Utils.hs

-- | Utilities for AI players.
module AI.Utils
  ( winOrPreventLoss
  , pruneDepth, pruneBreadth
  , highFirst, lowFirst
  , withNPieces, withBoard
  , dontPass, singleCaptures  
  , zoneOfControl
  ) where

import Board
import Data.List (nubBy, sortBy, minimumBy)
import qualified Data.IntMap as IntMap
import System.Random


-- order subtrees with ascending or descending order of static evaluation
highFirst, lowFirst  :: GameTree Int m -> GameTree Int m
highFirst (GameTree x branches) 
    = GameTree x [(m,highFirst t) | (m,t)<-sortBy cmp branches] 
    where cmp (_,x) (_,y) = compare (value y) (value x)
          value (GameTree n _)  = n

lowFirst (GameTree x branches) 
    = GameTree x [(m,lowFirst t) | (m,t)<-sortBy cmp branches]
    where cmp (_,x) (_, y) = compare (value x) (value y)
          value (GameTree n _)  = n



-- prune to a fixed depth
pruneDepth :: Int -> GameTree a m -> GameTree a m
pruneDepth n (GameTree x branches) 
    | n>0      = GameTree x [(m,pruneDepth (n-1) t) | (m,t)<-branches]
    | otherwise= GameTree x []

-- prune to a fixed breadth
pruneBreadth :: Int -> GameTree a m -> GameTree a m
pruneBreadth k (GameTree node branches) 
    = GameTree node [(m,pruneBreadth k t) | (m,t)<-take k branches]


  
-- conditional strategies
withBoard :: (Board -> Strategy) -> Strategy
withBoard f t@(GameTree b _) g = f b t g

withNPieces :: (Int -> Strategy) -> Strategy
withNPieces f = withBoard $ \b -> f (IntMap.size (active b) + IntMap.size (inactive b))



-- | Searches BoardTree to a depth of 1 looking for a 
-- | guaranteed win or a preventable loss.
winOrPreventLoss :: Strategy -> Strategy
winOrPreventLoss s (GameTree node branches) = s $ GameTree node branches2
  where
    -- ensure a win in 1 or 2 captures
    winning = [ (m, t) | (m,t@(GameTree b _))<-branches, endGame b]
    -- prevent a loss
    prevent_loss = [(m1,t1) | (m1,t1@(GameTree _ branches'))<-branches,
                    (m2,t2)<- branches', not_losing t2]
                              
    branches1 = (if not (null winning) 
                 then [head winning]
                 else prevent_loss
                )
    branches2 = if null branches1 then [head branches] else branches1
    not_losing (GameTree _ branches) 
        = null [m | (m, GameTree b _) <- branches, endGame b]
    cutoff = 1000 -- braching upper bound for searching losing moves



-- narrow the search space: don't consider double-capture or pass moves
singleCaptures ::  Strategy -> Strategy   
singleCaptures s g@(GameTree _ branches) rndgen 
    | null branches' = s g rndgen
    | otherwise      = s g' rndgen
    where
      g'@(GameTree _ branches') = narrow g
      narrow :: BoardTree -> BoardTree
      narrow (GameTree board branches)
          = GameTree board [ (m, narrow g) | (m,g)<-branches,
                                 move board==1 || isStacking m ]
      isStacking (Stack _ _) = True
      isStacking _           = False

-- don't consider passing moves 
dontPass :: Strategy -> Strategy
dontPass s g rndgen = s (narrow g) rndgen
    where
      narrow :: BoardTree -> BoardTree
      narrow (GameTree node branches) 
        | null branches' = GameTree node branches
        | otherwise =  GameTree node branches'
        where branches' = [(m, narrow g) | (m,g)<-branches, m/=Pass]




-- Estimate the zone of control of the active player
-- i.e., the set of opponent pieces reachable in a turn (two capture moves)
zoneOfControl ::  Board -> HalfBoard
zoneOfControl board
    = IntMap.filterWithKey forPiece1 other
    where
      you   = active board
      other = inactive board
      who   = player board
      -- white pieces that can make at least one capture
      captures = IntMap.filterWithKey forPiece2 you

      forPiece1, forPiece2 :: Position -> Piece -> Bool
      forPiece1 p (_, i) = or $ map (downLine0 i) $ sixLines p
      forPiece2 p (_, h) = or $ map (downLine2 h) $ sixLines p

      downLine0, downLine1, downLine2 :: Int -> [Position] -> Bool

      downLine0 i [] = False
      downLine0 i (p:ps) 
          = case atPosition board p of
              Nothing -> downLine0 i ps
              Just (who', (_, h)) | who'==who -> 
                  h>=i || (p`IntMap.member`captures && downLine1 i ps)
              Just (_, (_, j)) -> 
                  or $ map (downLine1 (max i j)) $ sixLines p

      downLine1 i [] = False
      downLine1 i (p:ps) 
          = case atPosition board p of
              Nothing -> downLine1 i ps
              Just (who', (_, h)) | who'==who -> h>=i
              _ -> False

      downLine2 h [] = False
      downLine2 h (p:ps) 
          = case atPosition board p of
              Nothing -> downLine2 h ps
              Just (who', (_, i)) | who'/=who -> h>=i
              _ -> False