diagrams-contrib-1.4: src/Diagrams/TwoD/Path/LSystem.hs
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- |
-- Module : Diagrams.TwoD.Path.LSystem
-- Copyright : (c) 2015 Jeffrey Rosenbluth
-- License : BSD-style (see LICENSE)
-- Maintainer : jeffrey.rosenbluth@gmail.com
--
-- Create LSystem diagrams and paths.
--
-- See "The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants".
-- <http://algorithmicbotany.org/papers/abop/abop-ch1.pdf>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
module Diagrams.TwoD.Path.LSystem
( -- * Lindenmayer Systems
-- ** L-Systems
Symbol(..)
, Rules
, generations
-- ** L-System graphics
, lSystemR , lSystem , lSystemPath , lSystemDiagram
-- ** Making rules from strings
, symbol, symbols
, rule
-- * Predefined L-Systems
, sierpinski, cantor
, dragon, hexGosper, kochIsland, kochLake
, koch1, koch2, koch3, koch4, koch5, koch6
, tree1, tree2, tree3, tree4, tree5, tree6
-- * Re-exports from "Diagrams.TwoD.Path.Turtle"
, TurtleState
, getTurtlePath, getTurtleDiagram
) where
import Control.Monad.Reader
import Diagrams.Prelude hiding (local)
import Diagrams.TwoD.Path.Turtle.Internal
import Data.Map (Map)
import qualified Data.Map as M
import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe)
-- | Symbols:
--
-- * @F (\'F\') draw a segment.@
-- * @G (\'f\' or \'G\') move the turtle one unit without drawing anything.@
-- * @Plus (\'+\') turn the turtle clockwise.@
-- * @Minus (\'-\') turn the turtle anti-clockwise.@
-- * @Reverse (\'!\') turn the turtle 180 degrees.@
-- * @Flip ('~') switch right and left.@
-- * @Push (\'[\') push the current state onto the stack.@
-- * @Pop (\']\') pop the current state.@
-- * @Width x (\'\<\', \'\>\') increase (decrease) stroke width by factor of 1.1 (0.9).@
-- * @Delta x (\'\(\', \'\)\') increase (decrease) turn angle by factor of 1.1 (0.9).@
-- * @X n (\'X\',\'Y\',\'Z\',\'A\',\'B\') constants.@
data Symbol n
= F
| G
| Plus
| Minus
| Reverse
| Flip
| Push
| Pop
| X Int
| Width n
| Delta n
deriving (Eq, Ord, Show)
-- | Production rules.
type Rules n = Map (Symbol n) [Symbol n]
data Environment n = Environment
{ angleInc :: Angle n
, turtleStack :: [TurtleState n]
}
push :: TurtleState n -> Environment n -> Environment n
push t (Environment a ts) = Environment a (t:ts)
pop :: Environment n -> Environment n
pop (Environment a (_:ts)) = Environment a ts
pop _ = error "Tried to pop from an empty stack in LSystem"
incAngle :: Num n => n -> Environment n -> Environment n
incAngle n (Environment a ts) = Environment (fmap (* n) a) ts
-- | Successive generations of the production rules applied to the
-- starting symbols.
generations :: Ord n => Rules n -> [Symbol n] -> [[Symbol n]]
generations dict syms = iterate (concatMap (produce dict)) syms
where
produce d s = fromMaybe [s] (M.lookup s d)
-- | Interpret a list of symbols as turtle graphics commands
-- to create a 'TurtleState'. The turtle data is tracked in a Reader monad.
lSystemR :: (Floating n, Ord n) => [Symbol n] -> Reader (Environment n) (TurtleState n)
lSystemR syms = go startTurtle syms
where
go turtle [] = return turtle
go turtle (x:xs) = case x of
F -> go (forward 1 . penDown $ turtle) xs
G -> go (forward 1 . penUp $ turtle) xs
Plus -> do
env <- ask
go (left (angleInc env ^. deg) turtle) xs
Minus -> do
env <- ask
go (right (angleInc env ^. deg) turtle) xs
Reverse -> go (left 180 turtle) xs
Flip -> local (incAngle (-1)) (go turtle xs)
Push -> local (push (penUp turtle)) (go turtle xs)
Pop -> do
env <- ask
case turtleStack env of
[] -> error "Nothing to pop"
(t:_) -> local pop $ go (t { currTrail = currTrail turtle
, paths = paths turtle}) xs
Width w -> go (setPenWidth ((* (1+w)) <$> (penWidth . currPenStyle $ turtle))
turtle) xs
Delta d -> local (incAngle (1+d)) (go turtle xs)
_ -> go turtle xs
-- | Create a 'TurtelState' using n iterations of the rules with given axiom symbols
-- and the angle increment, delta. The first segment is in the unitX direction.
lSystem :: (Floating n, Ord n)
=> Int -> Angle n -> [Symbol n] -> Rules n -> TurtleState n
lSystem n delta axiom rules =
runReader (lSystemR (generations rules axiom !! n)) (Environment delta [])
-- | Create a path using n iterations of the rules with given axiom symbols
-- and the angle increment, delta. The first segment is in the unitX direction.
-- The styles in the 'TurtleState' are ignored.
lSystemPath :: (Floating n, Ord n)
=> Int -> Angle n -> [Symbol n] -> Rules n -> Path V2 n
lSystemPath n delta axiom rules = getTurtlePath $ lSystem n delta axiom rules
-- | Create a diagram using n iterations of the rules with given axiom symbols
-- and the angle increment, delta. The first segment is in the unitX direction.
-- The styles in the 'TurtleState' are applied to the trails in the diagram.
lSystemDiagram :: (TypeableFloat n, Renderable (Path V2 n) b)
=> Int -> Angle n -> [Symbol n] -> Rules n -> QDiagram b V2 n Any
lSystemDiagram n delta axiom rules = getTurtleDiagram $ lSystem n delta axiom rules
symbol :: Fractional n => Char -> Symbol n
symbol 'F' = F
symbol 'G' = G
symbol 'f' = G
symbol '+' = Plus
symbol '-' = Minus
symbol '!' = Reverse
symbol '~' = Flip
symbol '[' = Push
symbol ']' = Pop
symbol 'X' = X 0
symbol 'Y' = X 1
symbol 'Z' = X 2
symbol 'A' = X 3
symbol 'B' = X 4
symbol 'C' = X 5
symbol '<' = Width 0.1
symbol '>' = Width (-0.1)
symbol '(' = Delta 0.1
symbol ')' = Delta (-0.1)
symbol c = error ("Invalid character " ++ [c])
symbols :: Fractional n => String -> [Symbol n]
symbols = map symbol
rule :: Fractional n => Char -> String -> (Symbol n, [Symbol n])
rule c cs = (symbol c, symbols cs)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Examples
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Path.LSystem
-- > sierpinskiEx = pad 1.1 . centerXY . lwO 4 . stroke . getTurtlePath $ sierpinski 6 :: Diagram B
-- | Sierpinski triangle.
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Path_LSystem_sierpinskiEx.svg#diagram=sierpinskiEx&height=400>>
sierpinski :: RealFloat n => Int -> TurtleState n
sierpinski n = lSystem n (60 @@ deg) (symbols "FX") rules
where
rules = M.fromList [ rule 'F' "Z"
, rule 'X' "+FY-FX-FY+"
, rule 'Y' "-FX+FY+FX-" ]
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Path.LSystem
-- > cantorEx = pad 1.1 . centerXY $ cantor 4 :: Diagram B
-- | Cantor dust
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Path_LSystem_cantorEx.svg#diagram=cantorEx&width=400>>
cantor :: (Renderable (Path V2 n) b, TypeableFloat n) => Int -> QDiagram b V2 n Any
cantor n = vsep 0.05 $ map dust [0..n]
where
dust i = scaleToX 1 . lw ultraThick $ lSystemDiagram i (0 @@ turn) (symbols "F") rules
rules = M.fromList [ rule 'F' "FfF"
, rule 'f' "fff" ]
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Path.LSystem
-- > dragonEx =
-- > pad 1.1 . centerXY . rotateBy (1/4) . getTurtleDiagram $ dragon 10 :: Diagram B
-- | Dragon curve
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Path_LSystem_dragonEx.svg#diagram=dragonEx&height=400>>
dragon :: RealFloat n => Int -> TurtleState n
dragon n = lSystem n (90 @@ deg) (symbols "FX") rules
where
rules = M.fromList [ rule 'F' "Z"
, rule 'X' "FX+FY+"
, rule 'Y' "-FX-FY" ]
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Path.LSystem
-- > hexGosperEx = rotateBy (1/4) . getTurtleDiagram $ hexGosper 4 :: Diagram B
-- | Hexagonal Gosper curve
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Path_LSystem_hexGosperEx.svg#diagram=hexGosperEx&height=400>>
hexGosper :: RealFloat n => Int -> TurtleState n
hexGosper n = lSystem n (60 @@ deg) (symbols "FX") hex
where
hex = M.fromList [ rule 'F' "Z"
, rule 'X' "FX+FY++FY-FX--FXFX-FY+"
, rule 'Y' "-FX+FYFY++FY+FX--FX-FY" ]
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Path.LSystem
-- > kochIslandEx = lwO 3 . stroke . getTurtlePath $ kochIsland 3 :: Diagram B
-- | Koch Island
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Path_LSystem_kochIslandEx.svg#diagram=kochIslandEx&height=400>>
kochIsland :: RealFloat n => Int -> TurtleState n
kochIsland n = lSystem n (90 @@ deg) axiom koch
where
koch = M.fromList [rule 'F' "F-F+F+FF-F-F+F"]
axiom = symbols "F-F-F-F"
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Path.LSystem
-- > kochLakeEx =
-- > pad 1.1 . centerXY . rotateBy (1/4) . getTurtleDiagram $ kochLake 2 :: Diagram B
-- | Koch lake
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Path_LSystem_kochLakeEx.svg#diagram=kochLakeEx&height=400>>
kochLake :: RealFloat n => Int -> TurtleState n
kochLake n = lSystem n (1/4 @@ turn) (symbols "F+F+F+F") lake
where
lake = M.fromList [ rule 'F' "F+f-FF+F+FF+Ff+FF-f+FF-F-FF-Ff-FFF"
, rule 'f' "ffffff"]
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Path.LSystem
-- > koch1Ex = lwO 3 . stroke . getTurtlePath $ koch1 4 :: Diagram B
-- | Koch curve 1
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Path_LSystem_koch1Ex.svg#diagram=koch1Ex&height=400>>
koch1 :: RealFloat n => Int -> TurtleState n
koch1 n = lSystem n (1/4 @@ turn) axiom koch
where
koch = M.fromList [rule 'F' "FF-F-F-F-F-F+F"]
axiom = symbols "F-F-F-F"
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Path.LSystem
-- > koch2Ex = getTurtleDiagram $ koch2 4 :: Diagram B
-- | Koch curve 2
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Path_LSystem_koch2Ex.svg#diagram=koch2Ex&height=400>>
koch2 :: RealFloat n => Int -> TurtleState n
koch2 n = lSystem n (1/4 @@ turn) axiom koch
where
koch = M.fromList [rule 'F' "FF-F-F-F-FF"]
axiom = symbols "F-F-F-F"
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Path.LSystem
-- > koch3Ex = pad 1.1 . centerXY . getTurtleDiagram $ koch3 3 :: Diagram B
-- | Koch curve 3
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Path_LSystem_koch3Ex.svg#diagram=koch3Ex&height=400>>
koch3 :: RealFloat n => Int -> TurtleState n
koch3 n = lSystem n (1/4 @@ turn) axiom koch
where
koch =M.fromList [rule 'F' "FF-F+F-F-FF"]
axiom = symbols "F-F-F-F"
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Path.LSystem
-- > koch4Ex = pad 1.1 . centerXY . getTurtleDiagram $ koch4 4 :: Diagram B
-- | Koch curve 4
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Path_LSystem_koch4Ex.svg#diagram=koch4Ex&height=400>>
koch4 :: RealFloat n => Int -> TurtleState n
koch4 n = lSystem n (1/4 @@ turn) axiom koch
where
koch = M.fromList [rule 'F' "FF-F--F-F"]
axiom = symbols "F-F-F-F"
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Path.LSystem
-- > koch5Ex = getTurtleDiagram $ koch5 5:: Diagram B
-- | Koch curve 5
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Path_LSystem_koch5Ex.svg#diagram=koch5Ex&height=400>>
koch5 :: RealFloat n => Int -> TurtleState n
koch5 n = lSystem n (1/4 @@ turn) axiom koch
where
koch = M.fromList [rule 'F' "F-FF--F-F"]
axiom = symbols "F-F-F-F"
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Path.LSystem
-- > koch6Ex = getTurtleDiagram $ koch6 4:: Diagram B
-- | Koch curve 6
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Path_LSystem_koch6Ex.svg#diagram=koch6Ex&height=400>>
koch6 :: RealFloat n => Int -> TurtleState n
koch6 n = lSystem n (1/4 @@ turn) axiom koch
where
koch = M.fromList [rule 'F' "F-F+F-F-F"]
axiom = symbols "F-F-F-F"
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Path.LSystem
-- > tree1Ex = rotateBy (1/4) . getTurtleDiagram $ tree1 5 :: Diagram B
-- | Tree 1
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Path_LSystem_tree1Ex.svg#diagram=tree1Ex&width=150>>
tree1 :: RealFloat n => Int -> TurtleState n
tree1 n = lSystem n (1/14 @@ turn) (symbols "F") tree
where
tree = M.fromList [rule 'F' "F[+F]F[-F]F"]
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Path.LSystem
-- > tree2Ex = rotateBy (1/4) . getTurtleDiagram $ tree2 6 :: Diagram B
-- | Tree 2
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Path_LSystem_tree2Ex.svg#diagram=tree2Ex&height=400>>
tree2 :: RealFloat n => Int -> TurtleState n
tree2 n = lSystem n (1/18 @@ turn) (symbols "F") tree
where
tree = M.fromList [rule 'F' "F[+>>>F]F[->>>F][>>>F]"]
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Path.LSystem
-- > tree3Ex = rotateBy (1/4) . getTurtleDiagram $ tree3 4 :: Diagram B
-- | Tree 3
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Path_LSystem_tree3Ex.svg#diagram=tree3Ex&height=400>>
tree3 :: RealFloat n => Int -> TurtleState n
tree3 n = lSystem n (1/16 @@ turn) (symbols "F") tree
where
tree = M.fromList [rule 'F' "FF-[->F+>F+>F]+[+>F->F->F]"]
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Path.LSystem
-- > tree4Ex = rotateBy (1/4) . getTurtleDiagram $ tree4 7 :: Diagram B
-- | Tree 4
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Path_LSystem_tree4Ex.svg#diagram=tree4Ex&height=400>>
tree4 :: RealFloat n => Int -> TurtleState n
tree4 n = lSystem n (1/18 @@ turn) (symbols "X") tree
where
tree = M.fromList [ rule 'X' "F>>[+X]F>>[-X]+X"
, rule 'F' "FF"]
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Path.LSystem
-- > tree5Ex = rotateBy (1/4) . getTurtleDiagram $ tree5 7 :: Diagram B
-- | Tree 5
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Path_LSystem_tree5Ex.svg#diagram=tree5Ex&height=400>>
tree5 :: RealFloat n => Int -> TurtleState n
tree5 n = lSystem n (1/14 @@ turn) (symbols "X") tree
where
tree = M.fromList [ rule 'X' "F[+>>X][->>X]F>X"
, rule 'F' "FF"]
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Path.LSystem
-- > tree6Ex = rotateBy (1/4) . getTurtleDiagram $ tree6 5 :: Diagram B
-- | Tree 6
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Path_LSystem_tree6Ex.svg#diagram=tree6Ex&height=400>>
tree6 :: RealFloat n => Int -> TurtleState n
tree6 n = lSystem n (1/16 @@ turn) (symbols "X") tree
where
tree = M.fromList [ rule 'X' "F-[[>>X]+X]+F[+F>>X]-X"
, rule 'F' "FF"]