gf-3.4: lib/src/catalan/ParadigmsCat.gf
--# -path=.:../romance:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
--1 Catalan Lexical Paradigms
--
-- Aarne Ranta 2004 - 2006
-- Jordi Saludes 2008: Modified from ParadigmsSpa
--
-- This is an API for the user of the resource grammar
-- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
-- expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
--
-- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
-- accessed through the resource syntax API, $Structural.gf$.
--
-- The main difference with $MorphoCat.gf$ is that the types
-- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover
-- had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather
-- than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms.
--
-- The structure of functions for each word class $C$ is the following:
-- first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
-- regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function $mkC$, which serves as an
-- escape to construct the most irregular words of type $C$. For
-- verbs, there is a fairly complete list of irregular verbs in
-- [``IrregCat`` ../../catalan/IrregCat.gf].
resource ParadigmsCat =
open
(Predef=Predef),
Prelude,
MorphoCat,
BeschCat,
CatCat in {
flags
optimize=all ;
-- coding = utf8 ;
--2 Parameters
--
-- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
oper
Gender : Type ;
masculine : Gender ;
feminine : Gender ;
-- To abstract over number names, we define the following.
Number : Type ;
singular : Number ;
plural : Number ;
-- Prepositions used in many-argument functions are either strings
-- (including the 'accusative' empty string) or strings that
-- amalgamate with the following word (the 'genitive' "de" and the
-- 'dative' "a").
accusative : Prep ; -- direct object
genitive : Prep ; -- preposition "de"
dative : Prep ; -- preposition "a"
mkPrep : Str -> Prep ; -- other preposition
--2 Nouns
mkN : overload {
-- The regular function takes the singular form and the gender,
-- and computes the plural and the gender by a heuristic.
-- The heuristic says that the gender is feminine for nouns
-- ending with "a" or "z", and masculine for all other words.
-- Nouns ending with "a", "o", "e" have the plural with "s",
-- those ending with "z" have "ces" in plural; all other nouns
-- have "es" as plural ending. The accent is not dealt with. TODO
mkN : (llum : Str) -> N ; -- regular, with heuristics for plural and gender
-- A different gender can be forced.
mkN : Str -> Gender -> N ; -- force gender
-- The worst case has two forms (singular + plural) and the gender.
mkN : (disc,discos : Str) -> Gender -> N -- worst case
} ;
--3 Compound nouns
--
-- Some nouns are ones where the first part is inflected as a noun but
-- the second part is not inflected. e.g. "número de telèfon".
-- They could be formed in syntax, but we give a shortcut here since
-- they are frequent in lexica.
compN : N -> Str -> N ; -- compound, e.g. "número" + "de telèfon"
--3 Relational nouns
--
-- Relational nouns ("filla de x") need a case and a preposition.
mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ; -- e.g. filla + genitive
-- The most common cases are the genitive "de" and the dative "a",
-- with the empty preposition.
deN2 : N -> N2 ; -- relation with genitive
aN2 : N -> N2 ; -- relation with dative
-- Three-place relational nouns ("la connexió de x a y") need two prepositions.
mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ; -- e.g. connexió + genitive + dative
--3 Relational common noun phrases
--
-- In some cases, you may want to make a complex $CN$ into a
-- relational noun (e.g. "the old town hall of"). However, $N2$ and
-- $N3$ are purely lexical categories. But you can use the $AdvCN$
-- and $PrepNP$ constructions to build phrases like this.
--
--3 Proper names and noun phrases
--
-- Proper names need a string and a gender.
-- The default gender is feminine for names ending with "a", otherwise masculine. TODO
mkPN : overload {
mkPN : (Anna : Str) -> PN ; -- feminine for "-a", otherwise masculine
mkPN : (Pilar : Str) -> Gender -> PN -- force gender
} ;
--2 Adjectives
mkA : overload {
-- For regular adjectives, all forms are derived from the
-- masculine singular. The types of adjectives that are recognized are
-- "alto", "fuerte", "util". Comparison is formed by "mas".
mkA : (sol : Str) -> A ; -- regular
-- One-place adjectives compared with "mas" need five forms in the worst
-- case (masc and fem singular, masc plural, adverbial).
mkA : (fort,forta,forts,fortes,fortament : Str) -> A ; -- worst case
-- In the worst case, two separate adjectives are given:
-- the positive ("bo"), and the comparative ("millor").
mkA : (bo : A) -> (millor : A) -> A -- special comparison (default with "mas")
} ;
-- The functions above create postfix adjectives. To switch
-- them to prefix ones (i.e. ones placed before the noun in
-- modification, as in "gran casa"), the following function is
-- provided.
-- JS: What about vi bo -> bon vi ?
prefixA : A -> A ; -- adjective before noun (default: after)
--3 Two-place adjectives
--
-- Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ; -- e.g. "casat" + dative
--2 Adverbs
-- Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
-- after the verb.
mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;
-- Some appear next to the verb (e.g. "sempre").
mkAdV : Str -> AdV ;
-- Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
--2 Verbs
mkV : overload {
-- Regular verbs are ones inflected like "cantar", "perdre", "tÈmer", "perdre", "servir", "dormir"
-- The regular verb function works for models I, IIa, IIb and IIa
-- The module $BeschCat$ gives the complete set of "Bescherelle" conjugations.
mkV : (cantar : Str) -> V ; -- regular in models I, IIa, IIb
-- Verbs with vowel alternatition in the stem - easiest to give with
-- two forms, e.g. "mostrar"/"muestro". TODO
--JS: Needed? mkV : (mostrar,muestro : Str) -> V ;
-- Most irregular verbs are found in $IrregCat$. If this is not enough,
-- the module $BeschCat$ gives all the patterns of the "Bescherelle"
-- book. To use them in the category $V$, wrap them with the function
mkV : Verbum -> V -- use verb constructed in BeschCat
} ;
-- To form reflexive verbs:
reflV : V -> V ; -- reflexive verb
-- Verbs with a deviant passive participle: just give the participle
-- in masculine singular form as second argument.
special_ppV : V -> Str -> V ; --%
--3 Two-place verbs
--
-- Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
-- (transitive verbs).
mkV2 : overload {
mkV2 : Str -> V2 ; -- regular verb, direct object
mkV2 : V -> V2 ; -- any verb, direct object
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 -- preposition for complement
} ;
-- You can reuse a $V2$ verb in $V$.
v2V : V2 -> V ; --%
--3 Three-place verbs
--
-- Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
-- the first one or both can be absent.
mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 ; -- parlar, a, de
dirV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ; -- donar,(accusative),a
dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- donar,(dative),(accusative)
--3 Other complement patterns
--
-- Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
-- questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
mkV0 : V -> V0 ; --%
mkVS : V -> VS ;
mkV2S : V -> Prep -> V2S ;
mkVV : V -> VV ; -- plain infinitive: "vull parlar"
deVV : V -> VV ; -- "acabar de parlar"
aVV : V -> VV ; -- "aprendre a parlar"
mkV2V : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V ;
mkVA : V -> VA ;
mkV2A : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A ;
mkVQ : V -> VQ ;
mkV2Q : V -> Prep -> V2Q ;
mkAS : A -> AS ; --%
mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ; --%
mkAV : A -> Prep -> AV ; --%
mkA2V : A -> Prep -> Prep -> A2V ; --%
-- Notice: categories $AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$,
-- and the second argument is given
-- as an adverb. Likewise
-- $V0$ is just $V$.
V0 : Type ; --%
AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ; --%
--.
--2 The definitions of the paradigms
--
-- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
-- hidden from the document.
Gender = MorphoCat.Gender ;
Number = MorphoCat.Number ;
masculine = Masc ;
feminine = Fem ;
singular = Sg ;
plural = Pl ;
accusative = complAcc ** {lock_Prep = <>} ;
genitive = complGen ** {lock_Prep = <>} ;
dative = complDat ** {lock_Prep = <>} ;
mkPrep p = {s = p ; c = Acc ; isDir = False ; lock_Prep = <>} ;
mk2N x y g = mkNounIrreg x y g ** {lock_N = <>} ;
regN x = mkNomReg x ** {lock_N = <>} ;
compN x y = {s = \\n => x.s ! n ++ y ; g = x.g ; lock_N = <>} ;
femN x = {s = x.s ; g = feminine ; lock_N = <>} ;
mascN x = {s = x.s ; g = masculine ; lock_N = <>} ;
mkN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = p} ;
deN2 n = mkN2 n genitive ;
aN2 n = mkN2 n dative ;
mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = p ; c3 = q} ;
mk2PN x g = {s = x ; g = g; isPersonal = True ; lock_PN = <>} ;
regPN x = mk2PN x g where {
g = case last x of {
"a" => feminine ;
_ => masculine
}
} ;
makeNP x g n = {s = (pn2np (mk2PN x g)).s; a = agrP3 g n ; hasClit = False ; isPol = False ; isNeg = False} ** {lock_NP = <>} ;
mk5A a b c d e =
compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdj a b c d e).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
mk2A a b = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdj2Reg a b).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
regA a = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdjReg a).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
prefA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; lock_A = <>} ;
mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = p ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
mkADeg a b =
{s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => b.s ! Posit} ;
isPre = a.isPre ; lock_A = <>} ;
compADeg a =
{s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => \\f => "més" ++ a.s ! Posit ! f} ;
isPre = a.isPre ;
lock_A = <>} ;
regADeg a = compADeg (regA a) ;
mkAdv x = ss x ** {lock_Adv = <>} ;
mkAdV x = ss x ** {lock_AdV = <>} ;
mkAdA x = ss x ** {lock_AdA = <>} ;
regV x = -- cantar, perdre, tÈmer, dormir, (servir)
let
verb = case (Predef.dp 2 x) of {
"re" => perdre_83 x ;
"er" => témer_107 x ;
"ir" => dormir_44 x ; -- JS TODO: Consider "servir"
_ => cantar_15 x
}
in verbBesch verb ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
reflV v = {s = v.s ; vtyp = VRefl ; lock_V = <>} ;
verbV ve = verbBesch ve ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
reflVerbV : Verbum -> V = \ve -> reflV (verbV ve) ;
special_ppV ve pa = {
s = table {
VPart g n => (regA pa).s ! Posit ! AF g n ;
p => ve.s ! p
} ;
lock_V = <> ;
vtyp = VHabere
} ;
-- regAltV x y = verbV (regAlternV x y) ;
mk2V2 v p = {s = v.s ; vtyp = v.vtyp ; c2 = p ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
dirV2 v = mk2V2 v accusative ;
v2V v = v ** {lock_V = <>} ;
mkV3 v p q = {s = v.s ; vtyp = v.vtyp ;
c2 = p ; c3 = q ; lock_V3 = <>} ;
dirV3 v p = mkV3 v accusative p ;
dirdirV3 v = dirV3 v dative ;
V0 : Type = V ;
AS, AV : Type = A ;
A2S, A2V : Type = A2 ;
mkV0 v = v ** {lock_V0 = <>} ;
mkVS v = v ** {m = \\_ => Indic ; lock_VS = <>} ; ---- more moods
mkV2S v p = mk2V2 v p ** {mn,mp = Indic ; lock_V2S = <>} ;
mkVV v = v ** {c2 = complAcc ; lock_VV = <>} ;
deVV v = v ** {c2 = complGen ; lock_VV = <>} ;
aVV v = v ** {c2 = complDat ; lock_VV = <>} ;
mkV2V v p t = mkV3 v p t ** {lock_V2V = <>} ;
mkVA v = v ** {lock_VA = <>} ;
mkV2A v p q = mkV3 v p q ** {lock_V2A = <>} ;
mkVQ v = v ** {lock_VQ = <>} ;
mkV2Q v p = mk2V2 v p ** {lock_V2Q = <>} ;
mkAS v = v ** {lock_AS = <>} ; ---- more moods
mkA2S v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A2S = <>} ;
mkAV v p = v ** {c = p.p1 ; s2 = p.p2 ; lock_AV = <>} ;
mkA2V v p q = mkA2 v p ** {s3 = q.p2 ; c3 = q.p1 ; lock_A2V = <>} ;
---
mkN = overload {
mkN : (llum : Str) -> N = regN ;
mkN : Str -> Gender -> N = \s,g -> {s = (regN s).s ; g = g ; lock_N = <>};
mkN : (disc,discos : Str) -> Gender -> N = mk2N
} ;
regN : Str -> N ;
mk2N : (disc,discos : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
mascN : N -> N ;
femN : N -> N ;
mkPN = overload {
mkPN : (Anna : Str) -> PN = regPN ;
mkPN : (Pilar : Str) -> Gender -> PN = mk2PN
} ;
mk2PN : Str -> Gender -> PN ; -- Joan
regPN : Str -> PN ; -- feminine for "-a", otherwise masculine
-- To form a noun phrase that can also be plural,
-- you can use the worst-case function.
makeNP : Str -> Gender -> Number -> NP ;
mkA = overload {
mkA : (util : Str) -> A = regA ;
mkA : (lleig,lletja : Str) -> A = mk2A ;
mkA : (fort,forta,forts,fortes,fortament : Str) -> A = mk5A ;
mkA : (bo : A) -> (millor : A) -> A = mkADeg ;
} ;
mk5A : (fort,forta,forts,fortes,fortament : Str) -> A ;
mk2A : (lleig,lletja : Str) -> A ;
regA : Str -> A ;
mkADeg : A -> A -> A ;
compADeg : A -> A ;
regADeg : Str -> A ;
prefA : A -> A ;
prefixA = prefA ;
mkV = overload {
mkV : (cantar : Str) -> V = regV ;
--JS mkV : (mostrar,muestro : Str) -> V = regAltV ;
mkV : Verbum -> V = verbV
} ;
regV : Str -> V ;
--JS regAltV : (mostrar,muestro : Str) -> V ;
verbV : Verbum -> V ;
mkV2 = overload {
mkV2 : Str -> V2 = \s -> dirV2 (regV s) ;
mkV2 : V -> V2 = dirV2 ;
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 = mk2V2
} ;
mk2V2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
} ;