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language-puppet-1.3.4: Puppet/Interpreter.hs

{-# LANGUAGE GADTs        #-}
{-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase   #-}
{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes   #-}
module Puppet.Interpreter
       ( interpretCatalog
       , evaluateStatement
       , computeCatalog
       ) where

import           Control.Applicative
import           Control.Lens hiding (ignored)
import           Control.Monad.Except
import           Control.Monad.Operational        hiding (view)
import           Control.Monad.Trans.Except
import           Data.Char                        (isDigit)
import qualified Data.Either.Strict               as S
import           Data.Foldable                    (foldl', foldlM, toList)
import qualified Data.Graph                       as G
import qualified Data.HashMap.Strict              as HM
import qualified Data.HashSet                     as HS
import           Data.List                        (nubBy, sortBy)
import           Data.Maybe
import qualified Data.Maybe.Strict                as S
import           Data.Ord                         (comparing)
import           Data.Semigroup                   (Max(..))
import           Data.Text (Text)
import qualified Data.Text                        as T
import           Data.Traversable                 (for)
import qualified Data.Tree                        as T
import           Data.Tuple.Strict                (Pair (..))
import qualified Data.Vector                      as V
import           System.Log.Logger

import           Puppet.Interpreter.PrettyPrinter (containerComma)
import           Puppet.Interpreter.Resolve
import           Puppet.Interpreter.Types
import           Puppet.Interpreter.Utils
import           Puppet.Interpreter.IO
import           Puppet.Lens
import           Puppet.NativeTypes
import           Puppet.Parser.PrettyPrinter
import           Puppet.Parser.Types
import           Puppet.Parser.Utils
import           Puppet.PP
import           Puppet.Utils

{-| Call the operational 'interpretMonad' function to compute the catalog.
    Returns either an error, or a tuple containing all the resources,
    dependency map, exported resources, and defined resources alongside with
    all messages that have been generated by the compilation process.

    The later 'definedResources' (eg. all class declarations) are pulled out of the
    'InterpreterState' and might not be up to date.
    There are only useful for coverage testing (checking dependencies for instance).
-}
interpretCatalog :: Monad m
                 => InterpreterReader m -- ^ The whole environment required for computing catalog.
                 -> NodeName
                 -> Facts
                 -> Container Text -- ^ Server settings
                 -> m (Pair (S.Either PrettyError (FinalCatalog, EdgeMap, FinalCatalog, [Resource]))  [Pair Priority Doc])
interpretCatalog interpretReader node facts settings = do
    (output, _, warnings) <- interpretMonad interpretReader (initialState facts settings) (computeCatalog node)
    return (strictifyEither output :!: warnings)

isParent :: Text -> CurContainerDesc -> InterpreterMonad Bool
isParent cur (ContClass possibleparent) = preuse (scopes . ix cur . scopeParent) >>= \case
        Nothing         -> throwPosError ("Internal error: could not find scope" <+> ttext cur <+> "possible parent" <+> ttext possibleparent)
        Just S.Nothing  -> return False
        Just (S.Just p) -> if p == possibleparent
                               then return True
                               else isParent p (ContClass possibleparent)
isParent _ _ = return False

-- | Apply resource defaults, references overrides and expand defines
finalize :: [Resource] -> InterpreterMonad [Resource]
finalize rx = do
    scp  <- getScopeName
    resdefaults <- use (scopes . ix scp . scopeResDefaults)
    let getOver = use (scopes . ix scp . scopeOverrides) -- retrieves current overrides
        addResDefaults r = ifoldlM (addAttribute CantReplace) r resdefval
            where resdefval = resdefaults ^. ix (r ^. rid . itype) . resDefValues
        addOverrides r = getOver >>= foldlM addOverrides' r . view (at (r ^. rid))
        addOverrides' r (ResRefOverride _ prms p) = do
            -- we used this override, so we discard it
            scopes . ix scp . scopeOverrides . at (r ^. rid) .= Nothing
            let forb msg  = throwPosError ("Override of parameters ("
                                          <> list (map (ttext . fst) $ itoList prms)
                                          <> ") of the following resource is forbidden in the current context:"
                                          </> pretty r
                                          <+>  showPPos p
                                          </> ":"
                                          <+> msg)
            s <- getScope
            overrideType <- case r ^. rscope of
                                [] -> forb "Could not find the current resource context" -- we could not get the current resource context
                                (x:_) -> if x == s
                                             then return CantOverride -- we are in the same context : can't replace, but add stuff
                                             else isParent (scopeName s) x >>= \i ->
                                                if i || (r ^. rid . itype == "class")
                                                    then return Replace -- we can override what's defined in a parent
                                                    else forb "Can't override something that was not defined in the parent."
            ifoldlM (addAttribute overrideType) r prms
    -- step 1, apply resDefaults and resRefOverride
    withDefaults <- mapM (addOverrides >=> addResDefaults) rx
    -- There might be some overrides that could not be applied. The only
    -- valid reason is that they override something in exported resources.
    --
    -- it probably do something unexpected on defines, but let's keep it that way for now.
    let keepforlater (ResRefOverride resid resprms ropos) = resMod %= (appended : )
            where
               appended = ResourceModifier (resid ^. itype) ModifierMustMatch DontRealize (REqualitySearch "title" (PString (resid ^. iname))) overrider ropos
               overrider r = do
                   -- we must define if we can override the value
                   let canOverride = CantOverride -- TODO check inheritance
                   ifoldlM (addAttribute canOverride) r resprms
    void $ getOver >>= mapM keepforlater
    let expandableDefine r = do
            n <- isNativeType (r ^. rid . itype)
            -- if we have a native type, or a virtual/exported resource it
            -- should not be expanded !
            if n || r ^. rvirtuality /= Normal
                then return [r]
                else expandDefine r
    -- Now that all defaults / override have been applied, the defines can
    -- finally be expanded.
    -- The reason it has to be there is that parameters of the define could
    -- be affected.
    concat <$> mapM expandableDefine withDefaults
    where
        expandDefine :: Resource -> InterpreterMonad [Resource]
        expandDefine r = do
            let deftype = dropInitialColons (r ^. rid . itype)
                defname = r ^. rid . iname
                modulename = getModulename (r ^. rid)
                curContType = ContDefine deftype defname (r ^. rpos)
            p <- use curPos
            -- we add the relations of this define to the global list of relations
            -- before dropping it, so that they are stored for the final
            -- relationship resolving
            let extr = do
                    (dstid, linkset) <- itoList (r ^. rrelations)
                    link <- toList linkset
                    return (LinkInformation (r ^. rid) dstid link p)
            extraRelations <>= extr
            void $ enterScope SENormal curContType modulename p
            (spurious, stmt) <- interpretTopLevel TopDefine deftype
            DefineDecl _ defineParams stmts cp <- extractPrism "expandDefine" _DefineDecl stmt
            let isImported (ContImported _) = True
                isImported _ = False
            isImportedDefine <- isImported <$> getScope
            curPos .= r ^. rpos
            curscp <- getScope
            when isImportedDefine (pushScope (ContImport (r ^. rnode) curscp ))
            pushScope curContType
            ignored <- isIgnoredModule modulename
            out <- if ignored
                       then return mempty
                       else do
                            loadVariable "title" (PString defname)
                            loadVariable "name" (PString defname)
                            -- not done through loadvariable because of override errors
                            loadParameters (r ^. rattributes) defineParams cp S.Nothing
                            curPos .= cp
                            res <- evaluateStatementsFoldable stmts
                            finalize (spurious ++ res)
            when isImportedDefine popScope
            popScope
            return out

-- | Given a toplevel (type, name),
-- return the associated parsed statement together with its evaluated resources
interpretTopLevel :: TopLevelType -> Text -> InterpreterMonad ([Resource], Statement)
interpretTopLevel toptype topname =
    -- check if this is a known toplevel
    use (nestedDeclarations . at (toptype, topname)) >>= \case
        Just x -> return ([], x) -- it is known !
        Nothing -> singleton (GetStatement toptype topname) >>= evalTopLevel
    where
        evalTopLevel :: Statement -> InterpreterMonad ([Resource], Statement)
        evalTopLevel (TopContainer tops s) = do
            pushScope ContRoot
            r <- mapM evaluateStatement tops >>= finalize . concat
            -- popScope
            (nr, ns) <- evalTopLevel s
            popScope
            return (r <> nr, ns)
        evalTopLevel x = return ([], x)

-- | Main internal entry point, this function completes the interpretation
-- TODO: add some doc here
computeCatalog :: NodeName -> InterpreterMonad (FinalCatalog, EdgeMap, FinalCatalog, [Resource])
computeCatalog nodename = do
    (topres, stmt) <- interpretTopLevel TopNode nodename
    nd <- extractPrism "computeCatalog" _NodeDecl stmt
    let finalStep [] = return []
        finalStep allres = do
            -- collect stuff and apply thingies
            (realized :!: modified) <- realize allres
            -- we need to run it again against collected stuff, especially
            -- for custom types (defines) that have been realized
            refinalized <- finalize (toList modified) >>= finalStep
            -- replace the modified stuff
            let res = foldl' (\curm e -> curm & at (e ^. rid) ?~ e) realized refinalized
            return (toList res)

        mainstage = Resource (RIdentifier "stage" "main") mempty mempty mempty [ContRoot] Normal mempty dummyppos nodename

        evaluateNode :: NodeDecl -> InterpreterMonad [Resource]
        evaluateNode (NodeDecl _ sx inheritnode p) = do
            curPos .= p
            pushScope ContRoot
            unless (S.isNothing inheritnode) $ throwPosError "Node inheritance is not handled yet, and will probably never be"
            mapM evaluateStatement sx >>= finalize . concat

    noderes <- evaluateNode nd >>= finalStep . (++ (mainstage : topres))
    let (real :!: exported) = foldl' classify (mempty :!: mempty) noderes
        -- Classify sorts resources between exported and normal ones. It
        -- drops virtual resources, and puts in both categories resources
        -- that are at the same time exported and realized.
        classify :: Pair (HM.HashMap RIdentifier Resource) (HM.HashMap RIdentifier Resource)
                 -> Resource
                 -> Pair (HM.HashMap RIdentifier Resource) (HM.HashMap RIdentifier Resource)
        classify (curr :!: cure) r =
            let i curm = curm & at (r ^. rid) ?~ r
            in  case r ^. rvirtuality of
                    Normal   -> i curr :!: cure
                    Exported -> curr :!: i cure
                    ExportedRealized -> i curr :!: i cure
                    _ -> curr :!: cure
    verified <- HM.fromList . map (\r -> (r ^. rid, r)) <$> mapM validateNativeType (HM.elems real)
    withResourceDependentRelations <- traverse getResourceDependentRelations verified
    edgemap <- makeEdgeMap withResourceDependentRelations
    definedRes <- use definedResources
    return (withResourceDependentRelations, edgemap, exported, HM.elems definedRes)

-- | This extracts additional relationships between resources, that are
-- dependent on whether some resources are defined. A canonical example is
-- is the 'owner' field in a File, that can create problems if it's
-- defined!
--
-- For this reason, this function only adds dependencies when the resources
-- are defined.
getResourceDependentRelations :: Resource -> InterpreterMonad Resource
getResourceDependentRelations res = extract $ case res ^. rid . itype of
                                                  "file" -> [depOn "user" "owner", depOn "group" "group"]
                                                  "cron" -> [depOn "user" "user"]
                                                  "exec" -> [depOn "user" "user", depOn "group" "group"]
                                                  _ -> []
    where
        extract actions = do
            newrelations <- fmap (foldl' (HM.unionWith (<>)) (res ^. rrelations)) (sequence actions)
            return (res & rrelations .~ newrelations)
        depOn :: Text -> Text -> InterpreterMonad (HM.HashMap RIdentifier (HS.HashSet LinkType))
        depOn resType attributeName = case res ^? rattributes . ix attributeName of
                                              Just (PString usr) -> do
                                                  let targetResourceId = RIdentifier resType usr
                                                  existing <- has (ix targetResourceId) <$> use definedResources
                                                  return $ if existing
                                                               then HM.singleton targetResourceId (HS.singleton RRequire)
                                                               else HM.empty
                                              _ -> return HM.empty

makeEdgeMap :: FinalCatalog -> InterpreterMonad EdgeMap
makeEdgeMap ct = do
    -- merge the loaded classes and resources
    defs' <- HM.map (view rpos) <$> use definedResources
    clss' <- use loadedClasses
    let defs = defs' <> classes' <> aliases' <> names'
        names' = HM.map (view rpos) ct
        -- generate fake resources for all extra aliases
        aliases' = ifromList $ do
            r <- ct ^.. traversed :: [Resource]
            extraAliases <- r ^.. ralias . folded . filtered (/= r ^. rid . iname) :: [Text]
            return (r ^. rid & iname .~ extraAliases, r ^. rpos)
        classes' = ifromList $ do
            (cn, _ :!: cp) <- itoList clss'
            return (RIdentifier "class" cn, cp)
    -- Preparation step : all relations to a container become relations to
    -- the stuff that's contained. We build a map of resources, stored by
    -- container.
    -- step 1 - add relations that are stored in resources
    let reorderlink :: (RIdentifier, RIdentifier, LinkType) -> (RIdentifier, RIdentifier, LinkType)
        reorderlink (s, d, RRequire)   = (d, s, RBefore)
        reorderlink (s, d, RSubscribe) = (d, s, RNotify)
        reorderlink x = x
        addRR curmap r = iunionWith (<>) curmap newmap
            where
               -- compute the explicit resources, along with the container relationship
               newmap = ifromListWith (<>) resresources
               resid = r ^. rid
               respos = r ^. rpos
               resresources :: [(RIdentifier, [LinkInformation])]
               resresources = do
                   (rawdst, lts) <- itoList (r ^. rrelations)
                   lt <- toList lts
                   let (nsrc, ndst, nlt) = reorderlink (resid, rawdst, lt)
                   return (nsrc, [LinkInformation nsrc ndst nlt respos])
        step1 :: HM.HashMap RIdentifier [LinkInformation]
        step1 = foldl' addRR mempty ct
    -- step 2 - add other relations (mainly stuff made from the "->"
    -- operator)
    let realign (LinkInformation s d t p) =
            let (ns, nd, nt) = reorderlink (s, d, t)
            in  (ns, [LinkInformation ns nd nt p])
    rels <- map realign <$> use extraRelations
    let step2 = iunionWith (<>) step1 (ifromList rels)
    -- check that all resources are defined, and build graph
    let checkResDef :: (RIdentifier, [LinkInformation]) -> InterpreterMonad (RIdentifier, RIdentifier, [RIdentifier])
        checkResDef (ri, lifs) = do
            let checkExists r msg = do
                    let modulename = getModulename r
                    ignored <- isIgnoredModule modulename
                    unless (has (ix r) defs || ignored) (throwPosError msg)
                errmsg = "Unknown resource" <+> pretty ri <+> "used in the following relationships:" <+> vcat (map pretty lifs)
            checkExists ri errmsg
            let genlnk :: LinkInformation -> InterpreterMonad RIdentifier
                genlnk lif = do
                    let d = lif ^. linkdst
                    checkExists d ("Unknown resource" <+> pretty d <+> "used in a relation at" <+> showPPos (lif ^. linkPos))
                    return d
            ds <- mapM genlnk lifs
            return (ri, ri, ds)
    edgeList <- mapM checkResDef (itoList step2)
    let (graph, gresolver) = G.graphFromEdges' edgeList
    -- now check for scc
    let sccs = filter ((>1) . length . T.flatten) (G.scc graph)
    unless (null sccs) $ do
        let trees = vcat (map showtree sccs)
            showtree = indent 2 . vcat . map (mkp . gresolver) . T.flatten
            mkp (a,_,links) = resdesc <+> lnks
                where
                   resdesc = case ct ^. at a of
                       Just r -> pretty r
                       _      -> pretty a
                   lnks = pretty links
        throwPosError $ "Dependency error, the following resources are strongly connected!" </> trees
        -- let edgePairs = concatMap (\(_,k,ls) -> [(k,l) | l <- ls]) edgeList
        -- throwPosError (vcat (map (\(RIdentifier st sn, RIdentifier dt dn) -> "\"" <> ttext st <> ttext sn <> "\" -> \"" <> ttext dt <> ttext dn <> "\"") edgePairs))
    return step2

-- | This functions performs all the actions triggered by calls to the
-- realize function or other collectors. It returns a pair of
-- "finalcatalogs", where the first part is the new catalog, and the second
-- part the map of all modified resources. The second part is needed so
-- that we know for example which resources we should test for expansion
-- (custom types).
realize :: [Resource] -> InterpreterMonad (Pair FinalCatalog FinalCatalog)
realize rs = do
    let -- rma is the initial map of resources, indexed by resource identifier
        rma = ifromList (map (\r -> (r ^. rid, r)) rs)
        -- mutate runs all the resource modifiers (ie. realize, overrides
        -- and other collectors). It stores the modified resources on the
        -- "right" of the resulting pair.
        mutate :: Pair FinalCatalog FinalCatalog -> ResourceModifier -> InterpreterMonad (Pair FinalCatalog FinalCatalog)
        mutate (curmap :!: modified) rmod = do
            let filtrd = curmap ^.. folded . filtered fmod -- all the resources that match the selector/realize criteria
                vcheck f r = f (r ^. rvirtuality)
                (isGoodvirtuality, alterVirtuality) = case rmod ^. rmType of
                    RealizeVirtual   -> (vcheck (/= Exported), \r -> return (r & rvirtuality .~ Normal))
                    RealizeCollected -> (vcheck (`elem` [Exported, ExportedRealized]), \r -> return (r & rvirtuality .~ ExportedRealized))
                    DontRealize      -> (vcheck (`elem` [Normal, ExportedRealized]), return)
                fmod r = (r ^. rid . itype == rmod ^. rmResType) && checkSearchExpression (rmod ^. rmSearch) r && isGoodvirtuality r
                mutation = alterVirtuality >=> rmod ^. rmMutation
                applyModification :: Pair FinalCatalog FinalCatalog -> Resource -> InterpreterMonad (Pair FinalCatalog FinalCatalog)
                applyModification (cma :!: cmo) r = do
                    nr <- mutation r
                    let i m = m & at (nr ^. rid) ?~ nr
                    return $ if nr /= r
                                 then i cma :!: i cmo
                                 else cma :!: cmo
            result <- foldM applyModification (curmap :!: modified) filtrd -- apply the modifiation to all the matching resources
            when (rmod ^. rmModifierType == ModifierMustMatch && null filtrd) (throwError (PrettyError ("Could not apply this resource override :" <+> pretty rmod <> ",no matching resource was found.")))
            return result
        equalModifier (ResourceModifier a1 b1 c1 d1 _ e1) (ResourceModifier a2 b2 c2 d2 _ e2) = a1 == a2 && b1 == b2 && c1 == c2 && d1 == d2 && e1 == e2
    result <- use resMod >>= foldM mutate (rma :!: mempty) . reverse . nubBy equalModifier
    resMod .= []
    return result

-- | Fold all attribute declarations
-- checking for duplicates key locally inside a same resource.
fromAttributeDecls :: V.Vector AttributeDecl -> InterpreterMonad (Container PValue)
fromAttributeDecls = foldM resolve mempty
    where
        resolve acc (AttributeDecl k _ v) =
            case acc ^. at k of
                Just _ -> throwPosError ("Parameter" <+> dullyellow (ttext k) <+> "already defined!")
                Nothing -> do
                  pv <- resolveExpression v
                  return (acc & at k ?~ pv)

saveCaptureVariables :: InterpreterMonad (HM.HashMap T.Text (Pair (Pair PValue PPosition) CurContainerDesc))
saveCaptureVariables = do
    scp <- getScopeName
    vars <- use (scopes . ix scp . scopeVariables)
    return $ HM.filterWithKey (\k _ -> T.all isDigit k) vars

restoreCaptureVariables :: HM.HashMap T.Text (Pair (Pair PValue PPosition) CurContainerDesc) -> InterpreterMonad ()
restoreCaptureVariables vars = do
    scp <- getScopeName
    scopes . ix scp . scopeVariables %= HM.union vars . HM.filterWithKey (\k _ -> not (T.all isDigit k))

evaluateStatement :: Statement -> InterpreterMonad [Resource]
evaluateStatement r@(ClassDeclaration (ClassDecl cname _ _ _ _)) =
    if "::" `T.isInfixOf` cname
       then nestedDeclarations . at (TopClass, cname) ?= r >> return []
       else do
           scp <- getScopeName
           let rcname = if scp == "::"
                            then cname
                            else scp <> "::" <> cname
           nestedDeclarations . at (TopClass, rcname) ?= r
           return []
evaluateStatement r@(DefineDeclaration (DefineDecl dname _ _ _)) =
    if "::" `T.isInfixOf` dname
       then nestedDeclarations . at (TopDefine, dname) ?= r >> return []
       else do
           scp <- getScopeName
           if scp == "::"
               then nestedDeclarations . at (TopDefine, dname) ?= r >> return []
               else nestedDeclarations . at (TopDefine, scp <> "::" <> dname) ?= r >> return []
evaluateStatement r@(ResourceCollectionDeclaration (ResCollDecl ct rtype searchexp mods p)) = do
    curPos .= p
    unless (isEmpty mods || ct == Collector) (throwPosError ("It doesn't seem possible to amend attributes with an exported resource collector:" </> pretty r))
    when (rtype == "class") (throwPosError "Classes cannot be collected")
    rsearch <- resolveSearchExpression searchexp
    let et = case ct of
                 Collector         -> RealizeVirtual
                 ExportedCollector -> RealizeCollected
    resMod %= (ResourceModifier rtype ModifierCollector et rsearch (\r' -> foldM modifyCollectedAttribute r' mods) p : )
    -- Now collected from the PuppetDB !
    if et == RealizeCollected
        then do
            let q = searchExpressionToPuppetDB rtype rsearch
            fqdn <- getNodeName
            -- we must filter the resources that originated from this host
            -- here ! They are also turned into "normal" resources
            res <- toListOf (folded
                            . filtered ( hasn't (rnode . only fqdn) )
                            . to (rvirtuality .~ Normal)
                            ) <$> singleton (PDBGetResources q)
            scpdesc <- ContImported <$> getScope
            void $ enterScope SENormal scpdesc "importing" p
            pushScope scpdesc
            o <- finalize res
            popScope
            return o
        else return []
evaluateStatement (DependencyDeclaration (DepDecl (t1 :!: n1) (t2 :!: n2) lt p)) = do
    curPos .= p
    rn1 <- map (fixResourceName t1) <$> resolveExpressionStrings n1
    rn2 <- map (fixResourceName t2) <$> resolveExpressionStrings n2
    extraRelations <>= [ LinkInformation (normalizeRIdentifier t1 an1) (normalizeRIdentifier t2 an2) lt p | an1 <- rn1, an2 <- rn2 ]
    return []
evaluateStatement (ResourceDeclaration (ResDecl t ern eargs virt p)) = do
    curPos .= p
    resnames <- resolveExpressionStrings ern
    args <- fromAttributeDecls eargs
    concat <$> mapM (\n -> registerResource t n args virt p) resnames
evaluateStatement (MainFunctionDeclaration (MainFuncDecl funcname funcargs p)) = do
    curPos .= p
    mapM resolveExpression (toList funcargs) >>= mainFunctionCall funcname
evaluateStatement (VarAssignmentDeclaration (VarAssignDecl varname varexpr p)) = do
    curPos .= p
    varval <- resolveExpression varexpr
    loadVariable varname varval
    return []
evaluateStatement (ConditionalDeclaration (ConditionalDecl conds p)) = do
    curPos .= p
    let checkCond [] = return []
        checkCond ((e :!: stmts) : xs) = do
            sv <- saveCaptureVariables
            result <- pValue2Bool <$> resolveExpression e
            if result
                then evaluateStatementsFoldable stmts <* restoreCaptureVariables sv
                else restoreCaptureVariables sv *> checkCond xs
    checkCond (toList conds)
evaluateStatement (ResourceDefaultDeclaration (ResDefaultDecl rtype decls p)) = do
    curPos .= p
    rdecls <- fromAttributeDecls decls
    scp <- getScopeName
    -- invariant that must be respected : the current scope must be created
    -- in "scopes", or nothing gets saved
    preuse (scopes . ix scp) >>= maybe (throwPosError ("INTERNAL ERROR in evaluateStatement ResourceDefaultDeclaration: scope wasn't created - " <> pretty scp)) (const (return ()))
    let newDefaults = ResDefaults rtype scp rdecls p
        addDefaults x = scopes . ix scp . scopeResDefaults . at rtype ?= x
        -- default merging with parent
        mergedDefaults curdef = newDefaults & resDefValues .~ (rdecls <> (curdef ^. resDefValues))
    preuse (scopes . ix scp . scopeResDefaults . ix rtype) >>= \case
        Nothing -> addDefaults newDefaults
        Just d -> if d ^. resDefSrcScope == scp
                       then throwPosError ("Defaults for resource" <+> ttext rtype <+> "already declared at" <+> showPPos (d ^. resDefPos))
                       else addDefaults (mergedDefaults d)
    return []
evaluateStatement (ResourceOverrideDeclaration (ResOverrideDecl t urn eargs p)) = do
    curPos .= p
    raassignements <- fromAttributeDecls eargs
    rn <- resolveExpressionString urn
    scp <- getScopeName
    curoverrides <- use (scopes . ix scp . scopeOverrides)
    let rident = normalizeRIdentifier t rn
    -- check that we didn't already override those values
    withAssignements <- case curoverrides ^. at rident of
                            Just (ResRefOverride _ prevass prevpos) -> do
                                let cm = prevass `HM.intersection` raassignements
                                unless (isEmpty cm) (throwPosError ("The following parameters were already overriden at" <+> showPPos prevpos <+> ":" <+> containerComma cm))
                                return (prevass <> raassignements)
                            Nothing -> return raassignements
    scopes . ix scp . scopeOverrides . at rident ?= ResRefOverride rident withAssignements p
    return []
evaluateStatement (HigherOrderLambdaDeclaration (HigherOrderLambdaDecl c p)) = curPos .= p >> evaluateHFC c
    where
         evaluateHFC :: HOLambdaCall -> InterpreterMonad [Resource]
         evaluateHFC hf = do
             varassocs <- hfGenerateAssociations hf
             let runblock :: [(Text, PValue)] -> InterpreterMonad [Resource]
                 runblock assocs = do
                     saved <- hfSetvars assocs
                     res <- evaluateStatementsFoldable (hf ^. hoLambdaStatements)
                     hfRestorevars  saved
                     return res
             results <- mapM runblock varassocs
             return (concat results)
evaluateStatement r = throwError (PrettyError ("Do not know how to evaluate this statement:" </> pretty r))

-----------------------------------------------------------
-- Class evaluation
-----------------------------------------------------------

loadVariable ::  Text -> PValue -> InterpreterMonad ()
loadVariable varname varval = do
    curcont <- getCurContainer
    scp <- getScopeName
    p <- use curPos
    scopeDefined <- has (ix scp) <$> use scopes
    variableDefined <- preuse (scopes . ix scp . scopeVariables . ix varname)
    case (scopeDefined, variableDefined) of
        (False, _) -> throwPosError ("Internal error: trying to save a variable in unknown scope" <+> ttext scp)
        (_, Just (_ :!: pp :!: ctx)) -> isParent scp (curcont ^. cctype) >>= \case
                True -> do
                    debug("The variable"
                         <+> pretty (UVariableReference varname)
                         <+> "had been overriden because of some arbitrary inheritance rule that was set up to emulate puppet behaviour. It was defined at"
                         <+> showPPos pp
                         )
                    scopes . ix scp . scopeVariables . at varname ?= (varval :!: p :!: curcont ^. cctype)
                False -> throwPosError ("Variable" <+> pretty (UVariableReference varname) <+> "already defined at" <+> showPPos pp
                            </> "Context:" <+> pretty ctx
                            </> "Value:" <+> pretty varval
                            </> "Current scope:" <+> ttext scp
                            )
        _ -> scopes . ix scp . scopeVariables . at varname ?= (varval :!: p :!: curcont ^. cctype)

-- | This function loads class and define parameters into scope. It checks
-- that all mandatory parameters are set, that no extra parameter is
-- declared.
--
-- It is able to fill unset parameters with values from Hiera (for classes
-- only) or default values.
loadParameters :: Foldable f => Container PValue -> f (Pair Text (S.Maybe Expression)) -> PPosition -> S.Maybe T.Text -> InterpreterMonad ()
loadParameters params classParams defaultPos wHiera = do
    p <- use curPos
    curPos .= defaultPos
    let classParamSet        = HS.fromList (classParams ^.. folded . _1)
        spuriousParams       = ikeys params `HS.difference` classParamSet
        mclassdesc           = S.maybe mempty ((\x -> mempty <+> "when including class" <+> x) . ttext) wHiera

        -- the following functions `throwE (Max False)` when there is no value, and `throwE (Max True)` when this value
        -- in PUndef.
        checkUndef :: Maybe PValue -> ExceptT (Max Bool) InterpreterMonad PValue
        checkUndef Nothing = throwE (Max False)
        checkUndef (Just PUndef) = throwE (Max True)
        checkUndef (Just v) = return v

        checkHiera :: T.Text -> ExceptT (Max Bool) InterpreterMonad PValue
        checkHiera k = case wHiera of
                           S.Nothing -> throwE (Max False)
                           S.Just classname -> lift (runHiera (classname <> "::" <> k) Priority) >>= checkUndef

        checkDef :: T.Text -> ExceptT (Max Bool) InterpreterMonad PValue
        checkDef k = checkUndef (params ^. at k)

        checkDefault :: S.Maybe Expression -> ExceptT (Max Bool) InterpreterMonad PValue
        checkDefault S.Nothing = throwE (Max False)
        checkDefault (S.Just expr) = lift (resolveExpression expr)

    unless (isEmpty spuriousParams) $ throwPosError ("The following parameters are unknown:" <+> tupled (map (dullyellow . ttext) $ toList spuriousParams) <> mclassdesc)

    -- try to set a value to all parameters
    -- The order of evaluation is defined / hiera / default
    unsetParams <- fmap concat $ for (toList classParams) $ \(k :!: defValue) -> do
        ev <- runExceptT (checkDef k <|> checkHiera k <|> checkDefault defValue)
        case ev of
            Right v          -> loadVariable k v >> return []
            Left (Max True)  -> loadVariable k PUndef >> return []
            Left (Max False) -> return [k]
    curPos .= p
    unless (isEmpty unsetParams) $ throwPosError ("The following mandatory parameters were not set:" <+> tupled (map ttext $ toList unsetParams) <> mclassdesc)

-- | Enters a new scope, checks it is not already defined, and inherits the
-- defaults from the current scope
--
-- Inheriting the defaults is necessary for non native types, because they
-- will be expanded in "finalize", so if this was not done, we would be
-- expanding the defines without the defaults applied
enterScope :: ScopeEnteringContext
           -> CurContainerDesc
           -> Text
           -> PPosition
           -> InterpreterMonad Text
enterScope secontext cont modulename p = do
    let scopename = scopeName cont
    -- This is a special hack for inheritance, because at this time we
    -- have not properly stacked the scopes.
    curcaller <- case secontext of
                     SEParent l -> return (PString $ T.takeWhile (/=':') l)
                     _ -> resolveVariable "module_name"
    scopeAlreadyDefined <- has (ix scopename) <$> use scopes
    let isImported = case cont of
                         ContImported _ -> True
                         _ -> False
    -- it is OK to reuse a scope related to imported stuff
    unless (scopeAlreadyDefined && isImported) $ do
        when scopeAlreadyDefined (throwPosError ("Internal error: scope" <+> brackets (ttext scopename) <+> "already defined when loading scope for" <+> pretty cont))
        scp <- getScopeName
        -- TODO fill tags
        basescope <- case secontext of
            SEChild prt -> do
                parentscope <- use (scopes . at prt)
                when (isNothing parentscope) (throwPosError ("Internal error: could not find parent scope" <+> ttext prt))
                let Just psc = parentscope
                return (psc & scopeParent .~ S.Just prt)
            _ -> do
                curdefs <- use (scopes . ix scp . scopeResDefaults)
                return $ ScopeInformation mempty curdefs mempty (CurContainer cont mempty) mempty S.Nothing
        scopes . at scopename ?= basescope
    scopes . ix scopename . scopeVariables . at "caller_module_name" ?= (curcaller          :!: p :!: cont)
    scopes . ix "::"      . scopeVariables . at "calling_module"     ?= (curcaller          :!: p :!: cont)
    scopes . ix scopename . scopeVariables . at "module_name"        ?= (PString modulename :!: p :!: cont)
    debug ("enterScope, scopename=" <> ttext scopename <+> "caller_module_name=" <> pretty curcaller <+> "module_name=" <> ttext modulename)
    return scopename

loadClass :: Text
          -> S.Maybe Text -- ^ Set if this is an inheritance load, so that we can set calling module properly
          -> Container PValue
          -> ClassIncludeType
          -> InterpreterMonad [Resource]
loadClass name loadedfrom params incltype = do
    let name' = dropInitialColons name
    ndn <- getNodeName
    singleton (TraceEvent ('[' : T.unpack ndn ++ "] loadClass " ++ T.unpack name'))
    p <- use curPos
    -- check if the class has already been loaded
    -- http://docs.puppetlabs.com/puppet/3/reference/lang_classes.html#using-resource-like-declarations
    preuse (loadedClasses . ix name' . _2) >>= \case
        Just pp -> case incltype of
            ClassIncludeLike -> return []
            _ -> throwPosError ("Can't include class" <+> ttext name' <+> "twice when using the resource-like syntax (first occurence at"
                           <+> showPPos pp <> ")")
        Nothing -> do
            loadedClasses . at name' ?= (incltype :!: p)
            -- load the actual class, note we are not changing the current position right now
            (spurious, stmt) <- interpretTopLevel TopClass name'
            ClassDecl _ classParams inh stmts cp <- extractPrism "loadClass" _ClassDecl stmt
            -- check if we need to define a resource representing the class
            -- This will be the case for the first standard include
            inhstmts <- case inh of
                            S.Nothing     -> return []
                            S.Just ihname -> loadClass ihname (S.Just name') mempty ClassIncludeLike
            let !scopedesc = ContClass name'
                modulename = getModulename (RIdentifier "class" name')
                secontext = case (inh, loadedfrom) of
                                (S.Just x,_) -> SEChild (dropInitialColons x)
                                (_,S.Just x) -> SEParent (dropInitialColons x)
                                _ -> SENormal
            void $ enterScope secontext scopedesc modulename p
            classresource <- if incltype == ClassIncludeLike
                                 then do
                                     scp <- use curScope
                                     fqdn <- getNodeName
                                     return [Resource (RIdentifier "class" name') (HS.singleton name') mempty mempty scp Normal mempty p fqdn]
                                 else return []
            pushScope scopedesc
            ignored <- isIgnoredModule modulename
            out <- if ignored
                       then return mempty
                       else do
                            loadVariable "title" (PString name')
                            loadVariable "name" (PString name')
                            loadParameters params classParams cp (S.Just name')
                            curPos .= cp
                            res <- evaluateStatementsFoldable stmts
                            finalize (classresource ++ spurious ++ inhstmts ++ res)
            popScope
            return out

-----------------------------------------------------------
-- Resource stuff
-----------------------------------------------------------

addRelationship :: LinkType -> PValue -> Resource -> InterpreterMonad Resource
addRelationship lt (PResourceReference dt dn) r = return (r & rrelations %~ insertLt)
    where
        insertLt = iinsertWith (<>) (normalizeRIdentifier dt dn) (HS.singleton lt)
addRelationship lt (PArray vals) r = foldlM (flip (addRelationship lt)) r vals
addRelationship _ PUndef r = return r
addRelationship _ notrr _ = throwPosError ("Expected a resource reference, not:" <+> pretty notrr)

addTagResource :: Resource -> Text -> Resource
addTagResource r rv = r & rtags . contains rv .~ True

addAttribute :: OverrideType -> Text -> Resource -> PValue -> InterpreterMonad Resource
addAttribute _ "alias"     r v = (\rv -> r & ralias . contains rv .~ True) <$> resolvePValueString v
addAttribute _ "audit"     r _ = use curPos >>= \p -> warn ("Metaparameter audit ignored at" <+> showPPos p) >> return r
addAttribute _ "loglevel"  r _ = use curPos >>= \p -> warn ("Metaparameter loglevel ignored at" <+> showPPos p) >> return r
addAttribute _ "schedule"  r _ = use curPos >>= \p -> warn ("Metaparameter schedule ignored at" <+> showPPos p) >> return r
addAttribute _ "stage"     r _ = use curPos >>= \p -> warn ("Metaparameter stage ignored at" <+> showPPos p) >> return r
addAttribute _ "tag"       r (PArray v) = foldM (\cr cv -> addTagResource cr <$> resolvePValueString cv) r (toList v)
addAttribute _ "tag"       r v = addTagResource r <$> resolvePValueString v
addAttribute _ "before"    r d = addRelationship RBefore d r
addAttribute _ "notify"    r d = addRelationship RNotify d r
addAttribute _ "require"   r d = addRelationship RRequire d r
addAttribute _ "subscribe" r d = addRelationship RSubscribe d r
addAttribute b t r v = go t r v
    where
        go = case b of
                 CantOverride    -> setAttribute
                 Replace         -> overrideAttribute
                 CantReplace     -> defaultAttribute
                 AppendAttribute -> appendAttribute

setAttribute :: Text -> Resource -> PValue -> InterpreterMonad Resource
setAttribute attributename res value = case res ^. rattributes . at attributename of
    Nothing -> return (res & rattributes . at attributename ?~ value)
    Just curval -> do
        -- we must check if the resource scope is
        -- a parent of the current scope
        curscope <- getScopeName
        i <- isParent curscope (rcurcontainer res)
        if i
            -- TODO check why this is set
            then return (res & rattributes . at attributename ?~ value)
            else do
                -- We will not bark if the same attribute
                -- is defined multiple times with identical
                -- values.
                let errmsg = "Attribute" <+> dullmagenta (ttext attributename) <+> "defined multiple times for" <+> pretty res
                if curval == value
                    then checkStrict errmsg errmsg
                    else throwPosError errmsg
                return res

overrideAttribute :: Text -> Resource -> PValue -> InterpreterMonad Resource
overrideAttribute attributename res value = return (res & rattributes . at attributename ?~ value)

appendAttribute :: Text -> Resource -> PValue -> InterpreterMonad Resource
appendAttribute attributename res value = do
    nvalue <- case (res ^. rattributes . at attributename, value) of
                  (Nothing, _) -> return value
                  (Just (PArray a), PArray b) -> return (PArray (a <> b))
                  (Just (PArray a), b) -> return (PArray (V.snoc a b))
                  (Just a, PArray b) -> return (PArray (V.cons a b))
                  (Just a, b) -> return (PArray (V.fromList [a,b]))
    return (res & rattributes . at attributename ?~ nvalue)

defaultAttribute :: Text -> Resource -> PValue -> InterpreterMonad Resource
defaultAttribute attributename res value = return $ case res ^. rattributes . at attributename of
    Nothing -> res & rattributes . at attributename ?~ value
    Just _ -> res

modifyCollectedAttribute :: Resource -> AttributeDecl -> InterpreterMonad Resource
modifyCollectedAttribute res (AttributeDecl attributename arrowop expr) = do
    value <- resolveExpression expr
    let optype = case arrowop of
                     AppendArrow -> AppendAttribute
                     AssignArrow -> Replace
    addAttribute optype attributename res value

registerResource :: Text -> T.Text -> Container PValue -> Virtuality -> PPosition -> InterpreterMonad [Resource]
registerResource "class" _ _ Virtual p  = curPos .= p >> throwPosError "Cannot declare a virtual class (or perhaps you can, but I do not know what this means)"
registerResource "class" _ _ Exported p = curPos .= p >> throwPosError "Cannot declare an exported class (or perhaps you can, but I do not know what this means)"
registerResource t rn arg vrt p = do
    curPos .= p
    CurContainer cnt tgs <- getCurContainer
    -- default tags
    -- http://docs.puppetlabs.com/puppet/3/reference/lang_tags.html#automatic-tagging
    -- http://docs.puppetlabs.com/puppet/3/reference/lang_tags.html#containment
    let !defaulttags = {-# SCC "rrGetTags" #-} HS.fromList (t : classtags) <> tgs
        allsegs x = x : T.splitOn "::" x
        (!classtags, !defaultLink) = getClassTags cnt
        getClassTags (ContClass cn      ) = (allsegs cn,RIdentifier "class" cn)
        getClassTags (ContDefine dt dn _) = (allsegs dt,normalizeRIdentifier dt dn)
        getClassTags  ContRoot            = ([],RIdentifier "class" "::")
        getClassTags (ContImported _    ) = ([],RIdentifier "class" "::")
        getClassTags (ContImport _ _    ) = ([],RIdentifier "class" "::")
        defaultRelation = HM.singleton defaultLink (HS.singleton RRequire)
    allScope <- use curScope
    fqdn <- getNodeName
    let baseresource = Resource (normalizeRIdentifier t rn) (HS.singleton rn) mempty defaultRelation allScope vrt defaulttags p fqdn
    r <- ifoldlM (addAttribute CantOverride) baseresource arg
    let resid = normalizeRIdentifier t rn
    case t of
        "class" -> {-# SCC "rrClass" #-} do
            definedResources . at resid ?= r
            let attrs = r ^. rattributes
            fmap (r:) $ loadClass rn S.Nothing attrs ClassResourceLike
        _ -> {-# SCC "rrGeneralCase" #-}
            use (definedResources . at resid) >>= \case
                Just otheres -> throwPosError ("Resource" <+> pretty resid <+> "already defined:" </>
                                               pretty r </>
                                               pretty otheres
                                              )
                Nothing -> do
                    definedResources . at resid ?= r
                    return [r]


-- functions : this can't really be exported as it uses a lot of stuff from
-- this module ...
mainFunctionCall :: Text -> [PValue] -> InterpreterMonad [Resource]
mainFunctionCall "showscope" _ = use curScope >>= warn . pretty >> return []
-- The logging functions
mainFunctionCall "alert"   a = logWithModifier ALERT        red         a
mainFunctionCall "crit"    a = logWithModifier CRITICAL     red         a
mainFunctionCall "debug"   a = logWithModifier DEBUG        dullwhite   a
mainFunctionCall "emerg"   a = logWithModifier EMERGENCY    red         a
mainFunctionCall "err"     a = logWithModifier ERROR        dullred     a
mainFunctionCall "info"    a = logWithModifier INFO         green       a
mainFunctionCall "notice"  a = logWithModifier NOTICE       white       a
mainFunctionCall "warning" a = logWithModifier WARNING      dullyellow  a
mainFunctionCall "contain" includes = concat <$> mapM doContain includes
    where doContain e = do
            classname <- resolvePValueString e
            use (loadedClasses . at classname) >>= \case
                Nothing -> loadClass classname S.Nothing mempty ClassIncludeLike
                Just _ -> return [] -- TODO check that this happened after class declaration
mainFunctionCall "include" includes = concat <$> mapM doInclude includes
    where doInclude e = do
            classname <- resolvePValueString e
            loadClass classname S.Nothing mempty ClassIncludeLike
mainFunctionCall "create_resources" [t, hs] = mainFunctionCall "create_resources" [t, hs, PHash mempty]
mainFunctionCall "create_resources" [PString t, PHash hs, PHash defparams] = do
    let (ats, t') = T.span (== '@') t
    virtuality <- case T.length ats of
                      0 -> return Normal
                      1 -> return Virtual
                      2 -> return Exported
                      _ -> throwPosError "Too many @'s"
    p <- use curPos
    let genRes rname (PHash rargs) = registerResource t' rname (rargs <> defparams) virtuality p
        genRes rname x = throwPosError ("create_resource(): the value corresponding to key" <+> ttext rname <+> "should be a hash, not" <+> pretty x)
    concat . HM.elems <$> itraverse genRes hs
mainFunctionCall "create_resources" args = throwPosError ("create_resource(): expects between two and three arguments, of type [string,hash,hash], and not:" <+> pretty args)
mainFunctionCall "ensure_packages" args = ensurePackages args
mainFunctionCall "ensure_resource" args = ensureResource args
mainFunctionCall "realize" args = do
    pos <- use curPos
    let updateMod (PResourceReference t rn) = resMod %= (ResourceModifier t ModifierMustMatch RealizeVirtual (REqualitySearch "title" (PString rn)) return pos : )
        updateMod x = throwPosError ("realize(): all arguments must be resource references, not" <+> pretty x)
    mapM_ updateMod args
    return []
mainFunctionCall "tag" args = do
    scp <- getScopeName
    let addTag x = scopes . ix scp . scopeExtraTags . contains x .= True
    mapM_ (resolvePValueString >=> addTag) args
    return []
mainFunctionCall "fail" [x] = ("fail:" <+>) . dullred . ttext <$> resolvePValueString x >>= throwPosError
mainFunctionCall "fail" _ = throwPosError "fail(): This function takes a single argument"
mainFunctionCall "hiera_include" [x] = do
    ndname <- resolvePValueString x
    classes <- toListOf (traverse . _PArray . traverse) <$> runHiera ndname ArrayMerge
    p <- use curPos
    curPos . _1 . lSourceName <>= " [hiera_include call]"
    o <- mainFunctionCall "include" classes
    curPos .= p
    return o
mainFunctionCall "hiera_include" _ = throwPosError "hiera_include(): This function takes a single argument"
mainFunctionCall "dumpinfos" _ = do
    let prntline = logWriter ALERT
        indentln = (<>) "  "
    prntline "Scope stack :"
    scps <- use curScope
    mapM_ (prntline . indentln . pretty) scps
    prntline "Variables in local scope :"
    scp <- getScopeName
    vars <- use (scopes . ix scp . scopeVariables)
    forM_ (sortBy (comparing fst) (itoList vars)) $ \(idx, pv :!: _ :!: _) -> prntline $ indentln $ ttext idx <> " -> " <> pretty pv
    return []
mainFunctionCall fname args = do
    p <- use curPos
    let representation = MainFunctionDeclaration (MainFuncDecl fname mempty p)
    rs <- singleton (ExternalFunction fname args)
    unless (rs == PUndef) $ throwPosError ("This function call should return" <+> pretty PUndef <+> "and not" <+> pretty rs </> pretty representation)
    return []

ensurePackages :: [PValue] -> InterpreterMonad [Resource]
ensurePackages [packages] = ensurePackages [packages, PHash mempty]
ensurePackages [PString p, x] = ensurePackages [ PArray (V.singleton (PString p)), x ]
ensurePackages [PArray packages, PHash defparams] = do
    checkStrict "The use of the 'ensure_packages' function is a code smell."
                "The 'ensure_packages' function is not allowed in strict mode."
    concat <$> for packages (resolvePValueString >=> ensureResource' "package" (HM.singleton "ensure" "present" <> defparams))
ensurePackages [PArray _,_] = throwPosError "ensure_packages(): the second argument must be a hash."
ensurePackages [_,_] = throwPosError "ensure_packages(): the first argument must be a string or an array of strings."
ensurePackages _ = throwPosError "ensure_packages(): requires one or two arguments."

-- | Takes a resource type, title, and a hash of attributes that describe the resource
-- Create the resource if it does not exist alreadyTakes a resource type, title, and a hash of attributes that describe the resource(s).
ensureResource :: [PValue] -> InterpreterMonad [Resource]
ensureResource [PString t, PString title, PHash params] = do
    checkStrict "The use of the 'ensure_resource' function is a code smell."
                "The 'ensure_resource' function is not allowed in strict mode."
    ensureResource' t params title
ensureResource [t,title] = ensureResource [t,title,PHash mempty]
ensureResource [_, PString _, PHash _] = throwPosError "ensureResource(): The first argument must be a string."
ensureResource [PString _, _, PHash _] = throwPosError "ensureResource(): The second argument must be a string."
ensureResource [PString _, PString _, _] = throwPosError "ensureResource(): The thrid argument must be a hash."
ensureResource _ = throwPosError "ensureResource(): expects 2 or 3 arguments."

ensureResource' :: Text -> HM.HashMap T.Text PValue -> T.Text -> InterpreterMonad [Resource]
ensureResource' t params title = do
    isdefined <- has (ix (normalizeRIdentifier t title)) <$> use definedResources
    if isdefined
       then return []
       else use curPos >>= registerResource t title params Normal


-----------------------------------------------------------
-- Specific utils functions that depends on this modules
-----------------------------------------------------------

evaluateStatementsFoldable :: Foldable f => f Statement -> InterpreterMonad [Resource]
evaluateStatementsFoldable = fmap concat . mapM evaluateStatement . toList

-- A helper function for the various loggers
logWithModifier :: Priority -> (Doc -> Doc) -> [PValue] -> InterpreterMonad [Resource]
logWithModifier prio m [v] = do
    p <- use curPos
    v' <- resolvePValueString v
    logWriter prio (m (ttext v') <+> showPPos p)
    return []
logWithModifier _ _ _ = throwPosError "This function takes a single argument"