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http2-5.4.6: Network/HTTP2/H2/Receiver.hs

{-# LANGUAGE NamedFieldPuns #-}
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
{-# LANGUAGE PatternGuards #-}
{-# LANGUAGE RecordWildCards #-}
{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}

module Network.HTTP2.H2.Receiver (
    frameReceiver,
    closureClient,
    closureServer,
    sendPing,
) where

import Control.Concurrent
import Control.Concurrent.STM
import qualified Control.Exception as E
import qualified Data.ByteString as BS
import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as C8
import qualified Data.ByteString.Short as Short
import qualified Data.ByteString.UTF8 as UTF8
import Data.IORef
import Data.Void
import Network.Control
import Network.HTTP.Semantics
import qualified System.IO.Error as E
import qualified System.ThreadManager as T

import Imports hiding (delete, insert)
import Network.HTTP2.Frame
import Network.HTTP2.H2.Context
import Network.HTTP2.H2.EncodeFrame
import Network.HTTP2.H2.HPACK
import Network.HTTP2.H2.Queue
import Network.HTTP2.H2.Settings
import Network.HTTP2.H2.Stream
import Network.HTTP2.H2.StreamTable
import Network.HTTP2.H2.Types
import Network.HTTP2.H2.Window

----------------------------------------------------------------

continuationLimit :: Int
continuationLimit = 10

headerFragmentLimit :: Int
headerFragmentLimit = 51200 -- 50K

----------------------------------------------------------------

frameReceiver :: Context -> Config -> IO E.SomeException
frameReceiver ctx@Context{receiverDone} conf@Config{..} =
    E.mask $ \unmask -> do
        -- This catches an asynchronous exception.
        -- It is re-thrown by "runH2"
        mErr <- E.try $ unmask switch
        case mErr of
            Left err -> do
                atomically $ writeTVar receiverDone $ Just err
                return err
            Right x -> do
                absurd x -- We only terminate due to exceptions
  where
    switch :: IO Void
    switch = do
        labelMe "H2 receiver"
        tid <- myThreadId
        if confReadNTimeout
            then
                loop1
            else
                T.withHandle (threadManager ctx) (E.throwTo tid ConnectionIsTimeout) loop2

    loop1 :: IO Void
    loop1 = do
        hd <- confReadN frameHeaderLength -- throwing an exception on timeout
        when (BS.null hd) $ E.throwIO ConnectionIsClosed
        processFrame ctx conf $ decodeFrameHeader hd
        loop1

    loop2 :: T.Handle -> IO Void
    loop2 th = do
        -- If 'confReadN' is timeouted, 'ConnectionIsTimeout' is thrown
        -- to destroy the thread trees.
        hd <- confReadN frameHeaderLength
        T.tickle th
        when (BS.null hd) $ E.throwIO ConnectionIsClosed
        processFrame ctx conf $ decodeFrameHeader hd
        loop2 th

----------------------------------------------------------------

processFrame :: Context -> Config -> (FrameType, FrameHeader) -> IO ()
processFrame ctx _conf (fid, FrameHeader{streamId})
    | isServer ctx
        && isServerInitiated streamId
        && (fid `notElem` [FramePriority, FrameRSTStream, FrameWindowUpdate]) =
        E.throwIO $
            ConnectionErrorIsSent ProtocolError streamId "stream id should be odd"
processFrame ctx _conf (FramePushPromise, FrameHeader{streamId})
    | isServer ctx =
        E.throwIO $
            ConnectionErrorIsSent ProtocolError streamId "push promise is not allowed"
processFrame Context{..} conf (ftyp, FrameHeader{payloadLength, streamId})
    | ftyp > maxFrameType = do
        mx <- readIORef continued
        case mx of
            Nothing -> do
                -- ignoring unknown frame
                void $ readPayload conf payloadLength
            Just _ -> E.throwIO $ ConnectionErrorIsSent ProtocolError streamId "unknown frame"
processFrame ctx@Context{..} conf typhdr@(ftyp, header) = do
    -- My SETTINGS_MAX_FRAME_SIZE
    -- My SETTINGS_ENABLE_PUSH
    case checkFrameHeader typhdr of
        Left (FrameDecodeError ec sid msg) -> E.throwIO $ ConnectionErrorIsSent ec sid msg
        Right _ -> do
            let Settings{maxFrameSize, enablePush} = mySettings
                sid = streamId header
            when (payloadLength header > maxFrameSize) $
                E.throwIO $
                    ConnectionErrorIsSent FrameSizeError sid "exceeds maximum frame size"
            when (not enablePush && ftyp == FramePushPromise) $
                E.throwIO $
                    ConnectionErrorIsSent ProtocolError sid "push not enabled"
            controlOrStream ctx conf ftyp header

----------------------------------------------------------------

-- | Read a frame payload in full.
--
-- 'confReadN' answers with an empty string at end of input, so a payload that
-- comes back short means the peer hung up in the middle of the frame.  Saying
-- so here keeps every decoder below from being handed fewer bytes than the
-- frame header promised it.
readPayload :: Config -> Int -> IO ByteString
readPayload Config{..} len = do
    bs <- confReadN len
    when (BS.length bs /= len) $ E.throwIO ConnectionIsClosed
    return bs

controlOrStream :: Context -> Config -> FrameType -> FrameHeader -> IO ()
controlOrStream ctx@Context{..} conf ftyp header@FrameHeader{flags, streamId, payloadLength}
    | isControl streamId = do
        bs <- readPayload conf payloadLength
        control ftyp header bs ctx
    | ftyp == FramePushPromise = do
        bs <- readPayload conf payloadLength
        -- A promised stream can be refused over concurrency too, and by the
        -- time 'push' gets that far it has decoded the field block, so the
        -- same reasoning as 'resettable' applies: reset the promised stream
        -- and read on.  There is no 'Stream' to close -- it was refused
        -- before one was made -- so this resets by identifier alone.
        push header bs ctx `E.catch` resetPromised
    | otherwise = do
        mcont <- checkContinued
        mstrm <- getStream ctx ftyp streamId
        bs <- readPayload conf payloadLength
        case mcont of
            Just hc -> continuation hc bs mstrm
            Nothing ->
                case mstrm of
                    Just strm -> resettable strm $ do
                        state0 <- readStreamState strm
                        state <- stream ftyp header bs ctx state0 strm
                        processState state ctx strm streamId
                    Nothing
                        | ftyp == FramePriority -> do
                            -- for h2spec only
                            PriorityFrame newpri <- guardIt $ decodePriorityFrame header bs
                            checkPriority newpri streamId
                        | ftyp == FrameData ->
                            -- Dropped, but still paid for.
                            informIgnoredData ctx streamId payloadLength
                        | ftyp == FrameHeaders -> do
                            HeadersFrame _ frag <- guardIt $ decodeHeadersFrame header bs
                            if testEndHeader flags
                                then hpackDiscardHeader frag streamId ctx
                                else startHeaderBlock ctx streamId (testEndStream flags) frag
                        | otherwise -> return ()
  where
    resetContinued = writeIORef continued Nothing
    resetPromised (StreamErrorIsSent err sid _msg) =
        enqueueControl controlQ $ CFrames Nothing [resetFrame err sid]
    resetPromised e = E.throwIO e
    -- Answer a stream error by resetting that stream and reading on, which is
    -- what RFC 9113 section 5.4.2 asks for: "an error related to a specific
    -- stream that does not affect processing of other streams".
    --
    -- Safe only here, after the payload has been read and any field block in
    -- it decoded, so that the connection sits at a frame boundary and the
    -- HPACK tables still agree with the peer's.  Where neither holds -- a
    -- field block abandoned part-way, a stream refused before its payload was
    -- read -- the error is raised as a connection error where it is detected,
    -- and travels straight past this handler.
    resettable strm act = act `E.catch` reset
      where
        reset e@(StreamErrorIsSent err sid _msg) = do
            -- MadeYouReset: CVE-2025-8671.  A reset we send because of
            -- what the peer sent frees the stream's concurrency slot just as
            -- one the peer sends does, while a handler already launched for
            -- the stream runs on.  Counted with the peer's own resets, or a
            -- peer that never sends RST_STREAM -- a PRIORITY on the stream
            -- depending on itself is enough -- could keep any number of
            -- handlers running past SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS.
            --
            -- REFUSED_STREAM is left out: it launches nothing, and it is the
            -- answer section 8.7 means a peer to be able to retry.
            when (err /= RefusedStream) $ do
                rate <- getRate rstRate
                when (rate > rstRateLimit mySettings) $
                    E.throwIO $
                        ConnectionErrorIsSent EnhanceYourCalm sid "too many stream errors"
            resetContinued
            -- 'closed' hands the exception to whoever is reading the stream
            -- and takes it out of the stream table.
            closed ctx strm $ ResetByMe $ E.toException e
            enqueueControl controlQ $ CFrames Nothing [resetFrame err sid]
        reset e = E.throwIO e

    checkContinued :: IO (Maybe HeaderContinuation)
    checkContinued = do
        mx <- readIORef continued
        case mx of
            Nothing -> return ()
            Just hc
                | hcStreamId hc == streamId && ftyp == FrameContinuation -> return ()
                | otherwise ->
                    E.throwIO $
                        ConnectionErrorIsSent ProtocolError streamId "continuation frame must follow"
        return mx

    continuation
        :: HeaderContinuation -> HeaderBlockFragment -> Maybe Stream -> IO ()
    continuation hc frag mstrm
        | frag == "" && not (testEndHeader flags) = do
            -- Empty Frame Flooding - CVE-2019-9518
            rate <- getRate emptyFrameRate
            when (rate > emptyFrameRateLimit mySettings) $
                E.throwIO $
                    ConnectionErrorIsSent EnhanceYourCalm streamId "too many empty continuation"
        | otherwise = do
            phb' <- addFragment streamId frag (hcBlock hc)
            if testEndHeader flags
                then completeBlock hc (completeHeaderBlock phb') mstrm
                else writeIORef continued $ Just hc{hcBlock = phb'}

    completeBlock
        :: HeaderContinuation -> HeaderBlockFragment -> Maybe Stream -> IO ()
    completeBlock hc blk mstrm = do
        resetContinued
        case mstrm of
            Just strm -> resettable strm $ do
                state0 <- readStreamState strm
                case state0 of
                    Open hcl JustOpened -> do
                        tbl <- hpackDecodeHeader blk streamId ctx
                        state <- onResponseHeaders ctx streamId hcl (hcEndOfStream hc) tbl
                        processState state ctx strm streamId
                    Open _ (Body q _ _ tlr) -> do
                        state <- onTrailers ctx streamId blk q tlr
                        processState state ctx strm streamId
                    _otherwise ->
                        -- The block began on a stream that was open for
                        -- headers or trailers, and the sender has since
                        -- closed it -- a reset crossing the block.  There is
                        -- nothing to deliver, but the block still has to go
                        -- through the decoder, since it may have changed the
                        -- dynamic table.  Handing it to 'stream' as a
                        -- CONTINUATION would get it refused as one that
                        -- cannot come here, closing the connection.
                        hpackDiscardHeader blk streamId ctx
            Nothing ->
                hpackDiscardHeader blk streamId ctx

-- | Is this a response that is defined to have no content?
--
-- RFC 9113, section 8.1.1: "A response that is defined to have no content,
-- as described in Section 6.4.1 of [HTTP], can have a non-zero
-- content-length header field, even though no content is included in DATA
-- frames."  Those are the responses to HEAD, 204 and 304, and 2xx to
-- CONNECT; the content-length of one to HEAD, in particular, is that of the
-- content a GET would have had.  Checking it against the content that
-- arrived made every such response to HEAD a stream error.
hasNoContent :: Context -> Stream -> ValueTable -> IO Bool
hasNoContent ctx Stream{streamRequestMethod} vt
    | isServer ctx = return False
    | otherwise = do
        mmethod <- readIORef streamRequestMethod
        let status = getFieldValue tokenStatus vt
        return $
            mmethod == Just "HEAD"
                || status `elem` [Just "204", Just "304"]
                || (mmethod == Just "CONNECT" && maybe False ("2" `BS.isPrefixOf`) status)

----------------------------------------------------------------

processState :: StreamState -> Context -> Stream -> StreamId -> IO ()
-- Transition (process1)
processState (Open _ (NoBody tbl@(_, reqvt))) ctx@Context{..} strm@Stream{streamInput} streamId = do
    -- My SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS
    when (isServer ctx) $ checkOddConcurrency ctx streamId
    noContent <- hasNoContent ctx strm reqvt
    let mcl = fst <$> (getFieldValue tokenContentLength reqvt >>= C8.readInt)
    when (not noContent && just mcl (/= (0 :: Int))) $
        E.throwIO $
            StreamErrorIsSent
                ProtocolError
                streamId
                "no body but content-length is not zero"
    tlr <- newIORef Nothing
    let inpObj = InpObj tbl (Just 0) (return (mempty, True)) tlr
    if isServer ctx
        then do
            let ServerInfo{..} = toServerInfo roleInfo
            launch ctx strm inpObj
        else putMVar streamInput $ Right inpObj
    halfClosedRemote ctx strm

-- Transition (process2)
processState (Open _ (HasBody tbl@(_, reqvt))) ctx@Context{..} strm@Stream{streamInput, streamRxQ} _streamId = do
    -- My SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS
    when (isServer ctx) $ checkOddConcurrency ctx _streamId
    noContent <- hasNoContent ctx strm reqvt
    let mcl
            -- Its content-length describes content it does not have.
            | noContent = Just 0
            | otherwise = fst <$> (getFieldValue tokenContentLength reqvt >>= C8.readInt)
    bodyLength <- newIORef 0
    tlr <- newIORef Nothing
    q <- newTQueueIO
    writeIORef streamRxQ $ Just q
    setOpenState ctx strm $ Body q mcl bodyLength tlr
    -- FLOW CONTROL: WINDOW_UPDATE 0: recv: announcing my limit properly
    -- FLOW CONTROL: WINDOW_UPDATE: recv: announcing my limit properly
    bodySource <- mkSource q $ informWindowUpdate ctx strm
    let inpObj = InpObj tbl mcl (readSource bodySource) tlr
    if isServer ctx
        then do
            let ServerInfo{..} = toServerInfo roleInfo
            launch ctx strm inpObj
        else putMVar streamInput $ Right inpObj

-- Transition (process4)
processState HalfClosedRemote ctx strm _streamId = do
    halfClosedRemote ctx strm

-- Transition (process5)
processState (Closed cc) ctx strm _streamId = do
    closed ctx strm cc

-- Transition (process6)
processState (Open _ o) ctx strm _streamId =
    -- Open JustOpened, Open Body.  Not the whole state: see 'setOpenState'.
    setOpenState ctx strm o
processState s ctx strm _streamId = do
    -- Idle
    setStreamState ctx strm s

----------------------------------------------------------------

{- FOURMOLU_DISABLE -}
getStream :: Context -> FrameType -> StreamId -> IO (Maybe Stream)
getStream ctx@Context{..} ftyp streamId
  | isEven    = lookupEven evenStreamTable streamId >>= getEvenStream ctx ftyp
  | otherwise = lookupOdd oddStreamTable  streamId >>= getOddStream  ctx ftyp streamId
  where
    isEven = isServerInitiated streamId
{- FOURMOLU_ENABLE -}

getEvenStream :: Context -> FrameType -> Maybe Stream -> IO (Maybe Stream)
getEvenStream ctx ftyp js@(Just strm) = do
    when (ftyp == FrameHeaders) $ do
        st <- readStreamState strm
        when (isReserved st) $ halfClosedLocal ctx strm Finished
    return js
getEvenStream _ _ Nothing = return Nothing

getOddStream
    :: Context -> FrameType -> StreamId -> Maybe Stream -> IO (Maybe Stream)
getOddStream ctx ftyp streamId js@(Just strm0) = do
    when (ftyp == FrameHeaders) $ do
        st <- readStreamState strm0
        when (isHalfClosedRemote st) $
            E.throwIO $
                ConnectionErrorIsSent
                    StreamClosed
                    streamId
                    "header must not be sent to half or fully closed stream"
        -- Priority made an idle stream
        when (isIdle st) $ opened ctx strm0
    return js
getOddStream ctx ftyp streamId Nothing
    | isServer ctx = do
        csid <- getPeerStreamID ctx
        if streamId <= csid -- consider the stream closed
            then
                -- RFC 9113 section 5.1: "An endpoint MUST ignore frames that
                -- it receives on closed streams after it has sent a
                -- RST_STREAM frame."  DATA is in that list because resetting a
                -- stream mid-body leaves whatever the peer already put on the
                -- wire still to arrive.  HEADERS is not: that would be reuse
                -- of a stream identifier, which section 5.1.1 makes a
                -- connection error.
                if ftyp `elem` [FrameData, FrameWindowUpdate, FrameRSTStream, FramePriority]
                    then return Nothing -- will be ignored
                    else
                        E.throwIO $
                            ConnectionErrorIsSent
                                ProtocolError
                                streamId
                                "stream identifier must not decrease"
            else do
                -- consider the stream idle
                when (ftyp `notElem` [FrameHeaders, FramePriority]) $ do
                    let errmsg =
                            Short.toShort
                                ( "this frame is not allowed in an idle stream: "
                                    `BS.append` C8.pack (show ftyp)
                                )
                    E.throwIO $ ConnectionErrorIsSent ProtocolError streamId errmsg
                if ftyp == FramePriority
                    then
                        -- PRIORITY does not open a stream (RFC 9113, section
                        -- 5.1): it is checked and dropped like one for a
                        -- stream we do not have.  It used to create the
                        -- stream, taking a concurrency slot that nothing ever
                        -- gave back, since no HEADERS need follow: a peer
                        -- could fill SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS with
                        -- PRIORITY frames alone and have every request after
                        -- them refused.
                        return Nothing
                    else do
                        setPeerStreamID ctx streamId
                        -- FLOW CONTROL: SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS: recv: rejecting if over my limit
                        Just <$> openOddStreamCheck ctx streamId ftyp
    | otherwise =
        -- We received a frame from the server on an unknown stream
        -- (likely a previously created and then subsequently reset stream).
        -- We just drop it.
        return Nothing

----------------------------------------------------------------

type Payload = ByteString

control :: FrameType -> FrameHeader -> Payload -> Context -> IO ()
control FrameSettings header@FrameHeader{flags, streamId} bs Context{myFirstSettings, controlQ, settingsRate, mySettings, rxFlow} = do
    SettingsFrame peerAlist <- guardIt $ decodeSettingsFrame header bs
    traverse_ E.throwIO $ checkSettingsList peerAlist
    if testAck flags
        then do
            when (peerAlist /= []) $
                E.throwIO $
                    ConnectionErrorIsSent FrameSizeError streamId "ack settings has a body"
        else do
            -- Settings Flood - CVE-2019-9515
            rate <- getRate settingsRate
            when (rate > settingsRateLimit mySettings) $
                E.throwIO $
                    ConnectionErrorIsSent EnhanceYourCalm streamId "too many settings"
            let ack = settingsFrame setAck []
            sent <- readIORef myFirstSettings
            if sent
                then do
                    let setframe = CFrames (Just peerAlist) [ack]
                    enqueueControl controlQ setframe
                else do
                    -- Server side only
                    connRxWS <- rxfBufSize <$> readIORef rxFlow
                    let frames = makeNegotiationFrames mySettings connRxWS
                        setframe = CFrames (Just peerAlist) (frames ++ [ack])
                    writeIORef myFirstSettings True
                    enqueueControl controlQ setframe
control FramePing FrameHeader{flags, streamId} bs ctx@Context{mySettings, pingRate} =
    unless (testAck flags) $ do
        rate <- getRate pingRate
        if rate > pingRateLimit mySettings
            then E.throwIO $ ConnectionErrorIsSent EnhanceYourCalm streamId "too many ping"
            else sendPing ctx True bs
control FrameGoAway header bs _ = do
    GoAwayFrame sid err msg <- guardIt $ decodeGoAwayFrame header bs
    if err == NoError
        then E.throwIO ConnectionIsClosed
        else E.throwIO $ ConnectionErrorIsReceived err sid $ Short.toShort msg
control FrameWindowUpdate header bs ctx = do
    WindowUpdateFrame n <- guardIt $ decodeWindowUpdateFrame header bs
    increaseConnectionWindowSize ctx n
control _ _ _ _ =
    -- must not reach here
    return ()

----------------------------------------------------------------

-- Called in client only
push :: FrameHeader -> ByteString -> Context -> IO ()
push header@FrameHeader{streamId} bs ctx = do
    PushPromiseFrame sid frag <- guardIt $ decodePushPromiseFrame header bs
    unless (isServerInitiated sid) $
        E.throwIO $
            ConnectionErrorIsSent
                ProtocolError
                streamId
                "push promise must specify an even stream identifier"
    when (frag == "") $
        E.throwIO $
            ConnectionErrorIsSent
                ProtocolError
                streamId
                "wrong header fragment for push promise"
    (_, vt) <- hpackDecodeHeader frag streamId ctx
    let ClientInfo{..} = toClientInfo $ roleInfo ctx
    when
        ( getFieldValue tokenAuthority vt == Just (UTF8.fromString authority)
            && getFieldValue tokenScheme vt == Just scheme
        )
        $ do
            let mmethod = getFieldValue tokenMethod vt
                mpath = getFieldValue tokenPath vt
            case (mmethod, mpath) of
                (Just method, Just path) ->
                    -- FLOW CONTROL: SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS: recv: rejecting if over my limit
                    openEvenStreamCacheCheck ctx sid method path
                _ -> return ()

----------------------------------------------------------------

{-# INLINE guardIt #-}
guardIt :: Either FrameDecodeError a -> IO a
guardIt x = case x of
    Left (FrameDecodeError ec sid msg) -> E.throwIO $ ConnectionErrorIsSent ec sid msg
    Right frame -> return frame

{-# INLINE checkPriority #-}
checkPriority :: Priority -> StreamId -> IO ()
checkPriority p me
    | dep == me =
        E.throwIO $ StreamErrorIsSent ProtocolError me "priority depends on itself"
    | otherwise = return ()
  where
    dep = streamDependency p

-- | Handle a decoded response HEADERS section. On the client, a 1xx
--   informational response (e.g. 103 Early Hints) is delivered to the
--   informational callback and the stream keeps waiting for the final response;
--   otherwise the headers become the (final) response.
onResponseHeaders
    :: Context
    -> StreamId
    -> Maybe ClosedCode
    -> Bool
    -> TokenHeaderTable
    -> IO StreamState
onResponseHeaders ctx streamId hcl endOfStream tbl
    | endOfStream = return $ Open hcl (NoBody tbl)
    | role ctx == Client && isInformational = do
        informationalCallback ctx streamId tbl
        return $ Open hcl JustOpened
    | otherwise = return $ Open hcl (HasBody tbl)
  where
    isInformational =
        maybe False ("1" `BS.isPrefixOf`) $ getFieldValue tokenStatus (snd tbl)

stream
    :: FrameType
    -> FrameHeader
    -> ByteString
    -> Context
    -> StreamState
    -> Stream
    -> IO StreamState
-- Transition (stream1)
stream FrameHeaders header@FrameHeader{flags, streamId} bs ctx s@(Open hcl JustOpened) Stream{streamNumber} = do
    HeadersFrame mp frag <- guardIt $ decodeHeadersFrame header bs
    let endOfStream = testEndStream flags
        endOfHeader = testEndHeader flags
    if frag == "" && not endOfStream && not endOfHeader
        then do
            -- Empty Frame Flooding - CVE-2019-9518
            rate <- getRate $ emptyFrameRate ctx
            if rate > emptyFrameRateLimit (mySettings ctx)
                then
                    E.throwIO $
                        ConnectionErrorIsSent EnhanceYourCalm streamId "too many empty headers"
                else return s
        else do
            case mp of
                Nothing -> return ()
                Just p -> checkPriority p streamNumber
            if endOfHeader
                then do
                    tbl <- hpackDecodeHeader frag streamId ctx
                    onResponseHeaders ctx streamId hcl endOfStream tbl
                else do
                    startHeaderBlock ctx streamId endOfStream frag
                    return s

-- Transition (stream2)
stream FrameHeaders header@FrameHeader{flags, streamId} bs ctx s@(Open _ (Body q _ _ tlr)) _ = do
    HeadersFrame _ frag <- guardIt $ decodeHeadersFrame header bs
    let endOfStream = testEndStream flags
    -- checking frag == "" is not necessary
    if endOfStream
        then do
            if testEndHeader flags
                then onTrailers ctx streamId frag q tlr
                else do
                    startHeaderBlock ctx streamId endOfStream frag
                    return s
        else
            E.throwIO $
                ConnectionErrorIsSent
                    ProtocolError
                    streamId
                    "trailers without END_STREAM"

-- Transition (stream4)
stream
    FrameData
    header@FrameHeader{flags, payloadLength, streamId}
    bs
    Context{emptyFrameRate, rxFlow, mySettings}
    s@(Open _ (Body q mcl bodyLength _))
    Stream{..} = do
        DataFrame body <- guardIt $ decodeDataFrame header bs
        -- FLOW CONTROL: WINDOW_UPDATE 0: recv: rejecting if over my limit
        okc <- atomicModifyIORef' rxFlow $ checkRxLimit payloadLength
        unless okc $
            E.throwIO $
                ConnectionErrorIsSent
                    EnhanceYourCalm
                    streamId
                    "exceeds connection flow-control limit"
        -- FLOW CONTROL: WINDOW_UPDATE: recv: rejecting if over my limit
        oks <- atomicModifyIORef' streamRxFlow $ checkRxLimit payloadLength
        unless oks $
            E.throwIO $
                ConnectionErrorIsSent
                    EnhanceYourCalm
                    streamId
                    "exceeds stream flow-control limit"
        len0 <- readIORef bodyLength
        let len = len0 + payloadLength
            endOfStream = testEndStream flags
        -- Empty Frame Flooding - CVE-2019-9518
        if body == ""
            then unless endOfStream $ do
                rate <- getRate emptyFrameRate
                when (rate > emptyFrameRateLimit mySettings) $ do
                    E.throwIO $ ConnectionErrorIsSent EnhanceYourCalm streamId "too many empty data"
            else do
                writeIORef bodyLength len
                atomically $ writeTQueue q $ Right (body, endOfStream)
        if endOfStream
            then do
                case mcl of
                    Nothing -> return ()
                    Just cl ->
                        when (cl /= len) $
                            E.throwIO $
                                StreamErrorIsSent
                                    ProtocolError
                                    streamId
                                    "actual body length is not the same as content-length"
                -- no trailers
                atomically $ writeTQueue q $ Right (mempty, True)
                return HalfClosedRemote
            else return s

-- (No state transition)
stream FrameWindowUpdate header bs _ s strm = do
    WindowUpdateFrame n <- guardIt $ decodeWindowUpdateFrame header bs
    increaseStreamWindowSize strm n
    return s

-- Transition (stream6)
stream FrameRSTStream header@FrameHeader{streamId} bs ctx s strm = do
    -- Rapid Rest: CVE-2023-44487
    rate <- getRate $ rstRate ctx
    when (rate > rstRateLimit (mySettings ctx)) $
        E.throwIO $
            ConnectionErrorIsSent EnhanceYourCalm streamId "too many rst_stream"
    RSTStreamFrame err <- guardIt $ decodeRSTStreamFrame header bs
    let cc = Reset err
    closed ctx strm cc

    -- HTTP2 spec, section 5.1, "Stream States":
    --
    -- > A stream in the "open" state may be used by both peers to send frames
    -- > of any type. (..) From this state, either endpoint can send a frame
    -- > with an END_STREAM flag set, which causes the stream to transition into
    -- > one of the "half-closed" states.  An endpoint sending an END_STREAM
    -- > flag causes the stream state to become "half-closed (local)"; an
    -- > endpoint receiving an END_STREAM flag causes the stream state to become
    -- > "half-closed (remote)".
    --
    -- Crucially (for the specific case we're dealing with here), it continues:
    --
    -- > /Either endpoint/ can send a RST_STREAM frame from this state, causing
    -- > it to transition immediately to "closed".
    --
    -- (emphasis not in original).
    --
    -- In addition, the spec states (about the open state):
    --
    -- > Either endpoint can send a RST_STREAM frame from this state, causing it
    -- > to transition immediately to "closed".
    --
    -- This justifies the non-error cases, below. (Section 8.1 of the spec
    -- is also relevant, but it is less explicit about the /either endpoint/
    -- part.)
    --
    -- The error code the peer sent does not enter into it.  Receiving a
    -- RST_STREAM closes that stream and nothing else, whatever the reason
    -- given; the code is for whoever is reading the stream, and reaches them
    -- as 'StreamResetIsReceived' by way of 'closed' above.  Ending the whole
    -- connection over it would punish every other stream on the connection
    -- for a peer's complaint about one.
    case s of
        -- Open /or/ half-closed (local)
        Open _ _ -> return (Closed cc)
        HalfClosedRemote -> return (Closed cc)
        Reserved -> return (Closed cc)
        Closed _ -> return (Closed cc)
        -- Only an idle stream is left, which a PRIORITY frame can have
        -- created. Section 5.1 again, on "idle": "Receiving any frame other
        -- than HEADERS or PRIORITY on a stream in this state MUST be treated
        -- as a connection error (Section 5.4.1) of type PROTOCOL_ERROR."
        Idle ->
            E.throwIO $
                ConnectionErrorIsSent
                    ProtocolError
                    streamId
                    "rst_stream on an idle stream"
-- (No state transition)
stream FramePriority header bs _ s Stream{streamNumber} = do
    -- ignore
    -- Resource Loop - CVE-2019-9513
    PriorityFrame newpri <- guardIt $ decodePriorityFrame header bs
    checkPriority newpri streamNumber
    return s

-- this ordering is important
stream FrameContinuation FrameHeader{streamId} _ _ _ _ =
    E.throwIO $
        ConnectionErrorIsSent ProtocolError streamId "continue frame cannot come here"
-- Ignore frames to streams we have just reset, per section 5.1.
stream _ _ _ _ st@(Closed (ResetByMe _)) _ = return st
stream FrameData FrameHeader{streamId} _ _ _ _ =
    E.throwIO $
        StreamErrorIsSent StreamClosed streamId $
            fromString ("illegal data frame for " ++ show streamId)
stream x FrameHeader{streamId} _ _ _ _ =
    E.throwIO $
        StreamErrorIsSent ProtocolError streamId $
            fromString ("illegal frame " ++ show x ++ " for " ++ show streamId)

----------------------------------------------------------------

-- | Type for input streaming.
data Source = Source RxQ (Int -> IO ()) (IORef Bool)

mkSource :: RxQ -> (Int -> IO ()) -> IO Source
mkSource q inform = Source q inform <$> newIORef False

readSource :: Source -> IO (ByteString, Bool)
readSource (Source q inform refEOF) = do
    eof <- readIORef refEOF
    if eof
        then return (mempty, True)
        else do
            mBS <- atomically $ readTQueue q
            case mBS of
                Left err -> do
                    writeIORef refEOF True
                    E.throwIO err
                Right (bs, isEOF) -> do
                    writeIORef refEOF isEOF
                    let len = BS.length bs
                    inform len
                    return (bs, isEOF)

----------------------------------------------------------------

closureClient :: Config -> Context -> Either E.SomeException a -> IO a
closureClient conf ctx (Right x) = do
    frame <- goaway ctx NoError "no error"
    sendGoaway conf frame
    return x
closureClient conf ctx (Left se) = closureServer conf ctx se

closureServer :: Config -> Context -> E.SomeException -> IO a
closureServer conf ctx se
    | isAsyncException se = do
        frame <- goaway ctx NoError "maybe timeout by manager"
        sendGoaway conf frame
        E.throwIO se
    | Just ConnectionIsClosed <- E.fromException se = do
        frame <- goaway ctx NoError "no error"
        sendGoaway conf frame
        E.throwIO ConnectionIsClosed
    | Just ConnectionIsTimeout <- E.fromException se = do
        frame <- goaway ctx NoError "timeout"
        sendGoaway conf frame
        E.throwIO ConnectionIsTimeout
    | Just e@(ConnectionErrorIsReceived _err _sid msg) <- E.fromException se = do
        frame <- goaway ctx NoError $ Short.fromShort msg
        sendGoaway conf frame
        E.throwIO e
    | Just e@(ConnectionErrorIsSent err _sid msg) <- E.fromException se = do
        frame <- goaway ctx err $ Short.fromShort msg
        sendGoaway conf frame
        E.throwIO e
    | Just e@(StreamErrorIsSent err _sid msg) <- E.fromException se = do
        let frame = resetFrame err _sid
        frame' <- goaway ctx err $ Short.fromShort msg
        sendGoaway conf (frame <> frame')
        E.throwIO e
    | Just e@(StreamErrorIsReceived err _sid) <- E.fromException se = do
        frame <- goaway ctx err "treat a stream error as a connection error"
        sendGoaway conf frame
        E.throwIO e
    | Just (_ :: HTTP2Error) <- E.fromException se = E.throwIO se
    | otherwise = E.throwIO $ BadThingHappen se

goaway :: Context -> ErrorCode -> ByteString -> IO ByteString
goaway ctx err msg = do
    sid <- getPeerLastStreamId ctx
    return $ goawayFrame sid err msg

sendGoaway :: Config -> ByteString -> IO ()
sendGoaway Config{..} frame = confSendAll frame `E.catchIOError` \_ -> return ()

----------------------------------------------------------------

sendPing :: Context -> Bool -> ByteString -> IO ()
sendPing Context{..} ack bs = enqueueControl controlQ $ CFrames Nothing [frame]
  where
    frame = pingFrame ack bs

----------------------------------------------------------------

-- | Deliver a complete trailer block: the body ends with it.
onTrailers
    :: Context
    -> StreamId
    -> HeaderBlockFragment
    -> TQueue (Either E.SomeException (ByteString, Bool))
    -> IORef (Maybe TokenHeaderTable)
    -> IO StreamState
onTrailers ctx streamId blk q tlr = do
    tbl <- hpackDecodeTrailer blk streamId ctx
    writeIORef tlr (Just tbl)
    atomically $ writeTQueue q $ Right (mempty, True)
    return HalfClosedRemote

-- | Start accumulating a header block that does not fit in a single frame
startHeaderBlock
    :: Context
    -> StreamId
    -> Bool
    -- ^ END_STREAM, from the HEADERS frame
    -> HeaderBlockFragment
    -- ^ The fragment in the HEADERS frame
    -> IO ()
startHeaderBlock Context{continued} streamId endOfStream frag =
    writeIORef continued . Just $
        HeaderContinuation
            { hcStreamId = streamId
            , hcBlock = newPartialHeaderBlock frag
            , hcEndOfStream = endOfStream
            }

newPartialHeaderBlock :: HeaderBlockFragment -> PartialHeaderBlock
newPartialHeaderBlock frag =
    PartialHeaderBlock
        { phbFragments = [frag]
        , phbTotalSize = BS.length frag
        , phbNumFrames = 1
        }

addFragment
    :: StreamId
    -- ^ Used for error messages only
    -> HeaderBlockFragment
    -> PartialHeaderBlock
    -> IO PartialHeaderBlock
addFragment streamId frag phb = do
    when (phbTotalSize phb' > headerFragmentLimit) $
        E.throwIO $
            ConnectionErrorIsSent EnhanceYourCalm streamId "Header is too big"
    when (phbNumFrames phb' > continuationLimit) $
        E.throwIO $
            ConnectionErrorIsSent EnhanceYourCalm streamId "Header is too fragmented"
    return phb'
  where
    phb' =
        PartialHeaderBlock
            { phbFragments = frag : phbFragments phb
            , phbTotalSize = phbTotalSize phb + BS.length frag
            , phbNumFrames = phbNumFrames phb + 1
            }

completeHeaderBlock :: PartialHeaderBlock -> HeaderBlockFragment
completeHeaderBlock = BS.concat . reverse . phbFragments