packages feed

board-games (empty) → 0.1

raw patch · 17 files changed

+2819/−0 lines, 17 filesdep +QuickCheckdep +arraydep +basesetup-changed

Dependencies added: QuickCheck, array, base, cgi, containers, html, httpd-shed, network, random, transformers, utility-ht

Files

+ LICENSE view
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+ Setup.lhs view
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@+#! /usr/bin/env runhaskell+> import Distribution.Simple+> main = defaultMain
+ board-games.cabal view
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@+Name:             board-games+Version:          0.1+License:          GPL+License-File:     LICENSE+Author:           Henning Thielemann <haskell@henning-thielemann.de>+Maintainer:       Henning Thielemann <haskell@henning-thielemann.de>+Homepage:         http://code.haskell.org/~thielema/games/+Category:         Game, Web+Synopsis:         Three games for inclusion in a web server+Description:+  Three games that might run as CGI script in a web server:+  Connect Four, Rows&Columns, Mastermind+  .+  Check running versions at+  <http://www.henning-thielemann.de/VierGewinnt> and+  <http://www.henning-thielemann.de/ZeilenSpalten>.+  .+  You can build an example web server by installing with+  .+  > cabal install board-games -fbuildExamples+  .+  Then start the server with+  .+  > ./dist/build/board-games/board-games+  .+  and play the games in your browser at the URL+  <http://localhost:8080/>.+  .+  Currently the games use German texts.+  I wanted to use gettext, but this is not thread-safe.+Tested-With:       GHC==6.4.1, GHC==6.8.2, GHC==6.12.3+Cabal-Version:     >=1.8+Build-Type:        Simple+Source-Repository head+  type:     darcs+  location: http://code.haskell.org/~thielema/games/++Flag buildExamples+  description: build example web server that runs the games++Flag splitBase+  description: Choose the new smaller, split-up base package.++Library+  Build-Depends:+    html >=1.0 && <1.1,+    cgi >=3001.1 && <3001.2,+    utility-ht >=0.0.3 && <0.1,+    transformers >=0.2.2 && <0.3+  If flag(splitBase)+    Build-Depends:+      containers >=0.2 && <0.5,+      random >=1.0 && <1.1,+      array >=0.1 && <0.4,+      base >= 2 && <5+  Else+    Build-Depends: base >= 1.0 && < 2++  GHC-Options:      -Wall+  Hs-Source-Dirs:   src+  Exposed-Modules:+    Game.Tree+    Game.VierGewinnt.HTML+    Game.VierGewinnt.Text+    Game.VierGewinnt+    Game.ZeilenSpalten.HTML+    Game.ZeilenSpalten+    Game.Mastermind.HTML+    Game.Mastermind+    Game.Mastermind.CodeSet+    Game.Mastermind.CodeSet.Union+    Game.Mastermind.CodeSet.Tree+  Other-Modules:+    Game.Utility++Executable board-games+  Main-Is:          Game/Server.hs+  GHC-Options:      -Wall+  Hs-Source-Dirs:   src+  Other-Modules:+    Game.Server.Option+  If flag(buildExamples)+    Build-Depends:+      httpd-shed >=0.4 && <0.5,+      network >=2.3 && <2.4,+      html >=1.0 && <1.1,+      cgi >=3001.1 && <3001.2,+      utility-ht >=0.0.3 && <0.1,+      transformers >=0.2.2 && <0.3,+      containers >=0.2 && <0.5,+      random >=1.0 && <1.1,+      array >=0.1 && <0.4,+      base >= 2 && <5+  Else+    Buildable: False++Test-Suite testsuite+  Type:             exitcode-stdio-1.0+  Main-Is:          Game/Test.hs+  GHC-Options:      -Wall+  Hs-Source-Dirs:   src+  Other-Modules:+    Game.Test.Mastermind+  Build-Depends:+    QuickCheck >1.2 && <3.0,+    utility-ht >=0.0.3 && <0.1,+    transformers >=0.2.2 && <0.3,+    containers >=0.2 && <0.5,+    random >=1.0 && <1.1,+    array >=0.1 && <0.4,+    base >= 2 && <5
+ src/Game/Mastermind.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@+module Game.Mastermind where++import qualified Game.Mastermind.CodeSet.Tree as CodeSetTree+-- import qualified Game.Mastermind.CodeSet.Union as CodeSetUnion+import qualified Game.Mastermind.CodeSet as CodeSet+import Game.Mastermind.CodeSet+   (flatten, intersection, (*&), (#*&), unit, empty, union, unions, cube, )++import qualified Data.Map as Map+import qualified Data.Set as Set++import Data.List.HT (partitionMaybe, partition, )+import Data.Tuple.HT (mapPair, )+import Data.Maybe.HT (toMaybe, )+import Data.Maybe (listToMaybe, )+import Control.Monad (liftM, guard, when, replicateM, )++import qualified Control.Monad.Trans.State as State+import qualified Control.Monad.Trans.Class as Trans++import qualified System.Random as Rnd+import qualified System.IO as IO+++data Eval = Eval Int Int+   deriving (Eq, Show)++{- |+Given the code and a guess, compute the evaluation.+-}+evaluate :: (Ord a) => [a] -> [a] -> Eval+evaluate code attempt =+   uncurry Eval $+   mapPair+      (length,+       sum . Map.elems .+       uncurry (Map.intersectionWith min) .+       mapPair (histogram,histogram) . unzip) $+   partitionMaybe (\(x,y) -> toMaybe (x==y) ()) $+   zip code attempt++{-+*Game.Mastermind> filter ((Eval 2 0 ==) . evaluate "aabbb") $ replicateM 5 ['a'..'c']+["aaaaa","aaaac","aaaca","aaacc","aacaa","aacac","aacca","aaccc","acbcc","accbc","acccb","cabcc","cacbc","caccb","ccbbc","ccbcb","cccbb"]+*Game.Mastermind> flatten $ remaining (Set.fromList ['a'..'c']) "aabbb" (Eval 2 0)+["aaaaa","aaaac","aaaca","aaacc","aacaa","aacac","aacca","aaccc","acbcc","accbc","acccb","cabcc","cacbc","caccb","ccbbc","ccbcb","cccbb"]+-}+++histogram :: (Ord a) => [a] -> Map.Map a Int+histogram =+   Map.fromListWith (+) . map (\a -> (a,1))++selectFromHistogram :: (Ord a) => Map.Map a Int -> [(a, Map.Map a Int)]+selectFromHistogram hist =+   map (\a -> (a, Map.update (\n -> toMaybe (n>1) (pred n)) a hist)) $+   Map.keys hist++{- |+A variant of the game:+It is only possible to specify number of symbols at right places.++The results of 'remaining' and 'remainingSimple' cannot be compared.+-}+remainingSimple :: Ord a => Set.Set a -> [a] -> Int -> [[Set.Set a]]+remainingSimple alphabet code rightPlaces =+   map+      (zipWith+         (\symbol right ->+            if right+              then Set.singleton symbol+              else Set.delete symbol alphabet)+         code) $+   possibleRightPlaces (length code) rightPlaces++{- |+Combinatorical \"choose k from n\".+-}+possibleRightPlaces :: Int -> Int -> [[Bool]]+possibleRightPlaces n rightPlaces =+   if n < rightPlaces+     then []+     else+       if n==0+         then [[]]+         else+            (guard (rightPlaces>0) >>+               (map (True:) $+                possibleRightPlaces (n-1) (rightPlaces-1)))+            +++            (map (False:) $+             possibleRightPlaces (n-1) rightPlaces)++{- |+Given a code and an according evaluation,+compute the set of possible codes.++The Game.Mastermind game consists of collecting pairs+of codes and their evaluations.+The searched code is in the intersection of all corresponding code sets.+-}+remaining ::+   (CodeSet.C set, Ord a) =>+   Set.Set a -> [a] -> Eval -> set a+remaining alphabet code0 (Eval rightPlaces rightSymbols0) =+   let findCodes =+          foldr+             (\(fixed,c) go rightSymbols floating0 ->+                if fixed+                  then c #*& go rightSymbols floating0+                  else+                    (if rightSymbols == 0+                       then empty+                       else unions $ do+                          (src, floating1) <- selectFromHistogram floating0+                          guard (c /= src)+                          return $ src #*& go (rightSymbols-1) floating1)+                    `union`+                    (Set.difference+                        (Set.delete c alphabet)+                        (Map.keysSet floating0) *&+                     go rightSymbols floating0))+             (\rightSymbols _floating ->+                if rightSymbols>0+                  then empty+                  else unit)+   in  unions $+       map+          (\pattern ->+             let patternCode = zip pattern code0+             in  findCodes patternCode rightSymbols0 $+                 histogram $ map snd $ filter (not . fst) patternCode) $+       possibleRightPlaces (length code0) rightPlaces+++partitionSizes :: (Ord a) => Set.Set a -> [a] -> [(Eval, Integer)]+partitionSizes alphabet code =+   map (\eval ->+      (eval,+       CodeSet.size $+       (id :: CodeSetTree.T a -> CodeSetTree.T a) $+       remaining alphabet code eval)) $+   possibleEvaluations (length code)++possibleEvaluations :: Int -> [Eval]+possibleEvaluations n = do+   rightPlaces <- [0..n]+   rightSymbols <- [0..n-rightPlaces]+   return $ Eval rightPlaces rightSymbols+++interaction ::+   (CodeSetTree.T Char -> State.StateT state Maybe [Char]) ->+   state ->+   Set.Set Char -> Int -> IO ()+interaction select initial alphabet n =+   let go state set =+          case State.runStateT (select set) state of+             Nothing -> putStrLn "contradicting evaluations"+             Just (attempt, newState) -> do+                putStr $ show attempt ++ " " +++                   show (CodeSet.size set, CodeSet.representationSize set) ++ " "+                IO.hFlush IO.stdout+                eval <- getLine+                let evalHist = histogram eval+                    evalHistRem =+                       Map.keys $ Map.delete 'o' $ Map.delete 'x' evalHist+                when (not $ null evalHistRem)+                   (putStrLn $ "ignoring: " ++ evalHistRem)+                let rightPlaces  = length (filter ('x' ==) eval)+                    rightSymbols = length (filter ('o' ==) eval)+                if rightPlaces >= n+                  then putStrLn "I won!"+                  else go newState $ intersection set $+                       remaining alphabet attempt $+                       Eval rightPlaces rightSymbols+   in  go initial (cube alphabet n)++mainSimple :: Set.Set Char -> Int -> IO ()+mainSimple =+   interaction+      (Trans.lift . listToMaybe . flatten)+      ()++-- candidate for random-utility, cf. module htam:Election, markov-chain+randomSelect ::+   (Rnd.RandomGen g, Monad m) =>+   [a] -> State.StateT g m a+randomSelect items =+   liftM (items!!) $ State.StateT $ return . Rnd.randomR (0, length items-1)++{- |+minimum of maximums using alpha-beta-pruning+-}+minimax :: (Ord b) => [(a, [b])] -> a+minimax [] = error "minimax of empty list"+minimax ((a0,bs0):rest) =+   fst $+   foldl+      (\old@(_minA, minB) (a,bs) ->+         let (ltMinB, gtMinB) = partition (minB>) bs+         in  if null gtMinB+               then (a, maximum ltMinB)+               else old)+      (a0, maximum bs0) rest++{-+Here we optimize for small set sizes.+For performance we could optimize for small set representation sizes.+However the resulting strategy looks much like the strategy+from mainSimple and needs more attempts.+-}+randomizedAttempt ::+   (CodeSet.C set, Rnd.RandomGen g, Ord a) =>+   Int -> Set.Set a ->+   set a -> State.StateT g Maybe [a]+randomizedAttempt n alphabet set = do+   randomAttempts <-+      replicateM 10 $+      replicateM n $+      randomSelect . Set.toList $+      CodeSet.symbols set+   let possible = flatten set+       somePossible =+          -- take 10 possible+          let size = CodeSet.size set+              num = 10+          in  map (CodeSet.select set) $+              Set.toList $ Set.fromList $+              take num $+              map (flip div (fromIntegral num)) $+              iterate (size+) 0+   _ <- Trans.lift $ listToMaybe possible+   return $ minimax $+      map+         (\attempt -> (attempt,+            map (CodeSet.size . intersection set . remaining alphabet attempt) $+            possibleEvaluations n)) $+      somePossible ++ randomAttempts++{- |+In the beginning we simply choose a random code+from the set of possible codes.+In the end, when the set becomes small,+then we compare different alternatives.+-}+mixedRandomizedAttempt ::+   (CodeSet.C set, Rnd.RandomGen g, Ord a) =>+   Int -> Set.Set a ->+   set a -> State.StateT g Maybe [a]+mixedRandomizedAttempt n alphabet set = do+   case CodeSet.size set of+      0 -> Trans.lift Nothing+      1 -> return $ head $ CodeSet.flatten set+      2 -> return $ head $ CodeSet.flatten set+      size ->+         if size <= 100+           then randomizedAttempt n alphabet set+           else+              fmap (CodeSet.select set) $+              State.StateT $ return . Rnd.randomR (0, size-1)++mainRandom :: Set.Set Char -> Int -> IO ()+mainRandom alphabet n = do+   g <- Rnd.getStdGen+   interaction (randomizedAttempt n alphabet) g alphabet n++main :: IO ()+main =+--   mainSimple (Set.fromList ['a'..'z']) 7+   mainRandom (Set.fromList ['a'..'z']) 5++{-+Bug: (fixed)+*Game.Mastermind> main+"uvqcm" (11881376,130) o+"wukjv" (3889620,440)+"lmoci" (1259712,372) xo+"caoab" (94275,1765) oo+"mbadi" (6856,2091) ooo+"ombed" (327,447) x+"lqbia" (2,10) xo+contradicting evaluations+*Game.Mastermind> map (evaluate "amiga") ["uvqcm","wukjv","lmoci","caoab","mbadi","ombed","lqbia"]+[Eval 0 1,Eval 0 0,Eval 1 1,Eval 0 2,Eval 0 3,Eval 1 0,Eval 1 1]+*Game.Mastermind> map (\attempt -> member "amiga" $ remaining (Set.fromList $ ['a'..'z']) attempt (evaluate "amiga" attempt)) ["uvqcm","wukjv","lmoci","caoab","mbadi","ombed","lqbia"]+[True,True,True,True,False,True,False]+-}
+ src/Game/Mastermind/CodeSet.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@+module Game.Mastermind.CodeSet where++import qualified Data.Set as Set+import qualified Data.List as List+import qualified Data.List.Key as Key+import Data.Function.HT (nest, )+import Data.Ord.HT (comparing, )++import Prelude hiding (null, )+++class C set where+   empty :: set a+   union, intersection :: (Ord a) => set a -> set a -> set a+   unit :: set a+   -- | the left operand must be non-empty+   leftNonEmptyProduct :: Set.Set a -> set a -> set a+   flatten :: (Ord a) => set a -> [[a]]+   symbols :: (Ord a) => set a -> Set.Set a+   null :: set a -> Bool+   size :: set a -> Integer+   select :: set a -> Integer -> [a]+   representationSize :: set a -> Int+   -- | simplify set representation by combining set products where possible+   compress :: (Ord a) => set a -> set a++cube :: (C set) => Set.Set a -> Int -> set a+cube alphabet n =+   nest n (leftNonEmptyProduct alphabet) unit++unions :: (C set, Ord a) => [set a] -> set a+unions = foldr union empty+++-- simulate priority queue+insertSortedBy :: (a -> a -> Ordering) -> a -> [a] -> [a]+insertSortedBy cmp x =+   let recourse [] = [x]+       recourse (y:ys) =+          if cmp x y == GT+            then y : recourse ys+            else x:y:ys+   in  recourse++intersections :: (C set, Ord a) => [set a] -> set a+intersections =+   let go [] = error "intersections: empty list"+       go [(_, set)] = set+       go ((_,x):(_,y):rest) =+          let sec = intersection x y+          in  go (insertSortedBy (comparing fst) (size sec, sec) rest)+   in  go .+       List.sortBy (comparing fst) .+       map (\set -> (size set, set))++intersectionsSort :: (C set, Ord a) => [set a] -> set a+intersectionsSort =+   foldl1 intersection . Key.sort size++{- |+Like 'leftNonEmptyProduct' but the left operand can be empty.+-}+(*&) :: (C set) => Set.Set a -> set a -> set a+c *& set =+   if Set.null c+     then empty+     else leftNonEmptyProduct c set++(#*&) :: (C set) => a -> set a -> set a+c #*& set =+   leftNonEmptyProduct (Set.singleton c) set
+ src/Game/Mastermind/CodeSet/Tree.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@+module Game.Mastermind.CodeSet.Tree where++import qualified Game.Mastermind.CodeSet as CodeSet++import qualified Data.Map as Map+import qualified Data.Set as Set++import Data.Tuple.HT (mapFst, swap, )++import Control.Monad (liftM2, )++import Prelude hiding (null, )+++{- |+@Products [(a,b),(c,d)]@+expresses  a x b  union  c x d,+where @x@ denotes the set product.+-}+data T a =+   End | Products (Map.Map (Set.Set a) (T a))+   deriving (Show)++{-+instance (Ord a, Show a) => Show (T a) where+   showsPrec n cs =+      showParen (n>=10) $+      showString "CodeSet.fromLists " . shows (toLists cs)+-}++instance CodeSet.C T where+   empty = Products Map.empty+   union = union+   intersection = intersection+   unit = End+   leftNonEmptyProduct c xs =+      Products $+      if null xs+        then Map.empty+        else Map.singleton c xs+   flatten = flatten+   symbols = symbols+   null = null+   size = size+   select = select+   representationSize = representationSize+   compress = compress+++flatten :: (Ord a) => T a -> [[a]]+flatten End = [[]]+flatten (Products xs) =+   concatMap+      (\(a,b) -> liftM2 (:) (Set.toList a) (flatten b))+      (Map.toList xs)++symbols :: (Ord a) => T a -> Set.Set a+symbols End = Set.empty+symbols (Products xps) =+   Set.unions $+   map (\(x,xs) -> Set.union x (symbols xs)) $+   Map.toList xps+++size :: T a -> Integer+size End = 1+size (Products xs) =+   sum (map (\(a,b) -> fromIntegral (Set.size a) * size b) $ Map.toList xs)++-- somehow inefficient, because the sizes of subsets are recomputed several times+select :: T a -> Integer -> [a]+select End n =+   case compare n 0 of+     LT -> error "CodeSet.select.end: index negative"+     EQ -> []+     GT -> error "CodeSet.select.end: index too large"+select (Products xps) n0 =+   if n0<0+     then error "CodeSet.select: negative index"+     else+       case dropWhile (\(_, ((n1,sz), _)) -> n1>=sz) $+            zip (Map.toList xps) $+            uncurry zip $+            mapFst (\sizes -> zip (scanl (-) n0 sizes) sizes) $+            unzip $+            map (\(x,xs) ->+               let sz = size xs+               in  (fromIntegral (Set.size x) * sz, sz)) $+            Map.toList xps of+         [] -> error "CodeSet.select: index too large"+         ((x,xs), ((n1,_), xsSize)) : _ ->+            let (j,k) = divMod n1 xsSize+            in  (Set.toList x !! fromInteger j)+                : select xs k++representationSize :: T a -> Int+representationSize End = 1+representationSize (Products xs) =+   sum (map (\(a,b) -> Set.size a + representationSize b) $ Map.toList xs)+++{- |+We could try to merge set products.+I'll first want to see, whether this is needed in a relevant number of cases.+-}+union :: (Ord a) => T a -> T a -> T a+union End End = End+union (Products xs) (Products ys) =+   Products (Map.unionWith union xs ys)+union _ _ = error "CodeSet.union: sets with different tuple size"++intersection :: (Ord a) => T a -> T a -> T a+intersection End End = End+intersection (Products xps) (Products yps) =+   Products $ Map.fromListWith union $ normalizeProducts $+   liftM2+      (\(x,xs) (y,ys) -> (Set.intersection x y, intersection xs ys))+      (Map.toList xps)+      (Map.toList yps)+intersection _ _ =+   error "CodeSet.intersection: sets with different tuple size"++{- |+Remove empty set products.+-}+normalizeProducts ::+   [(Set.Set a, T a)] -> [(Set.Set a, T a)]+normalizeProducts =+   filter (\(x,xs) -> not (Set.null x || null xs))+++{- |+This allows (T a) to be a key in a Map.+I do not want an Ord (T a) instance,+since it makes no sense and it requires an Eq (T a) instance+that is either expensive (if it means set equality)+or confusing (if it means structural equality).+-}+newtype Indexable a = Indexable (T a)++instance (Eq a) => Eq (Indexable a) where+   (Indexable x) == (Indexable y) =+      case (x,y) of+         (End,End) -> True+         (Products xs, Products ys) ->+            fmap Indexable xs == fmap Indexable ys+         _ -> False++instance (Ord a) => Ord (Indexable a) where+   compare (Indexable x) (Indexable y) =+      case (x,y) of+         (End,End) -> EQ+         (End,Products _) -> LT+         (Products _,End) -> GT+         (Products xs, Products ys) ->+            compare (fmap Indexable xs) (fmap Indexable ys)+++compress :: (Ord a) => T a -> T a+compress End = End+compress (Products xs) =+   Products $+   Map.fromListWith union $ map swap $ map (mapFst (\(Indexable set) -> set)) $ Map.toList $+   Map.fromListWith Set.union $ map (mapFst Indexable) $ map swap $ Map.toList $+   fmap compress xs++member :: (Ord a) => [a] -> T a -> Bool+member [] End = True+member (c:cs) (Products xps) =+   any (\(x,xs) -> Set.member c x && member cs xs) $+   Map.toList xps+member _ _ =+   error "CodeSet.member: mismatch of tuple size and tuple size in set"++null :: T a -> Bool+null End = False+null (Products xs) = Map.null xs
+ src/Game/Mastermind/CodeSet/Union.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@+module Game.Mastermind.CodeSet.Union where++import qualified Game.Mastermind.CodeSet as CodeSet++import qualified Data.Set as Set++import qualified Data.List as List+import qualified Data.List.HT as ListHT+import Control.Monad (liftM2, guard, )+++{- |+@Cons [[a,b,c,d], [e,f,g,h]]@+expresses  a x b x c x d  union  e x f x g x h,+where @x@ denotes the set product.+-}+newtype T a = Cons [[Set.Set a]]++instance (Ord a, Show a) => Show (T a) where+   showsPrec n cs =+      showParen (n>=10) $+      showString "CodeSet.fromLists " . shows (toLists cs)++instance CodeSet.C T where+   empty = Cons []+   union = union+   intersection = intersection+   unit = Cons [[]]+   leftNonEmptyProduct c (Cons xs) = Cons (map (c:) xs)+   flatten = flatten+   symbols = symbols+   null (Cons xs) = null xs+   size = size+   select = select+   representationSize = representationSize+   compress = id+++toLists :: (Ord a) => T a -> [[[a]]]+toLists (Cons xs) =+   map (map Set.toList) xs++fromLists :: (Ord a) => [[[a]]] -> T a+fromLists =+   Cons . map (map Set.fromList)++flatten :: (Ord a) => T a -> [[a]]+flatten = concatMap sequence . toLists++symbols :: (Ord a) => T a -> Set.Set a+symbols (Cons xs) =+   Set.unions $ map Set.unions xs++cube :: Int -> Set.Set a -> T a+cube n alphabet = Cons [replicate n alphabet]+++size :: T a -> Integer+size = sum . productSizes++productSizes :: T a -> [Integer]+productSizes (Cons x) =+   map (product . map (fromIntegral . Set.size)) $ x++select :: T a -> Integer -> [a]+select set@(Cons xs) n0 =+   let sizes = productSizes set+   in  if n0<0+         then error "CodeSet.select: negative index"+         else+           case dropWhile (\(n1,sz,_) -> n1>=sz) $+                zip3 (scanl (-) n0 sizes) sizes xs of+             [] -> error "CodeSet.select: index too large"+             (n1,_,prod) : _ ->+                (\(n3,cs) ->+                   if n3==0+                     then cs+                     else error "CodeSet.select: at the end index must be zero") $+                List.mapAccumR+                   (\n2 componentSet ->+                      let (n3,i) = divMod n2 (fromIntegral $ Set.size componentSet)+                      in  (n3, Set.toList componentSet !! fromInteger i))+                   n1 prod++representationSize :: T a -> Int+representationSize (Cons x) =+   sum . map (sum . map Set.size) $ x+++{- |+We could try to merge set products.+I'll first want to see, whether this is needed in a relevant number of cases.+-}+union :: T a -> T a -> T a+union (Cons x) (Cons y) = Cons (x++y)++intersection :: (Ord a) => T a -> T a -> T a+intersection (Cons x) (Cons y) =+   normalize $ Cons $ liftM2 (zipWith Set.intersection) x y++member :: (Ord a) => [a] -> T a -> Bool+member code (Cons xs) =+   any (and . zipWith Set.member code) xs++{- |+Remove empty set products.+-}+normalize :: T a -> T a+normalize (Cons x) =+   Cons $ filter (all (not . Set.null)) x+++disjointProduct :: (Ord a) => [Set.Set a] -> [Set.Set a] -> Bool+disjointProduct prod0 prod1 =+   any Set.null $ zipWith Set.intersection prod0 prod1++{- |+for debugging: list all pairs of products, that overlap+-}+overlappingPairs :: (Ord a) => T a -> [([Set.Set a], [Set.Set a])]+overlappingPairs (Cons xs) = do+   prod0:rest <- ListHT.tails xs+   prod1 <- rest+   guard $ not $ disjointProduct prod0 prod1+   return (prod0, prod1)++{- |+for debugging: list all subsets, that are contained in more than one product+-}+overlapping :: (Ord a) => T a -> [([Set.Set a], [[Set.Set a]])]+overlapping (Cons xs) = do+   subset <- Set.toList $ Set.fromList $ do+      prod0:rest <- ListHT.tails xs+      prod1 <- rest+      let sec = zipWith Set.intersection prod0 prod1+      guard $ all (not . Set.null) $ sec+      return sec+   return (subset, filter (not . disjointProduct subset) xs)
+ src/Game/Mastermind/HTML.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@+{- | Input and output for Game.Mastermind -}+module Game.Mastermind.HTML where++import qualified Game.Mastermind.CodeSet.Tree as CodeSetTree+import qualified Game.Mastermind.CodeSet as CodeSet+import qualified Game.Mastermind as MM+import Game.Utility (readMaybe, nullToMaybe, )++import Text.Html((<<), (+++), concatHtml, toHtml)+import qualified Text.Html as Html++import qualified Network.CGI as CGI++import qualified Data.List as List+import qualified Data.List.HT as ListHT+import qualified Data.Set as Set+import qualified Control.Monad.Trans.State as State+import Control.Monad (liftM2, replicateM, )++import Data.Tuple.HT (mapPair, )+import qualified System.Random as Rnd+++labelAnchor :: String -> Html.Html -> Html.Html+labelAnchor ref label =+   Html.anchor label Html.! [Html.href ref]++relHeight, relWidth :: Int -> Html.HtmlAttr+relHeight r = Html.strAttr "HEIGHT" (show r ++ "%")+relWidth  r = Html.strAttr "WIDTH"  (show r ++ "%")+++type Move = (String, MM.Eval)+type Config = (Int, Set.Set Char, Int, Maybe [Move], Maybe String)++evaluation :: MM.Eval -> Html.Html+evaluation (MM.Eval rightPlaces rightSymbols) =+   (Html.table $+      Html.tr $ concatHtml $+         replicate rightPlaces+            ((Html.td << Html.spaceHtml) Html.! [Html.bgcolor Html.black]) +++         replicate rightSymbols+            ((Html.td << Html.spaceHtml) Html.! [Html.bgcolor Html.white]))+      Html.! [Html.border 2]++state ::+   Config ->+   Maybe (CodeSetTree.T Char) ->+   Maybe String ->+   Html.Html+state (width, alphabet, seed, mMoves, mAttempt) mRemaining mCheck =+   let moves = maybe [] id mMoves+       select name options =+          (Html.select $ concatHtml $+           map (Html.option . toHtml) options)+          Html.! [Html.name name]+       verify code eval =+          case mCheck of+             Nothing -> []+             Just check ->+                let shouldBeEval = MM.evaluate check code+                in  [if shouldBeEval == eval+                       then toHtml " "+                       else toHtml "sollte sein:" ++++                            Html.spaceHtml ++++                            evaluation shouldBeEval]+       won =+          not (null moves) &&+          case last moves of+             (_, MM.Eval rightPlaces _) -> rightPlaces == width+   in  Html.center $+       (Html.! [Html.action "Mastermind"]) $+       Html.form $ concatHtml $+          [Html.hidden "width" (show width),+           Html.hidden "alphabet" (Set.toAscList alphabet),+           Html.hidden "seed" (show seed),+           Html.hidden "moves" (unwords $ map formatMove moves)]+          +++          maybe [] (\attempt -> [Html.hidden "attempt" attempt]) mAttempt+          +++          [(Html.table $+            concatHtml $ map Html.tr $+            zipWith (\n row -> Html.th (toHtml (show n ++ ".")) +++ row) [(0::Int)..] $+              flip map moves (\(code, eval) ->+                 concatHtml $ map Html.td $+                 map toHtml code +++                 [evaluation eval] +++                 verify code eval)+              +++              if won || maybe False (null . CodeSet.flatten) mRemaining+                then []+                else [+                   maybe+                      (Html.td (Html.textfield "attempt" Html.!+                          [Html.maxlength width]) Html.! [Html.colspan width]+                       ++++                       Html.td (Html.submit "" "abschicken"))+                      (\attempt ->+                          concatHtml $ map Html.td $+                          map toHtml attempt +++                          let numbers = map show [0..width]+                          in  [concatHtml+                                 [select "rightplaces" numbers,+                                  Html.spaceHtml,+                                  select "rightsymbols" numbers,+                                  Html.spaceHtml,+                                  Html.submit "" "bewerten"]])+                      mAttempt])+              -- Html.! [Html.border 2]+           ]+           +++           (case mRemaining of+               Nothing -> []+               Just remaining ->+                  [case CodeSet.size remaining of+                     0 ->+                        toHtml "Die Bewertungen sind widerspr\252chlich."+                        ++++                        Html.br+                        ++++                        toHtml "Welchen Code meinten Sie? "+                        ++++                        Html.textfield "check" Html.! [Html.maxlength width]+                        ++++                        Html.submit "" "pr\252fen"++                     1 -> toHtml "Dies ist die einzige verbleibende M\246glichkeit."+                     n ->+                        toHtml+                           ("Es bleiben noch " ++ show n +++                            " M\246glichkeiten. Hier eine kleine Auswahl:")+                        ++++                        (Html.ordList $ take 10 $ CodeSet.flatten remaining)])+           +++           (if won+              then [Html.br, Html.bold $ Html.toHtml "R\228tsel gel\246st!"]+              else [])+++game :: String -> Html.Html+game s =+   case parseQuery s of+      Just ((width, alphabet, seed, mMoves, mAttempt), mCheck) ->+         case (mMoves,mAttempt) of+            (Just moves, Nothing) ->+               let remaining =+                      CodeSet.compress $+                      CodeSet.intersections $+                      CodeSet.cube alphabet width :+                      map (uncurry (MM.remaining alphabet)) moves+                   (attempt,newSeed) =+                      maybe+                         (Nothing, seed)+                         (mapPair (Just, fst . Rnd.random)) $+                      State.runStateT+                         (MM.mixedRandomizedAttempt width alphabet remaining)+                         (Rnd.mkStdGen seed)+               in  state+                      (width, alphabet, newSeed, Just moves, attempt)+                      (Just remaining)+                      mCheck+            _ ->+               let code =+                      State.evalState+                         (replicateM width+                            (MM.randomSelect (Set.toList alphabet)))+                         (Rnd.mkStdGen seed)+               in  state+                      (width, alphabet, seed,+                       Just $ maybe [] id mMoves +++                              maybe [] (\attempt -> [(attempt, MM.evaluate code attempt)]) mAttempt,+                       Nothing)+                      Nothing+                      mCheck+      Nothing ->+         toHtml $ "Mit dem Spielstand " ++ show s ++ " kann ich nichts anfangen."++start :: Int -> Html.Html+start seed =+   toHtml "Es r\228t" ++++   Html.simpleTable [] []+     (map (\(alphabet,typ) ->+        map (\(computerAttempts,player) ->+                labelAnchor+                    ("Mastermind?"+++                       formatQuery+                          (4, Set.fromList alphabet, seed,+                           if computerAttempts then Just [] else Nothing, Nothing))+                 << ("der "++player++" "++typ++"."))+            [(False,"Mensch"),(True,"Computer")])+      [(['0'..'9'], "Zahlen"),(['a'..'z'], "W\246rter")]) Html.! [Html.border 2]+++complete :: Html.Html -> Html.Html+complete body =+   Html.header (Html.thetitle << "Mastermind") ++++   Html.body body ++++   Html.br +++ labelAnchor "Mastermind" << "Noch einmal von vorne!"++-- need Maybe String in order to distinguish between "?" and ""+generate :: Maybe String -> IO Html.Html+generate =+   maybe (fmap start Rnd.randomIO) (return . game)+++formatQuery :: Config -> String+formatQuery (width, alphabet, seed, mMoves, mAttempt) =+   CGI.formEncode $+      ("width", show width) :+      ("alphabet", Set.toAscList alphabet) :+      ("seed", show seed) :+      (case mAttempt of+          Nothing -> []+          Just attempt -> [("attempt", attempt)]) +++      (case mMoves of+          Nothing -> []+          Just moves -> [("moves", unwords $ map formatMove moves)]) +++      []++formatMove :: (String, MM.Eval) -> String+formatMove (code, MM.Eval rightPlaces rightSymbols) =+   code ++ "-" ++ show rightPlaces ++ "-" ++ show rightSymbols++parseQuery :: String -> Maybe (Config, Maybe String)+parseQuery query =+   let pairs = CGI.formDecode query+   in  do width    <- readMaybe =<< List.lookup "width" pairs+          alphabet <- fmap Set.fromList $ List.lookup "alphabet" pairs+          seed     <- readMaybe =<< List.lookup "seed" pairs+          mMoves <-+             maybe (Just Nothing)+                (fmap Just .+                 mapM (\moveText ->+                   case ListHT.chop ('-' ==) moveText of+                      [code,rightPlacesText,rightSymbolsText] ->+                         fmap ((,) code) $+                         liftM2 MM.Eval+                            (readMaybe rightPlacesText)+                            (readMaybe rightSymbolsText)+                      _ -> Nothing)+                 .+                 words) $+             List.lookup "moves" pairs+          let mAttempt0 = List.lookup "attempt" pairs+              mRightPlaces = fmap readMaybe $ List.lookup "rightplaces" pairs+              mRightSymbols = fmap readMaybe $ List.lookup "rightsymbols" pairs+          (moves,mAttempt) <-+             case mMoves of+                Nothing -> Just (Nothing, Nothing)+                Just moves0 ->+                   case liftM2 (,) mAttempt0 $+                        liftM2 (,) mRightPlaces mRightSymbols of+                      Just (move, mEval) ->+                         fmap (\eval -> (Just $ moves0 ++ [(move,eval)], Nothing)) $+                         uncurry (liftM2 MM.Eval) mEval+                      Nothing -> Just (Just moves0, mAttempt0)+          return ((width, alphabet, seed, moves, mAttempt),+                  List.lookup "check" pairs)+++main :: IO ()+main =+   putStr . Html.renderHtml . complete =<< generate . nullToMaybe =<< getLine
+ src/Game/Server.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@+module Main where++import qualified Game.ZeilenSpalten.HTML as ZeilenSpalten+import qualified Game.VierGewinnt.HTML as VierGewinnt+import qualified Game.Mastermind.HTML as Mastermind+import qualified Game.Server.Option as Option++import qualified Network.Shed.Httpd as HTTPd+import Network.URI (uriQuery, uriPath, )++import Text.Html((<<), (+++), )+import qualified Text.Html as Html+++headers :: [(String, String)]+headers =+   [("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=latin1")]++withQuery :: String -> (Maybe String -> IO HTTPd.Response) -> IO HTTPd.Response+withQuery query action =+   case query of+      '?':str -> print str >> (action $ Just str)+      [] -> action $ Nothing+      _ -> return $ HTTPd.Response 400 [] $ "invalid query: " ++ query++main :: IO ()+main = do+  opt <- Option.get+  HTTPd.initServer (Option.port opt) $ \ req -> do+    Option.printVerbose opt 1 req+    let uri = HTTPd.reqURI req+    Option.printVerbose opt 2 $ uriQuery uri+    Option.printVerbose opt 2 $ HTTPd.queryToArguments $ uriQuery uri+    case uriPath uri of+       "/" ->+          return $ HTTPd.Response 200 headers $+             Html.renderHtml $+             Html.header (Html.thetitle << "Web games") ++++             Html.body (Html.unordList (map+                (\(path,name) -> (Html.anchor << name) Html.! [Html.href path]) $+                   ("VierGewinnt", "Vier gewinnt") :+                   ("ZeilenSpalten", "Zeilen und Spalten") :+                   ("Mastermind", "Mastermind") :+                   []))+       "/VierGewinnt" ->+          withQuery (uriQuery uri) $ \query ->+          return $ HTTPd.Response 200 headers $ Html.renderHtml $+             VierGewinnt.komplett $ VierGewinnt.erzeuge query+       "/ZeilenSpalten" ->+          withQuery (uriQuery uri) $ \query ->+          fmap (HTTPd.Response 200 headers . Html.renderHtml .+             ZeilenSpalten.komplett) $ ZeilenSpalten.erzeuge query+       "/Mastermind" ->+          withQuery (uriQuery uri) $ \query ->+          fmap (HTTPd.Response 200 headers . Html.renderHtml .+             Mastermind.complete) $ Mastermind.generate query+       path ->+          return $ HTTPd.Response 404 [] $ "unknown game: " ++ path+  return ()
+ src/Game/Server/Option.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@+module Game.Server.Option (+   T(..),+   get,+   printVerbose,+   ) where++import System.Console.GetOpt+          (getOpt, ArgOrder(..), OptDescr(..), ArgDescr(..), usageInfo, )+import System.Environment (getArgs, getProgName, )+import System.Exit (exitSuccess, exitFailure, )+import qualified System.IO as IO++import Control.Monad (when, )+++data T =+   Cons {+      verbosity :: Int,+      port :: Int+   }+   deriving (Show)+++deflt :: T+deflt =+   Cons {+      verbosity = 0,+      port = 8080+      -- other options might control maximum values for some dimensions in the games+   }+++exitFailureMsg :: String -> IO a+exitFailureMsg msg =+   IO.hPutStrLn IO.stderr msg >> exitFailure++parseNumber ::+   (Read a) =>+   String -> (a -> Bool) -> String -> String -> IO a+parseNumber name constraint constraintName str =+   case reads str of+      [(n, "")] ->+         if constraint n+           then return n+           else exitFailureMsg $ name ++ " must be " ++ constraintName+      _ ->+         exitFailureMsg $ name ++ " must be a number, but is '" ++ str ++ "'"+++printVerbose :: (Show a) => T -> Int -> a -> IO ()+printVerbose opt verb a =+   when (verb <= verbosity opt) $ print a+++{-+Guide for common Linux/Unix command-line options:+  http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/ch10s05.html+-}+description :: [OptDescr (T -> IO T)]+description =+   Option ['h'] ["help"]+      (NoArg $ \ _flags -> do+         programName <- getProgName+         putStrLn+            (usageInfo ("Usage: " ++ programName ++ " [OPTIONS]") description)+         exitSuccess)+      "show options" :+   Option ['v'] ["verbose"]+      (flip ReqArg "LEVEL" $ \str flags ->+         fmap (\verb -> flags{verbosity = fromInteger verb}) $+         parseNumber "verbosity" (\n -> 0<=n && n<=2) "from the range from 0 to 2" str)+      "level of verbosity" :+   Option ['p'] ["port"]+      (flip ReqArg "NUMBER" $ \str flags ->+         fmap (\p -> flags{port = fromInteger p}) $+         parseNumber "port" (\n -> 0<n && n<0x10000) "a positive 16-bit number" str)+      "port number" :+   []+++get :: IO T+get = do+   argv <- getArgs+   let (opts, files, errors) = getOpt RequireOrder description argv+   when (not $ null errors) $+      exitFailureMsg (init (concat errors))+   when (not $ null files) $+      exitFailureMsg $+         "Do not know what to do with arguments " ++ show files+   foldl (>>=)+      (return deflt)+      opts
+ src/Game/Tree.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@+module Game.Tree where++import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe, )+import Data.List  (maximumBy, minimumBy, sortBy, )++import Data.Tuple.HT (mapSnd, )+import Data.Function.HT (compose2, )+++data T move state =+     Cons {state    :: state,+           subTrees :: [(move, T move state)]}+   deriving (Show, Read)++mapTrees :: (a -> b) -> [(c,a)] -> [(c,b)]+mapTrees f = map (mapSnd f)++mapNodesLeaves :: (state0 -> state1) -> (state0 -> state1) ->+   T move state0 -> T move state1+mapNodesLeaves _ leafFunc (Cons st []) =+   Cons (leafFunc st) []+mapNodesLeaves nodeFunc leafFunc (Cons st subs) =+   Cons (nodeFunc st) (mapTrees (mapNodesLeaves nodeFunc leafFunc) subs)++instance Functor (T move) where+   fmap f (Cons st subs) =+      Cons (f st) (mapTrees (fmap f) subs)++scanChildren ::+   ([(move, T move state)] -> [(move, T move state)]) ->+      T move state -> T move state+scanChildren f (Cons st subs) =+   Cons st (f (mapTrees (scanChildren f) subs))+++build :: (state -> [(move, state)]) -> state -> T move state+build nextMoves start =+   Cons start (mapTrees (build nextMoves)+                        (nextMoves start))++selectSubTree :: (Eq move) => move -> T move state -> T move state+selectSubTree mv (Cons _ subs) =+   fromMaybe (error "selectSubTree: illegal move") (lookup mv subs)++selectDeepSubTree :: (Eq move) => [move] -> T move state -> T move state+selectDeepSubTree =+   flip (foldl (flip selectSubTree))++{- prune the tree to a fixed depth -}+pruneDepth :: Int -> T move state -> T move state+pruneDepth 0 (Cons st _) = Cons st []+pruneDepth n (Cons st subs) =+   Cons st (mapTrees (pruneDepth (n-1)) subs)++{- prune the tree roughly to a fixed volume -}+pruneVolume :: Int -> T move state -> T move state+pruneVolume 0 (Cons st _) = Cons st []+pruneVolume n (Cons st subs) =+   let subSize = div n (length subs)+   in  Cons st (mapTrees (pruneVolume subSize) subs)+++maximise, minimise :: (Ord score) => T move score -> score+maximise (Cons score []) = score+maximise (Cons _ subs) =+   maximum (map (minimise . snd) subs)++minimise (Cons score []) = score+minimise (Cons _ subs) =+   minimum (map (maximise . snd) subs)+++maximumMove, minimumMove :: (Ord score) => T move score -> move+maximumMove (Cons _ subs) =+   fst (maximumBy (compose2 compare snd)+                  (mapTrees maximise subs))+minimumMove (Cons _ subs) =+   fst (minimumBy (compose2 compare snd)+                  (mapTrees minimise subs))+++maximiseFast, minimiseFast :: (Ord score) => T move score -> [score]+maximiseFast (Cons score []) = [score]+maximiseFast (Cons _ subs) =+   mapMinimum (map (minimiseFast . snd) subs)++minimiseFast (Cons score []) = [score]+minimiseFast (Cons _ subs) =+   mapMaximum (map (maximiseFast . snd) subs)++{- it holds+      maximum (map minimum xs) = maximum (mapMinimum xs)+   but compared to (map minimum) those minima are omited,+   which do not alter the overall maximum -}+mapMaximum, mapMinimum :: (Ord score) => [[score]] -> [score]+mapMaximum [] = error "GameTree.mapMaximum: empty list"+mapMaximum (x:xs) =+   let bound = maximum x+   in  bound : map maximum (filter (all (<=bound)) xs)+mapMinimum [] = error "GameTree.mapMinimum: empty list"+mapMinimum (x:xs) =+   let bound = minimum x+   in  bound : map minimum (filter (all (>=bound)) xs)+++{- only if child notes are sorted,+   then mapMaximum can prune uninteresting sub trees -}+sortChildrenAsc, sortChildrenDesc :: (Ord score) =>+   T move score -> T move score+-- sortChildrenAsc = scanChildren (sortBy (compose2 compare state))+sortChildrenAsc (Cons st subs) =+   Cons st (sortBy (compose2 compare (state . snd))+                   (mapTrees sortChildrenDesc subs))+sortChildrenDesc (Cons st subs) =+   Cons st (sortBy (compose2 (flip compare) (state . snd))+                   (mapTrees sortChildrenAsc subs))+++maximumMoveFast, minimumMoveFast :: (Ord score) => T move score -> move+maximumMoveFast =+   fst . maximumBy (compose2 compare snd) .+   mapTrees (maximum . maximiseFast) . subTrees .+   sortChildrenAsc+minimumMoveFast =+   fst . minimumBy (compose2 compare snd) .+   mapTrees (minimum . minimiseFast) . subTrees .+   sortChildrenDesc
+ src/Game/Utility.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@+module Game.Utility where++readMaybe :: (Read a) => String -> Maybe a+readMaybe str =+   case reads str of+      [(a,"")] -> Just a+      _ -> Nothing++nullToMaybe :: [a] -> Maybe [a]+nullToMaybe [] = Nothing+nullToMaybe s  = Just s
+ src/Game/VierGewinnt.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@+module Game.VierGewinnt where+{- <plaintext>++http://sim.mathematik.uni-halle.de/~helmut/Fun/Game.VierGewinnt/vierg.hs++VIER-GEWINNT IN HASKELL++Idee und Programmierung: Joerg Wensch und Helmut Podhaisky+                         {wensch,podhaisky}@mathematik.uni-halle.de+Version vom Mai 2002++Kopierrechte nach GPL+(GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE, siehe http://www.gnu.org/)++-}++import qualified Data.List.Key as Key++import Data.Array (Array, Ix, array, range, inRange, listArray, (!), (//), )+import Data.Maybe (isNothing, catMaybes, )++{-+Es gibt die Dateneinheit Spielstand. Zu ihr gehoert immer eine+Sofortwertung. Neue Zuege koennen nur mit doTheMove aus einem alten+Spielstand abgeleitet werden. So sind inkrementelle Bewertungsfunktionen+leicht implementierbar. Die Positionsbewertung erfolgt mit einem+(vorzeichenbehafteten) Integerwert. Alle Sonderfaelle lassen sich in+diesen Integerwert hineinpressen. Z.B. so:++ + posinfty >= matt in 7 => matt in 3 >= 500 Materialpunkte >= 10+ Materialpunkte >= patt in 10 >= patt in 1 >= sofortpatt >= - 10+ materialpunkte >= matt in 7 >= -neginfty++Besonderheiten fuer Vier-Gewinnt:+Es gibt 69 Vierer. Wir werten nur diese, unabhaengig von der konkreten+Lage mit 0 1 5 oder 50 Punkten fuer 0,1,2 oder 3 Steine (und Luft+sonst).+++Das muss ein Fehler sein:+In folgender Spielsituation tut der Computer was ganz dummes,+er verhindert nicht den Vierer.+putStr (game (Computer, [1,4,4,4,6,3,3,7,3,4,5,6,3,3,1,6,2,2,2,4,5,2]))++-}++type Brett      = Array (Int,Int) (Maybe Spieler)+type Fuellstand = Array Int Int+type Wertung    = Int+type Zug        = Int+data Spieler =+     Computer+   | Mensch+   deriving (Show,Read,Eq,Ord,Ix)++{-+instance Ix a => Ix Maybe a where+a general Ix instance for Maybe cannot be defined,+because if the lower index bound is Nothing+then we do not know the next larger index of the form (Just i).+This is a problem e.g. for Maybe Int+-}++data Spielstand =+      S {brettVon       :: Brett,+         fuellstandVon  :: Fuellstand,+         amZug          :: Spieler,+         wertung        :: Wertung,+         anfangundzuege :: (Spieler, [Zug])}++brettGroesse :: ((Int,Int),(Int,Int))+brettGroesse = ((1,1),(7,6))++posinfty, neginfty :: Wertung+posinfty =  10000+neginfty = -10000++gegner :: Spieler -> Spieler+gegner Mensch   = Computer+gegner Computer = Mensch++++moeglicheZuege :: Spielstand -> [Int]+moeglicheZuege spielstand =+    let brett = brettVon spielstand+    in  filter (\i -> isNothing (brett!(i,6))) [1..7]++computerAmZug :: Spielstand -> Bool+computerAmZug spielstand =+    amZug spielstand == Computer++istMatt, istPatt :: Spielstand -> Bool+istMatt spielstand = abs (wertung spielstand) >= 5000+istPatt spielstand = null (moeglicheZuege spielstand)++doTheMove :: Spielstand->Zug->Spielstand+doTheMove spielstand zug =+    S neuesBrett neuerFuellstand derGegner neueWertung (anfang,zuege)+    where+    altesBrett,neuesBrett :: Brett+    altesBrett = brettVon spielstand+    alterFuellstand = fuellstandVon spielstand+    drann = amZug spielstand+    derGegner = gegner drann+    alteWertung = wertung spielstand+    neueWertung = updateWertung alteWertung altesBrett neuesBrett (zug,j)+    neuesBrett=altesBrett // (((zug,j),Just drann):[])+    neuerFuellstand=alterFuellstand // ((zug,j):[])+    j=alterFuellstand!zug + 1+    (anfang,altezuege)= anfangundzuege spielstand+    zuege=altezuege++(zug:[])++fmtwertung :: Wertung -> String+fmtwertung w =+    if -5000 < w && w < 5000+      then show w+      else " Matt in " ++ show (6000 - abs w)++updateWertung ::  Int -> Brett-> Brett -> (Int,Int) -> Wertung+updateWertung alteWertung altesBrett neuesBrett (i,j)+      = neueWertung+    where+    aktiv = aktiveVierer!(i,j)+    alt = sum (map (werte . map (altesBrett!)) aktiv)+    neu = sum (map (werte . map (neuesBrett!)) aktiv)++    neueWertung :: Wertung+    neueWertung =+        if abs neu >= 5000+          then maxmin neu+          else maxmin (alteWertung + neu - alt)++    maxmin x = max (min x 6000) (-6000)+    w :: Int -> Int+    w x = [0,1,5,50,posinfty] !! x++    werte xs =+       let xsm = catMaybes xs+           {- effizienter?+           steine = accumArray (+) 0 (Computer, Mensch)+                               (map (\x->(x,1)) xsm)+           computerSteine = steine ! Computer+           menschSteine   = steine ! Mensch+           -}+           computerSteine = length (filter (Computer ==) xsm)+           menschSteine   = length (filter (Mensch   ==) xsm)+       in  if computerSteine>0 && menschSteine>0+             then 0+             else w computerSteine - w menschSteine++++aktiveVierer :: Array (Int,Int) [[(Int,Int)]]+aktiveVierer = array brettGroesse+    (map (\ix -> (ix, uncurry viererVon ix)) (range brettGroesse))++viererVon :: Int -> Int -> [[(Int, Int)]]+viererVon i j = filter (elem (i,j)) alleVierer+alleVierer :: [[(Int,Int)]]+alleVierer = [ [(i+l*ii,j+l*jj) | l<-[0..3] ]+                 | (i,j)   <- range brettGroesse,+                   (ii,jj) <- inc i j ]+    where+    inc i j = filter (\(ii,jj) ->+                         inRange brettGroesse (i+3*ii,j+3*jj))+                     [(0,1),(1,-1),(1,0),(1,1)]++grundstellung :: Spieler -> Spielstand+grundstellung x = S leeresBrett leererFuellstand x 0 (x,[])+    where+    leeresBrett=listArray brettGroesse (repeat Nothing)+    leererFuellstand=listArray (1,7) (repeat 0)++-- Korrektur der Matt-Vorhersage-Zuege+bewertungsKorrektur :: Wertung->Wertung+bewertungsKorrektur w+    | w > 5000  = w-1+    | w < -5000 = w+1+    | otherwise = w++{-+Wir berechnen die Stellungsbewertung zum gegebenen Brett mit einer+vorgegebenen Tiefe einschliesslich der Zuege zu dieser Stellung.++----------------------+Alpha-Beta-Suche:++Ebene 0            X+Ebene 1     A      B        C+Ebene 2   a  b    c d e     ...++wert(X)=max(A,B,C)+wert(A)=min(a,b)+wert(B)=min(c,d,e)++Wir moechten nun den Wert von B abschaetzen. D.h. wir wollen wissen,+ob wert(B)<= wert(A) ist. Das ist bereits dann der Fall, wenn+wert(c)<=wert(A) ist. Dann brauchen wir d und e gar nicht mehr+anzusehen, denn es gilt wert(X) >= max (A, min (c,d,e)).++Auswerten mit Schranke:++w(A)            = max (-inf, min (a,b))+wert(B) <= w(B) = max (w(A), min (c,d,e))+w(C)            = max (W(B), min (...)++scanl (\x,y->f(x,X)) w(A) [B,C,D] = [w(a),f(w(a),B),f(f(w(a),B),C) ...]+also: f=(\x,y-> max (x,min(kinder y)))++----------------------++Weil ein Matt in 5 schlechter als ein Matt in 3 ist, muss beim+Zusammensetzen der Wertung vom Tochterknoten zum Mutterknoten u.U. eine+Bewertungskorrektur durchgefuehrt werden.++-}++tiefe0 :: Int+tiefe0 = 0++search :: Int->Spielstand->(Wertung,[Zug])+search suchTiefe spielstand =+    bewerteKnoten suchTiefe tiefe0 posinfty spielstand+++bewerteKnoten :: Int->Int->Int->Spielstand->(Wertung,[Zug])+bewerteKnoten suchTiefe tiefe bound spielstand+    |  tiefe == suchTiefe  = (wertung spielstand,[])+    |  istMatt spielstand = (wertung spielstand,[])+    |  istPatt spielstand = (0,[])+    |  tiefe < suchTiefe = bestesKind+    |  otherwise = error "bewerteKnoten: unmoeglicher Fall"+          where+          zuege1 = moeglicheZuege spielstand+          kinder1= map (doTheMove spielstand) zuege1++          -- Den jeweils besten Zug zuerst ausprobieren, dann+          -- fallen viele Faelle spaeter schneller weg.+          (kinder,zuege) = unzip+             ((if computerAmZug spielstand+                 then reverse+                 else id)+              (Key.sort (wertung . fst) (zip kinder1 zuege1)))++          godown ::  Int -> Spielstand -> (Wertung,[Zug])+          godown=bewerteKnoten suchTiefe (tiefe+1)+          godown1 (w,_)  = godown w++          wkind1=godown newbound (head kinder)+          werteKinder = scanl (godown1)  wkind1 (tail kinder)++          paareWertZug = zip werteKinder zuege+          bestesKind = verbinden (minmax' paareWertZug)++          (minmax,newbound) =+              if computerAmZug spielstand+                then (maximum,neginfty)+                else (minimum,posinfty)+++          worseThan bound0 =+              if computerAmZug spielstand+                then bound0 + 5+                else bound0 - 5++          rel :: Ord a => a->a->Bool+          rel =+              if computerAmZug spielstand+                then (>)+                else (<)++          minmax' paareWertZug0 =+            if any (\x->rel (fst (fst x)) (bewertungsKorrektur bound))+                   paareWertZug0+              then ((worseThan (bewertungsKorrektur bound),[]),0)+              else minmax paareWertZug0++          verbinden ((wert,zuege0),zug)=(bewertungsKorrektur wert,zug:zuege0)+------------------------------------------------------++suchTiefeGesamt :: Int+suchTiefeGesamt = 6++berechneSpielstand :: (Spieler,[Zug]) -> Spielstand+berechneSpielstand (erster,zuege) =+    let spielstand = foldl doTheMove (grundstellung erster) zuege+    in  if istMatt spielstand || not (computerAmZug spielstand)+          then spielstand+          else doTheMove spielstand+                 (head $ snd (search suchTiefeGesamt spielstand))
+ src/Game/VierGewinnt/HTML.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@+{- | Ein- und Ausgabe fuer Game.VierGewinnt getrennt von Zugberechnung -}+module Game.VierGewinnt.HTML where++import Game.VierGewinnt+   (Spieler(..), Zug, Spielstand, grundstellung, brettVon, wertung,+    anfangundzuege, moeglicheZuege, berechneSpielstand, istMatt, )+import Game.Utility (readMaybe, nullToMaybe, )++import Text.Html((<<), (+++), noHtml, spaceHtml, concatHtml, renderHtml, toHtml, )+import qualified Text.Html as Html+import qualified Data.List as List+import Data.Array((!))++import qualified Network.CGI as CGI+++farbe :: Maybe Spieler -> String+farbe Nothing         = Html.white+farbe (Just Mensch)   = Html.blue+farbe (Just Computer) = Html.red++labelAnchor :: String -> Html.Html -> Html.Html+labelAnchor ref label =+   Html.anchor label Html.! [Html.href ref]++relHeight, relWidth :: Int -> Html.HtmlAttr+relHeight r = Html.strAttr "HEIGHT" (show r ++ "%")+relWidth  r = Html.strAttr "WIDTH"  (show r ++ "%")++spielstand :: Spielstand -> Html.Html+spielstand stand = concatHtml [moeglichesEnde, table]+    where+    brett  = brettVon stand+    fmtf x = Html.td spaceHtml+                Html.! [relHeight 14, Html.bgcolor (farbe x)]++    table = Html.center (Html.table (concatHtml tableContents)+                Html.! [relWidth 65, relHeight 65, Html.border 2])+    tableContents =+        zuege:+        [Html.tr (concatHtml [fmtf (brett!(i,7-j)) | i<-[1..7]]) |+        j<-[1..6]]++    moeglichesEnde =+       case wertung stand of+          6000    -> Html.h2 << "Du bist matt!"+          (-6000) -> Html.h2 << "Du hast gewonnen!"+          _       -> noHtml++    zuege = Html.tr (concatHtml (map gencell [1..7]))++    {-+    fmt [] = "<h2>Unentschieden. Nochmal?</h2>"+    fmt x  = show x+    -}++    (anfang,altezuege)= anfangundzuege stand+    color :: Zug -> String+    color i =+        if null altezuege || i /= last altezuege+          then Html.white+          else Html.yellow++    gencell :: Zug -> Html.Html+    gencell i = Html.td (Html.center (href (toHtml ("Spalte " ++ show i))))+                   Html.! [Html.bgcolor (color i)]+        where+        href s =+            if elem i (moeglicheZuege stand) && not (istMatt stand)+              then Html.bold (labelAnchor ("VierGewinnt?" ++ erzeugeAnfrage anfang (altezuege++[i])) s)+              else s+++komplett :: Html.Html -> Html.Html+komplett body =+   Html.header (Html.thetitle << "Vier gewinnt") ++++   Html.body+    (Html.h1 ("Vier-Gewinnt in " ++++                 labelAnchor "http://www.haskell.org/" << "Haskell" ++++              " (" +++ labelAnchor "VierGewinnt.hs" << "Quelltext" +++ ")") ++++              body ++++     labelAnchor "VierGewinnt" (Html.h2 << "Neues Spiel?") ++++     Html.hr ++++     labelAnchor "http://www.mathematik.uni-halle.de/~wensch" << "JW" ++++     ", " ++++     labelAnchor "http://www.mathematik.uni-halle.de/~podhaisky" << "HP")+++-- Maybe String wird gebraucht um zwischen "?" und "" zu unterscheiden+erzeuge :: Maybe String -> Html.Html+erzeuge =+   maybe+     (concatHtml+        [Html.h2 << "Wer f\228ngt an?",+         (labelAnchor ("VierGewinnt?" ++ erzeugeAnfrage Computer []) << "Der Computer"),+         Html.h2 << "Nein, ich. Ich nehme:",+         spielstand (grundstellung Mensch)])+     (\s ->+        case interpretiereAnfrage s of+           Just stand -> spielstand (berechneSpielstand stand)+           Nothing -> toHtml $ "Mit dem Spielstand " ++ show s ++ " kann ich nichts anfangen.")++erzeugeAnfrage :: Spieler -> [Zug] -> String+erzeugeAnfrage spieler zuege =+   CGI.formEncode $+      ("start", show spieler) :+      (if null zuege then [] else [("zuege", unwords $ map show zuege)]) +++      []++interpretiereAnfrage :: String -> Maybe (Spieler, [Zug])+interpretiereAnfrage anfrage =+   let paare = CGI.formDecode anfrage+   in  do anfangText <- List.lookup "start" paare+          anfang <- readMaybe anfangText+          zuege <-+             case List.lookup "zuege" paare of+                Nothing -> Just []+                Just zuegeText ->+                   mapM (\zugText ->+                      case zugText of+                         [_] -> readMaybe zugText+                         _ -> Nothing) $+                   words zuegeText+          return (anfang, zuege)+++main :: IO ()+main =+   putStr . renderHtml . komplett . erzeuge . nullToMaybe =<< getLine
+ src/Game/VierGewinnt/Text.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@+module Game.VierGewinnt.Text where++import Game.VierGewinnt+   (Spieler(..), Zug, Spielstand, brettVon,+    anfangundzuege, berechneSpielstand, )++import Data.Array((!))+++symbol :: Maybe Spieler -> Char+symbol Nothing         = ' '+symbol (Just Mensch)   = '@'+symbol (Just Computer) = '+'++--- ASCII-dump+spielstand :: Spielstand -> String+spielstand stand =+    show (anfangundzuege stand) ++ "\n" +++    concatMap (++"|\n") (concat ([+      [ruler,line (7-j),nline (7-j)] | j<-[1..6] ])++[nruler])+      where+        brett = brettVon stand+        ruler, nruler  :: String+        line, nline  :: Int-> String+        ruler    = " "++ concat (replicate 7 ("|-----"))+        nruler   = " "++ concatMap (\i->"|--"++show i++"--") [1..(7::Int)]+        line j   = " "++ concatMap (\i->"|" +++                            replicate 5 (symbol (brett!(i,j)))) [1..7]+        nline j  = show j ++ tail (line j)++-- We may use a custom Spielstand datatype in order to avoid the orphan instance+instance Show Spielstand where+    show = spielstand+++spiel :: (Spieler,[Zug]) -> String+spiel = spielstand . berechneSpielstand
+ src/Game/ZeilenSpalten.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@+module Game.ZeilenSpalten where++{-+  Benutzung in GHCi:+  Game.ZeilenSpalten> spiel (5,5) 123 Spalte [0,1,2]+-}++import qualified Game.Tree as GameTree++import Data.Array (Array, Ix, range, rangeSize, bounds, listArray, (!), (//), )+import Data.Maybe (isNothing, )+import Data.List  (intersperse, unfoldr, )+import System.Random (mkStdGen, randomR, randomRs, )+++type Zahlenfeld = Array (Koordinate,Koordinate) Zahl+type Spielfeld  = Array (Koordinate,Koordinate) (Maybe Spieler)+type Zahl       = Int+type Punkte     = Int+type Zug        = Int+type Koordinate = Int++data Spielstand = S+   {punkte     :: (Punkte, Punkte),+    amZug      :: Spieler,+    koordinate :: Koordinate,+    zahlenfeld :: Zahlenfeld,+    spielfeld  :: Spielfeld}++data Spieler =+     Spalte+   | Zeile+   deriving (Show,Read,Eq,Ord,Ix)++spielfeldSymbol :: Maybe Spieler -> Char+spielfeldSymbol = maybe ' ' spielerSymbol++spielerSymbol :: Spieler -> Char+spielerSymbol Spalte = '+'+spielerSymbol Zeile  = '@'++gegner :: Spieler -> Spieler+gegner Zeile  = Spalte+gegner Spalte = Zeile++punkteDifferenz :: Spielstand -> Punkte+punkteDifferenz s =+   uncurry (-) (punkte s)+++moeglicheZuege :: Spielstand -> [(Zug, Spielstand)]+moeglicheZuege s =+   let k = koordinate s+       y = spielfeld s+       z = zahlenfeld s+       p = punkte s+       dran = amZug s+       ((i0,j0),(i1,j1)) = bounds z+       zuege =+          case dran of+             Spalte -> filter (isNothing . (y!) . (\j->(k,j))) [j0..j1]+             Zeile  -> filter (isNothing . (y!) . (\i->(i,k))) [i0..i1]+       poss =+          case dran of+             Spalte -> map (\j -> (k,j)) zuege+             Zeile  -> map (\i -> (i,k)) zuege+       pneu (pspalte,pzeile) d =+          case dran of+             Spalte -> (pspalte + d, pzeile)+             Zeile  -> (pspalte, pzeile + d)+       spielstandNeu zug pos =+          (zug, S (pneu p (z!pos)) (gegner dran) zug+                  z (y//[(pos, Just dran)]))+   in  zipWith spielstandNeu zuege poss++grundstellung :: (Koordinate,Koordinate) -> Int -> Spieler -> Spielstand+grundstellung (breite,hoehe) saat beginner =+   let groesse = ((0,0),(breite-1,hoehe-1))+       g = mkStdGen saat+       kgrenze = case beginner of+                    Zeile  -> hoehe+                    Spalte -> breite+       (k,g') = randomR (0,kgrenze-1) g+   in  S (0,0)+         beginner+         k+         (listArray groesse (randomRs (0,9) g'))+         (listArray groesse (repeat Nothing))++spielstandZuText :: Spielstand -> String+spielstandZuText s =+   let z = zahlenfeld s+       y = spielfeld s+       aktiv = koordinate s+       ((i0,j0),(i1,j1)) = bounds z+       symbol (i,j) =+          maybe (if (case amZug s of+                       Spalte -> i == aktiv+                       Zeile  -> j == aktiv)+                    then '?' else ' ')+                spielerSymbol (y!(i,j))+   in  unlines (+          concat ("    " : intersperse "  " (map show (range (i0,i1)))) :+          concat ("  +" : replicate (rangeSize (i0,i1)) "---") :+          map (\j ->+             show j ++ " | " +++             unwords (map (\i -> show (z!(i,j)) ++ [symbol (i,j)])+                [i0..i1])) [j0..j1] +++          ["Punkte (Spalter, Zeiler): " ++ show (punkte s) +++           ", Differenz: " ++ show (punkteDifferenz s)])++instance Show Spielstand where+   show = spielstandZuText++{- Computer spielt begonnene Party für beide Seiten optimal zu Ende -}+optimalesSpiel :: (Koordinate,Koordinate) -> Int -> Spieler -> [Zug] -> [Zug]+optimalesSpiel groesse saat beginner zuege =+   let spielbaum =+          GameTree.selectDeepSubTree zuege+             (GameTree.build moeglicheZuege+                (grundstellung groesse saat beginner))+   in  unfoldr (\s -> fmap (\zug -> (zug, GameTree.selectSubTree zug s))+                           (optimalerZug s))+               spielbaum++optimalerZug :: GameTree.T Zug Spielstand -> Maybe Zug+optimalerZug spielaktuell =+   let spielstand = GameTree.state spielaktuell+       besterZug =+          if True  -- schnell oder nicht+            then case amZug spielstand of+                    Spalte -> GameTree.maximumMoveFast+                    Zeile  -> GameTree.minimumMoveFast+            else case amZug spielstand of+                    Spalte -> GameTree.maximumMove+                    Zeile  -> GameTree.minimumMove+   in  if null (GameTree.subTrees spielaktuell)+         then Nothing+         else Just (besterZug (-- GameTree.pruneVolume 100000+                               GameTree.pruneDepth 4+                       {- bewerte Knoten für sofortiges Ende höher,+                          dadurch wird Gegner-K.O. forciert,+                          aber eigenes K.O. eher abgewendet. -}+                       (GameTree.mapNodesLeaves id (5*)+                       -- (GameTree.mapNodesLeaves id id+                           {- Wir wollen Zugfolge, die unseren Vorsprung maximiert. -}+                           (fmap (uncurry (-) . punkte) spielaktuell))))+                           {- Wir wollen Zugfolge mit den meisten Punkten für uns.+                              Unter allen Folgen mit gleicher Punktzahl für uns,+                              gönnen wir dem Gegner die wenigsten. -}+                           -- (fmap ((\(ps,pz) -> (ps,-pz)) . punkte) spielaktuell))))+++berechneSpielstandUndZug ::+   (Koordinate,Koordinate) -> Int -> Spieler -> [Zug] -> (Spielstand, Maybe Zug)+berechneSpielstandUndZug groesse saat beginner zuege =+   let spielbaum =+          GameTree.build moeglicheZuege+             (grundstellung groesse saat beginner)+       spielaktuell =+          GameTree.selectDeepSubTree zuege spielbaum+       spielstand = GameTree.state spielaktuell+   in  (spielstand, optimalerZug spielaktuell)+++spielZuText :: (Koordinate,Koordinate) -> Int -> Spieler -> [Zug] -> String+spielZuText groesse saat beginner zuege =+   let (spielstand, optZug) =+          berechneSpielstandUndZug groesse saat beginner zuege+       zugvorschlag =+          maybe "Nix geht mehr."+             (\zug -> "Zugvorschlag f\252r " ++ show (amZug spielstand) ++ "r: " +++                     show zug)+             optZug+   in  spielstandZuText spielstand+        ++ zugvorschlag ++ "\n"++spiel :: (Koordinate,Koordinate) -> Int -> Spieler -> [Zug] -> IO ()+spiel groesse saat beginner zuege =+   putStr (spielZuText groesse saat beginner zuege)
+ src/Game/ZeilenSpalten/HTML.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@+{- | Ein- und Ausgabe fuer Game.ZeilenSpalten getrennt von Zugberechnung -}+module Game.ZeilenSpalten.HTML where++import Game.ZeilenSpalten hiding (spiel)+import qualified Game.Tree as GameTree+import Game.Utility (readMaybe, nullToMaybe, )++import Text.Html((<<), (+++), concatHtml, toHtml)+import qualified Text.Html as Html++import qualified Network.CGI as CGI++import qualified Data.List as List+import Data.Array ((!), bounds, )+import Data.Maybe (maybeToList, isNothing, )+import Control.Monad (guard, )+import System.Random (randomIO, )+++spielfeldFarbe :: Maybe Spieler -> String+spielfeldFarbe = maybe Html.white spielerFarbe++spielerFarbe :: Spieler -> String+spielerFarbe Zeile    = Html.blue+spielerFarbe Spalte   = Html.red++labelAnchor :: String -> Html.Html -> Html.Html+labelAnchor ref label =+   Html.anchor label Html.! [Html.href ref]++relHeight, relWidth :: Int -> Html.HtmlAttr+relHeight r = Html.strAttr "HEIGHT" (show r ++ "%")+relWidth  r = Html.strAttr "WIDTH"  (show r ++ "%")++type Beschreibung = ((Koordinate,Koordinate), Int, Spieler, Bool, [Zug])++spielstand :: Beschreibung -> Spielstand -> Html.Html+spielstand (groesse, saat, beginner, _, zuege) s =+   let z = zahlenfeld s+       y = spielfeld s+       (ps,pz) = punkte s+       aktiv = koordinate s+       ((i0,j0),(i1,j1)) = bounds z+       aktivesFeld (i,j) = variableKoordinate (j,i) == aktiv+       variableKoordinate (i,j) =+          case amZug s of+             Spalte -> j+             Zeile  -> i+       anc ij =+          labelAnchor ("ZeilenSpalten?" +++                erzeugeAnfrage+                   (groesse, saat, beginner, True,+                    zuege ++ [variableKoordinate ij]))+       farbe grund ij =+          maybe grund spielerFarbe (y!ij)+       feld =+          Html.table+              (concatHtml $ map (\j -> Html.tr+                 (concatHtml $ map (\i ->+                    let ij   = (i,j)+                        af   = aktivesFeld ij+                        fb   = if af then Html.yellow else Html.white+                        canc = if af && isNothing (y!ij) then anc ij else id+                        zahl = toHtml (show (z!ij))+                    in Html.td (canc zahl)+                              Html.! [Html.bgcolor (farbe fb ij)])+                  [i0..i1]))+               [j0..j1])+            Html.! [Html.border 2]+   in  Html.center+         (Html.simpleTable [] [{-Html.valign "top"-}]+            [[toHtml ("Spalter: " ++ show ps),+              feld,+              toHtml ("Zeiler: " ++ show pz)]])+++-- umständlich, weil Spielfeld zweimal aufgebaut wird+spiel' :: String -> Html.Html+spiel' s =+   let (groesse, saat, beginner, macheGegenzug, zuege) = read s+       (_,computerZug) = berechneSpielstandUndZug groesse saat beginner zuege+       zuegeMitComputer = zuege ++ maybeToList computerZug+       (stand,_) =+          berechneSpielstandUndZug groesse saat beginner zuegeMitComputer+   in  Html.center (spielstand+          (groesse, saat, beginner, macheGegenzug, zuegeMitComputer) stand)++spiel :: String -> Html.Html+spiel s =+   case interpretiereAnfrage s of+      Just (groesse, saat, beginner, macheGegenzug, zuege) ->+         let spielbaum =+                GameTree.build moeglicheZuege+                   (grundstellung groesse saat beginner)+             spielaktuell =+                GameTree.selectDeepSubTree zuege spielbaum+             optZug = optimalerZug spielaktuell+             (spielunterbaum,zuegeMitComputer) =+                maybe+                   (spielaktuell, zuege)+                   (\zug -> (GameTree.selectSubTree zug spielaktuell, zuege++[zug]))+                (guard macheGegenzug >> optZug)+             stand = GameTree.state spielunterbaum+         in  spielstand+                (groesse, saat, beginner, macheGegenzug, zuegeMitComputer) stand+      Nothing ->+         toHtml $ "Mit dem Spielstand " ++ show s ++ " kann ich nichts anfangen."++start :: Int -> Html.Html+start saat =+   toHtml "Es beginnt" ++++   Html.simpleTable [] []+     (map (\orient ->+        map (\(gegenzug,spieler) ->+                labelAnchor+                    ("ZeilenSpalten?"+++                       erzeugeAnfrage ((10,10),saat,orient,gegenzug,[]))+                 << ("der "++spieler++" auf einer "++show orient++"."))+            [(False,"Mensch"),(True,"Computer")])+      [Spalte,Zeile]) Html.! [Html.border 2]+++komplett :: Html.Html -> Html.Html+komplett body =+   Html.header (Html.thetitle << "Zeilen und Spalten") ++++   Html.body body ++++   Html.br +++ labelAnchor "ZeilenSpalten" << "Nochmal von vorne!"++-- Maybe String wird gebraucht um zwischen "?" und "" zu unterscheiden+erzeuge :: Maybe String -> IO Html.Html+erzeuge =+   maybe (fmap start randomIO) (return . spiel)+++erzeugeAnfrage :: Beschreibung -> String+erzeugeAnfrage ((breite,hoehe),saat,orient,gegenzug,zuege) =+   CGI.formEncode $+      ("breite", show breite) :+      ("hoehe", show hoehe) :+      ("saat", show saat) :+      ("orient", show orient) :+      ("gegenzug", show gegenzug) :+      (if null zuege then [] else [("zuege", unwords $ map show zuege)]) +++      []++interpretiereAnfrage :: String -> Maybe Beschreibung+interpretiereAnfrage anfrage =+   let paare = CGI.formDecode anfrage+   in  do breite   <- readMaybe =<< List.lookup "breite" paare+          hoehe    <- readMaybe =<< List.lookup "hoehe" paare+          saat     <- readMaybe =<< List.lookup "saat" paare+          orient   <- readMaybe =<< List.lookup "orient" paare+          gegenzug <- readMaybe =<< List.lookup "gegenzug" paare+          zuege <-+             case List.lookup "zuege" paare of+                Nothing -> Just []+                Just zuegeText ->+                   mapM (\zugText ->+                      case zugText of+                         _:_:_:_ -> Nothing+                         _ -> readMaybe zugText) $+                   words zuegeText+          return ((breite,hoehe), saat, orient, gegenzug, zuege)+++main :: IO ()+main =+   putStr . Html.renderHtml . komplett =<< erzeuge . nullToMaybe =<< getLine