combinat-0.2.10.1: src/Math/Combinat/Partitions/Integer/IntList.hs
-- | Partition functions working on lists of integers.
--
-- It's not recommended to use this module directly.
{-# LANGUAGE CPP, BangPatterns, ScopedTypeVariables #-}
module Math.Combinat.Partitions.Integer.IntList where
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import Data.List
import Control.Monad ( liftM , replicateM )
import Math.Combinat.Numbers ( factorial , binomial , multinomial )
import Math.Combinat.Helper
import Data.Array
import System.Random
import Math.Combinat.Partitions.Integer.Count ( countPartitions )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- * Type and basic stuff
-- | Sorts the input, and cuts the nonpositive elements.
_mkPartition :: [Int] -> [Int]
_mkPartition xs = sortBy (reverseCompare) $ filter (>0) xs
-- | This returns @True@ if the input is non-increasing sequence of
-- /positive/ integers (possibly empty); @False@ otherwise.
--
_isPartition :: [Int] -> Bool
_isPartition [] = True
_isPartition [x] = x > 0
_isPartition (x:xs@(y:_)) = (x >= y) && _isPartition xs
_dualPartition :: [Int] -> [Int]
_dualPartition [] = []
_dualPartition xs = go 0 (_diffSequence xs) [] where
go !i (d:ds) acc = go (i+1) ds (d:acc)
go n [] acc = finish n acc
finish !j (k:ks) = replicate k j ++ finish (j-1) ks
finish _ [] = []
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{-
-- more variations:
_dualPartition_b :: [Int] -> [Int]
_dualPartition_b [] = []
_dualPartition_b xs = go 1 (diffSequence xs) [] where
go !i (d:ds) acc = go (i+1) ds ((d,i):acc)
go _ [] acc = concatMap (\(d,i) -> replicate d i) acc
_dualPartition_c :: [Int] -> [Int]
_dualPartition_c [] = []
_dualPartition_c xs = reverse $ concat $ zipWith f [1..] (diffSequence xs) where
f _ 0 = []
f k d = replicate d k
-}
-- | A simpler, but bit slower (about twice?) implementation of dual partition
_dualPartitionNaive :: [Int] -> [Int]
_dualPartitionNaive [] = []
_dualPartitionNaive xs@(k:_) = [ length $ filter (>=i) xs | i <- [1..k] ]
-- | From a sequence @[a1,a2,..,an]@ computes the sequence of differences
-- @[a1-a2,a2-a3,...,an-0]@
_diffSequence :: [Int] -> [Int]
_diffSequence = go where
go (x:ys@(y:_)) = (x-y) : go ys
go [x] = [x]
go [] = []
-- | Example:
--
-- > _elements [5,4,1] ==
-- > [ (1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5)
-- > , (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4)
-- > , (3,1)
-- > ]
--
_elements :: [Int] -> [(Int,Int)]
_elements shape = [ (i,j) | (i,l) <- zip [1..] shape, j<-[1..l] ]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- * Exponential form
-- | We convert a partition to exponential form.
-- @(i,e)@ mean @(i^e)@; for example @[(1,4),(2,3)]@ corresponds to @(1^4)(2^3) = [2,2,2,1,1,1,1]@. Another example:
--
-- > toExponentialForm (Partition [5,5,3,2,2,2,2,1,1]) == [(1,2),(2,4),(3,1),(5,2)]
--
_toExponentialForm :: [Int] -> [(Int,Int)]
_toExponentialForm = reverse . map (\xs -> (head xs,length xs)) . group
_fromExponentialForm :: [(Int,Int)] -> [Int]
_fromExponentialForm = sortBy reverseCompare . go where
go ((j,e):rest) = replicate e j ++ go rest
go [] = []
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- * Generating partitions
-- | Partitions of @d@, as lists
_partitions :: Int -> [[Int]]
_partitions d = go d d where
go _ 0 = [[]]
go !h !n = [ a:as | a<-[1..min n h], as <- go a (n-a) ]
-- | All integer partitions up to a given degree (that is, all integer partitions whose sum is less or equal to @d@)
_allPartitions :: Int -> [[Int]]
_allPartitions d = concat [ _partitions i | i <- [0..d] ]
-- | All integer partitions up to a given degree (that is, all integer partitions whose sum is less or equal to @d@),
-- grouped by weight
_allPartitionsGrouped :: Int -> [[[Int]]]
_allPartitionsGrouped d = [ _partitions i | i <- [0..d] ]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Integer partitions of @d@, fitting into a given rectangle, as lists.
_partitions'
:: (Int,Int) -- ^ (height,width)
-> Int -- ^ d
-> [[Int]]
_partitions' _ 0 = [[]]
_partitions' ( 0 , _) d = if d==0 then [[]] else []
_partitions' ( _ , 0) d = if d==0 then [[]] else []
_partitions' (!h ,!w) d =
[ i:xs | i <- [1..min d h] , xs <- _partitions' (i,w-1) (d-i) ]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- * Random partitions
-- | Uniformly random partition of the given weight.
--
-- NOTE: This algorithm is effective for small @n@-s (say @n@ up to a few hundred \/ one thousand it should work nicely),
-- and the first time it is executed may be slower (as it needs to build the table 'partitionCountList' first)
--
-- Algorithm of Nijenhuis and Wilf (1975); see
--
-- * Knuth Vol 4A, pre-fascicle 3B, exercise 47;
--
-- * Nijenhuis and Wilf: Combinatorial Algorithms for Computers and Calculators, chapter 10
--
_randomPartition :: RandomGen g => Int -> g -> ([Int], g)
_randomPartition n g = (p, g') where
([p], g') = _randomPartitions 1 n g
-- | Generates several uniformly random partitions of @n@ at the same time.
-- Should be a little bit faster then generating them individually.
--
_randomPartitions
:: forall g. RandomGen g
=> Int -- ^ number of partitions to generate
-> Int -- ^ the weight of the partitions
-> g -> ([[Int]], g)
_randomPartitions howmany n = runRand $ replicateM howmany (worker n []) where
cnt = countPartitions
finish :: [(Int,Int)] -> [Int]
finish = _mkPartition . concatMap f where f (j,d) = replicate j d
fi :: Int -> Integer
fi = fromIntegral
find_jd :: Int -> Integer -> (Int,Int)
find_jd m capm = go 0 [ (j,d) | j<-[1..n], d<-[1..div m j] ] where
go :: Integer -> [(Int,Int)] -> (Int,Int)
go !s [] = (1,1) -- ??
go !s [jd] = jd -- ??
go !s (jd@(j,d):rest) =
if s' > capm
then jd
else go s' rest
where
s' = s + fi d * cnt (m - j*d)
worker :: Int -> [(Int,Int)] -> Rand g [Int]
worker 0 acc = return $ finish acc
worker !m acc = do
capm <- randChoose (0, (fi m) * cnt m - 1)
let jd@(!j,!d) = find_jd m capm
worker (m - j*d) (jd:acc)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- * Dominance order
-- | @q \`dominates\` p@ returns @True@ if @q >= p@ in the dominance order of partitions
-- (this is partial ordering on the set of partitions of @n@).
--
-- See <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominance_order>
--
_dominates :: [Int] -> [Int] -> Bool
_dominates qs ps
= and $ zipWith (>=) (sums (qs ++ repeat 0)) (sums ps)
where
sums = scanl (+) 0
-- | Lists all partitions of the same weight as @lambda@ and also dominated by @lambda@
-- (that is, all partial sums are less or equal):
--
-- > dominatedPartitions lam == [ mu | mu <- partitions (weight lam), lam `dominates` mu ]
--
_dominatedPartitions :: [Int] -> [[Int]]
_dominatedPartitions [] = [[]]
_dominatedPartitions lambda = go (head lambda) w dsums 0 where
n = length lambda
w = sum lambda
dsums = scanl1 (+) (lambda ++ repeat 0)
go _ 0 _ _ = [[]]
go !h !w (!d:ds) !e
| w > 0 = [ (a:as) | a <- [1..min h (d-e)] , as <- go a (w-a) ds (e+a) ]
| w == 0 = [[]]
| w < 0 = error "_dominatedPartitions: fatal error; shouldn't happen"
-- | Lists all partitions of the sime weight as @mu@ and also dominating @mu@
-- (that is, all partial sums are greater or equal):
--
-- > dominatingPartitions mu == [ lam | lam <- partitions (weight mu), lam `dominates` mu ]
--
_dominatingPartitions :: [Int] -> [[Int]]
_dominatingPartitions [] = [[]]
_dominatingPartitions mu = go w w dsums 0 where
n = length mu
w = sum mu
dsums = scanl1 (+) (mu ++ repeat 0)
go _ 0 _ _ = [[]]
go !h !w (!d:ds) !e
| w > 0 = [ (a:as) | a <- [max 0 (d-e)..min h w] , as <- go a (w-a) ds (e+a) ]
| w == 0 = [[]]
| w < 0 = error "_dominatingPartitions: fatal error; shouldn't happen"
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- * Partitions with given number of parts
-- | Lists partitions of @n@ into @k@ parts.
--
-- > sort (partitionsWithKParts k n) == sort [ p | p <- partitions n , numberOfParts p == k ]
--
-- Naive recursive algorithm.
--
_partitionsWithKParts
:: Int -- ^ @k@ = number of parts
-> Int -- ^ @n@ = the integer we partition
-> [[Int]]
_partitionsWithKParts k n = go n k n where
{-
h = max height
k = number of parts
n = integer
-}
go !h !k !n
| k < 0 = []
| k == 0 = if h>=0 && n==0 then [[] ] else []
| k == 1 = if h>=n && n>=1 then [[n]] else []
| otherwise = [ a:p | a <- [1..(min h (n-k+1))] , p <- go a (k-1) (n-a) ]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- * Partitions with only odd\/distinct parts
-- | Partitions of @n@ with only odd parts
_partitionsWithOddParts :: Int -> [[Int]]
_partitionsWithOddParts d = (go d d) where
go _ 0 = [[]]
go !h !n = [ a:as | a<-[1,3..min n h], as <- go a (n-a) ]
{-
-- | Partitions of @n@ with only even parts
--
-- Note: this is not very interesting, it's just @(map.map) (2*) $ _partitions (div n 2)@
--
_partitionsWithEvenParts :: Int -> [[Int]]
_partitionsWithEvenParts d = (go d d) where
go _ 0 = [[]]
go !h !n = [ a:as | a<-[2,4..min n h], as <- go a (n-a) ]
-}
-- | Partitions of @n@ with distinct parts.
--
-- Note:
--
-- > length (partitionsWithDistinctParts d) == length (partitionsWithOddParts d)
--
_partitionsWithDistinctParts :: Int -> [[Int]]
_partitionsWithDistinctParts d = (go d d) where
go _ 0 = [[]]
go !h !n = [ a:as | a<-[1..min n h], as <- go (a-1) (n-a) ]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- * Sub- and super-partitions of a given partition
-- | Returns @True@ of the first partition is a subpartition (that is, fit inside) of the second.
-- This includes equality
_isSubPartitionOf :: [Int] -> [Int] -> Bool
_isSubPartitionOf ps qs = and $ zipWith (<=) ps (qs ++ repeat 0)
-- | This is provided for convenience\/completeness only, as:
--
-- > isSuperPartitionOf q p == isSubPartitionOf p q
--
_isSuperPartitionOf :: [Int] -> [Int] -> Bool
_isSuperPartitionOf qs ps = and $ zipWith (<=) ps (qs ++ repeat 0)
-- | Sub-partitions of a given partition with the given weight:
--
-- > sort (subPartitions d q) == sort [ p | p <- partitions d, isSubPartitionOf p q ]
--
_subPartitions :: Int -> [Int] -> [[Int]]
_subPartitions d big
| null big = if d==0 then [[]] else []
| d > sum' big = []
| d < 0 = []
| otherwise = go d (head big) big
where
go :: Int -> Int -> [Int] -> [[Int]]
go !k !h [] = if k==0 then [[]] else []
go !k !h (b:bs)
| k<0 || h<0 = []
| k==0 = [[]]
| h==0 = []
| otherwise = [ this:rest | this <- [1..min h b] , rest <- go (k-this) this bs ]
----------------------------------------
-- | All sub-partitions of a given partition
_allSubPartitions :: [Int] -> [[Int]]
_allSubPartitions big
| null big = [[]]
| otherwise = go (head big) big
where
go _ [] = [[]]
go !h (b:bs)
| h==0 = []
| otherwise = [] : [ this:rest | this <- [1..min h b] , rest <- go this bs ]
----------------------------------------
-- | Super-partitions of a given partition with the given weight:
--
-- > sort (superPartitions d p) == sort [ q | q <- partitions d, isSubPartitionOf p q ]
--
_superPartitions :: Int -> [Int] -> [[Int]]
_superPartitions dd small
| dd < w0 = []
| null small = _partitions dd
| otherwise = go dd w1 dd (small ++ repeat 0)
where
w0 = sum' small
w1 = w0 - head small
-- d = remaining weight of the outer partition we are constructing
-- w = remaining weight of the inner partition (we need to reserve at least this amount)
-- h = max height (decreasing)
go !d !w !h (!a:as@(b:_))
| d < 0 = []
| d == 0 = if a == 0 then [[]] else []
| otherwise = [ this:rest | this <- [max 1 a .. min h (d-w)] , rest <- go (d-this) (w-b) this as ]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- * The Pieri rule
-- | The Pieri rule computes @s[lambda]*h[n]@ as a sum of @s[mu]@-s (each with coefficient 1).
--
-- See for example <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieri's_formula>
--
-- | We assume here that @lambda@ is a partition (non-increasing sequence of /positive/ integers)!
_pieriRule :: [Int] -> Int -> [[Int]]
_pieriRule lambda n
| n == 0 = [lambda]
| n < 0 = []
| otherwise = go n diffs dsums (lambda++[0])
where
diffs = n : _diffSequence lambda -- maximum we can add to a given row
dsums = reverse $ scanl1 (+) (reverse diffs) -- partial sums of remaining total we can add
go !k (d:ds) (p:ps@(q:_)) (l:ls)
| k > p = []
| otherwise = [ h:tl | a <- [ max 0 (k-q) .. min d k ] , let h = l+a , tl <- go (k-a) ds ps ls ]
go !k [d] _ [l] = if k <= d
then if l+k>0 then [[l+k]] else [[]]
else []
go !k [] _ _ = if k==0 then [[]] else []
-- | The dual Pieri rule computes @s[lambda]*e[n]@ as a sum of @s[mu]@-s (each with coefficient 1)
_dualPieriRule :: [Int] -> Int -> [[Int]]
_dualPieriRule lam n = map _dualPartition $ _pieriRule (_dualPartition lam) n
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------