haskoin-core-0.21.0: src/Haskoin/Keys/Mnemonic.hs
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
{- |
Module : Haskoin.Keys.Mnemonic
Copyright : No rights reserved
License : MIT
Maintainer : jprupp@protonmail.ch
Stability : experimental
Portability : POSIX
Mnemonic keys (BIP-39). Only English dictionary.
-}
module Haskoin.Keys.Mnemonic (
-- * Mnemonic Sentences
Entropy,
Mnemonic,
Passphrase,
Seed,
toMnemonic,
fromMnemonic,
mnemonicToSeed,
) where
import Control.Monad (when)
import Crypto.Hash (SHA256 (..), hashWith)
import Crypto.KDF.PBKDF2 (Parameters (..), fastPBKDF2_SHA512)
import Data.Bits (shiftL, shiftR)
import qualified Data.ByteArray as BA
import Data.ByteString (ByteString)
import qualified Data.ByteString as BS
import Data.List
import qualified Data.Map.Strict as M
import Data.Maybe
import Data.String.Conversions (cs)
import Data.Text (Text)
import qualified Data.Text as T
import qualified Data.Text.Encoding as E
import Data.Vector (Vector, (!))
import qualified Data.Vector as V
import Haskoin.Util
{- | Random data used to create a mnemonic sentence. Use a good entropy source.
You will get your coins stolen if you don't. You have been warned.
-}
type Entropy = ByteString
-- | Human-readable mnemonic sentence.
type Mnemonic = Text
-- | Optional passphrase for mnemnoic sentence.
type Passphrase = Text
-- | Seed for a private key from a mnemonic sentence.
type Seed = ByteString
-- | Mnemonic key checksum.
type Checksum = ByteString
-- | Paremeters for PBKDF2 function.
pbkdfParams :: Parameters
pbkdfParams = Parameters{iterCounts = 2048, outputLength = 64}
{- | Provide intial 'Entropy' as a 'ByteString' of length multiple of 4 bytes.
Output a 'Mnemonic' sentence.
-}
toMnemonic :: Entropy -> Either String Mnemonic
toMnemonic ent = do
when (BS.null ent) $
Left "toMnemonic: entropy can not be empty"
when (remainder /= 0) $
Left "toMnemonic: entropy must be multiples of 4 bytes"
when (cs_len > 16) $
Left "toMnemonic: maximum entropy is 64 bytes (512 bits)"
return ms
where
(cs_len, remainder) = BS.length ent `quotRem` 4
c = calcCS cs_len ent
indices = bsToIndices $ ent `BS.append` c
ms = T.unwords $ map (wl !) indices
{- | Revert 'toMnemonic'. Do not use this to generate a 'Seed'. Instead use
'mnemonicToSeed'. This outputs the original 'Entropy' used to generate a
'Mnemonic' sentence.
-}
fromMnemonic :: Mnemonic -> Either String Entropy
fromMnemonic ms = do
when (T.null ms) $
Left "fromMnemonic: empty mnemonic"
when (word_count > 48) $
Left $ "fromMnemonic: too many words: " ++ show word_count
when (word_count `mod` 3 /= 0) $
Left $ "fromMnemonic: wrong number of words:" ++ show word_count
ms_bs <- indicesToBS =<< getIndices ms_words
let (ms_ent, ms_cs) = BS.splitAt (ent_len * 4) ms_bs
ms_cs_num = numCS cs_len ms_cs
ent_cs_num = numCS cs_len $ calcCS cs_len ms_ent
when (ent_cs_num /= ms_cs_num) $
Left $ "fromMnemonic: checksum failed: " ++ sh ent_cs_num ms_cs_num
return ms_ent
where
ms_words = T.words ms
word_count = length ms_words
(ent_len, cs_len) = (word_count * 11) `quotRem` 32
sh cs_a cs_b = show cs_a ++ " /= " ++ show cs_b
-- | Compute 'Checksum'.
calcCS :: Int -> Entropy -> Checksum
calcCS len = getBits len . BA.convert . hashWith SHA256
numCS :: Int -> Entropy -> Integer
numCS len =
shiftCS . bsToInteger
where
shiftCS = case 8 - len `mod` 8 of
8 -> id
x -> flip shiftR x
{- | Turn an arbitrary sequence of characters into a 512-bit 'Seed'. Use
'mnemonicToSeed' to get a seed from a 'Mnemonic' sentence. Warning: Does not
perform NFKD normalization.
-}
anyToSeed :: Passphrase -> Mnemonic -> Seed
anyToSeed pf ms =
fastPBKDF2_SHA512
pbkdfParams
(E.encodeUtf8 ms)
("mnemonic" `mappend` E.encodeUtf8 pf)
{- | Get a 512-bit 'Seed' from a 'Mnemonic' sentence. Will validate checksum.
'Passphrase' can be used to protect the 'Mnemonic'. Use an empty string as
'Passphrase' if none is required.
-}
mnemonicToSeed :: Passphrase -> Mnemonic -> Either String Seed
mnemonicToSeed pf ms = do
ent <- fromMnemonic ms
mnm <- toMnemonic ent
return $ anyToSeed pf mnm
-- | Get indices of words in word list.
getIndices :: [Text] -> Either String [Int]
getIndices ws
| null n = return $ catMaybes i
| otherwise = Left $ "getIndices: words not found: " ++ cs w
where
i = map (`M.lookup` wl') ws
n = elemIndices Nothing i
w = T.unwords $ map (ws !!) n
-- | Turn a list of 11-bit numbers into a 'ByteString'
indicesToBS :: [Int] -> Either String ByteString
indicesToBS is = do
when lrg $ Left "indicesToBS: index larger or equal than 2048"
return . pad . integerToBS $ foldl' f 0 is `shiftL` shift_width
where
lrg = isJust $ find (>= 2048) is
(q, r) = (length is * 11) `quotRem` 8
shift_width =
if r == 0
then 0
else 8 - r
bl =
if r == 0
then q
else q + 1 -- length of resulting ByteString
pad bs = BS.append (BS.replicate (bl - BS.length bs) 0x00) bs
f acc x = (acc `shiftL` 11) + fromIntegral x
-- | Turn a 'ByteString' into a list of 11-bit numbers.
bsToIndices :: ByteString -> [Int]
bsToIndices bs =
reverse . go q $ bsToInteger bs `shiftR` r
where
(q, r) = (BS.length bs * 8) `quotRem` 11
go 0 _ = []
go n i = fromIntegral (i `mod` 2048) : go (n - 1) (i `shiftR` 11)
wl' :: M.Map Text Int
wl' = V.ifoldr' (flip M.insert) M.empty wl
-- | Standard English dictionary from BIP-39 specification.
wl :: Vector Text
wl =
V.fromListN
2048
[ "abandon"
, "ability"
, "able"
, "about"
, "above"
, "absent"
, "absorb"
, "abstract"
, "absurd"
, "abuse"
, "access"
, "accident"
, "account"
, "accuse"
, "achieve"
, "acid"
, "acoustic"
, "acquire"
, "across"
, "act"
, "action"
, "actor"
, "actress"
, "actual"
, "adapt"
, "add"
, "addict"
, "address"
, "adjust"
, "admit"
, "adult"
, "advance"
, "advice"
, "aerobic"
, "affair"
, "afford"
, "afraid"
, "again"
, "age"
, "agent"
, "agree"
, "ahead"
, "aim"
, "air"
, "airport"
, "aisle"
, "alarm"
, "album"
, "alcohol"
, "alert"
, "alien"
, "all"
, "alley"
, "allow"
, "almost"
, "alone"
, "alpha"
, "already"
, "also"
, "alter"
, "always"
, "amateur"
, "amazing"
, "among"
, "amount"
, "amused"
, "analyst"
, "anchor"
, "ancient"
, "anger"
, "angle"
, "angry"
, "animal"
, "ankle"
, "announce"
, "annual"
, "another"
, "answer"
, "antenna"
, "antique"
, "anxiety"
, "any"
, "apart"
, "apology"
, "appear"
, "apple"
, "approve"
, "april"
, "arch"
, "arctic"
, "area"
, "arena"
, "argue"
, "arm"
, "armed"
, "armor"
, "army"
, "around"
, "arrange"
, "arrest"
, "arrive"
, "arrow"
, "art"
, "artefact"
, "artist"
, "artwork"
, "ask"
, "aspect"
, "assault"
, "asset"
, "assist"
, "assume"
, "asthma"
, "athlete"
, "atom"
, "attack"
, "attend"
, "attitude"
, "attract"
, "auction"
, "audit"
, "august"
, "aunt"
, "author"
, "auto"
, "autumn"
, "average"
, "avocado"
, "avoid"
, "awake"
, "aware"
, "away"
, "awesome"
, "awful"
, "awkward"
, "axis"
, "baby"
, "bachelor"
, "bacon"
, "badge"
, "bag"
, "balance"
, "balcony"
, "ball"
, "bamboo"
, "banana"
, "banner"
, "bar"
, "barely"
, "bargain"
, "barrel"
, "base"
, "basic"
, "basket"
, "battle"
, "beach"
, "bean"
, "beauty"
, "because"
, "become"
, "beef"
, "before"
, "begin"
, "behave"
, "behind"
, "believe"
, "below"
, "belt"
, "bench"
, "benefit"
, "best"
, "betray"
, "better"
, "between"
, "beyond"
, "bicycle"
, "bid"
, "bike"
, "bind"
, "biology"
, "bird"
, "birth"
, "bitter"
, "black"
, "blade"
, "blame"
, "blanket"
, "blast"
, "bleak"
, "bless"
, "blind"
, "blood"
, "blossom"
, "blouse"
, "blue"
, "blur"
, "blush"
, "board"
, "boat"
, "body"
, "boil"
, "bomb"
, "bone"
, "bonus"
, "book"
, "boost"
, "border"
, "boring"
, "borrow"
, "boss"
, "bottom"
, "bounce"
, "box"
, "boy"
, "bracket"
, "brain"
, "brand"
, "brass"
, "brave"
, "bread"
, "breeze"
, "brick"
, "bridge"
, "brief"
, "bright"
, "bring"
, "brisk"
, "broccoli"
, "broken"
, "bronze"
, "broom"
, "brother"
, "brown"
, "brush"
, "bubble"
, "buddy"
, "budget"
, "buffalo"
, "build"
, "bulb"
, "bulk"
, "bullet"
, "bundle"
, "bunker"
, "burden"
, "burger"
, "burst"
, "bus"
, "business"
, "busy"
, "butter"
, "buyer"
, "buzz"
, "cabbage"
, "cabin"
, "cable"
, "cactus"
, "cage"
, "cake"
, "call"
, "calm"
, "camera"
, "camp"
, "can"
, "canal"
, "cancel"
, "candy"
, "cannon"
, "canoe"
, "canvas"
, "canyon"
, "capable"
, "capital"
, "captain"
, "car"
, "carbon"
, "card"
, "cargo"
, "carpet"
, "carry"
, "cart"
, "case"
, "cash"
, "casino"
, "castle"
, "casual"
, "cat"
, "catalog"
, "catch"
, "category"
, "cattle"
, "caught"
, "cause"
, "caution"
, "cave"
, "ceiling"
, "celery"
, "cement"
, "census"
, "century"
, "cereal"
, "certain"
, "chair"
, "chalk"
, "champion"
, "change"
, "chaos"
, "chapter"
, "charge"
, "chase"
, "chat"
, "cheap"
, "check"
, "cheese"
, "chef"
, "cherry"
, "chest"
, "chicken"
, "chief"
, "child"
, "chimney"
, "choice"
, "choose"
, "chronic"
, "chuckle"
, "chunk"
, "churn"
, "cigar"
, "cinnamon"
, "circle"
, "citizen"
, "city"
, "civil"
, "claim"
, "clap"
, "clarify"
, "claw"
, "clay"
, "clean"
, "clerk"
, "clever"
, "click"
, "client"
, "cliff"
, "climb"
, "clinic"
, "clip"
, "clock"
, "clog"
, "close"
, "cloth"
, "cloud"
, "clown"
, "club"
, "clump"
, "cluster"
, "clutch"
, "coach"
, "coast"
, "coconut"
, "code"
, "coffee"
, "coil"
, "coin"
, "collect"
, "color"
, "column"
, "combine"
, "come"
, "comfort"
, "comic"
, "common"
, "company"
, "concert"
, "conduct"
, "confirm"
, "congress"
, "connect"
, "consider"
, "control"
, "convince"
, "cook"
, "cool"
, "copper"
, "copy"
, "coral"
, "core"
, "corn"
, "correct"
, "cost"
, "cotton"
, "couch"
, "country"
, "couple"
, "course"
, "cousin"
, "cover"
, "coyote"
, "crack"
, "cradle"
, "craft"
, "cram"
, "crane"
, "crash"
, "crater"
, "crawl"
, "crazy"
, "cream"
, "credit"
, "creek"
, "crew"
, "cricket"
, "crime"
, "crisp"
, "critic"
, "crop"
, "cross"
, "crouch"
, "crowd"
, "crucial"
, "cruel"
, "cruise"
, "crumble"
, "crunch"
, "crush"
, "cry"
, "crystal"
, "cube"
, "culture"
, "cup"
, "cupboard"
, "curious"
, "current"
, "curtain"
, "curve"
, "cushion"
, "custom"
, "cute"
, "cycle"
, "dad"
, "damage"
, "damp"
, "dance"
, "danger"
, "daring"
, "dash"
, "daughter"
, "dawn"
, "day"
, "deal"
, "debate"
, "debris"
, "decade"
, "december"
, "decide"
, "decline"
, "decorate"
, "decrease"
, "deer"
, "defense"
, "define"
, "defy"
, "degree"
, "delay"
, "deliver"
, "demand"
, "demise"
, "denial"
, "dentist"
, "deny"
, "depart"
, "depend"
, "deposit"
, "depth"
, "deputy"
, "derive"
, "describe"
, "desert"
, "design"
, "desk"
, "despair"
, "destroy"
, "detail"
, "detect"
, "develop"
, "device"
, "devote"
, "diagram"
, "dial"
, "diamond"
, "diary"
, "dice"
, "diesel"
, "diet"
, "differ"
, "digital"
, "dignity"
, "dilemma"
, "dinner"
, "dinosaur"
, "direct"
, "dirt"
, "disagree"
, "discover"
, "disease"
, "dish"
, "dismiss"
, "disorder"
, "display"
, "distance"
, "divert"
, "divide"
, "divorce"
, "dizzy"
, "doctor"
, "document"
, "dog"
, "doll"
, "dolphin"
, "domain"
, "donate"
, "donkey"
, "donor"
, "door"
, "dose"
, "double"
, "dove"
, "draft"
, "dragon"
, "drama"
, "drastic"
, "draw"
, "dream"
, "dress"
, "drift"
, "drill"
, "drink"
, "drip"
, "drive"
, "drop"
, "drum"
, "dry"
, "duck"
, "dumb"
, "dune"
, "during"
, "dust"
, "dutch"
, "duty"
, "dwarf"
, "dynamic"
, "eager"
, "eagle"
, "early"
, "earn"
, "earth"
, "easily"
, "east"
, "easy"
, "echo"
, "ecology"
, "economy"
, "edge"
, "edit"
, "educate"
, "effort"
, "egg"
, "eight"
, "either"
, "elbow"
, "elder"
, "electric"
, "elegant"
, "element"
, "elephant"
, "elevator"
, "elite"
, "else"
, "embark"
, "embody"
, "embrace"
, "emerge"
, "emotion"
, "employ"
, "empower"
, "empty"
, "enable"
, "enact"
, "end"
, "endless"
, "endorse"
, "enemy"
, "energy"
, "enforce"
, "engage"
, "engine"
, "enhance"
, "enjoy"
, "enlist"
, "enough"
, "enrich"
, "enroll"
, "ensure"
, "enter"
, "entire"
, "entry"
, "envelope"
, "episode"
, "equal"
, "equip"
, "era"
, "erase"
, "erode"
, "erosion"
, "error"
, "erupt"
, "escape"
, "essay"
, "essence"
, "estate"
, "eternal"
, "ethics"
, "evidence"
, "evil"
, "evoke"
, "evolve"
, "exact"
, "example"
, "excess"
, "exchange"
, "excite"
, "exclude"
, "excuse"
, "execute"
, "exercise"
, "exhaust"
, "exhibit"
, "exile"
, "exist"
, "exit"
, "exotic"
, "expand"
, "expect"
, "expire"
, "explain"
, "expose"
, "express"
, "extend"
, "extra"
, "eye"
, "eyebrow"
, "fabric"
, "face"
, "faculty"
, "fade"
, "faint"
, "faith"
, "fall"
, "false"
, "fame"
, "family"
, "famous"
, "fan"
, "fancy"
, "fantasy"
, "farm"
, "fashion"
, "fat"
, "fatal"
, "father"
, "fatigue"
, "fault"
, "favorite"
, "feature"
, "february"
, "federal"
, "fee"
, "feed"
, "feel"
, "female"
, "fence"
, "festival"
, "fetch"
, "fever"
, "few"
, "fiber"
, "fiction"
, "field"
, "figure"
, "file"
, "film"
, "filter"
, "final"
, "find"
, "fine"
, "finger"
, "finish"
, "fire"
, "firm"
, "first"
, "fiscal"
, "fish"
, "fit"
, "fitness"
, "fix"
, "flag"
, "flame"
, "flash"
, "flat"
, "flavor"
, "flee"
, "flight"
, "flip"
, "float"
, "flock"
, "floor"
, "flower"
, "fluid"
, "flush"
, "fly"
, "foam"
, "focus"
, "fog"
, "foil"
, "fold"
, "follow"
, "food"
, "foot"
, "force"
, "forest"
, "forget"
, "fork"
, "fortune"
, "forum"
, "forward"
, "fossil"
, "foster"
, "found"
, "fox"
, "fragile"
, "frame"
, "frequent"
, "fresh"
, "friend"
, "fringe"
, "frog"
, "front"
, "frost"
, "frown"
, "frozen"
, "fruit"
, "fuel"
, "fun"
, "funny"
, "furnace"
, "fury"
, "future"
, "gadget"
, "gain"
, "galaxy"
, "gallery"
, "game"
, "gap"
, "garage"
, "garbage"
, "garden"
, "garlic"
, "garment"
, "gas"
, "gasp"
, "gate"
, "gather"
, "gauge"
, "gaze"
, "general"
, "genius"
, "genre"
, "gentle"
, "genuine"
, "gesture"
, "ghost"
, "giant"
, "gift"
, "giggle"
, "ginger"
, "giraffe"
, "girl"
, "give"
, "glad"
, "glance"
, "glare"
, "glass"
, "glide"
, "glimpse"
, "globe"
, "gloom"
, "glory"
, "glove"
, "glow"
, "glue"
, "goat"
, "goddess"
, "gold"
, "good"
, "goose"
, "gorilla"
, "gospel"
, "gossip"
, "govern"
, "gown"
, "grab"
, "grace"
, "grain"
, "grant"
, "grape"
, "grass"
, "gravity"
, "great"
, "green"
, "grid"
, "grief"
, "grit"
, "grocery"
, "group"
, "grow"
, "grunt"
, "guard"
, "guess"
, "guide"
, "guilt"
, "guitar"
, "gun"
, "gym"
, "habit"
, "hair"
, "half"
, "hammer"
, "hamster"
, "hand"
, "happy"
, "harbor"
, "hard"
, "harsh"
, "harvest"
, "hat"
, "have"
, "hawk"
, "hazard"
, "head"
, "health"
, "heart"
, "heavy"
, "hedgehog"
, "height"
, "hello"
, "helmet"
, "help"
, "hen"
, "hero"
, "hidden"
, "high"
, "hill"
, "hint"
, "hip"
, "hire"
, "history"
, "hobby"
, "hockey"
, "hold"
, "hole"
, "holiday"
, "hollow"
, "home"
, "honey"
, "hood"
, "hope"
, "horn"
, "horror"
, "horse"
, "hospital"
, "host"
, "hotel"
, "hour"
, "hover"
, "hub"
, "huge"
, "human"
, "humble"
, "humor"
, "hundred"
, "hungry"
, "hunt"
, "hurdle"
, "hurry"
, "hurt"
, "husband"
, "hybrid"
, "ice"
, "icon"
, "idea"
, "identify"
, "idle"
, "ignore"
, "ill"
, "illegal"
, "illness"
, "image"
, "imitate"
, "immense"
, "immune"
, "impact"
, "impose"
, "improve"
, "impulse"
, "inch"
, "include"
, "income"
, "increase"
, "index"
, "indicate"
, "indoor"
, "industry"
, "infant"
, "inflict"
, "inform"
, "inhale"
, "inherit"
, "initial"
, "inject"
, "injury"
, "inmate"
, "inner"
, "innocent"
, "input"
, "inquiry"
, "insane"
, "insect"
, "inside"
, "inspire"
, "install"
, "intact"
, "interest"
, "into"
, "invest"
, "invite"
, "involve"
, "iron"
, "island"
, "isolate"
, "issue"
, "item"
, "ivory"
, "jacket"
, "jaguar"
, "jar"
, "jazz"
, "jealous"
, "jeans"
, "jelly"
, "jewel"
, "job"
, "join"
, "joke"
, "journey"
, "joy"
, "judge"
, "juice"
, "jump"
, "jungle"
, "junior"
, "junk"
, "just"
, "kangaroo"
, "keen"
, "keep"
, "ketchup"
, "key"
, "kick"
, "kid"
, "kidney"
, "kind"
, "kingdom"
, "kiss"
, "kit"
, "kitchen"
, "kite"
, "kitten"
, "kiwi"
, "knee"
, "knife"
, "knock"
, "know"
, "lab"
, "label"
, "labor"
, "ladder"
, "lady"
, "lake"
, "lamp"
, "language"
, "laptop"
, "large"
, "later"
, "latin"
, "laugh"
, "laundry"
, "lava"
, "law"
, "lawn"
, "lawsuit"
, "layer"
, "lazy"
, "leader"
, "leaf"
, "learn"
, "leave"
, "lecture"
, "left"
, "leg"
, "legal"
, "legend"
, "leisure"
, "lemon"
, "lend"
, "length"
, "lens"
, "leopard"
, "lesson"
, "letter"
, "level"
, "liar"
, "liberty"
, "library"
, "license"
, "life"
, "lift"
, "light"
, "like"
, "limb"
, "limit"
, "link"
, "lion"
, "liquid"
, "list"
, "little"
, "live"
, "lizard"
, "load"
, "loan"
, "lobster"
, "local"
, "lock"
, "logic"
, "lonely"
, "long"
, "loop"
, "lottery"
, "loud"
, "lounge"
, "love"
, "loyal"
, "lucky"
, "luggage"
, "lumber"
, "lunar"
, "lunch"
, "luxury"
, "lyrics"
, "machine"
, "mad"
, "magic"
, "magnet"
, "maid"
, "mail"
, "main"
, "major"
, "make"
, "mammal"
, "man"
, "manage"
, "mandate"
, "mango"
, "mansion"
, "manual"
, "maple"
, "marble"
, "march"
, "margin"
, "marine"
, "market"
, "marriage"
, "mask"
, "mass"
, "master"
, "match"
, "material"
, "math"
, "matrix"
, "matter"
, "maximum"
, "maze"
, "meadow"
, "mean"
, "measure"
, "meat"
, "mechanic"
, "medal"
, "media"
, "melody"
, "melt"
, "member"
, "memory"
, "mention"
, "menu"
, "mercy"
, "merge"
, "merit"
, "merry"
, "mesh"
, "message"
, "metal"
, "method"
, "middle"
, "midnight"
, "milk"
, "million"
, "mimic"
, "mind"
, "minimum"
, "minor"
, "minute"
, "miracle"
, "mirror"
, "misery"
, "miss"
, "mistake"
, "mix"
, "mixed"
, "mixture"
, "mobile"
, "model"
, "modify"
, "mom"
, "moment"
, "monitor"
, "monkey"
, "monster"
, "month"
, "moon"
, "moral"
, "more"
, "morning"
, "mosquito"
, "mother"
, "motion"
, "motor"
, "mountain"
, "mouse"
, "move"
, "movie"
, "much"
, "muffin"
, "mule"
, "multiply"
, "muscle"
, "museum"
, "mushroom"
, "music"
, "must"
, "mutual"
, "myself"
, "mystery"
, "myth"
, "naive"
, "name"
, "napkin"
, "narrow"
, "nasty"
, "nation"
, "nature"
, "near"
, "neck"
, "need"
, "negative"
, "neglect"
, "neither"
, "nephew"
, "nerve"
, "nest"
, "net"
, "network"
, "neutral"
, "never"
, "news"
, "next"
, "nice"
, "night"
, "noble"
, "noise"
, "nominee"
, "noodle"
, "normal"
, "north"
, "nose"
, "notable"
, "note"
, "nothing"
, "notice"
, "novel"
, "now"
, "nuclear"
, "number"
, "nurse"
, "nut"
, "oak"
, "obey"
, "object"
, "oblige"
, "obscure"
, "observe"
, "obtain"
, "obvious"
, "occur"
, "ocean"
, "october"
, "odor"
, "off"
, "offer"
, "office"
, "often"
, "oil"
, "okay"
, "old"
, "olive"
, "olympic"
, "omit"
, "once"
, "one"
, "onion"
, "online"
, "only"
, "open"
, "opera"
, "opinion"
, "oppose"
, "option"
, "orange"
, "orbit"
, "orchard"
, "order"
, "ordinary"
, "organ"
, "orient"
, "original"
, "orphan"
, "ostrich"
, "other"
, "outdoor"
, "outer"
, "output"
, "outside"
, "oval"
, "oven"
, "over"
, "own"
, "owner"
, "oxygen"
, "oyster"
, "ozone"
, "pact"
, "paddle"
, "page"
, "pair"
, "palace"
, "palm"
, "panda"
, "panel"
, "panic"
, "panther"
, "paper"
, "parade"
, "parent"
, "park"
, "parrot"
, "party"
, "pass"
, "patch"
, "path"
, "patient"
, "patrol"
, "pattern"
, "pause"
, "pave"
, "payment"
, "peace"
, "peanut"
, "pear"
, "peasant"
, "pelican"
, "pen"
, "penalty"
, "pencil"
, "people"
, "pepper"
, "perfect"
, "permit"
, "person"
, "pet"
, "phone"
, "photo"
, "phrase"
, "physical"
, "piano"
, "picnic"
, "picture"
, "piece"
, "pig"
, "pigeon"
, "pill"
, "pilot"
, "pink"
, "pioneer"
, "pipe"
, "pistol"
, "pitch"
, "pizza"
, "place"
, "planet"
, "plastic"
, "plate"
, "play"
, "please"
, "pledge"
, "pluck"
, "plug"
, "plunge"
, "poem"
, "poet"
, "point"
, "polar"
, "pole"
, "police"
, "pond"
, "pony"
, "pool"
, "popular"
, "portion"
, "position"
, "possible"
, "post"
, "potato"
, "pottery"
, "poverty"
, "powder"
, "power"
, "practice"
, "praise"
, "predict"
, "prefer"
, "prepare"
, "present"
, "pretty"
, "prevent"
, "price"
, "pride"
, "primary"
, "print"
, "priority"
, "prison"
, "private"
, "prize"
, "problem"
, "process"
, "produce"
, "profit"
, "program"
, "project"
, "promote"
, "proof"
, "property"
, "prosper"
, "protect"
, "proud"
, "provide"
, "public"
, "pudding"
, "pull"
, "pulp"
, "pulse"
, "pumpkin"
, "punch"
, "pupil"
, "puppy"
, "purchase"
, "purity"
, "purpose"
, "purse"
, "push"
, "put"
, "puzzle"
, "pyramid"
, "quality"
, "quantum"
, "quarter"
, "question"
, "quick"
, "quit"
, "quiz"
, "quote"
, "rabbit"
, "raccoon"
, "race"
, "rack"
, "radar"
, "radio"
, "rail"
, "rain"
, "raise"
, "rally"
, "ramp"
, "ranch"
, "random"
, "range"
, "rapid"
, "rare"
, "rate"
, "rather"
, "raven"
, "raw"
, "razor"
, "ready"
, "real"
, "reason"
, "rebel"
, "rebuild"
, "recall"
, "receive"
, "recipe"
, "record"
, "recycle"
, "reduce"
, "reflect"
, "reform"
, "refuse"
, "region"
, "regret"
, "regular"
, "reject"
, "relax"
, "release"
, "relief"
, "rely"
, "remain"
, "remember"
, "remind"
, "remove"
, "render"
, "renew"
, "rent"
, "reopen"
, "repair"
, "repeat"
, "replace"
, "report"
, "require"
, "rescue"
, "resemble"
, "resist"
, "resource"
, "response"
, "result"
, "retire"
, "retreat"
, "return"
, "reunion"
, "reveal"
, "review"
, "reward"
, "rhythm"
, "rib"
, "ribbon"
, "rice"
, "rich"
, "ride"
, "ridge"
, "rifle"
, "right"
, "rigid"
, "ring"
, "riot"
, "ripple"
, "risk"
, "ritual"
, "rival"
, "river"
, "road"
, "roast"
, "robot"
, "robust"
, "rocket"
, "romance"
, "roof"
, "rookie"
, "room"
, "rose"
, "rotate"
, "rough"
, "round"
, "route"
, "royal"
, "rubber"
, "rude"
, "rug"
, "rule"
, "run"
, "runway"
, "rural"
, "sad"
, "saddle"
, "sadness"
, "safe"
, "sail"
, "salad"
, "salmon"
, "salon"
, "salt"
, "salute"
, "same"
, "sample"
, "sand"
, "satisfy"
, "satoshi"
, "sauce"
, "sausage"
, "save"
, "say"
, "scale"
, "scan"
, "scare"
, "scatter"
, "scene"
, "scheme"
, "school"
, "science"
, "scissors"
, "scorpion"
, "scout"
, "scrap"
, "screen"
, "script"
, "scrub"
, "sea"
, "search"
, "season"
, "seat"
, "second"
, "secret"
, "section"
, "security"
, "seed"
, "seek"
, "segment"
, "select"
, "sell"
, "seminar"
, "senior"
, "sense"
, "sentence"
, "series"
, "service"
, "session"
, "settle"
, "setup"
, "seven"
, "shadow"
, "shaft"
, "shallow"
, "share"
, "shed"
, "shell"
, "sheriff"
, "shield"
, "shift"
, "shine"
, "ship"
, "shiver"
, "shock"
, "shoe"
, "shoot"
, "shop"
, "short"
, "shoulder"
, "shove"
, "shrimp"
, "shrug"
, "shuffle"
, "shy"
, "sibling"
, "sick"
, "side"
, "siege"
, "sight"
, "sign"
, "silent"
, "silk"
, "silly"
, "silver"
, "similar"
, "simple"
, "since"
, "sing"
, "siren"
, "sister"
, "situate"
, "six"
, "size"
, "skate"
, "sketch"
, "ski"
, "skill"
, "skin"
, "skirt"
, "skull"
, "slab"
, "slam"
, "sleep"
, "slender"
, "slice"
, "slide"
, "slight"
, "slim"
, "slogan"
, "slot"
, "slow"
, "slush"
, "small"
, "smart"
, "smile"
, "smoke"
, "smooth"
, "snack"
, "snake"
, "snap"
, "sniff"
, "snow"
, "soap"
, "soccer"
, "social"
, "sock"
, "soda"
, "soft"
, "solar"
, "soldier"
, "solid"
, "solution"
, "solve"
, "someone"
, "song"
, "soon"
, "sorry"
, "sort"
, "soul"
, "sound"
, "soup"
, "source"
, "south"
, "space"
, "spare"
, "spatial"
, "spawn"
, "speak"
, "special"
, "speed"
, "spell"
, "spend"
, "sphere"
, "spice"
, "spider"
, "spike"
, "spin"
, "spirit"
, "split"
, "spoil"
, "sponsor"
, "spoon"
, "sport"
, "spot"
, "spray"
, "spread"
, "spring"
, "spy"
, "square"
, "squeeze"
, "squirrel"
, "stable"
, "stadium"
, "staff"
, "stage"
, "stairs"
, "stamp"
, "stand"
, "start"
, "state"
, "stay"
, "steak"
, "steel"
, "stem"
, "step"
, "stereo"
, "stick"
, "still"
, "sting"
, "stock"
, "stomach"
, "stone"
, "stool"
, "story"
, "stove"
, "strategy"
, "street"
, "strike"
, "strong"
, "struggle"
, "student"
, "stuff"
, "stumble"
, "style"
, "subject"
, "submit"
, "subway"
, "success"
, "such"
, "sudden"
, "suffer"
, "sugar"
, "suggest"
, "suit"
, "summer"
, "sun"
, "sunny"
, "sunset"
, "super"
, "supply"
, "supreme"
, "sure"
, "surface"
, "surge"
, "surprise"
, "surround"
, "survey"
, "suspect"
, "sustain"
, "swallow"
, "swamp"
, "swap"
, "swarm"
, "swear"
, "sweet"
, "swift"
, "swim"
, "swing"
, "switch"
, "sword"
, "symbol"
, "symptom"
, "syrup"
, "system"
, "table"
, "tackle"
, "tag"
, "tail"
, "talent"
, "talk"
, "tank"
, "tape"
, "target"
, "task"
, "taste"
, "tattoo"
, "taxi"
, "teach"
, "team"
, "tell"
, "ten"
, "tenant"
, "tennis"
, "tent"
, "term"
, "test"
, "text"
, "thank"
, "that"
, "theme"
, "then"
, "theory"
, "there"
, "they"
, "thing"
, "this"
, "thought"
, "three"
, "thrive"
, "throw"
, "thumb"
, "thunder"
, "ticket"
, "tide"
, "tiger"
, "tilt"
, "timber"
, "time"
, "tiny"
, "tip"
, "tired"
, "tissue"
, "title"
, "toast"
, "tobacco"
, "today"
, "toddler"
, "toe"
, "together"
, "toilet"
, "token"
, "tomato"
, "tomorrow"
, "tone"
, "tongue"
, "tonight"
, "tool"
, "tooth"
, "top"
, "topic"
, "topple"
, "torch"
, "tornado"
, "tortoise"
, "toss"
, "total"
, "tourist"
, "toward"
, "tower"
, "town"
, "toy"
, "track"
, "trade"
, "traffic"
, "tragic"
, "train"
, "transfer"
, "trap"
, "trash"
, "travel"
, "tray"
, "treat"
, "tree"
, "trend"
, "trial"
, "tribe"
, "trick"
, "trigger"
, "trim"
, "trip"
, "trophy"
, "trouble"
, "truck"
, "true"
, "truly"
, "trumpet"
, "trust"
, "truth"
, "try"
, "tube"
, "tuition"
, "tumble"
, "tuna"
, "tunnel"
, "turkey"
, "turn"
, "turtle"
, "twelve"
, "twenty"
, "twice"
, "twin"
, "twist"
, "two"
, "type"
, "typical"
, "ugly"
, "umbrella"
, "unable"
, "unaware"
, "uncle"
, "uncover"
, "under"
, "undo"
, "unfair"
, "unfold"
, "unhappy"
, "uniform"
, "unique"
, "unit"
, "universe"
, "unknown"
, "unlock"
, "until"
, "unusual"
, "unveil"
, "update"
, "upgrade"
, "uphold"
, "upon"
, "upper"
, "upset"
, "urban"
, "urge"
, "usage"
, "use"
, "used"
, "useful"
, "useless"
, "usual"
, "utility"
, "vacant"
, "vacuum"
, "vague"
, "valid"
, "valley"
, "valve"
, "van"
, "vanish"
, "vapor"
, "various"
, "vast"
, "vault"
, "vehicle"
, "velvet"
, "vendor"
, "venture"
, "venue"
, "verb"
, "verify"
, "version"
, "very"
, "vessel"
, "veteran"
, "viable"
, "vibrant"
, "vicious"
, "victory"
, "video"
, "view"
, "village"
, "vintage"
, "violin"
, "virtual"
, "virus"
, "visa"
, "visit"
, "visual"
, "vital"
, "vivid"
, "vocal"
, "voice"
, "void"
, "volcano"
, "volume"
, "vote"
, "voyage"
, "wage"
, "wagon"
, "wait"
, "walk"
, "wall"
, "walnut"
, "want"
, "warfare"
, "warm"
, "warrior"
, "wash"
, "wasp"
, "waste"
, "water"
, "wave"
, "way"
, "wealth"
, "weapon"
, "wear"
, "weasel"
, "weather"
, "web"
, "wedding"
, "weekend"
, "weird"
, "welcome"
, "west"
, "wet"
, "whale"
, "what"
, "wheat"
, "wheel"
, "when"
, "where"
, "whip"
, "whisper"
, "wide"
, "width"
, "wife"
, "wild"
, "will"
, "win"
, "window"
, "wine"
, "wing"
, "wink"
, "winner"
, "winter"
, "wire"
, "wisdom"
, "wise"
, "wish"
, "witness"
, "wolf"
, "woman"
, "wonder"
, "wood"
, "wool"
, "word"
, "work"
, "world"
, "worry"
, "worth"
, "wrap"
, "wreck"
, "wrestle"
, "wrist"
, "write"
, "wrong"
, "yard"
, "year"
, "yellow"
, "you"
, "young"
, "youth"
, "zebra"
, "zero"
, "zone"
, "zoo"
]