Signal.hs

-- |
-- Module     : Simulation.Aivika.Signal
-- Copyright  : Copyright (c) 2009-2017, David Sorokin <david.sorokin@gmail.com>
-- License    : BSD3
-- Maintainer : David Sorokin <david.sorokin@gmail.com>
-- Stability  : experimental
-- Tested with: GHC 8.0.1
--
-- This module defines the signal which we can subscribe handlers to. 
-- These handlers can be disposed. The signal is triggered in the 
-- current time point actuating the corresponded computations from 
-- the handlers. 
--
module Simulation.Aivika.Signal
       (-- * Handling and Triggering Signal
        Signal(..),
        handleSignal_,
        handleSignalComposite,
        SignalSource,
        newSignalSource,
        publishSignal,
        triggerSignal,
        -- * Useful Combinators
        mapSignal,
        mapSignalM,
        apSignal,
        filterSignal,
        filterSignal_,
        filterSignalM,
        filterSignalM_,
        emptySignal,
        merge2Signals,
        merge3Signals,
        merge4Signals,
        merge5Signals,
        -- * Signal Arriving
        arrivalSignal,
        -- * Creating Signal in Time Points
        newSignalInTimes,
        newSignalInIntegTimes,
        newSignalInStartTime,
        newSignalInStopTime,
        newSignalInTimeGrid,
        -- * Delaying Signal
        delaySignal,
        delaySignalM,
        -- * Signal History
        SignalHistory,
        signalHistorySignal,
        newSignalHistory,
        newSignalHistoryStartingWith,
        readSignalHistory,
        -- * Signalable Computations
        Signalable(..),
        signalableChanged,
        emptySignalable,
        appendSignalable,
        -- * Debugging
        traceSignal) where

import Data.IORef
import Data.Monoid hiding ((<>))
import Data.Semigroup (Semigroup(..))
import Data.List.NonEmpty (NonEmpty((:|)))
import Data.List
import Data.Array

import Control.Monad
import Control.Monad.Trans

import Simulation.Aivika.Internal.Specs
import Simulation.Aivika.Internal.Parameter
import Simulation.Aivika.Internal.Simulation
import Simulation.Aivika.Internal.Dynamics
import Simulation.Aivika.Internal.Event
import Simulation.Aivika.Internal.Arrival
import Simulation.Aivika.Composite

import qualified Simulation.Aivika.Vector as V
import qualified Simulation.Aivika.Vector.Unboxed as UV

-- | The signal source that can publish its signal.
data SignalSource a =
  SignalSource { publishSignal :: Signal a,
                                  -- ^ Publish the signal.
                 triggerSignal :: a -> Event ()
                                  -- ^ Trigger the signal actuating 
                                  -- all its handlers at the current 
                                  -- simulation time point.
               }
  
-- | The signal that can have disposable handlers.  
data Signal a =
  Signal { handleSignal :: (a -> Event ()) -> Event DisposableEvent
           -- ^ Subscribe the handler to the specified 
           -- signal and return a nested computation
           -- within a disposable object that, being applied,
           -- unsubscribes the handler from this signal.
         }
  
-- | The queue of signal handlers.
data SignalHandlerQueue a =
  SignalHandlerQueue { queueList :: IORef [SignalHandler a] }
  
-- | It contains the information about the disposable queue handler.
data SignalHandler a =
  SignalHandler { handlerComp :: a -> Event (),
                  handlerRef  :: IORef () }

instance Eq (SignalHandler a) where
  x == y = (handlerRef x) == (handlerRef y)

-- | Subscribe the handler to the specified signal forever.
-- To subscribe the disposable handlers, use function 'handleSignal'.
handleSignal_ :: Signal a -> (a -> Event ()) -> Event ()
handleSignal_ signal h = 
  do x <- handleSignal signal h
     return ()

-- | Like 'handleSignal' but within the 'Composite' computation.
handleSignalComposite :: Signal a -> (a -> Event ()) -> Composite ()
handleSignalComposite signal h =
  do x <- liftEvent $ handleSignal signal h
     disposableComposite x
     
-- | Create a new signal source.
newSignalSource :: Simulation (SignalSource a)
newSignalSource =
  Simulation $ \r ->
  do list <- newIORef []
     let queue  = SignalHandlerQueue { queueList = list }
         signal = Signal { handleSignal = handle }
         source = SignalSource { publishSignal = signal, 
                                 triggerSignal = trigger }
         handle h =
           Event $ \p ->
           do x <- enqueueSignalHandler queue h
              return $
                DisposableEvent $
                Event $ \p -> dequeueSignalHandler queue x
         trigger a =
           Event $ \p -> triggerSignalHandlers queue a p
     return source

-- | Trigger all next signal handlers.
triggerSignalHandlers :: SignalHandlerQueue a -> a -> Point -> IO ()
{-# INLINE triggerSignalHandlers #-}
triggerSignalHandlers q a p =
  do hs <- readIORef (queueList q)
     forM_ hs $ \h ->
       invokeEvent p $ handlerComp h a
            
-- | Enqueue the handler and return its representative in the queue.            
enqueueSignalHandler :: SignalHandlerQueue a -> (a -> Event ()) -> IO (SignalHandler a)
{-# INLINE enqueueSignalHandler #-}
enqueueSignalHandler q h = 
  do r <- newIORef ()
     let handler = SignalHandler { handlerComp = h,
                                   handlerRef  = r }
     modifyIORef (queueList q) (handler :)
     return handler

-- | Dequeue the handler representative.
dequeueSignalHandler :: SignalHandlerQueue a -> SignalHandler a -> IO ()
{-# INLINE dequeueSignalHandler #-}
dequeueSignalHandler q h = 
  modifyIORef (queueList q) (delete h)

instance Functor Signal where
  fmap = mapSignal

instance Semigroup (Signal a) where
  (<>) = merge2Signals

  sconcat (x1 :| []) = x1
  sconcat (x1 :| [x2]) = merge2Signals x1 x2
  sconcat (x1 :| [x2, x3]) = merge3Signals x1 x2 x3
  sconcat (x1 :| [x2, x3, x4]) = merge4Signals x1 x2 x3 x4
  sconcat (x1 :| [x2, x3, x4, x5]) = merge5Signals x1 x2 x3 x4 x5
  sconcat (x1 :| x2 : x3 : x4 : x5 : xs) =
    sconcat $ merge5Signals x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 :| xs

instance Monoid (Signal a) where 
  
  mempty = emptySignal
  
  mappend = (<>)
  
  mconcat [] = emptySignal
  mconcat (h : t) = sconcat (h :| t)
  
-- | Map the signal according the specified function.
mapSignal :: (a -> b) -> Signal a -> Signal b
mapSignal f m =
  Signal { handleSignal = \h -> 
            handleSignal m $ h . f }

-- | Filter only those signal values that satisfy 
-- the specified predicate.
filterSignal :: (a -> Bool) -> Signal a -> Signal a
filterSignal p m =
  Signal { handleSignal = \h ->
            handleSignal m $ \a ->
            when (p a) $ h a }

-- | Filter only those signal values that satisfy
-- the specified predicate, but then ignoring the values.
filterSignal_ :: (a -> Bool) -> Signal a -> Signal ()
filterSignal_ p m =
  Signal { handleSignal = \h ->
            handleSignal m $ \a ->
            when (p a) $ h () }
  
-- | Filter only those signal values that satisfy
-- the specified predicate.
filterSignalM :: (a -> Event Bool) -> Signal a -> Signal a
filterSignalM p m =
  Signal { handleSignal = \h ->
            handleSignal m $ \a ->
            do x <- p a
               when x $ h a }
  
-- | Filter only those signal values that satisfy
-- the specified predicate, but then ignoring the values.
filterSignalM_ :: (a -> Event Bool) -> Signal a -> Signal ()
filterSignalM_ p m =
  Signal { handleSignal = \h ->
            handleSignal m $ \a ->
            do x <- p a
               when x $ h () }
  
-- | Merge two signals.
merge2Signals :: Signal a -> Signal a -> Signal a
merge2Signals m1 m2 =
  Signal { handleSignal = \h ->
            do x1 <- handleSignal m1 h
               x2 <- handleSignal m2 h
               return $ x1 <> x2 }

-- | Merge three signals.
merge3Signals :: Signal a -> Signal a -> Signal a -> Signal a
merge3Signals m1 m2 m3 =
  Signal { handleSignal = \h ->
            do x1 <- handleSignal m1 h
               x2 <- handleSignal m2 h
               x3 <- handleSignal m3 h
               return $ x1 <> x2 <> x3 }

-- | Merge four signals.
merge4Signals :: Signal a -> Signal a -> Signal a -> 
                 Signal a -> Signal a
merge4Signals m1 m2 m3 m4 =
  Signal { handleSignal = \h ->
            do x1 <- handleSignal m1 h
               x2 <- handleSignal m2 h
               x3 <- handleSignal m3 h
               x4 <- handleSignal m4 h
               return $ x1 <> x2 <> x3 <> x4 }
           
-- | Merge five signals.
merge5Signals :: Signal a -> Signal a -> Signal a -> 
                 Signal a -> Signal a -> Signal a
merge5Signals m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 =
  Signal { handleSignal = \h ->
            do x1 <- handleSignal m1 h
               x2 <- handleSignal m2 h
               x3 <- handleSignal m3 h
               x4 <- handleSignal m4 h
               x5 <- handleSignal m5 h
               return $ x1 <> x2 <> x3 <> x4 <> x5 }

-- | Compose the signal.
mapSignalM :: (a -> Event b) -> Signal a -> Signal b
mapSignalM f m =
  Signal { handleSignal = \h ->
            handleSignal m (f >=> h) }
  
-- | Transform the signal.
apSignal :: Event (a -> b) -> Signal a -> Signal b
apSignal f m =
  Signal { handleSignal = \h ->
            handleSignal m $ \a -> do { x <- f; h (x a) } }

-- | An empty signal which is never triggered.
emptySignal :: Signal a
emptySignal =
  Signal { handleSignal = \h -> return mempty }
                                    
-- | Represents the history of the signal values.
data SignalHistory a =
  SignalHistory { signalHistorySignal :: Signal a,  
                  -- ^ The signal for which the history is created.
                  signalHistoryTimes  :: UV.Vector Double,
                  signalHistoryValues :: V.Vector a }

-- | Create a history of the signal values.
newSignalHistory :: Signal a -> Composite (SignalHistory a)
newSignalHistory =
  newSignalHistoryStartingWith Nothing

-- | Create a history of the signal values starting with
-- the optional initial value.
newSignalHistoryStartingWith :: Maybe a -> Signal a -> Composite (SignalHistory a)
newSignalHistoryStartingWith init signal =
  do ts <- liftIO UV.newVector
     xs <- liftIO V.newVector
     case init of
       Nothing -> return ()
       Just a ->
         do t <- liftDynamics time
            liftIO $
              do UV.appendVector ts t
                 V.appendVector xs a
     handleSignalComposite signal $ \a ->
       Event $ \p ->
       do UV.appendVector ts (pointTime p)
          V.appendVector xs a
     return SignalHistory { signalHistorySignal = signal,
                            signalHistoryTimes  = ts,
                            signalHistoryValues = xs }
       
-- | Read the history of signal values.
readSignalHistory :: SignalHistory a -> Event (Array Int Double, Array Int a)
readSignalHistory history =
  do xs <- liftIO $ UV.freezeVector (signalHistoryTimes history)
     ys <- liftIO $ V.freezeVector (signalHistoryValues history)
     return (xs, ys)     
     
-- | Trigger the signal with the current time.
triggerSignalWithCurrentTime :: SignalSource Double -> Event ()
triggerSignalWithCurrentTime s =
  Event $ \p -> invokeEvent p $ triggerSignal s (pointTime p)

-- | Return a signal that is triggered in the specified time points.
newSignalInTimes :: [Double] -> Event (Signal Double)
newSignalInTimes xs =
  do s <- liftSimulation newSignalSource
     enqueueEventWithTimes xs $ triggerSignalWithCurrentTime s
     return $ publishSignal s
       
-- | Return a signal that is triggered in the integration time points.
-- It should be called with help of 'runEventInStartTime'.
newSignalInIntegTimes :: Event (Signal Double)
newSignalInIntegTimes =
  do s <- liftSimulation newSignalSource
     enqueueEventWithIntegTimes $ triggerSignalWithCurrentTime s
     return $ publishSignal s
     
-- | Return a signal that is triggered in the start time.
-- It should be called with help of 'runEventInStartTime'.
newSignalInStartTime :: Event (Signal Double)
newSignalInStartTime =
  do s <- liftSimulation newSignalSource
     t <- liftParameter starttime
     enqueueEvent t $ triggerSignalWithCurrentTime s
     return $ publishSignal s

-- | Return a signal that is triggered in the final time.
newSignalInStopTime :: Event (Signal Double)
newSignalInStopTime =
  do s <- liftSimulation newSignalSource
     t <- liftParameter stoptime
     enqueueEvent t $ triggerSignalWithCurrentTime s
     return $ publishSignal s

-- | Return a signal that is trigged in the grid by specified size.
newSignalInTimeGrid :: Int -> Event (Signal Int)
newSignalInTimeGrid n =
  do sc <- liftParameter simulationSpecs
     s  <- liftSimulation newSignalSource
     let loop []            = return ()
         loop ((i, t) : xs) = enqueueEvent t $
                              do triggerSignal s i
                                 loop xs
     loop $ timeGrid sc n
     return $ publishSignal s

-- | Describes a computation that also signals when changing its value.
data Signalable a =
  Signalable { readSignalable :: Event a,
               -- ^ Return a computation of the value.
               signalableChanged_ :: Signal ()
               -- ^ Return a signal notifying that the value has changed
               -- but without providing the information about the changed value.
             }

-- | Return a signal notifying that the value has changed.
signalableChanged :: Signalable a -> Signal a
signalableChanged x = mapSignalM (const $ readSignalable x) $ signalableChanged_ x

instance Functor Signalable where
  fmap f x = x { readSignalable = fmap f (readSignalable x) }

instance Semigroup a => Semigroup (Signalable a) where
  (<>) = appendSignalable

instance (Monoid a, Semigroup a) => Monoid (Signalable a) where

  mempty = emptySignalable
  mappend = (<>)

-- | Return an identity.
emptySignalable :: Monoid a => Signalable a
emptySignalable =
  Signalable { readSignalable = return mempty,
               signalableChanged_ = mempty }

-- | An associative operation.
appendSignalable :: Semigroup a => Signalable a -> Signalable a -> Signalable a
appendSignalable m1 m2 =
  Signalable { readSignalable = liftM2 (<>) (readSignalable m1) (readSignalable m2),
               signalableChanged_ = (signalableChanged_ m1) <> (signalableChanged_ m2) }

-- | Transform a signal so that the resulting signal returns a sequence of arrivals
-- saving the information about the time points at which the original signal was received.
arrivalSignal :: Signal a -> Signal (Arrival a)
arrivalSignal m = 
  Signal { handleSignal = \h ->
             Event $ \p ->
             do r <- newIORef Nothing
                invokeEvent p $
                  handleSignal m $ \a ->
                  Event $ \p ->
                  do t0 <- readIORef r
                     let t = pointTime p
                     writeIORef r (Just t)
                     invokeEvent p $
                       h Arrival { arrivalValue = a,
                                   arrivalTime  = t,
                                   arrivalDelay =
                                     case t0 of
                                       Nothing -> Nothing
                                       Just t0 -> Just (t - t0) }
         }

-- | Delay the signal values for the specified time interval.
delaySignal :: Double -> Signal a -> Signal a
delaySignal delta m =
  Signal { handleSignal = \h ->
            do r <- liftIO $ newIORef False
               h <- handleSignal m $ \a ->
                 Event $ \p ->
                 invokeEvent p $
                 enqueueEvent (pointTime p + delta) $ 
                 do x <- liftIO $ readIORef r
                    unless x $ h a
               return $ DisposableEvent $
                 disposeEvent h >>
                 (liftIO $ writeIORef r True)
         }

-- | Delay the signal values for time intervals recalculated for each value.
delaySignalM :: Event Double -> Signal a -> Signal a
delaySignalM delta m =
  Signal { handleSignal = \h ->
            do r <- liftIO $ newIORef False
               h <- handleSignal m $ \a ->
                 Event $ \p ->
                 do delta' <- invokeEvent p delta
                    invokeEvent p $
                      enqueueEvent (pointTime p + delta') $ 
                      do x <- liftIO $ readIORef r
                         unless x $ h a
               return $ DisposableEvent $
                 disposeEvent h >>
                 (liftIO $ writeIORef r True)
         }

-- | Show the debug message with the current simulation time.
traceSignal :: String -> Signal a -> Signal a 
traceSignal message m =
  Signal { handleSignal = \h ->
            handleSignal m $ traceEvent message . h }