h-raylib-5.6.0.0: raylib/examples/core/core_3d_camera_fps.c
/*******************************************************************************************
*
* raylib [core] example - 3d camera fps
*
* Example complexity rating: [★★★☆] 3/4
*
* Example originally created with raylib 5.5, last time updated with raylib 5.5
*
* Example contributed by Agnis Aldiņš (@nezvers) and reviewed by Ramon Santamaria (@raysan5)
*
* Example licensed under an unmodified zlib/libpng license, which is an OSI-certified,
* BSD-like license that allows static linking with closed source software
*
* Copyright (c) 2025 Agnis Aldiņš (@nezvers)
*
********************************************************************************************/
#include "raylib.h"
#include "raymath.h"
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Defines and Macros
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Movement constants
#define GRAVITY 32.0f
#define MAX_SPEED 20.0f
#define CROUCH_SPEED 5.0f
#define JUMP_FORCE 12.0f
#define MAX_ACCEL 150.0f
// Grounded drag
#define FRICTION 0.86f
// Increasing air drag, increases strafing speed
#define AIR_DRAG 0.98f
// Responsiveness for turning movement direction to looked direction
#define CONTROL 15.0f
#define CROUCH_HEIGHT 0.0f
#define STAND_HEIGHT 1.0f
#define BOTTOM_HEIGHT 0.5f
#define NORMALIZE_INPUT 0
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Types and Structures Definition
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Body structure
typedef struct {
Vector3 position;
Vector3 velocity;
Vector3 dir;
bool isGrounded;
} Body;
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Global Variables Definition
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static Vector2 sensitivity = { 0.001f, 0.001f };
static Body player = { 0 };
static Vector2 lookRotation = { 0 };
static float headTimer = 0.0f;
static float walkLerp = 0.0f;
static float headLerp = STAND_HEIGHT;
static Vector2 lean = { 0 };
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Module Functions Declaration
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void DrawLevel(void);
static void UpdateCameraFPS(Camera *camera);
static void UpdateBody(Body *body, float rot, char side, char forward, bool jumpPressed, bool crouchHold);
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Program main entry point
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(void)
{
// Initialization
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
const int screenWidth = 800;
const int screenHeight = 450;
InitWindow(screenWidth, screenHeight, "raylib [core] example - 3d camera fps");
// Initialize camera variables
// NOTE: UpdateCameraFPS() takes care of the rest
Camera camera = { 0 };
camera.fovy = 60.0f;
camera.projection = CAMERA_PERSPECTIVE;
camera.position = (Vector3){
player.position.x,
player.position.y + (BOTTOM_HEIGHT + headLerp),
player.position.z,
};
UpdateCameraFPS(&camera); // Update camera parameters
DisableCursor(); // Limit cursor to relative movement inside the window
SetTargetFPS(60); // Set our game to run at 60 frames-per-second
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Main game loop
while (!WindowShouldClose()) // Detect window close button or ESC key
{
// Update
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vector2 mouseDelta = GetMouseDelta();
lookRotation.x -= mouseDelta.x*sensitivity.x;
lookRotation.y += mouseDelta.y*sensitivity.y;
char sideway = (IsKeyDown(KEY_D) - IsKeyDown(KEY_A));
char forward = (IsKeyDown(KEY_W) - IsKeyDown(KEY_S));
bool crouching = IsKeyDown(KEY_LEFT_CONTROL);
UpdateBody(&player, lookRotation.x, sideway, forward, IsKeyPressed(KEY_SPACE), crouching);
float delta = GetFrameTime();
headLerp = Lerp(headLerp, (crouching ? CROUCH_HEIGHT : STAND_HEIGHT), 20.0f*delta);
camera.position = (Vector3){
player.position.x,
player.position.y + (BOTTOM_HEIGHT + headLerp),
player.position.z,
};
if (player.isGrounded && ((forward != 0) || (sideway != 0)))
{
headTimer += delta*3.0f;
walkLerp = Lerp(walkLerp, 1.0f, 10.0f*delta);
camera.fovy = Lerp(camera.fovy, 55.0f, 5.0f*delta);
}
else
{
walkLerp = Lerp(walkLerp, 0.0f, 10.0f*delta);
camera.fovy = Lerp(camera.fovy, 60.0f, 5.0f*delta);
}
lean.x = Lerp(lean.x, sideway*0.02f, 10.0f*delta);
lean.y = Lerp(lean.y, forward*0.015f, 10.0f*delta);
UpdateCameraFPS(&camera);
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Draw
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BeginDrawing();
ClearBackground(RAYWHITE);
BeginMode3D(camera);
DrawLevel();
EndMode3D();
// Draw info box
DrawRectangle(5, 5, 330, 75, Fade(SKYBLUE, 0.5f));
DrawRectangleLines(5, 5, 330, 75, BLUE);
DrawText("Camera controls:", 15, 15, 10, BLACK);
DrawText("- Move keys: W, A, S, D, Space, Left-Ctrl", 15, 30, 10, BLACK);
DrawText("- Look around: arrow keys or mouse", 15, 45, 10, BLACK);
DrawText(TextFormat("- Velocity Len: (%06.3f)", Vector2Length((Vector2){ player.velocity.x, player.velocity.z })), 15, 60, 10, BLACK);
EndDrawing();
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
}
// De-Initialization
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CloseWindow(); // Close window and OpenGL context
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
return 0;
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Module Functions Definition
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Update body considering current world state
void UpdateBody(Body *body, float rot, char side, char forward, bool jumpPressed, bool crouchHold)
{
Vector2 input = (Vector2){ (float)side, (float)-forward };
#if defined(NORMALIZE_INPUT)
// Slow down diagonal movement
if ((side != 0) && (forward != 0)) input = Vector2Normalize(input);
#endif
float delta = GetFrameTime();
if (!body->isGrounded) body->velocity.y -= GRAVITY*delta;
if (body->isGrounded && jumpPressed)
{
body->velocity.y = JUMP_FORCE;
body->isGrounded = false;
// Sound can be played at this moment
//SetSoundPitch(fxJump, 1.0f + (GetRandomValue(-100, 100)*0.001));
//PlaySound(fxJump);
}
Vector3 front = (Vector3){ sinf(rot), 0.f, cosf(rot) };
Vector3 right = (Vector3){ cosf(-rot), 0.f, sinf(-rot) };
Vector3 desiredDir = (Vector3){ input.x*right.x + input.y*front.x, 0.0f, input.x*right.z + input.y*front.z, };
body->dir = Vector3Lerp(body->dir, desiredDir, CONTROL*delta);
float decel = (body->isGrounded ? FRICTION : AIR_DRAG);
Vector3 hvel = (Vector3){ body->velocity.x*decel, 0.0f, body->velocity.z*decel };
float hvelLength = Vector3Length(hvel); // Magnitude
if (hvelLength < (MAX_SPEED*0.01f)) hvel = (Vector3){ 0 };
// This is what creates strafing
float speed = Vector3DotProduct(hvel, body->dir);
// Whenever the amount of acceleration to add is clamped by the maximum acceleration constant,
// a Player can make the speed faster by bringing the direction closer to horizontal velocity angle
// More info here: https://youtu.be/v3zT3Z5apaM?t=165
float maxSpeed = (crouchHold? CROUCH_SPEED : MAX_SPEED);
float accel = Clamp(maxSpeed - speed, 0.f, MAX_ACCEL*delta);
hvel.x += body->dir.x*accel;
hvel.z += body->dir.z*accel;
body->velocity.x = hvel.x;
body->velocity.z = hvel.z;
body->position.x += body->velocity.x*delta;
body->position.y += body->velocity.y*delta;
body->position.z += body->velocity.z*delta;
// Fancy collision system against the floor
if (body->position.y <= 0.0f)
{
body->position.y = 0.0f;
body->velocity.y = 0.0f;
body->isGrounded = true; // Enable jumping
}
}
// Update camera for FPS behaviour
static void UpdateCameraFPS(Camera *camera)
{
const Vector3 up = (Vector3){ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f };
const Vector3 targetOffset = (Vector3){ 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f };
// Left and right
Vector3 yaw = Vector3RotateByAxisAngle(targetOffset, up, lookRotation.x);
// Clamp view up
float maxAngleUp = Vector3Angle(up, yaw);
maxAngleUp -= 0.001f; // Avoid numerical errors
if ( -(lookRotation.y) > maxAngleUp) { lookRotation.y = -maxAngleUp; }
// Clamp view down
float maxAngleDown = Vector3Angle(Vector3Negate(up), yaw);
maxAngleDown *= -1.0f; // Downwards angle is negative
maxAngleDown += 0.001f; // Avoid numerical errors
if ( -(lookRotation.y) < maxAngleDown) { lookRotation.y = -maxAngleDown; }
// Up and down
Vector3 right = Vector3Normalize(Vector3CrossProduct(yaw, up));
// Rotate view vector around right axis
float pitchAngle = -lookRotation.y - lean.y;
pitchAngle = Clamp(pitchAngle, -PI/2 + 0.0001f, PI/2 - 0.0001f); // Clamp angle so it doesn't go past straight up or straight down
Vector3 pitch = Vector3RotateByAxisAngle(yaw, right, pitchAngle);
// Head animation
// Rotate up direction around forward axis
float headSin = sinf(headTimer*PI);
float headCos = cosf(headTimer*PI);
const float stepRotation = 0.01f;
camera->up = Vector3RotateByAxisAngle(up, pitch, headSin*stepRotation + lean.x);
// Camera BOB
const float bobSide = 0.1f;
const float bobUp = 0.15f;
Vector3 bobbing = Vector3Scale(right, headSin*bobSide);
bobbing.y = fabsf(headCos*bobUp);
camera->position = Vector3Add(camera->position, Vector3Scale(bobbing, walkLerp));
camera->target = Vector3Add(camera->position, pitch);
}
// Draw game level
static void DrawLevel(void)
{
const int floorExtent = 25;
const float tileSize = 5.0f;
const Color tileColor1 = (Color){ 150, 200, 200, 255 };
// Floor tiles
for (int y = -floorExtent; y < floorExtent; y++)
{
for (int x = -floorExtent; x < floorExtent; x++)
{
if ((y & 1) && (x & 1))
{
DrawPlane((Vector3){ x*tileSize, 0.0f, y*tileSize}, (Vector2){ tileSize, tileSize }, tileColor1);
}
else if (!(y & 1) && !(x & 1))
{
DrawPlane((Vector3){ x*tileSize, 0.0f, y*tileSize}, (Vector2){ tileSize, tileSize }, LIGHTGRAY);
}
}
}
const Vector3 towerSize = (Vector3){ 16.0f, 32.0f, 16.0f };
const Color towerColor = (Color){ 150, 200, 200, 255 };
Vector3 towerPos = (Vector3){ 16.0f, 16.0f, 16.0f };
DrawCubeV(towerPos, towerSize, towerColor);
DrawCubeWiresV(towerPos, towerSize, DARKBLUE);
towerPos.x *= -1;
DrawCubeV(towerPos, towerSize, towerColor);
DrawCubeWiresV(towerPos, towerSize, DARKBLUE);
towerPos.z *= -1;
DrawCubeV(towerPos, towerSize, towerColor);
DrawCubeWiresV(towerPos, towerSize, DARKBLUE);
towerPos.x *= -1;
DrawCubeV(towerPos, towerSize, towerColor);
DrawCubeWiresV(towerPos, towerSize, DARKBLUE);
// Red sun
DrawSphere((Vector3){ 300.0f, 300.0f, 0.0f }, 100.0f, (Color){ 255, 0, 0, 255 });
}