, i)+ when (not already) $ do+ writeArray sync (j, i) True+ enqueue todo $! Job i j (coords w h c zoom i j) 0 0 0++renderer :: (Turbo c, RealFloat c) => ((N,N),(N,N)) -> (N -> N -> B -> B -> B -> IO ()) -> Complex c -> N -> IO (IO ())+{-# SPECIALIZE renderer :: ((N,N),(N,N)) -> (N -> N -> B -> B -> B -> IO ()) -> Complex Float -> N -> IO (IO ()) #-}+{-# SPECIALIZE renderer :: ((N,N),(N,N)) -> (N -> N -> B -> B -> B -> IO ()) -> Complex Double -> N -> IO (IO ()) #-}+{-# SPECIALIZE renderer :: ((N,N),(N,N)) -> (N -> N -> B -> B -> B -> IO ()) -> Complex DoubleDouble -> N -> IO (IO ()) #-}+{-# SPECIALIZE renderer :: ((N,N),(N,N)) -> (N -> N -> B -> B -> B -> IO ()) -> Complex QuadDouble -> N -> IO (IO ()) #-}+renderer rng output !c !zoom = do+ workerts <- mapM (\w -> forkOnIO w $ worker rng c zoom output w) [ 0 .. workers - 1 ]+ return $ do+ mapM_ killThread workerts++coords :: RealFloat c => N -> N -> Complex c -> N -> N -> N -> Complex c+{-# SPECIALIZE coords :: N -> N -> Complex Float -> N -> N -> N -> Complex Float #-}+{-# SPECIALIZE coords :: N -> N -> Complex Double -> N -> N -> N -> Complex Double #-}+{-# SPECIALIZE coords :: N -> N -> Complex DoubleDouble -> N -> N -> N -> Complex DoubleDouble #-}+{-# SPECIALIZE coords :: N -> N -> Complex QuadDouble -> N -> N -> N -> Complex QuadDouble #-}+coords !w !h !c !zoom !i !j = c + ( (fromIntegral (i - w`div`2) * k)+ :+(fromIntegral (h`div`2 - j) * k))+ where !k = convert (1/2^^zoom :: Double)++border :: N -> N -> [(N, N)]+border !w !h = concat $+ [ [ (j, i) | i <- [ 0 .. w - 1 ], j <- [ 0 .. workers - 1 ] ]+ , [ (j, i) | j <- [ 0 .. h - 1 ], i <- [ 0 .. workers - 1 ] ]+ , [ (j, i) | j <- [ 0 .. h - 1 ], i <- [ w - workers .. w - 1 ] ]+ , [ (j, i) | i <- [ 0 .. w - 1 ], j <- [ h - workers .. h - 1 ] ]+ ]++worker :: (Turbo c, RealFloat c) => ((N,N),(N,N)) -> Complex c -> N -> (N -> N -> B -> B -> B -> IO ()) -> N -> IO ()+{-# SPECIALIZE worker :: ((N,N),(N,N)) -> Complex Float -> N -> (N -> N -> B -> B -> B -> IO ()) -> N -> IO () #-}+{-# SPECIALIZE worker :: ((N,N),(N,N)) -> Complex Double -> N -> (N -> N -> B -> B -> B -> IO ()) -> N -> IO () #-}+{-# SPECIALIZE worker :: ((N,N),(N,N)) -> Complex DoubleDouble -> N -> (N -> N -> B -> B -> B -> IO ()) -> N -> IO () #-}+{-# SPECIALIZE worker :: ((N,N),(N,N)) -> Complex QuadDouble -> N -> (N -> N -> B -> B -> B -> IO ()) -> N -> IO () #-}+worker rng@((y0,x0),(y1,x1)) !c !zoom output !me = do+ sync <- newArray rng False+ queue <- newPriorityQueue priority+ let addJ = addJob w h c zoom queue sync+ js = filter mine (border w h)+ w = x1 - x0 + 1+ h = y1 - y0 + 1+ mapM_ (flip (writeArray sync) True) js+ enqueueBatch queue (map (\(j,i) -> Job i j (coords w h c zoom i j) 0 0 0) js)+ compute rng addJ output queue+ where+ mine (j, _) = j `mod` workers == me++compute :: (Turbo c, RealFloat c) => ((N,N),(N,N)) -> (N -> N -> IO ()) -> (N -> N -> B -> B -> B -> IO ()) -> PriorityQueue IO (Job c) -> IO ()+{-# SPECIALIZE compute :: ((N,N),(N,N)) -> (N -> N -> IO ()) -> (N -> N -> B -> B -> B -> IO ()) -> PriorityQueue IO (Job Float) -> IO () #-}+{-# SPECIALIZE compute :: ((N,N),(N,N)) -> (N -> N -> IO ()) -> (N -> N -> B -> B -> B -> IO ()) -> PriorityQueue IO (Job Double) -> IO () #-}+{-# SPECIALIZE compute :: ((N,N),(N,N)) -> (N -> N -> IO ()) -> (N -> N -> B -> B -> B -> IO ()) -> PriorityQueue IO (Job DoubleDouble) -> IO () #-}+{-# SPECIALIZE compute :: ((N,N),(N,N)) -> (N -> N -> IO ()) -> (N -> N -> B -> B -> B -> IO ()) -> PriorityQueue IO (Job QuadDouble) -> IO () #-}+compute rng addJ output queue = do+ mjob <- dequeue queue+ case mjob of+ Just (Job i j c z dz n) -> do+ let done' !(zr:+zi) !(dzr:+dzi) !n' = do+ let (r, g, b) = colour (convert zr :+ convert zi) (convert dzr :+ convert dzi) n'+ output i j r g b+ sequence_+ [ addJ x y+ | u <- spreadX+ , v <- spreadY+ , let x = i + u+ , let y = j + v+ , inRange rng (y, x)+ ]+ todo' z' dz' n' = enqueue queue $! Job i j c z' dz' n'+ calculate c limit z dz n done' todo'+ compute rng addJ output queue+ Nothing -> return ()++calculate :: (Turbo c, RealFloat c) => Complex c -> N -> Complex c -> Complex c -> N -> (Complex c -> Complex c -> N -> IO ()) -> (Complex c -> Complex c -> N -> IO ()) -> IO ()+{-# SPECIALIZE calculate :: Complex Float -> N -> Complex Float -> Complex Float -> N -> (Complex Float -> Complex Float -> N -> IO ()) -> (Complex Float -> Complex Float -> N -> IO ()) -> IO () #-}+{-# SPECIALIZE calculate :: Complex Double -> N -> Complex Double -> Complex Double -> N -> (Complex Double -> Complex Double -> N -> IO ()) -> (Complex Double -> Complex Double -> N -> IO ()) -> IO () #-}+{-# SPECIALIZE calculate :: Complex DoubleDouble -> N -> Complex DoubleDouble -> Complex DoubleDouble -> N -> (Complex DoubleDouble -> Complex DoubleDouble -> N -> IO ()) -> (Complex DoubleDouble -> Complex DoubleDouble -> N -> IO ()) -> IO () #-}+{-# SPECIALIZE calculate :: Complex QuadDouble -> N -> Complex QuadDouble -> Complex QuadDouble -> N -> (Complex QuadDouble -> Complex QuadDouble -> N -> IO ()) -> (Complex QuadDouble -> Complex QuadDouble -> N -> IO ()) -> IO () #-}+calculate !c !m0 !z0 !dz0 !n0 done todo = go m0 z0 dz0 n0+ where+ go !m !z@(zr:+zi) !dz !n+ | not (sqr zr + sqr zi < er2) = done z dz n+ | m <= 0 = todo z dz n+ | otherwise = go (m - 1) (sqr z + c) (let !zdz = z * dz in twice zdz + 1) (n + 1)+ !er2 = convert escapeR2++renderer' :: Real c => ((N,N),(N,N)) -> (N -> N -> B -> B -> B -> IO ()) -> Complex c -> N -> IO (IO ())+renderer' rng output !c !zoom+ | zoom < 20 = renderer rng output (f c :: Complex Float ) zoom+ | zoom < 50 = renderer rng output (f c :: Complex Double ) zoom+ | zoom < 100 = renderer rng output (f c :: Complex DoubleDouble) zoom+ | otherwise = renderer rng output (f c :: Complex QuadDouble ) zoom+ where f !(cr :+ ci) = convert cr :+ convert ci++data Args = Args{ aWidth :: N, aHeight :: N }++defaultArgs :: Args+defaultArgs = Args{ aWidth = 788, aHeight = 576 }++combineArgs :: Args -> String -> Args+combineArgs a0 s+ | "--width=" `isPrefixOf` s = a0{ aWidth = read $ "--width=" `dropPrefix` s }+ | "--height=" `isPrefixOf` s = a0{ aHeight = read $ "--height=" `dropPrefix` s }+ | "-w=" `isPrefixOf` s = a0{ aWidth = read $ "-w=" `dropPrefix` s }+ | "-h=" `isPrefixOf` s = a0{ aHeight = read $ "-h=" `dropPrefix` s }+ | otherwise = a0++dropPrefix :: String -> String -> String+dropPrefix p s = drop (length p) s++roundUp2 :: N -> N+roundUp2 n = head . dropWhile (< n) . iterate (2*) $ 1++main :: IO ()+main = do+ args <- foldl combineArgs defaultArgs `fmap` unsafeInitGUIForThreadedRTS+ let width = aWidth args+ height = aHeight args+ size = roundUp2 (width `max` height)+ rng = ((0, 0), (height - 1, width - 1))+ _ <- initGL+ glconfig <- glConfigNew [ GLModeRGBA, GLModeDouble ]+ canvas <- glDrawingAreaNew glconfig+ widgetSetSizeRequest canvas width height+ imgdata <- mallocBytes $ width * height * 3+ pokeArray imgdata (replicate (height * width * 3) (255 :: B))+ let output x y r g b = do+ let p = imgdata `plusPtr` ((y * width + x) * 3)+ pokeByteOff p 0 r+ pokeByteOff p 1 g+ pokeByteOff p 2 b+ window <- windowNew+ eventb <- eventBoxNew+ set window [ containerBorderWidth := 0, containerChild := eventb,windowResizable := False ]+ set eventb [ containerBorderWidth := 0, containerChild := canvas ]+ mapM_ (flip forkOnIO $ fpu_fix_start nullPtr) [ 0 .. numCapabilities - 1 ]+ stop0 <- renderer' rng output c0 zoom0+ sR <- newIORef (c0, zoom0, stop0)+ _ <- eventb `on` buttonPressEvent $ {-# SCC "cb/event" #-} tryEvent $ do+ LeftButton <- eventButton+ (x, y) <- eventCoordinates+ liftIO $ do+ (c, zoom, stop) <- readIORef sR+ stop+ pokeArray imgdata (replicate (height * width * 3) (255 :: B))+ let c' = c + ((convert x :+ convert (-y)) - (fromIntegral width :+ fromIntegral (-height)) * (0.5 :+ 0)) * ((1/2^^zoom) :+ 0)+ zoom' = zoom + 1+ stop' <- renderer' rng output c' zoom'+ writeIORef sR (c', zoom', stop')+ print (c', zoom') -- FIXME replace with GUI widgets+ _ <- onRealize canvas $ {-# SCC "cb/realize" #-}withGLDrawingArea canvas $ \_ -> do+ GL.clearColor $= (GL.Color4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0)+ GL.matrixMode $= GL.Projection+ GL.loadIdentity+ GL.ortho 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 (-1.0) 1.0+ GL.drawBuffer $= GL.BackBuffers+ [tex] <- GL.genObjectNames 1+ GL.texture GL.Texture2D $= GL.Enabled+ GL.textureBinding GL.Texture2D $= Just tex+ GL.texImage2D Nothing GL.NoProxy 0 GL.RGB' (GL.TextureSize2D (fromIntegral size) (fromIntegral size)) 0 (GL.PixelData GL.RGB GL.UnsignedByte nullPtr)+ GL.textureFilter GL.Texture2D $= ((GL.Nearest, Nothing), GL.Nearest)+ GL.textureWrapMode GL.Texture2D GL.S $= (GL.Repeated, GL.ClampToEdge)+ GL.textureWrapMode GL.Texture2D GL.T $= (GL.Repeated, GL.ClampToEdge)+ _ <- onExpose canvas $ {-# SCC "cb/expose" #-} \_ -> do+ withGLDrawingArea canvas $ \glwindow -> do+ let v :: GLfloat -> GLfloat -> GLfloat -> GLfloat -> IO ()+ v tx ty vx vy = GL.texCoord (GL.TexCoord2 tx ty) >> GL.vertex (GL.Vertex2 vx vy)+ w = fromIntegral width+ h = fromIntegral height+ sx = fromIntegral width / fromIntegral size+ sy = fromIntegral height / fromIntegral size+ GL.clear [ GL.ColorBuffer ]+ GL.texSubImage2D Nothing 0 (GL.TexturePosition2D 0 0) (GL.TextureSize2D w h) (GL.PixelData GL.RGB GL.UnsignedByte imgdata)+ GL.renderPrimitive GL.Quads $ do+ v 0 sy 0 0 >> v 0 0 0 1 >> v sx 0 1 1 >> v sx sy 1 0+ glDrawableSwapBuffers glwindow+ return True+ _ <- onDestroy window mainQuit+ _ <- timeoutAdd (widgetQueueDraw canvas >> return True) 200+ widgetShowAll window+ mainGUI++spreadX, spreadY :: [ N ]+spreadX = [ -workers, 0, workers ]+spreadY = [ -1, 0, 1 ]++workers :: N+workers = numCapabilities++limit :: N+limit = (2^(11::N)-1)++c0 :: Complex QuadDouble+c0 = 0++zoom0 :: N+zoom0 = 6++escapeR, escapeR2 :: R+escapeR = 65536+escapeR2 = escapeR * escapeR