Citeproc.hs

{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
{-# LANGUAGE StrictData #-}
{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
module Text.Pandoc.Citeproc
  ( processCitations,
    getReferences,
    getStyle
  )
where

import Citeproc
import Citeproc.Pandoc ()
import Text.Pandoc.Citeproc.Locator (parseLocator)
import Text.Pandoc.Citeproc.CslJson (cslJsonToReferences)
import Text.Pandoc.Citeproc.BibTeX (readBibtexString, Variant(..))
import Text.Pandoc.Citeproc.MetaValue (metaValueToReference, metaValueToText)
import Text.Pandoc.Readers.Markdown (yamlToRefs)
import qualified Text.Pandoc.BCP47 as BCP47
import Text.Pandoc.Builder (Inlines, Many(..), deleteMeta, setMeta)
import qualified Text.Pandoc.Builder as B
import Text.Pandoc.Definition as Pandoc
import Text.Pandoc.Class (PandocMonad(..), getResourcePath, getUserDataDir,
                          fetchItem, readDataFile, report, setResourcePath)
import Text.Pandoc.Error (PandocError(..))
import Text.Pandoc.Extensions (pandocExtensions)
import Text.Pandoc.Logging (LogMessage(..))
import Text.Pandoc.Options (ReaderOptions(..))
import Text.Pandoc.Shared (stringify, ordNub, blocksToInlines, tshow)
import qualified Text.Pandoc.UTF8 as UTF8
import Text.Pandoc.Walk (query, walk, walkM)
import Control.Applicative ((<|>))
import Control.Monad.Except (catchError, throwError)
import Control.Monad.State (State, evalState, get, put, runState)
import Data.Aeson (eitherDecode)
import Data.ByteString (ByteString)
import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as L
import Data.Char (isPunctuation, isUpper)
import Data.Default (Default(def))
import qualified Data.Foldable as Foldable
import qualified Data.Map as M
import Data.Maybe (mapMaybe, fromMaybe)
import Data.Ord ()
import qualified Data.Sequence as Seq
import qualified Data.Set as Set
import Data.Text (Text)
import qualified Data.Text as T
import System.FilePath (takeExtension)
import Safe (lastMay, initSafe)


processCitations  :: PandocMonad m => Pandoc -> m Pandoc
processCitations (Pandoc meta bs) = do
  style <- getStyle (Pandoc meta bs)

  mblang <- getLang meta
  let locale = Citeproc.mergeLocales mblang style

  refs <- getReferences (Just locale) (Pandoc meta bs)

  let otherIdsMap = foldr (\ref m ->
                             case T.words . extractText <$>
                                  M.lookup "other-ids"
                                      (referenceVariables ref) of
                                Nothing  -> m
                                Just ids -> foldr
                                  (\id' ->
                                    M.insert id' (referenceId ref)) m ids)
                          M.empty refs
  let meta' = deleteMeta "nocite" meta
  let citations = getCitations locale otherIdsMap $ Pandoc meta' bs


  let linkCites = maybe False truish $ lookupMeta "link-citations" meta
  let opts = defaultCiteprocOptions{ linkCitations = linkCites }
  let result = Citeproc.citeproc opts style (localeLanguage locale)
                  refs citations
  mapM_ (report . CiteprocWarning) (resultWarnings result)
  let sopts = styleOptions style
  let classes = "references" : -- TODO remove this or keep for compatibility?
                "csl-bib-body" :
                ["hanging-indent" | styleHangingIndent sopts]
  let refkvs = (case styleEntrySpacing sopts of
                   Just es | es > 0 -> (("entry-spacing",T.pack $ show es):)
                   _ -> id) .
               (case styleLineSpacing sopts of
                   Just ls | ls > 1 -> (("line-spacing",T.pack $ show ls):)
                   _ -> id) $ []
  let bibs = mconcat $ map (\(ident, out) ->
                     B.divWith ("ref-" <> ident,["csl-entry"],[]) . B.para .
                         walk (convertQuotes locale) .
                         insertSpace $ out)
                      (resultBibliography result)
  let moveNotes = maybe True truish $
                        lookupMeta "notes-after-punctuation" meta
  let cits = map (walk (convertQuotes locale)) $
               resultCitations result

  let fixQuotes = case localePunctuationInQuote locale of
                    Just True ->
                      B.toList . movePunctuationInsideQuotes .  B.fromList
                    _ -> id

  let metanocites = lookupMeta "nocite" meta
  let Pandoc meta'' bs' =
         maybe id (setMeta "nocite") metanocites .
         walk (map capitalizeNoteCitation .
                fixQuotes .  mvPunct moveNotes locale) .
         walk deNote .
         evalState (walkM insertResolvedCitations $ Pandoc meta' bs)
         $ cits
  return $ Pandoc meta''
         $ insertRefs refkvs classes meta''
            (walk fixLinks $ B.toList bibs) bs'

-- | Retrieve the CSL style specified by the csl or citation-style
-- metadata field in a pandoc document, or the default CSL style
-- if none is specified.  Retrieve the parent style
-- if the style is a dependent style.  Add abbreviations defined
-- in an abbreviation file if one has been specified.
getStyle :: PandocMonad m => Pandoc -> m (Style Inlines)
getStyle (Pandoc meta _) = do
  let cslfile = (lookupMeta "csl" meta <|> lookupMeta "citation-style" meta)
                >>= metaValueToText

  let getFile defaultExtension fp = do
        oldRp <- getResourcePath
        mbUdd <- getUserDataDir
        setResourcePath $ oldRp ++ maybe []
                                   (\u -> [u <> "/csl",
                                           u <> "/csl/dependent"]) mbUdd
        let fp' = if T.any (=='.') fp || "data:" `T.isPrefixOf` fp
                     then fp
                     else fp <> defaultExtension
        (result, _) <- fetchItem fp'
        setResourcePath oldRp
        return result

  let getCslDefault = readDataFile "default.csl"

  cslContents <- UTF8.toText <$> maybe getCslDefault (getFile ".csl") cslfile

  let abbrevFile = lookupMeta "citation-abbreviations" meta >>= metaValueToText

  mbAbbrevs <- case abbrevFile of
                 Nothing -> return Nothing
                 Just fp -> do
                   rawAbbr <- getFile ".json" fp
                   case eitherDecode (L.fromStrict rawAbbr) of
                     Left err -> throwError $ PandocCiteprocError $
                                 CiteprocParseError $
                                 "Could not parse abbreviations file " <> fp
                                 <> "\n" <> T.pack err
                     Right abbr -> return $ Just abbr

  let getParentStyle url = do
        -- first, try to retrieve the style locally, then use HTTP.
        let basename = T.takeWhileEnd (/='/') url
        UTF8.toText <$>
          catchError (getFile ".csl" basename) (\_ -> fst <$> fetchItem url)

  styleRes <- Citeproc.parseStyle getParentStyle cslContents
  case styleRes of
     Left err    -> throwError $ PandocAppError $ prettyCiteprocError err
     Right style -> return style{ styleAbbreviations = mbAbbrevs }


-- Retrieve citeproc lang based on metadata.
getLang :: PandocMonad m => Meta -> m (Maybe Lang)
getLang meta = maybe (return Nothing) bcp47LangToIETF
                 ((lookupMeta "lang" meta <|> lookupMeta "locale" meta) >>=
                   metaValueToText)

-- | Get references defined inline in the metadata and via an external
-- bibliography.  Only references that are actually cited in the document
-- (either with a genuine citation or with `nocite`) are returned.
-- URL variables are converted to links.
getReferences :: PandocMonad m
              => Maybe Locale -> Pandoc -> m [Reference Inlines]
getReferences mblocale (Pandoc meta bs) = do
  locale <- case mblocale of
                Just l  -> return l
                Nothing -> do
                  mblang <- getLang meta
                  case mblang of
                    Just lang -> return $ either mempty id $ getLocale lang
                    Nothing   -> return mempty

  let getCiteId (Cite cs _) = Set.fromList $ map B.citationId cs
      getCiteId _ = mempty
  let metanocites = lookupMeta "nocite" meta
  let nocites = maybe mempty (query getCiteId) metanocites
  let citeIds = query getCiteId (Pandoc meta bs)
  let idpred = if "*" `Set.member` nocites
                  then const True
                  else (`Set.member` citeIds)
  let inlineRefs = case lookupMeta "references" meta of
                    Just (MetaList rs) -> mapMaybe metaValueToReference rs
                    _                  -> []
  externalRefs <- case lookupMeta "bibliography" meta of
                    Just (MetaList xs) ->
                      mconcat <$>
                        mapM (getRefsFromBib locale idpred)
                          (mapMaybe metaValueToText xs)
                    Just x ->
                      case metaValueToText x of
                        Just fp -> getRefsFromBib locale idpred fp
                        Nothing -> return []
                    Nothing -> return []
  return $ map (linkifyVariables . legacyDateRanges)
               (externalRefs ++ inlineRefs)
            -- note that inlineRefs can override externalRefs



-- If we have a span.csl-left-margin followed by span.csl-right-inline,
-- we insert a space. This ensures that they will be separated by a space,
-- even in formats that don't have special handling for the display spans.
insertSpace :: Inlines -> Inlines
insertSpace ils =
  case Seq.viewl (unMany ils) of
    (Span ("",["csl-left-margin"],[]) xs) Seq.:< rest ->
      case Seq.lookup 0 rest of
        Just (Span ("",["csl-right-inline"],[]) _) ->
          Many $
            Span ("",["csl-left-margin"],[]) (xs ++ case lastMay xs of
                                                      Just Space -> []
                                                      _          -> [Space])
            Seq.<| rest
        _ -> ils
    _ -> ils

getRefsFromBib :: PandocMonad m
               => Locale -> (Text -> Bool) -> Text -> m [Reference Inlines]
getRefsFromBib locale idpred fp = do
  (raw, _) <- fetchItem fp
  case formatFromExtension (T.unpack fp) of
    Just f -> getRefs locale f idpred (Just fp) raw
    Nothing -> throwError $ PandocAppError $
                 "Could not determine bibliography format for " <> fp

getRefs :: PandocMonad m
        => Locale
        -> BibFormat
        -> (Text -> Bool)
        -> Maybe Text
        -> ByteString
        -> m [Reference Inlines]
getRefs locale format idpred mbfp raw = do
  let err' = throwError .
             PandocBibliographyError (fromMaybe mempty mbfp)
  case format of
    Format_bibtex ->
      either (err' . tshow) return .
        readBibtexString Bibtex locale idpred . UTF8.toText $ raw
    Format_biblatex ->
      either (err' . tshow) return .
        readBibtexString Biblatex locale idpred . UTF8.toText $ raw
    Format_json ->
      either (err' . T.pack)
             (return . filter (idpred . unItemId . referenceId)) .
        cslJsonToReferences $ raw
    Format_yaml -> do
      rs <- yamlToRefs idpred
              def{ readerExtensions = pandocExtensions }
              (T.unpack <$> mbfp)
              (L.fromStrict raw)
      return $ mapMaybe metaValueToReference rs

-- localized quotes
convertQuotes :: Locale -> Inline -> Inline
convertQuotes locale (Quoted qt ils) =
  case (M.lookup openterm terms, M.lookup closeterm terms) of
    (Just ((_,oq):_), Just ((_,cq):_)) ->
         Span ("",[],[]) (Str oq : ils ++ [Str cq])
    _ -> Quoted qt ils
  where
   terms = localeTerms locale
   openterm = case qt of
                DoubleQuote -> "open-quote"
                SingleQuote -> "open-inner-quote"
   closeterm = case qt of
                 DoubleQuote -> "close-quote"
                 SingleQuote -> "close-inner-quote"
convertQuotes _ x = x

-- assumes we walk in same order as query
insertResolvedCitations :: Inline -> State [Inlines] Inline
insertResolvedCitations (Cite cs ils) = do
  resolved <- get
  case resolved of
    [] -> return (Cite cs ils)
    (x:xs) -> do
      put xs
      return $ Cite cs (walk fixLinks $ B.toList x)
insertResolvedCitations x = return x

getCitations :: Locale
             -> M.Map Text ItemId
             -> Pandoc
             -> [Citeproc.Citation Inlines]
getCitations locale otherIdsMap = Foldable.toList . query getCitation
 where
  getCitation (Cite cs _fallback) = Seq.singleton $
    Citeproc.Citation { Citeproc.citationId = Nothing
                      , Citeproc.citationNoteNumber =
                          case cs of
                            []    -> Nothing
                            (Pandoc.Citation{ Pandoc.citationNoteNum = n }:
                               _) | n > 0     -> Just n
                                  | otherwise -> Nothing
                      , Citeproc.citationItems =
                           fromPandocCitations locale otherIdsMap cs
                      }
  getCitation _ = mempty

fromPandocCitations :: Locale
                    -> M.Map Text ItemId
                    -> [Pandoc.Citation]
                    -> [CitationItem Inlines]
fromPandocCitations locale otherIdsMap = concatMap go
 where
  go c =
    let (loclab, suffix) = parseLocator locale (citationSuffix c)
        (mblab, mbloc) = case loclab of
                           Just (loc, lab) -> (Just loc, Just lab)
                           Nothing         -> (Nothing, Nothing)
        cit = CitationItem
               { citationItemId = fromMaybe
                   (ItemId $ Pandoc.citationId c)
                   (M.lookup (Pandoc.citationId c) otherIdsMap)
               , citationItemLabel = mblab
               , citationItemLocator = mbloc
               , citationItemType = NormalCite
               , citationItemPrefix = case citationPrefix c of
                                        [] -> Nothing
                                        ils -> Just $ B.fromList ils <>
                                                      B.space
               , citationItemSuffix = case suffix of
                                        [] -> Nothing
                                        ils -> Just $ B.fromList ils
               }
     in if Pandoc.citationId c == "*"
           then []
           else
             case citationMode c of
                  AuthorInText   -> [ cit{ citationItemType = AuthorOnly
                                         , citationItemSuffix = Nothing }
                                    , cit{ citationItemType =
                                              Citeproc.SuppressAuthor
                                         , citationItemPrefix = Nothing } ]
                  NormalCitation -> [ cit ]
                  Pandoc.SuppressAuthor
                                 -> [ cit{ citationItemType =
                                              Citeproc.SuppressAuthor } ]



data BibFormat =
    Format_biblatex
  | Format_bibtex
  | Format_json
  | Format_yaml
  deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)

formatFromExtension :: FilePath -> Maybe BibFormat
formatFromExtension fp = case dropWhile (== '.') $ takeExtension fp of
                           "biblatex" -> Just Format_biblatex
                           "bibtex"   -> Just Format_bibtex
                           "bib"      -> Just Format_biblatex
                           "json"     -> Just Format_json
                           "yaml"     -> Just Format_yaml
                           _          -> Nothing


isNote :: Inline -> Bool
isNote (Note _)          = True
isNote (Cite _ [Note _]) = True
 -- the following allows citation styles that are "in-text" but use superscript
 -- references to be treated as if they are "notes" for the purposes of moving
 -- the citations after trailing punctuation (see <https://github.com/jgm/pandoc-citeproc/issues/382>):
isNote (Cite _ [Superscript _]) = True
isNote _                 = False

isSpacy :: Inline -> Bool
isSpacy Space     = True
isSpacy SoftBreak = True
isSpacy _         = False


mvPunct :: Bool -> Locale -> [Inline] -> [Inline]
mvPunct moveNotes locale (x : xs)
  | isSpacy x = x : mvPunct moveNotes locale xs
-- 'x [^1],' -> 'x,[^1]'
mvPunct moveNotes locale (q : s : x : ys)
  | isSpacy s
  , isNote x
  = let spunct = T.takeWhile isPunctuation $ stringify ys
    in  if moveNotes
           then if T.null spunct
                   then q : x : mvPunct moveNotes locale ys
                   else q : Str spunct : x : mvPunct moveNotes locale
                        (B.toList
                          (dropTextWhile isPunctuation (B.fromList ys)))
           else q : x : mvPunct moveNotes locale ys
-- 'x[^1],' -> 'x,[^1]'
mvPunct moveNotes locale (Cite cs ils : ys)
   | not (null ils)
   , isNote (last ils)
   , startWithPunct ys
   , moveNotes
   = let s = stringify ys
         spunct = T.takeWhile isPunctuation s
     in  Cite cs (init ils
                  ++ [Str spunct | not (endWithPunct False (init ils))]
                  ++ [last ils]) :
         mvPunct moveNotes locale
           (B.toList (dropTextWhile isPunctuation (B.fromList ys)))
mvPunct moveNotes locale (s : x : ys) | isSpacy s, isNote x =
  x : mvPunct moveNotes locale ys
mvPunct moveNotes locale (s : x@(Cite _ (Superscript _ : _)) : ys)
  | isSpacy s = x : mvPunct moveNotes locale ys
mvPunct moveNotes locale (Cite cs ils : Str "." : ys)
  | "." `T.isSuffixOf` (stringify ils)
  = Cite cs ils : mvPunct moveNotes locale ys
mvPunct moveNotes locale (x:xs) = x : mvPunct moveNotes locale xs
mvPunct _ _ [] = []

-- move https://doi.org etc. prefix inside link text (#6723):
fixLinks :: [Inline] -> [Inline]
fixLinks (Str t : Link attr [Str u1] (u2,tit) : xs)
  | u2 == t <> u1
  = Link attr [Str (t <> u1)] (u2,tit) : fixLinks xs
fixLinks (x:xs) = x : fixLinks xs
fixLinks [] = []


endWithPunct :: Bool -> [Inline] -> Bool
endWithPunct _ [] = False
endWithPunct onlyFinal xs@(_:_) =
  case reverse (T.unpack $ stringify xs) of
       []                       -> True
       -- covers .), .", etc.:
       (d:c:_) | isPunctuation d
                 && not onlyFinal
                 && isEndPunct c -> True
       (c:_) | isEndPunct c      -> True
             | otherwise         -> False
  where isEndPunct c = c `elem` (".,;:!?" :: String)



startWithPunct :: [Inline] -> Bool
startWithPunct ils =
  case T.uncons (stringify ils) of
    Just (c,_) -> c `elem` (".,;:!?" :: [Char])
    Nothing -> False

truish :: MetaValue -> Bool
truish (MetaBool t) = t
truish (MetaString s) = isYesValue (T.toLower s)
truish (MetaInlines ils) = isYesValue (T.toLower (stringify ils))
truish (MetaBlocks [Plain ils]) = isYesValue (T.toLower (stringify ils))
truish _ = False

isYesValue :: Text -> Bool
isYesValue "t" = True
isYesValue "true" = True
isYesValue "yes" = True
isYesValue _ = False

-- if document contains a Div with id="refs", insert
-- references as its contents.  Otherwise, insert references
-- at the end of the document in a Div with id="refs"
insertRefs :: [(Text,Text)] -> [Text] -> Meta -> [Block] -> [Block] -> [Block]
insertRefs _ _ _  []   bs = bs
insertRefs refkvs refclasses meta refs bs =
  if isRefRemove meta
     then bs
     else case runState (walkM go bs) False of
               (bs', True) -> bs'
               (_, False)
                 -> case refTitle meta of
                      Nothing ->
                        case reverse bs of
                          Header lev (id',classes,kvs) ys : xs ->
                            reverse xs ++
                            [Header lev (id',addUnNumbered classes,kvs) ys,
                             Div ("refs",refclasses,refkvs) refs]
                          _ -> bs ++ [refDiv]
                      Just ils -> bs ++
                        [Header 1 ("bibliography", ["unnumbered"], []) ils,
                         refDiv]
  where
   refDiv = Div ("refs", refclasses, refkvs) refs
   addUnNumbered cs = "unnumbered" : [c | c <- cs, c /= "unnumbered"]
   go :: Block -> State Bool Block
   go (Div ("refs",cs,kvs) xs) = do
     put True
     -- refHeader isn't used if you have an explicit references div
     let cs' = ordNub $ cs ++ refclasses
     return $ Div ("refs",cs',kvs) (xs ++ refs)
   go x = return x

refTitle :: Meta -> Maybe [Inline]
refTitle meta =
  case lookupMeta "reference-section-title" meta of
    Just (MetaString s)           -> Just [Str s]
    Just (MetaInlines ils)        -> Just ils
    Just (MetaBlocks [Plain ils]) -> Just ils
    Just (MetaBlocks [Para ils])  -> Just ils
    _                             -> Nothing

isRefRemove :: Meta -> Bool
isRefRemove meta =
  maybe False truish $ lookupMeta "suppress-bibliography" meta

legacyDateRanges :: Reference Inlines -> Reference Inlines
legacyDateRanges ref =
  ref{ referenceVariables = M.map go $ referenceVariables ref }
 where
  go (DateVal d)
    | null (dateParts d)
    , Just lit <- dateLiteral d
    = case T.splitOn "_" lit of
        [x,y] -> case Citeproc.rawDateEDTF (x <> "/" <> y) of
                   Just d' -> DateVal d'
                   Nothing -> DateVal d
        _ -> DateVal d
  go x = x

linkifyVariables :: Reference Inlines -> Reference Inlines
linkifyVariables ref =
  ref{ referenceVariables = M.mapWithKey go $ referenceVariables ref }
 where
  go "URL" x    = tolink "https://" x
  go "DOI" x    = tolink "https://doi.org/" (fixShortDOI x)
  go "ISBN" x   = tolink "https://worldcat.org/isbn/" x
  go "PMID" x   = tolink "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/" x
  go "PMCID" x  = tolink "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/" x
  go _ x        = x
  fixShortDOI x = let x' = extractText x
                  in  if "10/" `T.isPrefixOf` x'
                         then TextVal $ T.drop 3 x'
                              -- see https://shortdoi.org
                         else TextVal x'
  tolink pref x = let x' = extractText x
                      x'' = if "://" `T.isInfixOf` x'
                               then x'
                               else pref <> x'
                  in  if T.null x'
                         then x
                         else FancyVal (B.link x'' "" (B.str x'))

extractText :: Val Inlines -> Text
extractText (TextVal x)  = x
extractText (FancyVal x) = toText x
extractText (NumVal n)   = T.pack (show n)
extractText _            = mempty

capitalizeNoteCitation :: Inline -> Inline
capitalizeNoteCitation (Cite cs [Note [Para ils]]) =
  Cite cs
  [Note [Para $ B.toList $ addTextCase Nothing CapitalizeFirst
              $ B.fromList ils]]
capitalizeNoteCitation x = x

deNote :: [Inline] -> [Inline]
deNote [] = []
deNote (Note bs:rest) =
  Note (walk go bs) : deNote rest
 where
  go [] = []
  go (Cite (c:cs) ils : zs)
    | citationMode c == AuthorInText
      = Cite (c:cs) (concatMap (noteAfterComma (needsPeriod zs)) ils) : go zs
    | otherwise
      = Cite (c:cs) (concatMap noteInParens ils) : go zs
  go (x:xs) = x : go xs
  needsPeriod [] = True
  needsPeriod (Str t:_) = case T.uncons t of
                            Nothing    -> False
                            Just (c,_) -> isUpper c
  needsPeriod (Space:zs) = needsPeriod zs
  needsPeriod _ = False
  noteInParens (Note bs')
       = Space : Str "(" :
         removeFinalPeriod (blocksToInlines bs') ++ [Str ")"]
  noteInParens x = [x]
  noteAfterComma needsPer (Note bs')
       = Str "," : Space :
         (if needsPer
             then id
             else removeFinalPeriod) (blocksToInlines bs')
  noteAfterComma _ x = [x]
deNote (x:xs) = x : deNote xs

-- Note: we can't use dropTextWhileEnd indiscriminately,
-- because this would remove the final period on abbreviations like Ibid.
-- But it turns out that when the note citation ends with Ibid.
-- (or Ed. etc.), the last inline will be Str "" as a result of
-- the punctuation-fixing mechanism that removes the double '.'.
removeFinalPeriod :: [Inline] -> [Inline]
removeFinalPeriod ils =
  case lastMay ils of
    Just (Span attr ils')
      -> initSafe ils ++ [Span attr (removeFinalPeriod ils')]
    Just (Emph ils')
      -> initSafe ils ++ [Emph (removeFinalPeriod ils')]
    Just (Strong ils')
      -> initSafe ils ++ [Strong (removeFinalPeriod ils')]
    Just (SmallCaps ils')
      -> initSafe ils ++ [SmallCaps (removeFinalPeriod ils')]
    Just (Str t)
      | T.takeEnd 1 t == "." -> initSafe ils ++ [Str (T.dropEnd 1 t)]
      | isRightQuote (T.takeEnd 1 t)
        -> removeFinalPeriod
             (initSafe ils ++ [Str tInit | not (T.null tInit)]) ++ [Str tEnd]
             where
               tEnd  = T.takeEnd 1 t
               tInit = T.dropEnd 1 t
    _ -> ils
 where
  isRightQuote "\8221" = True
  isRightQuote "\8217" = True
  isRightQuote "\187"  = True
  isRightQuote _       = False

bcp47LangToIETF :: PandocMonad m => Text -> m (Maybe Lang)
bcp47LangToIETF bcplang =
  case BCP47.parseBCP47 bcplang of
    Left _ -> do
      report $ InvalidLang bcplang
      return Nothing
    Right lang ->
      return $ Just
             $ Lang (BCP47.langLanguage lang)
                    (if T.null (BCP47.langRegion lang)
                        then Nothing
                        else Just (BCP47.langRegion lang))