{-|
Code for manipulation of equivalence classes on index types. An
'Equivalence' is an equivalence relation. The empty equivalence relation
is constructed over a ranges of values using 'emptyEquivalence'. Less
discerning equivalence relations can be obtained with 'equate' and
'equateAll'. The relation can be tested with 'equiv' and 'equivalent'.
An example follows:
> import Data.Equivalence.Persistent
>
> rel = equateAll [1,3,5,7,9]
> . equate 5 6
> . equate 2 4
> $ emptyEquivalence (1,10)
>
> test1 = equiv rel 3 5 -- This is True
> test2 = equiv rel 1 6 -- This is True
> test3 = equiv rel 4 6 -- This is False
-}
module Data.Equivalence.Persistent (
Equivalence,
emptyEquivalence,
domain,
equiv,
equivalent,
equate,
equateAll
)
where
import Control.Concurrent.MVar
import Control.Monad
import Data.Array.Diff
import Data.IORef
import Data.List
import Data.Maybe
import System.IO.Unsafe
arrayFrom :: (IArray a e, Ix i) => (i,i) -> (i -> e) -> a i e
arrayFrom rng f = array rng [ (x, f x) | x <- range rng ]
{-
Convenience method for building "transparent" references. These must
have the property that updating them makes no semantic change in their
value; otherwise, references really need to be created in an IO block.
-}
ref :: a -> IORef a
ref x = unsafePerformIO (newIORef x)
{-|
An 'Equivalence' is an equivalence relation on a range of values of some
index type.
-}
data Equivalence i = Equivalence {
ranks :: DiffArray i Int,
parents :: IORef (DiffArray i i)
}
{-|
'emptyEquivalence' is an equivalence relation that equates two values
only when they are equal to each other. It is the most discerning such
relation possible.
-}
emptyEquivalence :: Ix i => (i, i) -> Equivalence i
emptyEquivalence is = Equivalence (arrayFrom is (const 0))
(ref (arrayFrom is id))
{-|
Gets the domain of an equivalence relation, as the ordered pair of index
bounds.
-}
domain :: Ix i => Equivalence i -> (i, i)
domain (Equivalence rs _) = bounds rs
reprHelper :: Ix i => DiffArray i i -> i -> (Maybe (DiffArray i i), i)
reprHelper ps i
| pi == i = (Nothing, i)
| otherwise = let (ps', r) = reprHelper ps pi
in (Just (fromMaybe ps ps' // [(i,r)]), r)
where pi = ps ! i
{-
'repr' gives a canonical representative of the equivalence class
containing @x@. It is chosen arbitrarily, but is always the same for a
given class and 'Equivalence' value.
This is not exported, because clients that use this are doing something
wrong. Note that:
* The representative chosen depends on the order in which the
equivalence relation was built, and is not always the same for
values that represent the same relation.
* The representative is not particularly stable. Uses of 'equate' are
highly likely to change it.
* If all you need is some representative of the equivalence class,
you have to provide one as input to the function anyway, so you
may as well use that.
The only guarantee provided is that repr always returns the same value for
the exact same 'Equivalence'.
-}
repr :: Ix i => Equivalence i -> i -> i
repr (Equivalence rs vps) i = unsafePerformIO $ do
ps <- readIORef vps
let (ps', r) = reprHelper ps (ps ! i)
maybe (return ()) (writeIORef vps) ps'
return r
{-|
Determines if two values are equivalent under the given equivalence
relation.
-}
equiv :: Ix i => Equivalence i -> i -> i -> Bool
equiv eq x y = repr eq x == repr eq y
{-|
Determines if all of the given values are equivalent under the given
equivalence relation.
-}
equivalent :: Ix i => Equivalence i -> [i] -> Bool
equivalent eq [] = True
equivalent eq (x:xs) = all (== repr eq x) (map (repr eq) xs)
{-|
Construct the equivalence relation obtained by equating the given two
values. This combines equivalence classes.
-}
equate :: Ix i => i -> i -> Equivalence i -> Equivalence i
equate x y (Equivalence rs vps) = unsafePerformIO $ do
ps <- readIORef vps
let (ps', px) = reprHelper ps x
(ps'', py) = reprHelper (fromMaybe ps ps') y
psFinal <- case ps' of
Nothing -> do maybe (return ()) (writeIORef vps) ps''
return (fromMaybe ps ps'')
Just t -> do writeIORef vps (fromMaybe t ps'')
return (fromMaybe t ps'')
return (go px py psFinal)
where
go px py ps
| px == py = Equivalence rs vps
| rx > ry = let ps' = ps // [(py, px)]
in Equivalence rs (ref ps')
| rx < ry = let ps' = ps // [(px, py)]
in Equivalence rs (ref ps')
| otherwise = let ps' = ps // [(py, px)]
rs' = rs // [(px, (rx + 1))]
in Equivalence rs' (ref ps')
where rx = rs ! px
ry = rs ! py
{-|
Construct the equivalence relation obtained by equating all of the given
values. This combines equivalence classes.
-}
equateAll :: Ix i => [i] -> Equivalence i -> Equivalence i
equateAll [] eq = eq
equateAll (x:xs) eq = foldl' (flip (equate x)) eq xs