ParserT.hs

{-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TupleSections #-}

-- | Extend a monad with the ability to parse symbol sequences
module Mini.Transformers.ParserT (
  -- * Types
  ParserT (
    ParserT
  ),
  ParseError (
    ParseError,
    unexpected
  ),

  -- * Runner
  runParserT,

  -- * Parsers
  sat,
  item,
  symbol,
  string,
  oneOf,
  noneOf,
  eof,
  peek,

  -- * Combinators
  sepBy,
  sepBy1,
  till,
  chainl1,
  chainr1,
  between,
  option,
  reject,
  accept,
  findFirst,
  findLast,
) where

import Control.Applicative (
  Alternative,
  empty,
  many,
  (<|>),
 )
import Control.Monad (
  ap,
  liftM,
  (>=>),
 )
import Control.Monad.IO.Class (
  MonadIO,
  liftIO,
 )
import Data.Bool (
  bool,
 )
import Mini.Transformers.Class (
  MonadTrans,
  lift,
 )
import Prelude (
  Applicative,
  Bool (
    True
  ),
  Either (
    Left,
    Right
  ),
  Eq,
  Foldable,
  Functor,
  Monad,
  MonadFail,
  Monoid,
  Semigroup,
  Show,
  String,
  Traversable,
  const,
  either,
  elem,
  fail,
  flip,
  fmap,
  fst,
  mempty,
  notElem,
  pure,
  show,
  traverse,
  ($),
  (*>),
  (.),
  (<$),
  (<$>),
  (<*),
  (<*>),
  (<>),
  (==),
  (>>=),
 )

{-
 - Types
 -}

-- | A transformer parsing symbols /s/, inner monad /m/, return /a/
newtype ParserT s m a = ParserT
  { runParserT :: [s] -> m (Either ParseError (a, [s]))
  -- ^ Unwrap a 'ParserT' computation with a sequence of symbols to parse
  }

instance (Monad m) => Functor (ParserT s m) where
  fmap = liftM

instance (Monad m) => Applicative (ParserT s m) where
  pure a = ParserT $ pure . Right . (a,)
  (<*>) = ap

-- | Parse @p@ or, if @p@ fails, backtrack and parse @q@ via @p \<|\> q@
instance (Monad m, Eq s) => Alternative (ParserT s m) where
  empty = fail empty
  m <|> n = ParserT $ \ss ->
    runParserT m ss
      >>= either
        (const $ runParserT n ss)
        (pure . Right)

instance (Monad m) => Monad (ParserT s m) where
  m >>= k =
    ParserT $
      runParserT m
        >=> either
          (pure . Left)
          (\(a, ss') -> runParserT (k a) ss')

instance MonadTrans (ParserT s) where
  lift m = ParserT $ \ss -> Right . (,ss) <$> m

-- | Combine the results of @p@ and @q@ via @p <> q@
instance (Monad m, Semigroup a) => Semigroup (ParserT s m a) where
  m <> n = (<>) <$> m <*> n

instance (Monad m, Monoid a) => Monoid (ParserT s m a) where
  mempty = pure mempty

instance (Monad m) => MonadFail (ParserT s m) where
  fail = ParserT . const . pure . Left . ParseError

instance (MonadIO m) => MonadIO (ParserT s m) where
  liftIO = lift . liftIO

-- | A parse error
newtype ParseError = ParseError {unexpected :: String}
  deriving (Show)

{-
 - Parsers
 -}

-- | Parse symbols satisfying a predicate
sat :: (Applicative m, Show s) => (s -> Bool) -> ParserT s m s
sat p = ParserT $ \case
  [] -> pure . Left $ ParseError []
  (s : ss) ->
    bool
      (pure . Left . ParseError $ show s)
      (pure $ Right (s, ss))
      $ p s

-- | Parse any symbol
item :: (Applicative m, Show s) => ParserT s m s
item = sat $ const True

-- | Parse a symbol
symbol :: (Applicative m, Show s, Eq s) => s -> ParserT s m s
symbol = sat . (==)

-- | Parse a sequence of symbols
string :: (Monad m, Traversable t, Show s, Eq s) => t s -> ParserT s m (t s)
string = traverse symbol

-- | Parse symbols included in a collection
oneOf :: (Applicative m, Foldable t, Show s, Eq s) => t s -> ParserT s m s
oneOf = sat . flip elem

-- | Parse symbols excluded from a collection
noneOf :: (Applicative m, Foldable t, Show s, Eq s) => t s -> ParserT s m s
noneOf = sat . flip notElem

-- | Parse successfully only at end of input
eof :: (Monad m, Show s) => ParserT s m ()
eof = reject item

-- | Parse the next symbol without consuming it
peek :: (Monad m, Show s) => ParserT s m s
peek = accept item

{-
 - Combinators
 -}

-- | Parse zero or more @p@ separated by @q@ via @p \`sepBy\` q@
sepBy :: (Monad m, Eq s) => ParserT s m a -> ParserT s m b -> ParserT s m [a]
sepBy p = option [] . sepBy1 p

-- | Parse one or more @p@ separated by @q@ via @p \`sepBy1\` q@
sepBy1 :: (Monad m, Eq s) => ParserT s m a -> ParserT s m b -> ParserT s m [a]
sepBy1 p sep = (:) <$> p <*> many (sep *> p)

-- | Parse zero or more @p@ until @q@ succeeds via @p \`till\` q@
till :: (Monad m, Eq s) => ParserT s m a -> ParserT s m b -> ParserT s m [a]
till p end = ([] <$ end) <|> ((:) <$> p <*> till p end)

-- | Parse one or more @p@ left-associatively chained by @f@ via @chainl1 p f@
chainl1
  :: (Monad m, Eq s)
  => ParserT s m a
  -> ParserT s m (a -> a -> a)
  -> ParserT s m a
chainl1 p f = p >>= go
 where
  go a = option a $ f <*> pure a <*> p >>= go

-- | Parse one or more @p@ right-associatively chained by @f@ via @chainr1 p f@
chainr1
  :: (Monad m, Eq s)
  => ParserT s m a
  -> ParserT s m (a -> a -> a)
  -> ParserT s m a
chainr1 p f = go
 where
  go = p >>= rest
  rest a = option a $ f <*> pure a <*> go >>= rest

-- | Parse @p@ enclosed by @a@ and @b@ via @between a b p@
between
  :: (Monad m)
  => ParserT s m open
  -> ParserT s m close
  -> ParserT s m a
  -> ParserT s m a
between open close p = open *> p <* close

-- | Parse @p@ returning @a@ in case of failure via @option a p@
option :: (Monad m, Eq s) => a -> ParserT s m a -> ParserT s m a
option a p = p <|> pure a

-- | Parse @p@, without consuming input, iff @p@ fails via @reject p@
reject :: (Monad m, Show a) => ParserT s m a -> ParserT s m ()
reject p = ParserT $ \ss ->
  runParserT p ss
    >>= either
      (const . pure $ Right ((), ss))
      (pure . Left . ParseError . show . fst)

-- | Parse @p@, without consuming input, iff @p@ succeeds via @accept p@
accept :: (Monad m) => ParserT s m a -> ParserT s m a
accept p = ParserT $ \ss ->
  runParserT p ss
    >>= either
      (pure . Left)
      (pure . Right . (,ss) . fst)

-- | Find and parse the first instance of @p@ via @findFirst p@
findFirst :: (Monad m, Eq s, Show s) => ParserT s m a -> ParserT s m a
findFirst p = p <|> (item *> findFirst p)

-- | Find and parse the last instance of @p@ via @findLast p@
findLast :: (Monad m, Eq s, Show s) => ParserT s m a -> ParserT s m a
findLast p = findFirst p >>= flip option (findLast p)