Encoding.hs

{-|

Module      : Network.Gemini.Capsule.Encoding
Description : funcitons to encode/decode our data types
Copyright   : (C) Jonathan Lamothe
License     : AGPL-3.0-or-later
Maintainer  : jonathan@jlamothe.net
Stability   : experimental
Portability : POSIX

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
Affero General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public
License along with this program.  If not, see
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

-}

{-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase, OverloadedStrings, RecordWildCards #-}

module Network.Gemini.Capsule.Encoding (
  encodeGemURL,
  decodeGemURL,
  escapeString,
  unescapeString,
  encodeGemResponse
) where

import qualified Data.ByteString as BS
import Data.ByteString.Builder (
  charUtf8,
  lazyByteString,
  stringUtf8,
  toLazyByteString,
  word8Dec)
import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as BSL
import Data.Char (chr, ord, toLower)
import Data.List (find, intercalate)
import Data.Maybe (fromJust, fromMaybe)
import qualified Data.Text as T
import Data.Text.Encoding (decodeUtf8')

import Network.Gemini.Capsule.Types

-- | Encodes a 'GemURL' into a 'String'
encodeGemURL :: GemURL -> String
encodeGemURL url =
  "gemini://" ++ authority ++ "/" ++ path ++ query
  where
    authority = gemHost url ++ case gemPort url of
      Just port -> ':' : show port
      Nothing   -> ""
    path = intercalate "/" $ map escapeString $ gemPath url
    query = case gemQuery url of
      Nothing -> ""
      Just q  -> '?' : escapeString q

-- | Decodes a 'GemURL' from a 'String' (if possible)
decodeGemURL :: String -> Maybe GemURL
decodeGemURL str = do
  let txt = T.pack str

  noProt <- case T.splitOn "://" txt of
    [prot, rest] -> if T.toLower prot == "gemini"
      then Just rest
      else Nothing
    _ -> Nothing

  noFrag <- case T.splitOn "#" noProt of
    [x, _] -> Just x
    [x]    -> Just x
    _      -> Nothing

  (noQuery, query) <- case T.splitOn "?" noFrag of
    [nq, q] -> Just (nq, Just q)
    [nq]    -> Just (nq, Nothing)
    _       -> Nothing

  gemQuery <- case query of
    Just q  -> Just <$> unescapeString (T.unpack q)
    Nothing -> Just Nothing

  (auth, path) <- case T.splitOn "/" noQuery of
    [a]     -> Just (a, [])
    [a, ""] -> Just (a, [])
    a:ps    -> Just (a, ps)
    _       -> Nothing

  gemPath  <- mapM (unescapeString . T.unpack) path

  (host, gemPort) <- case T.splitOn ":" auth of
    [h, p] -> case reads $ T.unpack p of
      [(n, "")] -> Just (h, Just n)
      _         -> Nothing
    [h] -> Just (h, Nothing)
    _   -> Nothing

  let gemHost = T.unpack host
  Just GemURL {..}

-- | add required escape sequences to a string
escapeString :: String -> String
escapeString = concatMap
  ( \n -> let ch = chr $ fromIntegral n in
    if ch `elem` unescaped
    then [ch]
    else '%' : toHex n
  ) . BSL.unpack . toLazyByteString . stringUtf8
  where
    unescaped = ['0'..'9'] ++ ['A'..'Z'] ++ ['a'..'z'] ++ "~-_."
    toHex =
      ( \n -> let
        high = n `div` 16
        low  = n `mod` 16
        in [hexDigits !! high, hexDigits !! low]
      ) . fromIntegral

-- | decode an escaped string back to its original value
unescapeString :: String -> Maybe String
unescapeString str = case decodeUtf8' $ BS.pack $ toBytes str of
    Right t -> Just $ T.unpack t
    _       -> Nothing
  where
    toBytes = \case
      "" -> []
      '%':h:l:sub -> let
        h' = toLower h
        l' = toLower l
        in if h' `elem` hexDigits && l' `elem` hexDigits
        then toByte h' l' : toBytes sub
        else fromIntegral (ord '%') : toBytes (h : l : sub)
      ch:sub ->
        BSL.unpack (toLazyByteString $ charUtf8 ch) ++ toBytes sub
    toByte h l = toNum h * 16 + toNum l
    toNum ch = fst $ fromJust $
      find (\x -> snd x == ch) $ zip [0..] hexDigits

-- | encodes a 'GemResponse' into a lazy ByteString
encodeGemResponse :: GemResponse -> BSL.ByteString
encodeGemResponse resp = let
  code = respStatus resp
  meta = respMeta resp
  body = fromMaybe "" $ respBody resp

  builder
    =  word8Dec code
    <> charUtf8 ' '
    <> stringUtf8 meta
    <> stringUtf8 "\r\n"
    <> lazyByteString body

  in toLazyByteString builder

hexDigits :: String
hexDigits = ['0'..'9'] ++ ['a'..'f']

--jl