gf-3.2: lib/src/dutch/ParadigmsDut.gf
--# -path=.:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
--1 Dutch Lexical Paradigms
--
-- Aarne Ranta 2009
--
-- This is an API for the user of the resource grammar
-- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
-- expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
--
-- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
-- accessed through the resource syntax API, $Structural.gf$.
--
-- The structure of functions for each word class $C$ is the following:
-- first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
-- cases, from the most regular (with just one argument) to the worst.
-- The name of this function is $mkC$.
--
-- There is also a module [``IrregDut`` IrregDut.gf]
-- which covers irregular verbs.
resource ParadigmsDut = open
(Predef=Predef),
Prelude,
ResDut,
CatDut
in
{
--2 Parameters
-- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
oper
masculine : Gender ; --%
feminine : Gender ; --%
neuter : Gender ; --%
utrum : Gender ; --%
de : Gender ; -- non-neutrum
het : Gender ; -- neutrum
--2 Nouns
mkN : overload {
mkN : (muis : Str) -> N ; -- de muis-muisen, with some predictable exceptions
mkN : (bit : Str) -> Gender -> N ; -- if gender is not predictable
mkN : (gat,gaten : Str) -> Gender -> N ; -- worst-case for nouns
} ;
-- Relational nouns need a preposition. The most common is "van".
mkN2 : overload {
mkN2 : N -> N2 ; -- relational noun with preposition van
mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 -- other preposition than van
} ;
---- Use the function $mkPrep$ or see the section on prepositions below to
---- form other prepositions.
---- Some prepositions are moreover constructed in [StructuralDut StructuralDut.html].
----
---- Three-place relational nouns ("die Verbindung von x nach y") need two prepositions.
--
mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ; -- e.g. afstand + van + naar
--3 Proper names and noun phrases
mkPN : overload {
mkPN : Str -> PN ; -- proper name
} ;
--2 Adjectives
mkA : overload {
mkA : (vers : Str) -> A ; -- regular adjective
mkA : (goed,goede,goeds,beter,best : Str) -> A ; -- irregular adjective
} ;
-- Invariable adjective are a special case.
invarA : Str -> A ; -- adjective with just one form
---- Two-place adjectives are formed by adding a preposition to an adjective.
mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ; -- e.g. getrouwd + met
--2 Adverbs
-- Adverbs are formed from strings.
mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;
--2 Prepositions
-- A preposition is formed from a string.
mkPrep : Str -> Prep ;
---- A couple of common prepositions (always with the dative).
--
van_Prep : Prep ;
te_Prep : Prep ;
--
--2 Verbs
mkV : overload {
mkV : (aaien : Str) -> V ; -- regular verb
mkV : (breken,brak,gebroken : Str) -> V ; -- theme of irregular verb
mkV : (breken,brak,braken,gebroken : Str) -> V ; -- also past plural irregular
mkV : (aai,aait,aaien,aaide,aaide,aaiden,geaaid : Str) -> V ; -- worst-case verb
-- To add a movable suffix e.g. "auf(fassen)".
mkV : Str -> V -> V -- add movable suffix, e.g. af + stappen
} ;
zijnV : V -> V ; -- force zijn as auxiliary (default hebben)
reflV : V -> V ; -- reflexive verb e.g. zich afvragen
--
--
--3 Three-place verbs
-- Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
-- the first one or both can be absent.
mkV3 : overload {
mkV3 : V -> V3 ; -- geven,(accusative),(dative)
mkV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ; -- sturen,(accusative),naar
mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 ; -- praten, met, over
} ;
----3 Other complement patterns
----
---- Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
---- questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
mkV0 : V -> V0 ; --%
mkVS : V -> VS ;
mkV2S : V -> Prep -> V2S ;
mkVV : V -> VV ;
mkV2V : V -> Prep -> V2V ;
mkVA : V -> VA ;
mkV2A : V -> Prep -> V2A ;
mkVQ : V -> VQ ;
mkV2Q : V -> Prep -> V2Q ;
--
-- mkAS : A -> AS ;
-- mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ;
-- mkAV : A -> AV ;
-- mkA2V : A -> Prep -> A2V ;
--
---- Notice: categories $AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$,
---- and the second argument is given as an adverb. Likewise
---- $V0$ is just $V$.
--
-- V0 : Type ;
-- AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
--
--
--.
mkOrd : A -> Ord = \a -> lin Ord {s = a.s ! Posit} ;
mkN = overload {
mkN : (muis : Str) -> N
= \a -> lin N (regNoun a) ;
mkN : (bit : Str) -> Gender -> N
= \a,b -> lin N (regNounG a b) ;
mkN : (gat,gaten : Str) -> Gender -> N
= \a,b,c -> lin N (mkNoun a b c) ;
} ;
mkN2 = overload {
mkN2 : N -> N2
= \n -> lin N2 (n ** {c2 = "van"}) ;
mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2
= \n,p -> lin N2 (n ** {c2 = p.s}) ;
} ;
mkN3 n p q = lin N3 (n ** {c2 = p.s ; c3 = q.s}) ;
mkPN = overload {
mkPN : Str -> PN = \s -> lin PN {s = \\_ => s} ;
} ;
masculine = Utr ;
feminine = Utr ;
het,neuter = Neutr ;
de,utrum = Utr ;
mkA = overload {
mkA : (vers : Str) -> A = \a -> lin A (regAdjective a) ;
mkA : (goed,goede,goeds,beter,best : Str) -> A = \a,b,c,d,e -> lin A (mkAdjective a b c d e) ;
} ;
mkPrep s = lin Prep (ss s) ;
van_Prep = mkPrep "van" ;
te_Prep = mkPrep "te" ;
mkV = overload {
mkV : (aaien : Str) -> V =
\s -> lin V (v2vv (regVerb s)) ;
mkV : (breken,brak,gebroken : Str) -> V =
\a,b,c -> lin V (v2vv (irregVerb a b c)) ;
mkV : (breken,brak,braken,gebroken : Str) -> V =
\a,b,c,d -> lin V (v2vv (irregVerb2 a b c d)) ;
mkV : (aai,aait,aaien,aaide,aaiden,geaaid : Str) -> V =
\a,b,c,d,f,g -> lin V (v2vv (mkVerb a b c d d f g)) ;
mkV : Str -> V -> V = \v,s ->lin V (prefixV v s) ;
} ;
zijnV v = lin V (v2vvAux v VZijn) ;
reflV v = lin V {s = v.s ; aux = v.aux ; prefix = v.prefix ; vtype = VRefl} ;
zijn_V : V = lin V ResDut.zijn_V ;
hebben_V : V = lin V ResDut.hebben_V ;
mkV2 = overload {
mkV2 : Str -> V2 = \s -> lin V2 (v2vv (regVerb s) ** {c2 = []}) ;
mkV2 : V -> V2 = \s -> lin V2 (s ** {c2 = []}) ;
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 = \s,p -> lin V2 (s ** {c2 = p.s}) ;
} ;
--3 Two-place verbs
mkV2 : overload {
mkV2 : Str -> V2 ;
mkV2 : V -> V2 ;
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
} ;
mkV3 = overload {
mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 = mkmaxV3 ;
mkV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 = \v,p -> mkmaxV3 v (mkPrep []) p ;
mkV3 : V -> V3 = \v -> mkmaxV3 v (mkPrep []) (mkPrep []) ;
} ;
mkmaxV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 = \v,c,d -> lin V3 (v ** {c2 = c.s ; c3 = d.s}) ;
----2 Definitions of paradigms
----
---- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
---- hidden from the document.
--
--
--
-- Gender = MorphoDut.Gender ;
-- Case = MorphoDut.Case ;
-- Number = MorphoDut.Number ;
-- masculine = Masc ;
-- feminine = Fem ;
-- neuter = Neutr ;
-- nominative = Nom ;
-- accusative = Acc ;
-- dative = Dat ;
-- genitive = Gen ;
-- singular = Sg ;
-- plural = Pl ;
--
-- mk6N a b c d e f g = MorphoDut.mkN a b c d e f g ** {lock_N = <>} ;
--
-- regN : Str -> N = \hund -> case hund of {
-- _ + "e" => mk6N hund hund hund hund (hund + "n") (hund + "n") Fem ;
-- _ + ("ion" | "ung") => mk6N hund hund hund hund (hund + "en") (hund + "en") Fem ;
-- _ + ("er" | "en" | "el") => mk6N hund hund hund (genitS hund) hund (pluralN hund) Masc ;
-- _ => mk6N hund hund hund (genitS hund) (hund + "e") (pluralN hund) Masc
-- } ;
--
-- reg2N : (x1,x2 : Str) -> Gender -> N = \hund,hunde,g ->
-- let
-- hunds = genitS hund ;
-- hundE = dativE hund ;
-- hunden = pluralN hunde
-- in
-- case <hund,hunde,g> of { -- Duden p. 223
-- <_,_ + ("e" | "er"), Masc | Neutr> => -- I,IV
-- mk6N hund hund hundE hunds hunde hunden g ;
-- <_ + ("el"|"er"|"en"),_ + ("el"|"er"|"en"), Masc | Neutr> => -- II
-- mk6N hund hund hund hunds hunde hunden g ;
-- <_,_ + "s", Masc | Neutr> => -- V
-- mk6N hund hund hund (hund + "s") hunde hunde g ;
-- <_,_ + "en", Masc> => -- VI
-- mk6N hund hunde hunde hunde hunde hunde g ;
-- <_,_ + ("e" | "er"), Fem> => -- VII,VIII
-- mk6N hund hund hund hund hunde hunden g ;
-- <_,_ + ("n" | "s"), Fem> => -- IX,X
-- mk6N hund hund hund hund hunde hunde g ;
-- _ => {s = (regN hund).s ; g = g ; lock_N = <>}
-- } ;
--
-- mkN2 = overload {
-- mkN2 : Str -> N2 = \s -> vonN2 (regN s) ;
-- mkN2 : N -> N2 = vonN2 ;
-- mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 = mmkN2
-- } ;
--
--
-- mmkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 = \n,p -> n ** {c2 = p ; lock_N2 = <>} ;
-- vonN2 : N -> N2 = \n -> n ** {c2 = {s = "von" ; c = dative} ; lock_N2 = <>} ;
--
-- mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {c2 = p ; c3 = q ; lock_N3 = <>} ;
--
-- mk2PN = \karolus, karoli ->
-- {s = table {Gen => karoli ; _ => karolus} ; lock_PN = <>} ;
-- regPN = \horst ->
-- mk2PN horst (ifTok Tok (Predef.dp 1 horst) "s" horst (horst + "s")) ;
--
-- mkPN = overload {
-- mkPN : Str -> PN = regPN ;
-- mkPN : (nom,gen : Str) -> PN = mk2PN ;
-- mkPN : (nom,acc,dat,gen : Str) -> PN = \nom,acc,dat,gen ->
-- {s = table {Nom => nom ; Acc => acc ; Dat => dat ; Gen => gen} ; lock_PN = <>}
-- } ;
--
-- mk2PN : (karolus, karoli : Str) -> PN ; -- karolus, karoli
-- regPN : (Johann : Str) -> PN ;
-- -- Johann, Johanns ; Johannes, Johannes
--
--
-- mk3A : (gut,besser,beste : Str) -> A = \a,b,c ->
-- let aa : Str = case a of {
-- teu + "er" => teu + "r" ;
-- mud + "e" => mud ;
-- _ => a
-- } in
-- MorphoDut.mkA a aa b (init c) ** {lock_A = <>} ;
-- mk4A : (gut,gute,besser,beste : Str) -> A = \a,aa,b,c ->
-- MorphoDut.mkA a aa b (init c) ** {lock_A = <>} ;
--
-- regA : Str -> A = \a -> case a of {
-- teu + "er" => mk3A a (teu + "rer") (teu + "reste") ;
-- _ + "e" => mk3A a (a + "r") (a + "ste") ;
-- _ => mk3A a (a + "er") (a + "este")
-- } ;
invarA = \s -> lin A {s = \\_,_ => s} ; ---- comparison
mkA2 = \a,p -> lin A2 (a ** {c2 = p.s}) ;
mkAdv s = {s = s ; lock_Adv = <>} ;
--
-- mkPrep s c = {s = s ; c = c ; lock_Prep = <>} ;
noPrep = mkPrep [] ;
-- datPrep = mkPrep [] dative ;
-- genPrep = mkPrep [] genitive ;
-- von_Prep = mkPrep "von" dative ;
-- zu_Prep = mkPrep "zu" dative ;
--
-- mk6V geben gibt gib gab gaebe gegeben =
-- let
-- geb = stemVerb geben ;
-- gebe = geb + "e" ;
-- gibst = verbST (init gibt) ;
-- gebt = verbT geb ;
-- gabst = verbST gab ;
-- gaben = pluralN gab ;
-- gabt = verbT gab
-- in
-- MorphoDut.mkV
-- geben gebe gibst gibt gebt gib gab gabst gaben gabt gaebe gegeben
-- [] VHaben ** {lock_V = <>} ;
--
-- regV fragen =
-- let
-- frag = stemVerb fragen ;
-- fragt = verbT frag ;
-- fragte = fragt + "e" ;
-- gefragt = "ge" + fragt ;
-- in
-- mk6V fragen fragt (frag + "e") fragte fragte gefragt ;
--
-- irregV singen singt sang saenge gesungen =
-- let
-- sing = stemVerb singen ;
-- in
-- mk6V singen singt sing sang saenge gesungen ;
--
-- prefixV p v = MorphoDut.prefixV p v ** {lock_V = v.lock_V} ;
--
-- habenV v =
-- {s = v.s ; prefix = v.prefix ; lock_V = v.lock_V ; aux = VHaben ; vtype = v.vtype} ;
-- seinV v =
-- {s = v.s ; prefix = v.prefix ; lock_V = v.lock_V ; aux = VSein ; vtype = v.vtype} ;
-- reflV v c =
-- {s = v.s ; prefix = v.prefix ; lock_V = v.lock_V ; aux = VHaben ; vtype = VRefl c} ;
--
-- no_geV v = let vs = v.s in {
-- s = table {
-- p@(VPastPart _) => Predef.drop 2 (vs ! p) ;
-- p => vs ! p
-- } ;
-- prefix = v.prefix ; lock_V = v.lock_V ; aux = v.aux ; vtype = v.vtype
-- } ;
--
-- haben_V = MorphoDut.haben_V ** {lock_V = <>} ;
-- sein_V = MorphoDut.sein_V ** {lock_V = <>} ;
-- werden_V = MorphoDut.werden_V ** {lock_V = <>} ;
--
prepV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
prepV2 v c = lin V2 (v ** {c2 = c.s}) ;
-- dirV2 v = prepV2 v (mkPrep [] accusative) ;
-- datV2 v = prepV2 v (mkPrep [] dative) ;
--
--
mkVS v = lin VS v ;
mkVQ v = lin VQ v ;
mkVV v = lin VV (v ** {isAux = False}) ;
V0 : Type = V ;
-- AS, A2S, AV : Type = A ;
-- A2V : Type = A2 ;
mkV0 v = v ;
mkV2S v p = lin V2S (prepV2 v p) ;
mkV2V v p = lin V2V (prepV2 v p ** {isAux = False}) ;
mkVA v = lin VA v ;
mkV2A v p = lin V2A (prepV2 v p) ;
mkV2Q v p = lin V2Q (prepV2 v p) ;
--
-- mkAS v = v ** {lock_A = <>} ;
-- mkA2S v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A = <>} ;
-- mkAV v = v ** {lock_A = <>} ;
-- mkA2V v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A2 = <>} ;
--
---- pre-overload API and overload definitions
--
-- regN : Str -> N ;
-- reg2N : (x1,x2 : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
-- mk6N : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
--
-- mkN = overload {
-- mkN : Str -> N = regN ;
-- mkN : (x1,x2 : Str) -> Gender -> N = reg2N ;
-- mkN : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> Gender -> N = mk6N
-- };
--
--
--
-- regA : Str -> A ;
-- mk3A : (gut,besser,beste : Str) -> A ;
--
-- mkA = overload {
-- mkA : Str -> A = regA ;
-- mkA : (gut,besser,beste : Str) -> A = mk3A ;
-- mkA : (gut,gute,besser,beste : Str) -> A = mk4A
-- };
--
--
--
-- regV : Str -> V ;
-- irregV : (x1,_,_,_,x5 : Str) -> V ;
-- mk6V : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> V ;
--
-- prefixV : Str -> V -> V ;
--
-- mkV = overload {
-- mkV : Str -> V = regV ;
-- mkV : (x1,_,_,_,x5 : Str) -> V = irregV ;
-- mkV : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> V = mk6V ;
-- mkV : Str -> V -> V = prefixV
-- };
--
-- dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
--
-- datV2 : V -> V2 ;
--
-- mkV2 = overload {
-- mkV2 : Str -> V2 = \s -> dirV2 (regV s) ;
-- mkV2 : V -> V2 = dirV2 ;
-- mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 = prepV2;
-- mkV2 : V -> Case -> V2 = \v,c -> prepV2 v (mkPrep [] c)
-- } ;
--
--}
}