stringsearch-0.3.3: Data/ByteString/Lazy/Search/KarpRabin.hs
{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}
-- |
-- Module : Data.ByteString.Lazy.Search.KarpRabin
-- Copyright : (c) 2010 Daniel Fischer
-- Licence : BSD3
-- Maintainer : Daniel Fischer <daniel.is.fischer@googlemail.com>
-- Stability : Provisional
-- Portability : non-portable (BangPatterns)
--
-- Simultaneous search for multiple patterns in a lazy 'L.ByteString'
-- using the Karp-Rabin algorithm.
--
-- A description of the algorithm for a single pattern can be found at
-- <http://www-igm.univ-mlv.fr/~lecroq/string/node5.html#SECTION0050>.
module Data.ByteString.Lazy.Search.KarpRabin ( -- * Overview
-- $overview
-- ** Caution
-- $caution
-- * Function
indicesOfAny
) where
import qualified Data.ByteString as S
import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as L
import Data.ByteString.Unsafe (unsafeIndex)
import qualified Data.IntMap as IM
import Data.Array
import Data.Array.Base (unsafeAt)
import Data.Word (Word8)
import Data.Int (Int64)
import Data.Bits
import Data.List (foldl')
-- $overview
--
-- The Karp-Rabin algorithm works by calculating a hash of the pattern and
-- comparing that hash with the hash of a slice of the target string with
-- the same length as the pattern. If the hashes are equal, the slice of the
-- target is compared to the pattern character by character (since the hash
-- function generally isn't injective).
--
-- For a single pattern, this tends to be more efficient than the naïve
-- algorithm, but it cannot compete with algorithms like
-- Knuth-Morris-Pratt or Boyer-Moore.
--
-- However, the algorithm can be generalised to search for multiple patterns
-- simultaneously. If the shortest pattern has length @k@, hash the prefix of
-- length @k@ of all patterns and compare the hash of the target's slices of
-- length @k@ to them. If there's a match, check whether the slice is part
-- of an occurrence of the corresponding pattern.
--
-- With a hash-function that
--
-- * allows to compute the hash of one slice in constant time from the hash
-- of the previous slice, the new and the dropped character, and
--
-- * produces few spurious matches,
--
-- searching for occurrences of any of @n@ patterns has a best-case complexity
-- of /O/(@targetLength@ * @lookup n@). The worst-case complexity is
-- /O/(@targetLength@ * @lookup n@ * @sum patternLengths@), the average is
-- not much worse than the best case.
--
-- The functions in this module store the hashes of the patterns in an
-- 'IM.IntMap', so the lookup is /O/(@log n@). Re-hashing is done in constant
-- time and spurious matches of the hashes /should be/ sufficiently rare.
-- The maximal length of the prefixes to be hashed is 32.
-- $caution
--
-- Unfortunately, the constant factors are high, so these functions are slow.
-- Unless the number of patterns to search for is high (larger than 50 at
-- least), repeated search for single patterns using Boyer-Moore or DFA and
-- manual merging of the indices is faster. /Much/ faster for less than 40
-- or so patterns.
--
-- 'indicesOfAny' has the advantage over multiple single-pattern searches that
-- it doesn't hold on to large parts of the string (which is likely to happen
-- for multiple searches), however, so in contrast to the strict version, it
-- may be useful for relatively few patterns already.
--
-- Nevertheless, this module seems more of an interesting curiosity than
-- anything else.
-- | @indicesOfAny@ finds all occurrences of any of several non-empty strict
-- patterns in a lazy target string. If no non-empty patterns are given,
-- the result is an empty list. Otherwise the result list contains
-- the pairs of all indices where any of the (non-empty) patterns start
-- and the list of all patterns starting at that index, the patterns being
-- represented by their (zero-based) position in the pattern list.
-- Empty patterns are filtered out before processing begins.
{-# INLINE indicesOfAny #-}
indicesOfAny :: [S.ByteString] -- ^ List of non-empty patterns
-> L.ByteString -- ^ String to search
-> [(Int64,[Int])] -- ^ List of matches
indicesOfAny pats
| null nepats = const []
| otherwise = lazyMatcher nepats . L.toChunks
where
nepats = filter (not . S.null) pats
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Workers --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{-# INLINE rehash1 #-}
rehash1 :: Int -> Int -> Word8 -> Word8 -> Int
rehash1 out h o n =
(h `shiftL` 1 - (fromIntegral o `shiftL` out)) + fromIntegral n
{-# INLINE rehash2 #-}
rehash2 :: Int -> Int -> Word8 -> Word8 -> Int
rehash2 out h o n =
(h `shiftL` 2 - (fromIntegral o `shiftL` out)) + fromIntegral n
{-# INLINE rehash3 #-}
rehash3 :: Int -> Int -> Word8 -> Word8 -> Int
rehash3 out h o n =
(h `shiftL` 3 - (fromIntegral o `shiftL` out)) + fromIntegral n
{-# INLINE rehash4 #-}
rehash4 :: Int -> Int -> Word8 -> Word8 -> Int
rehash4 out h o n =
(h `shiftL` 4 - (fromIntegral o `shiftL` out)) + fromIntegral n
lazyMatcher :: [S.ByteString] -> [S.ByteString] -> [(Int64,[Int])]
lazyMatcher pats = search 0 hLen S.empty
where
!hLen = minimum (32 : map S.length pats)
!shDi = case 32 `quot` hLen of
q | q < 4 -> q
| otherwise -> 4
!outS = shDi*hLen
!patNum = length pats
!patArr = listArray (0, patNum - 1) pats
{-# INLINE rehash #-}
rehash :: Int -> Word8 -> Word8 -> Int
rehash = case shDi of
1 -> rehash1 hLen
2 -> rehash2 outS
3 -> rehash3 outS
_ -> rehash4 outS
hash :: S.ByteString -> Int
hash = S.foldl' (\h w -> (h `shiftL` shDi) + fromIntegral w) 0 . S.take hLen
!hashMap =
foldl' (\mp (h,i) -> IM.insertWith (flip (++)) h [i] mp) IM.empty $
zip (map hash pats) [0 :: Int .. ]
search _ _ _ [] = []
search !h !rm !prev (!str : rest)
| strLen < rm =
let !h' = S.foldl' (\o w -> (o `shiftL` 1) + fromIntegral w) h str
!prev' = S.append prev str
in search h' (rm - strLen) prev' rest
| otherwise =
let !h' = S.foldl' (\o w -> (o `shiftL` 1) + fromIntegral w) h
(S.take rm str)
in if S.null prev
then noPast 0 rest str h'
else past 0 rest prev 0 str rm h'
where
!strLen = S.length str
noPast !prior rest !str hsh = go hsh 0
where
!strLen = S.length str
!maxIdx = strLen - hLen
{-# INLINE strAt #-}
strAt !i = unsafeIndex str i
go !h sI =
case IM.lookup h hashMap of
Nothing ->
if sI == maxIdx
then case rest of
[] -> []
(nxt : more) ->
let !h' = rehash h (strAt sI) (unsafeIndex nxt 0)
!prior' = prior + fromIntegral strLen
!prev = S.drop (sI + 1) str
in if hLen == 1
then noPast prior' more nxt h'
else past prior' more prev 0 nxt 1 h'
else go (rehash h (strAt sI) (strAt (sI + hLen))) (sI + 1)
Just ps ->
let !rst = S.drop sI str
!rLen = strLen - sI
{-# INLINE hd #-}
hd = strAt sI
{-# INLINE more #-}
more =
if sI == maxIdx
then case rest of
[] -> []
(nxt : fut) ->
let !h' = rehash h hd (unsafeIndex nxt 0)
!prior' = prior + fromIntegral strLen
in if hLen == 1
then noPast prior' fut nxt h'
else past prior' fut rst 1 nxt 1 h'
else go (rehash h hd (strAt (sI + hLen))) (sI + 1)
okay bs
| rLen < S.length bs = S.isPrefixOf rst bs &&
checkFut (S.drop rLen bs) rest
| otherwise = S.isPrefixOf bs rst
in case filter (okay . (patArr `unsafeAt`)) ps of
[] -> more
qs -> seq (length qs) $
(prior + fromIntegral sI,qs) : more
past !prior rest !prev !pI !str !sI !hsh
| strLen < 4040 =
let !prior' = prior - 1 + fromIntegral (sI - hLen)
!curr = S.append (S.drop pI prev) str
in noPast prior' rest curr hsh
| otherwise = go hsh pI sI
where
!strLen = S.length str
{-# INLINE strAt #-}
strAt !i = unsafeIndex str i
{-# INLINE prevAt #-}
prevAt !i = unsafeIndex prev i
go !h !p !s
| s == hLen = noPast prior rest str h
| otherwise =
case IM.lookup h hashMap of
Nothing ->
let {-# INLINE h' #-}
h' = rehash h (prevAt p) (strAt s)
in go h' (p + 1) (s + 1)
Just ps ->
let !prst = S.drop p prev
{-# INLINE more #-}
more = go (rehash h (prevAt p) (strAt s)) (p + 1) (s + 1)
okay bs = checkFut bs (prst : str : rest)
in case filter (okay . (unsafeAt patArr)) ps of
[] -> more
qs -> seq (length qs) $
(prior + fromIntegral (s - hLen), qs) : more
{-# INLINE checkFut #-}
checkFut :: S.ByteString -> [S.ByteString] -> Bool
checkFut _ [] = False
checkFut !bs (!h : t)
| hLen < S.length bs = S.isPrefixOf h bs && checkFut (S.drop hLen bs) t
| otherwise = S.isPrefixOf bs h
where
!hLen = S.length h