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mysql-haskell-1.2.0: src/Database/MySQL/Connection.hs

{-# LANGUAGE CPP #-}
{-# LANGUAGE PackageImports #-}

{-|
Module      : Database.MySQL.Connection
Description : Connection managment
Copyright   : (c) Winterland, 2016
License     : BSD
Maintainer  : drkoster@qq.com
Stability   : experimental
Portability : PORTABLE

This is an internal module, the 'MySQLConn' type should not directly acessed to user.

-}

module Database.MySQL.Connection
    ( module Database.MySQL.Connection
    ) where

import           Control.Exception               (Exception, bracketOnError,
                                                  throwIO, catch, SomeException)
import           Control.Monad
import qualified Crypto.Hash                     as Crypto
import qualified Data.Binary                     as Binary
import qualified Data.Binary.Put                 as Binary
import           Data.Bits
#if MIN_VERSION_crypton(1,1,0)
import qualified "ram" Data.ByteArray             as BA
#else
import qualified "memory" Data.ByteArray          as BA
#endif
import           Data.ByteString                 (ByteString)
import qualified Data.ByteString                 as B
import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy            as L
import qualified Data.ByteString.Unsafe          as B
import           Data.IORef                      (IORef, newIORef, readIORef,
                                                  writeIORef)
import           Data.Typeable
import           Data.Word
import           Database.MySQL.Protocol.Auth
import           Database.MySQL.Protocol.Command
import           Database.MySQL.Protocol.Packet
import           Network.Socket                  (HostName, PortNumber)
import           System.IO.Streams               (InputStream)
import qualified System.IO.Streams               as Stream
import qualified System.IO.Streams.TCP           as TCP
import qualified Data.Connection                 as TCP

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- | 'MySQLConn' wrap both 'InputStream' and 'OutputStream' for MySQL 'Packet'.
--
-- You shouldn't use one 'MySQLConn' in different thread, if you do that,
-- consider protecting it with a @MVar@.
--
data MySQLConn = MySQLConn {
        mysqlRead        :: {-# UNPACK #-} !(InputStream  Packet)
    ,   mysqlWrite       :: (Packet -> IO ())
    ,   mysqlCloseSocket :: IO ()
    ,   isConsumed       :: {-# UNPACK #-} !(IORef Bool)
    }

-- | Everything you need to establish a MySQL connection.
--
-- To setup a TLS connection, use module "Database.MySQL.TLS" or "Database.MySQL.OpenSSL".
--
data ConnectInfo = ConnectInfo
    { ciHost     :: HostName
    , ciPort     :: PortNumber
    , ciDatabase :: ByteString
    , ciUser     :: ByteString
    , ciPassword :: ByteString
    , ciCharset  :: Word8
    } deriving Show

-- | A simple 'ConnectInfo' targeting localhost with @user=root@ and empty password.
--
--  Default charset is set to @utf8_general_ci@ to support older(< 5.5.3) MySQL versions,
--  but be aware this is a partial utf8 encoding, you may want to use 'defaultConnectInfoMB4'
--  instead to support full utf8 charset(emoji, etc.). You can query your server's support
--  with @SELECT id, collation_name FROM information_schema.collations ORDER BY id;@
--
defaultConnectInfo :: ConnectInfo
defaultConnectInfo = ConnectInfo "127.0.0.1" 3306 "" "root" "" utf8_general_ci

-- | 'defaultConnectInfo' with charset set to @utf8mb4_unicode_ci@
--
-- This is recommanded on any MySQL server version >= 5.5.3.
--
defaultConnectInfoMB4 :: ConnectInfo
defaultConnectInfoMB4 = ConnectInfo "127.0.0.1" 3306 "" "root" "" utf8mb4_unicode_ci

utf8_general_ci :: Word8
utf8_general_ci = 33

utf8mb4_unicode_ci :: Word8
utf8mb4_unicode_ci = 224

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- | Socket buffer size.
--
-- maybe exposed to 'ConnectInfo' laster?
--
bUFSIZE :: Int
bUFSIZE = 16384

-- | Establish a MySQL connection.
--
connect :: ConnectInfo -> IO MySQLConn
connect = fmap snd . connectDetail

-- | Establish a MySQL connection with 'Greeting' back, so you can find server's version .etc.
--
connectDetail :: ConnectInfo -> IO (Greeting, MySQLConn)
connectDetail (ConnectInfo host port db user pass charset)
    = bracketOnError open TCP.close go
  where
    open  = connectWithBufferSize host port bUFSIZE
    go c  = do
        let is = TCP.source c
        is' <- decodeInputStream is
        p <- readPacket is'
        greet <- decodeFromPacket p
        let auth = mkAuth db user pass charset greet
        write c $ encodeToPacket 1 auth
        q <- readPacket is'
        completeAuth is' (write c) pass q plainFullAuth
        consumed <- newIORef True
        let waitNotMandatoryOK = catch
                (void (waitCommandReply is'))           -- server will either reply an OK packet
                ((\ _ -> return ()) :: SomeException -> IO ())   -- or directy close the connection
            conn = MySQLConn is'
                (write c)
                (writeCommand COM_QUIT (write c) >> waitNotMandatoryOK >> TCP.close c)
                consumed
        return (greet, conn)

    connectWithBufferSize h p bs = TCP.connectSocket h p >>= TCP.socketToConnection bs
    write c a = TCP.send c $ Binary.runPut . Binary.put $ a

mkAuth :: ByteString -> ByteString -> ByteString -> Word8 -> Greeting -> Auth
mkAuth db user pass charset greet =
    let salt = greetingSalt1 greet `B.append` greetingSalt2 greet
        plugin = greetingAuthPlugin greet
        scambleBuf = scrambleForPlugin plugin salt pass
    in Auth clientCap clientMaxPacketSize charset user scambleBuf db plugin

-- | Dispatch scramble based on the authentication plugin name.
scrambleForPlugin :: ByteString -> ByteString -> ByteString -> ByteString
scrambleForPlugin plugin salt pass
    | plugin == "caching_sha2_password" = scrambleSHA256 salt pass
    | otherwise                         = scrambleSHA1 salt pass

-- | SHA1-based scramble for @mysql_native_password@.
scrambleSHA1 :: ByteString -> ByteString -> ByteString
scrambleSHA1 salt pass
    | B.null pass = B.empty
    | otherwise   = B.pack (B.zipWith xor sha1pass withSalt)
    where sha1pass = sha1 pass
          withSalt = sha1 (salt `B.append` sha1 sha1pass)
          sha1 :: ByteString -> ByteString
          sha1 = BA.convert . (Crypto.hash :: ByteString -> Crypto.Digest Crypto.SHA1)

-- | SHA256-based scramble for @caching_sha2_password@.
-- XOR(SHA256(password), SHA256(SHA256(SHA256(password)) + nonce))
scrambleSHA256 :: ByteString -> ByteString -> ByteString
scrambleSHA256 salt pass
    | B.null pass = B.empty
    | otherwise   = B.pack (B.zipWith xor sha256pass withSalt)
    where sha256pass = sha256 pass
          withSalt   = sha256 (sha256 sha256pass `B.append` salt)
          sha256 :: ByteString -> ByteString
          sha256 = BA.convert . (Crypto.hash :: ByteString -> Crypto.Digest Crypto.SHA256)

-- | Handle multi-step authentication after sending the initial auth response.
--
-- This handles OK, ERR, AuthMoreData (0x01), and AuthSwitchRequest (0xFE).
-- The @fullAuth@ callback is invoked when the server requests full authentication
-- (e.g., cleartext password over TLS).
completeAuth :: InputStream Packet       -- ^ packet input stream
             -> (Packet -> IO ())        -- ^ packet writer
             -> ByteString               -- ^ password
             -> Packet                   -- ^ the first response packet from server
             -> (Word8 -> ByteString -> (Packet -> IO ()) -> InputStream Packet -> IO ())
                                         -- ^ full auth callback (seqN, password, writer, input)
             -> IO ()
completeAuth is writePacket pass p fullAuth
    | isOK p  = return ()
    | isERR p = decodeFromPacket p >>= throwIO . ERRException
    | isAuthMoreData p = do
        let body = L.toStrict (pBody p)
        case B.index body 1 of
            0x03 -> do  -- fast auth success, read the final OK
                ok <- readPacket is
                if isOK ok
                    then return ()
                    else decodeFromPacket ok >>= throwIO . ERRException
            0x04 -> do  -- full auth required
                fullAuth (pSeqN p + 1) pass writePacket is
            _    -> throwIO (UnexpectedPacket p)
    | isAuthSwitch p = do
        -- Parse AuthSwitchRequest: 0xFE, plugin name (NUL), salt
        let body = L.toStrict (pBody p)
            rest = B.drop 1 body  -- skip 0xFE
            (newPlugin, rest') = B.break (== 0) rest
            newSalt = B.drop 1 rest'  -- skip NUL; trailing NUL may or may not be present
            -- Remove trailing NUL from salt if present
            newSalt' = if not (B.null newSalt) && B.last newSalt == 0
                       then B.init newSalt
                       else newSalt
            scrambled = scrambleForPlugin newPlugin newSalt' pass
            seqN = pSeqN p + 1
            responseBody = L.fromStrict scrambled
            responsePacket = Packet (fromIntegral (B.length scrambled)) seqN responseBody
        writePacket responsePacket
        q <- readPacket is
        completeAuth is writePacket pass q fullAuth
    | otherwise = throwIO (UnexpectedPacket p)

-- | Full auth handler for plain TCP connections: throws an error because
-- caching_sha2_password full authentication requires a secure connection.
plainFullAuth :: Word8 -> ByteString -> (Packet -> IO ()) -> InputStream Packet -> IO ()
plainFullAuth _ _ _ _ =
    throwIO $ AuthException "caching_sha2_password full authentication requires a TLS connection. Use Database.MySQL.TLS to connect, or ensure the password verifier is cached (fast auth path)."

data AuthException = AuthException String deriving (Typeable, Show)
instance Exception AuthException

-- | A specialized 'decodeInputStream' here for speed
decodeInputStream :: InputStream ByteString -> IO (InputStream Packet)
decodeInputStream is = Stream.makeInputStream $ do
    bs <- Stream.readExactly 4 is
    let len =  fromIntegral (bs `B.unsafeIndex` 0)
           .|. fromIntegral (bs `B.unsafeIndex` 1) `shiftL` 8
           .|. fromIntegral (bs `B.unsafeIndex` 2) `shiftL` 16
        seqN = bs `B.unsafeIndex` 3
    body <- loopRead [] len is
    return . Just $ Packet len seqN body
  where
    loopRead acc 0 _  = return $! L.fromChunks (reverse acc)
    loopRead acc k is' = do
        bs <- Stream.read is'
        case bs of Nothing -> throwIO NetworkException
                   Just bs' -> do let l = fromIntegral (B.length bs')
                                  if l >= k
                                  then do
                                      let (a, rest) = B.splitAt (fromIntegral k) bs'
                                      unless (B.null rest) (Stream.unRead rest is')
                                      return $! L.fromChunks (reverse (a:acc))
                                  else do
                                      let k' = k - l
                                      k' `seq` loopRead (bs':acc) k' is'

-- | Close a MySQL connection.
--
close :: MySQLConn -> IO ()
close (MySQLConn _ _ closeSocket _) = closeSocket

-- | Send a 'COM_PING'.
--
ping :: MySQLConn -> IO OK
ping = flip command COM_PING

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- helpers

-- | Send a 'Command' which don't return a resultSet.
--
command :: MySQLConn -> Command -> IO OK
command conn@(MySQLConn is os _ _) cmd = do
    guardUnconsumed conn
    writeCommand cmd os
    waitCommandReply is
{-# INLINE command #-}

waitCommandReply :: InputStream Packet -> IO OK
waitCommandReply is = do
    p <- readPacket is
    if  | isERR p -> decodeFromPacket p >>= throwIO . ERRException
        | isOK  p -> decodeFromPacket p
        | otherwise -> throwIO (UnexpectedPacket p)
{-# INLINE waitCommandReply #-}

waitCommandReplys :: InputStream Packet -> IO [OK]
waitCommandReplys is = do
    p <- readPacket is
    if  | isERR p -> decodeFromPacket p >>= throwIO . ERRException
        | isOK  p -> do ok <- decodeFromPacket p
                        if isThereMore ok
                        then (ok :) <$> waitCommandReplys is
                        else return [ok]
        | otherwise -> throwIO (UnexpectedPacket p)
{-# INLINE waitCommandReplys #-}

readPacket :: InputStream Packet -> IO Packet
readPacket is = Stream.read is >>= maybe
    (throwIO NetworkException)
    (\ p@(Packet len _ bs) -> if len < 16777215 then return p else go len [bs])
  where
    go len acc = Stream.read is >>= maybe
        (throwIO NetworkException)
        (\ (Packet len' seqN bs) -> do
            let len'' = len + len'
                acc' = bs:acc
            if len' < 16777215
            then return (Packet len'' seqN (L.concat . reverse $ acc'))
            else len'' `seq` go len'' acc'
        )
{-# INLINE readPacket #-}

writeCommand :: Command -> (Packet -> IO ()) -> IO ()
writeCommand a writePacket = let bs = Binary.runPut (putCommand a) in
    go (L.length bs) 0 bs writePacket
  where
    go len seqN bs writePacket' = do
        if len < 16777215
        then writePacket (Packet len seqN bs)
        else do
            let (bs', rest) = L.splitAt 16777215 bs
                seqN' = seqN + 1
                len'  = len - 16777215

            writePacket (Packet 16777215 seqN bs')
            seqN' `seq` len' `seq` go len' seqN' rest writePacket'
{-# INLINE writeCommand #-}

guardUnconsumed :: MySQLConn -> IO ()
guardUnconsumed (MySQLConn _ _ _ consumed) = do
    c <- readIORef consumed
    unless c (throwIO UnconsumedResultSet)
{-# INLINE guardUnconsumed #-}

writeIORef' :: IORef a -> a -> IO ()
writeIORef' ref x = x `seq` writeIORef ref x
{-# INLINE writeIORef' #-}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Exceptions

data NetworkException = NetworkException deriving (Typeable, Show)
instance Exception NetworkException

data UnconsumedResultSet = UnconsumedResultSet deriving (Typeable, Show)
instance Exception UnconsumedResultSet

data ERRException = ERRException ERR deriving (Typeable, Show)
instance Exception ERRException

data UnexpectedPacket = UnexpectedPacket Packet deriving (Typeable, Show)
instance Exception UnexpectedPacket