PDF.hs

{-# LANGUAGE NoImplicitPrelude #-}
{-# LANGUAGE CPP                 #-}
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings   #-}
{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
{- |
   Module      : Text.Pandoc.PDF
   Copyright   : Copyright (C) 2012-2019 John MacFarlane
   License     : GNU GPL, version 2 or above

   Maintainer  : John MacFarlane <jgm@berkeley.edu>
   Stability   : alpha
   Portability : portable

Conversion of LaTeX documents to PDF.
-}
module Text.Pandoc.PDF ( makePDF ) where

import Prelude
import qualified Codec.Picture as JP
import qualified Control.Exception as E
import Control.Monad (unless, when)
import Control.Monad.Trans (MonadIO (..))
import qualified Data.ByteString as BS
import Data.ByteString.Lazy (ByteString)
import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as BL
import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy.Char8 as BC
import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe)
import Data.Text (Text)
import qualified Data.Text as T
import System.Directory
import System.Environment
import System.Exit (ExitCode (..))
import System.FilePath
import System.IO (stdout)
import System.IO.Temp (withSystemTempDirectory, withTempDirectory,
                       withTempFile)
#if MIN_VERSION_base(4,8,3)
import System.IO.Error (IOError, isDoesNotExistError)
#else
import System.IO.Error (isDoesNotExistError)
#endif
import Text.Pandoc.Definition
import Text.Pandoc.Error (PandocError (PandocPDFProgramNotFoundError))
import Text.Pandoc.MIME (getMimeType)
import Text.Pandoc.Options (HTMLMathMethod (..), WriterOptions (..))
import Text.Pandoc.Process (pipeProcess)
import Text.Pandoc.Shared (inDirectory, stringify)
import qualified Text.Pandoc.UTF8 as UTF8
import Text.Pandoc.Walk (walkM)
import Text.Pandoc.Writers.Shared (getField, metaToJSON)
#ifdef _WINDOWS
import Data.List (intercalate)
#endif
import Data.List (isPrefixOf)
import Text.Pandoc.Class (PandocIO, extractMedia, fillMediaBag, getCommonState,
                          getVerbosity, putCommonState, report,
                          runIOorExplode, setVerbosity)
import Text.Pandoc.Logging

#ifdef _WINDOWS
changePathSeparators :: FilePath -> FilePath
changePathSeparators = intercalate "/" . splitDirectories
#endif

makePDF :: String              -- ^ pdf creator (pdflatex, lualatex, xelatex,
                               -- wkhtmltopdf, weasyprint, prince, context, pdfroff,
                               -- or path to executable)
        -> [String]            -- ^ arguments to pass to pdf creator
        -> (WriterOptions -> Pandoc -> PandocIO Text)  -- ^ writer
        -> WriterOptions       -- ^ options
        -> Pandoc              -- ^ document
        -> PandocIO (Either ByteString ByteString)
makePDF program pdfargs writer opts doc = do
  case takeBaseName program of
    "wkhtmltopdf" -> makeWithWkhtmltopdf program pdfargs writer opts doc
    prog | prog `elem` ["weasyprint", "prince"] -> do
      source <- writer opts doc
      verbosity <- getVerbosity
      liftIO $ html2pdf verbosity program pdfargs source
    "pdfroff" -> do
      source <- writer opts doc
      let args   = ["-ms", "-mpdfmark", "-e", "-t", "-k", "-KUTF-8", "-i",
                    "--no-toc-relocation"] ++ pdfargs
      verbosity <- getVerbosity
      liftIO $ generic2pdf verbosity program args source
    baseProg -> do
      commonState <- getCommonState
      verbosity <- getVerbosity
      -- latex has trouble with tildes in paths, which
      -- you find in Windows temp dir paths with longer
      -- user names (see #777)
      let withTempDir templ action = do
            tmp <- getTemporaryDirectory
            if '~' `elem` tmp
                   then withTempDirectory "." templ action
                   else withSystemTempDirectory templ action
      (newCommonState, res) <- liftIO $ withTempDir "tex2pdf." $ \tmpdir' -> do
#ifdef _WINDOWS
        -- note:  we want / even on Windows, for TexLive
        let tmpdir = changePathSeparators tmpdir'
#else
        let tmpdir = tmpdir'
#endif
        runIOorExplode $ do
          putCommonState commonState
          doc' <- handleImages tmpdir doc
          source <- writer opts doc'
          res <- case baseProg of
            "context" -> context2pdf verbosity program pdfargs tmpdir source
            prog | prog `elem` ["pdflatex", "lualatex", "xelatex", "latexmk"]
                -> tex2pdf verbosity program pdfargs tmpdir source
            _ -> return $ Left $ UTF8.fromStringLazy
                               $ "Unknown program " ++ program
          cs <- getCommonState
          return (cs, res)
      putCommonState newCommonState
      return res

makeWithWkhtmltopdf :: String              -- ^ wkhtmltopdf or path
                    -> [String]            -- ^ arguments
                    -> (WriterOptions -> Pandoc -> PandocIO Text)  -- ^ writer
                    -> WriterOptions       -- ^ options
                    -> Pandoc              -- ^ document
                    -> PandocIO (Either ByteString ByteString)
makeWithWkhtmltopdf program pdfargs writer opts doc@(Pandoc meta _) = do
  let mathArgs = case writerHTMLMathMethod opts of
                 -- with MathJax, wait til all math is rendered:
                      MathJax _ -> ["--run-script", "MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook('End Typeset', function() { window.status = 'mathjax_loaded' });",
                                    "--window-status", "mathjax_loaded"]
                      _ -> []
  meta' <- metaToJSON opts (return . stringify) (return . stringify) meta
  let toArgs (f, mbd) = maybe [] (\d -> ['-':'-':f, d]) mbd
  let args   = pdfargs ++ mathArgs ++ concatMap toArgs
                 [("page-size", getField "papersize" meta')
                 ,("title", getField "title" meta')
                 ,("margin-bottom", fromMaybe (Just "1.2in")
                            (getField "margin-bottom" meta'))
                 ,("margin-top", fromMaybe (Just "1.25in")
                            (getField "margin-top" meta'))
                 ,("margin-right", fromMaybe (Just "1.25in")
                            (getField "margin-right" meta'))
                 ,("margin-left", fromMaybe (Just "1.25in")
                            (getField "margin-left" meta'))
                 ,("footer-html", fromMaybe Nothing
                            (getField "footer-html" meta'))
                 ,("header-html", fromMaybe Nothing
                            (getField "header-html" meta'))
                 ]
  source <- writer opts doc
  verbosity <- getVerbosity
  liftIO $ html2pdf verbosity program args source

handleImages :: FilePath      -- ^ temp dir to store images
             -> Pandoc        -- ^ document
             -> PandocIO Pandoc
handleImages tmpdir doc =
  fillMediaBag doc >>=
    extractMedia tmpdir >>=
    walkM (convertImages tmpdir)

convertImages :: FilePath -> Inline -> PandocIO Inline
convertImages tmpdir (Image attr ils (src, tit)) = do
  img <- liftIO $ convertImage tmpdir src
  newPath <-
    case img of
      Left e -> do
        report $ CouldNotConvertImage src e
        return src
      Right fp -> return fp
  return (Image attr ils (newPath, tit))
convertImages _ x = return x

-- Convert formats which do not work well in pdf to png
convertImage :: FilePath -> FilePath -> IO (Either String FilePath)
convertImage tmpdir fname =
  case mime of
    Just "image/png" -> doNothing
    Just "image/jpeg" -> doNothing
    Just "application/pdf" -> doNothing
    -- Note: eps is converted by pdflatex using epstopdf.pl
    Just "application/eps" -> doNothing
    Just "image/svg+xml" -> E.catch (do
      (exit, _) <- pipeProcess Nothing "rsvg-convert"
                     ["-f","pdf","-a","-o",pdfOut,fname] BL.empty
      if exit == ExitSuccess
         then return $ Right pdfOut
         else return $ Left "conversion from SVG failed")
      (\(e :: E.SomeException) -> return $ Left $
          "check that rsvg-convert is in path.\n" ++
          show e)
    _ -> JP.readImage fname >>= \res ->
          case res of
               Left e    -> return $ Left e
               Right img ->
                 E.catch (Right pngOut <$ JP.savePngImage pngOut img) $
                     \(e :: E.SomeException) -> return (Left (show e))
  where
    pngOut = replaceDirectory (replaceExtension fname ".png") tmpdir
    pdfOut = replaceDirectory (replaceExtension fname ".pdf") tmpdir
    mime = getMimeType fname
    doNothing = return (Right fname)

tex2pdf :: Verbosity                       -- ^ Verbosity level
        -> String                          -- ^ tex program
        -> [String]                        -- ^ Arguments to the latex-engine
        -> FilePath                        -- ^ temp directory for output
        -> Text                            -- ^ tex source
        -> PandocIO (Either ByteString ByteString)
tex2pdf verbosity program args tmpDir source = do
  let numruns =
        if takeBaseName program == "latexmk"
           then 1
           else if "\\tableofcontents" `T.isInfixOf` source
                   then 3  -- to get page numbers
                   else 2  -- 1 run won't give you PDF bookmarks
  (exit, log', mbPdf) <- runTeXProgram verbosity program args 1 numruns
                          tmpDir source
  case (exit, mbPdf) of
       (ExitFailure _, _)      -> do
          let logmsg = extractMsg log'
          let extramsg =
                case logmsg of
                     x | "! Package inputenc Error" `BC.isPrefixOf` x
                           && program /= "xelatex"
                       -> "\nTry running pandoc with --pdf-engine=xelatex."
                     _ -> ""
          return $ Left $ logmsg <> extramsg
       (ExitSuccess, Nothing)  -> return $ Left ""
       (ExitSuccess, Just pdf) -> do
          missingCharacterWarnings verbosity log'
          return $ Right pdf

missingCharacterWarnings :: Verbosity -> ByteString -> PandocIO ()
missingCharacterWarnings verbosity log' = do
  let ls = BC.lines log'
  let isMissingCharacterWarning = BC.isPrefixOf "Missing character: "
  let warnings = [ UTF8.toStringLazy (BC.drop 19 l)
                 | l <- ls
                 , isMissingCharacterWarning l
                 ]
  setVerbosity verbosity
  mapM_ (report . MissingCharacter) warnings

-- parsing output

extractMsg :: ByteString -> ByteString
extractMsg log' = do
  let msg'  = dropWhile (not . ("!" `BC.isPrefixOf`)) $ BC.lines log'
  let (msg'',rest) = break ("l." `BC.isPrefixOf`) msg'
  let lineno = take 1 rest
  if null msg'
     then log'
     else BC.unlines (msg'' ++ lineno)

extractConTeXtMsg :: ByteString -> ByteString
extractConTeXtMsg log' = do
  let msg'  = take 1 $
              dropWhile (not . ("tex error" `BC.isPrefixOf`)) $ BC.lines log'
  if null msg'
     then log'
     else BC.unlines msg'

-- running tex programs

-- Run a TeX program on an input bytestring and return (exit code,
-- contents of stdout, contents of produced PDF if any).  Rerun
-- a fixed number of times to resolve references.
runTeXProgram :: Verbosity -> String -> [String] -> Int -> Int -> FilePath
              -> Text -> PandocIO (ExitCode, ByteString, Maybe ByteString)
runTeXProgram verbosity program args runNumber numRuns tmpDir' source = do
    let tmpDir =
          case [x | x <- args, "-outdir=" `isPrefixOf` x] of
            [x] -> drop 8 x
            _   -> tmpDir'
    liftIO $ createDirectoryIfMissing True tmpDir
    let file = tmpDir </> "input.tex"
    exists <- liftIO $ doesFileExist file
    unless exists $ liftIO $ BS.writeFile file $ UTF8.fromText source
    let programArgs =
          if takeBaseName program == "latexmk"
             then ["-interaction=batchmode", "-halt-on-error", "-pdf",
                   "-quiet", "-outdir=" ++ tmpDir] ++ args ++ [file]
             else ["-halt-on-error", "-interaction", "nonstopmode",
                   "-output-directory", tmpDir] ++ args ++ [file]
    env' <- liftIO getEnvironment
    let sep = [searchPathSeparator]
    let texinputs = maybe (tmpDir ++ sep) ((tmpDir ++ sep) ++)
          $ lookup "TEXINPUTS" env'
    let env'' = ("TEXINPUTS", texinputs) :
                ("TEXMFOUTPUT", tmpDir) :
                  [(k,v) | (k,v) <- env'
                         , k /= "TEXINPUTS" && k /= "TEXMFOUTPUT"]
    when (runNumber == 1 && verbosity >= INFO) $ liftIO $
      UTF8.readFile file >>=
       showVerboseInfo (Just tmpDir) program programArgs env''
    (exit, out) <- liftIO $ E.catch
      (pipeProcess (Just env'') program programArgs BL.empty)
      (\(e :: IOError) -> if isDoesNotExistError e
                             then E.throwIO $ PandocPDFProgramNotFoundError
                                   program
                             else E.throwIO e)
    when (verbosity >= INFO) $ liftIO $ do
      putStrLn $ "[makePDF] Run #" ++ show runNumber
      BL.hPutStr stdout out
      putStr "\n"
    if runNumber < numRuns
       then runTeXProgram verbosity program args (runNumber + 1) numRuns tmpDir source
       else do
         let pdfFile = replaceDirectory (replaceExtension file ".pdf") tmpDir
         pdfExists <- liftIO $ doesFileExist pdfFile
         pdf <- if pdfExists
                   -- We read PDF as a strict bytestring to make sure that the
                   -- temp directory is removed on Windows.
                   -- See https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/issues/1192.
                   then (Just . BL.fromChunks . (:[])) `fmap`
                        liftIO (BS.readFile pdfFile)
                   else return Nothing
         -- Note that some things like Missing character warnings
         -- appear in the log but not on stderr, so we prefer the log:
         let logFile = replaceExtension file ".log"
         logExists <- liftIO $ doesFileExist logFile
         log' <- if logExists
                    then liftIO $ BL.readFile logFile
                    else return out
         return (exit, log', pdf)

generic2pdf :: Verbosity
            -> String
            -> [String]
            -> Text
            -> IO (Either ByteString ByteString)
generic2pdf verbosity program args source = do
  env' <- getEnvironment
  when (verbosity >= INFO) $
    showVerboseInfo Nothing program args env' (T.unpack source)
  (exit, out) <- E.catch
    (pipeProcess (Just env') program args
                     (BL.fromStrict $ UTF8.fromText source))
    (\(e :: IOError) -> if isDoesNotExistError e
                           then E.throwIO $
                                  PandocPDFProgramNotFoundError program
                           else E.throwIO e)
  return $ case exit of
             ExitFailure _ -> Left out
             ExitSuccess   -> Right out


html2pdf  :: Verbosity    -- ^ Verbosity level
          -> String       -- ^ Program (wkhtmltopdf, weasyprint, prince, or path)
          -> [String]     -- ^ Args to program
          -> Text         -- ^ HTML5 source
          -> IO (Either ByteString ByteString)
html2pdf verbosity program args source = do
  -- write HTML to temp file so we don't have to rewrite
  -- all links in `a`, `img`, `style`, `script`, etc. tags,
  -- and piping to weasyprint didn't work on Windows either.
  file    <- withTempFile "." "html2pdf.html" $ \fp _ -> return fp
  pdfFile <- withTempFile "." "html2pdf.pdf" $ \fp _ -> return fp
  BS.writeFile file $ UTF8.fromText source
  let pdfFileArgName = ["-o" | takeBaseName program == "prince"]
  let programArgs = args ++ [file] ++ pdfFileArgName ++ [pdfFile]
  env' <- getEnvironment
  when (verbosity >= INFO) $
    UTF8.readFile file >>=
      showVerboseInfo Nothing program programArgs env'
  (exit, out) <- E.catch
    (pipeProcess (Just env') program programArgs BL.empty)
    (\(e :: IOError) -> if isDoesNotExistError e
                           then E.throwIO $
                                  PandocPDFProgramNotFoundError program
                           else E.throwIO e)
  removeFile file
  when (verbosity >= INFO) $ do
    BL.hPutStr stdout out
    putStr "\n"
  pdfExists <- doesFileExist pdfFile
  mbPdf <- if pdfExists
            -- We read PDF as a strict bytestring to make sure that the
            -- temp directory is removed on Windows.
            -- See https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/issues/1192.
            then do
              res <- (Just . BL.fromChunks . (:[])) `fmap` BS.readFile pdfFile
              removeFile pdfFile
              return res
            else return Nothing
  return $ case (exit, mbPdf) of
             (ExitFailure _, _)      -> Left out
             (ExitSuccess, Nothing)  -> Left ""
             (ExitSuccess, Just pdf) -> Right pdf

context2pdf :: Verbosity    -- ^ Verbosity level
            -> String       -- ^ "context" or path to it
            -> [String]     -- ^ extra arguments
            -> FilePath     -- ^ temp directory for output
            -> Text         -- ^ ConTeXt source
            -> PandocIO (Either ByteString ByteString)
context2pdf verbosity program pdfargs tmpDir source =
  liftIO $ inDirectory tmpDir $ do
    let file = "input.tex"
    BS.writeFile file $ UTF8.fromText source
    let programArgs = "--batchmode" : pdfargs ++ [file]
    env' <- getEnvironment
    when (verbosity >= INFO) $
      UTF8.readFile file >>=
        showVerboseInfo (Just tmpDir) program programArgs env'
    (exit, out) <- E.catch
      (pipeProcess (Just env') program programArgs BL.empty)
      (\(e :: IOError) -> if isDoesNotExistError e
                             then E.throwIO $
                                    PandocPDFProgramNotFoundError "context"
                             else E.throwIO e)
    when (verbosity >= INFO) $ do
      BL.hPutStr stdout out
      putStr "\n"
    let pdfFile = replaceExtension file ".pdf"
    pdfExists <- doesFileExist pdfFile
    mbPdf <- if pdfExists
              -- We read PDF as a strict bytestring to make sure that the
              -- temp directory is removed on Windows.
              -- See https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/issues/1192.
              then (Just . BL.fromChunks . (:[])) `fmap` BS.readFile pdfFile
              else return Nothing
    case (exit, mbPdf) of
         (ExitFailure _, _)      -> do
            let logmsg = extractConTeXtMsg out
            return $ Left logmsg
         (ExitSuccess, Nothing)  -> return $ Left ""
         (ExitSuccess, Just pdf) -> return $ Right pdf


showVerboseInfo :: Maybe FilePath
                -> String
                -> [String]
                -> [(String, String)]
                -> String
                -> IO ()
showVerboseInfo mbTmpDir program programArgs env source = do
  case mbTmpDir of
    Just tmpDir -> do
      putStrLn "[makePDF] temp dir:"
      putStrLn tmpDir
    Nothing -> return ()
  putStrLn "[makePDF] Command line:"
  putStrLn $ program ++ " " ++ unwords (map show programArgs)
  putStr "\n"
  putStrLn "[makePDF] Environment:"
  mapM_ print env
  putStr "\n"
  putStrLn $ "[makePDF] Source:"
  putStrLn source