# PenroseKiteDart
Author: Chris Reade
March 2021 - 2025
See LICENSE file
## Penrose Kites and Darts
Penrose\'s kite and dart tiles have the property that they can tile the entire plane aperiodicly.
There are rules to ensure legal tilings with the kites and darts.
Legal tilings can still get stuck (so cannot be continued to cover the entire plane) - these are called incorrect tilings.
This package is a Haskell library of tools to build, draw and explore finite tilings with kites and darts, making use of the
Haskell Diagrams package.
## Using the Package
You will need the Haskell Diagrams package
to be installed as well as this package (PenroseKiteDart). (See [Haskell Diagrams](https://diagrams.github.io)).
Once installed, a Main.hs module to produce diagrams should import a chosen backend for Diagrams such as the default (SVG)
along with Diagrams.Prelude
module Main (main) where
import Diagrams.Backend.SVG.CmdLine
import Diagrams.Prelude
plus (for Penrose Kite and Dart tilings)
import PKD
and optionally
import TgraphExamples
Then to ouput someExample figure
fig::Diagram B
fig = someExample
main :: IO ()
main = mainWith fig
When the code is executed it will generate an SVG file.
(See the Haskell Diagrams package for more details on producing diagrams.)
## Tgraphs to Describe Finite Tilings
Tile Graphs (`Tgraph`s) use a simple planar graph representation for finite patches of tiles.
A `Tgraph` is made from a list of faces with type `TileFace` each of which is a half-dart or a half-kite.
Each `TileFace` is thus a triangle with three positive Int vertices and a constructor
`LD` (left dart), `RD` (right dart), `LK` (left kite), `RK` (right kite).
For example a fool consists of two kites and a dart (= 4 half kites and 2 half darts):
fool :: Tgraph
fool = makeTgraph [RD (1,2,3),LD (1,3,4) -- right and left dart
,LK (5,3,2),RK (5,2,7) -- left and right kite
,RK (5,4,3),LK (5,6,4) -- right and left kite
]
The function
makeTgraph :: [TileFace] -> Tgraph
performs checks to make sure the tiling is legal, raising an error if there is a problem.
To produce a diagram, we simply draw the `Tgraph`
foolFigure :: Diagram B
foolFigure = labelled draw fool
## Modules
Module `PKD` is the main module which imports and re-exports everything.
That is, module `TileLib` and the Tgraph modules
`Tgraph.Compose`, `Tgraph.Decompose`, `Tgraph.Force`, `Tgraph.Relabelling`, `Tgraph.Prelude`, `Tgraph.Extras`.
`Try` is imported and re-exported by `Tgraph.Prelude` (used for results of partial functions).
`HalfTile` is imported and re-exported by `Tgraph.Prelude` (with the constructors `LD`,`RD`,`LK`,`RK`).
`CheckBackend` is imported by `TileLib` which rexports class `OKBackend`.
(The constraint `OKBackend b =>` is used extensively in the library to abstract types from any particular Backend).
`TgraphExamples` contains example Tgraphs and Diagrams.
## Further Information
A more detailed User Guide for the PenroseKiteDart package can be found at
- [PenroseKiteDart User Guide](https://readerunner.wordpress.com/2024/04/08/penrosekitedart-user-guides/)