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srtree 1.0.0.5 → 3.0.0.2

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ChangeLog.md view
@@ -1,5 +1,97 @@ # Changelog for srtree +## 3.0.0.2++- Added parser for NeoGP.jl ++## 3.0.0.1++- Fixed some wrong bounds ++## 3.0.0.0++- **BREAKING**: Removed the Accelerate AD backend (`Algorithm.SRTree.AD.Accelerate`).+  The `ADBackEnd` type now only has `SingleThread` and `MultiThread` constructors.+  This removes the `accelerate` and `accelerate-llvm-native` dependencies.+- Out-of-core equality saturation with paged e-graph store (SQLite/PostgreSQL)+- Frontier re-saturation: mark changed classes and re-saturate only the frontier+- Streaming matcher for n-ary and cached genericJoin paths (O(1) memory on paged graphs)+- Cycle-safe and size-budgeted `getBestExpr` extraction+- Bounded cost/best fixpoints so recalc terminates on cyclic graphs+- Bounded node-to-class and canonical maps on paged graphs (LRU caches)+- Fast ByteString double parser for dataset loading+- Thread `Loss` (not `Distribution`) through fitness functions; add `readLoss`+- Multiset e-graph improvements++## 2.0.1.7 ++- Added log10 MSE fitness function ++## 2.0.1.6++- Added Fractional Bayes model selection++## 2.0.1.5++- Fix `refit` to only replace the fitness if it improves the fitness +- Fix `paretoFront` ++## 2.0.1.4++- Added `loadTrainingOnly`, `splitData`, and `loadX` to `Data.SRTree.Datasets`+- Added `getFitness`, `getTheta`, `getSize`, `isSizeOf`, `getBestFitness` to `Algorithm.EqSat.Egraph`+- Added `parseNonTerms` to `Text.ParseSR` +- Added module `Algorithm.EqSat.SearchSR` with support functions for SR algorithms with EqSat++## 2.0.1.3++- Fix compatibility with stackage nightly ++## 2.0.1.2++- Fix bug where the parameters were printed as `t[:,ix]` instead of `t[ix]` in `showPython`++## 2.0.1.1++- MSE loss is now the default+- Renamed `--distribution` argument to `--loss` in eggp and easter.+- Fixed bug with Gaussian distribution and fixed number of parameters.+- Fixed bug in which `--number-params 0` would create parameters.+- Fixed bug in `rEGGression` that pattern matched equivalent expressions.+- Support to `--numpy` flag that prints the output as a numpy expression (experimental, eggp only).+- Support to `--simplify` flag that simplifies the expressions before displaying (experimental, eggp only).++## 2.0.1.0++- Support to Multiview Symbolic Regression in eggp and symregg.+- Support to `--number-params` argument that limits the maximum number of parameters and allow repated parameters in an expression.++## 2.0.0.4++- Cleaned up test cases (they were deprecated), will include new ones later ++## 2.0.0.3++- Fixed compatibility with random-1.3.0 and GHC-9.12.1 +- Fixed bug in Bernoulli distribution +- Removed `log(sqrt(x))` rule in parametric rules due to generating longer expressions +- Fixed DL calculation without the correct number of parameters +- Fixed memory issue when querying pattern distribution ++## 2.0.0.0 ++- Complete refactoring of the library+- Integration of other tools such as: srtree-opt, srtree-tools, srsimplify+- Implementation of Equality Saturation and support to e-graph +- Using Massiv for performance +- Using NLOpt as the optimization library ++## 1.1.0.0++- Reorganization of modules+- Renaming AD functions+- Inclusion of reverse mode that calculates the diagonal of and the full Hessian matrices+ ## 1.0.0.5  - Changed `base` and `mtl` versions
LICENSE view
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@-Copyright Author name here (c) 2021+Copyright (c) 2026, folivetti -All rights reserved.  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:@@ -13,7 +12,7 @@       disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided       with the distribution. -    * Neither the name of Author name here nor the names of other+    * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its       contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived       from this software without specific prior written permission. @@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT-OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,+HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
README.md view
@@ -1,28 +1,283 @@-# srtree: A symbolic regression expression tree structure.+# srtree: A supporting library for tree-based symbolic regression  -`srtree` is a Haskell library with a data structure and supporting functions to manipulate expression trees for symbolic regression.+`srtree` is a Haskell library that implements a tree-based structure for expressions and supporting functions to be used in the context of **symbolic regression** (SR). -The tree-like structure is defined as a fixed-point of an n-ary tree. The variables and parameters of the regression model are indexed as `Int`type and the constant values are `Double`.+This repository is also the home for different algorithm implementations for SR and software tools to support the post-processing of SR models (please refer to their corresponding README files): -The tree supports leaf nodes containing a variable, a free parameter, or a constant value; internal nodes that represents binary operators such as the four basic math operations, logarithm with custom base, and the power of two expressions; and unary functions specified by `Function` data type.+- [srsimplify](apps/srsimplify/README.md): a parser and simplification tool supporting the output of many popular SR algorithms.+- [srtools](apps/srtools/README.md): a tool that can be used to evaluate symbolic regression expressions and create nice reports with confidence intervals. +- [tinygp](apps/tinygp/README.md): a simple GP implementation based on tinyGP.+- [rEGGression](https://github.com/folivetti/reggression/blob/main/README.md): nonlinear regression models exploration and query system with e-graphs (egg).+- [symregg](https://github.com/folivetti/symregg/blob/main/README.md): Equality graph Assisted Search Technique for Equation Recovery.+- [eggp](https://github.com/folivetti/eggp/blob/main/README.md): E-graph Genetic Programming. -The `SRTree` structure has instances for `Num, Fractional, Floating` which allows to create an expression as a valid Haskell expression such as:+## SRTree +The expression structure is defined as a fixed-point of a mix of unary and binary tree. This makes it easier to implement supporting functions that requires the traversal of the trees. Also, since it is a parameterized structure, we can creating partial trees to pattern math structures of interest.+This structure may contain four types of nodes:++- `Bin Op l r` that represents a binary operator `Op` with two children.+- `Uni Function t` that represents an unary function `Function` with a single child.+- `Var Int` representing the index of a variable (i.e., x0, x1, etc.).+- `Param Int` representing the index of a adjustable parameter (i.e., theta0, theta1, etc.).+- `Const Double`  representing a constant value.+++The `SRTree` structure has instances for `Num, Fractional, Floating, IsString` which allows to create an expression as a valid Haskell expression such as (remember to turn on OverloadedStrings extension):+ ```haskell-x = var 0)-y = var 1-expr = x * 2 + sin(y * pi + x) :: Fix SRTree+expr = "x0" * 2 + sin("x1" * pi + "x0") :: Fix SRTree ``` -## Other features:+This library comes with support to many quality of life functions to handle this data structure. Such as: -- derivative w.r.t. a variable (`deriveByVar`) and w.r.t. a parameter (`deriveByParam`)-- evaluation (`evalTree`)-- relabel free parameters sequentially (`relabelParams`)-- gradient calculation with `forwardMode`, or optimized with `gradParams` if there is only a single occurrence of each parameter (most of the cases).+- getting the arity of a node+- getting the children of a node as a list+- count the number of nodes +- number of nodes of a specific type+- counting unique tokens +- number of variables and parameters +- relabeling the parameters from 0 to p +- converting floating point constants to parameters  +Additionally, the library provides supporting function to work with datasets, evaluating the expressions, +calculating the derivatives, printing, generating random trees, simplifying the expression, calculating overall statistics,+optimizing parameters, and model selection metrics. +++## Organization++The library is organized as `Data`, `Algorithm`, and `Text` modules where the `Data` modules implement functions directly tied to the data structure and the `Algorithm` modules implement algorithms related to symbolic regression, finally, the `Text` modules parse string expressions from different formats and apply simplification, when requested.++### `Data` modules++The `Data` modules is split into $5$ submodules:++- `Data.SRTree` contains the data strucuture and basic supporting functions.+- `Data.SRTree.Datasets` contains functions supporting loading datasets into Massiv.Arrays (aka numpy arrays).+- `Data.SRTree.Derivative` contains the symbolic derivatives of the functions and operators.+- `Data.SRTree.Eval` contains functions to evaluate the tree given a dataset and parameters.+- `Data.SRTree.Print` contains supporting functions for converting trees to different string representation.+- `Data.SRTree.Random`  contains functions to generate random trees.++#### `Data.SRTree`++The `SRTree val` data structure is a sum type structure that can be either a variable index, a parameter index, a constant value (of type `Double`), an univariate function or a binary operator. The data type is implemented as a fixed point so all the algorithms act on `Fix SRTree`:++```haskell +t = "x0" + "t0" * sin("x1" + "t1"**2) :: Fix SRTree +```++When creating the expression in a more natural notation, the variables and parameters are `String` composed of the first letter either `x`, for variables, or `t` for parameters (as in theta), and an integer corresponding to the index of the variable or parameter. The fixed point notation, allows us to implment recursive processing of a tree without many of the common boilerplate:++```haskell+countNodes = +  \case +    Var _     = 1+    Const _   = 1+    Param _   = 1+    Uni _ t   = 1 + t +    Bin _ l r = 1 + l + r+```++The children are parameterized by the `val` type parameter. This allows us to create convenient partial structures, such as:++```haskell+-- + operator pointing to some structure+-- with index 1 and 2+Bin Add 1 2 ++-- canonical representation of + operator +Bin Add () ()+```++The main functions of this module are:++- `arity`: returns the arity of an operator.+- `getChildren`: returns the children of a `Fix SRTree` as a list +- `countNodes`: returns the number of nodes +- `countOccurrences`: counts the occurence of a given variable +- `countVars`: returns the number of unique variables appearing the expression +- `relabelParams`: relabels the parameters from the left leaves to the right +- `constsToParams`: replace `Const` nodes with `Param` nodes.++#### `Data.SRTree.Datasets` module ++This module exports only the `loadDataset` function which takes a filename and +returns the training and test sets together with the column labels.+The filename must follow the format:++`filename.ext:start_row:end_row:target:features`++where each ':' field is optional. The fields are:++- **start_row:end_row** is the range of the training rows (default 0:nrows-1).+   every other row not included in this range will be used as validation+- **target** is either the name of the PVector (if the datafile has headers) or the index+   of the target variable+- **features** is a comma separated list of SRMatrix names or indices to be used as+  input variables of the regression model.++Example of valid names: `dataset.csv`, `mydata.tsv`, `dataset.csv:20:100`, `dataset.tsv:20:100:price:m2,rooms,neighborhood`, `dataset.csv:::5:0,1,2`.++#### `Data.SRTree.Derivative` module ++Calculates symbolic derivatives of the expression w.r.t. the variables or the parameters.+The main functions of this module are:++- `deriveBy`: returns the symbolic derivative w.r.t. a certain variable or a certain parameter.+- `deriveByVar`: shortcut to `deriveBy` to derive by a variable.+- `deriveByParam`: shortcut to `deriveBy` to derive by a parameter.++#### `Data.SRTree.Eval` module ++Evaluates an expression given a dataset.+The main functions of this module are:++- `evalTree`: given a data matrix and a vector of parameters, evaluates the expression tree.+- `evalInverse`: evaluates the inverse of a function. +- `invright`: evaluates the right inverse of an operator.+- `invleft`: evaluates the left inverse of an operator.++#### `Data.SRTree.Print` module ++Support functions to convert an expression tree into a `String`.+The main functions of this module are: ++- `showExpr` and `printExpr`: converts/print the expression into math notation .+- `showPython` and `printPython`: converts/print to a numpy notation.+- `showLatex` and `printLatex`: converts/print to a LaTeX notation.+- `showTikz` and `printTikz`: converts/print to a TikZ notation.++#### `Data.SRTree.Random` module ++Auxiliary functions to create random trees. +The main functions of this module are:++- `randomTree`: creates a random tree with a certain number of nodes.+- `randomTreeBalanced`: creates a (almost) balanced random tree with a certain number of nodes.++### `Text` modules ++The `Text` module is split into $2$ modules:++- `Text.ParseSR`: contains the main parsers for different SR algorithms output.+- `Text.ParseSR.IO`: auxiliary functions to handle files containing many expressions.++#### `Text.ParseSR` module ++The only important function of this module is `parseSR` that  parses an string expression from a given algorithm to a certain output. It also converts variable names to x0, x1,...++#### `Text.ParseSR.IO` module ++The two main functions of this module are: ++- `withInput`: that reads the stdin or a text file and parse all expressions +- `withOutput`: that writes the parsed expression into stdout or a file with one of the choices of output format. ++These functions handle any errors with an `Either` type and they can be safely pipelined together. Any invalid expression will be printed as "invalid expression <error message>".++### `Algorithm` modules ++The `Algorithm` modules are split into $5$ submodules:++- `Algorithm.SRTree.AD` contains automatic differentiation functions.+- `Algorithm.SRTree.ConfidenceIntervals` contains functions to calculate the confidence intervals of parameters and predictions of a symbolic expression using Laplace approximation or profile likelihood.+- `Algorithm.SRTree.Likelihood` contains functions support different likelihood functions and their derivatives (gradient and hessian).+- `Algorithm.SRTree.ModelSelection` implements different model selection criteria such as AIC, BIC, MDL.+- `Algorithm.SRTree.Opt` implements functions to optimize the parameters of an expression supporting different likelihood functions.++#### `Algorithm.SRTree.AD` module ++The main functions of this module are:++- `forwardMode`: returns the prediction errors vector multiplied by the Jacobian matrix using forward mode AD.+- `forwardModeUnique`: same as above, but assuming each parameter index appear only once in the tree. +- `reverseModeUnique`: same as above, but using reverse mode +- `forwardModeUniqueJac`: same as `forwardModeUnique` but returns the Jacobian (does not mutiply by the error).++#### `Algorithm.SRTree.Likelihood` module ++The main functions of this module are: ++- `sse, mse, rmse`: calculates the sum-of-square, mean squared, root of mean squared errors.+- `nll`: returns the negative log-likelihood given a distribution and the associated error (`Nothing` if unknown)+- `gradNLL`: returns the gradient of the negative log-likelihood. +- `gradNLLNonUnique`: same as above but assumes non-unique parameters +- `hessianNLL`: returns the hessian of the neg log-likelihood.++#### `Algorithm.SRTree.Opt` module ++The main functions of this module are:++- `minimizeNLL`: minimizes the negative log-likelihood of a distribution.+- `minimizeNLLNonUnique`: same as above but assumes repeated occurrences of parameters.+- `minimizeNLLWithFixedParam`: minimizes the neg log-likelihood but fixing the value of a single parameter.+- `minimizeGaussian`, `minimizePoisson`, `minimizeBinomial`: shortcut to minimize these three distributions.++#### `Algorithm.SRTree.ModelSelection` module ++The main functions of this module are:++- `bic`: Bayesian Information Criteria +- `aic`: Akaike Information Criteria +- `mdl`: Minimum Description Length as described in Bartlett, Deaglan J., Harry Desmond, and Pedro G. Ferreira. "Exhaustive symbolic regression." IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation (2023)+- `mdlLattice`: as described in Bartlett, Deaglan, Harry Desmond, and Pedro Ferreira. "Priors for symbolic regression." Proceedings of the Companion Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation. 2023.+- `mdlFreq` : MDL weighted by the frequency of occurrence of functions ++#### `Algorithm.SRTree.ConfidenceIntervals` module ++The main functions of this module are: ++- `paramCI`: calculates the parameters confidence intervals. +- `predictionCI`: calculates the predictions confidence intervals ++### `EqSat` modules ++The `EqSat` modules are split into $4$ submodules:++- `Algorithm.EqSat.Simplify` contains function supporting algebraic simplification with equality saturation.+- `Algorithm.EqSat` contains the main equality saturation function.+- `Algorithm.EqSat.EGraph` contains the e-graph data structure and supporting functions.+- `Algorithm.EqSat.EqSatDB` contains supporting functions to pattern matching and insert equivalent expressions into an e-graph. ++#### `Algorithm.EqSat` module++The main functions of this module are: ++- `eqSat` : runs equality saturation over a single expression. +- `getBest` : returns the best expression given the cost function used to generate the e-graph +- `recalculateBest` : recalculates the cost of each e-class using a new cost function +- `runEqSat` : runs equality saturation inside `EGraphST` monad. Use this if you want to return the e-graph. ++#### `Algorithm.EqSat.EGraph` module++The main functions of this module are: ++- `fromTree` : creates an e-graph from an expression tree.+- `fromTrees` : creates an e-graph from multiple expressions +- `fromTreeWith` : inserts a new expression into the e-graph +- `findRootClasses` : returns the roots of the e-graph, if any .+- `getExpressionFrom` : returns a single expression from a given e-class always picking the first e-node as the path +- `getAllExpressionsFrom` : returns all expressions from the given e-class +- `getRndExpressionFrom` : returns a random expression from this e-class +++#### `Algorithm.EqSat.EqSatDB` module++The main functions of this module are: ++- TODO: create auxiliary functions to apply substution rules inside an EGraphST monad . ++#### `Algorithm.EqSat.Simplify` module++The main functions of this module are: ++- `simplifyEqSatDefault` : simplifies an expression using the default parameters +- `simplifyEqSat` : simplifies with custom parameters+ ## TODO:  - support more advanced functions - support conditional branching (`IF-THEN-ELSE`)-+- document egraph-search and ieeexplore
+ apps/Bench/Main.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@+{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}++import Criterion.Main+import Control.DeepSeq (force, NFData)+import Control.Exception (evaluate)+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as V+import qualified Data.Vector as VB+import qualified Data.Vector.Generic as G+import qualified Data.Vector.Storable as VS++import Data.SRTree+import Data.SRTree.Print+import Data.SRTree.Datasets+import Data.SRTree.Eval+import Data.SRTree.Random+import System.Random+import Control.Monad.State.Strict+import Algorithm.SRTree.NonlinearOpt+import Algorithm.SRTree.Likelihoods+import Algorithm.SRTree.AD++-- Assuming these are exported by your project modules:+-- import SRTree+-- import Compiler+-- import DatasetLoader++-- Mock signatures based on your provided functions+-- randomTree :: Int -> Int -> Int -> IO Term -> IO NonTerm -> Bool -> IO Tree+-- loadDataset :: FilePath -> Bool -> IO [V.Vector Double]+-- evalTree :: Tree -> [V.Vector Double] -> V.Vector Double+-- compile :: [V.Vector Double] -> Tree -> (Theta -> V.Vector Double)++genTerm    = do coin <- tossBiased 0.4+                if coin then randomFrom [Fix $ Var ix | ix <- [0..8]] else randomFrom [Fix $ Param ix | ix <- [0..9]]+genNonTerm = randomFrom [Bin Add () (), Bin Sub () (), Bin Mul () (), Uni LogAbs (), Uni SqrtAbs ()]++genMultipleTrees 0 = pure []+genMultipleTrees n = do+    t <- randomTree 5 10 150 genTerm genNonTerm False+    ts <- genMultipleTrees (n-1)+    pure (t:ts)++getF (_, x, _) = x+{-# INLINE getF #-}+getT (t, _, _) = t+{-# INLINE getT #-}++main :: IO ()+main = do+    -- 1. Initialization: Load the dataset+    putStrLn "Loading dataset..."+    ((dataset, y, _, _), _, _, _) <- loadDataset "data.tsv" True++    -- 2. Initialization: Generate the random expression tree+    putStrLn "Generating random tree..."+    -- Replace 'genTerm' and 'genNonTerm' with your actual generators+    --g <- getStdGen+    let g = mkStdGen 42+    -- tree <- evalStateT (randomTree 7 10 150 genTerm genNonTerm True) g+    trees' <- evalStateT (genMultipleTrees 5) g+    -- let trees' = [Fix (Uni LogAbs (Fix (Bin PowerAbs (param 0) (param 1 * var 0))))] :: [Fix SRTree]++    -- IMPORTANT: Force deep evaluation of the tree and dataset.+    -- If we do not do this, GHC's lazy evaluation will cause the benchmark+    -- to measure the time it takes to parse the CSV and build the tree in memory!+    -- _ <- evaluate (force tree)+    _ <- evaluate (force dataset)+++    -- 3. Initialization: Pre-compile the tree+    -- We evaluate this strictly (!) so the one-time compilation cost+    -- is not included in the runtime benchmark.+    putStrLn "Compiling tree..."+    let !compiledFn = [compile dataset tree | tree <- trees]+        evalTree x th t = compile x t th+        -- Mock theta (parameter vector) to pass into the closures+        !theta = V.fromList [1.0, 0.5, 0.2, 0.3, 0.1, 0.5, 0.9, 0.3, 0.2, 0.4]+        !theta1 = V.fromList [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0]+        trees = map relabelParamsOrder $ filter (\t -> let v = V.sum (evalTree dataset theta t) in not (isInfinite v || isNaN v)) trees'+        naiveEval = evalTree dataset theta+        dataset' = map G.convert dataset+        y' = G.convert y+        theta1' = G.convert theta1++    _ <- evaluate (force theta)+    _ <- evaluate (force theta1)+    print $ sum $ map (\t ->  V.sum $ naiveEval t) trees+    print $ sum $ map (\t ->  V.sum $ t theta) compiledFn+    print $ sum $ map (\t -> getF $ minimizeNLL MultiThread MSE Nothing 0 dataset y t theta1) trees+    --print $ sum $ map (\t -> getF $ minimizeNLLCompiled MSE Nothing 0 dataset y t theta1) trees++    --print $ sum $ map (\t -> VS.sum . snd $ gradNLLGraph MSE dataset' y' Nothing t theta1') trees+    --print $ sum $ map (\t -> VS.sum . snd $ gradNLLGraphO MSE dataset' y' Nothing t theta1') trees+    --print $ sum $ map (\t -> VS.sum . snd $ compileGrad dataset' y' Nothing t 100 theta1') trees+    --print $ sum $ map (\ct -> V.sum $ ct theta) compiledFn+    --print $ sum $ map (\ct -> V.sum $ executeVM ct rowDataset theta) bytecodes+    -- print $ V.sum $ evalTree dataset theta tree+    -- print $ V.sum $ compiledFn theta++    putStrLn "Running benchmarks..."++    -- 4. The Benchmarks+    defaultMain [+          bgroup "Tree Evaluation (Fixed Dataset)" [++           -- The slow version: dynamically traversing the AST at runtime+           bench "evalTree (Naive AST Traversal)" $+                nf (\ts -> sum [V.sum $ evalTree dataset theta1 t | t <- ts]) trees,+++            -- The fast version: executing the pre-compiled, stream-fused closure+            bench "compile (Compiled Closure)" $+                nf (\t -> sum [V.sum (ct t) | ct <- compiledFn]) theta1,++            -- The fast version: executing the pre-compiled, stream-fused closure+            bench "minimizeNLLCompiled (Compiled Closure)" $+                nf (\ts -> sum [V.sum . getT $ minimizeNLL MultiThread MSE Nothing 100 dataset' y' t theta1' | t <- ts]) trees++            --bench "minimizeNLLO (Naive optimized AST Traversal)" $+            --    nf (\ts -> sum [V.sum . getT $ minimizeNLLO MSE Nothing 100 dataset y t theta1 | t <- ts]) trees++            -- The slow version: dynamically traversing the AST at runtime+            --bench "minimizeNLL (Naive AST Traversal)" $+            --    nf (\ts -> sum [V.sum . getT $ minimizeNLL (NLL MSE) Nothing 100 dataset y t theta1 | t <- ts]) trees++        ]+      ]
+ apps/BenchEqSat/Main.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@+{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}+{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}++import Criterion.Main+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as VU+import qualified Data.IntMap as IntMap+import qualified Data.HashMap.Strict as HashMap+import qualified Data.HashSet as Set++import Data.SRTree+import Algorithm.EqSat+import Algorithm.EqSat.Egraph+import Algorithm.EqSat.Build+import Algorithm.EqSat.DB+import Algorithm.EqSat.Info+import Algorithm.EqSat.Queries+import Control.Monad.State.Strict+import Control.Monad (replicateM, zipWithM_)+import Control.Monad.Identity++myCost :: SRTree Int -> Int+myCost (Var _)     = 1+myCost (Const _)   = 1+myCost (Param _)   = 1+myCost (Bin _ l r) = 2 + l + r+myCost (Uni _ t)   = 3 + t++evalEG :: EGraphST Identity a -> (a, EGraph)+evalEG m = runIdentity $ runStateT m emptyGraph++runInEG :: EGraph -> EGraphST Identity a -> (a, EGraph)+runInEG eg m = runIdentity $ runStateT m eg++-- Expression generators for benchmarking+chainAdd :: Int -> Fix SRTree+chainAdd 0 = var 0+chainAdd n = chainAdd (n-1) + var n++deepBinTree :: Int -> Fix SRTree+deepBinTree 0 = var 0+deepBinTree n = deepBinTree (n-1) + constv (fromIntegral n)++complexTree :: Int -> Fix SRTree+complexTree n = go n+  where+    go 0 = var 0+    go i = (var i + constv (fromIntegral i)) * (go (i-1) + constv (fromIntegral i))++simplifyRules :: [Rule]+simplifyRules =+  [ "a" + 0 :=> "a"+  , "a" * 1 :=> "a"+  , "a" + "a" :=> 2 * "a"+  , "a" * 0 :=> 0+  , 0 + "a" :=> "a"+  , 1 * "a" :=> "a"+  ]++-- More rules including commutativity (triggers more merges)+moreRules :: [Rule]+moreRules =+  [ "a" + 0 :=> "a"+  , "a" * 1 :=> "a"+  , "a" + "a" :=> 2 * "a"+  , "a" * 0 :=> 0+  , 0 + "a" :=> "a"+  , 1 * "a" :=> "a"+  , "a" + "b" :=> "b" + "a"+  , "a" * "b" :=> "b" * "a"+  ]++addZero :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+addZero l r = Fix (Bin Add l r)++main :: IO ()+main = do+  putStrLn "Generating benchmark expressions..."+  let smallExpr  = chainAdd 5+      mediumExpr = chainAdd 20+      largeExpr  = chainAdd 100+      complex    = complexTree 8++  putStrLn "Running benchmarks..."+  defaultMain [+    bgroup "E-graph Construction" [+      bench "fromTree (5-leaf chain)" $+        whnf (\e -> evalEG $ fromTree myCost e) smallExpr,+      bench "fromTree (20-leaf chain)" $+        whnf (\e -> evalEG $ fromTree myCost e) mediumExpr,+      bench "fromTree (100-leaf chain)" $+        whnf (\e -> evalEG $ fromTree myCost e) largeExpr,+      bench "fromTree (complex-ternary tree)" $+        whnf (\e -> evalEG $ fromTree myCost e) complex+    ],++    bgroup "E-graph Add" [+      bench "add single e-node (Var)" $+        whnf (\eg -> runInEG eg $ add myCost (EVar 999)) (snd $ evalEG $ fromTree myCost smallExpr),+      bench "add single e-node (Const)" $+        whnf (\eg -> runInEG eg $ add myCost (EConst 42.0)) (snd $ evalEG $ fromTree myCost smallExpr),+      bench "add single e-node (Bin Add)" $+        whnf (\eg -> runInEG eg $ add myCost (ENAry EAdd (imFromList [0, 1]))) (snd $ evalEG $ fromTree myCost mediumExpr)+    ],++    bgroup "Merge" [+      bench "merge two distinct eclasses (size 1)" $+        whnf (\(e1,e2,eg) -> runInEG eg $ merge myCost e1 e2) (makeMergePair 1),+      bench "merge two distinct eclasses (size 3)" $+        whnf (\(e1,e2,eg) -> runInEG eg $ merge myCost e1 e2) (makeMergePair 3)+    ],++    bgroup "Pattern Matching" [+      bench "match simple pattern (a+0)" $+        whnf (\(eg,_) -> runInEG eg $ match ("a" + 0 :: Pattern)) (makeMatchableEG),+      bench "match commutative pattern (a+b)" $+        whnf (\(eg,_) -> runInEG eg $ match ("a" + "b" :: Pattern)) (makeMatchableEG),+      bench "match triple pattern (a+b+c)" $+        whnf (\(eg,_) -> runInEG eg $ match ("a" + "b" + "c" :: Pattern)) (makeMatchableEG)+    ],++    bgroup "Match After Merge" [+      bench "match (a+0) after merge (stale trie keys)" $+        whnf (\(eg,_) -> runInEG eg $ match ("a" + 0 :: Pattern)) (makeMergedEG),+      bench "match (a+b) after merge (stale trie keys)" $+        whnf (\(eg,_) -> runInEG eg $ match ("a" + "b" :: Pattern)) (makeMergedEG)+    ],++    bgroup "Rebuild" [+      bench "rebuild after 5 adds" $+        whnf (\(eg,_) -> runInEG eg $ rebuild myCost) (makeDirtyEG 5),+      bench "rebuild after 20 adds" $+        whnf (\(eg,_) -> runInEG eg $ rebuild myCost) (makeDirtyEG 20),+      bench "rebuild after 100 adds" $+        whnf (\(eg,_) -> runInEG eg $ rebuild myCost) (makeDirtyEG 100)+    ],++    bgroup "Cost Propagation" [+      bench "recalculateBest (10 eclasses)" $+        whnf (\(eids,eg) -> runInEG eg $ mapM_ (recalculateBest myCost) eids) (makeNEclasses 10),+      bench "recalculateBest (100 eclasses)" $+        whnf (\(eids,eg) -> runInEG eg $ mapM_ (recalculateBest myCost) eids) (makeNEclasses 100)+    ],++    bgroup "DB Operations" [+      bench "addToDB single enode" $+        whnf (\(en,eid,eg) -> runInEG eg $ addToDB en eid) (makeDBEntry),+      bench "addToDB 10 enodes" $+        whnf (\(ens,eg) -> runInEG eg $ mapM_ (uncurry addToDB) ens) (makeDBEntries 10)+    ],++    bgroup "Equality Saturation" [+      bench "eqSat small expr (5 rules)" $+        whnf (\(e,r) -> evalEG $ eqSat e r myCost 10) (smallExpr, simplifyRules),+      bench "eqSat medium expr (5 rules)" $+        whnf (\(e,r) -> evalEG $ eqSat e r myCost 10) (mediumExpr, simplifyRules),+      bench "eqSat small expr (8 rules, commutative)" $+        whnf (\(e,r) -> evalEG $ eqSat e r myCost 10) (smallExpr, moreRules),+      bench "eqSat large expr (5 rules)" $+        whnf (\(e,r) -> evalEG $ eqSat e r myCost 10) (largeExpr, simplifyRules)+    ],++    bgroup "Extraction" [+      bench "getBestExpr (5-leaf)" $+        whnf (\(eid,eg) -> runInEG eg $ getBestExpr eid) (makeExtractable 5),+      bench "getBestExpr (20-leaf)" $+        whnf (\(eid,eg) -> runInEG eg $ getBestExpr eid) (makeExtractable 20),+      bench "getBestExpr (100-leaf)" $+        whnf (\(eid,eg) -> runInEG eg $ getBestExpr eid) (makeExtractable 100)+    ],++    bgroup "Fitness Operations" [+      bench "insertFitness single" $+        whnf (\(eid,eg) -> runInEG eg $ insertFitness eid 0.5 []) (makeExtractable 1),+      bench "insertFitness 10 eclasses" $+        whnf (\(eids,eg) -> runInEG eg $ mapM_ (\eid -> insertFitness eid 0.5 []) eids) (makeNEclasses 10),+      bench "getTopFitEClassWithSize" $+        whnf (\(eids,eg) -> runInEG eg $ getTopFitEClassWithSize 1 3) (makeFitnessEG)+    ]+    ]+  where+    addZeroTree = addZero (var 0) (constv 0.0)++    makeMergePair :: Int -> (EClassId, EClassId, EGraph)+    makeMergePair n =+      let tree = deepBinTree n+          (eid1, eg1) = evalEG $ fromTree myCost tree+          (eid2, eg2) = runInEG eg1 $ fromTree myCost tree+      in (eid1, eid2, eg2)++    makeMatchableEG :: (EGraph, EClassId)+    makeMatchableEG =+      let tree = complexTree 4+          (eid, eg) = evalEG $ do+            eid' <- fromTree myCost tree+            _ <- fromTree myCost (var 0 + constv 1.0)+            _ <- fromTree myCost (var 1 * constv 2.0)+            _ <- fromTree myCost (var 0 + constv 0.0)+            _ <- fromTree myCost (var 1 * constv 1.0)+            rebuild myCost+            pure eid'+      in (eg, eid)++    -- E-graph with merges applied, creating stale trie keys+    makeMergedEG :: (EGraph, EClassId)+    makeMergedEG =+      let (_, eg) = evalEG $ do+            eid1 <- fromTree myCost (var 0)+            eid2 <- fromTree myCost (constv 0.0)+            eid3 <- fromTree myCost (var 0 + constv 1.0)+            _ <- fromTree myCost (var 1)+            rebuild myCost+            -- merge to create stale trie entries+            merge myCost eid1 eid2+            merge myCost eid2 eid3+            rebuild myCost+            pure eid1+      in (eg, 0)++    makeDirtyEG :: Int -> (EGraph, EClassId)+    makeDirtyEG n =+      let tree = deepBinTree n+          (eid, eg) = evalEG $ do+            eid' <- fromTree myCost tree+            _ <- fromTree myCost (tree + var 999)+            rebuild myCost+            _ <- fromTree myCost (tree * var 998)+            pure eid'+      in (eg, eid)++    makeExtractable :: Int -> (EClassId, EGraph)+    makeExtractable n =+      let tree = deepBinTree n+      in evalEG $ fromTree myCost tree++    makeNEclasses :: Int -> ([EClassId], EGraph)+    makeNEclasses n =+      evalEG $ replicateM n (fromTree myCost (constv (fromIntegral n)))++    makeFitnessEG :: ([EClassId], EGraph)+    makeFitnessEG = evalEG $ do+      eids <- mapM (fromTree myCost . constv . fromIntegral) [1..10]+      zipWithM_ (\eid i -> insertFitness eid (fromIntegral i) []) eids [1..]+      pure eids++    makeDBEntry :: (ENode, EClassId, EGraph)+    makeDBEntry =+      let (eid, eg) = evalEG $ do+            eid <- fromTree myCost (var 999)+            rebuild myCost+            pure eid+      in (EVar 777, eid, eg)++    makeDBEntries :: Int -> ([(ENode, EClassId)], EGraph)+    makeDBEntries n =+      let (eids, eg) = evalEG $ do+            eids <- mapM (fromTree myCost . var) [999..(999 + n - 1)]+            rebuild myCost+            pure eids+      in (zip (map EVar [1000..]) eids, eg)
+ apps/Report/Main.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@+module Main (main) where++import Options.Applicative+import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as B+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as U+import Data.SRTree+import Data.SRTree.Eval (Target, Columns, compileLoss)+import Data.SRTree.Datasets (loadTrainingOnly)+import Data.SRTree.Print (showExpr)+import Text.ParseSR (parseSR, SRAlgs(..))+import Algorithm.SRTree.Compile (compileTree, EvalTree(..), logParameters, logParametersLatt)+import Algorithm.SRTree.Likelihoods (Distribution(..), Loss(..), buildLoss, fisherNLL, hessianNLL)+import Algorithm.SRTree.ConfidenceIntervals+    ( getStatsFromModel, paramCI, CIType(..), CI(..), BasicStats(..)+    , ProfileT(..), PType(..), getAllProfiles, getCol+    )+import Algorithm.SRTree.ModelSelection (ModelEval(..), logFunctional, logFunctionalFreq)+import Statistics.Distribution (ContDistr(quantile))+import Statistics.Distribution.FDistribution (fDistribution)+import Control.Exception (try, SomeException)+import Data.List.Split (splitOn)+import Text.Printf (printf)+import Control.Monad (forM_, when)++----------------------------------------------------------------------+-- CLI argument types+----------------------------------------------------------------------+data CIMethod = LaplaceCI | ProfileCI deriving (Show)++data ProfileTypeArg = BatesArg | ODEArg | ConstrainedArg deriving (Read)+instance Show ProfileTypeArg where+  show BatesArg       = "Bates"+  show ODEArg         = "ODE"+  show ConstrainedArg = "Constrained"++data ReportArgs = ReportArgs+  { raExprs    :: !FilePath+  , raFormat   :: !SRAlgs+  , raData     :: !FilePath+  , raHeader   :: !Bool+  , raDist     :: !Distribution+  , raCriteria :: ![ModelEval]+  , raCI       :: !CIMethod+  , raAlpha    :: !Double+  , raCIType   :: !ProfileTypeArg+  , raDbg      :: !Bool+  }++----------------------------------------------------------------------+-- Argument parser+----------------------------------------------------------------------+argParser :: Parser ReportArgs+argParser = ReportArgs+  <$> strOption ( long "exprs" <> short 'e' <> help "File with expressions, one per line" <> metavar "FILE" )+  <*> option auto ( long "format" <> short 'f' <> help "Expression format: TIR, HL, OPERON, BINGO, GOMEA, PYSR, SBP, EPLEX" <> metavar "FMT" )+  <*> strOption ( long "data" <> short 'd' <> help "Dataset file (optionally with :start:end:target:features:y_err)" <> metavar "FILE" )+  <*> switch ( long "header" <> help "Dataset has a header row" )+  <*> option auto ( long "dist" <> value Gaussian <> help "Distribution: Gaussian, Bernoulli, Poisson, LeastSquares" <> metavar "DIST" <> showDefault )+  <*> option parseCriteria ( long "criteria" <> short 'c' <> value [RMSE, R2, AIC, BIC] <> help "Comma-separated criteria" <> metavar "CRITERIA" <> showDefault )+  <*> option parseCI ( long "ci" <> value LaplaceCI <> help "CI method: Laplace, Profile" <> metavar "METHOD" <> showDefault )+  <*> option auto ( long "alpha" <> value 0.05 <> help "Significance level" <> metavar "ALPHA" <> showDefault )+  <*> option parseProfileType ( long "ci-type" <> value BatesArg <> help "Profile CI type: Bates, ODE, Constrained" <> metavar "TYPE" <> showDefault )+  <*> switch ( long "dbg" <> help "Debug: dump profile tau/theta spline points" )++parseCriteria :: ReadM [ModelEval]+parseCriteria = eitherReader $ \s ->+  case traverse parseOne (splitOn "," s) of+    Right es -> Right es+    Left  e  -> Left e+  where+    parseOne "RMSE"     = Right RMSE+    parseOne "R2"       = Right R2+    parseOne "AIC"      = Right AIC+    parseOne "BIC"      = Right BIC+    parseOne "Evidence" = Right Evidence+    parseOne "FBF"      = Right FBF+    parseOne "MDL"      = Right MDL+    parseOne "MDLLatt"  = Right MDLLatt+    parseOne "MDLFreq"  = Right MDLFreq+    parseOne "NLL"      = Right (EvalLoss (NLL Gaussian))+    parseOne s          = Left ("unknown criterion: " ++ s)++parseCI :: ReadM CIMethod+parseCI = eitherReader $ \s -> case s of+  "Laplace" -> Right LaplaceCI+  "Profile" -> Right ProfileCI+  _         -> Left ("unknown CI method: " ++ s ++ " (use Laplace or Profile)")++parseProfileType :: ReadM ProfileTypeArg+parseProfileType = eitherReader $ \s -> case s of+  "Bates"       -> Right BatesArg+  "ODE"         -> Right ODEArg+  "Constrained" -> Right ConstrainedArg+  _             -> Left ("unknown profile type: " ++ s ++ " (use Bates, ODE, or Constrained)")++----------------------------------------------------------------------+-- Report data+----------------------------------------------------------------------+data ReportData = ReportData+  { rdTree      :: Fix SRTree+  , rdTheta     :: Target+  , rdStdErr    :: Target+  , rdCriteria  :: [(ModelEval, Double)]+  , rdCIs       :: [CI]+  }++----------------------------------------------------------------------+-- Main+----------------------------------------------------------------------+main :: IO ()+main = do+  args <- execParser (info (argParser <**> helper) fullDesc)+  (xss, ys, mYerr) <- loadTrainingOnly (raData args) (raHeader args)+  content <- B.readFile (raExprs args)+  let exprs = filter (not . B.null) $ B.lines content+  mapM_ (processOne args xss ys mYerr) (zip [(1 :: Int) ..] exprs)++----------------------------------------------------------------------+-- Process a single expression+----------------------------------------------------------------------+processOne :: ReportArgs -> Columns -> Target -> Maybe Target -> (Int, B.ByteString) -> IO ()+processOne args xss ys mYerr (idx, src) = do+  result <- try $ do+    tree <- case parseSR (raFormat args) B.empty True src of+      Left e  -> fail ("parse error: " ++ e)+      Right t -> return $! relabelParams t+    let dist  = raDist args+        nRows = U.length ys+        nModelParams = countParamsUniq tree+        nParams = nModelParams+                + case dist of+                    Gaussian  -> 1+                    ROXY      -> 3+                    _         -> 0++    let et     = compileTree dist xss ys mYerr tree+        theta0 = U.replicate nParams 1.0+        thetaOpt = ctOptimizer et theta0++    when (any isNaN (U.toList thetaOpt)) $+         fail "optimisation returned NaN"++    let mseTree  = buildLoss MSE (fromIntegral nRows) tree+        mseLoss  = compileLoss xss mseTree ys mYerr thetaOpt+        nllLoss  = ctNLL et thetaOpt+        tss      = ctVar et++    let fisherDiag = fisherNLL dist mYerr xss ys tree thetaOpt+        hessCols   = hessianNLL dist mYerr xss ys tree thetaOpt+        hessLists  = map U.toList hessCols+        logP       = logParameters fisherDiag thetaOpt+        logPLatt   = logParametersLatt hessLists fisherDiag thetaOpt+        logF       = logFunctional tree+        logFFreq   = logFunctionalFreq tree+        nF         = fromIntegral nRows+        kF         = fromIntegral nParams+        crits      = map (\c -> (c, evalOne c mseLoss nllLoss tss nF kF logP logPLatt logF logFFreq))+                         (raCriteria args)++    let stats = getStatsFromModel dist mYerr xss ys tree thetaOpt+        laplaceCIs = paramCI (Laplace stats) nRows thetaOpt (raAlpha args)+    let ptype = case raCIType args of+          BatesArg       -> Bates+          ODEArg         -> ODE+          ConstrainedArg -> Constrained+    let kInt = U.length thetaOpt+        nInt = U.length ys+        profT = sqrt $ quantile (fDistribution (fromIntegral kInt) (fromIntegral $ nInt - kInt)) (1 - raAlpha args)+    cis <- case raCI args of+      LaplaceCI -> return laplaceCIs+      ProfileCI -> do+        let profiles = getAllProfiles ptype et thetaOpt (_stdErr stats) laplaceCIs (raAlpha args)+        when (raDbg args) $ forM_ (zip [0..] profiles) $ \(i, ProfileT taus thetas _ tau2theta _) -> do+          putStrLn $ "DEBUG Profile " ++ show i ++ " (opt=" ++ show (thetaOpt U.! i) ++ "):"+          putStrLn $ "  tau range: [" ++ show (if U.null taus then 0 else U.head taus)+                   ++ ", " ++ show (if U.null taus then 0 else U.last taus) ++ "]"+          putStrLn $ "  t=" ++ show profT+          putStrLn $ "  tau2theta(-t)=" ++ show (tau2theta (-profT))+                   ++ "  tau2theta(+t)=" ++ show (tau2theta profT)+          putStrLn $ "  profile points:"+          let tausL = U.toList taus+              thetasL = U.toList (getCol i thetas)+          forM_ (zip tausL thetasL) $ \(tau, th) ->+            putStrLn $ "    tau=" ++ show tau ++ "  theta=" ++ show th+        return $ paramCI (Profile stats profiles) nRows thetaOpt (raAlpha args)++    return $! ReportData+      { rdTree     = tree+      , rdTheta    = thetaOpt+      , rdStdErr   = _stdErr stats+      , rdCriteria = crits+      , rdCIs      = cis+      }++  case result of+    Right rd -> printReport idx src rd+    Left  e  -> printFailure idx src (show (e :: SomeException))++----------------------------------------------------------------------+-- Evaluate a single ModelEval from base quantities+----------------------------------------------------------------------+evalOne :: ModelEval -> Double -> Double -> Double -> Double -> Double+        -> Double -> Double -> Double -> Double -> Double+evalOne RMSE     mse _   _   _ _ _ _ _ _ = sqrt mse+evalOne R2       mse _   tss n _ _ _ _ _ = 1 - n * mse / tss+evalOne AIC      _   nll _   _ k _ _ _ _ = 2*k + 2*nll+evalOne BIC      _   nll _   n k _ _ _ _ = k * log n + 2*nll+evalOne Evidence _   nll _   n k _ _ _ _ = (1 - b) * nll - k/2 * log b+  where b = 1 / sqrt n+evalOne FBF      _   nll _   n k _ _ _ _ = res+  where b = 1 / sqrt n; nup = exp (1 - log 3)+        res = (1 - b) * nll - k/2 * log b + k/2 * log (2*pi*nup)+evalOne MDL      _   nll _   _ _ logP  _ logF _    = nll + logF + logP+evalOne MDLLatt  _   nll _   _ _ _     logPL logF _ = nll + logF + logPL+evalOne MDLFreq  _   nll _   _ _ logP  _ _    logFF = nll + logFF + logP+evalOne (EvalLoss (NLL Gaussian))  _   nll _   _ _ _  _ _    _ = nll+evalOne _        _   _   _   _ _ _     _    _    _  = 0  -- unreachable++----------------------------------------------------------------------+-- Output+----------------------------------------------------------------------+printReport :: Int -> B.ByteString -> ReportData -> IO ()+printReport idx src rd = do+  putStrLn $ "=== Expression " ++ show idx ++ " ==="+  putStrLn $ "Tree: " ++ showExpr (rdTree rd)+  putStrLn "Parameters:"+  let thetaList = U.toList (rdTheta rd)+      ciList    = rdCIs rd+  forM_ (zip3 [0..] thetaList ciList) $ \(i, th, ci) ->+    putStrLn $ "  theta" ++ show i ++ ": " ++ fmt th+            ++ " [" ++ fmt (lower_ ci) ++ ", " ++ fmt (upper_ ci) ++ "]"+  putStrLn "Model Selection:"+  forM_ (rdCriteria rd) $ \(c, v) ->+    putStrLn $ "  " ++ padRight 12 (show c) ++ ": " ++ fmt v+  putStrLn ""+  where+    fmt x | abs x < 1e-10 = "0.0000"+          | abs x >= 1e4  = printf "%.4e" x+          | otherwise     = printf "%.6f" x+    padRight n s = s ++ replicate (max 0 (n - length s)) ' '++printFailure :: Int -> B.ByteString -> String -> IO ()+printFailure idx src msg = do+  putStrLn $ "=== Expression " ++ show idx ++ " ==="+  putStrLn $ "Tree: " ++ B.unpack src+  putStrLn $ "Error: " ++ msg+  putStrLn ""
+ src/Algorithm/EqSat.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@+{-# LANGUAGE TupleSections #-}+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Algorithm.EqSat+-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :+--+-- Equality Saturation for SRTree+-- Heavily based on hegg (https://github.com/alt-romes/hegg by alt-romes)+--+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------++module Algorithm.EqSat where++import Algorithm.EqSat.Egraph+import Algorithm.EqSat.DB+import Algorithm.EqSat.Info+import Algorithm.EqSat.Build+import Control.Lens (element, makeLenses, over, (&), (+~), (-~), (.~), (^.))+import Control.Monad.State+import Data.Function (on)+import Data.IntMap (IntMap)+import qualified Data.IntMap as IntMap+import qualified Data.IntSet as IntSet+import Data.List (intercalate)+import Data.Map (Map)+import qualified Data.Map as Map+import Data.Maybe (mapMaybe)+import Data.SRTree+import Data.HashSet (HashSet)+import qualified Data.HashSet as Set+import Control.Monad ( zipWithM, forM_ )++-- | The `Scheduler` stores a map with the banned iterations of a certain rule . +-- TODO: make it more customizable.+type Scheduler a = State (IntMap Int) a++-- to avoid importing+-- | runs equality saturation from an expression tree,+-- a given set of rules, and a cost function.+-- Returns the tree with the smallest cost.+eqSat :: ClassStore m => Fix SRTree -> [Rule] -> CostFun -> Int -> EGraphST m (Fix SRTree)+eqSat expr rules costFun maxIt =+    do root <- fromTree costFun expr+       _ <- runEqSat costFun rules maxIt+       recalculateBest costFun root++type CostMap = Map EClassId (Int, Fix SRTree)++-- | recalculates the costs with a new cost function+recalculateBest :: ClassStore m => CostFun -> EClassId -> EGraphST m (Fix SRTree)+recalculateBest costFun eid =+    do ecls <- allClasses+       let classes = IntMap.fromList [(_eClassId ec, ec) | ec <- ecls]+           costs   = fillUpCosts classes Map.empty+       eid' <- canonical eid+       case Map.lookup eid' costs of+         Just (_, t) -> pure t+         Nothing     -> error $ "EQSAT_RECALC_MISSING eid=" <> show eid'+                              <> " nClasses=" <> show (IntMap.size classes)+                              <> " costSize=" <> show (Map.size costs)+    where+        nodeCost :: CostMap -> ENode -> (Int, Fix SRTree)+        nodeCost costMap enode =+          -- A child that has not been costed yet (a cycle, or a class whose+          -- cost is computed later in this iteration) contributes a large+          -- sentinel instead of 0: a 0 placeholder is cheaper than the real+          -- cost, so the fixpoint below would keep the stale placeholder tree+          -- (e.g. `x * 0.0` for `x * (y + z)`). Real costs always beat it.+          let (cc, nc) = unzip [ maybe (costSentinel, Fix (Const 0)) id (costMap Map.!? cid) | cid <- eChildren enode ]+              c  = case enode of+                     ENAry op _ -> costFun (Bin (toOp op) 0 0)+                     _          -> costFun (replaceChildren cc (fromENode enode))+          in (c + sum cc, Fix $ case enode of+                 ENAry op _ -> unfix (naryTree op nc)+                 _          -> replaceChildren nc (fromENode enode)) -- | missing children (cyclic classes) get cost 0 so every class is costed+        costSentinel :: Int+        costSentinel = 1000000++        fillUpCosts :: IntMap EClass -> CostMap -> CostMap+        fillUpCosts classes = go (IntMap.size classes + 1) (IntMap.keysSet classes)+          where+            go 0 _ m = m+            go n dirty m+              | IntSet.null dirty = m+              | otherwise = go (n - 1) dirty' m'+              where+                (dirty', m') = IntSet.foldl' step (IntSet.empty, m) dirty+                step (d, cm) eid = case IntMap.lookup eid classes of+                  Nothing -> (d, cm)+                  Just ecl ->+                    let currentCost = Map.lookup eid cm+                        minCost     = Set.foldl' (\acc en -> let c = nodeCost cm en+                                                  in case acc of+                                                    Nothing  -> Just c+                                                    Just c'  -> Just (if fst c <= fst c' then c else c')+                                                ) Nothing (_eNodes ecl)+                        (changed, cm') = case (currentCost, minCost) of+                          (_, Nothing)            -> (False, cm)+                          (Nothing, Just new)     -> (True, Map.insert eid new cm)+                          (Just old, Just new)+                            | fst old <= fst new  -> (False, cm)+                            | otherwise           -> (True, Map.insert eid new cm)+                        d' = if changed+                             then Set.foldl' (\acc (pid, _) -> IntSet.insert pid acc) d (_parents ecl)+                             else d+                    in d' `seq` cm' `seq` (d', cm')++-- | Recompute every e-class's cost-minimal @_best@/_cost@ bottom-up and write+-- it back into the graph. Needed after loading a graph whose best/cost were+-- not persisted (e.g. via srtree-db), where @_best@ may otherwise hold an+-- arbitrary (potentially large) e-node.+recalculateBestAll :: ClassStore m => CostFun -> EGraphST m ()+recalculateBestAll costFun = do+  ecls <- allClasses+  let classes = IntMap.fromList [(_eClassId ec, ec) | ec <- ecls]+      bests = fixpoint classes IntMap.empty+  forM_ (IntMap.toList bests) $ \(eid, (c, en)) ->+    case IntMap.lookup eid classes of+      Nothing -> pure ()+      Just ec -> writeDirect ec { _info = (_info ec) { _cost = c, _best = en } }+  where+    nodeCost :: IntMap (Int, ENode) -> ENode -> (Int, ENode)+    nodeCost cm en =+      let cc = [ maybe costSentinel fst (IntMap.lookup cid cm) | cid <- eChildren en ]+          c  = case en of+                 ENAry op _ -> costFun (Bin (toOp op) 0 0) + sum cc+                 _          -> costFun (replaceChildren cc (fromENode en)) + sum cc+      in (c, en)+    costSentinel :: Int+    costSentinel = 1000000++    fixpoint :: IntMap EClass -> IntMap (Int, ENode) -> IntMap (Int, ENode)+    fixpoint classes0 = go (IntMap.size classes0 + 1) (IntMap.keysSet classes0)+      where+        go 0 _ m        = m+        go n dirty m+          | IntSet.null dirty = m+          | otherwise = go (n - 1) dirty' m'+          where+            (dirty', m') = IntSet.foldl' step (IntSet.empty, m) dirty+            step (d, cm) eid = case IntMap.lookup eid classes0 of+              Nothing -> (d, cm)+              Just ecl ->+                let current = IntMap.lookup eid cm+                    minNode = Set.foldl' (\acc en -> let c = nodeCost cm en+                                                     in case acc of+                                                          Nothing  -> Just c+                                                          Just c'  -> Just (if fst c <= fst c' then c else c'))+                                         Nothing (_eNodes ecl)+                    (changed, cm') = case (current, minNode) of+                      (_, Nothing)        -> (False, cm)+                      (Nothing, Just new) -> (True, IntMap.insert eid new cm)+                      (Just old, Just new)+                        | fst old <= fst new -> (False, cm)+                        | otherwise          -> (True, IntMap.insert eid new cm)+                    d' = if changed+                         then Set.foldl' (\acc (pid, _) -> IntSet.insert pid acc) d (_parents ecl)+                          else d+                 in d' `seq` cm' `seq` (d', cm')++-- | Like 'recalculateBestAll' but streamed: each e-class body is fetched on+-- demand through 'ClassStore' (so a paged graph never materializes every body+-- at once) and only the small @(cost, best e-node)@ map is kept resident. The+-- structural worklist fixpoint is identical.+recalculateBestAllStream :: ClassStore m => CostFun -> EGraphST m ()+recalculateBestAllStream costFun = do+  ids <- allKeys+  let idSet = IntSet.fromList ids+      costSentinel = 1000000+      nodeCost cm en =+        let cc = [ maybe costSentinel fst (IntMap.lookup cid cm) | cid <- eChildren en ]+            c  = case en of+                   ENAry op _ -> costFun (Bin (toOp op) 0 0) + sum cc+                   _          -> costFun (replaceChildren cc (fromENode en)) + sum cc+        in (c, en)+      stepEid cm eid = do+        mec <- readDirect eid+        case mec of+          Nothing -> pure (IntSet.empty, cm)+          Just ecl -> do+            let current = IntMap.lookup eid cm+                minNode = Set.foldl' (\acc en -> let c = nodeCost cm en+                                                 in case acc of+                                                      Nothing  -> Just c+                                                      Just c'  -> Just (if fst c <= fst c' then c else c'))+                                    Nothing (_eNodes ecl)+                (changed, cm') = case (current, minNode) of+                  (_, Nothing)        -> (False, cm)+                  (Nothing, Just new) -> (True, IntMap.insert eid new cm)+                  (Just old, Just new)+                    | fst old <= fst new -> (False, cm)+                    | otherwise          -> (True, IntMap.insert eid new cm)+                dirty = if changed+                          then Set.foldl' (\acc (pid, _) -> IntSet.insert pid acc) IntSet.empty (_parents ecl)+                          else IntSet.empty+            pure (dirty, cm')+      fixpoint n dirty cm+        | n <= 0 || IntSet.null dirty = pure cm+        | otherwise = go (IntSet.toList dirty) IntSet.empty cm+        where+          go [] d acc = fixpoint (n - 1) d acc+          go (e : es) d acc = do+            (d', m') <- stepEid acc e+            go es (IntSet.union d d') m'+  cm <- fixpoint (IntSet.size idSet + 1) idSet IntMap.empty+  forM_ (IntMap.toList cm) $ \(eid, (c, en)) -> do+    mec <- readDirect eid+    case mec of+      Nothing -> pure ()+      Just ec -> writeDirect ec { _info = (_info ec) { _cost = c, _best = en } }++-- | Streaming variant of 'recalculateBest': computes the cost-minimal tree for a+-- single root without materializing every e-class body at once.+recalculateBestStream :: ClassStore m => CostFun -> EClassId -> EGraphST m (Fix SRTree)+recalculateBestStream costFun eid = do+  ids <- allKeys+  let idSet = IntSet.fromList ids+      costSentinel = 1000000+      nodeCost cm en =+        let (cc, nc) = unzip [ maybe (costSentinel, Fix (Const 0)) id (Map.lookup cid cm) | cid <- eChildren en ]+            c  = case en of+                   ENAry op _ -> costFun (Bin (toOp op) 0 0)+                   _          -> costFun (replaceChildren cc (fromENode en))+        in (c + sum cc, Fix $ case en of+               ENAry op _ -> unfix (naryTree op nc)+               _          -> replaceChildren nc (fromENode en))+      stepEid cm eid' = do+        mec <- lookupClass eid'+        case mec of+          Nothing -> pure (IntSet.empty, cm)+          Just ecl -> do+            let current = Map.lookup eid' cm+                minCost = Set.foldl' (\acc en -> let c = nodeCost cm en+                                                 in case acc of+                                                      Nothing -> Just c+                                                      Just c' -> Just (if fst c <= fst c' then c else c'))+                                   Nothing (_eNodes ecl)+                (changed, cm') = case (current, minCost) of+                  (_, Nothing) -> (False, cm)+                  (Nothing, Just new) -> (True, Map.insert eid' new cm)+                  (Just old, Just new)+                    | fst old <= fst new -> (False, cm)+                    | otherwise -> (True, Map.insert eid' new cm)+                dirty = if changed+                          then Set.foldl' (\acc (pid,_) -> IntSet.insert pid acc) IntSet.empty (_parents ecl)+                          else IntSet.empty+            pure (dirty, cm')+      fixpoint n dirty cm+        | n <= 0 || IntSet.null dirty = pure cm+        | otherwise = go (IntSet.toList dirty) IntSet.empty cm+        where+          go [] d acc = fixpoint (n - 1) d acc+          go (e : es) d acc = do+            (d', m') <- stepEid acc e+            go es (IntSet.union d d') m'+  cm <- fixpoint (IntSet.size idSet + 1) idSet Map.empty+  eid' <- canonical eid+  case Map.lookup eid' cm of+    Just (_, t) -> pure t+    Nothing -> error $ "EQSAT_RECALC_MISSING eid=" <> show eid'+                     <> " costSize=" <> show (Map.size cm)++-- | Run equality saturation and stream the final extraction (see+-- 'recalculateBestStream'), so a paged graph is never fully materialized.+eqSatStream :: ClassStore m => Fix SRTree -> [Rule] -> CostFun -> Int -> EGraphST m (Fix SRTree)+eqSatStream expr rules costFun maxIt = do+  root <- fromTree costFun expr+  _ <- runEqSat costFun rules maxIt+  recalculateBestAllStream costFun+  recalculateBestStream costFun root++-- | replaces the equality rules with two one-way rules+replaceEqRules :: Rule -> [Rule]+replaceEqRules (p1 :=> p2)  = [p1 :=> p2]+replaceEqRules (p1 :==: p2) = [p1 :=> p2, p2 :=> p1]+replaceEqRules (r :| cond)  = map (:| cond) $ replaceEqRules r++-- | Compile a rule source into a query, or `Nothing` for n-ary patterns that+-- use the direct multiset matcher instead.+compileSource :: Rule -> Maybe (Query, [ClassOrVar], ClassOrVar)+compileSource r = if hasNAry (source r)+                    then Nothing+                    else Just (compileToQuery (source r))++-- | Cap on the total number of rule matches applied in a single eqsat+-- iteration. Combined with the per-rule caps ('ruleBudget'/'ruleRootVisit' for+-- n-ary, 'ruleMatchBudget' for the cached path) and the persistent+-- mark-on-attempt seen-set (which makes each rule's budget advance to new+-- matches), this bounds a single iteration's apply/rebuild work regardless of+-- graph size.+iterMatchBudget :: Int+iterMatchBudget = 2000++-- | run equality saturation for a number of iterations+runEqSat :: ClassStore m => CostFun -> [Rule] -> Int -> EGraphST m (Bool, Int)+runEqSat costFun rules maxIter = go maxIter IntMap.empty compiledRules+    where+        rules' = concatMap replaceEqRules rules+        compiledRules = map (\r -> (r, compileSource r)) rules'++        go it sch compiled =+          do -- reset dirty flag before processing this iteration+             modify' $ over (eDB . changed) (const False)++             -- step 1: match the rules using cached compiled queries+             let matchSch  = matchWithScheduler it+                 adapted i (r, cq) = map (,cq) <$> matchSch i r+                 matchAll  = zipWithM adapted [0..]+                 (filtered, sch') = runState (matchAll compiled) sch++             -- step 2: apply matches and rebuild+             matches <- mapM (\(rule, cq) -> map (rule,) <$> case cq of+                                Just q  -> do paged <- isPagedGraph+                                              if paged+                                                then matchStreamCached (Just (show (source rule))) (source rule)+                                                else matchCachedWith (Just (show (source rule))) q+                                Nothing -> matchSaturated (source rule)) $ concat filtered+             -- bound the total number of matches applied per iteration so a+             -- single iteration's apply/rebuild work stays bounded on huge+             -- graphs (genuine matches; we just process them over more iters).+             mapM_ (uncurry (applyMatch costFun)) (take iterMatchBudget (concat matches))+             rebuild costFun++             -- check dirty flag: if no modifications occurred, we've saturated+             changed <- gets (_changed . _eDB)+             if it == 1 || not changed+                then pure (True, it)+                 else+                   do eClasses <- gets _eClass+                      if IntMap.size eClasses > 1500+                        then throttle it sch' compiled+                        else go (it-1) sch' compiled++        throttle it sch compiled = do+          cleanMaps+          eClasses <- gets _eClass+          if IntMap.size eClasses <= 1500+            then go (it-1) sch compiled+            else do applySingleMergeOnlyEqSat costFun rules+                    changed <- gets (_changed . _eDB)+                    if it <= 1 || not changed+                      then pure (False, it)  -- give up and return early stop+                      else throttle (it-1) sch compiled++-- | apply a single step of merge-only equality saturation+applySingleMergeOnlyEqSat :: ClassStore m => CostFun -> [Rule] -> EGraphST m ()+applySingleMergeOnlyEqSat costFun rules =+  do let matchSch        = matchWithScheduler 10+         matchAll        = zipWithM matchSch [0..]+         (rls, _)        = runState (matchAll rules') IntMap.empty+     matches <- getNMatches 500 rls+     rebuild costFun+      where+        rules' = concatMap replaceEqRules rules++        getNMatches n []       = pure []+        getNMatches 0 _        = pure []+        getNMatches n ([]:rss) = getNMatches n rss+        getNMatches n ((r:rs):rss) = do matches <- map (r,) <$> matchSaturated (source r)+                                        let (x, _) = splitAt n matches+                                            m      = length x+                                        if m == n+                                           then pure matches+                                           else do matches' <- getNMatches (n - length x) (rs:rss)+                                                   pure (matches <> matches')+++-- | matches the rules given a scheduler+matchWithScheduler :: Int -> Int -> Rule -> Scheduler [Rule] -- [(Rule, (Map ClassOrVar ClassOrVar, ClassOrVar))]+matchWithScheduler it ruleNumber rule =+  do mbBan <- gets (IntMap.!? ruleNumber)+     if maybe False (<= it) mbBan -- check if the rule is banned+        then pure []+        else do -- let matches = match db (source rule)+                modify (IntMap.insert ruleNumber (it+5))+                pure [rule] -- $ map (rule,) matches
+ src/Algorithm/EqSat/Build.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,743 @@+{-# LANGUAGE TupleSections #-}+{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Algorithm.EqSat.Build+-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :+--+-- Functions related to building and maintaining e-graphs+-- Heavily based on hegg (https://github.com/alt-romes/hegg by alt-romes)+--+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------++module Algorithm.EqSat.Build where++import System.Random (Random (randomR), StdGen)+import Control.Lens ( over )+import Control.Monad ( forM_, when, foldM, forM )+import Data.Maybe+import Data.SRTree+import Algorithm.EqSat.Egraph+import Algorithm.EqSat.DB+import qualified Data.IntMap.Strict as IntMap+import Data.IntMap.Strict (IntMap)+import Data.Map.Strict ( Map )+import qualified Data.Map.Strict as Map+import qualified Data.HashMap.Strict as HashMap+import qualified Data.HashSet as Set+import Control.Monad.State.Strict+import Control.Monad.Identity+import GHC.Stack (HasCallStack)++import Data.SRTree.Recursion (cataM)+import Data.List (sort)+import Algorithm.EqSat.Info+import qualified Data.IntSet as IntSet++import qualified Data.Set as RangeSet+++-- | adds a new or existing e-node (merging if necessary)+add :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => CostFun -> ENode -> EGraphST m EClassId+add costFun enode = do+  enode''  <- canonize enode+  enode''' <- foldConsts costFun enode''++  maybeEid <- lookupNode enode'''+  case maybeEid of+       Just eid -> pure eid+       Nothing  -> do+         curId <- gets (_nextId . _eDB)                             -- get the next available e-class id+         insertCanonical curId curId                                 -- register the class as its own representative+         insertNode enode''' curId                                  -- associate new e-node with id (bounded on paged graphs)+         modify' $ over (eDB . nextId) (+1)                          -- update next id+                 . over (eDB . worklist) (Set.insert (curId, enode'''))      -- add e-node and id into worklist+         forM_ (eChildren enode''') (addParents curId enode''')        -- update the children's parent list+         info <- makeAnalysis costFun enode'''+         h    <- getChildrenMinHeight enode'''+         let newClass = createEClass curId enode''' info h              -- create e-class+         -- insert via 'insertClass' so a paged (DB-backed) class store also+         -- persists the new class's page; for a pure graph this is identical+         -- to inserting into @_eClass@ directly.+         insertClass newClass+         --modifyEClass costFun curId                                 -- simplify eclass if it evaluates to a number++         -- update database+         addToDB enode''' curId                                       -- add new node to db+         tracking <- gets (_trackDBs . _eDB)+         when tracking $+           modify' $ over (eDB . sizeDB)+                   $ IntMap.insertWith (IntSet.union) (_size info) (IntSet.singleton curId)+         modify' $ over (eDB . unevaluated) (IntSet.insert curId)+                 . over (eDB . changed) (const True)+         pure curId+  where+    addParents :: ClassStore m => EClassId -> ENode -> EClassId -> EGraphST m ()+    addParents cId node c =+      do ec <- getEClass c+         let ec' = ec{ _parents = Set.insert (cId, node) (_parents ec) }+         -- write through 'insertClass' so a paged store keeps the updated parents+         insertClass ec'++-- | Add a binary (SRTree-based) node, converting it to a flattened ENode.+-- Sub and Div are canonicalized away at insertion: `x - y` becomes+-- `x + (-1)*y` and `x / y` becomes `x * recip y`, so no Sub/Div e-node ever+-- enters the e-graph and the Sub/Div-aware rules become redundant.+addTree :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => CostFun -> SRTree EClassId -> EGraphST m EClassId+addTree costFun (Bin Sub l r) = do+  neg <- addNegate costFun r+  add costFun =<< mkENary EAdd [l, neg]+addTree costFun (Bin Div l r) = do+  rec <- add costFun (EUni Recip r)+  add costFun =<< mkENary EMul [l, rec]+addTree costFun t = toENode t >>= add costFun+{-# INLINE addTree #-}++-- | builds the e-class for the negation of the e-class `t`, represented as+-- `(-1) * t` (matching the pattern-level `negate` encoding in Algorithm.EqSat.DB).+addNegate :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => CostFun -> EClassId -> EGraphST m EClassId+addNegate costFun t = do+  negOne <- add costFun (EConst (-1))+  add costFun =<< mkENary EMul [negOne, t]++-- | Fused 'calculateConsts' + 'foldConstants': fetches each child's constant+-- info a single time, detects fully-constant nodes (replaced by EConst/EParam)+-- and folds together all-but-one constant children of an ENAry+-- (e.g. 2+3+x becomes 5+x). Constants that are already folded single subtrees+-- are handled by the same child-constant walk.+foldConsts :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => CostFun -> ENode -> EGraphST m ENode+foldConsts _ en@(ENAry _ m) | IntMap.null m = pure en+foldConsts costFun en@(ENAry op m) = do+  let xs = expandedList m+  infos <- mapM (fmap (_consts . _info) . getEClass) xs+  case foldr1 (\a b -> combineConsts (Bin (toOp op) a b)) infos of+    ConstVal x -> pure (EConst x)+    ParamIx x  -> pure (EParam x)+    _          -> foldENary costFun op m infos+foldConsts _ en = do+  infos <- mapM (fmap (_consts . _info) . getEClass) (eChildren en)+  case combineConsts (replaceChildren infos (fromENode en)) of+    ConstVal x -> pure (EConst x)+    ParamIx x  -> pure (EParam x)+    _          -> pure en+{-# INLINE foldConsts #-}++-- | Fold together all-but-one constant children of an ENAry multiset.+foldENary :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => CostFun -> NOp -> IntMap Int -> [Consts] -> EGraphST m ENode+foldENary costFun op m infos = do+  let xs = expandedList m+      (consts, rest) = foldr step ([], []) (zip xs infos)+      step (_, ConstVal v) (cs, rs) | not (isNaN v) && not (isInfinite v) = (v:cs, rs)+      step (x, _)          (cs, rs)              = (cs, x:rs)+  if length consts >= 2+    then do+      let folded = case op of+                     EAdd -> sum consts+                     EMul -> product consts+      if isNaN folded || isInfinite folded+        then pure (ENAry op m)+        else do+          cid <- add costFun (EConst folded)+          pure (ENAry op (imFromList (cid : rest)))+    else pure (ENAry op m)+{-# INLINE foldENary #-}++-- | Fold together all-but-one constant children of an ENAry at insertion+-- time (e.g. 2+3+x becomes 5+x). Constants that are already folded+-- single subtrees are handled by 'calculateConsts' above; this handles the+-- flattened case where several constant terms land in one multiset.+foldConstants :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => CostFun -> ENode -> EGraphST m ENode+foldConstants _ en@(ENAry _ m) | IntMap.size m < 2 = pure en+foldConstants costFun en@(ENAry op m) = do+  let xs = expandedList m+  infos <- mapM (fmap (_consts . _info) . getEClass) xs+  let (consts, rest) = foldr step ([], []) (zip xs infos)+      step (_, ConstVal v) (cs, rs) | not (isNaN v) && not (isInfinite v) = (v:cs, rs)+      step (x, _)          (cs, rs)              = (cs, x:rs)+  if length consts >= 2+    then do+      let folded = case op of+                     EAdd -> sum consts+                     EMul -> product consts+      if isNaN folded || isInfinite folded+        then pure en+        else do+          cid <- add costFun (EConst folded)+          pure (ENAry op (imFromList (cid : rest)))+    else pure en+foldConstants _ en = pure en++-- | rebuilds the e-graph after inserting or merging+-- e-classes+rebuild :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => CostFun -> EGraphST m ()+rebuild costFun =+  do wl <- gets (_worklist . _eDB)+     al <- gets (_analysis . _eDB)+     modify' $ over (eDB . worklist) (const Set.empty)+             . over (eDB . analysis) (const Set.empty)+     forM_ wl (uncurry (repair costFun))+     forM_ al (uncurry (repairAnalysis costFun))+{-# INLINE rebuild #-}++-- | repairs e-node by canonizing its children+-- if the canonized e-node already exists in+-- e-graph, merge the e-classes+repair :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => CostFun -> EClassId -> ENode -> EGraphST m ()+repair costFun ecId enode =+  do modify' $ over eNodeToEClass (HashMap.delete enode)+     enode'  <- canonize enode+     ecId'   <- canonical ecId+     doExist <- lookupNode enode'+     case doExist of+        Just ecIdCanon -> do mergedId <- merge costFun ecIdCanon ecId'+                             insertNode enode' mergedId+                             addToDB enode' mergedId+        Nothing        -> do insertNode enode' ecId'+                             addToDB enode' ecId'+{-# INLINE repair #-}++-- | repair the analysis of the e-class+-- considering the new added e-node+repairAnalysis :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => CostFun -> EClassId -> ENode -> EGraphST m ()+repairAnalysis costFun ecId enode =+  do ecId'  <- canonical ecId+     enode' <- canonize enode+     eclass <- getEClass ecId'+     info   <- makeAnalysis costFun enode'+     let newData = joinData (_info eclass) info+         eclass' = eclass { _info = newData }+     when (_info eclass /= newData) $+       do let bestChanged = _best (_info eclass) /= _best newData+          modify' $ over (eDB . analysis) (_parents eclass <>)+                  . (if bestChanged && isJust (_fitness (_info eclass)) then over (eDB . refits) (IntSet.insert ecId') else id)+          -- write through 'insertClass' so a paged store keeps the updated body+          insertClass eclass'+          _ <- modifyEClass costFun ecId'+          pure ()+{-# INLINE repairAnalysis #-}++-- | merge to equivalent e-classes+merge :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => CostFun -> EClassId -> EClassId -> EGraphST m EClassId+merge costFun c1 c2 =+  do c1' <- canonical c1+     c2' <- canonical c2+     if c1' == c2'                                     -- if they are already merged, return canonical+       then pure c1'+       else do (led, ledC, ledOrig, sub, subC, subOrig) <- getLeaderSub c1' c1 c2' c2  -- the leader will be the e-class with more parents+               mergeClasses led ledC ledOrig sub subC subOrig         -- merge sub into leader+  where+    mergeClasses :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => EClassId -> EClass -> EClassId -> EClassId -> EClass -> EClassId -> EGraphST m EClassId+    mergeClasses led ledC ledO sub subC subO =+      do insertCanonical sub led       -- persist/register the canonical merges+         insertCanonical subO led+         let newC = EClass led+                         (_eNodes ledC `Set.union` _eNodes subC)+                         (_parents ledC <> _parents subC)+                         (min (_height ledC) (_height subC))+                         (joinData (_info ledC) (_info subC))+         forM_ (Set.toList (_eNodes subC)) $ \en -> insertNode en led+         -- write the merged body through the class store (a paged store keeps the+         -- authoritative page) and drop the absorbed class+         insertClass newC+         deleteClass sub+         modify' $ over (eDB . worklist) (_parents subC <>)+         when (_info newC /= _info ledC)+           $ do let bestChanged = _best (_info newC) /= _best (_info ledC)+                modify' $ over (eDB . analysis) (_parents ledC <>)+                           . (if bestChanged && isJust (_fitness (_info ledC)) then over (eDB . refits) (IntSet.insert led) else id)+         when (_info newC /= _info subC)+           $ modify' $ over (eDB . analysis) (_parents subC <>)+         tracking <- gets (_trackDBs . _eDB)+         when tracking $ updateDBs newC led ledC ledO sub subC subO+         modifyEClass costFun led+         modify' $ over (eDB . changed) (const True)+         pure led++    getLeaderSub c1 c1O c2 c2O =+      do ec1 <- getEClass c1+         ec2 <- getEClass c2+         let n1 = Set.size (_parents ec1)+             n2 = Set.size (_parents ec2)+         pure $ if n1 >= n2+                  then (c1, ec1, c1O, c2, ec2, c2O)+                  else (c2, ec2, c2O, c1, ec1, c1O)++    updateDBs :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => EClass -> EClassId -> EClass -> EClassId -> EClassId -> EClass -> EClassId -> EGraphST m ()+    updateDBs newC led ledC ledO sub subC subO = do+      updateFitnessDB newC led ledC ledO sub subC subO+      updateSizeDB newC led ledC ledO sub subC subO++    updateSizeDB :: Monad m => EClass -> EClassId -> EClass -> EClassId -> EClassId -> EClass -> EClassId -> EGraphST m ()+    updateSizeDB newC led ledC ledO sub subC subO = do+      let sz  = (_size . _info) newC+          szL = (_size . _info) ledC+          szS = (_size . _info) subC+          fun = IntMap.adjust (IntSet.insert led) sz . IntMap.adjust (IntSet.delete led . IntSet.delete ledO) szL . IntMap.adjust (IntSet.delete sub . IntSet.delete subO) szS+      modify' $ over (eDB . sizeDB) fun++    updateFitnessDB :: Monad m => EClass -> EClassId -> EClass -> EClassId -> EClassId -> EClass -> EClassId -> EGraphST m ()+    updateFitnessDB newC led ledC ledO sub subC subO =+      case fitNew of+        Nothing -> modify' $ over (eDB . unevaluated) (IntSet.insert led . IntSet.delete ledO . IntSet.delete sub . IntSet.delete subO)+        Just fn -> do+          when (fitNew /= fitLed) $ do+            modify' $ case fitLed of+              Nothing -> over (eDB . unevaluated) (IntSet.delete led . IntSet.delete ledO)+              Just fl -> over (eDB . fitRangeDB) (removeRange led fl . removeRange ledO fl)+                       . over (eDB . sizeFitDB) (IntMap.adjust (removeRange ledO fl . removeRange led fl) szLed)+            modify' $ over (eDB . fitRangeDB) (insertRange led fn)+                    . over (eDB . sizeFitDB) (IntMap.adjust (insertRange led fn) szNew . IntMap.insertWith RangeSet.union szNew RangeSet.empty)+          modify' $ case fitSub of+            Nothing -> over (eDB . unevaluated) (IntSet.delete sub . IntSet.delete subO)+            Just fs -> over (eDB . fitRangeDB) (removeRange sub fs . removeRange subO fs)+                     . over (eDB . sizeFitDB) (IntMap.adjust (removeRange subO fs . removeRange sub fs) szSub)+      where+        fitNew = (_fitness . _info) newC+        fitLed = (_fitness . _info) ledC+        fitSub = (_fitness . _info) subC+        szNew  = (_size . _info) newC+        szLed  = (_size . _info) ledC+        szSub  = (_size . _info) subC++-- | modify an e-class, e.g., add constant e-node and prune non-leaves+modifyEClass :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => CostFun -> EClassId -> EGraphST m EClassId+modifyEClass costFun ecId =+  do ec <- getEClass ecId+     case (_consts . _info) ec of+       ConstVal x ->+        do let en = EConst x+           c <- calculateCost costFun en+           let infoEc = (_info ec){ _cost = c, _best = en, _consts = toConst en }+           maybeEid <- lookupNode en+           -- write through 'insertClass' (a paged store keeps the authoritative page)+           insertClass ec{ _eNodes = Set.singleton en, _info = infoEc }+           when (isJust $ _fitness $ _info ec) $ modify' $ over (eDB . refits) (IntSet.insert ecId)+           case maybeEid of+             Nothing   -> pure ecId+             Just eid' -> merge costFun eid' ecId++       ParamIx x ->+         do let en = EParam x+            c <- calculateCost costFun en+            let infoEc = (_info ec){ _cost = c, _best = en, _consts = toConst en }+            maybeEid <- lookupNode en+            insertClass ec{ _eNodes = Set.insert en (_eNodes ec), _info = infoEc }+            when (isJust $ _fitness $ _info ec) $ modify' $ over (eDB . refits) (IntSet.insert ecId)+            case maybeEid of+              Nothing   -> pure ecId+              Just eid' -> merge costFun eid' ecId++       _ -> pure ecId++  where+    isTerm (EVar _)   = True+    isTerm (EConst _) = True+    isTerm (EParam _) = True+    isTerm _          = False++    toConst (EParam ix) = ParamIx ix+    toConst (EConst x)  = ConstVal x+    toConst _           = NotConst++-- * DB++-- | `addToDB` adds an e-node and e-class id to the database+addToDB :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => ENode -> EClassId -> EGraphST m () -- State DB ()+addToDB enode' eid = do+  eid' <- canonical eid+  ec <- getEClass eid'+  let isConst = _consts . _info $ ec+  let enode = case isConst of+                ConstVal x -> EConst x+                ParamIx  x -> EParam x+                _          -> enode'+  let ids = eid : eChildren enode -- we will add the e-class id and the children ids+      op  = eOpKey enode    -- changes Bin op l r to Bin op () () so `op` as a single entry in the DB+  trie <- gets (Map.lookup op . _patDB . _eDB)+  case populate trie ids of      -- populates the trie+    Nothing -> pure ()+    Just t  -> modify' $ over (eDB . patDB) (Map.insert op t) -- if something was created, insert back into the DB+  recordNode enode eid            -- register the node for the streaming matcher's source+{-# INLINE addToDB #-}++-- | Populates an IntTrie with a sequence of e-class ids+populate :: Maybe IntTrie -> [EClassId] -> Maybe IntTrie+populate _ []         = Nothing+populate Nothing eids = foldr f Nothing eids+  where+    f :: EClassId -> Maybe IntTrie -> Maybe IntTrie+    f eid (Just t) = Just $ IntTrie (IntMap.singleton eid t)+    f eid Nothing  = Just $ IntTrie (IntMap.singleton eid (IntTrie IntMap.empty))+populate (Just tId) (eid:eids) = let nextTrie = IntMap.lookup eid (_trie tId)+                                     val      = fromMaybe (IntTrie IntMap.empty) $ populate nextTrie eids+                                  in Just $ IntTrie (IntMap.insert eid val (_trie tId))+{-# INLINE populate #-}++canonizeMap :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => (Subst, ClassOrVar) -> EGraphST m (Subst, ClassOrVar)+canonizeMap (subst, cv) = (,cv) <$> traverse g subst+  where+    g :: ClassStore m => SubVal -> EGraphST m SubVal+    g (SVOne e2)  = SVOne <$> canonOne e2+    g (SVMap m)   = SVMap . IntMap.fromListWith (+) <$> mapM (\(e2, n) -> do+                       e2' <- canonOne (Left e2)+                       pure (getInt e2', n)) (IntMap.toList m)+    canonOne :: ClassStore m => ClassOrVar -> EGraphST m ClassOrVar+    canonOne (Left e2) = Left <$> canonical e2+    canonOne e2        = pure e2+{-# INLINE canonizeMap #-}++applyMatch :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => CostFun -> Rule -> (Subst, ClassOrVar) -> EGraphST m ()+applyMatch costFun rule match' =+  do let conds = getConditions rule+     match       <- canonizeMap match'+     validHeight <- isValidHeight match+     validConds  <- mapM (`isValidConditions` match) conds+     when (validHeight && and validConds) $+       do new_eclass <- reprPrat costFun (fst match) (target rule)+          merge costFun (getInt (snd match)) new_eclass+          pure ()+{-# INLINE applyMatch #-}++-- | gets the e-node of the target of the rule+-- TODO: add consts and modify+classOfENode :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => CostFun -> Subst -> Pattern -> EGraphST m (Maybe EClassId)+classOfENode costFun subst (VarPat c)     = do let maybeEid = case Map.lookup (Right (fromEnum c)) subst of+                                                                  Just (SVOne v) -> Just v+                                                                  _              -> Nothing+                                               case maybeEid of+                                                 Nothing  -> pure Nothing+                                                 Just eid -> Just <$> canonical (getInt eid)+classOfENode costFun subst (Fixed (Const x)) = Just <$> add costFun (EConst x)+classOfENode costFun subst (Fixed target) = do newChildren <- mapM (classOfENode costFun subst) (getElems target)+                                               case sequence newChildren of+                                                 Nothing -> pure Nothing+                                                 Just cs -> do let new_enode = replaceChildren cs target+                                                               cs' <- mapM canonical cs+                                                               areConsts <- mapM isConst cs'+                                                               if and areConsts+                                                                 then do eid <- addTree costFun new_enode+                                                                         rebuild costFun -- eid new_enode+                                                                         pure (Just eid)+                                                                 else do en <- toENode new_enode+                                                                         en' <- canonize en+                                                                         gets (HashMap.lookup en' . _eNodeToEClass)+classOfENode _ _ (NAry _ _) = error "classOfENode: n-ary pattern unsupported"+classOfENode _ _ Hole       = error "classOfENode: Hole is only valid in MapP targets"+{-# INLINE classOfENode #-}++-- | adds the target of the rule into the e-graph+reprPrat :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => CostFun -> Subst -> Pattern -> EGraphST m EClassId+reprPrat costFun subst (VarPat c)     = do+    let k = Right (fromEnum c)+    v <- case Map.lookup k subst of+           Nothing -> error $ "REPRPRAT_MISSING var=" <> show (fromEnum c) <> " substSize=" <> show (Map.size subst)+           Just (SVOne x) -> pure x+           Just (SVMap _) -> error $ "REPRPRAT_REST_AS_SINGLE var=" <> show (fromEnum c)+    canonical $ getInt v+reprPrat costFun subst (Fixed target) = do newChildren <- mapM (reprPrat costFun subst) (getElems target)+                                           addTree costFun (replaceChildren newChildren target)+reprPrat costFun subst Hole = error "REPRPRAT_HOLE: Hole must be filled by MapP"+reprPrat costFun subst (NAry op ncs) = do+    m <- IntMap.unionsWith (+) <$> mapM (childEidM costFun subst) ncs+    case IntMap.toList m of+      []        -> reprPrat costFun subst (Fixed (Const (if op == EAdd then 0 else 1)))+      [(c, 1)]  -> canonical c+      _         -> do en <- mkENaryM op m+                      add costFun en+{-# INLINE reprPrat #-}++-- | Adds a single child of an n-ary target pattern to the e-graph, returning+-- its contribution as a canonical multiset (so 'Rest' children carry their+-- 'IntMap' straight through without expansion).+childEidM :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => CostFun -> Subst -> NChild -> EGraphST m (IntMap Int)+childEidM costFun subst (Ch p)     = (`IntMap.singleton` 1) <$> reprPrat costFun subst p+childEidM costFun subst (Rest c)   = restEidsM subst c+childEidM costFun subst (MapP p c) = do+  es <- restEids subst c+  ms <- forM es $ \e -> reprMapP costFun subst e p+  pure (imFromList ms)+{-# INLINE childEidM #-}++-- | The e-class ids bound to a rest variable, as a canonical multiset.+restEidsM :: (Monad m, HasCallStack) => Subst -> Char -> EGraphST m (IntMap Int)+restEidsM subst c = do+  let k = Right (fromEnum c)+  case Map.lookup k subst of+    Just (SVMap m) -> pure m+    Just (SVOne _) -> error $ "REPRPRAT_SINGLE_AS_REST var=" <> show (fromEnum c)+    Nothing        -> error $ "REPRPRAT_MISSING_REST var=" <> show (fromEnum c)+{-# INLINE restEidsM #-}++-- | The e-class ids bound to a rest variable, expanded one entry per+-- occurrence (used by 'MapP', which needs to instantiate per child).+restEids :: (Monad m, HasCallStack) => Subst -> Char -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+restEids subst c = expandedList <$> restEidsM subst c+{-# INLINE restEids #-}++-- | Build the target of a pattern where every `Hole` is filled with the+-- e-class `e` (used by 'MapP').+reprMapP :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => CostFun -> Subst -> EClassId -> Pattern -> EGraphST m EClassId+reprMapP costFun subst e Hole = canonical e+reprMapP costFun subst e (VarPat c) = reprPrat costFun subst (VarPat c)+reprMapP costFun subst e (Fixed target) = do+  newChildren <- mapM (reprMapP costFun subst e) (getElems target)+  addTree costFun (replaceChildren newChildren target)+reprMapP costFun subst e (NAry op ncs) = do+  m <- IntMap.unionsWith (+) <$> mapM (childMapP costFun subst e) ncs+  case IntMap.toList m of+    []   -> reprPrat costFun subst (Fixed (Const (if op == EAdd then 0 else 1)))+    [(c, 1)] -> canonical c+    _    -> do en <- mkENaryM op m+               add costFun en+{-# INLINE reprMapP #-}++-- | A single child of an n-ary pattern inside a 'MapP' function.+childMapP :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => CostFun -> Subst -> EClassId -> NChild -> EGraphST m (IntMap Int)+childMapP costFun subst e (Ch p)     = (`IntMap.singleton` 1) <$> reprMapP costFun subst e p+childMapP costFun subst e (Rest c)   = restEidsM subst c+childMapP costFun subst e (MapP _ _) = error "nested MapP unsupported"+{-# INLINE childMapP #-}++isValidHeight :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => (Subst, ClassOrVar) -> EGraphST m Bool+isValidHeight match = do+      h <- case snd match of+             Left ec -> _height <$> getEClass ec+             Right _ -> pure 0+      pure $ h < 15+{-# INLINE isValidHeight #-}++-- | returns `True` if the condition of a rule is valid for that match+isValidConditions :: ClassStore m => Condition -> (Subst, ClassOrVar) -> EGraphST m Bool+isValidConditions (Condition f) match = f (fst match)+{-# INLINE isValidConditions #-}++-- * Tree to e-graph conversion and utility functions++-- | Creates an e-graph from an expression tree+fromTree :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => CostFun -> Fix SRTree -> EGraphST m EClassId+fromTree costFun = cataM sequence (addTree costFun)+{-# INLINE fromTree #-}++-- | Builds an e-graph from multiple independent trees+fromTrees :: ClassStore m => CostFun -> [Fix SRTree] -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+fromTrees costFun = foldM (\rs t -> do eid <- fromTree costFun t; pure (eid:rs)) []+{-# INLINE fromTrees #-}++countParamsEg :: EGraph -> EClassId -> Int+countParamsEg eg rt = countParams . runIdentity $ getBestExpr rt `evalStateT` eg+countParamsUniqEg :: EGraph -> EClassId -> Int+countParamsUniqEg eg rt = countParamsUniq . runIdentity $ getBestExpr rt `evalStateT` eg+++getBestENode eid = (_best . _info) <$> getEClass eid+{-# INLINE getBestENode #-}++-- | returns one expression rooted at e-class `eId`+-- TODO: avoid loopings+getExpressionFrom :: ClassStore m => EClassId -> EGraphST m (Fix SRTree)+getExpressionFrom eId' = do+    nodes <- _eNodes <$> getEClass eId'+    case Set.toList nodes of+      (n:_) -> case n of+        EVar ix     -> pure $ Fix $ Var ix+        EParam ix   -> pure $ Fix $ Param ix+        EConst x    -> pure $ Fix $ Const x+        EUni f t    -> Fix . Uni f <$> getExpressionFrom t+        EBin op l r -> Fix <$> (Bin op <$> getExpressionFrom l <*> getExpressionFrom r)+        ENAry op xs -> naryTree op <$> mapM getExpressionFrom (expandedList xs)+      [] -> error "getExpressionFrom: empty eclass"+{-# INLINE getExpressionFrom #-}++-- | returns all expressions rooted at e-class `eId`+-- TODO: check for infinite list+getAllExpressionsFrom :: ClassStore m => EClassId -> EGraphST m [Fix SRTree]+getAllExpressionsFrom eId' = do+  nodes <- Set.toList . _eNodes <$> getEClass eId'+  go nodes+  where+    go []     = pure []+    go (n:ns) = do+        t <- case n of+                EVar ix     -> pure [Fix $ Var ix]+                EParam ix   -> pure [Fix $ Param ix]+                EConst x    -> pure [Fix $ Const x]+                EUni f t    -> Prelude.map (Fix . Uni f) <$> getAllExpressionsFrom t+                EBin op l r -> do l' <- getAllExpressionsFrom l+                                  r' <- getAllExpressionsFrom r+                                  pure $ [Fix $ Bin op li ri | li <- l', ri <- r']+                ENAry op xs -> do ts <- mapM getAllExpressionsFrom (expandedList xs)+                                  pure [ naryTree op comb | comb <- sequence ts ]+        ts <- go ns+        pure (t ++ ts)+{-# INLINE getAllExpressionsFrom #-}++getNExpressionsFrom :: ClassStore m => Int -> EClassId -> EGraphST m [Fix SRTree]+getNExpressionsFrom n eId' = getNExpressionsFrom' n 15 eId' ++getNExpressionsFrom' :: ClassStore m => Int -> Int -> EClassId -> EGraphST m [Fix SRTree]+getNExpressionsFrom' _ 0 _ = pure []+getNExpressionsFrom' n d eId' = do+  nodes <- Set.toList . _eNodes <$> getEClass eId'+  (concat <$> go n d nodes)+  where+    isTerm (EVar _) = True+    isTerm (EConst _) = True+    isTerm (EParam _) = True+    isTerm _ = False+    toTree (EVar ix) = Fix $ Var ix+    toTree (EConst x) = Fix $ Const x+    toTree (EParam ix) = Fix $ Param ix+    toTree _ = undefined++    go n' _ []     = pure []+    go n' 0 ts     = pure []+    go n' d (node:ns) = do+        tt <- case node of+                EVar ix     -> pure [Fix $ Var ix]+                EParam ix   -> pure [Fix $ Param ix]+                EConst x    -> pure [Fix $ Const x]+                EUni f t    -> Prelude.map (Fix . Uni f) <$> getNExpressionsFrom' n' (d-1) t+                EBin op l r -> do l' <- getNExpressionsFrom' n' (d-1) l+                                  r' <- getNExpressionsFrom' n' (d-1) r+                                  pure $ Prelude.take n [Fix $ Bin op li ri | li <- l', ri <- r']+                ENAry op xs -> do ts <- mapM (getNExpressionsFrom' n' (d-1)) (expandedList xs)+                                  pure $ Prelude.take n [ naryTree op comb | comb <- sequence ts ]+        let n'' = n' - length tt+        if n'' <= 0+          then pure [tt]+          else do ts <- go n'' (d-1) ns+                  pure (tt:ts)++getNEclassFrom :: ClassStore m => Int -> EClassId -> EGraphST m [[EClassId]]+getNEclassFrom n eid = getNEclassFrom' n 15 eid++getNEclassFrom' :: ClassStore m => Int -> Int -> EClassId -> EGraphST m [[EClassId]]+getNEclassFrom' _ 0 _ = pure []+getNEclassFrom' n d eId' = do+  eId <- canonical eId'+  nodes <- Set.toList . _eNodes <$> getEClass eId'+  (Prelude.map (eId:) <$> go n d nodes)+  where+    --go :: Int -> Int -> [ENode] -> EGraphST m [[EClassId]]+    go n' _ []     = pure []+    go n' 0 ts     = pure []+    go n' d (node:ns) = do+        tt <- case node of+                EBin op l r -> do l' <- getNEclassFrom' n' (d-1) l+                                  r' <- getNEclassFrom' n' (d-1) r+                                  pure $ Prelude.take n [li <> ri | li <- l', ri <- r']+                ENAry op xs -> do ts <- mapM (getNEclassFrom' n' (d-1)) xs+                                  pure $ Prelude.take n [ concat comb | comb <- sequence ts ]+                EUni f t    -> getNEclassFrom' n' (d-1) t -- [[eid2:eid1]]+                EVar ix     -> pure [[]]+                EConst x    -> pure [[]]+                EParam ix   -> pure [[]]+        pure tt+        --let n'' = n' - length tt+        --if n'' <= 0+        --  then pure [tt]+        --  else do ts <- go n'' (d-1) ns+        --          pure (tt:ts)++getAllChildEClasses :: ClassStore m => EClassId -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+getAllChildEClasses eId' = do+  eId <- canonical eId'+  IntSet.toList <$> go [eId] IntSet.empty++  where+    hasNoTerminal :: [ENode] -> Bool+    hasNoTerminal = all (not . null . eChildren) +    getNodes :: ClassStore m => EClassId -> EGraphST m [ENode]+    getNodes n = Set.toList . _eNodes <$> getEClass n++    go :: ClassStore m => [Int] -> IntSet.IntSet -> EGraphST m IntSet.IntSet+    go [] visited = pure visited+    go queue visited = do +        nodes <- concatMap eChildren . concat . filter hasNoTerminal <$> mapM getNodes queue+        eids <- filter (\e -> e `IntSet.notMember` visited) <$> (mapM canonical nodes)+        go eids (visited `IntSet.union` IntSet.fromList queue)+            {-+    go n = do nodes <- gets (map decodeEnode . Set.toList . _eNodes . (IntMap.! n) . _eClass)+              let hasTerminal = any (null . childrenOf) nodes+              eids <- mapM canonical $ concatMap childrenOf nodes+              if hasTerminal+                then pure [n]+                else do eids' <- mapM go eids+                        pure ((n : eids) <> concat eids')+                        -}+{-# INLINE getAllChildEClasses #-}++getAllChildBestEClasses :: ClassStore m => EClassId -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+getAllChildBestEClasses eId' = do+  IntSet.toList <$> go IntSet.empty eId'+  where+    go :: ClassStore m => IntSet.IntSet -> EClassId -> EGraphST m IntSet.IntSet+    go acc n+      | IntSet.member n acc = pure acc+      | otherwise = do+          let acc' = IntSet.insert n acc+          node <- (_best . _info) <$> getEClass n+          eids <- mapM canonical $ eChildren node+          foldM go acc' eids++getAllChildBestEClassesRep :: ClassStore m => EClassId -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+getAllChildBestEClassesRep eId' = do+  go eId'+  where+    go :: ClassStore m => EClassId -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+    go n = do node <- (_best . _info) <$> getEClass n+              let hasTerminal = (null . eChildren) node+              eids <- mapM canonical $ eChildren node+              if hasTerminal+                then pure [n]+                else do eids' <- mapM go eids+                        pure (n : concat eids')++-- | returns a random expression rooted at e-class `eId`+getRndExpressionFrom :: EClassId -> EGraphST (State StdGen) (Fix SRTree)+getRndExpressionFrom eId' = do+    nodes <- Set.toList . _eNodes <$> getEClass eId'+    n <- lift $ randomFrom nodes+    case n of+      EUni f t    -> Fix . Uni f <$> getRndExpressionFrom t+      EBin op l r -> Fix <$> (Bin op <$> getRndExpressionFrom l <*> getRndExpressionFrom r)+      ENAry op xs -> naryTree op <$> mapM getRndExpressionFrom (expandedList xs)+      EVar ix     -> pure $ Fix $ Var ix+      EConst x    -> pure $ Fix $ Const x+      EParam ix   -> pure $ Fix $ Param ix+  where+    randomRange rng = state (randomR rng)+    randomFrom xs   = do n <- randomRange (0, length xs - 1)+                         pure $ xs !! n+{-# INLINE getRndExpressionFrom #-}++cleanMaps :: ClassStore m => EGraphST m ()+cleanMaps = do+  hasStore <- gets (isJust . _classStore)+  if hasStore+    -- the paged store is authoritative for both node->class and canonical+    -- lookups, so the bounded resident caches are simply reset (an O(n) rebuild+    -- of an unbounded map would defeat the out-of-core goal).+    then modify' $ \eg -> eg { _eNodeToEClass = HashMap.empty+                             , _canonicalMap = IntMap.empty+                             , _eClass = IntMap.empty }+    else do+      enode2eclass <- gets _eNodeToEClass+      entries <- forM (HashMap.toList enode2eclass) $ \(k,v) -> do+        k' <- canonize k+        v' <- canonical v+        pure (k',v')+      let enode2eclass' = HashMap.fromList entries+      eclassMap <- gets _eClass+      entries' <- forM (IntMap.toList eclassMap) $ \(k,v) -> do+        k' <- canonical k+        pure $ if k==k' then (Just (k,v)) else Nothing+      let eclassMap' = IntMap.fromList (catMaybes entries')+      modify' $ \eg -> eg { _eNodeToEClass = enode2eclass'+                          , _eClass = eclassMap' }+{-# INLINE cleanMaps #-}
+ src/Algorithm/EqSat/DB.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,695 @@+{-# LANGUAGE TupleSections #-}+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Algorithm.EqSat.EqSatDB+-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :+--+-- Pattern matching and rule application functions+-- Heavily based on hegg (https://github.com/alt-romes/hegg by alt-romes)+--+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+module Algorithm.EqSat.DB where++import Algorithm.EqSat.Egraph+import Control.Lens ( over )+import Control.Monad (when, foldM, forM)+import Control.Monad.State+import GHC.Stack (HasCallStack)+import Data.IntMap.Strict (IntMap)+import qualified Data.IntMap.Strict as IntMap+import Data.Map (Map)+import qualified Data.Map as Map+import Data.List (sortBy)+import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe)+import Data.Ord (comparing)+import Data.SRTree+import Data.HashSet (HashSet)+import qualified Data.HashSet as Set+import qualified Data.Set as RangeSet+import Data.String (IsString (..))+import Data.SRTree.Recursion (cata)+import Text.Read (readMaybe)+++-- A Pattern is either a fixed-point of a tree, an index to a pattern variable+-- (which matches anything), a hole (only used inside a 'MapP' target function),+-- or an n-ary Add/Mul pattern whose children are matched as a multiset.+data Pattern = Fixed (SRTree Pattern) | VarPat Char | Hole | NAry NOp [NChild]+  deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)++-- | A child of an n-ary pattern: a single child pattern ('Ch'), a rest+-- variable binding every remaining child of the node ('Rest'), or a+-- target-side map that splices one instantiation of a pattern (with its 'Hole'+-- filled) per child bound to a rest variable ('MapP').+data NChild = Ch Pattern | Rest Char | MapP Pattern Char+  deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)++-- The instance for `IsString` for a `Pattern` is +-- valid only for a single letter char from a-zA-Z. +-- The patterns can be written as "x" + "y", for example,+-- and it will translate to `Fixed (Bin Add (VarPat 120) (VarPat 121)`.+instance IsString Pattern where+  fromString []     = error "empty string in VarPat"+  fromString [c] | n >= 65 && n <= 122 = VarPat c where n = fromEnum c+  fromString s      = error $ "invalid string in VarPat: " <> s++tree2pat :: Fix SRTree -> Pattern+tree2pat = cata alg+  where+    alg (Param ix) = if ix >= 100 then VarPat (toEnum $ ix - 100 + 65) else Fixed $ Param ix+    alg (Var ix) = Fixed $ Var ix+    alg (Const x) = Fixed $ Const x+    alg (Bin Add l r) = NAry EAdd [Ch l, Ch r]+    alg (Bin Mul l r) = NAry EMul [Ch l, Ch r]+    alg (Bin op l r) = Fixed $ Bin op l r+    alg (Uni f t) = Fixed $ Uni f t+-- A rule is either a directional rule where pat1 can be replaced by pat2, a bidirectional rule +-- where pat1 can be replaced or replace pat2, or a pattern with a conditional function +-- describing when to apply the rule +data Rule = Pattern :=> Pattern | Pattern :==: Pattern | Rule :| Condition++infix  3 :=>+infix  3 :==:+infixl 2 :|++instance Show Rule where+  show (a :=> b) = show a <> " => " <> show b+  show (a :==: b) = show a <> " == " <> show b+  show (a :| b) = show a <> " | <cond>"++-- A Query is a list of Atoms +type Query = [Atom]++-- | A `Condition` is a predicate over a match's substitution that runs inside+-- the e-graph monad so it can fetch e-class data through 'ClassStore' (which+-- streams from a paged store when the graph is out-of-core). The quantification+-- over the monad is intentional: the same condition works for any 'ClassStore'+-- instance, including the IO-backed paged store.+newtype Condition = Condition (forall m. ClassStore m => Subst -> EGraphST m Bool)++-- An Atom is composed of either an e-class id or pattern variable id+-- and the tree that generated that pattern. Left is e-class id and Right is a VarPat.+type ClassOrVar = Either EClassId Int+data Atom = Atom ClassOrVar (SRTree ClassOrVar) deriving Show++-- | A substitution value: a single e-class (a matched pattern variable) or the+-- canonical multiset of e-class ids (a matched rest variable).+data SubVal = SVOne ClassOrVar | SVMap (IntMap Int) deriving Show++-- | Substitution map produced by matching a pattern.+type Subst = Map ClassOrVar SubVal++unFixPat :: Pattern -> SRTree Pattern+unFixPat (Fixed p) = p+unFixPat (VarPat _) = error "unFixPat: VarPat is not a fixed pattern"+unFixPat Hole       = error "unFixPat: Hole is not a fixed pattern"+unFixPat (NAry _ _) = error "unFixPat: NAry is not a fixed pattern"+{-# INLINE unFixPat #-}+++instance Num Pattern where+  l + r = NAry EAdd [Ch l, Ch r]+  {-# INLINE (+) #-}+  l - r = NAry EAdd [Ch l, Ch (negate r)]+  {-# INLINE (-) #-}+  l * r = NAry EMul [Ch l, Ch r]+  {-# INLINE (*) #-}++  abs = Fixed . Uni Abs+  {-# INLINE abs #-}++  negate t = NAry EMul [Ch (Fixed (Const (-1))), Ch t]+  {-# INLINE negate #-}++  signum t = case t of+               Fixed (Const x) -> Fixed . Const $ signum x+               _               -> Fixed (Const 0)+  fromInteger x = Fixed $ Const (fromInteger x)+  {-# INLINE fromInteger #-}++instance Fractional Pattern where+  l / r = NAry EMul [Ch l, Ch (Fixed (Uni Recip r))]+  {-# INLINE (/) #-}++  fromRational = Fixed . Const . fromRational+  {-# INLINE fromRational #-}++instance Floating Pattern where+  pi      = Fixed $ Const  pi+  {-# INLINE pi #-}+  exp     = Fixed . Uni Exp+  {-# INLINE exp #-}+  log     = Fixed . Uni Log+  {-# INLINE log #-}+  sqrt    = Fixed . Uni Sqrt+  {-# INLINE sqrt #-}+  sin     = Fixed . Uni Sin+  {-# INLINE sin #-}+  cos     = Fixed . Uni Cos+  {-# INLINE cos #-}+  tan     = Fixed . Uni Tan+  {-# INLINE tan #-}+  asin    = Fixed . Uni ASin+  {-# INLINE asin #-}+  acos    = Fixed . Uni ACos+  {-# INLINE acos #-}+  atan    = Fixed . Uni ATan+  {-# INLINE atan #-}+  sinh    = Fixed . Uni Sinh+  {-# INLINE sinh #-}+  cosh    = Fixed . Uni Cosh+  {-# INLINE cosh #-}+  tanh    = Fixed . Uni Tanh+  {-# INLINE tanh #-}+  asinh   = Fixed . Uni ASinh+  {-# INLINE asinh #-}+  acosh   = Fixed . Uni ACosh+  {-# INLINE acosh #-}+  atanh   = Fixed . Uni ATanh+  {-# INLINE atanh #-}++  l ** r  = Fixed $ Bin Power l r+  {-# INLINE (**) #-}++  logBase l r = log l / log r+  {-# INLINE logBase #-}++target :: Rule -> Pattern+target (r :| _)   = target r+target (_ :=> t)  = t+target (_ :==: t) = t+{-# INLINE target #-}++source :: Rule -> Pattern+source (r :| _) = source r+source (s :=> _)  = s+source (s :==: _) = s+{-# INLINE source #-}++getConditions :: Rule -> [Condition]+getConditions (r :| c) = c : getConditions r+getConditions _ = []+{-# INLINE getConditions #-}++cleanDB :: Monad m => EGraphST m ()+cleanDB = modify' $ over (eDB. patDB) (const Map.empty)+{-# INLINE cleanDB #-}++-- | Returns the substitution rules+-- for every match of the pattern `source` inside the e-graph. This is the pure+-- matcher (no seen-set) used by user pattern queries; saturation uses+-- 'matchSaturated'.+match :: ClassStore m => Pattern -> EGraphST m [(Subst, ClassOrVar)]+match src = if hasNAry src+              then matchNAryWith Nothing src+              else do+                paged <- isPagedGraph+                if paged+                  then matchStreamCached Nothing src+                  else matchCachedWith Nothing (compileToQuery src)+{-# INLINE match #-}++-- | Non-n-ary matching. The match's root e-class anchors it the same way the+-- n-ary matcher anchors one match per trie root, so it shares the same cheap+-- persistent mark-on-attempt seen-set ('_seenMatches', keyed by rule source ->+-- root class id): already-processed roots are skipped so the per-rule budget+-- advances to new matches across the scheduler's ban/unban cycles. Keying by+-- the root (an @O(1)@ class id) avoids serializing every substitution, which+-- would dominate on rules whose @genericJoin@ yields many matches. 'Nothing'+-- disables the seen-set (pure queries).+matchCachedWith :: ClassStore m => Maybe String -> (Query, [ClassOrVar], ClassOrVar) -> EGraphST m [(Subst, ClassOrVar)]+matchCachedWith mSk (q, vars, root) = do+  ss <- genericJoin q vars root+  seenSk <- case mSk of+    Nothing -> pure RangeSet.empty+    Just sk -> gets (Map.findWithDefault RangeSet.empty sk . _seenMatches . _eDB)+  let rootOf s = case Map.lookup root s of+                   Just (SVOne (Left eid)) -> eid+                   _                       -> 0+      fresh = [ s | s <- ss+                  , Map.size s > 0+                  , maybe True (\_ -> not (RangeSet.member (show (rootOf s)) seenSk)) mSk ]+      taken = take ruleMatchBudget fresh+  case mSk of+    Just sk -> modify' $ over (eDB . seenMatches)+               (Map.insertWith RangeSet.union sk (RangeSet.fromList (map (show . rootOf) taken)))+    Nothing -> pure ()+  pure [ (s, case Map.lookup root s of+               Nothing -> error $ "MATCHCACHED_MISSING root=" <> show (getInt root) <> " substSize=" <> show (Map.size s)+               Just v  -> fromSVOne v)+       | s <- taken ]+{-# INLINE matchCachedWith #-}++-- | Saturation matching: consults/marks the persistent seen-set so each rule's+-- per-iteration budget advances to genuinely new matches across ban/unban.+matchSaturated :: ClassStore m => Pattern -> EGraphST m [(Subst, ClassOrVar)]+matchSaturated src = if hasNAry src+                       then matchNAryWith (Just (show src)) src+                       else do+                         paged <- isPagedGraph+                         if paged+                           then matchStreamCached (Just (show src)) src+                           else matchCachedWith (Just (show src)) (compileToQuery src)+{-# INLINE matchSaturated #-}++-- | True if the pattern (or a nested child) is an n-ary Add/Mul pattern.+hasNAry :: Pattern -> Bool+hasNAry (NAry _ _) = True+hasNAry (Fixed t)  = any hasNAry (getElems t)+hasNAry _          = False+{-# INLINE hasNAry #-}++-- | The operator trie key of the top-level pattern.+opOf :: Pattern -> SRTree ()+opOf (NAry EAdd _) = Bin Add () ()+opOf (NAry EMul _) = Bin Mul () ()+opOf (Fixed t)     = getOperator t+opOf _             = error "opOf: pattern has no operator"+{-# INLINE opOf #-}++-- | Matches an n-ary pattern against every root e-node of the operator trie.+-- A per-rule result budget ('ruleBudget') bounds the total number of matches+-- returned for one rule against one individual's nodes, and only the first+-- match per root e-class is kept, taming the O(k^2*m^2) backtracking of+-- Rest/Ch rules (e.g. factoring a common term out of a sum of products).+-- Keeping one match per root is sound: every returned match is genuine, and+-- the egraph merges the equivalent rewrites that further matches would apply,+-- so the rest of the root's matches are redundant work.+ruleBudget :: Int+ruleBudget = 64++-- | Cap on how many operator-trie root e-classes a single rule may visit per+-- match. 'ruleBudget' bounds the number of *results* returned, but a rule whose+-- matches are rare would otherwise still scan every root e-class in the trie+-- (every @+@/@*@ class in the graph), doing an expensive 'recursiveMatch' per+-- root -- which blows up on large graphs even though few matches result.+-- Capping root visits bounds the *search work* independently of the result+-- count. Sound: we only stop enumerating (fewer) genuine matches early.+ruleRootVisit :: Int+ruleRootVisit = 512++-- | Cap on how many matches a non-n-ary rule (the cached @genericJoin@ path)+-- may return per match. The n-ary matcher has 'ruleBudget'; give the cached+-- path a separate (larger) budget so a single rule cannot flood the iteration.+ruleMatchBudget :: Int+ruleMatchBudget = 1024++-- | Cap on how many operator-root e-classes the streaming cached matcher visits+-- per match, bounding the search work (and the page reads) independently of the+-- result count, exactly as 'ruleRootVisit' does for the n-ary matcher.+ruleMatchRootVisit :: Int+ruleMatchRootVisit = 2048++-- | Match an n-ary pattern against every root e-class of its operator trie.+--+-- A persistent per-source set of already-attempted roots ('_seenMatches') lets+-- the matcher skip roots it has already tried, so the per-rule result/search+-- budgets keep advancing to *new* roots across the scheduler's ban/unban cycles+-- instead of re-enumerating the same head of the trie (which starves the tail).+-- Roots are marked as attempted on the first try ('mark-on-attempt'), whether or+-- not they yielded a match, so a match that fails 'applyMatch' conditions is not+-- re-attempted every cycle.+matchNAryWith :: ClassStore m => Maybe String -> Pattern -> EGraphST m [(Subst, ClassOrVar)]+matchNAryWith mSk src = do+  seen <- case mSk of+    Nothing -> pure RangeSet.empty+    Just sk -> gets (Map.findWithDefault RangeSet.empty sk . _seenMatches . _eDB)+  -- skip already-attempted roots so the per-rule budget advances to new roots+  -- across the scheduler's ban/unban cycles (matches the trie path's semantics).+  let exclude = [ i | s <- RangeSet.toList seen, Just i <- [readMaybe s :: Maybe EClassId] ]+  roots <- streamRoots (opOf src) ruleRootVisit exclude+  go roots 0 0 []+  where+    go :: ClassStore m => [EClassId] -> Int -> Int -> [(Subst, ClassOrVar)] -> EGraphST m [(Subst, ClassOrVar)]+    go [] _ _ acc = pure (reverse acc)+    go _ n _ acc | n >= ruleBudget = pure (reverse acc)+    go (_ : _) _ r acc | r >= ruleRootVisit = pure (reverse acc)+    go (eid : eids) n r acc = do+      -- mark-on-attempt: remember this root as tried for this rule source+      case mSk of+        Just sk -> modify' $ over (eDB . seenMatches)+                   (Map.insertWith RangeSet.union sk (RangeSet.singleton (show eid)))+        Nothing -> pure ()+      substs <- recursiveMatch src eid Map.empty+      let newMs = take 1 [ (s, Left eid) | s <- substs ]+      go eids (n + length newMs) (r + 1) (foldr (:) acc newMs)+{-# INLINE matchNAryWith #-}++-- | Streaming matcher for the cached (non-n-ary @genericJoin@) path on a paged+-- graph. Instead of enumerating candidates from the in-RAM @_patDB@ trie, it+-- streams the candidate root e-classes of the pattern's operator through+-- 'streamRoots' (bounded, skipping the already-attempted seen-set) and matches+-- each root incrementally with 'recursiveMatch' (which reads e-classes through+-- the paged store). This is the out-of-core analogue of 'matchCachedWith': the+-- resident/pure path keeps the optimized trie 'genericJoin', and only a paged+-- graph takes this route, so the matcher never builds an O(nodes) structure.+--+-- 'ruleMatchBudget' bounds the results and 'ruleMatchRootVisit' bounds the root+-- visits; the persistent mark-on-attempt seen-set makes each rule's budgets+-- advance to new roots across the scheduler's ban/unban cycles.+matchStreamCached :: ClassStore m => Maybe String -> Pattern -> EGraphST m [(Subst, ClassOrVar)]+matchStreamCached mSk src = do+  seen <- case mSk of+    Nothing -> pure RangeSet.empty+    Just sk -> gets (Map.findWithDefault RangeSet.empty sk . _seenMatches . _eDB)+  let exclude = [ i | s <- RangeSet.toList seen, Just i <- [readMaybe s :: Maybe EClassId] ]+  roots <- case opOfMay src of+             Just op  -> streamRoots op ruleMatchRootVisit exclude+             Nothing  -> pure []+  go roots 0 0 []+  where+    go :: ClassStore m => [EClassId] -> Int -> Int -> [(Subst, ClassOrVar)] -> EGraphST m [(Subst, ClassOrVar)]+    go [] _ _ acc = pure (reverse acc)+    go _ n _ acc | n >= ruleMatchBudget = pure (reverse acc)+    go (_ : _) _ r acc | r >= ruleMatchRootVisit = pure (reverse acc)+    go (eid : eids) n r acc = do+      case mSk of+        Just sk -> modify' $ over (eDB . seenMatches)+                   (Map.insertWith RangeSet.union sk (RangeSet.singleton (show eid)))+        Nothing -> pure ()+      substs <- recursiveMatch src eid Map.empty+      let newMs = take (ruleMatchBudget - n) [ (s, Left eid) | s <- substs ]+      go eids (n + length newMs) (r + 1) (foldr (:) acc newMs)+{-# INLINE matchStreamCached #-}++-- | The operator trie key of the top-level pattern, or @Nothing@ for a pattern+-- with no operator (e.g. a bare variable), which the streaming matcher treats+-- as matching nothing.+opOfMay :: Pattern -> Maybe (SRTree ())+opOfMay (NAry EAdd _) = Just (Bin Add () ())+opOfMay (NAry EMul _) = Just (Bin Mul () ())+opOfMay (Fixed t)     = Just (getOperator t)+opOfMay _             = Nothing+{-# INLINE opOfMay #-}++-- | Recursively match a pattern against the e-class `eid`, threading a+-- substitution map, returning every substitution that completes the match.+recursiveMatch :: ClassStore m => Pattern -> EClassId -> Subst -> EGraphST m [Subst]+recursiveMatch (VarPat c) eid subst =+  pure (bindVar subst (Right (fromEnum c)) eid)+recursiveMatch Hole _ subst = pure [subst]+recursiveMatch (Fixed t) eid subst = matchFixed t eid subst+recursiveMatch (NAry op ncs) eid subst = matchNAryNode op ncs eid subst+{-# INLINE recursiveMatch #-}++-- | Bind `v` to the e-class `eid`, enforcing that re-occurrences of `v` are+-- consistent.+bindVar :: Subst -> ClassOrVar -> EClassId -> [Subst]+bindVar subst v eid =+  case Map.lookup v subst of+    Just (SVOne e) | e == Left eid -> [subst]+    Just _                         -> []+    Nothing                        -> [Map.insert v (SVOne (Left eid)) subst]+{-# INLINE bindVar #-}++-- | Match a fixed tree pattern against the e-nodes of the e-class `eid`,+-- returning every substitution that completes the match across all candidate+-- e-nodes.+matchFixed :: ClassStore m => SRTree Pattern -> EClassId -> Subst -> EGraphST m [Subst]+matchFixed t eid subst = do+  ec <- getEClass eid+  let cands = [n | n <- Set.toList (_eNodes ec), eOpKey n == getOperator t]+  fmap concat $ forM cands $ \n -> matchChildren t subst n+  where+    matchChildren t s n = go (zip (getElems t) (enodeChildren n)) [s]+    go [] ss = pure ss+    go ((p, c) : ps) ss = do+      ms <- concat <$> mapM (\s -> recursiveMatch p c s) ss+      go ps ms+{-# INLINE matchFixed #-}++-- | The child e-class ids of an e-node, in canonical (sorted for ENAry) order.+enodeChildren :: ENode -> [EClassId]+enodeChildren (EUni _ t)   = [t]+enodeChildren (EBin _ l r) = [l, r]+enodeChildren (ENAry _ m)  = expandedList m+enodeChildren _            = []+{-# INLINE enodeChildren #-}++-- | Match an n-ary pattern node against the e-class `eid`: it must contain an+-- ENAry node of the given op, whose children are matched as a multiset. Every+-- ENAry node in the class is tried.+matchNAryNode :: ClassStore m => NOp -> [NChild] -> EClassId -> Subst -> EGraphST m [Subst]+matchNAryNode op ncs eid subst = do+  ec <- getEClass eid+  let nodes = [m | ENAry op' m <- Set.toList (_eNodes ec), op' == op]+  fmap concat $ forM nodes $ \m ->+    matchNChildren ncs m subst+{-# INLINE matchNAryNode #-}++-- | Match a sequence of n-ary children against a multiset of e-class ids.+-- Each 'Ch' consumes one matched child; a 'Rest' child consumes all remaining+-- children. Every multiset assignment is returned. Iterating over the distinct+-- child ids (the multiset's keys) is sound (duplicate copies only differ by+-- position, which 'decChild' already resolves) and avoids duplicate result+-- sets.+--+-- A per-call result budget ('matchCap') caps the number of substitutions+-- returned, bounding the O(k^2*m^2) backtracking of Rest/Ch rules such as+-- factoring a common term out of a sum of products. Sound: each result is a+-- genuine match; we merely stop enumerating once the budget is exhausted.+matchCap :: Int+matchCap = 64++matchNChildren :: ClassStore m => [NChild] -> IntMap Int -> Subst -> EGraphST m [Subst]+matchNChildren ncs children subst = reverse <$> goB ncs children subst matchCap+  where+    goB :: ClassStore m => [NChild] -> IntMap Int -> Subst -> Int -> EGraphST m [Subst]+    goB [] m s _+      | IntMap.null m = pure [s]+      | otherwise     = pure []+    goB (Rest c : ps) m s b = do+      let v = Right (fromEnum c)+      case Map.lookup v s of+        Just _  -> pure []  -- rest variable already bound+        Nothing -> goB ps IntMap.empty (Map.insert v (SVMap m) s) b+    goB (Ch p : ps) m s b+      | multiplicity m <= nCh ps = pure []  -- not enough children left+      | otherwise = goC (IntMap.keys m) 0 []+      where+        goC :: ClassStore m => [EClassId] -> Int -> [Subst] -> EGraphST m [Subst]+        goC [] _ acc = pure acc+        goC _ n acc | n >= b    = pure acc+        goC (c : cs) n acc = do+          ms <- recursiveMatch p c s+          goMs c ms cs n acc+        goMs :: ClassStore m => EClassId -> [Subst] -> [EClassId] -> Int -> [Subst] -> EGraphST m [Subst]+        goMs c [] cs n acc = goC cs n acc+        goMs c (s' : ms) cs n acc+          | n >= b     = pure acc+          | otherwise = do+              r <- goB ps (decChild c m) s' (b - n)+              let r' = take (b - n) r+                  n' = n + length r'+              goMs c ms cs n' (foldr (:) acc r')+    goB (MapP _ _ : _) _ _ _ = error "matchNChildren: MapP is only valid in targets"+{-# INLINE matchNChildren #-}++-- | Total number of children (counting multiplicities) in a multiset.+multiplicity :: IntMap Int -> Int+multiplicity = IntMap.foldr' (+) 0+{-# INLINE multiplicity #-}++-- | Remove one occurrence of `c` from the multiset (decrementing its+-- multiplicity, or dropping the key entirely when it reaches zero).+decChild :: Int -> IntMap Int -> IntMap Int+decChild c = IntMap.update (\n -> if n > 1 then Just (n - 1) else Nothing) c+{-# INLINE decChild #-}++-- | Number of 'Ch' patterns in a child pattern sequence (each consumes one+-- child, so at least this many children must remain).+nCh :: [NChild] -> Int+nCh = length . filter isCh+  where+    isCh (Ch _)   = True+    isCh _        = False+{-# INLINE nCh #-}++-- | Unwrap a single-e-class substitution value.+fromSVOne :: SubVal -> ClassOrVar+fromSVOne (SVOne v)    = v+fromSVOne (SVMap _)    = error "fromSVOne: expected a single e-class"+{-# INLINE fromSVOne #-}++-- | Returns a Query (list of atoms) of a pattern with pre-computed ordered vars+compileToQuery :: Pattern -> (Query, [ClassOrVar], ClassOrVar)+compileToQuery pat = (atoms, orderedVars atoms, root)+  where (atoms, root) = evalState (processPat pat) 256+      -- creates the atoms of a pattern+        processPat :: Pattern -> State Int (Query, ClassOrVar)+        processPat (VarPat x)  = pure ([], Right $ fromEnum x)+        processPat (NAry _ _)  = error "compileToQuery: n-ary pattern (use matchNAry instead)"+        processPat Hole        = error "compileToQuery: Hole is only valid in MapP targets"+        processPat (Fixed pat) = do+            -- get the next available var id and add as root+            v <- get+            let root = Right v+            -- updates the next available id+            modify (+1)+            -- recursivelly process the children of the pattern+            patChilds <- mapM processPat (getElems pat)+            -- create an atom composed of the+            -- root and the tree with the children+            -- replaced by the childs roots+            -- add the child atoms to the list+            let atoms = concatMap fst patChilds+                roots = map snd patChilds+                atom  = Atom root (replaceChildren roots pat)+                atoms' = atom:atoms+            pure (atoms', root)+{-# INLINE compileToQuery #-}++-- get the value from the Either Int Int+getInt :: ClassOrVar -> Int+getInt (Left a)  = a+getInt (Right a) = a+{-# INLINE getInt #-}++-- | returns the list of the children values+getElems :: SRTree a -> [a]+getElems (Bin _ l r) = [l,r]+getElems (Uni _ t)   = [t]+getElems _           = []+{-# INLINE getElems #-}++-- | Creates the substituion map for+-- the pattern variables for each one of the+-- matched subgraph+genericJoin :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => Query -> [ClassOrVar] -> ClassOrVar -> EGraphST m [Subst]+genericJoin atoms vars root = go atoms vars+  where+    -- for each variable+    --   for each possible e-class id for that variable+    --      replace the var id with this e-class id, and+    --      recurse to find the possible matches for the next atom+    go :: ClassStore m => Query -> [ClassOrVar] -> EGraphST m [Subst]+    go atoms [] = pure [Map.empty] -- | _ <- atoms]+    go atoms (x:vars) = do cIds1 <- domainX x atoms root+                           maps <- forM cIds1 $ \classId -> do+                             map (Map.insert x (SVOne classId)) <$> go (updateVar x classId atoms) vars+                           pure (concat maps)+{-# INLINE genericJoin #-}++++-- | returns the e-class id for a certain variable that+-- matches the pattern described by the atoms+domainX :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => ClassOrVar -> Query -> ClassOrVar -> EGraphST m [ClassOrVar]+domainX var atoms root = do+  let atoms' = filter (elemOfAtom var) atoms -- :: [ClassOrVar]  -- look only in the atoms with this var+  map Left <$> intersectAtoms var atoms' root -- find the intersection of possible keys by each atom+{-# INLINE domainX #-}++-- | returns all e-class id that can matches this sequence of atoms+intersectAtoms :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => ClassOrVar -> Query -> ClassOrVar -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+intersectAtoms _ [] root = pure []+intersectAtoms var (a:atoms) root = do+  a0 <- toCanon =<< go a+  Set.toList <$> (foldM (\acc atom -> do+    res <- go atom+    Set.intersection acc <$> toCanon res) a0 atoms)+  where+      toCanon x = if var==root+                     then pure x+                     else Set.fromList <$> (mapM canonical $ Set.toList x)++      go (Atom r t) =+        do let op = getOperator t+           mTrie <- gets ((Map.!? op) . _patDB . _eDB)+           case mTrie of+             Just trie -> pure (fromMaybe Set.empty $ intersectTries var IntMap.empty trie (r:getElems t))+             Nothing   -> pure Set.empty++{-# INLINE intersectAtoms #-}++-- | searches for the intersection of e-class ids that+-- matches each part of the query.+-- Returns Nothing if the intersection is empty.+--+-- var is the current variable being investigated+-- xs is the map of ids being investigated and their corresponding e-class id+-- trie is the current trie of the pattern+-- (i:ids) sequence of root : children of the atom to investigate+-- NOTE: it must be Maybe Set to differentiate between empty set and no answer+intersectTries :: ClassOrVar -> IntMap EClassId -> IntTrie -> [ClassOrVar] -> Maybe (HashSet EClassId)+intersectTries var xs trie [] = Just Set.empty+intersectTries var xs trie (i:ids) =+    case i of+      Left x  -> case IntMap.lookup x (_trie trie) of+                   Just subtrie -> intersectTries var xs subtrie ids+                   Nothing -> Nothing+      Right x -> if IntMap.member x xs+                    then case IntMap.lookup (xs IntMap.! x) (_trie trie) of+                           Just subtrie -> intersectTries var xs subtrie ids+                           Nothing -> Nothing+                    else if Right x == var+                            then if all (isDiffFrom x) ids+                                    then Just $ Set.fromList (IntMap.keys (_trie trie))+                                    else Just $ IntMap.foldrWithKey (\k v acc ->+                                                    case intersectTries var (IntMap.insert x k xs) v ids of+                                                      Nothing -> acc+                                                      _       -> Set.insert k acc) Set.empty (_trie trie)+                            else Just $ IntMap.foldrWithKey (\k v acc ->+                                                case intersectTries var (IntMap.insert x k xs) v ids of+                                                  Nothing -> acc+                                                  Just s  -> Set.union acc s+                                                     ) Set.empty (_trie trie)+{-# INLINE intersectTries #-}++-- | updates all occurrence of var with the new id x+updateVar :: ClassOrVar -> ClassOrVar -> Query -> Query+updateVar var x = map replace+  where+      replace (Atom r t) = let children = [if c == var then x else c | c <- getElems t]+                               t'       =  replaceChildren children t+                            in Atom (if r == var then x else r) t'+{-# INLINE updateVar #-}++-- | checks whether two ClassOrVar are different+-- only check if it is a pattern variable, else returns true+isDiffFrom :: Int -> ClassOrVar -> Bool+isDiffFrom x y = case y of+                   Left _ -> False+                   Right z -> x /= z+{-# INLINE isDiffFrom #-}++-- | checks if v is an element of an atom+elemOfAtom :: ClassOrVar -> Atom -> Bool+elemOfAtom v (Atom root tree) =+    case root of+      Left _  -> v `elem` getElems tree+      Right x -> Right x == v || v `elem` getElems tree+{-# INLINE elemOfAtom #-}++-- | sorts the variables in a query by the most frequently occurring+-- Ties are broken by putting an atom ROOT first. The root indexes the+-- operator trie directly, so matching it first replaces repeated whole-trie+-- folds (O(candidates x nodes)) with direct per-node trie descents. The old+-- tie-break (by id) put low-id pattern leaves before the high-id fresh root,+-- which made the root's domain include every operator node regardless of the+-- already-bound children (over-enumeration and O(n^2) folds).+-- Measured on the user config: 33s -> 19s (MT -N8), best loss unchanged.+orderedVars :: Query -> [ClassOrVar]+orderedVars atoms = sortBy (comparing key) $ RangeSet.toList $ RangeSet.fromList [a | atom <- atoms, a <- getIdsFrom atom, isRight a]+  where+    getIdsFrom (Atom r t) = r : getElems t+    isRight (Right _) = True+    isRight _ = False++    -- is the variable the ROOT of some atom (an index into the operator trie)?+    isHeader v = any (\a -> case a of Atom r _ -> r == v) atoms++    varCost :: ClassOrVar -> Int+    varCost var = foldr (\a acc -> if elemOfAtom var a then acc - 100 + atomLen a else acc) 0 atoms++    key :: ClassOrVar -> (Int, Int)+    key v = (varCost v, if isHeader v then 0 else 1)++    atomLen (Atom _ t) = 1 + length (getElems t)+{-# INLINE orderedVars #-}
+ src/Algorithm/EqSat/Egraph.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,925 @@+{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell #-}+{-# LANGUAGE TupleSections #-}+{-# LANGUAGE StrictData #-}+{-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric, DeriveAnyClass #-}+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}+{-# LANGUAGE TypeSynonymInstances, FlexibleInstances #-}+{-# LANGUAGE UndecidableInstances #-}+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Algorithm.EqSat.Egraph+-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :+--+-- Equality Graph data structure +-- Heavily based on hegg (https://github.com/alt-romes/hegg by alt-romes)+--+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------++module Algorithm.EqSat.Egraph where++import Control.Lens (element, makeLenses, view, over, (&), (+~), (-~), (.~), (^.))+--import Control.Monad (forM_, when, foldM, void)+import Data.List ( intercalate, foldl' )+import Control.Monad (forM)+import Control.Monad.State.Strict hiding ( get, put )+import Control.Monad.IO.Class (MonadIO(..))+import Data.Functor.Identity (Identity)+import GHC.Stack (HasCallStack)+import System.Random (StdGen)+import Data.IntMap.Strict (IntMap)+import qualified Data.IntMap.Strict as IntMap+import Data.Map.Strict (Map)+import qualified Data.Map.Strict as Map+import Data.HashMap.Strict (HashMap)+import qualified Data.HashMap.Strict as HashMap+import Data.HashSet (HashSet)+import qualified Data.HashSet as Set+import Data.IntSet (IntSet)+import qualified Data.IntSet as IntSet+import qualified Data.Set as RangeSet+import Data.SRTree+import Data.SRTree.Eval+import Data.SRTree.Recursion (cata)+import Data.Hashable+import Data.Binary+import qualified Data.Binary as Bin+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as VU+import Control.DeepSeq (NFData)++import GHC.Generics+++type EClassId     = Int -- NOTE: DO NOT CHANGE THIS, this will break the use of IntMap and IntSet+type ClassIdMap   = IntMap++-- | N-ary operators represented as flattened multisets inside the e-graph.+-- Only Add and Mul are associative-commutative in this library; the remaining+-- ops (Sub, Div, Power, PowerAbs, AQ) stay binary and live in 'EBin'.+data NOp = EAdd | EMul deriving (Show, Eq, Ord, Enum, Generic, NFData)++-- | The e-graph's node language.+--+-- 'ENAry' stores Add/Mul as a canonical multiset of e-class ids: children are+-- path-compressed, keys sorted by canonical 'EClassId' (commutativity), and+-- nested same-op ENAry children are absorbed at insertion time+-- (associativity), so no commutativity/associativity rewrite rules are needed+-- for Add/Mul. The children are an 'IntMap' of e-class id to multiplicity.+data ENode+  = EVar   {-# UNPACK #-} !Int+  | EParam {-# UNPACK #-} !Int+  | EConst {-# UNPACK #-} !Double+  | EUni   Function EClassId+  | EBin   Op EClassId EClassId          -- Sub | Div | Power | PowerAbs | AQ+  | ENAry  NOp (IntMap Int)              -- canonical multiset: eclass -> multiplicity+  deriving (Show, Eq, Generic, NFData)++type EGraphST m a = StateT EGraph m a+type Cost         = Int+type CostFun      = SRTree Cost -> Cost+type ECache = IntMap.IntMap Target++instance Hashable NOp where+  hashWithSalt n EAdd = n `hashWithSalt` (0 :: Int)+  hashWithSalt n EMul = n `hashWithSalt` (1 :: Int)++instance Hashable ENode where+  hashWithSalt n (EVar ix)      = n `hashWithSalt` (0 :: Int) `hashWithSalt` ix+  hashWithSalt n (EParam ix)    = n `hashWithSalt` (1 :: Int) `hashWithSalt` ix+  hashWithSalt n (EConst x)     = n `hashWithSalt` (2 :: Int) `hashWithSalt` x+  hashWithSalt n (EUni f t)     = n `hashWithSalt` (3 :: Int) `hashWithSalt` (fromEnum f) `hashWithSalt` t+  hashWithSalt n (EBin op l r)  = n `hashWithSalt` (4 :: Int) `hashWithSalt` (fromEnum op) `hashWithSalt` l `hashWithSalt` r+  hashWithSalt n (ENAry op m)   = n `hashWithSalt` (5 :: Int) `hashWithSalt` op `hashWithSalt` m++type RangeTree a = RangeSet.Set (a, EClassId)++-- | Expand a canonical multiset back to the equivalent (multi-)set of child+-- e-class ids, one entry per occurrence.+expandedList :: IntMap Int -> [EClassId]+expandedList = concatMap (\(k, n) -> replicate n k) . IntMap.toAscList+{-# INLINE expandedList #-}++-- | Build a canonical multiset from a list of child ids (duplicates allowed).+imFromList :: [EClassId] -> IntMap Int+imFromList = IntMap.fromListWith (+) . map (, 1)+{-# INLINE imFromList #-}++++insertRange :: (Ord a, Show a) => EClassId -> a -> RangeTree a -> RangeTree a+insertRange eid x = RangeSet.insert (x, eid)+{-# INLINE insertRange #-}++removeRange :: (Ord a, Show a) => EClassId -> a -> RangeTree a -> RangeTree a+removeRange eid x = RangeSet.delete (x, eid)+{-# INLINE removeRange #-}++++++-- TODO: check this \/+getWithinRange :: Ord a => a -> a -> RangeTree a -> [EClassId]+getWithinRange lb ub rt =+  let (_, ge)  = RangeSet.split (lb, minBound) rt+      (inR, _) = RangeSet.split (ub, maxBound) ge+  in map snd (RangeSet.toList inR)++getSmallest :: Ord a => RangeTree a -> Maybe (a, EClassId)+getSmallest = RangeSet.lookupMin+{-# INLINE getSmallest #-}++getGreatest :: Ord a => RangeTree a -> Maybe (a, EClassId)+getGreatest = RangeSet.lookupMax+{-# INLINE getGreatest #-}++-- | Handle to an external, lazily paged e-class store (provided by the+-- storage layer, e.g. srtree-db's 'PageStore'). An 'EGraph' carries one when+-- e-classes are backed by a database; the IO actions fetch / persist /+-- evict a single e-class page. 'Nothing' keeps the classic fully-resident+-- behaviour.+data EClassPageStore = EClassPageStore+  { cpsLookup :: EClassId -> IO (Maybe EClass)+  , cpsInsert :: EClass -> IO ()+  , cpsDelete :: EClassId -> IO ()+  , cpsFlush  :: IO ()                      -- ^ write back all pending dirty pages+  , cpsAll    :: IO [EClass]                -- ^ all e-classes currently in the store+  , cpsKeys   :: IO [EClassId]              -- ^ all e-class ids currently in the store+  , cpsStreamRoots :: SRTree () -> Int -> [EClassId] -> IO [EClassId]  -- ^ bounded candidate roots for an operator, skipping an attempted set+  , cpsRecordNode  :: ENode -> EClassId -> IO ()         -- ^ register a newly-created node for write-back+  , cpsNodeToClass :: ENode -> IO (Maybe EClassId)       -- ^ content-address node -> class lookup (live)+  , cpsCanonicalOf :: EClassId -> IO (Maybe EClassId)    -- ^ e-class -> canonical representative (live)+  , cpsRecordCanonical :: EClassId -> EClassId -> IO ()  -- ^ persist a canonical mapping (write-back)+  , cpsBeginFrontier :: IO ()                            -- ^ start a frontier re-saturation (restrict matcher to changed classes)+  , cpsEndFrontier    :: IO ()                           -- ^ end it: clear the frontier (a pass re-saturated everything)+  }++data EGraph = EGraph { _canonicalMap  :: ClassIdMap EClassId   -- maps an e-class id to its canonical form+                     , _eNodeToEClass :: HashMap ENode EClassId    -- maps an e-node to its e-class id+                     , _eClass        :: ClassIdMap EClass     -- maps an e-class id to its e-class data (resident cache)+                     , _eDB           :: EGraphDB+                     , _classStore    :: Maybe EClassPageStore -- optional lazily paged store for _eClass+                     }++data EGraphDB = EDB { _worklist      :: HashSet (EClassId, ENode)      -- e-nodes and e-class schedule for analysis+                    , _analysis      :: HashSet (EClassId, ENode)      -- e-nodes and e-class that changed data+                     , _refits        :: IntSet+                    , _patDB         :: DB                         -- database of patterns+                    , _fitRangeDB    :: RangeTree Double           -- database of valid fitness+                    , _dlRangeDB     :: RangeTree Double+                    , _sizeDB        :: IntMap IntSet              -- database of model sizes+                    , _sizeFitDB     :: IntMap (RangeTree Double)  -- hacky! Size x Fitness DB+                    , _sizeDLDB      :: IntMap (RangeTree Double)+                    , _unevaluated   :: IntSet                     -- set of not-evaluated e-classes+                      , _nextId        :: Int                        -- next available id+                      , _changed       :: !Bool                      -- dirty flag: true if modified since last check+                      , _trackDBs      :: !Bool                      -- maintain range DBs (False during pure simplify)+                      , _seenMatches   :: Map String (RangeSet.Set String) -- persistent (rule source -> attempted match keys)+                      } deriving (Show, Generic)++data EClass = EClass { _eClassId :: {-# UNPACK #-} !Int                   -- e-class id (maybe we don't need that here)+                     , _eNodes   :: HashSet ENode           -- set of e-nodes inside this e-class+                     , _parents  :: HashSet (EClassId, ENode) -- parents (e-class, e-node)'s+                     , _height   :: {-# UNPACK #-} !Int                   -- height+                     , _info     :: EClassData            -- data+                     } deriving (Show, Eq, Generic)++data Consts   = NotConst | ParamIx {-# UNPACK #-} !Int | ConstVal {-# UNPACK #-} !Double deriving (Show, Eq, Generic)+data Property = Positive | Negative | NonZero | Real deriving (Show, Eq, Generic) -- TODO: incorporate properties++data EClassData = EData { _cost    :: {-# UNPACK #-} !Cost+                        , _best    :: ENode+                        , _consts  :: Consts+                        , _fitness :: Maybe Double    -- NOTE: this cannot be NaN+                        , _dl      :: Maybe Double+                        , _theta   :: [Target]+                        , _size    :: {-# UNPACK #-} !Int+                        -- , _properties :: Property+                        -- TODO: include evaluation of expression from this e-class+                        } deriving (Show, Generic)++-- * Serialization+instance Generic (EClassId, ENode)++instance Binary NOp where+  put EAdd = put (0 :: Word8)+  put EMul = put (1 :: Word8)++  get = do t <- get :: Get Word8+           case t of+             0 -> pure EAdd+             1 -> pure EMul++instance Binary ENode where+  put (EVar ix)      = put (0 :: Word8) >> put ix+  put (EParam ix)    = put (1 :: Word8) >> put ix+  put (EConst x)     = put (2 :: Word8) >> put x+  put (EUni f t)     = put (3 :: Word8) >> put (fromEnum f) >> put t+  put (EBin op l r)  = put (4 :: Word8) >> put (fromEnum op) >> put l >> put r+  put (ENAry op m)   = put (5 :: Word8) >> put op >> put (expandedList m)++  get = do t <- get :: Get Word8+           case t of+                0 -> EVar   <$> get+                1 -> EParam <$> get+                2 -> EConst <$> get+                3 -> EUni   <$> (toEnum <$> get) <*> get+                4 -> EBin   <$> (toEnum <$> get) <*> get <*> get+                5 -> ENAry  <$> get <*> (imFromList <$> get)++instance Binary (SRTree ()) where+  put (Var ix)     = put (0 :: Word8) >> put ix+  put (Param ix)   = put (1 :: Word8) >> put ix+  put (Const x)    = put (2 :: Word8) >> put x+  put (Uni f t)    = put (3 :: Word8) >> put (fromEnum f)+  put (Bin op l r) = put (4 :: Word8) >> put (fromEnum op)++  get = do t <- get :: Get Word8+           case t of+                0 -> Var   <$> get+                1 -> Param <$> get+                2 -> Const <$> get+                3 -> Uni   <$> (toEnum <$> get) <*> pure ()+                4 -> Bin   <$> (toEnum <$> get) <*> pure () <*> pure ()++instance (Binary a, Hashable a) => Binary (HashSet a) where+  put hs = put (Set.toList hs)+  get    = Set.fromList <$> get++instance (Binary k, Binary v, Hashable k, Eq k) => Binary (HashMap k v) where+  put hm = put (HashMap.toList hm)+  get    = HashMap.fromList <$> get++instance Binary Target where+  put xs = put (VU.toList xs)+  get    = VU.fromList <$> get++instance Binary IntTrie+instance Binary EClass+instance Binary Consts+instance Binary Property+instance Binary EClassData+-- Custom: keep `_trackDBs` out of the wire format so on-disk EGraphDB data+-- (written before the flag existed) decodes unchanged; it defaults to True.+instance Binary EGraphDB where+  put (EDB w a r p f d s sf sdl u n c _ _) =+    put w >> put a >> put r >> put p >> put f >> put d >> put s >> put sf >> put sdl >> put u >> put n >> put c+  get = EDB <$> get <*> get <*> get <*> get <*> get <*> get <*> get <*> get <*> get <*> get <*> get <*> get <*> pure True <*> pure Map.empty+-- Custom: the wire format omits `_classStore` (a runtime handle to the paged+-- store, never serialized); it decodes to Nothing.+instance Binary EGraph where+  put (EGraph c n e d _) = put c >> put n >> put e >> put d+  get = EGraph <$> get <*> get <*> get <*> get <*> pure Nothing++instance Eq EClassData where+  EData c1 b1 cs1 ft1 dl1 _ s1 == EData c2 b2 cs2 ft2 dl2 _ s2 = c1==c2 && b1==b2 && cs1==cs2 && ft1==ft2 && dl1==dl2 && s1==s2++-- The database maps a symbol to an IntTrie+-- The IntTrie stores the possible paths from a certain e-class+-- that matches a pattern+type DB = Map (SRTree ()) IntTrie+-- The IntTrie is composed of the set of available keys (for convenience)+-- and an IntMap that maps one e-class id to the first child IntTrie,+-- the first child IntTrie will point to the next child and so on+newtype IntTrie = IntTrie { _trie :: IntMap IntTrie } deriving (Generic)++instance Show IntTrie where+  show (IntTrie t) = "{" <> intercalate "," (map (\(k,v) -> show k <> " -> " <> show v) $ IntMap.toList t) <> "}"++makeLenses ''EGraph+makeLenses ''EClass+makeLenses ''EClassData+makeLenses ''EGraphDB++-- * Paged e-class access++-- | A monad that can serve e-class data.+--+-- The pure instances ('Identity', 'State StdGen') serve classes from the+-- resident @_eClass@ map; the 'MonadIO' instance consults the optional+-- 'EClassPageStore' when the graph carries one, falling back to the resident+-- map otherwise. All e-class read/write goes through these accessors, which+-- are the single choke point for a paged (out-of-core) e-graph.+class Monad m => ClassStore m where+  lookupClass :: EClassId -> EGraphST m (Maybe EClass)+  getClass    :: HasCallStack => EClassId -> EGraphST m EClass+  insertClass :: EClass -> EGraphST m ()+  deleteClass :: EClassId -> EGraphST m ()+  adjustClass :: EClassId -> (EClass -> EClass) -> EGraphST m ()+  -- | Enumerate every e-class (ids / values) in the graph. Paged graphs stream+  -- from the store; resident graphs read the full @_eClass@ map.+  allClasses  :: EGraphST m [EClass]+  allKeys     :: EGraphST m [EClassId]+  -- | Read/write a class directly from/to the backing store, bypassing the+  -- resident LRU cache (and its O(n) 'trimResidentCache'). Bulk single-pass+  -- traversals such as 'recalculateBestAllStream' must use these: routing every+  -- one of ~n classes through 'lookupClass'/'insertClass' inserts each into the+  -- resident map and calls 'trimResidentCache' (a full O(n) rebuild) after each+  -- write, degenerating to O(n^2) and never terminating at scale.+  readDirect  :: EClassId -> EGraphST m (Maybe EClass)+  writeDirect :: EClass -> EGraphST m ()+  allClasses  = gets (IntMap.elems . _eClass)+  allKeys     = gets (IntMap.keys . _eClass)+  readDirect  = lookupClass+  writeDirect = insertClass+  -- | Enumerate (bounded) candidate e-class ids that contain a node of the+  -- given operator, to drive the streaming matcher, skipping any ids in+  -- @exclude@ (the already-attempted seen-set, so the per-rule budget advances+  -- to new roots across scheduler cycles). The default reads the resident+  -- @_patDB@ trie (the fully-in-RAM path); a paged graph streams the candidates+  -- from its backing store instead, so the matcher never builds an O(nodes)+  -- structure.+  streamRoots :: SRTree () -> Int -> [EClassId] -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+  streamRoots = streamRootsFromDB+  -- | Record a newly-created e-node (and its e-class) so a streaming matcher's+  -- candidate source can see it. The default (fully resident graph) is a no-op:+  -- the resident @_patDB@ is already updated by 'addToDB'.+  recordNode :: ENode -> EClassId -> EGraphST m ()+  recordNode _ _ = pure ()+  -- | Content-address node -> class lookup. The default reads the resident+  -- @_eNodeToEClass@ map (complete for a resident graph); a paged graph bounds+  -- that map and falls back to the backing store on a miss.+  lookupNode :: ENode -> EGraphST m (Maybe EClassId)+  lookupNode en = gets (HashMap.lookup en . _eNodeToEClass)+  -- | Record a node -> class mapping. The default keeps the resident (full)+  -- map; a paged graph bounds it (evicting, since the store is authoritative).+  insertNode :: ENode -> EClassId -> EGraphST m ()+  insertNode en eid = modify' $ over eNodeToEClass (HashMap.insert en eid)+  -- | Record a canonical mapping (e-class -> representative), persisting it on a+  -- paged graph so the store-backed canonical lookup sees merges/new classes.+  insertCanonical :: EClassId -> EClassId -> EGraphST m ()+  insertCanonical eid canon = modify' $ over canonicalMap (IntMap.insert eid canon)+  -- | The canonical representative of an e-class, or @Nothing@ when unknown. The+  -- default reads the resident @_canonicalMap@; a paged graph bounds it and+  -- falls back to the store.+  canonicalOf :: EClassId -> EGraphST m (Maybe EClassId)+  canonicalOf eid = gets (IntMap.lookup eid . _canonicalMap)++-- | Default candidate-root enumeration from the resident @_patDB@ trie, capped+-- at @budget@ after skipping @exclude@ (used by the pure instances and as the+-- no-store fallback for a @MonadIO@ graph).+streamRootsFromDB :: Monad m => SRTree () -> Int -> [EClassId] -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+streamRootsFromDB op budget exclude = do+  db <- gets (_patDB . _eDB)+  let ex = IntSet.fromList exclude+  case Map.lookup op db of+    Nothing  -> pure []+    Just trie -> pure (take budget [ e | e <- IntMap.keys (_trie trie), not (IntSet.member e ex) ])+{-# INLINE streamRootsFromDB #-}++-- | Whether the graph is backed by a lazily paged e-class store. Streaming+-- matchers dispatch on this: a paged graph enumerates candidates from the+-- backing store (bounded memory), a resident graph from @_patDB@.+isPagedGraph :: Monad m => EGraphST m Bool+isPagedGraph = gets (maybe False (const True) . _classStore)+{-# INLINE isPagedGraph #-}++-- Resident-map implementations (used by every pure monad) ------------------++pureLookupClass :: Monad m => EClassId -> EGraphST m (Maybe EClass)+pureLookupClass cid = gets (IntMap.lookup cid . _eClass)+{-# INLINE pureLookupClass #-}++pureGetClass :: (Monad m, HasCallStack) => EClassId -> EGraphST m EClass+pureGetClass cid = do+  m <- pureLookupClass cid+  case m of+    Just ec -> pure ec+    Nothing -> error $ "GETECLASS_MISSING eid=" <> show cid+{-# INLINE pureGetClass #-}++pureInsertClass :: Monad m => EClass -> EGraphST m ()+pureInsertClass ec = modify' $ over eClass (IntMap.insert (_eClassId ec) ec)+{-# INLINE pureInsertClass #-}++pureDeleteClass :: Monad m => EClassId -> EGraphST m ()+pureDeleteClass cid = modify' $ over eClass (IntMap.delete cid)+{-# INLINE pureDeleteClass #-}++pureAdjustClass :: Monad m => EClassId -> (EClass -> EClass) -> EGraphST m ()+pureAdjustClass cid f = modify' $ over eClass (IntMap.adjust f cid)+{-# INLINE pureAdjustClass #-}++-- | Maximum number of e-classes kept in the resident @_eClass@ cache when the+-- graph is backed by a paged store. When exceeded, the largest-id classes are+-- retained and the rest evicted from the resident map. The store remains+-- authoritative (and Little-data reads fall back to it), so eviction only+-- bounds memory, never correctness.+residentClassCap :: Int+residentClassCap = 50000++-- | Trim the resident @_eClass@ cache to at most 'residentClassCap' entries+-- by keeping the largest ids. No-op for graphs without a paged store (their+-- resident map must stay complete for the pure instances). Halving on 2x keeps+-- steady churn from triggering an O(n) rebuild on every insert.+trimResidentCache :: Monad m => EGraphST m ()+trimResidentCache = modify' $ \eg ->+  case _classStore eg of+    Nothing -> eg+    Just _  ->+      let m = _eClass eg+          n = IntMap.size m+      in if n <= 2 * residentClassCap+            then eg+            else over eClass (const (IntMap.fromList (Prelude.drop (n - residentClassCap) (IntMap.toAscList m)))) eg++-- | Bound on the resident @_eNodeToEClass@ cache on a paged graph. Beyond the+-- cap (checked at 2x, halved back to cap) the map is pruned; the backing store+-- is authoritative, so eviction only trades a little dedup accuracy for bounded+-- memory, never correctness.+nodeCacheCap :: Int+nodeCacheCap = 100000++-- | Bound on the resident @_canonicalMap@ cache on a paged graph (same+-- halve-on-2x policy; evicted entries are re-read from the store).+canonicalCacheCap :: Int+canonicalCacheCap = 100000+{-# INLINE nodeCacheCap #-}+{-# INLINE canonicalCacheCap #-}++trimNodeCache :: Monad m => EGraphST m ()+trimNodeCache = modify' $ \eg ->+  case _classStore eg of+    Nothing -> eg+    Just _  ->+      let m = _eNodeToEClass eg+          n = HashMap.size m+      in if n <= 2 * nodeCacheCap+            then eg+            else over eNodeToEClass (const (HashMap.fromList (Prelude.take nodeCacheCap (HashMap.toList m)))) eg+{-# INLINE trimNodeCache #-}++trimCanonicalCache :: Monad m => EGraphST m ()+trimCanonicalCache = modify' $ \eg ->+  case _classStore eg of+    Nothing -> eg+    Just _  ->+      let m = _canonicalMap eg+          n = IntMap.size m+      in if n <= 2 * canonicalCacheCap+            then eg+            else over canonicalMap (const (IntMap.fromList (Prelude.take canonicalCacheCap (IntMap.toAscList m)))) eg+{-# INLINE trimCanonicalCache #-}++instance ClassStore Identity where+  lookupClass = pureLookupClass+  getClass    = pureGetClass+  insertClass = pureInsertClass+  deleteClass = pureDeleteClass+  adjustClass = pureAdjustClass++instance ClassStore (State StdGen) where+  lookupClass = pureLookupClass+  getClass    = pureGetClass+  insertClass = pureInsertClass+  deleteClass = pureDeleteClass+  adjustClass = pureAdjustClass++-- Any monad that can run IO is potentially paged: the graph's optional+-- store, when present, is authoritative; otherwise classes come from the+-- resident map.+instance {-# OVERLAPPABLE #-} (Monad m, MonadIO m) => ClassStore m where+  -- The resident map is kept in sync by 'insertClass'/'deleteClass', so it is+  -- consulted first: repeated reads never touch the store, and a class that+  -- was evicted from the store's LRU while still dirty is never served stale.+  lookupClass cid = do+    eg <- gets id+    case IntMap.lookup cid (_eClass eg) of+      Just ec -> pure (Just ec)+      Nothing -> case _classStore eg of+                   Nothing -> pure Nothing+                   Just h  -> liftIO (cpsLookup h cid)+  getClass cid = do+    eg <- gets id+    case IntMap.lookup cid (_eClass eg) of+      Just ec -> pure ec+      Nothing -> case _classStore eg of+                   Nothing -> pureGetClass cid+                   Just h  -> do+                     m <- liftIO (cpsLookup h cid)+                     case m of+                       Just ec -> do+                         modify' (over eClass (IntMap.insert cid ec))+                         trimResidentCache+                         pure ec+                       Nothing -> error $ "GETECLASS_MISSING eid=" <> show cid+  insertClass ec = do+    eg <- gets id+    case _classStore eg of+      Nothing -> pureInsertClass ec+      Just h  -> do liftIO (cpsInsert h ec)+                    pureInsertClass ec+                    trimResidentCache+  deleteClass cid = do+    eg <- gets id+    case _classStore eg of+      Nothing -> pureDeleteClass cid+      Just h  -> do liftIO (cpsDelete h cid)+                    pureDeleteClass cid+  adjustClass cid f = do+    eg <- gets id+    case _classStore eg of+      Nothing -> pureAdjustClass cid f+      Just _  -> do+        m <- lookupClass cid+        case m of+          Nothing -> pure ()+          Just ec -> insertClass (f ec)+  allClasses = do+    eg <- gets id+    case _classStore eg of+      Nothing -> pure (IntMap.elems (_eClass eg))+      Just h  -> liftIO (cpsAll h)+  allKeys = do+    eg <- gets id+    case _classStore eg of+      Nothing -> pure (IntMap.keys (_eClass eg))+      Just h  -> liftIO (cpsKeys h)+  -- Bypass the resident cache entirely: read the page straight from the store+  -- and never insert into the (bounded) resident map, so a bulk traversal over+  -- every class stays O(n) instead of O(n^2).+  readDirect cid = do+    eg <- gets id+    case _classStore eg of+      Nothing -> pureLookupClass cid+      Just h  -> liftIO (cpsLookup h cid)+  writeDirect ec = do+    eg <- gets id+    case _classStore eg of+      Nothing -> pureInsertClass ec+      Just h  -> liftIO (cpsInsert h ec)+  streamRoots op budget exclude = do+    eg <- gets id+    case _classStore eg of+      Nothing -> streamRootsFromDB op budget exclude+      Just h  -> liftIO (cpsStreamRoots h op budget exclude)+  recordNode en eid = do+    eg <- gets id+    case _classStore eg of+      Nothing -> pure ()+      Just h  -> liftIO (cpsRecordNode h en eid)+  lookupNode en = do+    eg <- gets id+    case _classStore eg of+      Nothing -> gets (HashMap.lookup en . _eNodeToEClass)+      Just h  -> do+        m <- gets (HashMap.lookup en . _eNodeToEClass)+        case m of+          Just eid -> pure (Just eid)+          Nothing -> do+            r <- liftIO (cpsNodeToClass h en)+            case r of+              Just eid -> do insertNode en eid+                             pure (Just eid)+              Nothing  -> pure Nothing+  insertNode en eid = do+    eg <- gets id+    case _classStore eg of+      Nothing -> modify' $ over eNodeToEClass (HashMap.insert en eid)+      Just _  -> do modify' $ over eNodeToEClass (HashMap.insert en eid)+                    trimNodeCache+  insertCanonical eid canon = do+    eg <- gets id+    case _classStore eg of+      Nothing -> modify' $ over canonicalMap (IntMap.insert eid canon)+      Just h  -> do modify' $ over canonicalMap (IntMap.insert eid canon)+                    trimCanonicalCache+                    liftIO (cpsRecordCanonical h eid canon)+  canonicalOf eid = do+    eg <- gets id+    case _classStore eg of+      Nothing -> gets (IntMap.lookup eid . _canonicalMap)+      Just h  -> do+        m <- gets (IntMap.lookup eid . _canonicalMap)+        case m of+          Just c  -> pure (Just c)+          Nothing -> do+            r <- liftIO (cpsCanonicalOf h eid)+            case r of+              Just c  -> do modify' $ over canonicalMap (IntMap.insert eid c)+                            trimCanonicalCache+                            pure (Just c)+              Nothing -> pure Nothing++-- * E-Graph basic supporting functions++-- | returns an empty e-graph+emptyGraph :: EGraph+emptyGraph = EGraph IntMap.empty HashMap.empty IntMap.empty emptyDB Nothing+{-# INLINE emptyGraph #-}++-- | returns an empty e-graph DB+emptyDB :: EGraphDB+emptyDB = EDB+  Set.empty+  Set.empty+  IntSet.empty+  Map.empty+  RangeSet.empty+  RangeSet.empty+  IntMap.empty+  IntMap.empty+  IntMap.empty+  IntSet.empty+  0+  False+  True+  Map.empty+{-# INLINE emptyDB #-}++-- | like 'emptyDB' but skips range-DB maintenance (pure simplify mode)+emptyDBNoTrack :: EGraphDB+emptyDBNoTrack = emptyDB{ _trackDBs = False }+{-# INLINE emptyDBNoTrack #-}++-- | an empty e-graph that skips range-DB maintenance (pure simplify mode)+emptyGraphNoTrack :: EGraph+emptyGraphNoTrack = EGraph IntMap.empty HashMap.empty IntMap.empty emptyDBNoTrack Nothing+{-# INLINE emptyGraphNoTrack #-}++-- | Creates a new e-class from an e-class id, a new e-node,+-- and the info of this e-class +createEClass :: EClassId -> ENode -> EClassData -> Int -> EClass+createEClass cId enode' info h = EClass cId (Set.singleton enode') Set.empty h info+{-# INLINE createEClass #-}++-- | gets the canonical id of an e-class with full path compression+canonical :: ClassStore m => EClassId -> EGraphST m EClassId+canonical eclassId = do+  mStep <- canonicalOf eclassId+  case mStep of+    Nothing -> canonError eclassId+    Just oneStep+      | oneStep == eclassId -> pure eclassId+      | otherwise -> do+          (root, chain) <- walk [eclassId] oneStep+          -- compress the chain in the resident cache (cache-only: the store+          -- keeps the authoritative semantic mappings recorded at insert+          -- time, so eviction just loses the shortcut, never correctness).+          modify' $ \eg -> eg{ _canonicalMap =+                        foldl' (\m' k -> IntMap.insert k root m') (_canonicalMap eg) chain }+          pure root+  where+    walk :: ClassStore m => [EClassId] -> EClassId -> EGraphST m (EClassId, [EClassId])+    walk chain ecId = do+      mNext <- canonicalOf ecId+      case mNext of+        Nothing -> canonError ecId+        Just n+          | n == ecId -> pure (ecId, chain)+          | otherwise -> walk (ecId : chain) n++    canonError :: ClassStore m => EClassId -> EGraphST m a+    canonError eid = do+      m <- gets _canonicalMap+      error $ "CANON_MISSING eid=" <> show eid <> " mapSize=" <> show (IntMap.size m)+{-# INLINE canonical #-}++-- | canonize the e-node children+canonize :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => ENode -> EGraphST m ENode+canonize (EVar ix)     = pure (EVar ix)+canonize (EParam ix)   = pure (EParam ix)+canonize (EConst x)    = pure (EConst x)+canonize (EUni f t)    = EUni f <$> canonical t+canonize (EBin op l r) = EBin op <$> canonical l <*> canonical r+-- re-map children to their canonical ids; IntMap keeps keys sorted, so+-- commutativity is structural, no rewrite rule required.+canonize (ENAry op m) = do+  m' <- IntMap.fromListWith (+) <$> forM (IntMap.toList m) (\(c, n) -> do+            c' <- canonical c+            pure (c', n))+  pure (ENAry op m')+{-# INLINE canonize #-}++-- | The children e-class ids of an e-node.+eChildren :: ENode -> [EClassId]+eChildren (EVar _)     = []+eChildren (EParam _)   = []+eChildren (EConst _)   = []+eChildren (EUni _ t)   = [t]+eChildren (EBin _ l r) = [l, r]+eChildren (ENAry _ m)  = expandedList m+{-# INLINE eChildren #-}++toOp :: NOp -> Op+toOp EAdd = Add+toOp EMul = Mul+{-# INLINE toOp #-}++-- | Operator shape key used to index the pattern database. ENAry maps back to+-- the corresponding binary operator shape so existing (binary) Add/Mul+-- patterns address the same trie.+eOpKey :: ENode -> SRTree ()+eOpKey (EVar ix)     = Var ix+eOpKey (EParam ix)   = Param ix+eOpKey (EConst x)    = Const x+eOpKey (EUni f _)    = Uni f ()+eOpKey (EBin op _ _) = Bin op () ()+eOpKey (ENAry EAdd _) = Bin Add () ()+eOpKey (ENAry EMul _) = Bin Mul () ()+{-# INLINE eOpKey #-}++-- | Convert an e-node (children still as e-class ids) into the equivalent+-- binary SRTree shape. NOTE: only called on non-ENary nodes; flattened+-- ENAry nodes have no binary skeleton (see 'naryTree' / the explicit ENAry+-- cases in the analyses).+fromENode :: ENode -> SRTree EClassId+fromENode (EVar ix)     = Var ix+fromENode (EParam ix)   = Param ix+fromENode (EConst x)    = Const x+fromENode (EUni f t)    = Uni f t+fromENode (EBin op l r) = Bin op l r+fromENode (ENAry _ _)   = error "fromENode: ENAry has no binary skeleton"+{-# INLINE fromENode #-}++-- | Right-fold a list of e-class child expressions into a binary Fix SRTree+-- for a flattened ENAry multiset (extraction).+naryTree :: NOp -> [Fix SRTree] -> Fix SRTree+naryTree op ts = normalizeSubDiv (foldr1 (\a b -> Fix (Bin (toOp op) a b)) ts)+{-# INLINE naryTree #-}++-- | Re-render the internal negate/recip canonical forms back as Sub/Div so+-- extraction output keeps the familiar shape: `x + (-1)*y` -> `x - y`,+-- `x + (-3)` -> `x - 3` and `x * recip y` -> `x / y`. Sub and Div never+-- appear as e-nodes; they only reappear here during reconstruction.+normalizeSubDiv :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+normalizeSubDiv = cata alg+  where+    alg :: SRTree (Fix SRTree) -> Fix SRTree+    alg (Bin Add l r) = case pick l r of+        Just (pos, neg) -> Fix (Bin Sub pos neg)+        Nothing         -> Fix (Bin Add l r)+      where+        pick a b = case negated a of+                     Just t -> Just (b, t)+                     Nothing -> case negated b of+                                  Just t -> Just (a, t)+                                  Nothing -> Nothing+        negated (Fix (Bin Mul (Fix (Const c)) t)) | c == -1 = Just t+        negated (Fix (Bin Mul t (Fix (Const c)))) | c == -1 = Just t+        negated (Fix (Const c)) | c < 0 = Just (Fix (Const (-c)))+        negated _ = Nothing+    alg (Bin Mul l r) = case pick l r of+        Just (num, den) -> Fix (Bin Div num den)+        Nothing         -> Fix (Bin Mul l r)+      where+        pick a b = case a of+                     Fix (Uni Recip t) -> Just (b, t)+                     _ -> case b of+                            Fix (Uni Recip t) -> Just (a, t)+                            _ -> Nothing+    alg t = Fix t++-- | Convert a binary SRTree (children as e-class ids) into an e-node,+-- flattening Add/Mul into canonical ENAry multisets.+toENode :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => SRTree EClassId -> EGraphST m ENode+toENode (Var ix)     = pure (EVar ix)+toENode (Param ix)   = pure (EParam ix)+toENode (Const x)    = pure (EConst x)+toENode (Uni f t)    = EUni f <$> canonical t+toENode (Bin Add l r) = mkENary EAdd [l, r]+toENode (Bin Mul l r) = mkENary EMul [l, r]+toENode (Bin op l r)  = EBin op <$> canonical l <*> canonical r+toENode n             = error $ "toENode: unsupported node " <> show n+{-# INLINE toENode #-}++-- | Build a canonical ENAry from child ids: canonicalize children, absorb+-- nested same-op ENAry children (associativity), sort by key (commutativity).+mkENary :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => NOp -> [EClassId] -> EGraphST m ENode+mkENary op cids = mkENaryM op (imFromList cids)++-- | Build a canonical ENAry from a canonical multiset of child ids.+mkENaryM :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => NOp -> IntMap Int -> EGraphST m ENode+mkENaryM op m = do+  flat <- IntMap.unionsWith (+) <$> mapM (expandM op) (IntMap.toList m)+  pure (ENAry op flat)++-- | If the e-class of `cid` holds exactly one e-node and that node is an ENAry+-- of the same op, return its children scaled by `n` (flattening `n`+-- occurrences); otherwise return `n` copies of `cid`. Flattening is only sound+-- through a class with a single node: if the class were merged with other+-- nodes (e.g. `{Add[a,b], Mul[x,c]}`) flattening would silently pick one+-- representative and change the meaning of the term.+expandM :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => NOp -> (EClassId, Int) -> EGraphST m (IntMap Int)+expandM op (cid, n) = do+  ec <- getEClass cid+  case Set.toList (_eNodes ec) of+    [ENAry op' m'] | op' == op -> pure (IntMap.map (* n) m')+    _                          -> pure (IntMap.singleton cid n)++-- | Reconstruct a binary Fix SRTree from an e-node, right-folding ENAry+-- into nested Bin Add/Mul.+enodeToTree :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => ENode -> EGraphST m (Fix SRTree)+enodeToTree (EVar ix)   = pure (Fix (Var ix))+enodeToTree (EParam ix) = pure (Fix (Param ix))+enodeToTree (EConst x)  = pure (Fix (Const x))+enodeToTree (EUni f t)  = Fix . Uni f <$> getBestExpr t+enodeToTree (EBin op l r) = do+  tl <- getBestExpr l+  tr <- getBestExpr r+  pure (Fix (Bin op tl tr))+enodeToTree (ENAry op m) = do+  ts <- mapM getBestExpr (expandedList m)+  pure (naryTree op ts)+{-# INLINE enodeToTree #-}++-- | gets an e-class with id `c` (auto-canonizes)+getEClass :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => EClassId -> EGraphST m EClass+getEClass c = do c' <- canonical c; getClass c'+{-# INLINE getEClass #-}++-- | gets the best expression given the default cost function. Cycle-safe and+-- budgeted: see 'getBestExprBounded'.+getBestExpr :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => EClassId -> EGraphST m (Fix SRTree)+getBestExpr eid = getBestExprBounded eid++-- | Like 'getBestExpr' but terminates on pathological graphs: a visited set+-- stops the expansion from re-entering an already-expanded class (a @_best@+-- cycle arising from supersaturation/merges), and a node budget caps the total+-- expanded size (so an exponentially-shared DAG is truncated rather than+-- exploded). Both guards substitute a @Var 0@ placeholder for the part that+-- would otherwise blow up. On well-formed acyclic graphs with small bests+-- neither guard triggers, so the result is identical to the unbounded version.+-- This keeps out-of-core extraction (e.g. 'dbTop') bounded in memory.+getBestExprBounded :: (ClassStore m, HasCallStack) => EClassId -> EGraphST m (Fix SRTree)+getBestExprBounded eid = fst <$> expand Set.empty 0 eid+  where+    budget :: Int+    budget = 200+    -- expand returns the tree and the running count of expanded nodes, so the+    -- budget bounds the TOTAL size (not just the depth): an exponentially-shared+    -- DAG is truncated instead of exploded. A revisited (cyclic) class or a+    -- full budget yields a @Var 0@ placeholder.+    expand :: ClassStore m => HashSet EClassId -> Int -> EClassId -> EGraphST m (Fix SRTree, Int)+    expand _ n _ | n >= budget = pure (Fix (Var 0), n)+    expand seen n eid+      | Set.member eid seen = pure (Fix (Var 0), n)+      | otherwise = do+          best <- (_best . _info) <$> getEClass eid+          let seen' = Set.insert eid seen+              n0    = n + 1+          case best of+            EVar ix   -> pure (Fix (Var ix), n0)+            EParam ix -> pure (Fix (Param ix), n0)+            EConst x  -> pure (Fix (Const x), n0)+            EUni f t  -> do (tt, n1) <- expand seen' n0 t+                            pure (Fix (Uni f tt), n1)+            EBin op l r -> do+              (tl, n1) <- expand seen' n0 l+              (tr, n2) <- expand seen' n1 r+              pure (Fix (Bin op tl tr), n2)+            ENAry op m -> do+              (xs, nEnd) <- goNary seen' n0 (IntMap.toAscList m) []+              pure (if null xs then (Fix (Var 0), nEnd) else (naryTree op xs, nEnd))+    -- build the ENAry children from the multiset WITHOUT materialising the+    -- expanded multiplicity list: an enormous count (a pathological supersaturated+    -- class) is capped per-child and by the total budget, so each copy counts+    -- toward the budget and no giant list is ever allocated.+    goNary seen n es acc+      | n >= budget = pure (reverse acc, n)+      | otherwise = case es of+          [] -> pure (reverse acc, n)+          ((c, cnt) : rest) -> do+            (t, n1) <- expand seen n c+            let take = min cnt (budget - n1 + 1)+                n2   = n1 + (take - 1)+                acc' = Prelude.replicate take t ++ acc+            goNary seen n2 rest acc'++-- | Creates a singleton trie from an e-class id+trie :: EClassId -> IntMap IntTrie -> IntTrie+trie eid = IntTrie+{-# INLINE trie #-}++-- | Check whether an e-class is a constant value+isConst :: ClassStore m => EClassId -> EGraphST m Bool+isConst eid = do ec <- getEClass eid+                 case (_consts . _info) ec of+                   ConstVal _ -> pure True+                   _          -> pure False+{-# INLINE isConst #-}++getFitness :: ClassStore m => EClassId -> EGraphST m (Maybe Double)+getFitness c = (_fitness . _info) <$> getEClass c+{-# INLINE getFitness #-}+getTheta :: ClassStore m => EClassId -> EGraphST m ([Target])+getTheta c = (_theta . _info) <$> getEClass c+{-# INLINE getTheta #-}+getSize :: ClassStore m => EClassId -> EGraphST m Int+getSize c = (_size . _info) <$> getEClass c+{-# INLINE getSize #-}+isSizeOf :: (Int -> Bool) -> EClass -> Bool+isSizeOf p = p . _size . _info+{-# INLINE isSizeOf #-}+getBestFitness :: ClassStore m => EGraphST m (Maybe Double)+getBestFitness = do+    mbec <- gets (fmap snd . getGreatest . _fitRangeDB . _eDB)+    case mbec of+      Just bec -> (_fitness . _info) <$> getEClass bec+      Nothing  -> pure Nothing+getDL :: ClassStore m => EClassId -> EGraphST m (Maybe Double)+getDL c = (_dl . _info) <$> getEClass c+{-# INLINE getDL #-}
+ src/Algorithm/EqSat/Info.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Algorithm.EqSat.Info+-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :+--+-- Functions related to info/data calculation in Equality Graph data structure+-- Heavily based on hegg (https://github.com/alt-romes/hegg by alt-romes)+--+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------++module Algorithm.EqSat.Info where++import Control.Lens ( over )+import Control.Monad+import Control.Monad.State+import Data.AEq (AEq ((~==)))+import Data.IntMap (IntMap)+import qualified Data.IntMap as IntMap+import Data.Map (Map)+import qualified Data.Map as Map+import Data.SRTree+import Data.SRTree.Eval (evalFun, evalOp, Target)+import Data.HashSet (HashSet)+import qualified Data.HashSet as Set+import qualified Data.Set as RangeSet+import qualified Data.IntSet as IntSet+import Algorithm.EqSat.Egraph+import Algorithm.EqSat.Queries++import qualified Data.Set as TrueSet++-- * Data related functions ++-- | join data from two e-classes+-- TODO: instead of folding, just do not apply rules+-- list of values instead of single value+joinData :: EClassData -> EClassData -> EClassData+joinData (EData c1 b1 cn1 fit1 dl1 p1 sz1) (EData c2 b2 cn2 fit2 dl2 p2 sz2) =+  --EData (min c1 c2) b (combineConsts cn1 cn2) (minMaybe fit1 fit2) (bestParam p1 p2 fit1 fit2) (min sz1 sz2)+  EData (min c1 c2) (choose b1 b2) (choose cn1 cn2) (maxMaybe fit1 fit2) (choose dl1 dl2) (choose p1 p2) (choose sz1 sz2)+  where+    isFst = c1 <= c2+    choose x y = if isFst then x else y+    chooseF x y = if maxIsFst then x else y++    maxIsFst = case (fit1, fit2) of+                 (Nothing, Nothing) -> True+                 (Nothing,  Just f) -> False+                 (Just f , Nothing) -> True+                 (Just f1, Just f2) -> f1 >= f2++    maxMaybe Nothing x = x+    maxMaybe x Nothing = x+    maxMaybe x y       = max x y++    bestParam Nothing x _ _ = x+    bestParam x Nothing _ _ = x+    bestParam x y (Just f1) (Just f2) = if f1 >= f2 then x else y++    b = if c1 <= c2 then b1 else b2+    combineConsts (ConstVal x) (ConstVal y)+      | abs (x-y) < 1e-7   = ConstVal $ (x+y)/2+      | isNaN x || isInfinite x = ConstVal y +      | isNaN y || isInfinite y = ConstVal x+      | isNaN x && isNaN y = ConstVal x+      | x ~== y = ConstVal $ (x+y)/2+      | abs (x / y) < 1 + 1e-6 || abs (y / x) < 1 + 1e-6 = ConstVal $ min x y+      | isInfinite x && isInfinite y = ConstVal x+      | isInfinite x && isNaN y = ConstVal y+      | isNaN x && isInfinite y = ConstVal x+      | otherwise          = error $ "Combining different values: " <> show x <> " " <> show y <> " " <> show (x/y)+    combineConsts (ParamIx ix) (ParamIx iy) = ParamIx (min ix iy)+    combineConsts NotConst x = x+    combineConsts x NotConst = x+    combineConsts (ParamIx ix) (ConstVal x) = ConstVal x+    combineConsts (ConstVal x) (ParamIx ix) = ConstVal x -- p - p = 0+    combineConsts x y = error (show x <> " " <> show y)++-- | Fetch consts, cost, and size for all children in a single state traversal+getChildrenData :: ClassStore m => [EClassId] -> EGraphST m [(Consts, Cost, Int)]+getChildrenData ids = do+  ids' <- mapM canonical ids+  mapM (\cid -> do+            ec <- getEClass cid+            let d = _info ec+            pure (_consts d, _cost d, _size d)) ids'+{-# INLINE getChildrenData #-}++-- | Calculate e-node data (constant values and cost)+makeAnalysis :: ClassStore m => CostFun -> ENode -> EGraphST m EClassData+makeAnalysis costFun enode =+  do let cs = eChildren enode+     childData <- getChildrenData cs+     let (consts', costs', sizes) = unzip3 childData+         consts = combineNode enode consts'+         cost   = costNode enode costs'+         sz     = sum sizes+     enode' <- canonize enode+     pure $ EData cost enode' consts Nothing Nothing [] (sz + 1)+  where+    -- ENAry folds children pairwise (constant folding over a multiset); the+    -- binary skeleton cannot represent n children.+    combineNode (ENAry op _) cs = foldr1 (\a b -> combineConsts (Bin (toOp op) a b)) cs+    combineNode _             cs = combineConsts (replaceChildren cs (fromENode enode))+    -- ENAry is a single flattened op node: op cost + sum of child costs.+    costNode (ENAry op _) cs = costFun (Bin (toOp op) 0 0) + sum cs+    costNode _             cs = costFun (replaceChildren cs (fromENode enode))++getChildrenMinHeight :: ClassStore m => ENode -> EGraphST m Int+getChildrenMinHeight enode = do+  let children = eChildren enode+  if null children then pure 0 else do+    children' <- mapM canonical children+    hs <- mapM (fmap _height . getEClass) children'+    pure (minimum hs)++-- | update the heights of each e-class+-- won't work if there's no root+calculateHeights :: ClassStore m => EGraphST m ()+calculateHeights =+  do queue   <- findRootClasses+     classes <- allKeys+     let nClasses = length classes+     forM_ classes (setHeight nClasses) -- set all heights to max possible height (number of e-classes)+     forM_ queue (setHeight 0)          -- set root e-classes height to zero+     go queue (TrueSet.fromList queue) 1    -- next height is 1+  where+    setHeight :: ClassStore m => Int -> EClassId -> EGraphST m ()+    setHeight x eId' =+      do eId <- canonical eId'+         ec <- getEClass eId+         let ec' = over height (const x) ec+         insertClass ec'++    setMinHeight :: ClassStore m => Int -> EClassId -> EGraphST m ()+    setMinHeight x eId' = -- set height to the minimum between current and x+      do eId <- canonical eId'+         h <- _height <$> getEClass eId+         setHeight (min h x) eId++    getChildrenEC :: ClassStore m => EClassId -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+    getChildrenEC ec' = do ec <- getEClass ec'+                           pure $ concatMap eChildren (_eNodes ec)++    go [] _    _ = pure ()+    go qs tabu h =+      do childrenOf <- (TrueSet.\\ tabu) . TrueSet.fromList . concat <$> forM qs getChildrenEC -- rerieve all unvisited children+         let childrenL = TrueSet.toList childrenOf+         forM_ childrenL (setMinHeight h) -- set the height of the children as the minimum between current and h+         go childrenL (TrueSet.union tabu childrenOf) (h+1) -- move one breadth search style++-- | calculates the cost of a node+calculateCost :: ClassStore m => CostFun -> ENode -> EGraphST m Cost+calculateCost f enode =+  do let cs = eChildren enode+     costs <- traverse (fmap (_cost . _info) . getEClass) cs+     pure $ case enode of+              ENAry op _ -> f (Bin (toOp op) 0 0) + sum costs+              _          -> f (replaceChildren costs (fromENode enode))++-- | check whether an e-node evaluates to a const+calculateConsts :: ClassStore m => ENode -> EGraphST m Consts+calculateConsts enode =+  do let cs = eChildren enode+     consts <- traverse (fmap (_consts . _info) . getEClass) cs+     let c = case enode of+               ENAry op _ -> foldr1 (\a b -> combineConsts (Bin (toOp op) a b)) consts+               _          -> combineConsts (replaceChildren consts (fromENode enode))+     case c of+          ConstVal x | isNaN x -> pure (ConstVal x)+          a -> pure a++combineConsts :: SRTree Consts -> Consts+combineConsts (Const x)    = ConstVal x+combineConsts (Param ix)   = ParamIx ix+combineConsts (Var _)      = NotConst+combineConsts (Uni f t)    = case t of+                              ConstVal x -> ConstVal $ evalFun f x+                              --ParamIx  x -> ParamIx x+                              _          -> t+combineConsts (Bin op l r) = evalOp' l r+  where+    evalOp' (ParamIx ix) (ParamIx iy) = ParamIx (min ix iy)+    evalOp' (ConstVal x) (ConstVal y) = ConstVal $ evalOp op x y+    evalOp' _            _            = NotConst++insertFitness :: ClassStore m => EClassId -> Double -> [Target] -> EGraphST m ()+insertFitness eId' fit params =+  do eId <- canonical eId'+     tree <- getBestExpr eId+     let p = fromIntegral (length params)+     let f_compl = countNodes tree * log (countUniqueTokens tree) + p * (log (2 * pi * exp(1 - log 3)) - log p) / 2.0+     ec <- getEClass eId+     let oldFit  = _fitness . _info $ ec+     let newInfo = (_info ec){_fitness = Just fit, _theta = params}+         newEc   = ec{_info = newInfo}+         sz = _size newInfo+     insertClass newEc+     case oldFit of+       Nothing -> modify' $ over (eDB . unevaluated) (IntSet.delete eId)+                    . over (eDB . fitRangeDB) (insertRange eId fit)+                    . over (eDB . sizeFitDB) (IntMap.adjust (insertRange eId fit) sz . IntMap.insertWith RangeSet.union sz RangeSet.empty)+                    . over (eDB . dlRangeDB) (insertRange eId f_compl)+       Just oldVal -> modify' $ over (eDB . fitRangeDB) (insertRange eId fit . removeRange eId oldVal)+                                 . over (eDB . sizeFitDB) (IntMap.adjust (insertRange eId fit . removeRange eId oldVal) sz)++insertDL :: ClassStore m => EClassId -> Double -> EGraphST m ()+insertDL eId fit' =+  do let fit = negate fit'+     ec <- getEClass eId+     let sz = _size . _info $ ec+         newInfo = (_info ec){_dl = Just fit'}+         newEc   = ec{_info=newInfo}+     insertClass newEc+     modify' $ over (eDB . dlRangeDB) (insertRange eId fit)+             . over (eDB . sizeDLDB) (IntMap.adjust (insertRange eId fit) sz . IntMap.insertWith RangeSet.union sz RangeSet.empty)++
+ src/Algorithm/EqSat/Queries.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@+{-# LANGUAGE ViewPatterns #-}+{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}+{-# LANGUAGE TupleSections #-}+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Algorithm.EqSat.Queries+-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :+--+-- Query functions for e-graphs+-- Heavily based on hegg (https://github.com/alt-romes/hegg by alt-romes)+--+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------++module Algorithm.EqSat.Queries where++import Algorithm.EqSat.Egraph+import qualified Data.IntMap as IntMap+import qualified Data.Map as Map+import qualified Data.HashSet as Set+import qualified Data.Set as RangeSet+import Control.Monad.State ( gets, modify' )+import Control.Lens ( over )+import Data.Maybe+import Data.SRTree (childrenOf)++getEClassesThat :: ClassStore m => (EClass -> Bool) -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+getEClassesThat p = do+    classes <- allClasses+    pure [ _eClassId ec | ec <- classes, p ec ]++updateFitness :: ClassStore m => Double -> EClassId -> EGraphST m ()+updateFitness f ecId = do+   ec   <- getEClass ecId+   let info = _info ec+   insertClass ec{_info=info{_fitness = Just f}}++-- | returns all the root e-classes (e-class without parents)+findRootClasses :: ClassStore m => EGraphST m [EClassId]+findRootClasses = do+    classes <- allClasses+    pure [ _eClassId ec | ec <- classes, isParent (_eClassId ec, ec) ]+  where+    isParent (k, v) = Prelude.null (_parents v) ||  (k `Set.member` (Set.map fst (_parents v)))++-- | returns the e-class id with the best fitness that+-- is true to a predicate+getTopECLassThat :: ClassStore m => Bool -> Int -> (EClass -> Bool) -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+getTopECLassThat b n p = do+  let f = if b then _fitRangeDB else _dlRangeDB+  gets (f . _eDB)+    >>= go n []+  where+    go :: ClassStore m => Int -> [EClassId] -> RangeTree Double -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+    go 0 bests rt = pure bests+    go m bests rt = case RangeSet.maxView rt of+                       Nothing -> pure bests+                       Just (y, t) ->+                         let x = snd y+                         in do ecId <- canonical x+                               ec <- getEClass ecId+                               if (maybe True (isInfinite) . _fitness . _info $ ec)+                                 then go m bests t+                                 else if p ec+                                   then go (m-1) (ecId:bests) t+                                   else go m bests t++getTopEClassInRange :: ClassStore m => Bool -> Int -> (EClass -> Double) -> [(Double, Double)] -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+getTopEClassInRange b n p range = do+  let f = if b then _fitRangeDB else _dlRangeDB+  gets (f . _eDB)+    >>= go n [] range+  where+    inRange v (x, y)+      | v >= x && v <= y = 0+      | v < x = -1+      | v > y = 1+      | otherwise = 1 ++    go :: ClassStore m => Int -> [EClassId] -> [(Double, Double)] -> RangeTree Double -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+    go _ bests []      _ = pure bests +    go 0 bests (r:rs) rt = go n bests rs rt+    go m bests (r:rs) rt = case RangeSet.maxView rt of+                             Nothing -> pure bests+                             Just (y, t) ->+                               let x = snd y+                               in do ecId <- canonical x+                                     ec <- getEClass ecId+                                     if (maybe True (isInfinite) . _fitness . _info $ ec)+                                       then go m bests (r:rs) t+                                       else do let v = p ec+                                               case (v `inRange` r) of+                                                 0  -> go (m-1) (ecId:bests) (r:rs) t+                                                 -1 -> go n bests rs (RangeSet.insert y t)+                                                 1  -> go m bests (r:rs) t++getTopECLassIn :: ClassStore m => Bool -> Int -> (EClass -> Bool) -> [EClassId] -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+getTopECLassIn b n p ecs' = do+  let f = if b then _fitRangeDB else _dlRangeDB+  gets (f . _eDB)+    >>= go n []+  where+    ecs = Set.fromList ecs'+    go :: ClassStore m => Int -> [EClassId] -> RangeTree Double -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+    go 0 bests rt = pure bests+    go m bests rt = case RangeSet.maxView rt of+                       Nothing -> pure bests+                       Just (y, t) ->+                         let x = snd y+                         in do ecId <- canonical x+                               ec <- getEClass ecId+                               if (maybe True (isInfinite) . _fitness . _info $ ec)+                                 then go m bests t+                                 else if ecId `Set.member` ecs && p ec+                                   then go (m-1) (ecId:bests) t+                                   else go m bests t++getTopECLassNotIn :: ClassStore m => Bool -> Int -> (EClass -> Bool) -> [EClassId] -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+getTopECLassNotIn b n p ecs' = do+  let f = if b then _fitRangeDB else _dlRangeDB+  gets (f . _eDB)+    >>= go n []+  where+    ecs = Set.fromList ecs'++    go :: ClassStore m => Int -> [EClassId] -> RangeTree Double -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+    go 0 bests rt = pure bests+    go m bests rt = case RangeSet.maxView rt of+                       Nothing -> pure bests+                       Just (y, t) ->+                         let x = snd y+                         in do ecId <- canonical x+                               ec <- getEClass ecId+                               if (maybe True (isInfinite) . _fitness . _info $ ec)+                                 then go m bests t+                                 else if not (ecId `Set.member` ecs) && p ec+                                   then go (m-1) (ecId:bests) t+                                   else go m bests t++getAllEvaluatedEClasses :: ClassStore m => EGraphST m [EClassId]+getAllEvaluatedEClasses = do+  gets (_fitRangeDB . _eDB)+    >>= go []+  where+    go :: ClassStore m => [EClassId] -> RangeTree Double -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+    go bests rt = case RangeSet.maxView rt of+                    Nothing -> pure bests+                    Just (y, t) ->+                      let x = snd y+                      in do ecId <- canonical x+                            ec <- getEClass ecId+                            if (maybe True (isInfinite) . _fitness . _info $ ec)+                              then go bests t+                              else go (ecId:bests) t++getTopEClassWithSize :: Monad m => Bool -> Int -> Int -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+getTopEClassWithSize b sz n = do+   let fun = if b then _sizeFitDB else _sizeDLDB+   gets (go n [] . (IntMap.!? sz) . fun . _eDB)+  where+    go _ bests Nothing   = []+    go 0 bests (Just rt) = bests+    go m bests (Just rt) = case RangeSet.maxView rt of+                             Nothing         -> bests+                             Just ((f, x), t) -> if isInfinite f || isNaN f then go m bests (Just t) else go (m-1) (x:bests) (Just t)++getTopFitEClassThat :: ClassStore m => Int -> (EClass -> Bool) -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+getTopFitEClassThat  = getTopECLassThat True+getTopDLEClassThat :: ClassStore m => Int -> (EClass -> Bool) -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+getTopDLEClassThat   = getTopECLassThat False+getTopFitEClassIn :: ClassStore m =>  Int -> (EClass -> Bool) -> [EClassId] -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+getTopFitEClassIn    = getTopECLassIn True+getTopDLEClassIn :: ClassStore m => Int -> (EClass -> Bool) -> [EClassId] -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+getTopDLEClassIn     = getTopECLassIn False+getTopFitEClassNotIn :: ClassStore m => Int -> (EClass -> Bool) -> [EClassId] -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+getTopFitEClassNotIn = getTopECLassNotIn True+getTopDLEClassNotIn :: ClassStore m => Int -> (EClass -> Bool) -> [EClassId] -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+getTopDLEClassNotIn  = getTopECLassNotIn False+getTopFitEClassWithSize :: Monad m => Int -> Int -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+getTopFitEClassWithSize = getTopEClassWithSize True+getTopDLEClassWithSize :: Monad m => Int -> Int -> EGraphST m [EClassId]+getTopDLEClassWithSize  = getTopEClassWithSize False++rebuildAllRanges :: ClassStore m => EGraphST m ()+rebuildAllRanges = do szF <- gets (_sizeFitDB._eDB) >>= traverse rebuildRange+                      dlF <- gets (_sizeDLDB._eDB) >>= traverse rebuildRange+                      fR  <- gets (_fitRangeDB._eDB) >>= rebuildRange+                      dR  <- gets (_dlRangeDB._eDB) >>= rebuildRange++                      modify' $ over (eDB.fitRangeDB) (const fR)+                              . over (eDB.dlRangeDB) (const dR)+                              . over (eDB.sizeFitDB) (const szF)+                              . over (eDB.sizeDLDB) (const dlF)++canonizeRange :: ClassStore m => RangeTree Double -> EGraphST m (RangeTree Double)+canonizeRange = fmap RangeSet.fromList . mapM (\(x, eid) -> (x,) <$> canonical eid) . RangeSet.toList++rebuildRange :: ClassStore m => RangeTree Double -> EGraphST m (RangeTree Double)+rebuildRange rt = do+  canonRt <- canonizeRange rt+  pure $ snd $ go canonRt+  where+    go rt' = case RangeSet.maxView rt' of+               Nothing -> (Set.empty, RangeSet.empty)+               Just ((x, eid), rest) ->+                 let (seen, result) = go rest+                 in if Set.member eid seen+                      then (seen, result)+                      else (Set.insert eid seen, RangeSet.insert (x, eid) result)+
+ src/Algorithm/EqSat/SearchSR.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Algorithm.EqSat.Search+-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :+--+-- Support functions for search symbolic expressions with e-graphs+--+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------++module Algorithm.EqSat.SearchSR where++import Data.SRTree+import Data.SRTree.Datasets+import Data.SRTree.Eval (compileLoss)+import System.Random+import Control.Monad.State.Strict+import Control.Concurrent (getNumCapabilities)+import Control.Concurrent.Async (mapConcurrently)+import Data.Maybe (catMaybes)+import Control.Exception (evaluate)+import qualified Control.DeepSeq as DeepSeq+import Algorithm.EqSat.Egraph+import Algorithm.SRTree.Likelihoods+import Algorithm.SRTree.AD (ADBackEnd(..))+import Algorithm.SRTree.AD.Unboxed (setMTPopParallel)+import qualified Data.IntMap as IM+import qualified Data.IntSet as IntSet+import qualified Data.SRTree.Random as Random+import Data.Function ( on )+import Algorithm.SRTree.NonlinearOpt+import Control.Monad ( when, replicateM, forM, forM_ )+import Numeric.Optimization.NLOPT+import Algorithm.EqSat.Info+import Algorithm.EqSat.Build+import Data.SRTree.Random+import Algorithm.EqSat.Queries+import Data.List ( maximumBy )+import qualified Data.List as Data.List+import qualified Data.HashMap.Strict as HashMap+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as V++-- Environment of an e-graph with support to random generator and IO+type RndEGraph a = EGraphST (StateT StdGen IO) a++io :: IO a -> RndEGraph a+io = lift . lift+{-# INLINE io #-}+rnd :: StateT StdGen IO a -> RndEGraph a+rnd = lift+{-# INLINE rnd #-}++-- | Run an 'RndEGraph' action against a read-only egraph snapshot with the given+-- generator (for concurrent workers that do not mutate the shared egraph).+runRndEGraph :: EGraph -> StdGen -> RndEGraph a -> IO a+runRndEGraph eg g m = do+  ((a, _), _) <- runStateT (runStateT m eg) g+  pure a+{-# INLINE runRndEGraph #-}++-- | Fit a batch of e-classes in parallel, then insert the results serially.+-- Semantics mirror 'updateIfNothing' (skip already-fitted) unless 'force' is+-- True. The shared 'StdGen' is split once; each worker gets its own generator,+-- so the global draw sequence differs from the serial search (acceptable).+-- While the batch runs, the MultiThread backend is switched to single-chunk so+-- cores go to the batch rather than oversubscribing the inner per-tree split.+fitBatch :: Bool+         -> (Fix SRTree -> RndEGraph (Double, [Target]))+         -> [EClassId]+         -> RndEGraph ()+fitBatch force fitFun ecs0 = do+  ecs <- Prelude.mapM canonical ecs0+  jobs <- fmap catMaybes $ forM ecs $ \ec -> do+            mf <- getFitness ec+            if force || mf == Nothing+               then do tree <- getBestExpr ec+                       pure (Just (ec, tree))+               else pure Nothing+  case jobs of+    [] -> pure ()+    _  -> do+      nCaps <- io getNumCapabilities+      g0 <- rnd get+      let (seed, g1) = random g0 :: (Int, StdGen)+          gs    = [ mkStdGen (seed + fromIntegral i) | i <- [0 .. length jobs - 1] ]+          jobsG = [ (ec, tree, g) | ((ec, tree), g) <- zip jobs gs ]+          chunk k xs = [ [ xs !! j | j <- [i, i + k .. length xs - 1] ] | i <- [0 .. k - 1] ]+      rnd (put g1)+      eg <- get+      io (setMTPopParallel True)+      results <- io $ fmap concat (mapConcurrently (mapM (runJob eg fitFun)) (chunk nCaps jobsG))+      io (setMTPopParallel False)+      forM_ results $ \(ec0, f, p) -> insertFitness ec0 f p+  where+    runJob :: EGraph -> (Fix SRTree -> RndEGraph (Double, [Target])) -> (EClassId, Fix SRTree, StdGen) -> IO (EClassId, Double, [Target])+    runJob eg fit' (ec, tree, g) = do+      (f, p) <- runRndEGraph eg g (fit' tree)+      f' <- evaluate (DeepSeq.force f)+      p' <- evaluate (DeepSeq.force p)+      pure (ec, f', p')++myCost :: SRTree Int -> Int+myCost (Var _)     = 1+myCost (Const _)   = 1+myCost (Param _)   = 1+myCost (Bin _ l r) = 2 + l + r+myCost (Uni _ t)   = 3 + t++while :: Monad f => (t -> Bool) -> t -> (t -> f t) -> f t+while p arg prog = do if (p arg)+                      then do arg' <- prog arg+                              while p arg' prog+                      else pure arg++fitnessFun :: ADBackEnd -> Bool -> Int -> Loss -> DataSet -> DataSet -> Fix SRTree -> Target -> (Double, Target)+fitnessFun backend skipVal nIter loss (x, y, mYErr) (x_val, y_val, mYErr_val) tree thetaOrig =+  if isNaN val+    then (-(1/0), theta)+    else (val, theta)+  where+    nParams       = countParamsUniq tree + if loss == NLL ROXY then 3 else if loss == NLL Gaussian then 1 else 0+    (theta, lossVal, _) = minimizeNLL' VAR1 backend loss mYErr nIter x y tree thetaOrig+    evalF a b c   = negate $ compileLoss a (buildLoss loss (fromIntegral (V.length b)) tree) b c $ if nParams == 0 then thetaOrig else theta+    -- at folds=1 the validation split is the training data itself, so the+    -- train loss returned by minimizeNLL' already is the val loss; skipping+    -- the separate compileLoss below avoids re-evaluating every expression.+    val           = if skipVal then negate lossVal else evalF x_val y_val mYErr_val++--{-# INLINE fitnessFun #-}++fitnessFunRep :: ADBackEnd -> Bool -> Int -> Int -> Loss -> DataSet -> DataSet -> Fix SRTree -> RndEGraph (Double, Target)+fitnessFunRep backend skipVal nRep nIter loss dataTrain dataVal tree = do+    let nParams = countParamsUniq tree + if loss == NLL ROXY then 3 else if loss == NLL Gaussian then 1 else 0+    thetaOrigs <- replicateM nRep (rnd $ randomVec nParams)+    pure $ maximumBy (\(x, _) (y, _) -> compare x y) $ Prelude.map (fitnessFun backend skipVal nIter loss dataTrain dataVal tree) thetaOrigs+--{-# INLINE fitnessFunRep #-}+++fitnessMV :: ADBackEnd -> Bool -> Bool -> Int -> Int -> Loss -> [(DataSet, DataSet)] -> Fix SRTree -> RndEGraph (Double, [Target])+fitnessMV backend skipVal shouldReparam nRep nIter loss dataTrainsVals _tree = do+  let tree = if shouldReparam then relabelParams _tree else relabelParamsOrder _tree+  response <- forM dataTrainsVals $ \(dt, dv) -> fitnessFunRep backend skipVal nRep nIter loss dt dv tree+  pure (minimum (Prelude.map fst response), Prelude.map snd response)++++++-- RndEGraph utils+-- fitFun fitnessFunRep rep iter distribution x y mYErr x_val y_val mYErr_val+insertExpr :: Fix SRTree -> (Fix SRTree -> RndEGraph (Double, [Target])) -> RndEGraph EClassId+insertExpr t fitFun = do+    ecId <- fromTree myCost t >>= canonical+    (f, p) <- fitFun t+    insertFitness ecId f p+    pure ecId+  where powabs l r  = Fix (Bin PowerAbs l r)++updateIfNothing fitFun ec = do+      mf <- getFitness ec+      case mf of+        Nothing -> do+          t <- getBestExpr ec+          (f, p) <- fitFun t+          insertFitness ec f p+          pure True+        Just _ -> pure False++pickRndSubTree :: RndEGraph (Maybe EClassId)+pickRndSubTree = do ecIds <- gets (IntSet.toList . _unevaluated . _eDB)+                    if not (null ecIds)+                      then do rndId' <- rnd $ randomFrom ecIds+                              rndId  <- canonical rndId'+                              constType <- (_consts . _info) <$> getEClass rndId+                              case constType of+                                NotConst -> pure $ Just rndId+                                _        -> pure Nothing+                      else pure Nothing++getParetoEcsUpTo n maxSize = concat <$> forM [1..maxSize] (\i -> getTopFitEClassWithSize i n)+getParetoDLEcsUpTo n maxSize = concat <$> forM [1..maxSize] (\i -> getTopDLEClassWithSize i n)++getBestExprWithSize n =+        do ec <- getTopFitEClassWithSize n 1 >>= traverse canonical+           case ec of+             (x:_) -> do bestFit <- getFitness x+                         bestP   <- (_theta . _info) <$> getEClass x+                         pure [(x, bestFit)]+             []    -> pure []++insertRndExpr maxSize rndTerm rndNonTerm =+      do grow <- rnd toss+         n <- rnd (randomFrom [if maxSize > 4 then 4 else 1 .. max 1 maxSize])+         t <- rnd $ Random.randomTree 3 8 n rndTerm rndNonTerm grow+         fromTree myCost t >>= canonical++refit fitFun ec = do+  t <- getBestExpr ec+  (f, p) <- fitFun t+  mf <- getFitness ec+  case mf of+    Nothing -> insertFitness ec f p+    Just f' -> when (f > f') $ insertFitness ec f p++--printBest :: (Int -> EClassId -> RndEGraph ()) -> RndEGraph ()+printBest fitFun printExprFun = do+      mbec <- gets (fmap snd . getGreatest . _fitRangeDB . _eDB)+      case mbec of+        Just bec -> do bestFit <- (_fitness . _info) <$> getEClass bec+                       printExprFun 0 bec+        Nothing  -> pure ()++--paretoFront :: Int -> (Int -> EClassId -> RndEGraph ()) -> RndEGraph ()+paretoFront fitFun maxSize printExprFun = go 1 0 (-(1.0/0.0))+    where+    go :: Int -> Int -> Double -> RndEGraph [[String]]+    go n ix f+        | n > maxSize = pure []+        | otherwise   = do+            ecList <- getBestExprWithSize n+            case ecList of+              ((ec, Just f'):_) -> do+                let improved = f' >= f && (not . isNaN) f' && (not . isInfinite) f'+                ec' <- canonical ec+                if improved+                  then do refit fitFun ec'+                          t <- printExprFun ix ec'+                          ts <- go (n+1) (ix + if improved then 1 else 0) (max f f')+                          pure (t:ts)+                  else go (n+1) (ix + if improved then 1 else 0) (max f f')+              _ -> go (n+1) ix f++evaluateUnevaluated fitFun = do+          ec <- gets (IntSet.toList . _unevaluated . _eDB)+          forM_ ec $ \c -> do+              t <- getBestExpr c+              (f, p) <- fitFun t+              insertFitness c f p++evaluateRndUnevaluated fitFun = do+          ec <- gets (IntSet.toList . _unevaluated . _eDB)+          c <- rnd . randomFrom $ ec+          t <- getBestExpr c+          (f, p) <- fitFun t+          insertFitness c f p+          pure c++-- | check whether an e-node exists or does not exist in the e-graph+doesExist, doesNotExist :: ENode -> RndEGraph Bool+doesExist en = gets ((HashMap.member en) . _eNodeToEClass)+doesNotExist en = gets ((not . HashMap.member en) . _eNodeToEClass)++-- | check whether the partial tree defined by a list of ancestors will create+-- a non-existent expression when combined with a certain e-node.+doesNotExistGens :: [Maybe (EClassId -> ENode)] -> ENode -> RndEGraph Bool+doesNotExistGens []              en = gets ((not . HashMap.member en) . _eNodeToEClass)+doesNotExistGens (mGrand:grands) en = do  b <- gets ((not . HashMap.member en) . _eNodeToEClass)+                                          if b+                                            then pure True+                                            else case mGrand of+                                                Nothing -> pure False+                                                Just gf -> do ec  <- gets ((HashMap.! en) . _eNodeToEClass)+                                                              en' <- canonize (gf ec)+                                                              doesNotExistGens grands en'++-- | check whether combining a partial tree `parent` with the e-node `en'`+-- will create a new expression+checkToken parent en' = do  en <- canonize en'+                            mEc <- gets (HashMap.lookup en . _eNodeToEClass)+                            case mEc of+                                Nothing -> pure True+                                Just ec -> do ec' <- canonical ec+                                              ec'' <- canonize (parent ec')+                                              not <$> doesExist ec''
+ src/Algorithm/EqSat/Simplify.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@+{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}+{-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase #-}+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Algorithm.EqSat.Simplify+-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :+--+-- Module containing the algebraic rules and simplification function.+--+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+module Algorithm.EqSat.Simplify ( Rule(..), simplifyEqSatDefault, applyMergeOnlyDftl, rewrites, rewritesParams, rewriteBasic, rewritesFun, rewritesSimple, rewritesWithConstant, myCost ) where++import Algorithm.EqSat (eqSat, applySingleMergeOnlyEqSat)+import Algorithm.EqSat.Egraph+import Algorithm.EqSat.DB+  ( ClassOrVar,+    Condition (Condition),+    NChild (Ch, MapP, Rest),+    Pattern (Fixed, Hole, NAry, VarPat),+    Rule (..),+    Subst,+    SubVal (SVMap, SVOne),+    getInt,+  )+import Control.Monad.State.Strict (evalState)+import Data.IntMap.Strict (IntMap)+import qualified Data.IntMap.Strict as IM+import Data.Map (Map)+import qualified Data.Map as Map+import Data.SRTree++-- | A constraint over a match's substitution: when applied to a substitution it+-- runs in the e-graph monad and fetches e-class data through 'ClassStore', so it+-- works on a paged (out-of-core) graph whose resident cache is bounded/empty.+type ConstrFun = Pattern -> Condition++constrainOnVal :: (Consts -> Bool) -> Pattern -> Condition+constrainOnVal f (VarPat c) = Condition $ \subst -> do+    let cid = getInt $ case Map.lookup (Right (fromEnum c)) subst of+                        Nothing -> error $ "CONSTRAINVAL_MISSING var=" <> show (fromEnum c) <> " substSize=" <> show (Map.size subst)+                        Just (SVOne v) -> v+                        Just (SVMap _) -> error $ "CONSTRAINVAL_REST_AS_SINGLE var=" <> show (fromEnum c)+    ec <- getEClass cid+    pure (f (_consts . _info $ ec))+constrainOnVal _ _ = Condition $ \_ -> pure False++-- TODO: aux functions to avoid repeated pattern in constraint creation +--+-- check if a matched pattern contains constant +isConstPt :: ConstrFun+isConstPt = constrainOnVal $ +    \case+       ConstVal _ -> True +       _          -> False++-- check if the matched pattern is a positive constant +isConstPos :: ConstrFun+isConstPos = constrainOnVal $+    \case+      ConstVal x -> x > 0 +      _          -> False++isNotParam :: ConstrFun+isNotParam = constrainOnVal $+   \case+      ParamIx _ -> False+      _         -> True++-- check if the matched pattern is nonzero+isNotZero :: ConstrFun+isNotZero = constrainOnVal $+    \case+       ConstVal x -> abs x > 1e-9+       _          -> True++-- check if the matched pattern is even +isEven :: ConstrFun+isEven = constrainOnVal $+    \case+       ConstVal x -> ceiling x == floor x && even (round x) +       _          -> True++-- check if the matched pattern is integer+isInteger :: ConstrFun+isInteger = constrainOnVal $+    \case+       ConstVal x -> ceiling x == floor x+       _          -> True++-- check if the matched pattern is positive+isPositive :: ConstrFun+isPositive = constrainOnVal $+    \case+       ConstVal x -> x > 0+       _          -> True++-- check if the matched pattern is valid+isValid :: ConstrFun+isValid = constrainOnVal $+    \case+       ConstVal x -> not (isNaN x || isInfinite x)+       _          -> True++-- | e-class ids bound to a rest variable+restEidsOf :: Char -> Subst -> [EClassId]+restEidsOf c subst = case Map.lookup (Right (fromEnum c)) subst of+                       Just (SVMap m) -> expandedList m+                       _              -> []++-- | every e-class bound to a rest variable holds a valid value+allValidRest :: Char -> Condition+allValidRest c = Condition $ \subst -> do+    let eids = restEidsOf c subst+        validEid eid = getEClass eid >>= \ec ->+            pure $ case _consts . _info $ ec of+                     ConstVal x -> not (isNaN x || isInfinite x)+                     _          -> True+    and <$> mapM validEid eids++-- basic algebraic rules+rewriteBasic :: [Rule]+rewriteBasic =+    [+      -- B7/B8/C5: factor a common term out of a sum of products, and the+      -- reverse (distribute), which make x*(y+z) and x*y+x*z equivalent.+      NAry EAdd [ Ch (NAry EMul [Ch "x", Rest '1'])+                , Ch (NAry EMul [Ch "x", Rest '2'])+                , Rest '3' ]+        :=>+      NAry EAdd [ Ch (NAry EMul [ Ch "x"+                                , Ch (NAry EAdd [Rest '1', Rest '2'])+                                ])+                , Rest '3' ]+    , NAry EAdd [ Ch (NAry EMul [ Ch "x"+                                , Ch (NAry EAdd [Rest '1'])+                                ])+                , Rest '2' ]+        :=>+      NAry EAdd [ MapP (NAry EMul [Ch "x", Ch Hole]) '1'+                , Rest '2' ]+    -- C5: x*y - z*x = x*(y - z)+    , NAry EAdd [ Ch (NAry EMul [Ch "x", Rest '1'])+                , Ch (NAry EMul [Ch (Fixed (Const (-1))), Ch "x", Ch "z"])+                , Rest '3' ]+        :=>+      NAry EAdd [ Ch (NAry EMul [ Ch "x"+                                , Ch (NAry EAdd [Rest '1', Ch (negate (VarPat 'z'))])+                                ])+                , Rest '3' ]+    -- B1: group duplicate factors into a power (x*x = x^2)+    , NAry EMul [Ch "x", Ch "x"] :=> "x" ** 2+    -- C9: binomial expansion of a closed 2-ary square+    , ("x" + "y") ** 2 :=> "x" ** 2 + 2 * "x" * "y" + "y" ** 2+    -- C10: x^2 + x*y + ... = x*(x + y) + ...+    , NAry EAdd [ Ch (Fixed (Bin Power (VarPat 'x') (Fixed (Const 2))))+                , Ch (NAry EMul [Ch "x", Rest '1'])+                , Rest '2' ]+        :=>+      NAry EAdd [ Ch (NAry EMul [ Ch "x"+                                , Ch (NAry EAdd [Ch "x", Rest '1'])+                                ])+                , Rest '2' ]+    ]++-- rules for nonlinear functions +rewritesFun :: [Rule]+rewritesFun =+    [+      log (exp "x")  :=> "x"+    -- C11: log(x*y*z*...) = log x + log y + ...+    , log (NAry EMul [Rest '1']) :=> NAry EAdd [MapP (Fixed (Uni Log Hole)) '1']+    , log ("x" ** "y") :=> "y" * log "x"+    , log (powabs "x" "y") :=> "y" * log (abs "x")+    -- C12: abs(x*y*z*...) = abs x * abs y * ...+    , abs (NAry EMul [Rest '1']) :=> NAry EMul [MapP (Fixed (Uni Abs Hole)) '1']+    , abs ("x" ** "y") :=> abs "x" ** "y"+    , recip (recip "x") :=> "x" :| isNotZero "x"+    -- C13: (x*y*z*...)^w = x^w * y^w * ...   [was disabled: combinatorial blowup on (x*x)^t; the multiset matcher + matchCap bound that]+    , (NAry EMul [Rest '1']) ** "z" :=> NAry EMul [MapP (Hole ** VarPat 'z') '1']+    , abs "x" ** "y" :=> "x" ** "y" :| isEven "y"+    -- C14: sqrt(x*x) = abs x+    , sqrt (NAry EMul [Ch "x", Ch "x"]) :=> abs "x"+    ]++-- Rules that reduces redundant parameters+constReduction :: [Rule]+constReduction =+    [+      -- B3: 0 + rest = rest+      NAry EAdd [Ch (Fixed (Const 0)), Rest '1'] :=> NAry EAdd [Rest '1']+    , "x" ** 1 :=> "x"+    , powabs "x" 1 :=> abs "x"++    -- B9: x^y * x^z = x^(y+z)+    , NAry EMul [Ch (Fixed (Bin Power (VarPat 'x') (VarPat 'y'))), Ch (Fixed (Bin Power (VarPat 'x') (VarPat 'z')))]+        :==:+      Fixed (Bin Power (VarPat 'x') (NAry EAdd [Ch (VarPat 'y'), Ch (VarPat 'z')]))+        :| isPositive "x"+    -- B10: |x|^y * |x|^z = |x|^(y+z)  (fixed: target used "y+x" instead of "y+z")+    , NAry EMul [Ch (Fixed (Bin PowerAbs (VarPat 'x') (VarPat 'y'))), Ch (Fixed (Bin PowerAbs (VarPat 'x') (VarPat 'z')))]+        :=>+      Fixed (Bin PowerAbs (VarPat 'x') (NAry EAdd [Ch (VarPat 'y'), Ch (VarPat 'z')]))+    -- B11: (x^y)^z = x^(y*z)+    , Fixed (Bin Power (Fixed (Bin Power (VarPat 'x') (VarPat 'y'))) (VarPat 'z'))+        :==:+      Fixed (Bin Power (VarPat 'x') (NAry EMul [Ch (VarPat 'y'), Ch (VarPat 'z')]))+        :| isPositive "x"+    , powabs (powabs "x" "y") "z" :=> powabs "x" ("y" * "z")+    ]++rewritesWithConstant :: [Rule]+rewritesWithConstant =+    [+      "x" - "x" :=> 0+    , "x" / "x" :=> 1 :| isNotZero "x"+    , "x" ** "y" * "x" :=> "x" ** ("y" + 1) :| isPositive "x"+    , 1 ** "x" :=> 1+    , powabs 1 "x" :=> 1+    , log (sqrt "x") :=> 0.5 * log "x" :| isNotParam "x"+    , "x" ** (1/2)   :==: sqrt "x"+    , powabs "x" (1/2) :=> sqrt (abs "x")+    , "x" ** (1/3) :==: Fixed (Uni Cbrt "x")+    -- B4: 0 * rest = 0 (provided every factor is valid)+    , NAry EMul [Ch (Fixed (Const 0)), Rest '1'] :=> 0 :| allValidRest '1'+    , 0 ** "x" :=> 0 :| isPositive "x"+    , powabs 0 "x" :=> 0+    -- n-ary cancellation: x + y - x = y+    , NAry EAdd [ Ch "a"+                , Ch (NAry EMul [ Ch (Fixed (Const (-1.0))), Ch "a" ])+                , Rest 'r' ]+        :=> NAry EAdd [Rest 'r']+    -- combining like terms: x + x = 2*x+    , NAry EAdd [ Ch "a", Ch "a", Rest 'r' ]+        :=> NAry EAdd [ Ch (2 * "a"), Rest 'r' ]+    ]+rewritesWithParam :: [Rule]+rewritesWithParam =+    [+      "x" - "x" :=> Fixed (Param 0)+    , "x" / "x" :=> Fixed (Param 0) :| isNotZero "x"+    , 1 ** "x" :=> Fixed (Param 0)+    , powabs 1 "x" :=> Fixed (Param 0)+    ]++rewritesSimple :: [Rule]+rewritesSimple = rewriteBasic <> constReduction <> rewritesFun+powabs l r = Fixed (Bin PowerAbs l r)++-- | default cost function for simplification+-- TODO:+-- num_params:+--   length:+--      terminal < nonterminal:+--        symbol comparison (constants, parameters, variables x0, x10, x2)+--          op priorities (+, -, *, inv_div, pow, abs, exp, log, log10, sqrt)+--            univariates+myCost :: SRTree Int -> Int+myCost (Var _)      = 1+myCost (Const _)    = 3+myCost (Param _)    = 3+myCost (Bin op l r) = 2 + l + r+myCost (Uni _ t)    = 3 + t++-- all rewrite rules+rewrites :: [Rule]+rewrites = rewriteBasic <> constReduction <> rewritesFun <> rewritesWithConstant+rewritesParams :: [Rule]+rewritesParams = rewriteBasic <> constReduction <> rewritesFun <> rewritesWithParam++-- | simplify using the default parameters+simplifyEqSatDefault :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+simplifyEqSatDefault t = eqSat t rewrites myCost 30 `evalState` emptyGraphNoTrack++-- | simplifies with custom parameters+simplifyEqSat :: [Rule] -> CostFun -> Int -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+simplifyEqSat rwrts costFun it t = eqSat t rwrts costFun it `evalState` emptyGraph++-- | apply a single step of merge-only using default rules+applyMergeOnlyDftl :: ClassStore m => CostFun -> EGraphST m ()+applyMergeOnlyDftl costFun = applySingleMergeOnlyEqSat costFun rewrites
+ src/Algorithm/EqSat/Store.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@+{-# LANGUAGE TupleSections #-}+{-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric #-}+{-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-}++module Algorithm.EqSat.Store+  ( GraphRows(..)+  , EClassRow(..)+  , exportEGraph+  , importEGraph+  , mergeEGraph+  , rebuildDBs+  ) where++import Control.Lens ( over )+import Control.Monad ( forM, forM_, foldM )+import Control.Monad.Identity ( Identity, runIdentity )+import Control.Monad.State.Strict ( StateT, execStateT, modify', gets )+import GHC.Generics ( Generic )+import GHC.Stack ( HasCallStack )++import qualified Data.HashMap.Strict as HashMap+import Data.HashMap.Strict ( HashMap )+import qualified Data.HashSet as Set+import qualified Data.IntMap.Strict as IntMap+import Data.IntMap.Strict ( IntMap )+import qualified Data.IntSet as IntSet+import qualified Data.Set as RangeSet+import Data.List ( sortOn )++import Data.SRTree+import Algorithm.EqSat.Egraph+import Algorithm.EqSat.Build++-- | Row representation of the core (structural) state of an e-graph,+-- normalized for external storage (e.g. a relational DB).+data GraphRows = GraphRows+  { _grCanonical     :: IntMap EClassId                    -- ^ eid -> canonical representative (self-loop for roots)+  , _grENodeToEClass :: HashMap ENode EClassId             -- ^ canonical e-node -> its e-class+  , _grEClasses      :: IntMap EClassRow                   -- ^ canonical e-class id -> data row+  , _grNextId        :: Int                                -- ^ next free e-class id+  , _grTrackDBs      :: Bool                               -- ^ whether range DBs are maintained+  } deriving (Show, Eq, Generic)++-- | Per-e-class data row.+data EClassRow = EClassRow+  { _rcNodes   :: Set.HashSet ENode+  , _rcParents :: Set.HashSet (EClassId, ENode)+  , _rcHeight  :: Int+  , _rcInfo    :: EClassData+  } deriving (Show, Eq, Generic)++-- | Export the core structural state of an e-graph into a normalised row format.+exportEGraph :: EGraph -> GraphRows+exportEGraph eg = GraphRows+  { _grCanonical     = _canonicalMap eg+  , _grENodeToEClass = _eNodeToEClass eg+  , _grEClasses      = IntMap.map toRow (_eClass eg)+  , _grNextId        = _nextId (_eDB eg)+  , _grTrackDBs      = _trackDBs (_eDB eg)+  }+  where+    toRow ec = EClassRow (_eNodes ec) (_parents ec) (_height ec) (_info ec)++-- | Reconstruct an e-graph from normalised rows, rebuilding all derived indexes.+--+-- Real e-graphs may carry stale @_eNodeToEClass@ entries left behind by+-- merges (a node pointing at a class whose canonical representative is+-- another class). Such entries are canonicalized at import: node -> class+-- values are routed through the canonical map and any non-root class rows+-- are dropped. Parent pointers are recomputed from the canonicalized node+-- map so they never reference dead classes.+importEGraph :: GraphRows -> Either String EGraph+importEGraph rows+  | not (validate rows) = Left (validationMsg rows)+  | otherwise           = Right (runIdentity $ execStateT rebuildDBs (buildCore (canonicalize rows)))++-- | Normalize stale rows: route node->class values through the canonical map+-- and drop non-root class rows.+--+-- Parent pointers come from the stored @_rcParents@ when a class has any+-- (e.g. after a storage-layer round-trip through the @parent@ table); parent+-- class ids are routed through the canonical map so they never reference dead+-- classes. Classes without stored parents (legacy rows, hand-built rows) fall+-- back to recomputing parents from the canonicalized node map.+canonicalize :: GraphRows -> GraphRows+canonicalize rows =+  let canon    = _grCanonical rows+      rep eid  = IntMap.findWithDefault eid eid canon+      nodeMap' = HashMap.map rep (_grENodeToEClass rows)+      classes' = IntMap.filterWithKey+                   (\eid _ -> IntMap.lookup eid canon == Just eid)+                   (_grEClasses rows)+      parents' = IntMap.fromListWith Set.union+        [ (c, Set.singleton (eid, en))+        | (en, eid) <- HashMap.toList nodeMap'+        , c <- eChildren en ]+      stored'  = IntMap.mapWithKey+                   (\_ r -> Set.map (\(pEid, pEn) -> (rep pEid, pEn)) (_rcParents r))+                   classes'+      fixRow eid r =+        let stored = IntMap.findWithDefault Set.empty eid stored'+        in r { _rcParents = if Set.null stored+                              then IntMap.findWithDefault Set.empty eid parents'+                              else stored }+  in rows { _grENodeToEClass = nodeMap'+          , _grEClasses      = IntMap.mapWithKey fixRow classes' }++buildCore :: GraphRows -> EGraph+buildCore rows = EGraph+  { _canonicalMap     = _grCanonical rows+  , _eNodeToEClass    = _grENodeToEClass rows+  , _eClass           = IntMap.mapWithKey mkEClass (_grEClasses rows)+  , _eDB              = (emptyDB){ _nextId = _grNextId rows, _trackDBs = _grTrackDBs rows }+  , _classStore       = Nothing+  }+  where+    mkEClass eid r = EClass eid (_rcNodes r) (_rcParents r) (_rcHeight r) (_rcInfo r)++rebuildDBs :: EGraphST Identity ()+rebuildDBs = do+  -- Rebuild the pattern database from the canonical e-node -> class mapping+  nodes <- gets _eNodeToEClass+  forM_ (HashMap.toList nodes) $ \(en, eid) -> addToDB en eid++  -- Rebuild range/size indexes from class info+  classes <- gets _eClass+  forM_ (IntMap.toList classes) $ \(eid, ec) -> do+    let info = _info ec+        sz   = _size info+        fit  = _fitness info+        dl   = _dl info+    modify' $ over (eDB . sizeDB) (IntMap.insertWith IntSet.union sz (IntSet.singleton eid))+    case fit of+      Nothing -> modify' $ over (eDB . unevaluated) (IntSet.insert eid)+      Just fn -> modify' $ over (eDB . fitRangeDB) (insertRange eid fn)+                        . over (eDB . sizeFitDB) (IntMap.insertWith RangeSet.union sz (RangeSet.singleton (fn, eid)))+    case dl of+      Nothing -> pure ()+      Just dn -> modify' $ over (eDB . dlRangeDB) (insertRange eid dn)+                        . over (eDB . sizeDLDB) (IntMap.insertWith RangeSet.union sz (RangeSet.singleton (dn, eid)))++-- | Validate that the exported rows form a consistent graph.+--+-- All referenced ids must be present in the canonical map. Node -> class+-- values and class rows may reference classes that are not their own+-- canonical representative (stale entries left behind by merges); those are+-- repaired by 'canonicalize' during import.+validate :: GraphRows -> Bool+validate rows =+  let canon      = _grCanonical rows+      classes    = _grEClasses rows+      nodeIds    = HashMap.keys (_grENodeToEClass rows)+      extraIds   = IntMap.keys classes+                   ++ HashMap.elems (_grENodeToEClass rows)+                   ++ concatMap eChildren nodeIds+      inCanon    = all (`IntMap.member` canon) extraIds+      nextOk     = _grNextId rows >= 0+  in inCanon && nextOk++validationMsg :: GraphRows -> String+validationMsg rows+  | not inCanon = "some e-node/e-class id is not present in the canonical map"+  | not nextOk  = "next id is negative"+  | otherwise   = "invalid GraphRows"+  where+    canon      = _grCanonical rows+    classes    = _grEClasses rows+    nodeIds    = HashMap.keys (_grENodeToEClass rows)+    extraIds   = IntMap.keys classes+                 ++ HashMap.elems (_grENodeToEClass rows)+                 ++ concatMap eChildren nodeIds+    inCanon    = all (`IntMap.member` canon) extraIds+    nextOk     = _grNextId rows >= 0++-- | Return canonical e-class ids ordered children-before-parents (ascending height).+classOrder :: GraphRows -> Either String [EClassId]+classOrder rows =+  Right $ map fst $ sortOn (_rcHeight . snd) $ IntMap.toAscList (_grEClasses rows)++-- | Remap a B-e-graph's e-node into A's id-space using the correspondence map.+remapNode+  :: GraphRows               -- ^ rows of graph B (source)+  -> IntMap EClassId         -- ^ corr: B canonical id -> A id+  -> ENode+  -> Either String ENode+remapNode rowsB corr = go+  where+    canonB :: EClassId -> EClassId+    canonB cid = IntMap.findWithDefault cid cid (_grCanonical rowsB)++    toA :: EClassId -> Either String EClassId+    toA cid =+      case IntMap.lookup (canonB cid) corr of+        Just eidA -> Right eidA+        Nothing   -> Left ("child " <> show cid <> " of graph B not yet merged")++    go (EVar ix)     = Right (EVar ix)+    go (EParam ix)   = Right (EParam ix)+    go (EConst x)    = Right (EConst x)+    go (EUni f t)    = EUni f <$> toA t+    go (EBin op l r) = EBin op <$> toA l <*> toA r+    go (ENAry op m)  = do+      m' <- foldM step IntMap.empty (IntMap.toList m)+      Right (ENAry op m')+      where+        step acc (cid, n) = do+          cidA <- toA cid+          pure (IntMap.insertWith (+) cidA n acc)++-- | Merge class ids by unioning their e-classes under the given cost function.+mergeClass :: HasCallStack => CostFun -> EClassId -> EClassId -> EGraphST Identity EClassId+mergeClass costFun x y =+  if x == y then pure x else merge costFun x y++-- | Structurally merge graph @b@ into a copy of graph @a@.+--+-- The e-nodes of @b@ are canonicalized under @a@'s id space, deduplicated+-- against @a@'s existing content, and equivalent classes are unioned. Cost and+-- best of newly introduced content are computed with @costFun@ (i.e. merging+-- adopts @a@'s cost function). Dataset-specific values (fitness/DL/theta) are+-- NOT transferred: they are per-dataset data managed by the storage layer.+mergeEGraph :: HasCallStack => CostFun -> EGraph -> EGraph -> Either String EGraph+mergeEGraph costFun a b =+  let rowsB = exportEGraph b+  in case classOrder rowsB of+       Left err -> Left err+       Right order -> Right (runIdentity $ execStateT (step IntMap.empty order) a)+  where+    step :: IntMap EClassId -> [EClassId] -> EGraphST Identity ()+    step _ [] = rebuild costFun+    step corr (bCanon : rest) = do+      let ec = _grEClasses rowsB IntMap.! bCanon+      resolved <- forM (Set.toList (_rcNodes ec)) $ \en ->+        case remapNode rowsB corr en of+          Left err  -> pure (Left err)+          Right enA -> Right <$> add costFun enA+      case sequence resolved of+        Left err  -> error ("mergeEGraph: " <> err)  -- pre-validated+        Right []  -> step corr rest+        Right (x : xs) -> do+          rep <- foldM (mergeClass costFun) x xs+          step (IntMap.insert bCanon rep corr) rest+    rowsB = exportEGraph b
+ src/Algorithm/SRTree/AD.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Data.SRTree.AD +-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :  FlexibleInstances, DeriveFunctor, ScopedTypeVariables+--+-- Automatic Differentiation for Expression trees+--+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------++module Algorithm.SRTree.AD+         ( compileFunAndGrad+         , ADBackEnd(..)+         ) where++import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed  as VU+import qualified Data.Vector.Storable as V+import Data.SRTree+import Algorithm.SRTree.AD.Unboxed++data ADBackEnd = SingleThread | MultiThread deriving (Read, Show)++compileFunAndGrad :: ADBackEnd -> [VU.Vector Double] -> VU.Vector Double -> Maybe (VU.Vector Double) -> Fix SRTree -> V.Vector Double -> (Double, V.Vector Double)+compileFunAndGrad SingleThread xss ys mYerr tree =+    let ct = compileTree xss ys mYerr tree+    in \theta -> evalGradVec ct theta+compileFunAndGrad MultiThread xss ys mYerr tree =+    let cts = compileTreeMulti xss ys mYerr tree+    in \theta -> evalGradMulti cts theta
+ src/Algorithm/SRTree/AD/CompiledAD.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Data.SRTree.AD.CompiledAD+-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :  FlexibleInstances, DeriveFunctor, ScopedTypeVariables+--+-- Automatic Differentiation for Expression trees+--+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------++module Algorithm.SRTree.AD.CompiledAD+         ( CompiledTree(..)+         ) where++import Data.SRTree.Internal+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed          as VU+import qualified Data.Vector as VB++-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------+-- Public entry point -- same signature/behaviour as before.+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------+data CompiledTree = CompiledTree+  { ctNodes  :: !(VB.Vector (SRTree Int))            -- id -> node, children already resolved to ids+  , ctRoot   :: !Int+  , ctDyn    :: !(VU.Vector Bool)                    -- id -> depends on theta?+  , ctStatic :: VU.Vector Double                     -- flat [staticSlot * m + row]; only static nodes+  , ctStaticBase :: !(VU.Vector Int)                 -- id -> staticSlot * m (0 for dynamic ids and Var leaves)+  , ctM      :: !Int+  , ctNPred  :: !Int                                 -- root + 1 (stride for flat static)+  , ctKind   :: !(VU.Vector Int)                     -- id -> node kind: 0 Var, 1 Param, 2 Const, 3 Uni, 4 Bin+  , ctArg    :: !(VU.Vector Int)                     -- id -> Param: param ix; Var: var ix (-1 = y, -2 = yErr); Uni: child id; Bin: left id+  , ctArg2   :: !(VU.Vector Int)                     -- id -> Bin: right id; else 0+  , ctFcode  :: !(VU.Vector Int)                     -- id -> Uni: fromEnum Function+  , ctOcode  :: !(VU.Vector Int)                     -- id -> Bin: fromEnum Op+  , ctVars   :: !(VB.Vector (VU.Vector Double))      -- leaf source columns xss ++ [y, yErr] (referenced, not copied)+  }
+ src/Algorithm/SRTree/AD/Unboxed.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,965 @@+{-# language FlexibleInstances, DeriveFunctor #-}+{-# language ScopedTypeVariables #-}+{-# language RankNTypes #-}+{-# language ViewPatterns #-}+{-# language FlexibleContexts #-}+{-# language BangPatterns #-}+{-# language TypeApplications #-}+{-# language MultiWayIf #-}+{-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase #-}++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Data.SRTree.AD +-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :  FlexibleInstances, DeriveFunctor, ScopedTypeVariables+--+-- Automatic Differentiation for Expression trees+--+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------++module Algorithm.SRTree.AD.Unboxed+         ( compileTree+         , compileTreeMulti+         , evalGradMulti+         , evalGrad+         , evalGradVec+         , evalLossVec+         , CompiledTree(..)+         , setMTPopParallel+         ) where++import Control.Monad (forM_, foldM, when, unless)+import Control.Monad.ST+import Data.STRef (newSTRef, readSTRef, modifySTRef')+import Data.Bifunctor (bimap, first, second)+import Data.SRTree.Derivative ( derivative )+import Data.SRTree.Eval+    ( Target, Theta, Columns, evalFun, evalOp, replicateAs )+import Data.SRTree.Internal+import Data.SRTree.Print (showExpr)+import Data.SRTree.Recursion ( cataM, cata, accu )+import qualified Data.Vector.Storable as V+import qualified Data.Vector.Storable.Mutable as VM+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed          as VU+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed.Mutable  as VUM+import qualified Data.Vector as VB+import qualified Data.Vector.Mutable as VMB+import Debug.Trace (trace, traceShow)+import qualified Data.IntMap.Strict as IntMap+import Data.List ( foldl', foldl1' )+import Data.Maybe (isJust, fromMaybe)++import Control.Monad.State.Strict+import Control.Monad.Identity+++import Data.List (transpose)+import System.IO.Unsafe (unsafePerformIO)+import Control.Concurrent (getNumCapabilities)+import Control.Concurrent.Async (forConcurrently)+import Control.Exception (evaluate)+import Data.IORef (IORef, newIORef, writeIORef, readIORef)++import qualified Data.Map.Strict as Map+import Algorithm.SRTree.AD.CompiledAD++compileTree :: [VU.Vector Double] -> VU.Vector Double -> Maybe (VU.Vector Double) -> Fix SRTree -> CompiledTree+compileTree xss ys mYErr tree =+    CompiledTree { ctNodes = nodes, ctRoot = root, ctDyn = dynArr, ctStatic = staticArr, ctStaticBase = staticBaseArr, ctM = m, ctNPred = root + 1+                 , ctKind = kindArr, ctArg = argArr, ctArg2 = arg2Arr, ctFcode = fcodeArr, ctOcode = ocodeArr, ctVars = vars }+  where+    -- yErr is only defined when mYErr is present (a tree referencing Var -2+    -- always pairs with mYErr = Just e, see the likelihood loss wrappers). The+    -- ctVars list must stay well-defined for every column even when mYErr is+    -- Nothing -- the Accelerate leaf array concatenates the whole list -- so a+    -- missing yErr is represented by a zero column rather than the bottom+    -- `fromJust mYErr` (which the old static-array copy path could keep lazy).+    yErr = case mYErr of+             Just e  -> e+             Nothing -> VU.replicate m 0+    m    = VU.length ys+    -- Leaf source columns, referenced (never copied per tree): a static Var+    -- leaf reads feature column ix (arg), y (arg = -1), or yErr (arg = -2)+    -- straight from these run-fixed vectors instead of a materialized copy in+    -- staticArr. ctVars ix = xss !! ix, ctVars nFeats = y, ctVars (nFeats+1)+    -- = yErr.+    vars   = VB.fromList (xss <> [ys, yErr])+    nFeats = VB.length vars - 2++    -- Rewrite x ** 2.0 into the unary Square kernel (x*x, fcode 17):+    -- the loss wrap ((tree - y) ** 2) / m is the single hottest subgraph in+    -- every NLopt call, and replacing the per-element pow with a multiply+    -- avoids the slow ** (x**2.0 == x*x exactly, and the derivative 2x+    -- matches), so no numerical semantics change.+    tree' = rewritePowSq tree++    -- state: (structural CSE map, id -> node, id -> isDynamic, counter)+    (_, int2key, dynMap, (subtract 1) -> root) =+        cataM leftToRight alg tree'+          `execState` (Map.empty, IntMap.empty, IntMap.empty, 0)++    nodes     = VB.fromList (IntMap.elems int2key)+    dynArr    = VU.fromList (IntMap.elems dynMap)+    stride    = root + 1+    -- static nodes in ascending (topological) id order, so a single bottom-up+    -- sweep fills every column before its parent. Dynamic nodes are omitted+    -- entirely, and so are Var leaves (their values are read directly from the+    -- run-fixed `vars` columns, see the eval kernels): their static slots were+    -- zeros that evalGrad*/forwardPassRange never read, so the flat array+    -- shrinks from stride * m to #static * m (a handful of feature/const+    -- columns per tree instead of all nodes).+    staticKeys = [k | k <- [0 .. root], not (VU.unsafeIndex dynArr k), not (isVarLeaf k)]+    nStatic    = length staticKeys+    isVarLeaf k = case VB.unsafeIndex nodes k of { Var _ -> True; _ -> False }+    -- id -> static slot base (slot * m); 0 for dynamic ids (never read)+    staticBaseArr = VU.create $ do+        arr <- VUM.replicate (root + 1) 0+        forM_ (zip staticKeys [0 ..]) $ \(k, slot) ->+            VUM.write arr k (slot * m)+        pure arr+    -- flat [slot * m + row]; computed in a single bottom-up sweep over the+    -- static ids (a child always gets a smaller id than its parent, since+    -- cataM assigns the id only after both children are built), writing each+    -- static node's column directly into the flat array. This fuses the old+    -- per-node VU.map/VU.zipWith intermediates into the array.+    staticArr = VU.create $ do+        arr <- VUM.replicate (nStatic * m) 0+        let slice slot = VUM.slice (slot * m) m arr+            slotOf k   = VU.unsafeIndex staticBaseArr k `div` m+            -- Resolve a static child @c@ to its source column ONCE per+            -- column (hoisted out of the row loop): Var leaves are not+            -- materialized in staticArr, so their column is the run-fixed+            -- `vars` vector; every other static node is a column already+            -- written into the (mutable) arr (children always have smaller+            -- ids). `Left` = pure vector (Var leaf), `Right` = mutable slice.+            staticSrc c+              | isVarLeaf c = Left (VB.unsafeIndex vars (leafSrcIdx nFeats (VU.unsafeIndex argArr c)))+              | otherwise   = Right (slice (slotOf c))+            -- Read row @i from a hoisted source (see staticSrc). Called per+            -- element, but the Left/Right tag is fixed per column, so GHC+            -- keeps the dispatch cheap and no slice/leaf lookup is repeated.+            readSrc s i = case s of+                Left v  -> pure (VU.unsafeIndex v i)+                Right m -> VUM.unsafeRead m i+            mapStatic f t k = go 0+              where+                dst = slice (slotOf k)+                src = staticSrc t+                go !i | i >= m    = pure ()+                      | otherwise = do+                          x <- readSrc src i+                          VUM.unsafeWrite dst i (evalFun f x)+                          go (i + 1)+            zipStatic op l r k = go 0+              where+                dst = slice (slotOf k)+                srcL = staticSrc l+                srcR = staticSrc r+                go !i | i >= m    = pure ()+                      | otherwise = do+                          xl <- readSrc srcL i+                          xr <- readSrc srcR i+                          VUM.unsafeWrite dst i (evalOp op xl xr)+                          go (i + 1)+        forM_ (zip staticKeys [0 ..]) $ \(k, slot) ->+            case VB.unsafeIndex nodes k of+                -- Var leaves are excluded from staticKeys (their columns live+                -- in `vars`), so they never reach this sweep.+                Const v    -> VUM.set (slice slot) v+                Uni f t    -> mapStatic f t k+                Bin op l r -> zipStatic op l r k+                Param _    -> pure ()+                Var _      -> pure ()+        pure arr++    -- compact unboxed per-id code arrays (length root+1) so the hot row loop+    -- never touches the boxed `nodes` vector nor dispatches through the+    -- function-returning evalOp/evalFun+    kindArr  = VU.generate (root + 1) $ \k -> case int2key IntMap.! k of+        Var _     -> 0+        Param _   -> 1+        Const _   -> 2+        Uni _ _   -> 3+        Bin _ _ _ -> 4+    argArr   = VU.generate (root + 1) $ \k -> case int2key IntMap.! k of+        Var ix    -> ix+        Param ix  -> ix+        Uni _ t   -> t+        Bin _ l _ -> l+        Const _   -> 0+    arg2Arr  = VU.generate (root + 1) $ \k -> case int2key IntMap.! k of+        Bin _ _ r -> r+        _         -> 0+    fcodeArr = VU.generate (root + 1) $ \k -> case int2key IntMap.! k of+        Uni f _   -> fromEnum f+        _         -> 0+    ocodeArr = VU.generate (root + 1) $ \k -> case int2key IntMap.! k of+        Bin op _ _ -> fromEnum op+        _          -> 0++    leftToRight (Uni f mt)    = Uni f <$> mt+    leftToRight (Bin f ml mr) = Bin f <$> ml <*> mr+    leftToRight (Var ix)      = pure (Var ix)+    leftToRight (Param ix)    = pure (Param ix)+    leftToRight (Const c)     = pure (Const c)++    alg = insertKey++    graph      (a, _, _, _) = a+    isDynSt  k (_, _, d, _) = d IntMap.! k++    insEntry key isD (a, b, d, c) =+        ( Map.insert key c a+        , IntMap.insert c key b+        , IntMap.insert c isD d+        , c + 1 )++    -- a node depends on theta iff it IS a Param, or any child does+    nodeIsDynamic (Param _)   = pure True+    nodeIsDynamic (Var _)     = pure False+    nodeIsDynamic (Const _)   = pure False+    nodeIsDynamic (Uni _ t)   = gets (isDynSt t)+    nodeIsDynamic (Bin _ l r) = (||) <$> gets (isDynSt l) <*> gets (isDynSt r)++    -- Data.Map is unreliable with NaN-valued keys (Ord Double is not a valid+    -- total order for NaN: insert(Const NaN) then member/lookup can disagree),+    -- and eqsat constant folding can yield Const NaN nodes. So do a single+    -- direct lookup; on a miss, return the fresh id that insEntry assigns+    -- instead of looking the key back up. Repeated NaN nodes simply get+    -- separate ids (no CSE), which is harmless since their static value is+    -- recomputed identically.+    insertKey key = do+        cached <- gets (Map.lookup key . graph)+        case cached of+          Just v  -> pure v+          Nothing -> do+            d  <- nodeIsDynamic key+            fresh <- state $ \st@(_, _, _, c) -> let st' = insEntry key d st in (c, st')+            pure fresh++-- Rewrite (a) Bin Power t (Const 2.0) into the unary Square kernel and+-- (b) Bin Div t (Const c) into Bin Mul t (Const (1/c)). Both are exact at+-- the Double level (x ** 2.0 == x * x; x / c == x * (1/c) up to one ulp)+-- and replace the slow per-element pow()/div with a multiply. The loss+-- wrap ((tree - y) ** 2) / m appears in every NLopt objective/gradient+-- call, so these two rewrites are worth a measurable fraction of the AD+-- time.+rewritePowSq :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+rewritePowSq = cata alg+  where+    alg :: SRTree (Fix SRTree) -> Fix SRTree+    alg (Bin Power t (Fix (Const 2.0))) = Fix (Uni Square t)+    alg (Bin Div t (Fix (Const c)))     | c /= 0 = Fix (Bin Mul t (Fix (Const (recip c))))+    alg n                                = Fix n++-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------+-- Static-child source resolution. A static Var leaf is NOT materialized+-- into ctStatic anymore: its value column lives in ctVars (= xss ++ [y,+-- yErr]) and is read directly at the absolute row (base 0, so the chunk+-- start s0 positions the read). Every other static node is a computed+-- column inside ctStatic at ctStaticBase k.+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------++-- | Map a Var leaf's arg (feature ix, or -1 = y, -2 = yErr) to an index+-- into ctVars = xss ++ [y, yErr].+leafSrcIdx :: Int -> Int -> Int+leafSrcIdx nFeats a | a >= 0   = a+                    | a == -1  = nFeats+                    | otherwise = nFeats + 1+{-# INLINE leafSrcIdx #-}++-- | Resolve the (source vector, base) of a static child node @k@, where the+-- row value is read at @src (base + i)@.+resolveStatic :: VU.Vector Double+              -> VB.Vector (VU.Vector Double)+              -> VU.Vector Int+              -> VU.Vector Int+              -> VU.Vector Int+              -> Int -> Int -> Int+              -> (VU.Vector Double, Int)+resolveStatic static vars kind arg staticBase nFeats s0 k =+    if VU.unsafeIndex kind k == 0+      then (VB.unsafeIndex vars (leafSrcIdx nFeats (VU.unsafeIndex arg k)), s0)+      else (static, VU.unsafeIndex staticBase k + s0)+{-# INLINE resolveStatic #-}++-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------+-- Per-theta evaluation: the hot path, called once per NLopt objective/+-- gradient call. Forward pass only recomputes dynamic nodes (ids are+-- already topologically ordered, so a single left-to-right fold works).+-- Backward pass is the same recursive shape as the original calcGrad,+-- except it stops immediately on any non-dynamic node -- that subtree+-- has no Param in it, so it can never contribute to the gradient.+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------++-- Row-fused evaluation: instead of storing one full length-m array per+-- node (which meant ~2 * #nodes large allocations per objective/gradient+-- call), we walk the m data rows one at a time and, for each row, run the+-- forward pass and the reverse-mode backward pass over small per-node+-- scratch arrays of Double (length root+1). This mirrors what the fused+-- Accelerate/LLVM kernel does (one pass per row, no big intermediate+-- arrays) while staying in plain ST: allocation drops from O(nodes * m)+-- to O(nodes + params), and the tight inner loops are all unboxed.+evalGrad :: CompiledTree -> V.Vector Double -> (Double, V.Vector Double)+evalGrad ct theta = runST $ do+    fwd   <- VUM.new (root + 1)   -- node id -> forward value, current row+    adj   <- VUM.new (root + 1)   -- node id -> adjoint (dL/dnode), current row+    gradM <- VUM.replicate p 0    -- accumulated per-parameter gradient+    objRef <- newSTRef 0++    let -- forward pass for a single row: fills `fwd` for ids 0..root+        forwardLoop !row !key+          | key > root = pure ()+          | otherwise  = do+              v <- if not (VU.unsafeIndex dyn key)+                     then if VU.unsafeIndex kind key == 0+                            then pure (VU.unsafeIndex (VB.unsafeIndex vars (leafSrcIdx nFeats (VU.unsafeIndex arg key))) row)+                            else pure (VU.unsafeIndex static (VU.unsafeIndex staticBase key + row))+                     else case VU.unsafeIndex kind key of+                            1 -> pure (V.unsafeIndex theta (VU.unsafeIndex arg key))+                            3 -> do x <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd (VU.unsafeIndex arg key)+                                    pure (evalFunCode (VU.unsafeIndex fcode key) x)+                            4 -> do xl <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd (VU.unsafeIndex arg key)+                                    xr <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd (VU.unsafeIndex arg2 key)+                                    pure (evalOpCode (VU.unsafeIndex ocode key) xl xr)+                            _ -> error "evalGrad: unreachable"+              VUM.unsafeWrite fwd key v+              forwardLoop row (key + 1)++        -- backward pass for a single row: ids are visited from root down+        -- to 0, which is a valid reverse-topological order since every+        -- child id is smaller than its parent's id by construction.+        backwardLoop !key+          | key < 0 = pure ()+          | otherwise = do+              when (VU.unsafeIndex dyn key) $ do+                v <- VUM.unsafeRead adj key+                case VU.unsafeIndex kind key of+                  4 -> do+                    let l = VU.unsafeIndex arg key+                        r = VU.unsafeIndex arg2 key+                    xl <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd l+                    xr <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd r+                    fg <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd key+                    let (dl, dr) = diffScalarCode (VU.unsafeIndex ocode key) v xl xr fg+                    VUM.unsafeModify adj (+ dl) l+                    VUM.unsafeModify adj (+ dr) r+                  3 -> do+                    let t = VU.unsafeIndex arg key+                    x <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd t+                    VUM.unsafeModify adj (+ v * derivFunCode (VU.unsafeIndex fcode key) x) t+                  1 -> VUM.unsafeModify gradM (+ v) (VU.unsafeIndex arg key)+                  _ -> pure ()+              backwardLoop (key - 1)++        rowLoop !row+          | row >= m = pure ()+          | otherwise = do+              forwardLoop row 0+              rootVal <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd root+              modifySTRef' objRef (+ rootVal)+              when (VU.unsafeIndex dyn root) $ do+                VUM.set adj 0+                VUM.unsafeWrite adj root 1+                backwardLoop root+              rowLoop (row + 1)++    rowLoop 0++    obj        <- readSTRef objRef+    gradFrozen <- VU.unsafeFreeze gradM+    pure (obj, V.convert gradFrozen)+  where+    root   = ctRoot ct+    m      = ctM ct+    p      = V.length theta+    kind   = ctKind ct+    arg    = ctArg ct+    arg2   = ctArg2 ct+    fcode  = ctFcode ct+    ocode  = ctOcode ct+    dyn    = ctDyn ct+    static = ctStatic ct+    staticBase = ctStaticBase ct+    vars   = ctVars ct+    nFeats = VB.length vars - 2++-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------+-- Node-outer (vectorized-over-rows) evaluation: mirrors reverseModeGraph's+-- shape (one full length-m column per node, node-major loops) so the inner+-- loops are fused per node over all rows, with the static/dynamic pattern+-- decided once per node instead of once per row. Uses the same flat+-- [staticSlot * m + row] layout and compact op-code dispatch as `evalGrad`, but+-- trades the O(nodes + params) scratch of the row-fused version for the+-- O(nodes * m) fwd/adj columns of the massiv-style whole-column kernel.+evalGradVec :: CompiledTree -> V.Vector Double -> (Double, V.Vector Double)+evalGradVec ct theta = runST $ do+    -- Per-chunk buffers of O(stride * chunk) instead of one O(stride * m)+    -- allocation per call: the fwd/adj matrices are streamed one chunk of+    -- `chunk` rows at a time, so the per-call allocation drops ~m/chunk x+    -- (and the working set stays L3-resident). The chunk partition does not+    -- change any value: each row is independent, the objective row sums+    -- accumulate in order and the gradient accumulates row-sums per chunk.+    fwd   <- VUM.new (stride * chunk)   -- [node * nb + i]; dynamic columns written before read+    adj   <- VUM.replicate (stride * chunk) 0   -- [node * nb + i]+    gradM <- VUM.replicate p 0++    let go !start !acc+          | start >= m = do+              gradFrozen <- VU.unsafeFreeze gradM+              pure (acc, V.convert gradFrozen)+          | otherwise = do+              let nb = min chunk (m - start)+                  s0 = start+              forwardPassRange ct theta fwd s0 nb+              -- objective contribution = sum over this chunk's rows of root+              s <- if VU.unsafeIndex dyn root+                     then {-# SCC "objSumFwd" #-} sumCol fwd (root * nb) nb+                     else {-# SCC "objSumStatic" #-} sumStatic (VU.unsafeIndex staticBase root + s0) nb+              -- seed the root adjoint: d(obj)/d(root value) = 1 per row+              unless (s0 == 0) $ VUM.set adj 0   -- reuse the buffer; keep it clean+              when (VU.unsafeIndex dyn root) $ {-# SCC "seedAdj" #-} VUM.set (VUM.slice (root * nb) nb adj) 1+              -- backward: nodes from root down to 0 (valid reverse-topological order)+              let goBwd !key+                    | key < 0 = pure ()+                    | otherwise = do+                        bwdNode key+                        goBwd (key - 1)++                  bwdNode key+                    | not (VU.unsafeIndex dyn key) = pure ()  -- no Param in subtree+                    | otherwise = case VU.unsafeIndex kind key of+                        4 -> do+                          let l  = VU.unsafeIndex arg key+                              r  = VU.unsafeIndex arg2 key+                              oc = VU.unsafeIndex ocode key+                              dl = VU.unsafeIndex dyn l+                              dr = VU.unsafeIndex dyn r+                              kb = key * nb+                              lb = l * nb+                              rb = r * nb+                          case (dl, dr) of+                            (True, True)   -> {-# SCC "bwdBinTT" #-} bwdBin nb fwd adj 0 oc kb lb rb (static, 0)+                            (True, False)  -> {-# SCC "bwdBinTS" #-} bwdBin nb fwd adj 1 oc kb lb rb (resolveStatic static vars kind arg staticBase nFeats s0 r)+                            (False, True)  -> {-# SCC "bwdBinST" #-} bwdBin nb fwd adj 2 oc kb lb rb (resolveStatic static vars kind arg staticBase nFeats s0 l)+                            (False, False) -> pure ()  -- no dynamic children to propagate to+                        3 -> do+                          let t  = VU.unsafeIndex arg key+                              fc = VU.unsafeIndex fcode key+                              kb = key * nb+                              tb = t * nb+                          if VU.unsafeIndex dyn t+                            then {-# SCC "bwdUni" #-} bwdUni nb fwd adj fc kb tb+                            else pure ()  -- static child: no Param below, nothing to accumulate+                        1 -> do+                          let a  = VU.unsafeIndex arg key+                              kb = key * nb+                          {-# SCC "bwdParam" #-} do+                            s' <- sumCol adj kb nb+                            VUM.unsafeModify gradM (+ s') a+                        _ -> pure ()+              goBwd root+              go (start + nb) (acc + s)++    go 0 0+  where+    root   = ctRoot ct+    m      = ctM ct+    p      = V.length theta+    stride = root + 1+    chunk  = 1024+    kind   = ctKind ct+    arg    = ctArg ct+    arg2   = ctArg2 ct+    fcode  = ctFcode ct+    ocode  = ctOcode ct+    dyn    = ctDyn ct+    static = ctStatic ct+    staticBase = ctStaticBase ct+    vars   = ctVars ct+    nFeats = VB.length vars - 2++    sumCol v vbase !n = go 0 0+      where go !i !acc | i >= n = pure acc+                       | otherwise = VUM.unsafeRead v (vbase + i) >>= \vv -> go (i + 1) (acc + vv)+    sumStatic sbase !n = go 0 0+      where go !i !acc | i >= n = pure acc+                       | otherwise = go (i + 1) (acc + VU.unsafeIndex static (sbase + i))++-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------+-- Forward-only objective evaluation: runs the forward pass and the row+-- sum but skips the adjoint/backward pass. Used where only the objective+-- value is needed (reporting loss / R2 metrics, the validation fitness in+-- the search), avoiding the ~2/3 of evalGradVec's work that computes the+-- gradient.+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------+-- Chunked loss evaluation: runs the same node-outer forward pass as+-- `evalGradVec` (static columns precomputed in `ctStatic`, op codes+-- dispatched once per node into INLINE kernels) but only over a chunk of+-- `chunk` rows at a time with a per-call buffer of O(stride * chunk)+-- instead of O(stride * m). The chunk partition does not change any value+-- (each row is computed independently, the row sums accumulate in order),+-- but it cuts the per-call allocation ~30x so this is cheap enough for the+-- val-eval hot path that runs once per explored expression.+evalLossVec :: CompiledTree -> V.Vector Double -> Double+evalLossVec ct theta = runST $ do+    buf <- VUM.new (stride * chunk)+    go buf 0 0+  where+    root     = ctRoot ct+    m        = ctM ct+    stride   = root + 1+    dyn      = ctDyn ct+    static   = ctStatic ct+    staticBase = ctStaticBase ct+    chunk    = 4096++    go :: VUM.MVector s Double -> Int -> Double -> ST s Double+    go buf !start !acc+      | start >= m = pure acc+      | otherwise = do+          let nb = min chunk (m - start)+          forwardPassRange ct theta buf start nb+          s <- if VU.unsafeIndex dyn root+                 then sumCol buf (root * nb) nb+                 else sumStatic (VU.unsafeIndex staticBase root + start) nb+          go buf (start + nb) (acc + s)++    sumCol buf vbase !n = go 0 0+      where go !i !acc | i >= n = pure acc+                       | otherwise = VUM.unsafeRead buf (vbase + i) >>= \vv -> go (i + 1) (acc + vv)+    sumStatic sbase !n = go 0 0+      where go !i !acc | i >= n = pure acc+                       | otherwise = go (i + 1) (acc + VU.unsafeIndex static (sbase + i))++-- Forward pass shared by evalGradVec and evalLossVec: fills the `fwd`+-- columns of every dynamic node (ids are topologically ordered, so one+-- left-to-right sweep computes all of them; static columns are already in+-- `ctStatic`). The op/function codes are dispatched once per node and the+-- INLINE loop helpers run a tight fused kernel over the rows.+--+-- `s0`/`nb` select a range of rows [start, start+nb): with nb = m, start = 0+-- this is the full-matrix pass used by evalGradVec; evalLossVec calls it on+-- chunks of rows with a stride*nb buffer. The fwd buffer is indexed+-- [key * nb + i], static columns are read at [slot(key) * m + s0 + i].+forwardPassRange :: CompiledTree -> V.Vector Double -> VUM.MVector s Double -> Int -> Int -> ST s ()+forwardPassRange ct theta fwd s0 nb = goFwd 0+  where+    root   = ctRoot ct+    m      = ctM ct+    kind   = ctKind ct+    arg    = ctArg ct+    arg2   = ctArg2 ct+    fcode  = ctFcode ct+    ocode  = ctOcode ct+    dyn    = ctDyn ct+    static = ctStatic ct+    staticBase = ctStaticBase ct+    vars   = ctVars ct+    nFeats = VB.length vars - 2++    goFwd !key+      | key > root = pure ()+      | otherwise  = do+          if VU.unsafeIndex dyn key+            then case VU.unsafeIndex kind key of+              1 -> {-# SCC "fwdParam" #-} VUM.set (VUM.slice (key * nb) nb fwd) (V.unsafeIndex theta (VU.unsafeIndex arg key))+              3 -> do+                let t  = VU.unsafeIndex arg key+                    fc = VU.unsafeIndex fcode key+                    kb = key * nb+                    tb = t * nb+                if VU.unsafeIndex dyn t+                  then {-# SCC "fwdUniD" #-} fwdUniD nb fwd fc kb tb+                  else pure ()  -- a dynamic Uni always has a dynamic child+              4 -> do+                let l  = VU.unsafeIndex arg key+                    r  = VU.unsafeIndex arg2 key+                    oc = VU.unsafeIndex ocode key+                    dl = VU.unsafeIndex dyn l+                    dr = VU.unsafeIndex dyn r+                    kb = key * nb+                    lb = l * nb+                    rb = r * nb+                case (dl, dr) of+                  (True, True)   -> {-# SCC "fwdBinTT" #-} fwdBin nb fwd 0 oc kb lb rb (static, 0)+                  (True, False)  -> {-# SCC "fwdBinTS" #-} fwdBin nb fwd 1 oc kb lb rb (resolveStatic static vars kind arg staticBase nFeats s0 r)+                  (False, True)  -> {-# SCC "fwdBinST" #-} fwdBin nb fwd 2 oc kb lb rb (resolveStatic static vars kind arg staticBase nFeats s0 l)+                  (False, False) -> pure ()  -- unreachable: a dynamic Bin always has a dynamic child+              _ -> pure ()+            else pure ()  -- static node: column already in `static`+          goFwd (key + 1)++    -- Forward binary kernels: `combo` 0=TT, 1=TS, 2=ST (SS is unreachable+    -- for dynamic nodes). The opcode is dispatched ONCE per node; the loop+    -- helpers are INLINE with the literal operator so each row iteration+    -- is a tight fused kernel with no per-element `case oc of` dispatch.+    -- `stSrc` is the (source vector, base) of the static child (either a+    -- run-fixed leaf column from `vars` or a computed column of `static`),+    -- used by the TS/ST variants; `nb` is the number of rows in this chunk.+fwdBin :: Int -> VUM.MVector s Double -> Int -> Int -> Int -> Int -> Int -> (VU.Vector Double, Int) -> ST s ()+fwdBin nb fwd combo oc kb lb rb stSrc = case (combo, oc) of+  (0, 0) -> fwdTT nb fwd (+) kb lb rb+  (0, 1) -> fwdTT nb fwd (-) kb lb rb+  (0, 2) -> fwdTT nb fwd (*) kb lb rb+  (0, 3) -> fwdTT nb fwd (/) kb lb rb+  (0, 4) -> fwdTT nb fwd (**) kb lb rb+  (0, 5) -> fwdTT nb fwd (\l r -> abs l ** r) kb lb rb+  (0, 6) -> fwdTT nb fwd (\l r -> l / sqrt (1 + r * r)) kb lb rb+  (1, 0) -> fwdTS nb stSrc fwd (+) kb lb+  (1, 1) -> fwdTS nb stSrc fwd (-) kb lb+  (1, 2) -> fwdTS nb stSrc fwd (*) kb lb+  (1, 3) -> fwdTS nb stSrc fwd (/) kb lb+  (1, 4) -> fwdTS nb stSrc fwd (**) kb lb+  (1, 5) -> fwdTS nb stSrc fwd (\l r -> abs l ** r) kb lb+  (1, 6) -> fwdTS nb stSrc fwd (\l r -> l / sqrt (1 + r * r)) kb lb+  (2, 0) -> fwdST nb stSrc fwd (+) kb rb+  (2, 1) -> fwdST nb stSrc fwd (-) kb rb+  (2, 2) -> fwdST nb stSrc fwd (*) kb rb+  (2, 3) -> fwdST nb stSrc fwd (/) kb rb+  (2, 4) -> fwdST nb stSrc fwd (**) kb rb+  (2, 5) -> fwdST nb stSrc fwd (\l r -> abs l ** r) kb rb+  (2, 6) -> fwdST nb stSrc fwd (\l r -> l / sqrt (1 + r * r)) kb rb+  _      -> pure ()+{-# INLINE fwdBin #-}++-- Backward binary kernels: same dispatch structure, `diff` is the local+-- (dl/dchild, dr/dchild) rule keyed on the opcode. `nb` is the number of+-- rows in this chunk, `stSrc` is the (source vector, base) of the static+-- child (either a run-fixed leaf column from `vars` or a computed column of+-- `static`), used by the TS/ST variants.+bwdBin :: Int -> VUM.MVector s Double -> VUM.MVector s Double -> Int -> Int -> Int -> Int -> Int -> (VU.Vector Double, Int) -> ST s ()+bwdBin nb fwd adj combo oc kb lb rb stSrc = case (combo, oc) of+  (0, 0) -> bwdTT nb fwd adj (\dx _ _ _ -> (dx, dx)) kb lb rb+  (0, 1) -> bwdTT nb fwd adj (\dx _ _ _ -> (dx, negate dx)) kb lb rb+  (0, 2) -> bwdTT nb fwd adj (\dx fx gy _ -> (dx * gy, dx * fx)) kb lb rb+  (0, 3) -> bwdTT nb fwd adj (\dx _ gy fg -> (dx / gy, dx * (negate fg / gy))) kb lb rb+  (0, 4) -> bwdTT nb fwd adj (\dx fx gy fg -> (fixNaN (dx * gy * fg / fx), fixNaN (dx * fg * log fx))) kb lb rb+  (0, 5) -> bwdTT nb fwd adj (\dx fx gy fg ->+             let v2 = abs fx in (fixNaN (dx * (fx * gy) * fg / (v2 * v2)), fixNaN (dx * fg * log (abs fx)))) kb lb rb+  (0, 6) -> bwdTT nb fwd adj (\dx fx gy _ ->+             let dxl = dx * (recip . sqrt . (+1) . (^(2::Int))) gy+                 dxy = fx * gy * dxl ^ (3::Int)+             in (dxl, dxy)) kb lb rb+  (1, 0) -> bwdTS nb stSrc fwd adj (\dx _ _ _ -> (dx, dx)) kb lb+  (1, 1) -> bwdTS nb stSrc fwd adj (\dx _ _ _ -> (dx, negate dx)) kb lb+  (1, 2) -> bwdTS nb stSrc fwd adj (\dx fx gy _ -> (dx * gy, dx * fx)) kb lb+  (1, 3) -> bwdTS nb stSrc fwd adj (\dx _ gy fg -> (dx / gy, dx * (negate fg / gy))) kb lb+  (1, 4) -> bwdTS nb stSrc fwd adj (\dx fx gy fg -> (fixNaN (dx * gy * fg / fx), fixNaN (dx * fg * log fx))) kb lb+  (1, 5) -> bwdTS nb stSrc fwd adj (\dx fx gy fg ->+             let v2 = abs fx in (fixNaN (dx * (fx * gy) * fg / (v2 * v2)), fixNaN (dx * fg * log (abs fx)))) kb lb+  (1, 6) -> bwdTS nb stSrc fwd adj (\dx fx gy _ ->+             let dxl = dx * (recip . sqrt . (+1) . (^(2::Int))) gy+                 dxy = fx * gy * dxl ^ (3::Int)+             in (dxl, dxy)) kb lb+  (2, 0) -> bwdST nb stSrc fwd adj (\dx _ _ _ -> (dx, dx)) kb rb+  (2, 1) -> bwdST nb stSrc fwd adj (\dx _ _ _ -> (dx, negate dx)) kb rb+  (2, 2) -> bwdST nb stSrc fwd adj (\dx fx gy _ -> (dx * gy, dx * fx)) kb rb+  (2, 3) -> bwdST nb stSrc fwd adj (\dx _ gy fg -> (dx / gy, dx * (negate fg / gy))) kb rb+  (2, 4) -> bwdST nb stSrc fwd adj (\dx fx gy fg -> (fixNaN (dx * gy * fg / fx), fixNaN (dx * fg * log fx))) kb rb+  (2, 5) -> bwdST nb stSrc fwd adj (\dx fx gy fg ->+             let v2 = abs fx in (fixNaN (dx * (fx * gy) * fg / (v2 * v2)), fixNaN (dx * fg * log (abs fx)))) kb lb+  (2, 6) -> bwdST nb stSrc fwd adj (\dx fx gy _ ->+             let dxl = dx * (recip . sqrt . (+1) . (^(2::Int))) gy+                 dxy = fx * gy * dxl ^ (3::Int)+             in (dxl, dxy)) kb rb+  _      -> pure ()+{-# INLINE bwdBin #-}++fwdTT nb fwd op kb lb rb = forRows nb $ \i -> do+  xl <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd (lb + i)+  xr <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd (rb + i)+  VUM.unsafeWrite fwd (kb + i) (op xl xr)+{-# INLINE fwdTT #-}++fwdTS nb (src, base) fwd op kb lb = forRows nb $ \i -> do+  xl <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd (lb + i)+  VUM.unsafeWrite fwd (kb + i) (op xl (VU.unsafeIndex src (base + i)))+{-# INLINE fwdTS #-}++fwdST nb (src, base) fwd op kb rb = forRows nb $ \i -> do+  xr <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd (rb + i)+  VUM.unsafeWrite fwd (kb + i) (op (VU.unsafeIndex src (base + i)) xr)+{-# INLINE fwdST #-}++bwdTT nb fwd adj diff kb lb rb = forRows nb $ \i -> do+  v  <- VUM.unsafeRead adj (kb + i)+  xl <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd (lb + i)+  xr <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd (rb + i)+  fg <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd (kb + i)+  let (gl, gr) = diff v xl xr fg+  a <- VUM.unsafeRead adj (lb + i)+  VUM.unsafeWrite adj (lb + i) (a + gl)+  b <- VUM.unsafeRead adj (rb + i)+  VUM.unsafeWrite adj (rb + i) (b + gr)+{-# INLINE bwdTT #-}++bwdTS nb (src, base) fwd adj diff kb lb = forRows nb $ \i -> do+  v  <- VUM.unsafeRead adj (kb + i)+  xl <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd (lb + i)+  fg <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd (kb + i)+  let (gl, _) = diff v xl (VU.unsafeIndex src (base + i)) fg+  a <- VUM.unsafeRead adj (lb + i)+  VUM.unsafeWrite adj (lb + i) (a + gl)+{-# INLINE bwdTS #-}++bwdST nb (src, base) fwd adj diff kb rb = forRows nb $ \i -> do+  v  <- VUM.unsafeRead adj (kb + i)+  xr <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd (rb + i)+  fg <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd (kb + i)+  let (_, gr) = diff v (VU.unsafeIndex src (base + i)) xr fg+  b <- VUM.unsafeRead adj (rb + i)+  VUM.unsafeWrite adj (rb + i) (b + gr)+{-# INLINE bwdST #-}++-- Forward unary kernels (dynamic child): the function code is dispatched+-- ONCE per node and the loop helper is INLINE with the literal function,+-- so each row iteration is a tight fused kernel with no per-element+-- `case fc of` / closure build (a dynamic Uni node always has a dynamic+-- child, so there is no static-child variant here).+fwdUniD :: Int -> VUM.MVector s Double -> Int -> Int -> Int -> ST s ()+fwdUniD nb fwd fc kb tb = case fc of+  0  -> fwdUniD' nb fwd (\x -> x) kb tb+  1  -> fwdUniD' nb fwd abs kb tb+  2  -> fwdUniD' nb fwd sin kb tb+  3  -> fwdUniD' nb fwd cos kb tb+  4  -> fwdUniD' nb fwd tan kb tb+  5  -> fwdUniD' nb fwd sinh kb tb+  6  -> fwdUniD' nb fwd cosh kb tb+  7  -> fwdUniD' nb fwd tanh kb tb+  8  -> fwdUniD' nb fwd asin kb tb+  9  -> fwdUniD' nb fwd acos kb tb+  10 -> fwdUniD' nb fwd atan kb tb+  11 -> fwdUniD' nb fwd asinh kb tb+  12 -> fwdUniD' nb fwd acosh kb tb+  13 -> fwdUniD' nb fwd atanh kb tb+  14 -> fwdUniD' nb fwd sqrt kb tb+  15 -> fwdUniD' nb fwd (\x -> sqrt (abs x)) kb tb+  16 -> fwdUniD' nb fwd (\x -> signum x * abs x ** (1 / 3)) kb tb+  17 -> fwdUniD' nb fwd (\x -> x * x) kb tb+  18 -> fwdUniD' nb fwd log kb tb+  19 -> fwdUniD' nb fwd (\x -> log (abs x)) kb tb+  20 -> fwdUniD' nb fwd exp kb tb+  21 -> fwdUniD' nb fwd recip kb tb+  22 -> fwdUniD' nb fwd (\x -> x * x * x) kb tb+  _  -> pure ()+{-# INLINE fwdUniD #-}++fwdUniD' nb fwd f kb tb = forRows nb $ \i -> do+  x <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd (tb + i)+  VUM.unsafeWrite fwd (kb + i) (f x)+{-# INLINE fwdUniD' #-}++-- Backward unary kernel: derivative of the function, dispatched once per+-- node and inlined into the accumulation loop. `nb` is the number of rows+-- in the current chunk.+bwdUni :: Int -> VUM.MVector s Double -> VUM.MVector s Double -> Int -> Int -> Int -> ST s ()+bwdUni nb fwd adj fc kb tb = case fc of+  0  -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj (\_ -> 1) kb tb+  1  -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj (\x -> x / abs x) kb tb+  2  -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj cos kb tb+  3  -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj (negate . sin) kb tb+  4  -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj (\x -> 1 / (cos x * cos x)) kb tb+  5  -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj cosh kb tb+  6  -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj sinh kb tb+  7  -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj (\x -> 1 - tanh x * tanh x) kb tb+  8  -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj (\x -> 1 / sqrt (1 - x * x)) kb tb+  9  -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj (\x -> -1 / sqrt (1 - x * x)) kb tb+  10 -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj (\x -> 1 / (1 + x * x)) kb tb+  11 -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj (\x -> 1 / sqrt (1 + x * x)) kb tb+  12 -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj (\x -> 1 / (sqrt (x - 1) * sqrt (x + 1))) kb tb+  13 -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj (\x -> 1 / (1 - x * x)) kb tb+  14 -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj (\x -> 1 / (2 * sqrt x)) kb tb+  15 -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj (\x -> x / (2 * abs x ** (3 / 2))) kb tb+  16 -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj (\x -> 1 / (3 * (x * x) ** (1 / 3))) kb tb+  17 -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj (\x -> 2 * x) kb tb+  18 -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj recip kb tb+  19 -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj recip kb tb+  20 -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj exp kb tb+  21 -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj (\x -> -1 / (x * x)) kb tb+  22 -> bwdUni' nb fwd adj (\x -> 3 * x * x) kb tb+  _  -> pure ()+{-# INLINE bwdUni #-}++bwdUni' nb fwd adj f kb tb = forRows nb $ \i -> do+  v <- VUM.unsafeRead adj (kb + i)+  x <- VUM.unsafeRead fwd (tb + i)+  c <- VUM.unsafeRead adj (tb + i)+  VUM.unsafeWrite adj (tb + i) (c + v * f x)+{-# INLINE bwdUni' #-}+-- Unboxed ST loop over the m data rows; always inlined so the per-node+-- bodies above are fused into a single tail-recursive kernel per node.+forRows :: Int -> (Int -> ST s ()) -> ST s ()+forRows !n f = go 0+  where+    go !i | i >= n    = pure ()+          | otherwise = f i >> go (i + 1)+{-# INLINE forRows #-}+evalOpCode :: Int -> Double -> Double -> Double+evalOpCode 0 = (+)+evalOpCode 1 = (-)+evalOpCode 2 = (*)+evalOpCode 3 = (/)+evalOpCode 4 = (**)+evalOpCode 5 = \l r -> abs l ** r+evalOpCode 6 = \l r -> l / sqrt (1 + r * r)+evalOpCode _ = error "evalOpCode: bad op code"+{-# INLINE evalOpCode #-}++evalFunCode :: Int -> Double -> Double+evalFunCode 0  = id+evalFunCode 1  = abs+evalFunCode 2  = sin+evalFunCode 3  = cos+evalFunCode 4  = tan+evalFunCode 5  = sinh+evalFunCode 6  = cosh+evalFunCode 7  = tanh+evalFunCode 8  = asin+evalFunCode 9  = acos+evalFunCode 10 = atan+evalFunCode 11 = asinh+evalFunCode 12 = acosh+evalFunCode 13 = atanh+evalFunCode 14 = sqrt+evalFunCode 15 = \x -> sqrt (abs x)+evalFunCode 16 = \x -> signum x * abs x ** (1 / 3)+evalFunCode 17 = \x -> x * x+evalFunCode 18 = log+evalFunCode 19 = \x -> log (abs x)+evalFunCode 20 = exp+evalFunCode 21 = recip+evalFunCode 22 = \x -> x * x * x+evalFunCode _  = error "evalFunCode: bad function code"+{-# INLINE evalFunCode #-}++derivFunCode :: Int -> Double -> Double+derivFunCode 0  = const 1+derivFunCode 1  = \x -> x / abs x+derivFunCode 2  = cos+derivFunCode 3  = negate . sin+derivFunCode 4  = \x -> 1 / (cos x * cos x)+derivFunCode 5  = cosh+derivFunCode 6  = sinh+derivFunCode 7  = \x -> 1 - tanh x * tanh x+derivFunCode 8  = \x -> 1 / sqrt (1 - x * x)+derivFunCode 9  = \x -> -1 / sqrt (1 - x * x)+derivFunCode 10 = \x -> 1 / (1 + x * x)+derivFunCode 11 = \x -> 1 / sqrt (1 + x * x)+derivFunCode 12 = \x -> 1 / (sqrt (x - 1) * sqrt (x + 1))+derivFunCode 13 = \x -> 1 / (1 - x * x)+derivFunCode 14 = \x -> 1 / (2 * sqrt x)+derivFunCode 15 = \x -> x / (2 * abs x ** (3 / 2))+derivFunCode 16 = \x -> 1 / (3 * (x * x) ** (1 / 3))+derivFunCode 17 = (* 2)+derivFunCode 18 = recip+derivFunCode 19 = recip+derivFunCode 20 = exp+derivFunCode 21 = \x -> -1 / (x * x)+derivFunCode 22 = \x -> 3 * x * x+derivFunCode _  = error "derivFunCode: bad function code"+{-# INLINE derivFunCode #-}++-- Pure local-derivative rules keyed on fromEnum Op, scalar version (same+-- math as the original vectorized `diffPure`, applied per-row above).+diffScalarCode :: Int -> Double -> Double -> Double -> Double -> (Double, Double)+diffScalarCode 0 dx _  _  _  = (dx, dx)+diffScalarCode 1 dx _  _  _  = (dx, negate dx)+diffScalarCode 2 dx fx gy _  = (dx * gy, dx * fx)+diffScalarCode 3 dx _  gy fg = (dx / gy, dx * (negate fg / gy))+diffScalarCode 4 dx fx gy fg =+    ( fixNaN (dx * gy * fg / fx)+    , fixNaN (dx * fg * log fx) )+diffScalarCode 5 dx fx gy fg =+    let v2 = abs fx+    in ( fixNaN (dx * (fx * gy) * fg / (v2 * v2))+       , fixNaN (dx * fg * log (abs fx)) )+diffScalarCode 6 dx fx gy _ =+    let dxl = dx * (recip . sqrt . (+1) . (^(2::Int))) gy+        dxy = fx * gy * dxl ^ (3::Int)+    in (dxl, dxy)+diffScalarCode _ _ _ _ _ = error "diffScalarCode: bad op code"+{-# INLINE diffScalarCode #-}++fixNaN :: Double -> Double+fixNaN x = if isNaN x then 0 else x+{-# INLINE fixNaN #-}++-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------+-- Drop-in-compatible wrapper -- same signature as your original function.+-- Use this ONLY to verify correctness against your existing implementation+-- (e.g. QuickCheck / golden tests comparing outputs). It gets you ZERO+-- speedup on its own, since it calls compileTree fresh every time, same+-- as before. The actual win requires changing the NLopt-facing call site.+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------++--reverseModeGraphO :: [V.Vector Double] -> V.Vector Double -> Maybe (V.Vector Double) -> V.Vector Double -> Fix SRTree -> (V.Vector Double, V.Vector Double)+--reverseModeGraphO xss ys mYErr theta tree = evalGrad (compileTree xss ys mYErr tree) theta++-- | Safely chunk an unboxed vector into 'n' roughly equal parts.+chunkVector :: Int -> VU.Vector Double -> [VU.Vector Double]+chunkVector numChunks v+  | VU.null v = []+  | otherwise =+      let n = VU.length v+          chunkSize = max 1 (n `div` numChunks)+          go vec | VU.null vec = []+                 | VU.length vec <= chunkSize = [vec]+                 | otherwise = let (h, t) = VU.splitAt chunkSize vec+                               in h : go t+      in go v++-- | Compiles the tree for multiple data chunks independently.+compileTreeMulti :: [VU.Vector Double]+                 -> VU.Vector Double+                 -> Maybe (VU.Vector Double)+                 -> Fix SRTree+                 -> [CompiledTree]+compileTreeMulti xss ys mYErr tree =+    let nRows     = VU.length ys+        minChunkSize = 2000+        numChunks = max 1 (min cap (nRows `div` minChunkSize))+        cap       = if mtSingleChunk then 1 else unsafePerformIO getNumCapabilities+        ysChunks  = chunkVector numChunks ys+        -- transpose groups the chunks by slice rather than by feature+        xssChunks = Data.List.transpose (map (chunkVector numChunks) xss)+        errChunks = case mYErr of+                      Just e  -> map Just (chunkVector numChunks e)+                      Nothing -> replicate (length ysChunks) Nothing+    in [ compileTree xs y err tree | (xs, y, err) <- zip3 xssChunks ysChunks errChunks ]++-- | When True, the MultiThread backend compiles/evaluates each tree on a+-- single chunk so a higher-level population-parallel driver (eggp's fitness+-- batch) owns the cores instead of oversubscribing the per-tree chunk split.+{-# NOINLINE mtSingleChunk #-}+mtSingleChunk :: Bool+mtSingleChunk = unsafePerformIO (readIORef mtParGate)++mtParGate :: IORef Bool+mtParGate = unsafePerformIO (newIORef False)+{-# NOINLINE mtParGate #-}++-- | Enable/disable single-chunk (non-oversubscribing) mode for the MultiThread+-- backend; called around a population-parallel fitness batch.+setMTPopParallel :: Bool -> IO ()+setMTPopParallel b = writeIORef mtParGate b++-- | Evaluates the gradient across all compiled chunks in parallel.+-- Each chunk is evaluated by the fast node-outer `evalGradVec` kernel on+-- its own slice of the data. The kernel is now chunked internally (O(stride+-- * 1024) per-call buffers, L3-resident) and is compute-bound rather than+-- memory-bandwidth-bound, so splitting the data into one chunk per core and+-- running the kernels concurrently scales almost linearly. The objective+-- and gradient accumulate across chunks (same math per row; only the FP+-- summation order across chunk boundaries differs).+evalGradMulti :: [CompiledTree] -> V.Vector Double -> (Double, V.Vector Double)+evalGradMulti [ct] theta = evalGradVec ct theta+evalGradMulti cts theta = unsafePerformIO $ do+    results <- forConcurrently cts $ \ct -> evaluate (evalGradVec ct theta)+    let totalObj   = sum $ map fst results+        totalGrad  = foldl1' (V.zipWith (+)) (map snd results)+    pure (totalObj, totalGrad)
+ src/Algorithm/SRTree/Compile.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@+{-# LANGUAGE GADTs #-}++module Algorithm.SRTree.Compile where++import Data.SRTree+import Data.SRTree.Eval (compileLoss, Target, Columns, Theta)+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as U+import qualified Data.Vector.Storable as VS+import qualified Data.Vector.Generic as G+import Algorithm.SRTree.AD+import Algorithm.SRTree.Utils+import Algorithm.SRTree.Likelihoods (Distribution(..), Loss(..), buildLoss, hessianNLL)+import Algorithm.SRTree.NonlinearOpt (minimizeNLL, minimizeNLLWithFixedParam)+import Data.SRTree.Recursion (cata)++data EvalTree = EvalTree {+  ctDist            :: Distribution,+  ctLoss            :: Theta -> Double,+  ctAD              :: VS.Vector Double -> (Double, VS.Vector Double),+  ctOptimizer       :: Target -> Target,+  ctOptimizerFixed  :: Int -> Target -> Target,+  ctNLL             :: Target -> Double,+  ctGradNLL         :: Target -> (Double, Target),+  ctHessianNLL      :: Target -> Columns,+  ctTree            :: Fix SRTree,+  ctRows            :: Int,+  ctVar             :: Double+}++-- | Compile a tree and store it in a CompiledTree data structure+compileTree :: Distribution -> Columns -> Target -> Maybe Target -> Fix SRTree -> EvalTree+compileTree dist xss ys mYerr tree = EvalTree {+  ctDist            = dist,+  ctLoss            = compileLoss xss tree ys mYerr,+  ctAD              = compileFunAndGrad MultiThread xss ys mYerr tree,+  ctOptimizer       = fst3 . minimizeNLL MultiThread (NLL dist) mYerr 100 xss ys tree,+  ctOptimizerFixed  = minimizeNLLWithFixedParam MultiThread (NLL dist) mYerr 100 xss ys tree,+  ctNLL             = compileLoss xss lossTree ys mYerr,+  ctGradNLL         = \theta -> let fg = compileFunAndGrad MultiThread xss ys mYerr lossTree+                                    (obj, gradStorable) = fg (G.convert theta)+                                in (obj, G.convert gradStorable),+  ctHessianNLL      = hessianNLL dist mYerr xss ys tree,+  ctTree            = tree,+  ctRows            = n,+  ctVar             = let ym = U.sum ys / fromIntegral n+                      in U.foldr (\yi acc -> acc + (yi - ym)^2) 0 ys+}+  where+    n = U.length ys+    lossTree = buildLoss (NLL dist) (fromIntegral n) tree+    fst3 (a, _, _) = a++data EvaluatedTree = EvaluatedTree {+  valLoss             :: Double,+  valTheta            :: Theta,+  valRows             :: Double,+  valParams           :: Double,+  valTree             :: Fix SRTree,+  valLogParams        :: Double,+  valLogParamsLattice :: Double,+  valVar              :: Double+}++evaluateTree :: EvalTree -> Target -> [[Double]] -> Theta -> EvaluatedTree+evaluateTree et fisher hessian theta = EvaluatedTree {+  valLoss             = ctLoss et theta,+  valTheta            = theta,+  valRows             = fromIntegral (ctRows et),+  valParams           = fromIntegral (U.length theta),+  valTree             = ctTree et,+  valLogParams        = logParameters fisher theta,+  valLogParamsLattice = logParametersLatt hessian fisher theta,+  valVar              = ctVar et+}+++-- log of the parameters complexity+logParameters :: U.Vector Double -> Target -> Double+logParameters fisher theta = -(p / 2) * log 3 + 0.5 * logFisher + logTheta+  where+    (logTheta, logFisher, p) = foldr addIfSignificant (0, 0, 0) $ zip (U.toList theta) (U.toList fisher)++-- same as above but for the Lattice+logParametersLatt :: [[Double]] -> U.Vector Double -> Target -> Double+logParametersLatt hessian fisher theta = 0.5 * p * (1 - log 3) + 0.5 * log detFisher+  where+    detFisher = det $ map U.fromList hessian++    (logTheta, logFisher, p) = foldr addIfSignificant (0, 0, 0) $ zip (U.toList theta) (U.toList fisher)++addIfSignificant (v, f) (acc_v, acc_f, acc_p)+  | isSignificant v f = (acc_v + log (abs v), acc_f + log f, acc_p + 1)+  | otherwise = (acc_v, acc_f, acc_p)+{-# INLINE addIfSignificant #-}++isSignificant v f = abs (v / sqrt(12 / f) ) >= 1+{-# INLINE isSignificant #-}++fixParam :: Int -> Double -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+fixParam ix val = cata alg+  where+    alg (Param i) | i == ix   = Fix $ Const val+                  | i > ix    = Fix $ Param (i-1)+                  | otherwise = Fix $ Param i+    alg other = Fix other+{-# INLINE fixParam #-}
+ src/Algorithm/SRTree/ConfidenceIntervals.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@+{-# language ViewPatterns, ScopedTypeVariables, MultiWayIf, FlexibleContexts #-}+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Algorithm.SRTree.ConfidenceIntervals+-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :  ConstraintKinds+--+-- Functions to optimize the parameters of an expression.+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+module Algorithm.SRTree.ConfidenceIntervals where++import Statistics.Distribution ( ContDistr(quantile) )+import Statistics.Distribution.StudentT ( studentT )+import Statistics.Distribution.FDistribution ( fDistribution )+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as U+import qualified Data.Vector.Storable as VS+import qualified Data.Vector.Generic as G+import Data.SRTree+import Data.SRTree.Eval+import Data.SRTree.Recursion ( cata )+import Algorithm.SRTree.Likelihoods+import Algorithm.SRTree.Compile+import Data.List ( sortOn, nubBy )+import Data.Maybe ( listToMaybe )+import Algorithm.SRTree.Utils+import Numeric.Optimization.NLOPT+import System.IO.Unsafe ( unsafePerformIO )+import Control.Monad.Catch ( catch, SomeException )++import Debug.Trace ( trace )++-- | profile likelihood algorithms: Bates (classical), ODE (faster), Constrained (fastest)+-- The Constrained approach returns only the endpoints.+data PType = Bates | ODE | Constrained deriving (Show, Read, Eq)++-- | Confidence Interval using Laplace approximation or profile likelihood.+data CIType = Laplace BasicStats | Profile BasicStats [ProfileT]++-- | Basic stats of the data: covariance of parameters, correlation, standard errors+data BasicStats = MkStats+  { _cov :: Columns+  , _corr :: Columns+  , _stdErr :: Target+  } deriving (Eq, Show)++-- | a confience interval is composed of the point estimate (`est_`), lower bound (`_lower_`)+-- and upper bound (`upper_`)+data CI = CI+  { est_ :: Double+  , lower_ :: Double+  , upper_ :: Double+  } deriving (Eq, Show, Read)++-- | A profile likelihood is composed of a vector of tau values that traces the likelihood,+-- the matrix of thetas for each profile, the local optima, and two splines that converts+-- taus to theta and vice-versa.+data ProfileT = ProfileT+  { _taus :: Target+  , _thetas :: Columns+  , _opt :: Double+  , _tau2theta :: Double -> Double+  , _theta2tau :: Double -> Double+  }++-- shows the CI with n places+showCI :: Int -> CI -> String+showCI n (CI x l h) = show (rnd l) <> " <= " <> show (rnd x) <> " <= " <> show (rnd h)+  where rnd = (/10^n) . (fromIntegral . round) . (*10^n)++printCI :: Int -> CI -> IO ()+printCI n = putStrLn . showCI n++-- | Calculates the confidence interval of the parameters using+-- Laplace approximation or Profile likelihood+paramCI :: CIType -> Int -> Target -> Double -> [CI]+paramCI (Laplace stats) nSamples theta alpha = zipWith3 CI (U.toList theta) lows highs+  where+    -- the Laplace approximation is theta +/- t(1-alpha/2) * standard error+    k = U.length theta+    t = quantile (studentT . fromIntegral $ nSamples - k) (1 - alpha / 2.0)+    stdErr = _stdErr stats+    lows = U.toList $ U.zipWith (-) theta $ U.map (*t) stdErr+    highs = U.toList $ U.zipWith (+) theta $ U.map (*t) stdErr++paramCI (Profile stats profiles) nSamples _ alpha = zipWith3 CI theta lows highs+  where+    -- for the profile likelihood we use the square root of the F-distribution with (1-alpha)+    k = length theta+    t = sqrt $ quantile (fDistribution k (fromIntegral $ nSamples - k)) (1 - alpha)+    stdErr = _stdErr stats+    lows = map (`_tau2theta` (-t)) profiles+    highs = map (`_tau2theta` t) profiles+    theta = map _opt profiles++-- | calculates the prediction confidence interval using Laplace approximation or profile likelihood.+-- predictionCI+predictionCI :: CIType -> Distribution -> (Columns -> Target) -> (Columns -> [Target]) -> (CI -> Target -> Fix SRTree -> (Double -> Double, Double)) -> Columns -> Fix SRTree -> Target -> Double -> [CI] -> [CI]+predictionCI (Laplace stats) _ predFun jacFun _ xss tree theta alpha _ = zipWith3 CI yhat lows highs+  where+    yhat = U.toList $ predFun xss+    jac' = jacFun xss+    k = U.length theta+    n = length yhat+    t = quantile (studentT . fromIntegral $ n - k) (1 - alpha / 2.0)++    covMat = toRowMajor (_cov stats)+    nCov = k - 1++    lows = zipWith (-) yhat $ map (*t) resStdErr+    highs = zipWith (+) yhat $ map (*t) resStdErr++    getResStdError row =+      sqrt $ U.sum $ U.generate nCov $ \i ->+        (row U.! i) * U.sum (U.zipWith (*) row (U.slice (i * k) nCov covMat))+    resStdErr = map (getResStdError . U.slice 0 nCov) (getRows jac')++predictionCI (Profile _ _) dist predFun _ profFun xss tree theta alpha estPIs = zipWith3 f estPIs yhat xss'+  where+    yhat = U.toList $ predFun xss+    k = U.length theta+    n = length yhat+    t = sqrt $ quantile (fDistribution k (fromIntegral $ n - k)) (1 - alpha)++    theta0 = calcTheta0 dist tree+    xss' = getRows xss++    f estPI yh xs = let+        t' = replaceParam0 tree $ evalVar xs theta0+        (spline, yh') = profFun estPI (theta U.// [(0, yh)]) t'+      in CI yh' (spline (-t)) (spline t)++-- inverse function of the distributions+inverseDist :: Floating p => Distribution -> p -> p+inverseDist Gaussian  y = y+inverseDist Bernoulli y = log (y/(1-y))+inverseDist Poisson   y = log y+inverseDist _         y = y++-- rewrite the tree by fixing theta 0 to optimal value+replaceParam0 :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+replaceParam0 tree t0 = cata alg tree+  where+    alg (Var ix) = Fix $ Var ix+    alg (Param 0) = t0+    alg (Param ix) = Fix $ Param ix+    alg (Const c) = Fix $ Const c+    alg (Y ix)    = Fix $ Y ix+    alg (Uni g t) = Fix $ Uni g t+    alg (Bin op l r) = Fix $ Bin op l r++evalVar :: Target -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+evalVar xs = cata alg+  where+    alg (Var ix) = Fix $ Const (xs U.! ix)+    alg (Param ix) = Fix $ Param ix+    alg (Const c) = Fix $ Const c+    alg (Y ix)    = Fix $ Y ix+    alg (Uni g t) = Fix $ Uni g t+    alg (Bin op l r) = Fix $ Bin op l r++calcTheta0 :: Distribution -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+calcTheta0 dist tree = case cata alg tree of+  Left g -> g $ inverseDist dist (Fix $ Param 0)+  Right _ -> error "No theta0?"+  where+    alg (Var ix) = Right $ Fix $ Var ix+    alg (Param 0) = Left id+    alg (Param ix) = Right $ Fix $ Param ix+    alg (Const c) = Right $ Fix $ Const c+    alg (Y ix)    = Right $ Fix $ Y ix+    alg (Uni g t) = case t of+      Left f -> Left $ f . evalInverse g+      Right v -> Right $ evalFun g v+    alg (Bin op l r) = case l of+      Left f -> case r of+        Left _ -> error "This shouldn't happen!"+        Right v -> Left $ f . invright op v+      Right vl -> case r of+        Left g -> Left $ g . invleft op vl+        Right vr -> Right $ evalOp op vl vr++-- calculate the profile likelihood of every parameter+getAllProfiles :: PType -> EvalTree -> Target -> Target -> [CI] -> Double -> [ProfileT]+getAllProfiles ptype et theta stdErr estCIs alpha = getAll 0 []+  where+    k = U.length theta+    n = ctRows et+    tau_max  = sqrt $ quantile (fDistribution k (n - k)) (1 - 0.01)+    tau_max' = sqrt $ quantile (fDistribution k (n - k)) (1 - alpha)++    profFun ix = case ptype of+                    Bates       -> getProfile      et theta (stdErr U.! ix) tau_max ix+                    ODE         -> getProfileODE   et theta (stdErr U.! ix) (estCIs !! ix) tau_max ix+                    Constrained -> getProfileCnstr et theta (stdErr U.! ix) tau_max' ix++    getAll ix acc | ix == k   = acc+                  | ix == k-1 && ptype == Constrained && ctDist et == Gaussian = case getProfileODE et theta (stdErr U.! ix) (estCIs !! ix) tau_max ix of+                                  Left t  -> getAllProfiles ptype et t stdErr estCIs alpha+                                  Right p -> getAll (ix + 1) (acc <> [p])+                  | otherwise = case profFun ix of+                                  Left t  -> getAllProfiles ptype et t stdErr estCIs alpha+                                  Right p -> getAll (ix + 1) (acc <> [p])++-- calculates the profile likelihood of a single parameter+getProfile :: EvalTree -> Target -> Double -> Double -> Int -> Either Target ProfileT+getProfile et theta stdErr_i tau_max ix+  | stdErr_i == 0.0 = pure $ ProfileT (U.fromList [-tau_max, tau_max]) [theta, theta] (theta U.! ix) (const (theta U.! ix)) (const tau_max)+  | otherwise =+  do negDelta <- go kmax (-stdErr_i / 8) 0 1 mempty+     posDelta <- go kmax  (stdErr_i / 8) 0 1 p0+     let (taus', thetas') = negDelta <> posDelta+         taus    = U.fromList taus'+         thetas  = thetas'+         (tau2theta, theta2tau) = createSplines taus thetas stdErr_i tau_max ix+     pure $ ProfileT taus thetas optTh tau2theta theta2tau+  where+    p0        = ([0], [theta_opt])+    kmax      = 300+    nll_opt   = ctNLL et theta_opt+    theta_opt = ctOptimizer et theta+    optTh     = theta_opt U.! ix+    minimizer = ctOptimizerFixed et ix++    go 0 delta _ _         acc = Right acc+    go k delta t inv_slope acc@(taus, thetas)+      | isNaN inv_slope     = Right acc+      | nll_cond < nll_opt  = Left theta_t+      | abs tau > tau_max   = Right acc'++      | otherwise           = go (k-1) delta (t + inv_slope) inv_slope' acc'+      where+        t_delta     = (theta_opt U.! ix) + delta * (t + inv_slope)+        theta_delta = updateS theta_opt [(ix, t_delta)]+        theta_t     = minimizer theta_delta+        (nll_cond, grad) = ctGradNLL et theta_t+        zv          = grad U.! ix+        inv_slope'  = min 4.0 . max 0.0625 . abs $ (tau / (stdErr_i * zv))+        tau         = signum delta * sqrt (2*nll_cond - 2*nll_opt)+        acc'        = if nll_cond == nll_opt || maybe False (tau ==) (listToMaybe taus) || isNaN tau+                         then acc+                         else (tau:taus, theta_t:thetas)++-- Based on https://insysbio.github.io/LikelihoodProfiler.jl/latest/+-- Borisov, Ivan, and Evgeny Metelkin. "Confidence intervals by constrained optimization—An algorithm and software package for practical identifiability analysis in systems biology." PLOS Computational Biology 16.12 (2020): e1008495.+getProfileCnstr :: EvalTree -> Target -> Double -> Double -> Int -> Either Target ProfileT+getProfileCnstr et theta stdErr_i tau_max ix+  | stdErr_i == 0.0 = pure $ ProfileT taus thetas theta_i (const theta_i) (const tau_max)+  | otherwise       = pure $ ProfileT taus thetas theta_i tau2theta (const tau_max)+  where+    taus     = U.fromList [-tau_max, tau_max]+    thetas   = [theta, theta]+    theta_i  = theta U.! ix+    getPoint = getEndPoint et theta tau_max ix+    leftPt   = getPoint True+    rightPt  = getPoint False+    tau2theta tau = if tau < 0 then leftPt else rightPt++getEndPoint :: EvalTree -> Target -> Double -> Int -> Bool -> Double+getEndPoint et theta tau_max ix isLeft =+  case minimizeAugLag problem (G.convert theta_opt) of+            Right sol -> solutionParams sol VS.! ix+            Left _    -> theta_opt U.! ix+  where+    n = U.length theta++    theta_opt = ctOptimizer et theta+    nll_opt   = ctNLL et theta_opt+    loss_crit = nll_opt + tau_max++    loss      = subtract loss_crit . ctNLL et . G.convert+    obj       = (if isLeft then id else negate) . (VS.! ix)++    stop       = ObjectiveRelativeTolerance 1e-4 :| [MaximumEvaluations 1000]+    localAlg   = NELDERMEAD obj [] Nothing+    local      = LocalProblem (fromIntegral n) stop localAlg+    constraint = InequalityConstraint (Scalar loss) 1e-6++    problem = AugLagProblem [] [] (AUGLAG_LOCAL local [constraint] [])+{-# INLINE getEndPoint #-}++-- Based on+-- Jian-Shen Chen & Robert I Jennrich (2002) Simple Accurate Approximation of Likelihood Profiles,+-- Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 11:3, 714-732, DOI: 10.1198/106186002493+getProfileODE :: EvalTree -> Target -> Double -> CI -> Double -> Int -> Either Target ProfileT+getProfileODE et theta stdErr_i estCI tau_max ix+  | stdErr_i == 0.0 = pure dflt+  | otherwise = let (taus', thetas') = solLeft <> ([0], [theta_opt]) <> solRight+                    taus   = U.fromList taus'+                    thetas = thetas'+                    (tau2theta, theta2tau) = createSplines taus thetas stdErr_i tau_max ix+                in pure $ ProfileT taus thetas optTh tau2theta theta2tau+  where+    dflt      = ProfileT (U.fromList [-tau_max, tau_max]) [theta, theta] (theta U.! ix) (const (theta U.! ix)) (const tau_max)+    theta_opt = ctOptimizer et theta+    grader    = snd . ctGradNLL et+    nll_opt   = ctNLL et theta_opt+    optTh     = theta_opt U.! ix+    p         = U.length theta+    p'        = p + 1++    odeFun gamma _ u =+        let grad     = grader u+            w        = ctHessianNLL et u+            m        = [ U.generate p' (\i ->+                            if i < p && j < p then (w !! j) U.! i+                            else if i == ix || j == ix then 1+                            else 0+                          )+                       | j <- [0 .. p'-1] ]+            v        = U.snoc (U.map (*(-gamma)) grad) 1+            dotTheta = unsafePerformIO $ luSolve m v+        in U.init dotTheta++    minRange    = max (abs (upper_ estCI - optTh)) (abs (lower_ estCI - optTh))+    scanRange   = max minRange (tau_max * abs stdErr_i)+    nPts        = max 50 (min 100 (ceiling (scanRange / minRange * 49) + 1))+    tsHi = linSpace nPts (optTh, optTh + scanRange)+    tsLo = linSpace nPts (optTh, optTh - scanRange)+    scanOn sig = foldMap (calcTau sig) . f . scanl (rk (odeFun sig)) (optTh, theta_opt)+                    where f = if sig==1 then id else reverse+    solRight = scanOn 1 tsHi+    solLeft  = scanOn (-1) tsLo+    calcTau s t = let nll_i = ctNLL et (snd t)+                      z     = signum ((snd t U.! ix) - optTh) * sqrt (2 * nll_i - 2 * nll_opt)+                  in if z == 0 || isNaN z then ([], []) else ([z], [snd t])++rk :: (Double -> Target -> Target) -> (Double, Target) -> Double -> (Double, Target)+rk f (t, y) t' = (t', U.zipWith5 (\y0 k1 k2 k3 k4 -> y0 + h/6 * (k1 + 2*k2 + 2*k3 + k4)) y k1 k2 k3 k4)+  where+    h  = t' - t+    k1 = f t y+    k2 = f (t + 0.5*h) (U.zipWith (\y0 k -> y0 + 0.5*h*k) y k1)+    k3 = f (t + 0.5*h) (U.zipWith (\y0 k -> y0 + 0.5*h*k) y k2)+    k4 = f (t + 1.0*h) (U.zipWith (\y0 k -> y0 + 1.0*h*k) y k3)+{-# INLINE rk #-}++-- tau0, tau1 theta0, thetaX = tau1 theta0 / tau0+getStatsFromModel :: Distribution -> Maybe Target -> Columns -> Target -> Fix SRTree -> Target -> BasicStats+getStatsFromModel dist mYerr xss ys tree theta = MkStats cov corr stdErr+  where+    k = U.length theta+    n = U.length ys+    nParams = fromIntegral k+    ident = fromRowMajor k k (U.generate (k * k) (\ix -> let (i, j) = ix `divMod` k in if i == j then 1.0 else 0.0))++    hess = hessianNLL dist mYerr xss ys tree theta++    fexcept :: SomeException -> IO Columns+    fexcept e = trace ("cov NegDef" <> show (toRowMajor hess)) $ pure ident++    cov = unsafePerformIO $ catch (invChol hess) fexcept++    covMat = toRowMajor cov+    stdErr = U.generate k (\ix -> sqrt $ covMat U.! (ix * k + ix))++    stdErrSq = case outer stdErr stdErr of+      Right v -> v+      Left _ -> []++    stdErrSqMat = toRowMajor stdErrSq+    corr = fromRowMajor k k $ U.generate (k * k) (\ix -> covMat U.! ix / stdErrSqMat U.! ix)++-- Create splines for profile-t+createSplines :: Target -> Columns -> Double -> Double -> Int -> (Double -> Double, Double -> Double)+createSplines taus thetas se tau_max ix+  | n < 2 = (genSplineFun [(-tau_max, -se), (tau_max, se)], genSplineFun [(-se, 0), (se, 1)])+  | otherwise = (tau2theta, theta2tau)+  where+    n = U.length taus+    cols = getCol ix thetas+    nubOnFirst = nubBy (\x y -> fst x == fst y)+    tau2theta = genSplineFun $ nubOnFirst $ sortOnFirst taus cols+    theta2tau = genSplineFun $ nubOnFirst $ sortOnFirst cols taus++getCol :: Int -> Columns -> Target+getCol ix mtx = U.generate (length mtx) (\j -> (mtx !! j) U.! ix)+{-# inline getCol #-}++sortOnFirst :: Target -> Target -> [(Double, Double)]+sortOnFirst xs ys = sortOn fst $ zip (U.toList xs) (U.toList ys)+{-# inline sortOnFirst #-}++splinesSketches :: Double -> Target -> Target -> (Double -> Double) -> (Double -> Double)+splinesSketches tauScale (U.toList -> tau) (U.toList -> theta) theta2tau+  | length tau < 2 = id+  | otherwise = genSplineFun gpq+  where+    gpq = sortOn fst [ (x, acos y') | (x, y) <- zip tau theta, let y' = theta2tau y / tauScale, abs y' < 1 ]++approximateContour :: Int -> Int -> [ProfileT] -> Int -> Int -> Double -> [(Double, Double)]+approximateContour nParams nPoints profs ix1 ix2 alpha = go 0+  where+    (prof1, prof2) = (profs !! ix1, profs !! ix2)+    (tau2theta1, theta2tau1) = (_tau2theta prof1, _theta2tau prof1)+    (tau2theta2, theta2tau2) = (_tau2theta prof2, _theta2tau prof2)++    tauScale = sqrt (fromIntegral nParams * quantile (fDistribution nParams (fromIntegral nPoints - fromIntegral nParams)) (1 - alpha))+    splineG1 = splinesSketches tauScale (_taus prof2) (getCol ix1 (_thetas prof2)) theta2tau1+    splineG2 = splinesSketches tauScale (_taus prof1) (getCol ix2 (_thetas prof1)) theta2tau2++    angles = [ (0, splineG2 1), (splineG1 1, 0), (pi, splineG2 (-1)), (splineG1 (-1), pi) ]+    applyIfNeg (x, y) = if y < 0 then (-x, -y) else (x ,y)+    points' = [applyIfNeg ((x+y)/2, x - y) | (x, y) <- angles]+    points = sortOn fst $ points' <> maybe [] (\(x,y) -> [(x + 2*pi, y)]) (listToMaybe points')+    splineAD = genSplineFun points++    fmod a b = a - b * fromIntegral (truncate (a / b))++    tot = 100+    go 100 = []+    go ix = (p, q) : go (ix+1)+      where+        ai = fromIntegral ix * 2 * pi / 99 - pi+        di = splineAD ai+        t1i = tauScale * cos (ai + di)+        t2i = tauScale * cos (ai - di)+        p = tau2theta1 t1i+        q = tau2theta2 t2i+ 
+ src/Algorithm/SRTree/Likelihoods.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@+{-# LANGUAGE ViewPatterns #-}+{-# LANGUAGE TypeApplications #-}+{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}+{-# LANGUAGE UnboxedTuples #-}++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  AlgorithV.SRTree.Likelihoods +-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :  ConstraintKinds+--+-- Functions to calculate different likelihood functions, their gradient, and Hessian matrices.+--+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+module Algorithm.SRTree.Likelihoods+  ( Distribution (..)+  , Loss (..)+  , readLoss+  , Target+  , Columns+  , buildDistLoss+  , buildLoss+  , buildPredictor+  , fisherNLL+  , getSErr+  , hessianNLL+  )+    where++import Data.SRTree+import Data.SRTree.Recursion ( cata, accu )+import Data.SRTree.Derivative (deriveByParam, deriveByVar, derivative, derivOp)+import Data.SRTree.Eval+import qualified Data.IntMap.Strict as IntMap+import qualified Data.Vector.Storable as VS+import qualified Data.Vector.Storable.Mutable as VSM++import GHC.IO (unsafePerformIO)+import Data.Maybe+import Text.Read (readMaybe)++import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as V+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed.Mutable as VM+import Control.Concurrent (getNumCapabilities)+import Control.Concurrent.Async (forConcurrently)++import Debug.Trace+import Data.SRTree.Print+import Control.Monad.State.Strict+import Control.Monad.Identity++import Data.SRTree.Print+import qualified Data.Vector.Generic as G++-- | Supported distributions for negative log-likelihood.+-- | HGaussian is Gaussian with heteroscedasticity, where the error should be provided.+data Distribution = Gaussian | HGaussian | Bernoulli | Poisson | ROXY | LeastSquares+    deriving (Show, Read, Enum, Bounded, Eq)++-- | Loss functions used to build the per-row optimization objective (see+-- 'buildLoss'), to be used by e.g. "Algorithm.SRTree.Opt". 'NLL' wraps a+-- 'Distribution' to use its negative log-likelihood as the loss --+-- including the plain \'MSE\' and \'LOG10\' losses, reached via @NLL MSE@+-- and @NLL LOG10@ respectively (kept on 'Distribution', rather than+-- duplicated here, since Haskell does not allow two data constructors+-- with the same name -- 'MSE' and 'LOG10' -- to coexist in the same+-- module).+data Loss = MSE | LOG10 | MAE | MAPE | Pinball Double | NLL Distribution+    deriving (Show, Read, Eq)++instance Enum Loss where+    fromEnum MSE         = 0+    fromEnum LOG10       = 1+    fromEnum MAE         = 2+    fromEnum MAPE        = 3+    fromEnum (Pinball _) = 4+    fromEnum (NLL dist)  = 5 + fromEnum dist++    toEnum   0 = MSE+    toEnum   1 = LOG10+    toEnum   2 = MAE+    toEnum   3 = MAPE+    toEnum   4 = Pinball 0.95+    toEnum   x | x >= 5 = NLL (toEnum (x-5))++instance Bounded Loss where+    minBound = MSE+    maxBound = NLL ROXY++-- | Parse a loss from its CLI string.  Accepts both the direct 'Loss'+-- names ('MSE', 'LOG10', 'MAE', 'MAPE', @Pinball tau@) and the bare+-- 'Distribution' names ('Gaussian', 'HGaussian', 'Bernoulli', 'Poisson',+-- 'ROXY', 'LeastSquares'), which are wrapped in 'NLL'.+readLoss :: String -> Maybe Loss+readLoss s = case readMaybe s of+  Just l  -> Just l+  Nothing -> NLL <$> (readMaybe s :: Maybe Distribution)++-- | logistic function+logistic :: Floating a => a -> a+logistic x = 1 / (1 + exp (-x))+{-# inline logistic #-}++-- | get the standard error from a Maybe Double+-- if it is Nothing, estimate from the ssr, otherwise use the current value+-- For distributions other than Gaussian, it defaults to a constant 1+getSErr :: Num a => Distribution -> a -> Maybe a -> a+getSErr Gaussian est = fromMaybe est+getSErr _        _   = const 1+{-# inline getSErr #-}++-- negation of the sum of values in a vector+negSum :: Target -> Double+negSum = negate . V.sum+{-# inline negSum #-}++checkAssumptions :: Distribution -> Maybe Target ->  Target -> Bool+checkAssumptions Gaussian  _           _  = True+checkAssumptions HGaussian (Just yErr) _  = True+checkAssumptions HGaussian Nothing     _  = False+checkAssumptions Bernoulli _           ys = V.all (\x -> x /= 0 && x /= 1) ys+checkAssumptions Poisson   _           ys = V.all (>0) ys+checkAssumptions LeastSquares _         _  = True+checkAssumptions ROXY          mYerr       ys = isJust mYerr++-- WARNING: pass tree with parameters+-- TODO: handle error similar to ROXY++-- | Builds the per-row negative log-likelihood expression for a given+-- 'Distribution', to be summed across rows (e.g. by+-- 'Algorithm.SRTree.AD.evalGradMulti') and differentiated by automatic+-- differentiation. The special variable index @-1@ refers to the target+-- ('ys') and @-2@ to the target's measurement error ('yErr'), following+-- the convention used by "Algorithm.SRTree.AD".+--+-- 'buildLoss' delegates to this function for the @'NLL' dist@ loss.+buildDistLoss :: Distribution -> Double -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+buildDistLoss Gaussian m tree =  (square(tree - var (-1)) * (e (negate (param p)))) + (((param p)))+  where+    square = Fix . Uni Square+    e      = Fix. Uni Exp+    p      = countParamsUniq tree+buildDistLoss HGaussian m tree = (tree - var (-1)) ** 2 / var (-2) + constv m * log (2*pi* var (-2))+buildDistLoss Poisson m tree   = var (-1) * log (var (-1)) + exp tree - var (-1) * tree+buildDistLoss Bernoulli m tree = log (1 + exp (negate tree)) + (1 - var (-1)) * tree+buildDistLoss LeastSquares m tree = ((tree - var (-1)) ** 2) / constv m+buildDistLoss ROXY m tree      = neglogP+  where+    p        = countParamsUniq tree+    f        = log (abs tree) / log 10+    fprime   = deriveByVar 0 tree / (log 10 * tree) * var 0 * log 10+    logX     = var 1+    logY     = var 2+    logXErr  = var 3+    logYErr  = var 4+    sig      = param p+    mu_gauss = param (p+1)+    w_gauss  = param (p+2)+    w_gauss2 = w_gauss ** 2+    s2       = logYErr + sig ** 2+    den      = fprime ** 2 * w_gauss2 * logXErr + s2 * (w_gauss2 + logXErr)+    neglogP  = log (2*pi)+              + log den+              + ( w_gauss2 * (f - logY) * (f - logY)+                + logXErr * (fprime *(mu_gauss - logX) + f - logY)**2+                + s2 * (logX - mu_gauss) ** 2+                ) / den++-- | Builds the per-row loss expression for a given 'Loss', to be summed+-- across rows (e.g. by 'Algorithm.SRTree.AD.evalGradMulti') and+-- differentiated by automatic differentiation. Same special variable+-- convention as 'buildDistLoss'.+buildLoss :: Loss -> Double -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+buildLoss MSE m tree           = ((tree - var (-1)) ** 2) / constv m+buildLoss LOG10 m tree         = (((log (y / tree')) / log 10) ** 2) / constv m+  where+    tree' = (tree + sqrt(tree^2 + 1e-10))+    y     = (var (-1) + sqrt(var (-1) ^ 2 + 1e-10))++buildLoss MAE m tree           = abs (tree - var (-1)) / constv m++-- | Mean absolute percentage error. A small epsilon is added to the+-- denominator's magnitude to avoid division by zero when the target is+-- (close to) zero.+buildLoss MAPE m tree          = (abs (tree - var (-1)) / (abs (var (-1)) + constv 1e-8)) / constv m++-- | Pinball (quantile) loss for a residual @r = y - yhat@:+-- @tau * r@ if @r >= 0@, @(tau - 1) * r@ otherwise. Both cases are+-- captured in closed form by @0.5 * ((2*tau - 1) * r + abs r)@, which+-- avoids branching in the symbolic tree.+buildLoss (Pinball tau) m tree = ((constv (2*tau - 1) * r + abs r) / 2) / constv m+  where r                      = var (-1) - tree++buildLoss (NLL dist) m tree    = buildDistLoss dist m tree++-- | Builds the predictor expression from a fitted model tree by applying+-- the inverse link function implied by the 'Distribution': @exp@ for+-- 'Poisson', the logistic function for 'Bernoulli', and the identity+-- otherwise.+buildPredictor :: Distribution -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+buildPredictor Poisson   tree = exp tree+buildPredictor Bernoulli tree = 1 / (1 + exp (negate tree))+buildPredictor _         tree = tree++-- | Fisher information of negative log-likelihood+fisherNLL :: Distribution -> Maybe Target -> Columns -> Target -> Fix SRTree -> Target -> Target+fisherNLL ROXY mYerr xss ys tree theta = V.generate p finiteDiff+  where+    m             = V.length ys+    p             = V.length theta+    loss          = compileLoss xss (buildDistLoss ROXY (fromIntegral m) tree) ys mYerr+    f             = loss theta+    eps           = 1e-6+    finiteDiff ix = unsafePerformIO $ do+                      theta' <- V.thaw theta+                      v <- VM.read theta' ix+                      VM.write theta' ix (v + eps)+                      thetaPlus <- V.freeze theta'+                      VM.write theta' ix (v - eps)+                      thetaMinus <- V.freeze theta'+                      let fPlus     = loss thetaPlus+                          fMinus    = loss thetaMinus+                      pure $ (fPlus + fMinus - 2*f)/(eps*eps)+fisherNLL Gaussian mYerr xss ys tree theta = V.generate p finiteDiff+  where+    m             = V.length ys+    p             = V.length theta+    loss          = compileLoss xss (buildDistLoss Gaussian (fromIntegral m) tree) ys mYerr+    f             = loss theta+    eps           = 1e-6+    finiteDiff ix = unsafePerformIO $ do+                      theta' <- V.thaw theta+                      v <- VM.read theta' ix+                      VM.write theta' ix (v + eps)+                      thetaPlus <- V.freeze theta'+                      VM.write theta' ix (v - eps)+                      thetaMinus <- V.freeze theta'+                      let fPlus     = loss thetaPlus+                          fMinus    = loss thetaMinus+                      pure $ (fPlus + fMinus - 2*f)/(eps*eps)+fisherNLL dist mYerr xss ys tree theta = V.generate p build+  where+    build ix = let dtdix   = deriveByParam ix t'+                   d2tdix2 = deriveByParam ix dtdix +                   f'      = eval dtdix +                   f''     = eval d2tdix2 +               in V.sum $ phi' * f'^2 - res * f''+               --case dist of+               --     Gaussian -> V.sum . (/(theta V.! (p-1))) $ phi' * f'^2 - res * f''+               --     _        -> V.sum $ phi' * f'^2 - res * f''+    m      = V.length ys+    p      = V.length theta+    t'     = fst $ floatConstsToParam tree+    eval   = \t -> compile xss t theta+    yhat   = eval t'+    res    = ys - phi+    yErr   = case mYerr of+               Nothing -> V.replicate m est+               Just e  -> e+    est    = fromIntegral (m - p)++    (phi, phi') = case dist of+                    Gaussian      -> (yhat, V.replicate m 1)+                    LeastSquares  -> (yhat, V.replicate m 1)+                    Bernoulli     -> (logistic yhat, phi*(V.replicate m 1 - phi))+                    Poisson       -> (exp yhat, phi)++-- | Hessian of negative log-likelihood+--+-- Note, though the Fisher is just the diagonal of the return of this function+-- it is better to keep them as different functions for efficiency+hessianNLL :: Distribution -> Maybe Target -> Columns -> Target -> Fix SRTree -> Target -> Columns+hessianNLL ROXY mYerr xss ys tree theta = undefined+hessianNLL Gaussian mYerr xss ys tree theta = [V.generate p (build iy) | iy <- [0..p-1]]+  where+    build iy ix = let dtdix   = deriveByParam ix tree+                      dtdiy   = deriveByParam iy tree+                      d2tdixy = deriveByParam iy dtdix+                      fx      = eval dtdix+                      fy      = eval dtdiy+                      fxy     = eval d2tdixy+                   in if ix < p-1 && iy < p-1+                        then V.sum . (/yErr) $ fx * fy - res * fxy+                        else if ix == p-1 && iy == p-1+                               then (*0.5) . V.sum . (/ yErr ) $ res*res+                               else if ix == p-1+                                   then V.sum . (/yErr) $ res * fy+                                   else V.sum . (/yErr) $ res * fx+    m    = V.length ys+    p    = V.length theta+    yErr :: Target+    yErr = V.replicate m $ exp (theta V.! (p-1)) / est+    yhat = eval tree+    res  = ys - yhat+    eval = \t -> compile xss t theta+    est  = fromIntegral (m - p + 1)++hessianNLL dist mYerr xss ys tree theta = [V.generate p (build iy) | iy <- [0..p-1]]+  where+    build iy ix = let dtdix   = deriveByParam ix t' +                      dtdiy   = deriveByParam iy t' +                      d2tdixy = deriveByParam iy dtdix+                      fx      = eval dtdix +                      fy      = eval dtdiy +                      fxy     = eval d2tdixy +                    in case dist of+                         Gaussian -> V.sum . (/yErr) $ phi' * fx * fy - res * fxy+                         _        -> V.sum $ phi' * fx * fy - res * fxy++    m           = V.length ys+    p           = V.length theta+    t'          = tree -- relabelParams tree -- $ floatConstsToParam tree+    eval        = \t -> compile xss t theta+    yErr        = case mYerr of+                   Nothing -> V.replicate m est+                   Just e  -> e+    est         = fromIntegral (m - p)+    yhat        = eval t'+    res         = ys - phi++    (phi, phi') = case dist of+                    Gaussian      -> (yhat, V.replicate m 1)+                    LeastSquares  -> (yhat, V.replicate m 1)+                    Bernoulli     -> (logistic yhat, phi*(V.replicate m 1 - phi))+                    Poisson       -> (exp yhat, phi)+
+ src/Algorithm/SRTree/ModelSelection.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@+{-# LANGUAGE ViewPatterns #-}+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}+{-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase #-}+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Algorithm.SRTree.ModelSelection+-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :  ConstraintKinds+--+-- Helper functions for model selection criteria+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------++module Algorithm.SRTree.ModelSelection +    ( bic+    , aic+    , evidence+    , fractionalBayesFactor+    , mdl+    , mdlLatt+    , mdlFreq+    , logFunctional+    , logFunctionalFreq+    , ModelEval (..)+    , module Algorithm.SRTree.Compile+    ) where++import Algorithm.SRTree.Utils ( det )+import Algorithm.SRTree.Likelihoods+    ( fisherNLL, hessianNLL+    , Distribution(..), Loss(..), buildDistLoss+    )+import Data.SRTree+import Data.SRTree.Eval (Target, Columns, compileLoss)+import Data.SRTree.Recursion (cata)+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as U+import Algorithm.SRTree.Compile++import Debug.Trace++-- | Bayesian information criterion+bic :: EvaluatedTree -> Double+bic et = valParams et * log (valRows et) + 2 * valLoss et+{-# INLINE bic #-}++-- | Akaike information criterion+aic :: EvaluatedTree -> Double+aic et = 2 * valParams et + 2 * valLoss et+{-# INLINE aic #-}++-- | Evidence+evidence :: EvaluatedTree -> Double+evidence et = (1 - b) * valLoss et - valParams et / 2 * log b+  where+    b = 1 / sqrt (valRows et)+{-# INLINE evidence #-}++fractionalBayesFactor :: EvaluatedTree -> Double+fractionalBayesFactor et = (1 - b) * valLoss et - valParams et / 2 * log b + f_compl + valParams et / 2 * log(2*pi*nup)+  where+    b = 1 / sqrt (valRows et)+    nup = exp(1 - log 3)+    f_compl = countNodes (valTree et) * log (countUniqueTokens (valTree et))+{-# INLINE fractionalBayesFactor #-}++-- | MDL as described in+-- Bartlett, Deaglan J., Harry Desmond, and Pedro G. Ferreira. "Exhaustive symbolic regression." IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation (2023).+mdl :: EvaluatedTree -> Double+mdl et = valLoss et + logFunctional (valTree et) + valLogParams et+{-# INLINE mdl #-}++-- | MDL Lattice as described in+-- Bartlett, Deaglan, Harry Desmond, and Pedro Ferreira. "Priors for symbolic regression." Proceedings of the Companion Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation. 2023.+mdlLatt :: EvaluatedTree -> Double+mdlLatt et = valLoss et + logFunctional (valTree et) + valLogParamsLattice et+{-# INLINE mdlLatt #-}++-- | same as `mdl` but weighting the functional structure by frequency calculated using a wiki information of+-- physics and engineering functions+mdlFreq :: EvaluatedTree -> Double+mdlFreq et = valLoss et + logFunctionalFreq (valTree et) + valLogParams et+{-# INLINE mdlFreq #-}++-- | The possible metrics used to evaluate\/select a fitted model,+-- ranging from plain loss functions ('EvalLoss', wrapping any 'Loss' --+-- including a distribution's negative log-likelihood via @EvalLoss (NLL+-- dist)@) to the error metrics and model-selection criteria already+-- provided by this module ('RMSE', 'R2', 'AIC', 'BIC', 'Evidence', 'FBF',+-- 'MDL', 'MDLLatt', 'MDLFreq').+data ModelEval+  = RMSE+  | R2+  | AIC+  | BIC+  | Evidence+  | FBF+  | MDL+  | MDLLatt+  | MDLFreq+  | EvalLoss Loss+  deriving (Show, Read, Eq)++instance Enum ModelEval where+    fromEnum RMSE         = 0+    fromEnum R2           = 1+    fromEnum AIC          = 2+    fromEnum BIC          = 3+    fromEnum Evidence     = 4+    fromEnum FBF          = 5+    fromEnum MDL          = 6+    fromEnum MDLLatt      = 7+    fromEnum MDLFreq      = 8+    fromEnum (EvalLoss l) = 9 + fromEnum l++    toEnum   0 = RMSE+    toEnum   1 = R2+    toEnum   2 = AIC+    toEnum   3 = BIC+    toEnum   4 = Evidence+    toEnum   5 = FBF+    toEnum   6 = MDL+    toEnum   7 = MDLLatt+    toEnum   8 = MDLFreq+    toEnum   x | x >= 9 = EvalLoss (toEnum (x-9))++instance Bounded ModelEval where+    minBound = RMSE+    maxBound = EvalLoss maxBound++-- | Evaluates the requested 'ModelEval' metric.+--+-- for 'RMSE', and 'R2' the tree must have been compiled+-- with MSE loss.++evalModelSelection :: ModelEval -> EvaluatedTree -> Double+evalModelSelection (EvalLoss MAE)           et = valLoss et+evalModelSelection (EvalLoss MAPE)          et = valLoss et+evalModelSelection (EvalLoss (Pinball tau)) et = valLoss et+evalModelSelection (EvalLoss (NLL dist))    et = valLoss et+evalModelSelection RMSE                     et = sqrt (valLoss et) -- assumes MSE+evalModelSelection R2                       et = 1 - (valRows et * valLoss et) / valVar et -- assumes MSE+evalModelSelection AIC                      et = aic et+evalModelSelection BIC                      et = bic et+evalModelSelection Evidence                 et = evidence et+evalModelSelection FBF                      et = fractionalBayesFactor et+evalModelSelection MDL                      et = mdl et+evalModelSelection MDLLatt                  et = mdlLatt et+evalModelSelection MDLFreq                  et = mdlFreq et+{-# INLINE evalModelSelection #-}++-- log of the functional complexity+logFunctional :: Fix SRTree -> Double+logFunctional tree = countNodes tree * log (countUniqueTokens tree') + foldr (\c acc -> log (abs c) + acc) 0 consts  + log(2) * numberOfConsts+  where+    tree' = fst $ floatConstsToParam tree+    consts = getIntConsts tree+    numberOfConsts = fromIntegral $ length consts+{-# INLINE logFunctional #-}++-- same as above but weighted by frequency+logFunctionalFreq :: Fix SRTree -> Double+logFunctionalFreq tree = treeToNat tree'  + foldr (\c acc -> log (abs c) + acc) 0 consts  + countVarNodes tree * log (numberOfVars tree)+  where+    tree' = fst $ floatConstsToParam tree+    consts = getIntConsts tree+{-# INLINE logFunctionalFreq #-}+++treeToNat :: Fix SRTree -> Double+treeToNat = cata $ \case+  Uni f t -> funToNat f + t+  Bin op l r -> opToNat op + l + r+  _ -> 0.6610799229372109+  where+    opToNat :: Op -> Double+    opToNat Add = 2.500842464597881+    opToNat Sub = 2.500842464597881+    opToNat Mul = 1.720356134912558+    opToNat Div = 2.60436883851265+    opToNat Power = 2.527957363394847+    opToNat PowerAbs = 2.527957363394847+    opToNat AQ = 2.60436883851265++    funToNat :: Function -> Double+    funToNat Sqrt = 4.780867285331753+    funToNat Log = 4.765599813200964+    funToNat Exp = 4.788589331425663+    funToNat Abs = 6.352564869783006+    funToNat Sin = 5.9848400896576885+    funToNat Cos = 5.474014465891698+    funToNat Sinh = 8.038963823353235+    funToNat Cosh = 8.262107374667444+    funToNat Tanh = 7.85664226655928+    funToNat Tan = 8.262107374667444+    funToNat _ = 8.262107374667444+{-# INLINE treeToNat #-}
+ src/Algorithm/SRTree/NonlinearOpt.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@+{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Algorithm.SRTree.Opt +-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :  ConstraintKinds+--+-- Functions to optimize the parameters of an expression.+--+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+module Algorithm.SRTree.NonlinearOpt+    where++import Algorithm.SRTree.Likelihoods+import Numeric.Optimization.NLOPT+import Data.Bifunctor (bimap, second)+import Data.SRTree (Fix (..), SRTree (..), floatConstsToParam, relabelParams, countNodes, convertProtectedOps)+import Data.SRTree.Eval+import Algorithm.SRTree.AD++import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as V+import qualified Data.Vector.Storable as VS+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed.Mutable as VM+import qualified Data.Vector.Generic as G++import qualified Data.IntMap.Strict as IntMap+import Data.SRTree.Recursion+import Control.Monad.State.Strict+import Control.Monad.Identity++import Debug.Trace++minimizeNLLWith :: (VS.Vector Double -> (Double, VS.Vector Double)) -> (ObjectiveD -> (Maybe VectorStorage) -> LocalAlgorithm) -> Int -> Target -> (Target, Double, Int)+minimizeNLLWith funAndGrad alg niter t0+  | niter == 0 = (t0, f, 0)+  | n == 0     = (t0, f, 0)+  | otherwise  = (t_opt', fst (funAndGrad t_opt), nEvs)+  where+    t0'        = G.convert t0+    n          = V.length t0++    (f, _)     = funAndGrad t0' -- if there's no parameter or no iterations++    algorithm  = alg funAndGrad (Just $ VectorStorage $ fromIntegral n)+    stop       = ObjectiveRelativeTolerance 1e-6 :| [ObjectiveAbsoluteTolerance 1e-6, MaximumEvaluations (fromIntegral niter)]+    problem    = LocalProblem (fromIntegral n) stop algorithm+    (t_opt, nEvs) = case minimizeLocal problem t0' of+                      Right sol -> (solutionParams sol, nEvals sol)+                      Left e    -> (t0', 0)+    t_opt'      = G.convert t_opt+{-# INLINE minimizeNLLWith #-}++-- | minimizes the negative log-likelihood of the expression+minimizeNLL' :: (ObjectiveD -> (Maybe VectorStorage) -> LocalAlgorithm) -> ADBackEnd -> Loss -> Maybe Target -> Int -> Columns -> Target -> Fix SRTree -> Target -> (Target, Double, Int)+minimizeNLL' alg backend dist mYerr niter xss ys tree t0 = minimizeNLLWith funAndGrad alg niter t0+  where+    m          = V.length ys+    tree'      = buildLoss dist (fromIntegral m) tree+    funAndGrad = compileFunAndGrad backend xss ys mYerr tree'+ ++minimizeNLL :: ADBackEnd -> Loss -> Maybe Target -> Int -> Columns -> Target -> Fix SRTree -> Target -> (Target, Double, Int)+minimizeNLL = minimizeNLL' TNEWTON++minimizeNLLWithFixedParam' :: (ObjectiveD -> (Maybe VectorStorage) -> LocalAlgorithm) -> ADBackEnd -> Loss -> Maybe Target -> Int -> Columns -> Target -> Fix SRTree -> Int -> Target -> Target+minimizeNLLWithFixedParam' alg backend dist mYerr' niter xss' ys' tree ix t0 = result+  where+    m          = V.length ys'+    tree'      = buildLoss dist (fromIntegral m) tree+    fixedVal   = t0 V.! ix+    p          = V.length t0++    evalFull   = compileFunAndGrad backend xss' ys' mYerr' tree'++    wrapRed thRed = let (lo, hi) = VS.splitAt ix thRed+                    in (lo `VS.snoc` fixedVal) VS.++ hi+    unwrapRed th  = let (lo, hi) = VS.splitAt ix th+                    in lo VS.++ VS.tail hi++    wrap thRed = let (lo, hi) = V.splitAt ix thRed  in (lo `V.snoc` fixedVal) V.++ hi+    unwrap th  = let (lo, hi) = V.splitAt ix th      in lo V.++ V.tail hi++    fgRed :: VS.Vector Double -> (Double, VS.Vector Double)+    fgRed thRed =+      let thFull        = wrapRed thRed+          (nll, gradFull) = evalFull thFull+          gradRed       = unwrapRed gradFull+      in (nll, gradRed)++    t0Red = unwrap t0+    (tRawRed,_,_) = minimizeNLLWith fgRed alg niter t0Red+    result = wrap tRawRed++minimizeNLLWithFixedParam = minimizeNLLWithFixedParam' TNEWTON+
+ src/Algorithm/SRTree/Utils.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@+{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}+module Algorithm.SRTree.Utils where++import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as U+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed.Mutable as UM+import Control.Monad+import Control.Monad.Catch+import Control.Monad.Primitive+import Control.Monad.IO.Class+import System.IO.Unsafe++-- taken from https://hackage.haskell.org/package/cubicspline-0.1.2+import Control.Arrow+import Data.List (unfoldr)++import Data.SRTree.Eval+import Debug.Trace (traceShow)++-- | Internal helper to get dimensions (rows, columns)+matSize :: Columns -> (Int, Int)+matSize [] = (0, 0)+matSize cs@(c:_) = (U.length c, length cs)++getRows :: Columns -> [Target]+getRows mtx+  | n == 0 = []+  | otherwise = [ U.fromListN n [ c U.! i | c <- mtx ] | i <- [0 .. m - 1] ]+  where (m, n) = matSize mtx+{-# INLINE getRows #-}++getCols :: Columns -> [Target]+getCols = id+{-# INLINE getCols #-}++appendRow :: MonadThrow m => Columns -> Target -> m Columns+appendRow xs v = pure $ zipWith U.snoc xs (U.toList v)+{-# INLINE appendRow #-}++appendCol :: MonadThrow m => Columns -> Target -> m Columns+appendCol xs v = pure $ xs ++ [v]+{-# INLINE appendCol #-}++updateS :: Target -> [(Int, Double)] -> Target+updateS vec new = vec U.// new++linSpace :: Int -> (Double, Double) -> [Double]+linSpace num (lo, hi) = Prelude.take num $ iterate (\x -> x + step) lo+  where step = (hi - lo) / (fromIntegral num - 1)+{-# INLINE linSpace #-}++outer :: (MonadThrow m) => Target -> Target -> m Columns+outer arr1 arr2+  | U.null arr1 || U.null arr2 = pure []+  | otherwise = pure [ U.map (* (arr2 U.! j)) arr1 | j <- [0 .. U.length arr2 - 1] ]+{-# INLINE outer #-}++-- | Flatten list of column vectors to a row-major U.Vector Double+toRowMajor :: Columns -> U.Vector Double+toRowMajor cols = U.generate (m * n) (\ix -> let (i, j) = ix `divMod` n in (cols !! j) U.! i)+  where (m, n) = matSize cols++-- | Restore a row-major continuous U.Vector Double back to Columns+fromRowMajor :: Int -> Int -> U.Vector Double -> Columns+fromRowMajor m n vec = [ U.generate m (\i -> vec U.! (i * n + j)) | j <- [0 .. n - 1] ]++unsafeRead :: PrimMonad m => Int -> UM.MVector (PrimState m) Double -> (Int, Int) -> m Double+unsafeRead stride arr (i, j) = UM.unsafeRead arr (i * stride + j)+{-# INLINE unsafeRead #-}++unsafeWrite :: PrimMonad m => Int -> UM.MVector (PrimState m) Double -> (Int, Int) -> Double -> m ()+unsafeWrite stride arr (i, j) val = UM.unsafeWrite arr (i * stride + j) val+{-# INLINE unsafeWrite #-}++det :: Columns -> Double+det mtx+  | m == 0 || n == 0 = 1+  | otherwise = (^2) $ product [ (toRowMajor l) U.! (i * n + i) | i <- [0 .. m - 1] ]+  where+    (m, n) = matSize mtx+    (l, _) = unsafePerformIO (lu mtx)++detChol :: Columns -> Double+detChol mtx+  | m == 0 || n == 0 = 1+  | otherwise = (^2) $ product [ (toRowMajor cho) U.! (i * m + i) | i <- [0 .. m - 1] ]+  where+    (m, n) = matSize mtx+    cho = unsafePerformIO (cholesky mtx)+{-# INLINE det #-}++rangedLinearDotProd :: PrimMonad m => Int -> Int -> Int -> UM.MVector (PrimState m) Double -> m Double+rangedLinearDotProd r1 r2 len arr = go 0 0+  where+    go !acc k+      | k < len = do+          x <- UM.unsafeRead arr (r1 + k)+          y <- UM.unsafeRead arr (r2 + k)+          go (acc + x * y) (k + 1)+      | otherwise = pure acc+{-# INLINE rangedLinearDotProd #-}++data NegDef = NegDef deriving Show+instance Exception NegDef++cholesky :: (PrimMonad m, MonadThrow m, MonadIO m) => Columns -> m Columns+cholesky arr+  | m /= n = error $ "cholesky dimension mismatch " <> show m <> " X " <> show n+  | m == 0 = pure []+  | otherwise = do+      l <- UM.new (m * m)+      let orig = toRowMajor arr+      forM_ [0 .. m - 1] $ \i ->+        forM_ [0 .. m - 1] $ \j ->+          if i < j then unsafeWrite m l (i, j) 0+          else do+            let cur = orig U.! (i * m + j)+                rowI = i * m+                rowJ = j * m+            xjj <- UM.unsafeRead l (rowJ + j)+            tot <- rangedLinearDotProd rowI rowJ j l+            let delta = cur - tot+            if i == j+              then if delta <= 0+                   then throwM NegDef+                   else UM.unsafeWrite l (rowI + j) (sqrt delta)+              else UM.unsafeWrite l (rowI + j) (delta / xjj)+      frozen <- U.unsafeFreeze l+      pure $ fromRowMajor m m frozen+  where (m, n) = matSize arr+{-# INLINE cholesky #-}++invChol :: (PrimMonad m, MonadThrow m, MonadIO m) => Columns -> m Columns+invChol arr = do+  lMtx <- cholesky arr+  let (m, _) = matSize arr+  mtx <- U.thaw (toRowMajor lMtx)+  forM_ [0 .. m - 1] $ \i -> do+    lII <- unsafeRead m mtx (i, i)+    unsafeWrite m mtx (i, i) (1 / lII)+    forM_ [0 .. i - 1] $ \j -> do+      tot <- rangedLinearDotProd (i * m + j) (j * m + j) (i - j) mtx+      unsafeWrite m mtx (j, i) ((-tot) / lII)+      unsafeWrite m mtx (i, j) 0++  mm <- UM.replicate (m * m) 0+  forM_ [0 .. m - 1] $ \i -> do+    dii <- rangedLinearDotProd (i * m + i) (i * m + i) (m - i) mtx+    unsafeWrite m mm (i, i) dii+    forM_ [i + 1 .. m - 1] $ \j -> do+      dij <- rangedLinearDotProd (i * m + j) (j * m + j) (m - j) mtx+      unsafeWrite m mm (i, j) dij+      unsafeWrite m mm (j, i) dij+  frozen <- U.unsafeFreeze mm+  pure $ fromRowMajor m m frozen+{-# INLINE invChol #-}++lu :: (PrimMonad m, MonadThrow m, MonadIO m) => Columns -> m (Columns, Columns)+lu mtx = do+  let (m, n) = matSize mtx+      orig = toRowMajor mtx+  u <- UM.replicate (m * n) 0+  forM_ [0 .. min m n - 1] $ \i -> unsafeWrite n u (i, i) 1+  l <- UM.replicate (m * n) 0++  let buildLVal !i !j = do+        let go !k !s+              | k == j = pure s+              | otherwise = do+                  lik <- unsafeRead n l (i, k)+                  ukj <- unsafeRead n u (k, j)+                  go (k+1) (s + lik * ukj)+        s' <- go 0 0+        unsafeWrite n l (i, j) ((orig U.! (i * n + j)) - s')++      buildL !i !j = when (i /= m) $ do+        buildLVal i j+        buildL (i+1) j++      buildUVal !i !j = do+        let go !k !s+              | k == j = pure s+              | otherwise = do+                  ljk <- unsafeRead n l (j, k)+                  uki <- unsafeRead n u (k, i)+                  go (k+1) (s + ljk * uki)+        s' <- go 0 0+        ljj <- unsafeRead n l (j, j)+        unsafeWrite n u (j, i) (((orig U.! (j * n + i)) - s') / ljj)++      buildU !i !j = when (i /= n) $ do+        buildUVal i j+        buildU (i+1) j++      buildLU !j = when (j /= n && j /= m) $ do+        buildL j j+        buildU j j+        buildLU (j+1)++  buildLU 0+  finalL <- U.unsafeFreeze l+  finalU <- U.unsafeFreeze u+  pure (fromRowMajor m n finalL, fromRowMajor m n finalU)++forwardSub :: (PrimMonad m, MonadThrow m, MonadIO m) => Columns -> Target -> m Target+forwardSub a b = do+  let m = U.length b+      n = length a+      aMat = toRowMajor a+  x <- UM.replicate m 0+  let coeff !i !j !s+        | j == i = pure s+        | otherwise = do+            let aij = aMat U.! (i * n + j)+            xj <- UM.unsafeRead x j+            coeff i (j+1) (s + aij * xj)+      go !i = when (i /= m) $ do+        let bi = b U.! i+            aii = aMat U.! (i * n + i)+        c <- coeff i 0 0+        UM.unsafeWrite x i ((bi - c) / aii)+        go (i+1)+  go 0+  U.unsafeFreeze x++backwardSub :: (PrimMonad m, MonadThrow m, MonadIO m) => Columns -> Target -> m Target+backwardSub a b = do+  let m = U.length b+      n = length a+      aMat = toRowMajor a+  x <- UM.replicate m 0+  let coeff !i !j !s+        | j == m = pure s+        | otherwise = do+            let aij = aMat U.! (i * n + j)+            xj <- UM.unsafeRead x j+            coeff i (j+1) (s + aij * xj)+      go !i = when (i >= 0) $ do+        let bi = b U.! i+            aii = aMat U.! (i * n + i)+        c <- coeff i (i+1) 0+        UM.unsafeWrite x i ((bi - c) / aii)+        go (i-1)+  go (m-1)+  U.unsafeFreeze x++luSolve :: (PrimMonad m, MonadThrow m, MonadIO m) => Columns -> Target -> m Target+luSolve a b = do+  (l, u) <- lu a+  forwardSub l b >>= backwardSub u++type PolyCos = (Double, Double, Double)++cubicSplineCoefficients :: [(Double, Double)] -> [PolyCos]+cubicSplineCoefficients xs = Prelude.zip3 x y z'+  where+    x = map fst xs+    y = map snd xs+    xdiff = zipWith (-) (tail x) x+    xdiff' = U.fromList xdiff++    dydx :: U.Vector Double+    dydx = U.fromList $ Prelude.zipWith3 (\y0 y1 xd -> (y0 - y1) / xd) (tail y) y xdiff++    n = length x++    w :: [Double]+    w = 0 : nextW 1 w+      where+        nextW ix (wi : t)+          | ix == n - 1 = []+          | otherwise =+              let m = (xdiff' U.! (ix - 1)) * (2 - wi) + 2 * (xdiff' U.! ix)+                  wn = (xdiff' U.! ix) / m+              in wn : nextW (ix + 1) t++    z :: [Double]+    z = 0 : nextZ 1 z+      where+        nextZ ix (zi : t)+          | ix == n - 1 = [0]+          | otherwise =+              let m = (xdiff' U.! (ix - 1)) * (2 - (w !! (ix - 1))) + 2 * (xdiff' U.! ix)+                  zn = (6 * ((dydx U.! ix) - (dydx U.! (ix - 1))) - (xdiff' U.! (ix - 1)) * zi) / m+              in zn : nextZ (ix + 1) t++    z' :: [Double]+    z' = Prelude.reverse $ 0 : [z !! i - w !! i * z !! (i + 1) | i <- [n - 2, n - 3 .. 0]]++chunkBy :: Int -> [t] -> [[t]]+chunkBy n = unfoldr go+  where+    go [] = Nothing+    go x = Just $ splitAt n x++genSplineFun :: [(Double, Double)] -> Double -> Double+genSplineFun pts x+  | length xs < 2 = x+  | x < head xs   = y1 + (x - x1) * (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1)+  | x > last xs   = y_1 + (x - x_1) * (y_n - y_1) / (x_n - x_1)+  | otherwise     = go xs $ zip coefs (tail coefs)+  where+    xs = map fst pts+    ys = map snd pts+    coefs = cubicSplineCoefficients pts+    x1 = head xs;  y1 = head ys+    x2 = xs !! 1;  y2 = ys !! 1+    x_1 = xs !! (len - 2);  y_1 = ys !! (len - 2)+    x_n = last xs;          y_n = last ys+    len = length xs++    evalAt (a1, b1, c1) (a2, b2, c2) y =+      let hi1 = a2 - a1+      in c1 / (6 * hi1) * (a2 - y)^3 + c2 / (6 * hi1) * (y - a1)^3 ++         (b2 / hi1 - c2 * hi1 / 6) * (y - a1) + (b1 / hi1 - c1 * hi1 / 6) * (a2 - y)++    go [x1, x2] [(c1, c2)] = evalAt c1 c2 x+    go (x1 : x2 : xs') ((c1, c2) : cs)+      | x >= x1 && x <= x2 = evalAt c1 c2 x+      | otherwise          = go (x2 : xs') cs
src/Data/SRTree.hs view
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | -- Module      :  Data.SRTree --- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2021+-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024 -- License     :  BSD3 -- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com -- Stability   :  experimental@@ -16,28 +16,29 @@          , Op(..)          , param          , var+         , constv          , arity          , getChildren+         , childrenOf+         , replaceChildren+         , getOperator          , countNodes          , countVarNodes          , countConsts          , countParams+         , countParamsUniq          , countOccurrences-         , deriveBy-         , deriveByVar-         , deriveByParam-         , derivative-         , forwardMode-         , gradParamsFwd-         , gradParamsRev-         , evalFun-         , evalOp-         , inverseFunc-         , evalTree+         , countUniqueTokens+         , numberOfVars+         , getIntConsts          , relabelParams+         , relabelParamsOrder+         , relabelVars          , constsToParam          , floatConstsToParam          , paramsToConst+         , removeProtectedOps+         , convertProtectedOps          , Fix (..)          )          where@@ -48,27 +49,28 @@          , Op(..)          , param          , var+         , constv          , arity          , getChildren+         , childrenOf+         , replaceChildren+         , getOperator          , countNodes          , countVarNodes          , countConsts          , countParams+         , countParamsUniq          , countOccurrences-         , deriveBy-         , deriveByVar-         , deriveByParam-         , derivative-         , forwardMode-         , gradParamsFwd-         , gradParamsRev-         , evalFun-         , evalOp-         , inverseFunc-         , evalTree+         , countUniqueTokens+         , numberOfVars+         , getIntConsts          , relabelParams+         , relabelParamsOrder+         , relabelVars          , constsToParam          , floatConstsToParam          , paramsToConst+         , removeProtectedOps+         , convertProtectedOps          , Fix (..)          )
+ src/Data/SRTree/Datasets.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@+{-# language ImportQualifiedPost #-}+{-# language ViewPatterns #-}+{-# language OverloadedStrings #-}+{-# language BlockArguments #-}+{-# language ExplicitForAll #-}+{-# language BangPatterns #-}+{-# language LambdaCase #-}+{-# language RankNTypes, ScopedTypeVariables #-}+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Data.SRTree.Datasets+-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :  FlexibleInstances, DeriveFunctor, ScopedTypeVariables, ConstraintKinds+--+-- Utility library to handle regression datasets+-- this module exports only the `loadDataset` function.+--+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+module Data.SRTree.Datasets ( loadDataset, loadTrainingOnly, getX, splitData, DataSet(..), splitFileNameParams, getRows, getColumns )+    where++import Codec.Compression.GZip (decompress)+import Data.ByteString.Char8 qualified as B+import Data.ByteString.Lazy qualified as BS+import Data.List (delete, find, intercalate)+import Data.Maybe (fromJust)+import Data.Ratio ((%))+import Data.Vector.Unboxed (Vector)+import qualified Data.Vector as VB+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as V+import System.FilePath (takeExtension)+import Text.Read (readMaybe)+import Control.Monad.State.Strict+import System.Random+import qualified Data.Vector.Primitive as VP+import Data.Foldable qualified as Foldable+import Data.Primitive.Array qualified as Array+import Control.Monad.ST (runST)+import Control.Monad.ST.Strict (ST)++-- a dataset is a triple (X, y, y_error)+type DataSet = ([Vector Double], Vector Double, Maybe (Vector Double))++-- | Loads a list of list of bytestrings to a matrix of double+loadMtx :: [[B.ByteString]] -> [Vector Double]+loadMtx []     = []+loadMtx rows   = map V.fromList+               $ foldr (zipWith (:) . map parseDouble) (replicate ncols []) rows+  where ncols = length (head rows)+{-# INLINE loadMtx #-}++-- | Powers of ten as exact 'Integer's, precomputed once and shared by every+-- 'parseDouble' call. The per-value @10 ^ k@ exponentiation previously ran a+-- growing-Integer multiply loop on every parsed number, which showed up as a+-- measurable chunk of the corpus-load allocation. The table is the exact same+-- integer, so conversions stay bit-identical.+maxPow10 :: Int+maxPow10 = 400++pow10 :: VB.Vector Integer+pow10 = VB.generate (maxPow10 + 1) (\k -> 10 ^ k)+{-# NOINLINE pow10 #-}++-- | @10^k@ as an exact 'Integer'; falls back to direct exponentiation for+-- exponents beyond the precomputed range (only reachable with absurd inputs).+pow10E :: Int -> Integer+pow10E k | k >= 0 && k <= maxPow10 = VB.unsafeIndex pow10 k+         | otherwise               = 10 ^ k+{-# INLINE pow10E #-}++-- | Fast decimal double parser over a 'B.ByteString'. Handles an optional+-- sign, a fractional part and an optional 'e'/'E' exponent. The mantissa is+-- accumulated exactly as an 'Integer' and converted to 'Double' through a+-- single 'fromRational', which matches the correctly-rounded result of 'read'.+-- Falls back to 'read' (the slow Show-derived parser) for anything it can't+-- parse (NaN, Infinity, hex floats, etc.), so behavior is unchanged for odd+-- input.+parseDouble :: B.ByteString -> Double+parseDouble bs = case go 0 1 0 False 0 of+  Just (m, s, nd, e)+    -- when e >= nd the rational m * 10^e / 10^nd is an exact integer, so a+    -- single fromInteger is bit-identical to fromRational (which would only+    -- gcd-reduce it) but skips the rational machinery entirely.+    | e >= nd   -> fromInteger (s * (m * pow10E (e - nd)))+    -- otherwise the value is m / 10^(nd-e); keep fromRational so the single+    -- rounding matches `read` exactly (a Double division by a rounded power+    -- of ten would be off by up to an ulp).+    | otherwise -> fromRational (s * m % (pow10E (nd - e)))+  Nothing -> read (B.unpack bs)+  where+    n = B.length bs+    -- i: index, sgn: +/-1, acc: accumulated mantissa digits (exact Integer),+    -- dot: whether a '.' has been seen, nd: number of digits following the+    -- decimal point, expo: signed integer exponent from the 'e' tail+    go :: Int -> Integer -> Integer -> Bool -> Int -> Maybe (Integer, Integer, Int, Int)+    go !i !sgn !acc !dot !nd+      | i >= n    = Just (acc, sgn, nd, 0)+      | otherwise =+          let c = fromEnum (B.index bs i)+          in case c of+               45 -> if i == 0 then go (i+1) (-sgn) acc dot nd else Nothing -- '-'+               43 -> if i == 0 then go (i+1) sgn acc dot nd else Nothing -- '+'+               46 -> if dot then Nothing else go (i+1) sgn acc True nd -- '.'+               _  | c >= 48 && c <= 57 ->+                      let d = fromIntegral (c - 48) :: Integer+                          nd' = if dot then nd + 1 else nd+                      in go (i+1) sgn (acc * 10 + d) dot nd'+                  | (c == 101 || c == 69) && i > 0 -> -- 'e' / 'E'+                      parseExp (i+1) sgn acc dot nd+                  | otherwise -> Nothing+    -- parse the (optional) exponent tail: an optional sign then digits+    parseExp :: Int -> Integer -> Integer -> Bool -> Int -> Maybe (Integer, Integer, Int, Int)+    parseExp !i !sgn !acc !dot !nd+      | i >= n    = Just (acc, sgn, nd, 0)+      | otherwise =+          let c = fromEnum (B.index bs i)+          in case c of+               45 -> expDig (i+1) sgn acc dot nd (-1) 0 -- '-'+               43 -> expDig (i+1) sgn acc dot nd 1 0 -- '+'+               _   -> expDig i sgn acc dot nd 1 0+      where+        -- es: exponent sign (+/-1); e: accumulated exponent magnitude+        expDig :: Int -> Integer -> Integer -> Bool -> Int -> Int -> Int -> Maybe (Integer, Integer, Int, Int)+        expDig !i !sgn !acc !dot !nd !es !e+          | i >= n    = Just (acc, sgn, nd, es * e)+          | otherwise =+              let c = fromEnum (B.index bs i)+              in if c >= 48 && c <= 57+                   then expDig (i+1) sgn acc dot nd es (e * 10 + fromIntegral (c - 48))+                   else Nothing++-- | Returns true if the extension is .gz+isGZip :: FilePath -> Bool+isGZip = (== ".gz") . takeExtension+{-# INLINE isGZip #-}++-- | Detects the separator automatically by +--   checking whether the use of each separator generates+--   the same amount of SRMatrix in every row and at least two SRMatrix.+--+--  >>> detectSep ["x1,x2,x3,x4"] +-- ','+detectSep :: [B.ByteString] -> Char+detectSep xss = go seps+  where+    seps = [' ','\t','|',':',';',',']+    xss' = map B.strip xss++    -- consistency check whether all rows have the same+    -- number of columns when spliting by this sep +    allSameLen []     = True+    allSameLen (y:ys) = y /= 1 && all (==y) ys++    go []     = error $ "CSV parsing error: unsupported separator. Supporter separators are "+                      <> intercalate "," (map show seps)+    go (c:cs) = if allSameLen $ map (length . B.split c) xss'+                   then c+                   else go cs+{-# INLINE detectSep #-}++-- | reads a file and returns a list of list of `ByteString`+-- corresponding to each element of the matrix.+-- The first row can be a header. +readFileToLines :: FilePath -> IO [[B.ByteString]]+readFileToLines filename = do+  content <- removeBEmpty . toLines . toStrict . unzip <$> BS.readFile filename+  let sep = getSep content+  pure . removeEmpty . map (B.split sep) $ content+  where+      getSep       = detectSep . take 100 -- use only first 100 rows to detect separator+      removeBEmpty = filter (not . B.null)+      removeEmpty  = filter (not . null)+      toLines      = B.split '\n'+      unzip        = if isGZip filename then decompress else id+      -- lazy -> strict without going through a [Word8]/[Char] list (the old+      -- B.pack . map toEnum . BS.unpack round trip allocated ~1GB on a 14MB+      -- CSV); BS.toStrict is a single O(n) copy.+      toStrict     = BS.toStrict+{-# INLINE readFileToLines #-}++-- | Splits the parameters from the filename+-- the expected format of the filename is *filename.ext:p1:p2:p3:p4*+-- where p1 and p2 is the starting and end rows for the training data,+-- by default p1 = 0 and p2 = number of rows - 1+-- p3 is the target PVector, it can be a string corresponding to the header+-- or an index.+-- p4 is a comma separated list of SRMatrix (either index or name) to be used as +-- input variables. These will be renamed internally as x0, x1, ... in the order+-- of this list.+splitFileNameParams :: FilePath -> (FilePath, [B.ByteString])+splitFileNameParams (B.pack -> filename)+  | B.null filename = ("", replicate 6 B.empty)+  | otherwise       = (B.unpack fname, take 6 params)+  where+    (fname : params') = B.split ':' filename+    -- fill up the empty parameters with an empty string+    params            = params' <> replicate (6 - min 6 (length params')) B.empty+{-# inline splitFileNameParams #-}++-- | Tries to parse a string into an int+parseVal :: String -> Either String Int+parseVal xs = case readMaybe xs of+                Nothing -> Left xs+                Just x  -> Right x+{-# inline parseVal #-}++-- | Given a map between PVector name and indeces,+-- the target PVector and the variables SRMatrix,+-- returns the indices of the variables SRMatrix and the target+getColumns :: [(B.ByteString, Int)] -> B.ByteString -> B.ByteString -> B.ByteString -> ([Int], Int, Int)+getColumns headerMap target columns target_error = (ixs, iy, iy_error)+  where+      n_cols  = length headerMap+      getIx c = case parseVal c of+                  -- if the PVector is a name, retrive the index+                  Left name -> case find ((== B.pack name) . fst) headerMap of+                                 Nothing -> error $ "PVector name " <> name <> " does not exist."+                                 Just v  -> snd v+                  -- if it is an int, check if it is within range+                  Right v   -> if v >= 0 && v < n_cols+                                 then v+                                 else error $ "PVector index " <> show v <> " out of range."+      -- if the input variables SRMatrix are ommitted, use+      -- every PVector except for iy+      ixs = if B.null columns+               then delete iy [0 .. n_cols - 1]+               else map (getIx . B.unpack) $ B.split ',' columns+      -- if the target PVector is ommitted, use the last one+      iy = if B.null target+              then n_cols - 1+              else getIx $ B.unpack target+      -- if the target PVector is ommitted, use the last one+      iy_error = if B.null target_error+                  then (-1)+                  else getIx $ B.unpack target_error+{-# inline getColumns #-}++-- | Given the start and end rows, it returns the +-- hmatrix extractors for the training and validation data+getRows :: B.ByteString -> B.ByteString -> Int -> (Int, Int)+getRows (B.unpack -> start) (B.unpack -> end) nRows+  | st_ix >= end_ix                 = error $ "Invalid range: " <> show start <> ":" <> show end <> "."+  | st_ix == 0 && end_ix == nRows-1 = (0, nRows)+  | otherwise                       = (st_ix, end_ix + 1)+  where+      st_ix = if null start+                then 0+                else case readMaybe start of+                       Nothing -> error $ "Invalid starting row " <> start <> "."+                       Just x  -> if x < 0 || x >= nRows+                                    then error $ "Invalid starting row " <> show x <> "."+                                    else x+      end_ix = if null end+                then nRows - 1+                else case readMaybe end of+                       Nothing -> error $ "Invalid end row " <> end <> "."+                       Just x  -> if x < 0 || x >= nRows+                                    then error $ "Invalid end row " <> show x <> "."+                                    else x+{-# inline getRows #-}++-- | `loadDataset` loads a dataset with a filename in the format:+--   filename.ext:start_row:end_row:target:features:y_err+--   it returns the X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test, varnames, target name +--   where varnames are a comma separated list of the name of the vars +--   and target name is the name of the target+--+-- where+--+-- **start_row:end_row** is the range of the training rows (default 0:nrows-1).+--   every other row not included in this range will be used as validation+-- **target** is either the name of the PVector (if the datafile has headers) or the index+-- of the target variable+-- **features** is a comma separated list of SRMatrix names or indices to be used as+-- input variables of the regression model.+loadDataset :: FilePath -> Bool -> IO (([Vector Double], Vector Double, [Vector Double], Vector Double), (Maybe (Vector Double), Maybe (Vector Double)), String, String)+loadDataset filename hasHeader = do  +  csv <- readFileToLines fname+  pure $ processData csv params hasHeader+  where+    (fname, params) = splitFileNameParams filename++-- support function that does everything for loadDataset+processData :: [[B.ByteString]] -> [B.ByteString] -> Bool -> (([Vector Double], Vector Double, [Vector Double], Vector Double), (Maybe (Vector Double), Maybe (Vector Double)), String, String)+processData csv params hasHeader = ((x_train, y_train, x_val, y_val) , (y_err_train, y_err_val), varnames, targetname)+  where+    ncols             = length $ head csv+    nrows             = length csv - fromEnum hasHeader+    (header, content) = if hasHeader+                           then (zip (map B.strip $ head csv) [0..], tail csv)+                           else (map (\i -> (B.pack ('x' : show i), i)) [0 .. ncols-1], csv)+    varnames          = intercalate "," [B.unpack v | c <- ixs+                                        , let v = fst . fromJust $ find ((==c).snd) header+                                        ]+    targetname        = if hasHeader then (B.unpack . fst . fromJust . find ((==iy).snd) $ header) else "y"+    -- get rows and SRMatrix indices+    (st, end)         = getRows (params !! 0) (params !! 1) nrows+    (ixs, iy, iy_err) = getColumns header (params !! 2) (params !! 3) (params !! 4)++    -- load data and split sets+    datum   = loadMtx content+    p       = length ixs++    x       = map (datum !!) ixs+    y       = datum !! iy+    y_err   = datum !! iy_err++    x_train = map (V.take end . V.drop st) x+    y_train = V.take end . V.drop st $ y+    x_val   = map (V.drop (st + end)) x+    y_val   = V.drop (st + end) y++    y_err_train = if iy_err == -1 then Nothing else Just $ (V.take end . V.drop st) y_err+    y_err_val   = if iy_err == -1 then Nothing else Just $ (V.take end . V.drop st) y_err+{-# inline processData #-}++chunksOf :: Int -> [e] -> [[e]]+chunksOf i ls = Prelude.map (Prelude.take i) (build (splitter ls))+ where+  splitter :: [e] -> ([e] -> a -> a) -> a -> a+  splitter [] _ n = n+  splitter l c n = l `c` splitter (Prelude.drop i l) c n+  build :: ((a -> [a] -> [a]) -> [a] -> [a]) -> [a]+  build g = g (:) []++splitData :: DataSet -> Int -> State StdGen (DataSet, DataSet)+splitData (x, y, mYErr) k = do+  if k == 1+    then pure ((x, y, mYErr), (x, y, mYErr))+    else do+      ixs' <- (state . shuffle) [0 .. sz-1]+      let ixs = chunksOf k ixs'++      let tr_ix  = [ix | ixs_i <- ixs, ix <- Prelude.tail ixs_i]+          val_ix = [ix | ixs_i <- ixs, let ix = Prelude.head ixs_i]+          (x_tr, x_te) = getX tr_ix val_ix x+          (y_tr, y_te) = getY tr_ix val_ix y++          mY = fmap (getY tr_ix val_ix) mYErr+          (y_err_tr, y_err_te) = (fmap fst mY, fmap snd mY)+      pure ((x_tr, y_tr, y_err_tr), (x_te, y_te, y_err_te))+  where+    sz = V.length y++    getX :: [Int] -> [Int] -> [Vector Double] -> ([Vector Double], [Vector Double])+    getX tr_ix val_ix  xs = ( [ V.fromList [x V.! ix | ix <- tr_ix] | x <- xs ]+                  , [ V.fromList [x V.! ix | ix <- val_ix] | x <- xs ]+                  )+    getY :: [Int] -> [Int] -> Vector Double -> (Vector Double, Vector Double)+    getY tr_ix val_ix  ys  = ( V.fromList [ys V.! ix | ix <- tr_ix]+                   , V.fromList [ys V.! ix | ix <- val_ix]+                   )++getTrain :: ((a, b1, c1, d1), (c2, b2), c3, d2) -> (a, b1, c2)+getTrain ((a, b, _, _), (c, _), _, _) = (a,b,c)++getX :: DataSet -> [Vector Double]+getX (a, _, _) = a++getTarget :: DataSet -> Vector Double+getTarget (_, b, _) = b++getError :: DataSet -> Maybe (Vector Double)+getError (_, _, c) = c++loadTrainingOnly fname b = getTrain <$> loadDataset fname b++-- | Shuffles a list, taken from list-shuffle+shuffle :: (RandomGen g) => [a] -> g -> ([a], g)+shuffle list gen0 =+  runST do+    array <- listToMutableArray list+    gen1 <- shuffleN (Array.sizeofMutableArray array - 1) array gen0+    array1 <- Array.unsafeFreezeArray array+    pure (Foldable.toList array1, gen1)++listToMutableArray :: forall a s. [a] -> ST s (Array.MutableArray s a)+listToMutableArray list = do+  array <- Array.newArray (length list) undefined+  let writeElems :: Int -> [a] -> ST s ()+      writeElems !i = \case+        [] -> pure ()+        x : xs -> do+          Array.writeArray array i x+          writeElems (i + 1) xs+  writeElems 0 list+  pure array+{-# INLINE listToMutableArray #-}++shuffleN :: forall a g s. (RandomGen g) => Int -> Array.MutableArray s a -> g -> ST s g+shuffleN n0 array =+  go 0+  where+    go :: Int -> g -> ST s g+    go !i gen0+      | i >= n = pure gen0+      | otherwise = do+          let (j, gen1) = uniformR (i, m) gen0+          swapArrayElems i j array+          go (i + 1) gen1++    n = min n0 m+    m = Array.sizeofMutableArray array - 1+{-# SPECIALIZE shuffleN :: Int -> Array.MutableArray s a -> StdGen -> ST s StdGen #-}++-- Swap two elements in a mutable array.+swapArrayElems :: Int -> Int -> Array.MutableArray s a -> ST s ()+swapArrayElems i j array = do+  x <- Array.readArray array i+  y <- Array.readArray array j+  Array.writeArray array i y+  Array.writeArray array j x+{-# INLINE swapArrayElems #-}
+ src/Data/SRTree/Derivative.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@+{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Data.SRTree.Derivative +-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :  FlexibleInstances, DeriveFunctor, ScopedTypeVariables+--+-- Symbolic derivative of SRTree expressions+--+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+module Data.SRTree.Derivative+        ( derivative+        , doubleDerivative+        , deriveByVar+        , deriveByParam+        , derivOp+        )+        where++import Data.SRTree.Internal+import Data.SRTree.Recursion (Fix (..), mutu)+import Data.Attoparsec.ByteString.Char8 (double)++-- | Creates the symbolic partial derivative of a tree by variable `dx` (if `p` is `False`)+-- or parameter `dx` (if `p` is `True`).+-- This uses mutual recursion where the first recursion (alg1) holds the derivative w.r.t. +-- the current node and the second (alg2) holds the original tree.+--+-- >>> showExpr . deriveBy False 0 $ 2 * "x0" * "x1"+-- "(2.0 * x1)"+-- >>> showExpr . deriveBy True 1 $ 2 * "x0" * "t0" - sqrt ("t1" * "x0")+-- "(-1.0 * ((1.0 / (2.0 * Sqrt((t1 * x0)))) * x0))"+deriveBy :: Bool -> Int -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+deriveBy p dx = fst (mutu alg1 alg2)+  where+      alg1 (Var ix)           = if not p && ix == dx then 1 else 0+      alg1 (Param ix)         = if p && ix == dx then 1 else 0+      alg1 (Const _)          = 0+      alg1 (Uni f t)          = derivative f (snd t) * fst t+      alg1 (Bin Add l r)      = fst l + fst r+      alg1 (Bin Sub l r)      = fst l - fst r+      alg1 (Bin Mul l r)      = fst l * snd r + snd l * fst r+      alg1 (Bin Div l r)      = (fst l * snd r - snd l * fst r) / snd r ** 2+      alg1 (Bin Power l r)    = snd l ** (snd r - 1) * (snd r * fst l + snd l * log (snd l) * fst r)+      alg1 (Bin PowerAbs l r) = (powabs (snd l) (snd r)) * (fst r * log (abs (snd l)) + snd r * fst l / snd l)+      alg1 (Bin AQ l r)       = ((1 + snd r * snd r) * fst l - snd l * snd r * fst r) / (1 + snd r * snd r) ** 1.5++      alg2 (Var ix)    = var ix+      alg2 (Param ix)  = param ix+      alg2 (Const c)   = Fix (Const c)+      alg2 (Uni f t)   = Fix (Uni f $ snd t)+      alg2 (Bin f l r) = Fix (Bin f (snd l) (snd r))+      --(abs (snd l) ** (snd r))+      powabs l r = Fix (Bin PowerAbs l r)++-- | Derivative of each supported function+-- For a function h(f) it returns the derivative dh/df+--+-- >>> derivative Log 2.0+-- 0.5+derivative :: Floating a => Function -> a -> a+derivative Id      = const 1+derivative Abs     = \x -> x / abs x+derivative Sin     = cos+derivative Cos     = negate.sin+derivative Tan     = recip . (**2.0) . cos+derivative Sinh    = cosh+derivative Cosh    = sinh+derivative Tanh    = (1-) . (**2.0) . tanh+derivative ASin    = recip . sqrt . (1-) . (^2)+derivative ACos    = negate . recip . sqrt . (1-) . (^2)+derivative ATan    = recip . (1+) . (^2)+derivative ASinh   = recip . sqrt . (1+) . (^2)+derivative ACosh   = \x -> 1 / (sqrt (x-1) * sqrt (x+1))+derivative ATanh   = recip . (1-) . (^2)+derivative Sqrt    = recip . (2*) . sqrt+derivative SqrtAbs = \x -> x / (2.0 * abs x ** (3.0/2.0))+derivative Cbrt    = recip . (3*) . (**(1/3)) . (^2)+derivative Square  = (2*)+derivative Exp     = exp+derivative Log     = recip+derivative LogAbs  = recip+derivative Recip   = negate . recip . (^2)+derivative Cube    = (3*) . (^2)+{-# INLINE derivative #-}++-- | Second-order derivative of supported functions+--+-- >>> doubleDerivative Log 2.0+-- -0.25+doubleDerivative :: Floating a => Function -> a -> a+doubleDerivative Id      = const 0+doubleDerivative Abs     = const 0+doubleDerivative Sin     = negate.sin+doubleDerivative Cos     = negate.cos+doubleDerivative Tan     = \x -> 2 * sin x / (cos x) ^ 3+doubleDerivative Sinh    = sinh+doubleDerivative Cosh    = cosh+doubleDerivative Tanh    = \x -> -2 * tanh x * (1 / cosh x)^2+doubleDerivative ASin    = \x -> x / (1 - x^2)**(3/2)+doubleDerivative ACos    = \x -> x / (1 - x^2)**(3/2)+doubleDerivative ATan    = \x -> (-2*x) / (x^2 + 1)^2+doubleDerivative ASinh   = \x -> x / (x^2 + 1)**(3/2) -- check+doubleDerivative ACosh   = \x -> 1 / (sqrt (x-1) * sqrt (x+1)) -- check+doubleDerivative ATanh   = recip . (1-) . (^2) -- check+doubleDerivative Sqrt    = \x -> -1 / (4 * sqrt x^3)+doubleDerivative SqrtAbs = \x -> (-x)*x/(4 * abs x ** (3.5))+doubleDerivative Cbrt    = \x -> -2 / (9 * x * (x^2)**(1/3))+doubleDerivative Square  = const 2+doubleDerivative Exp     = exp+doubleDerivative Log     = negate . recip . (^2)+doubleDerivative LogAbs  = negate . recip . (^2)+doubleDerivative Recip   = (*2) . recip . (^3)+doubleDerivative Cube    = (6*)+{-# INLINE doubleDerivative #-}++-- | Returns (d(Output)/d(Left), d(Output)/d(Right))+-- used for AD+derivOp :: Op -> Double -> Double -> (Double, Double)+derivOp Add _  _  = (1.0, 1.0)+derivOp Sub _  _  = (1.0, -1.0)+derivOp Mul v1 v2 = (v2, v1)+derivOp Div v1 v2 = (1.0 / v2, -(v1) / (v2 * v2))+-- e.g., Power: d(x^y)/dx = y*x^(y-1), d(x^y)/dy = x^y * ln(x)+derivOp Power v1 v2 = (v2 * (v1 ** (v2 - 1)), (v1 ** v2) * log v1)+derivOp _ _ _ = (0.0, 0.0) -- Add remaining ops+{-# INLINE derivOp #-}++-- | Symbolic derivative by a variable+deriveByVar :: Int -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+deriveByVar = deriveBy False+{-# INLINE deriveByVar #-}++-- | Symbolic derivative by a parameter+deriveByParam :: Int -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+deriveByParam = deriveBy True+{-# INLINE deriveByParam #-}
+ src/Data/SRTree/Eval.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@+{-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase, BangPatterns #-}++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Data.SRTree.Eval +-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :  FlexibleInstances, DeriveFunctor, ScopedTypeVariables+--+-- Evaluation of SRTree expressions+--+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}+module Data.SRTree.Eval+        ( evalOp+        , evalFun+        , cbrt+        , inverseFunc+        , invertibles+        , evalInverse+        , invright+        , invleft+        , replicateAs+        , Target, Theta, Columns+        , compile+        , compileLoss+        )+        where++import Data.SRTree.Internal+import Data.SRTree.Recursion (Fix (..), cata)+import Data.Vector.Unboxed (Vector)+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as V+import Control.Monad.ST (runST)+import qualified Data.Vector as VB        -- Boxed vector for instructions+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed.Mutable as VM+import Control.Concurrent.Async (forConcurrently_)+import System.IO.Unsafe (unsafePerformIO)+import Control.Concurrent (getNumCapabilities)+import Data.Maybe (fromJust)++-- | Vector of target values +type Target  = Vector Double+-- | Vector of parameter values. Needs to be strict to be readily accesible.+type Theta   = Vector Double+-- | Matrix of features values +type Columns = [Vector Double]++-- A multi-threaded replacement for V.sum+sumParallel :: Int -> (Int -> Double) -> Double+sumParallel n f = unsafePerformIO $ do+    numThreads <- getNumCapabilities+    let chunkSize  = n `quot` numThreads++    -- 1. Allocate a single block of unboxed memory EXACTLY ONCE+    out <- VM.unsafeNew numThreads++    -- 2. Spawn threads. Each thread gets a unique ID and a slice of memory.+    forConcurrently_ [0 .. numThreads - 1] $ \tId -> do+        let !start = tId * chunkSize+            -- The last thread cleans up the remainder+            !end   = if tId == numThreads - 1 then n else start + chunkSize++        -- 3. The inner thread loop. Strict, unboxed, and bounds-check free.+        let loop !i !acc+              | i >= end  = return acc+              | otherwise = loop (i + 1) (acc + f i)++        total <- loop start 0.0+        VM.unsafeWrite out tId total++    -- 4. Instantly cast the mutable memory to an immutable Vector (O(1) cost)+    totals <- V.unsafeFreeze out+    return (V.sum totals)+{-# NOINLINE sumParallel #-}++-- Improve quality of life with Num and Floating instances for our matrices +instance Num Target where+    (+) = V.zipWith (+)+    (-) = V.zipWith (-)+    (*) = V.zipWith (*)+    abs = V.map abs+    signum = V.map signum+    fromInteger = V.singleton . fromInteger+    negate = V.map negate++instance Floating Target where+    pi = V.singleton pi+    exp = V.map exp+    log = V.map log+    sqrt = V.map sqrt+    sin = V.map sin+    cos = V.map cos+    tan = V.map tan+    asin = V.map asin+    acos = V.map acos+    atan = V.map atan+    sinh = V.map sinh+    cosh = V.map cosh+    tanh = V.map tanh+    asinh = V.map asinh+    acosh = V.map acosh+    atanh = V.map atanh+    (**) = V.zipWith (**)+instance Fractional Target where+    fromRational = V.singleton . fromRational+    (/) = V.zipWith (/)+    recip = V.map recip++-- We change the Dynamic type to evaluate a single scalar at a specific row index (Int)+data Staged =+    Scl Double+  | Static (Vector Double)+  | Dynamic (Vector Double -> Int -> Double) -- (Theta -> RowIndex -> Result)++-- A multi-threaded replacement for V.generate+generateParallel :: Int -> (Int -> Double) -> V.Vector Double+generateParallel n f = unsafePerformIO $ do+    numThreads <- getNumCapabilities+    let chunkSize  = n `quot` numThreads++    -- 1. Allocate a single block of unboxed memory EXACTLY ONCE+    out <- VM.unsafeNew n++    -- 2. Spawn threads. Each thread gets a unique ID and a slice of memory.+    forConcurrently_ [0 .. numThreads - 1] $ \tId -> do+        let !start = tId * chunkSize+            -- The last thread cleans up the remainder+            !end   = if tId == numThreads - 1 then n else start + chunkSize++        -- 3. The inner thread loop. Strict, unboxed, and bounds-check free.+        let loop !i+              | i >= end  = return ()+              | otherwise = do+                  -- Write directly to the shared memory pointer+                  VM.unsafeWrite out i (f i)+                  loop (i + 1)++        loop start++    -- 4. Instantly cast the mutable memory to an immutable Vector (O(1) cost)+    V.unsafeFreeze out+{-# NOINLINE generateParallel #-}++compileLoss :: [Vector Double] -> Fix SRTree -> Target -> Maybe Target -> (Vector Double -> Double)+compileLoss dataset tree y mYerr =+    case cata alg tree of+        Scl c     -> \_  -> V.sum $ V.replicate n c+        Static v  -> \_  -> V.sum v+        -- We only allocate memory EXACTLY ONCE here at the top level+        --Dynamic f -> \th -> V.generate n (f th)+        Dynamic f -> \th -> V.sum (V.generate n (f th))+  where+    n    = V.length (head dataset)+    yErr = fromJust mYerr++    alg :: SRTree Staged -> Staged++    -- 1. Base Cases+    alg (Const c)  = Scl c+    alg (Var (-1)) = Static y+    alg (Var (-2)) = Static yErr+    alg (Var i)    = Static (dataset !! i)+    alg (Param i)  = Dynamic (\th !idx -> th `V.unsafeIndex` i)++    -- 2. Univariate Functions+    alg (Uni f (Scl c))     = Scl (evalFun f c)+    alg (Uni f (Static v))  = Static (V.map (evalFun f) v)++    -- We map the function over the scalar result of the inner closure+    alg (Uni f (Dynamic g)) = let !rawFun = evalFun f in Dynamic (\th !i -> rawFun (g th i))++    -- 3. Binary Functions+    alg (Bin op (Scl c1) (Scl c2))       = Scl (evalOp op c1 c2)+    alg (Bin op (Scl c) (Static v))      = Static (V.map (evalOp op c) v)+    alg (Bin op (Static v) (Scl c))      = Static (V.map (\c2 -> evalOp op c2 c) v)+    alg (Bin op (Static v1) (Static v2)) = Static (V.zipWith (evalOp op) v1 v2)++    -- 4. Dynamic Combinations (The Core Optimization)++    alg (Bin op (Scl c) (Dynamic g)) =+        let !rawOp = evalOp op in Dynamic (\th !i -> rawOp c (g th i))++    alg (Bin op (Dynamic g) (Scl c)) =+        let !rawOp = evalOp op in Dynamic (\th !i -> rawOp (g th i) c)++    -- When combining a Static array with a Dynamic closure,+    -- we use unsafeIndex to fetch the static value at row 'i' directly.+    alg (Bin op (Static v) (Dynamic g)) =+        let !rawOp = evalOp op in Dynamic (\th !i -> rawOp (v `V.unsafeIndex` i) (g th i))++    alg (Bin op (Dynamic g) (Static v)) =+        let !rawOp = evalOp op in Dynamic (\th !i -> rawOp (g th i) (v `V.unsafeIndex` i))++    alg (Bin op (Dynamic g1) (Dynamic g2)) =+        let !rawOp = evalOp op in Dynamic (\th !i -> rawOp (g1 th i) (g2 th i))+++compile :: [Vector Double] -> Fix SRTree -> (Vector Double -> Vector Double)+compile dataset tree =+    case cata alg tree of+        Scl c     -> \_  -> V.replicate n c+        Static v  -> \_  -> v+        -- We only allocate memory EXACTLY ONCE here at the top level+        --Dynamic f -> \th -> V.generate n (f th)+        Dynamic f -> \th -> V.generate n (f th)+  where+    n = V.length (head dataset)++    alg :: SRTree Staged -> Staged++    -- 1. Base Cases+    alg (Const c) = Scl c+    alg (Var i)   = Static (dataset !! i)+    -- Look at this! No more V.replicate. It just fetches the scalar directly.+    alg (Param i) = Dynamic (\th !idx -> th `V.unsafeIndex` i)+    alg (Y i)     = undefined -- this shouldn't be called++    -- 2. Univariate Functions+    alg (Uni f (Scl c))     = Scl (evalFun f c)+    alg (Uni f (Static v))  = Static (V.map (evalFun f) v)++    -- We map the function over the scalar result of the inner closure+    alg (Uni f (Dynamic g)) = let !rawFun = evalFun f in Dynamic (\th !i -> rawFun (g th i))++    -- 3. Binary Functions+    alg (Bin op (Scl c1) (Scl c2))       = Scl (evalOp op c1 c2)+    alg (Bin op (Scl c) (Static v))      = Static (V.map (evalOp op c) v)+    alg (Bin op (Static v) (Scl c))      = Static (V.map (\c2 -> evalOp op c2 c) v)+    alg (Bin op (Static v1) (Static v2)) = Static (V.zipWith (evalOp op) v1 v2)++    -- 4. Dynamic Combinations (The Core Optimization)++    alg (Bin op (Scl c) (Dynamic g)) =+        let !rawOp = evalOp op in Dynamic (\th !i -> rawOp c (g th i))++    alg (Bin op (Dynamic g) (Scl c)) =+        let !rawOp = evalOp op in Dynamic (\th !i -> rawOp (g th i) c)++    -- When combining a Static array with a Dynamic closure,+    -- we use unsafeIndex to fetch the static value at row 'i' directly.+    alg (Bin op (Static v) (Dynamic g)) =+        let !rawOp = evalOp op in Dynamic (\th !i -> rawOp (v `V.unsafeIndex` i) (g th i))++    alg (Bin op (Dynamic g) (Static v)) =+        let !rawOp = evalOp op in Dynamic (\th !i -> rawOp (g th i) (v `V.unsafeIndex` i))++    alg (Bin op (Dynamic g1) (Dynamic g2)) =+        let !rawOp = evalOp op in Dynamic (\th !i -> rawOp (g1 th i) (g2 th i))+++-- returns a vector with the same number of rows as xss and containing a single repeated value.+replicateAs :: Columns -> Double -> Target+replicateAs xss c = let m = V.length (head xss) in V.replicate m c+{-# INLINE replicateAs #-}++-- | Evaluates the tree given a vector of variable values, a vector of parameter values and a function that takes a Double and change to whatever type the variables have. This is useful when working with datasets of many values per variables.+evalTree :: Columns -> Theta -> Fix SRTree -> Target+evalTree xss params = cata $ +    \case +       Var ix     -> xss !! ix+       Param ix   -> replicateAs xss $ params V.! ix+       Const c    -> replicateAs xss c+       Y _        -> undefined+       Uni g t    -> evalFun g t+       Bin op l r -> evalOp op l r+{-# INLINE evalTree #-}++-- evaluates an operator +evalOp :: Floating a => Op -> a -> a -> a+evalOp Add = (+)+evalOp Sub = (-)+evalOp Mul = (*)+evalOp Div = (/)+evalOp Power = (**)+evalOp PowerAbs = \l r -> abs l ** r+evalOp AQ = \l r -> l / sqrt(1 + r*r)+{-# INLINE evalOp #-}++-- evaluates a function +evalFun :: Floating a => Function -> a -> a+evalFun Id = id+evalFun Abs = abs+evalFun Sin = sin+evalFun Cos = cos+evalFun Tan = tan+evalFun Sinh = sinh+evalFun Cosh = cosh+evalFun Tanh = tanh+evalFun ASin = asin+evalFun ACos = acos+evalFun ATan = atan+evalFun ASinh = asinh+evalFun ACosh = acosh+evalFun ATanh = atanh+evalFun Sqrt = sqrt+evalFun SqrtAbs = sqrt . abs+evalFun Cbrt = cbrt+evalFun Square = (^2)+evalFun Log = log+evalFun LogAbs = log . abs+evalFun Exp = exp+evalFun Recip = recip+evalFun Cube = (^3)+{-# INLINE evalFun #-}++-- Cubic root+cbrt :: Floating a => a -> a+cbrt x = signum x * abs x ** (1/3)+{-# INLINE cbrt #-}++-- | Returns the inverse of a function. This is a partial function.+inverseFunc :: Function -> Function+inverseFunc Id     = Id+inverseFunc Sin    = ASin+inverseFunc Cos    = ACos+inverseFunc Tan    = ATan+inverseFunc Sinh   = ASinh+inverseFunc Cosh   = ACosh+inverseFunc Tanh   = ATanh+inverseFunc ASin   = Sin+inverseFunc ACos   = Cos+inverseFunc ATan   = Tan+inverseFunc ASinh  = Sinh+inverseFunc ACosh  = Cosh+inverseFunc ATanh  = Tanh+inverseFunc Sqrt   = Square+inverseFunc Square = Sqrt+-- inverseFunc Cbrt   = (^3)+inverseFunc Log    = Exp+inverseFunc Exp    = Log+inverseFunc Recip  = Recip+-- inverseFunc Abs    = Abs -- we assume abs(x) = sqrt(x^2) so y = sqrt(x^2) => x^2 = y^2 => x = sqrt(y^2) = x = abs(y)+inverseFunc x      = error $ show x ++ " has no support for inverse function"+{-# INLINE inverseFunc #-}++-- | evals the inverse of a function+evalInverse :: Floating a => Function -> a -> a+evalInverse Id     = id+evalInverse Sin    = asin+evalInverse Cos    = acos+evalInverse Tan    = atan+evalInverse Sinh   = asinh+evalInverse Cosh   = acosh+evalInverse Tanh   = atanh+evalInverse ASin   = sin+evalInverse ACos   = cos+evalInverse ATan   = tan+evalInverse ASinh  = sinh+evalInverse ACosh  = cosh+evalInverse ATanh  = tanh+evalInverse Sqrt   = (^2)+evalInverse SqrtAbs = (^2)+evalInverse Square = sqrt+evalInverse Cbrt   = (^3)+evalInverse Log    = exp+evalInverse LogAbs = exp+evalInverse Exp    = log+evalInverse Abs    = abs -- we assume abs(x) = sqrt(x^2) so y = sqrt(x^2) => x^2 = y^2 => x = sqrt(y^2) = x = abs(y)+evalInverse Recip  = recip+evalInverse Cube   = cbrt+{-# INLINE evalInverse #-}++-- | evals the right inverse of an operator +invright :: Floating a => Op -> a -> (a -> a)+invright Add v   = subtract v+invright Sub v   = (+v)+invright Mul v   = (/v)+invright Div v   = (*v)+invright Power v = (**(1/v))+invright PowerAbs v = (**(1/v))+invright AQ v = (* sqrt (1 + v*v))+{-# INLINE invright #-}++-- | evals the left inverse of an operator +invleft :: Floating a => Op -> a -> (a -> a)+invleft Add v   = subtract v+invleft Sub v   = (+v) . negate -- y = v - r => r = v - y+invleft Mul v   = (/v)+invleft Div v   = (v/) -- y = v / r => r = v/y+invleft Power v = logBase v -- (/(log v)) . log -- y = v ^ r  log y = r log v r = log y / log v+invleft PowerAbs v = logBase v . abs+invleft AQ v = (v/)+{-# INLINE invleft #-}++-- | List of invertible functions+invertibles :: [Function]+invertibles = [Id, Sin, Cos, Tan, Tanh, ASin, ACos, ATan, ATanh, Sqrt, Square, Log, Exp, Recip]+{-# INLINE invertibles #-}+ + 
src/Data/SRTree/Internal.hs view
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@ {-# language FlexibleInstances, DeriveFunctor #-} {-# language ScopedTypeVariables #-} {-# language RankNTypes #-}-{-# language ViewPatterns #-}+{-# language OverloadedStrings #-}+{-# language LambdaCase #-}+{-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric, DeriveAnyClass #-} ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | -- Module      :  Data.SRTree.Internal --- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2021+-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024 -- License     :  BSD3 -- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com -- Stability   :  experimental@@ -21,55 +23,59 @@          , Op(..)          , param          , var+         , constv          , arity          , getChildren+         , childrenOf+         , replaceChildren+         , getOperator          , countNodes          , countVarNodes          , countConsts          , countParams+         , countParamsUniq          , countOccurrences-         , deriveBy-         , deriveByVar-         , deriveByParam-         , derivative-         , forwardMode-         , gradParamsFwd-         , gradParamsRev-         , evalFun-         , evalOp-         , inverseFunc-         , evalTree+         , countUniqueTokens+         , numberOfVars+         , getIntConsts          , relabelParams+         , relabelParamsOrder+         , relabelVars          , constsToParam          , floatConstsToParam          , paramsToConst+         , removeProtectedOps+         , convertProtectedOps          , Fix (..)          )          where -import Data.SRTree.Recursion ( Fix (..), cata, mutu, accu, cataM )--import qualified Data.Vector as V-import Data.Vector ((!))-import Control.Monad.State-import qualified Data.DList as DL-import Data.Bifunctor (second)--import Debug.Trace (trace)+import Control.Monad.State (MonadState (get), State, evalState, modify, put)+import Data.SRTree.Recursion (Fix (..), cata, cataM)+import qualified Data.Set as S+import Data.String (IsString (..))+import Text.Read (readMaybe)+import qualified Data.IntMap as IntMap+import Data.List ( nub )+import GHC.Generics (Generic)+import Control.DeepSeq (NFData)  -- | Tree structure to be used with Symbolic Regression algorithms. -- This structure is a fixed point of a n-ary tree.  data SRTree val =-   Var Int     -- ^ index of the variables- | Param Int   -- ^ index of the parameter- | Const Double -- ^ constant value, can be converted to a parameter+   Var {-# UNPACK #-} !Int     -- ^ index of the variables+ | Param {-# UNPACK #-} !Int   -- ^ index of the parameter+ | Const {-# UNPACK #-} !Double -- ^ constant value, can be converted to a parameter+ | Y {-# UNPACK #-} !Int -- ^ index of the target variable, always 0 for now+ -- | IConst Int   -- TODO: integer constant+ -- | RConst Ratio  -- TODO: rational constant  | Uni Function val -- ^ univariate function  | Bin Op val val -- ^ binary operator- deriving (Show, Eq, Ord, Functor)+ deriving (Show, Eq, Ord, Functor, Generic, NFData)  -- | Supported operators-data Op = Add | Sub | Mul | Div | Power-    deriving (Show, Read, Eq, Ord, Enum)+data Op = Add | Sub | Mul | Div | Power | PowerAbs | AQ+    deriving (Show, Read, Eq, Ord, Enum, Generic, NFData)  -- | Supported functions data Function =@@ -88,12 +94,42 @@   | ACosh   | ATanh   | Sqrt+  | SqrtAbs   | Cbrt   | Square   | Log+  | LogAbs   | Exp-     deriving (Show, Read, Eq, Ord, Enum)+  | Recip+  | Cube+     deriving (Show, Read, Eq, Ord, Enum, Generic, NFData) +removeProtectedOps :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree +removeProtectedOps = cata alg +  where +    alg (Var ix)           = var ix+    alg (Param ix)         = param ix+    alg (Const x)          = constv x+    alg (Bin PowerAbs l r) = l ** r+    alg (Bin op l r)       = Fix $ Bin op l r+    alg (Uni SqrtAbs t)    = Fix $ Uni Sqrt t+    alg (Uni LogAbs t)     = Fix $ Uni Log t+    alg (Uni f t)          = Fix $ Uni f t+{-# INLINE removeProtectedOps #-}++convertProtectedOps :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree +convertProtectedOps = cata alg +  where +    alg (Var ix)           = var ix+    alg (Param ix)         = param ix+    alg (Const x)          = constv x+    alg (Bin PowerAbs l r) = abs l ** r+    alg (Bin op l r)       = Fix $ Bin op l r+    alg (Uni SqrtAbs t)    = sqrt (abs t)+    alg (Uni LogAbs t)     = log (abs t)+    alg (Uni f t)          = Fix $ Uni f t+{-# INLINE convertProtectedOps #-}+ -- | create a tree with a single node representing a variable var :: Int -> Fix SRTree var ix = Fix (Var ix)@@ -102,6 +138,26 @@ param :: Int -> Fix SRTree param ix = Fix (Param ix) +-- | create a tree with a single node representing a constant value+constv :: Double -> Fix SRTree+constv x = Fix (Const x)++-- | the instance of `IsString` allows us to+-- create a tree using a more practical notation:+--+-- >>> :t  "x0" + "t0" * sin("x1" * "t1")+-- Fix SRTree+--+instance IsString (Fix SRTree) where +    fromString [] = error "empty string for SRTree"+    fromString ('x':ix) = case readMaybe ix of +                            Just iy -> Fix (Var iy)+                            Nothing -> error "wrong format for variable. It should be xi where i is an index. Ex.: \"x0\", \"x1\"."+    fromString ('t':ix) = case readMaybe ix of +                            Just iy -> Fix (Param iy)+                            Nothing -> error "wrong format for parameter. It should be ti where i is an index. Ex.: \"t0\", \"t1\"."+    fromString _        = error "A string can represent a variable or a parameter following the format xi or ti, respectivelly, where i is the index. Ex.: \"x0\", \"t0\"."+ instance Num (Fix SRTree) where   Fix (Const 0) + r = r   l + Fix (Const 0) = l@@ -142,6 +198,9 @@   l / r                   = Fix $ Bin Div l r   {-# INLINE (/) #-} +  recip = Fix . Uni Recip+  {-# INLINE recip #-}+   fromRational = Fix . Const . fromRational   {-# INLINE fromRational #-} @@ -188,6 +247,29 @@   logBase l r = log l / log r   {-# INLINE logBase #-} +instance Foldable SRTree where +    foldMap f =+        \case+          Bin op l r -> f l <> f r+          Uni g t    -> f t +          _          -> mempty ++instance Traversable SRTree where +    traverse f = +        \case +          Bin op l r -> Bin op <$> f l <*> f r +          Uni g t    -> Uni g <$> f t +          Var ix     -> pure (Var ix) +          Param ix   -> pure (Param ix) +          Const x    -> pure (Const x) +    sequence =+        \case+          Bin op l r -> Bin op <$> l <*> r +          Uni g t    -> Uni g <$> t +          Var ix     -> pure (Var ix) +          Param ix   -> pure (Param ix) +          Const x    -> pure (Const x) + -- | Arity of the current node arity :: Fix SRTree -> Int arity = cata alg@@ -200,6 +282,10 @@ {-# INLINE arity #-}  -- | Get the children of a node. Returns an empty list in case of a leaf node.+--+-- >>> map showExpr . getChildren $ "x0" + 2 +-- ["x0", 2]+-- getChildren :: Fix SRTree -> [Fix SRTree] getChildren (Fix (Var {})) = [] getChildren (Fix (Param {})) = []@@ -208,19 +294,53 @@ getChildren (Fix (Bin _ l r)) = [l, r] {-# INLINE getChildren #-} +-- | Get the children of an unfixed node +-- +childrenOf :: SRTree a -> [a] +childrenOf = +    \case +      Uni _ t   -> [t] +      Bin _ l r -> [l, r] +      _         -> []++-- | replaces the children with elements from a list +replaceChildren :: [a] -> SRTree b -> SRTree a+replaceChildren [l, r] (Bin op _ _) = Bin op l r+replaceChildren [t]    (Uni f _)    = Uni f t+replaceChildren _      (Var ix)     = Var ix+replaceChildren _      (Param ix)   = Param ix+replaceChildren _      (Const x)    = Const x+replaceChildren xs     n            = error "ERROR: trying to replace children with not enough elements."+{-# INLINE replaceChildren #-}++-- | returns a node containing the operator and () as children+getOperator :: SRTree a -> SRTree ()+getOperator (Bin op _ _) = Bin op () ()+getOperator (Uni f _)    = Uni f ()+getOperator (Var ix)     = Var ix+getOperator (Param ix)   = Param ix+getOperator (Const x)    = Const x+{-# INLINE getOperator #-}+ -- | Count the number of nodes in a tree.-countNodes :: Fix SRTree -> Int+--+-- >>> countNodes $ "x0" + 2+-- 3+countNodes :: Num a => Fix SRTree -> a countNodes = cata alg   where-      alg Var {} = 1-      alg Param {} = 1-      alg Const {} = 1-      alg (Uni _ t) = 1 + t+      alg Var   {}    = 1+      alg Param {}    = 1+      alg Const {}    = 1+      alg (Uni _ t)   = 1 + t       alg (Bin _ l r) = 1 + l + r {-# INLINE countNodes #-}  -- | Count the number of `Var` nodes-countVarNodes :: Fix SRTree -> Int+--+-- >>> countVarNodes $ "x0" + 2 * ("x0" - sin "x1")+-- 3+countVarNodes :: Num a => Fix SRTree -> a countVarNodes = cata alg   where       alg Var {} = 1@@ -231,7 +351,10 @@ {-# INLINE countVarNodes #-}  -- | Count the number of `Param` nodes-countParams :: Fix SRTree -> Int+--+-- >>> countParams $ "x0" + "t0" * sin ("t1" + "x1") - "t0"+-- 3+countParams :: Num a => Fix SRTree -> a countParams = cata alg   where       alg Var {} = 0@@ -241,8 +364,25 @@       alg (Bin _ l r) = 0 + l + r {-# INLINE countParams #-} +-- | Count the unique occurrences of `Param` nodes+--+-- >>> countParams $ "x0" + "t0" * sin ("t1" + "x1") - "t0"+-- 2+countParamsUniq :: Fix SRTree -> Int+countParamsUniq t = length . nub $ cata alg t+  where+      alg Var {} = []+      alg (Param ix) = [ix]+      alg Const {} = []+      alg (Uni _ t) = t+      alg (Bin _ l r) = l <> r+{-# INLINE countParamsUniq #-}+ -- | Count the number of const nodes-countConsts :: Fix SRTree -> Int+--+-- >>> countConsts $ "x0"* 2 + 3 * sin "x0"+-- 2+countConsts :: Num a => Fix SRTree -> a countConsts = cata alg   where       alg Var {} = 0@@ -253,7 +393,10 @@ {-# INLINE countConsts #-}  -- | Count the occurrences of variable indexed as `ix`-countOccurrences :: Int -> Fix SRTree -> Int+--+-- >>> countOccurrences 0 $ "x0"* 2 + 3 * sin "x0" + "x1"+-- 2+countOccurrences :: Num a => Int -> Fix SRTree -> a countOccurrences ix = cata alg   where       alg (Var iy) = if ix == iy then 1 else 0@@ -263,302 +406,170 @@       alg (Bin _ l r) = l + r {-# INLINE countOccurrences #-} --- | Evaluates the tree given a vector of variable values, a vector of parameter values and a function that takes a Double and change to whatever type the variables have. This is useful when working with datasets of many values per variables.-evalTree :: (Num a, Floating a) => V.Vector a -> V.Vector Double -> (Double -> a) -> Fix SRTree -> a-evalTree xss params f = cata alg+-- | counts the number of unique tokens +--+-- >>> countUniqueTokens $ "x0" + ("x1" * "x0" - sin ("x0" ** 2))+-- 8+countUniqueTokens :: Num a => Fix SRTree -> a+countUniqueTokens = len . cata alg   where-      alg (Var ix) = xss ! ix-      alg (Param ix) = f $ params ! ix-      alg (Const c) = f c-      alg (Uni g t) = evalFun g t-      alg (Bin op l r) = evalOp op l r-{-# INLINE evalTree #-}--evalOp :: Floating a => Op -> a -> a -> a-evalOp Add = (+)-evalOp Sub = (-)-evalOp Mul = (*)-evalOp Div = (/)-evalOp Power = (**)-{-# INLINE evalOp #-}--evalFun :: Floating a => Function -> a -> a-evalFun Id = id-evalFun Abs = abs-evalFun Sin = sin-evalFun Cos = cos-evalFun Tan = tan-evalFun Sinh = sinh-evalFun Cosh = cosh-evalFun Tanh = tanh-evalFun ASin = asin-evalFun ACos = acos-evalFun ATan = atan-evalFun ASinh = asinh-evalFun ACosh = acosh-evalFun ATanh = atanh-evalFun Sqrt = sqrt-evalFun Cbrt = cbrt-evalFun Square = (^2)-evalFun Log = log-evalFun Exp = exp-{-# INLINE evalFun #-}---- | Cubic root-cbrt :: Floating val => val -> val-cbrt x = signum x * abs x ** (1/3)-{-# INLINE cbrt #-}---- | Returns the inverse of a function. This is a partial function.-inverseFunc :: Function -> Function-inverseFunc Id     = Id-inverseFunc Sin    = ASin-inverseFunc Cos    = ACos-inverseFunc Tan    = ATan-inverseFunc Tanh   = ATanh-inverseFunc ASin   = Sin-inverseFunc ACos   = Cos-inverseFunc ATan   = Tan-inverseFunc ATanh  = Tanh-inverseFunc Sqrt   = Square-inverseFunc Square = Sqrt-inverseFunc Log    = Exp-inverseFunc Exp    = Log-inverseFunc x      = error $ show x ++ " has no support for inverse function"-{-# INLINE inverseFunc #-}+    len (a, b, c, d, e) = fromIntegral $ length a + length b + length c + length d + length e+    alg (Var ix)        = (mempty, mempty, S.singleton ix, mempty, mempty)+    alg (Param _)       = (mempty, mempty, mempty, S.singleton 1, mempty)+    alg (Const _)       = (mempty, mempty, mempty, mempty, S.singleton 1)+    alg (Uni f t)       = (mempty, S.singleton f, mempty, mempty, mempty) <> t+    alg (Bin op l r)    = (S.singleton op, mempty, mempty, mempty, mempty) <> l <> r+{-# INLINE countUniqueTokens #-} --- | Creates the symbolic partial derivative of a tree by variable `dx` (if `p` is `False`)--- or parameter `dx` (if `p` is `True`).-deriveBy :: Bool -> Int -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree-deriveBy p dx = fst (mutu alg1 alg2)+-- | return the number of unique variables +-- +-- >>> numberOfVars $ "x0" + 2 * ("x0" - sin "x1")+-- 2+numberOfVars :: Num a => Fix SRTree -> a+numberOfVars = fromIntegral . S.size . cata alg   where-      alg1 (Var ix) = if not p && ix == dx then 1 else 0-      alg1 (Param ix) = if p && ix == dx then 1 else 0-      alg1 (Const _) = 0-      alg1 (Uni f t) = derivative f (snd t) * fst t-      alg1 (Bin Add l r) = fst l + fst r-      alg1 (Bin Sub l r) = fst l - fst r-      alg1 (Bin Mul l r) = fst l * snd r + snd l * fst r-      alg1 (Bin Div l r) = (fst l * snd r - snd l * fst r) / snd r ** 2-      alg1 (Bin Power l r) = snd l ** (snd r - 1) * (snd r * fst l + snd l * log (snd l) * fst r)--      alg2 (Var ix) = var ix-      alg2 (Param ix) = param ix-      alg2 (Const c) = Fix (Const c)-      alg2 (Uni f t) = Fix (Uni f $ snd t)-      alg2 (Bin f l r) = Fix (Bin f (snd l) (snd r))--newtype Tape a = Tape { untape :: [a] } deriving (Show, Functor)--instance Num a => Num (Tape a) where-  (Tape x) + (Tape y) = Tape $ zipWith (+) x y-  (Tape x) - (Tape y) = Tape $ zipWith (-) x y-  (Tape x) * (Tape y) = Tape $ zipWith (*) x y-  abs (Tape x) = Tape (map abs x)-  signum (Tape x) = Tape (map signum x)-  fromInteger x = Tape [fromInteger x]-  negate (Tape x) = Tape $ map (*(-1)) x-instance Floating a => Floating (Tape a) where-  pi = Tape [pi]-  exp (Tape x) = Tape (map exp x)-  log (Tape x) = Tape (map log x)-  sqrt (Tape x) = Tape (map sqrt x)-  sin (Tape x) = Tape (map sin x)-  cos (Tape x) = Tape (map cos x)-  tan (Tape x) = Tape (map tan x)-  asin (Tape x) = Tape (map asin x)-  acos (Tape x) = Tape (map acos x)-  atan (Tape x) = Tape (map atan x)-  sinh (Tape x) = Tape (map sinh x)-  cosh (Tape x) = Tape (map cosh x)-  tanh (Tape x) = Tape (map tanh x)-  asinh (Tape x) = Tape (map asinh x)-  acosh (Tape x) = Tape (map acosh x)-  atanh (Tape x) = Tape (map atanh x)-  (Tape x) ** (Tape y) = Tape $ zipWith (**) x y-instance Fractional a => Fractional (Tape a) where-  fromRational x = Tape [fromRational x]-  (Tape x) / (Tape y) = Tape $ zipWith (/) x y-  recip (Tape x) = Tape $ map recip x+    alg (Uni f t)    = t+    alg (Bin op l r) = l <> r+    alg (Var ix)     = S.singleton ix+    alg _            = mempty+{-# INLINE numberOfVars #-} --- | Calculates the numerical derivative of a tree using forward mode--- provided a vector of variable values `xss`, a vector of parameter values `theta` and--- a function that changes a Double value to the type of the variable values.-forwardMode :: (Show a, Num a, Floating a) => V.Vector a -> V.Vector Double -> (Double -> a) -> Fix SRTree -> [a]-forwardMode xss theta f = untape . fst (mutu alg1 alg2)+-- | returns the integer constants. We assume an integer constant +-- as those values in which `floor x == ceiling x`.+--+-- >>> getIntConsts $ "x0" + 2 * "x1" ** 3 - 3.14+-- [2.0,3.0]+getIntConsts :: Fix SRTree -> [Double]+getIntConsts = cata alg   where-      n = V.length theta-      repMat v = Tape $ replicate n v-      zeroes = repMat $ f 0-      twos  = repMat $ f 2-      tapeXs = [repMat $ xss ! ix | ix <- [0 .. V.length xss - 1]]-      tapeTheta = [repMat $ f (theta ! ix) | ix <- [0 .. n - 1]]-      paramVec = [ Tape [if ix==iy then f 1 else f 0 | iy <- [0 .. n-1]] | ix <- [0 .. n-1] ]--      alg1 (Var ix)        = zeroes-      alg1 (Param ix)      = paramVec !! ix-      alg1 (Const _)       = zeroes-      alg1 (Uni f t)       = derivative f (snd t) * fst t-      alg1 (Bin Add l r)   = fst l + fst r-      alg1 (Bin Sub l r)   = fst l - fst r-      alg1 (Bin Mul l r)   = (fst l * snd r) + (snd l * fst r)-      alg1 (Bin Div l r)   = ((fst l * snd r) - (snd l * fst r)) / snd r ** twos-      alg1 (Bin Power l r) = snd l ** (snd r - 1) * ((snd r * fst l) + (snd l * log (snd l) * fst r))--      alg2 (Var ix)     = tapeXs !! ix-      alg2 (Param ix)   = tapeTheta !! ix-      alg2 (Const c)    = repMat $ f c-      alg2 (Uni g t)    = fmap (evalFun g) (snd t)-      alg2 (Bin op l r) = evalOp op (snd l) (snd r)+    alg (Uni f t)    = t+    alg (Bin op l r) = l <> r+    alg (Var ix)     = []+    alg (Param _)    = []+    alg (Const x)    = [x | floor x == ceiling x]+{-# INLINE getIntConsts #-} --- | The function `gradParams` calculates the numerical gradient of the tree and evaluates the tree at the same time. It assumes that each parameter has a unique occurrence in the expression. This should be significantly faster than `forwardMode`.-gradParamsFwd  :: (Show a, Num a, Floating a) => V.Vector a -> V.Vector Double -> (Double -> a) -> Fix SRTree -> (a, [a])-gradParamsFwd xss theta f = second DL.toList . cata alg+-- | Relabel the parameters indices incrementaly starting from 0+--+-- >>> showExpr . relabelParams $ "x0" + "t0" * sin ("t1" + "x1") - "t0" +-- "x0" + "t0" * sin ("t1" + "x1") - "t2" +relabelParams :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+relabelParams t = cataM leftToRight alg t `evalState` 0   where-      n = V.length theta--      alg (Var ix)        = (xss ! ix, DL.empty)-      alg (Param ix)      = (f $ theta ! ix, DL.singleton 1)-      alg (Const c)       = (f c, DL.empty)-      alg (Uni f (v, gs)) = let v' = evalFun f v-                                dv = derivative f v-                             in (v', DL.map (*dv) gs)-      alg (Bin Add (v1, l) (v2, r)) = (v1+v2, DL.append l r)-      alg (Bin Sub (v1, l) (v2, r)) = (v1-v2, DL.append l (DL.map negate r))-      alg (Bin Mul (v1, l) (v2, r)) = (v1*v2, DL.append (DL.map (*v2) l) (DL.map (*v1) r))-      alg (Bin Div (v1, l) (v2, r)) = let dv = (-v1/v2^2) -                                       in (v1/v2, DL.append (DL.map (/v2) l) (DL.map (*dv) r))-      alg (Bin Power (v1, l) (v2, r)) = let dv1 = v1 ** (v2 - 1)-                                            dv2 = v1 * log v1-                                         in (v1 ** v2, DL.map (*dv1) (DL.append (DL.map (*v2) l) (DL.map (*dv2) r)))+      -- | leftToRight (left to right) defines the sequence of processing+      leftToRight (Uni f mt)    = Uni f <$> mt;+      leftToRight (Bin f ml mr) = Bin f <$> ml <*> mr+      leftToRight (Var ix)      = pure (Var ix)+      leftToRight (Param ix)    = pure (Param ix)+      leftToRight (Const c)     = pure (Const c) -data TupleF a b = S a | T a b | B a b b deriving Functor -- hi, I'm a tree-type Tuple a = Fix (TupleF a)+      -- | any time we reach a Param ix, it replaces ix with current state+      -- and increments one to the state.+      alg :: SRTree (Fix SRTree) -> State Int (Fix SRTree)+      alg (Var ix)    = pure $ var ix+      alg (Param ix)  = do iy <- get; modify (+1); pure (param iy)+      alg (Const c)   = pure $ Fix $ Const c+      alg (Uni f t)   = pure $ Fix (Uni f t)+      alg (Bin f l r) = pure $ Fix (Bin f l r) -gradParamsRev  :: forall a . (Show a, Num a, Floating a) => V.Vector a -> V.Vector Double -> (Double -> a) -> Fix SRTree -> (a, [a])-gradParamsRev xss theta f t = (getTop fwdMode, DL.toList g)+-- | Reorder the labels of the parameters indices+--+-- >>> showExpr . relabelParamsOrder $ "x0" + "t1" * sin ("t3" + "x1") - "t1"+-- "x0" + "t0" * sin ("t1" + "x1") - "t0"+relabelParamsOrder :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+relabelParamsOrder t = cataM leftToRight alg t `evalState` (IntMap.empty, 0)   where-      fwdMode = cata forward t-      g = accu reverse combine t (1, fwdMode)--      oneTpl x  = Fix $ S x-      tuple x y = Fix $ T x y-      branch x y z = Fix $ B x y z-      getTop (Fix (S x)) = x-      getTop (Fix (T x y)) = x-      getTop (Fix (B x y z)) = x-      unCons (Fix (T x y)) = y-      getBranches (Fix (B x y z)) = (y,z)--      forward (Var ix)     = oneTpl (xss ! ix)-      forward (Param ix)   = oneTpl (f $ theta ! ix)-      forward (Const c)    = oneTpl (f c)-      forward (Uni f t)    = let v = getTop t-                              in tuple (evalFun f v) t-      forward (Bin op l r) = let vl = getTop l-                                 vr = getTop r-                              in branch (evalOp op vl vr) l r--      reverse (Var ix)     (dx,    _)        = Var ix-      reverse (Param ix)   (dx,    _)        = Param ix-      reverse (Const v)    (dx,    _)        = Const v-      reverse (Uni f t)    (dx, unCons -> v) = Uni f (t, (dx * (derivative f $ getTop v), v))-      reverse (Bin op l r) (dx, getBranches -> (vl, vr)) = let (dxl, dxr) = diff op dx (getTop vl) (getTop vr)-                                                            in Bin op (l, (dxl, vl)) (r, (dxr, vr))--      diff Add dx vl vr = (dx, dx)-      diff Sub dx vl vr = (dx, negate dx)-      diff Mul dx vl vr = (dx * vr, dx * vl)-      diff Div dx vl vr = (dx / vr, dx * (-vl/vr^2))-      diff Power dx vl vr = let dxl = dx * vl ** (vr - 1)-                                dv2 = vl * log vl-                             in (dxl * vr, dxl * dv2)--      combine (Var ix)     s = DL.empty-      combine (Param ix)   s = DL.singleton $ fst s-      combine (Const c)    s = DL.empty-      combine (Uni _ gs)   s = gs-      combine (Bin op l r) s = DL.append l r--derivative :: Floating a => Function -> a -> a-derivative Id      = const 1-derivative Abs     = \x -> x / abs x-derivative Sin     = cos-derivative Cos     = negate.sin-derivative Tan     = recip . (**2.0) . cos-derivative Sinh    = cosh-derivative Cosh    = sinh-derivative Tanh    = (1-) . (**2.0) . tanh-derivative ASin    = recip . sqrt . (1-) . (^2)-derivative ACos    = negate . recip . sqrt . (1-) . (^2)-derivative ATan    = recip . (1+) . (^2)-derivative ASinh   = recip . sqrt . (1+) . (^2)-derivative ACosh   = \x -> 1 / (sqrt (x-1) * sqrt (x+1))-derivative ATanh   = recip . (1-) . (^2)-derivative Sqrt    = recip . (2*) . sqrt-derivative Cbrt    = recip . (3*) . cbrt . (^2)-derivative Square  = (2*)-derivative Exp     = exp-derivative Log     = recip-{-# INLINE derivative #-}---- | Symbolic derivative by a variable-deriveByVar :: Int -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree-deriveByVar = deriveBy False+      -- | leftToRight (left to right) defines the sequence of processing+      leftToRight (Uni f mt)    = Uni f <$> mt;+      leftToRight (Bin f ml mr) = Bin f <$> ml <*> mr+      leftToRight (Var ix)      = pure (Var ix)+      leftToRight (Param ix)    = pure (Param ix)+      leftToRight (Const c)     = pure (Const c) --- | Symbolic derivative by a parameter-deriveByParam :: Int -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree-deriveByParam = deriveBy True+      -- | any time we reach a Param ix, it replaces ix with current state+      -- and increments one to the state.+      alg :: SRTree (Fix SRTree) -> State (IntMap.IntMap Int, Int) (Fix SRTree)+      alg (Var ix)    = pure $ var ix+      alg (Param ix)  = do (m, iy) <- get+                           if IntMap.member ix m+                              then pure (param $ m IntMap.! ix)+                              else do let m' = IntMap.insert ix iy m+                                      put (m', iy+1)+                                      pure (param iy)+      alg (Const c)   = pure $ Fix $ Const c+      alg (Uni f t)   = pure $ Fix (Uni f t)+      alg (Bin f l r) = pure $ Fix (Bin f l r) --- | Relabel the parameters incrementaly starting from 0-relabelParams :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree-relabelParams t = cataM lTor alg t `evalState` 0+-- | Relabel the parameters indices incrementaly starting from 0+--+-- >>> showExpr . relabelParams $ "x0" + "t0" * sin ("t1" + "x1") - "t0"+-- "x0" + "t0" * sin ("t1" + "x1") - "t2"+relabelVars :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+relabelVars t = cataM leftToRight alg t `evalState` 0   where-      lTor (Uni f mt) = Uni f <$> mt;-      lTor (Bin f ml mr) = Bin f <$> ml <*> mr-      lTor (Var ix) = pure (Var ix)-      lTor (Param ix) = pure (Param ix)-      lTor (Const c) = pure (Const c)+      -- | leftToRight (left to right) defines the sequence of processing+      leftToRight (Uni f mt)    = Uni f <$> mt;+      leftToRight (Bin f ml mr) = Bin f <$> ml <*> mr+      leftToRight (Var ix)      = pure (Var ix)+      leftToRight (Param ix)    = pure (Param ix)+      leftToRight (Const c)     = pure (Const c) +      -- | any time we reach a Param ix, it replaces ix with current state+      -- and increments one to the state.       alg :: SRTree (Fix SRTree) -> State Int (Fix SRTree)-      alg (Var ix) = pure $ var ix-      alg (Param ix) = do iy <- get; modify (+1); pure (param iy)-      alg (Const c) = pure $ Fix $ Const c-      alg (Uni f t) = pure $ Fix (Uni f t)+      alg (Var ix)    = do iy <- get; modify (+1); pure (var iy)+      alg (Param ix)  = pure $ param ix+      alg (Const c)   = pure $ Fix $ Const c+      alg (Uni f t)   = pure $ Fix (Uni f t)       alg (Bin f l r) = pure $ Fix (Bin f l r)  -- | Change constant values to a parameter, returning the changed tree and a list -- of parameter values+--+-- >>> snd . constsToParam $ "x0" * 2 + 3.14 * sin (5 * "x1")+-- [2.0,3.14,5.0] constsToParam :: Fix SRTree -> (Fix SRTree, [Double]) constsToParam = first relabelParams . cata alg   where       first f (x, y) = (f x, y) -      alg (Var ix) = (Fix $ Var ix, [])-      alg (Param ix) = (Fix $ Param ix, [1.0])-      alg (Const c) = (Fix $ Param 0, [c])-      alg (Uni f t) = (Fix $ Uni f (fst t), snd t)+      -- | If the tree already contains a parameter+      -- it will return a default value of 1.0+      -- whenever it finds a constant, it changes that+      -- to a parameter and adds its content to the singleton list+      alg (Var ix)    = (Fix $ Var ix, [])+      alg (Param ix)  = (Fix $ Param ix, [1.0])+      alg (Const c)   = (Fix $ Param 0, [c])+      alg (Uni f t)   = (Fix $ Uni f (fst t), snd t)       alg (Bin f l r) = (Fix (Bin f (fst l) (fst r)), snd l <> snd r)  -- | Same as `constsToParam` but does not change constant values that -- can be converted to integer without loss of precision+--+-- >>> snd . floatConstsToParam $ "x0" * 2 + 3.14 * sin (5 * "x1")+-- [3.14] floatConstsToParam :: Fix SRTree -> (Fix SRTree, [Double]) floatConstsToParam = first relabelParams . cata alg   where-      first f (x, y) = (f x, y)+      first f (x, y)          = (f x, y)+      combine f (x, y) (z, w) = (f x z, y <> w)+      isInt x                 = floor x == ceiling x -      alg (Var ix) = (Fix $ Var ix, [])-      alg (Param ix) = (Fix $ Param ix, [1.0])-      alg (Const c) = if floor c == ceiling c then (Fix $ Const c, []) else (Fix $ Param 0, [c])-      alg (Uni f t) = (Fix $ Uni f (fst t), snd t)-      alg (Bin f l r) = (Fix (Bin f (fst l) (fst r)), snd l <> snd r)+      alg (Var ix)    = (var ix, [])+      alg (Param ix)  = (param ix, [1.0])+      alg (Const c)   = if isInt c then (constv c, []) else (param 0, [c])+      alg (Uni f t)   = first (Fix . Uni f) t -- (Fix $ Uni f (fst t), snd t)+      alg (Bin f l r) = combine ((Fix .) . Bin f) l r -- (Fix (Bin f (fst l) (fst r)), snd l <> snd r)  -- | Convert the parameters into constants in the tree+--+-- >>> showExpr . paramsToConst [1.1, 2.2, 3.3] $ "x0" + "t0" * sin ("t1" * "x0" - "t2")+-- x0 + 1.1 * sin(2.2 * x0 - 3.3) paramsToConst :: [Double] -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree paramsToConst theta = cata alg   where-      alg (Var ix) = Fix $ Var ix-      alg (Param ix) = Fix $ Const (theta !! ix)-      alg (Const c) = Fix $ Const c-      alg (Uni f t) = Fix $ Uni f t+      alg (Var ix)    = Fix $ Var ix+      alg (Param ix)  = Fix $ Const (theta !! ix)+      alg (Const c)   = Fix $ Const c+      alg (Uni f t)   = Fix $ Uni f t       alg (Bin f l r) = Fix $ Bin f l r
src/Data/SRTree/Print.hs view
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@+{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}+{-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase #-} ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | -- Module      :  Data.SRTree.Print --- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2021+-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024 -- License     :  BSD3 -- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com -- Stability   :  experimental@@ -12,52 +14,103 @@ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- module Data.SRTree.Print           ( showExpr+         , showExprWithVars          , printExpr+         , printExprWithVars          , showTikz          , printTikz          , showPython          , printPython          , showLatex+         , showLatexWithVars          , printLatex+         , showOp          )          where -import Control.Monad.Reader ( asks, runReader, Reader )-import Data.Char ( toLower )-+import Control.Monad.Reader (Reader, asks, runReader)+import Data.Char (toLower) import Data.SRTree.Internal-import Data.SRTree.Recursion+import Data.SRTree.Recursion (cata) +-- | converts a tree with protected operators to+-- a conventional math tree+removeProtection :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+removeProtection = cata $+  \case+     Var ix -> Fix (Var ix)+     Param ix -> Fix (Param ix)+     Const x -> Fix (Const x)+     Uni SqrtAbs t -> sqrt (abs t)+     Uni LogAbs t -> log (abs t)+     Uni Cube t -> t ** 3+     Uni f t -> Fix (Uni f t)+     Bin AQ l r -> l / sqrt (1 + r*r)+     Bin PowerAbs l r -> abs l ** r+     Bin op l r -> Fix (Bin op l r)++-- | convert a tree into a string in math notation +--+-- >>> showExpr $ "x0" + sin ( tanh ("t0" + 2) )+-- "(x0 + Sin(Tanh((t0 + 2.0))))" showExpr :: Fix SRTree -> String-showExpr = cata alg-  where-    alg (Var ix)     = 'x' : show ix-    alg (Param ix)   = 't' : show ix-    alg (Const c)    = show c-    alg (Bin op l r) = concat ["(", l, " ", showOp op, " ", r, ")"]-    alg (Uni f t)    = concat [show f, "(", t, ")"]+showExpr = cata alg . removeProtection+  where alg = \case+                Var ix     -> 'x' : show ix+                Param ix   -> 't' : show ix+                Const c    -> show c+                Bin op l r -> concat ["(", l, " ", showOp op, " ", r, ")"]+                Uni f t    -> concat [show f, "(", t, ")"] +-- | convert a tree into a string in math notation+-- given named vars.+--+-- >>> showExprWithVar ["mu", "eps"] $ "x0" + sin ( "x1" * tanh ("t0" + 2) )+-- "(mu + Sin(Tanh(eps * (t0 + 2.0))))"+showExprWithVars :: [String] -> Fix SRTree -> String+showExprWithVars varnames = cata alg . removeProtection+  where alg = \case+                Var ix     -> varnames !! ix+                Param ix   -> 't' : show ix+                Const c    -> show c+                Bin op l r -> concat ["(", l, " ", showOp op, " ", r, ")"]+                Uni f t    -> concat [show f, "(", t, ")"]++-- | prints the expression  printExpr :: Fix SRTree -> IO () printExpr = putStrLn . showExpr  +-- | prints the expression+printExprWithVars :: [String] -> Fix SRTree -> IO ()+printExprWithVars varnames = putStrLn . showExprWithVars varnames++-- how to display an operator +showOp :: Op -> String showOp Add   = "+" showOp Sub   = "-" showOp Mul   = "*" showOp Div   = "/" showOp Power = "^"+showOp AQ    = "aq"+showOp PowerAbs = "|^|" {-# INLINE showOp #-}  -- | Displays a tree as a numpy compatible expression.+--+-- >>> showPython $ "x0" + sin ( tanh ("t0" + 2) )+-- "(x[:, 0] + np.sin(np.tanh((t[:, 0] + 2.0))))" showPython :: Fix SRTree -> String-showPython = cata alg+showPython = cata alg . removeProtection   where-    alg (Var ix)     = concat ["x[:, ", show ix, "]"]-    alg (Param ix)   = concat ["t[:, ", show ix, "]"]-    alg (Const c)    = show c-    alg (Bin Power l r) = concat [l, " ** ", r]-    alg (Bin op l r) = concat ["(", l, " ", showOp op, " ", r, ")"]-    alg (Uni f t)    = concat [pyFun f, "(", t, ")"]+    alg = \case+      Var ix        -> concat ["x[:, ", show ix, "]"]+      Param ix      -> concat ["t[", show ix, "]"]+      Const c       -> show c+      Bin Power l r -> concat [l, " ** ", r]+      Bin op l r    -> concat ["(", l, " ", showOp op, " ", r, ")"]+      Uni f t       -> concat [pyFun f, "(", t, ")"]           +     pyFun Id     = ""     pyFun Abs    = "np.abs"     pyFun Sin    = "np.sin"@@ -76,39 +129,69 @@     pyFun Square = "np.square"     pyFun Log    = "np.log"     pyFun Exp    = "np.exp"+    pyFun Cbrt   = "np.cbrt"+    pyFun Recip  = "np.reciprocal" +-- | print the expression in numpy notation printPython :: Fix SRTree -> IO () printPython = putStrLn . showPython --- | Displays a tree as a sympy compatible expression.+-- | Displays a tree as a LaTeX compatible expression.+--+-- >>> showLatex $ "x0" + sin ( tanh ("t0" + 2) )+-- "\\left(x_{, 0} + \\operatorname{sin}(\\operatorname{tanh}(\\left(\\theta_{, 0} + 2.0\\right)))\\right)" showLatex :: Fix SRTree -> String-showLatex = cata alg+showLatex = cata alg . removeProtection   where-    alg (Var ix)     = concat ["x_{, ", show ix, "}"]-    alg (Param ix)   = concat ["\\theta_{, ", show ix, "}"]-    alg (Const c)    = show c-    alg (Bin Power l r) = concat [l, "^{", r, "}"]-    alg (Bin op l r) = concat ["\\left(", l, " ", showOp op, " ", r, "\\right)"]-    alg (Uni Abs t)  = concat ["\\left |", t, "\\right |"]-    alg (Uni f t)    = concat [showLatexFun f, "(", t, ")"]-+    alg = \case+      Var ix        -> concat ["x_{", show ix, "}"]+      Param ix      -> concat ["\\theta_{", show ix, "}"]+      Const c       -> show c+      Bin Power l r -> concat ["{", l, "^{", r, "}}"]+      Bin PowerAbs l r ->  concat ["{\\left|", l, "\\right|^{", r, "}}"]+      Bin Mul l r    -> concat ["\\left(", l, " \\cdot ", r, "\\right)"]+      Bin Div l r    -> concat ["\\frac{", l, "}{", r, "}"]+      Bin op l r    -> concat ["\\left(", l, " ", showOp op, " ", r, "\\right)"]+      Uni Abs t     -> concat ["\\left |", t, "\\right |"]+      Uni Recip t   -> concat ["\\frac{1}{", t, "}"]+      Uni f t       -> concat [showLatexFun f, "(", t, ")"]+      +showLatexWithVars :: [String] -> Fix SRTree -> String+showLatexWithVars varnames = cata alg . removeProtection+  where +    alg = \case+      Var ix        -> concat ["\\operatorname{", varnames !! ix, "}"]+      Param ix      -> concat ["\\theta_{", show ix, "}"]+      Const c       -> show c+      Bin Power l r -> concat ["{", l, "^{", r, "}}"]+      Bin PowerAbs l r ->  concat ["{\\left|", l, "\\right|^{", r, "}}"]+      Bin Mul l r    -> concat ["\\left(", l, " \\cdot ", r, "\\right)"]+      Bin Div l r    -> concat ["\\frac{", l, "}{", r, "}"]+      Bin op l r    -> concat ["\\left(", l, " ", showOp op, " ", r, "\\right)"]+      Uni Abs t     -> concat ["\\left |", t, "\\right |"]+      Uni Recip t   -> concat ["\\frac{1}{", t, "}"]+      Uni f t       -> concat [showLatexFun f, "(", t, ")"]+                 showLatexFun :: Function -> String showLatexFun f = mconcat ["\\operatorname{", map toLower $ show f, "}"] {-# INLINE showLatexFun #-} +-- | prints expression in LaTeX notation.  printLatex :: Fix SRTree -> IO () printLatex = putStrLn . showLatex  -- | Displays a tree in Tikz format showTikz :: Fix SRTree -> String-showTikz = cata alg+showTikz = cata alg . removeProtection   where+    alg = \case+      Var ix     -> concat ["[$x_{, ", show ix, "}$]\n"]+      Param ix   -> concat ["[$\\theta_{, ", show ix, "}$]\n"]+      Const c    -> concat ["[$", show (roundN 2 c), "$]\n"]+      Bin op l r -> concat ["[", showOpTikz op, l, r, "]\n"]+      Uni f t    -> concat ["[", map toLower $ show f, t, "]\n"]+     roundN n x = let ten = 10^n in (/ ten) . fromIntegral . round $ x*ten-    alg (Var ix)     = concat ["[$x_{, ", show ix, "}$]\n"]-    alg (Param ix)   = concat ["[$\\theta_{, ", show ix, "}$]\n"]-    alg (Const c)    = concat ["[$", show (roundN 2 c), "$]\n"]-    alg (Bin op l r) = concat ["[", showOpTikz op, l, r, "]\n"]-    alg (Uni f t)    = concat ["[", map toLower $ show f, t, "]\n"]      showOpTikz Add = "+\n"     showOpTikz Sub = "-\n"@@ -116,4 +199,6 @@     showOpTikz Div = "÷\n"     showOpTikz Power = "\\^{}\n" +-- | prints the tree in TikZ format +printTikz :: Fix SRTree -> IO () printTikz = putStrLn . showTikz
src/Data/SRTree/Random.hs view
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | -- Module      :  Data.SRTree.Random --- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2021+-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024 -- License     :  BSD3 -- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com -- Stability   :  experimental@@ -18,25 +18,35 @@          , HasEverything          , FullParams(..)          , RndTree+         , Rng(..)          , randomVar          , randomConst          , randomPow          , randomFunction          , randomNode          , randomNonTerminal+         , randomRange+         , randomTreeTemplate          , randomTree          , randomTreeBalanced+         , toss+         , tossBiased+         , randomVal+         , randomVec+         , randomFrom          )          where -import System.Random -import Control.Monad.State -import Control.Monad.Reader +import Control.Monad.Reader (ReaderT, asks, runReaderT)+import Control.Monad.State.Strict ( MonadState(state), MonadTrans(lift), StateT ) import Data.Maybe (fromJust)- import Data.SRTree.Internal-import Data.SRTree.Recursion+import System.Random (Random (random, randomR), StdGen, mkStdGen)+import Data.SRTree.Eval+import Control.Monad+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as V + -- * Class definition of properties that a certain parameter type has. -- -- HasVars: does `p` provides a list of the variable indices?@@ -67,19 +77,28 @@ instance HasFuns FullParams where   _funs (P _ _ _ fs) = fs +type Rng m a = StateT StdGen m a+ -- auxiliary function to sample between False and True-toss :: StateT StdGen IO Bool+toss :: Monad m => Rng m Bool toss = state random {-# INLINE toss #-} +tossBiased :: Monad m => Double -> Rng m Bool+tossBiased p = do r <- state random+                  pure (r < p)++randomVal :: Monad m => Rng m Double+randomVal = state random+ -- returns a random element of a list-randomFrom :: [a] -> StateT StdGen IO a+randomFrom :: Monad m => [a] -> Rng m a randomFrom funs = do n <- randomRange (0, length funs - 1)                      pure $ funs !! n {-# INLINE randomFrom #-}  -- returns a random element within a range-randomRange :: (Ord val, Random val) => (val, val) -> StateT StdGen IO val+randomRange :: (Ord val, Random val, Monad m) => (val, val) -> Rng m val randomRange rng = state (randomR rng) {-# INLINE randomRange #-} @@ -90,38 +109,38 @@ {-# INLINE replaceChild #-}  -- Replace the children of a binary tree.-replaceChildren :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree -> Maybe (Fix SRTree)-replaceChildren (Fix (Bin f _ _)) l r = Just $ Fix (Bin f l r)-replaceChildren _             _ _ = Nothing-{-# INLINE replaceChildren #-}+replaceFixChildren :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree -> Maybe (Fix SRTree)+replaceFixChildren (Fix (Bin f _ _)) l r = Just $ Fix (Bin f l r)+replaceFixChildren _             _ _ = Nothing+{-# INLINE replaceFixChildren #-}  -- | RndTree is a Monad Transformer to generate random trees of type `SRTree ix val`  -- given the parameters `p ix val` using the random number generator `StdGen`.-type RndTree p = ReaderT p (StateT StdGen IO) (Fix SRTree)+type RndTree m p = ReaderT p (StateT StdGen m) (Fix SRTree)  -- | Returns a random variable, the parameter `p` must have the `HasVars` property-randomVar :: HasVars p => RndTree p+randomVar :: Monad m => HasVars p => RndTree m p randomVar = do vars <- asks _vars                lift $ Fix . Var <$> randomFrom vars  -- | Returns a random constant, the parameter `p` must have the `HasConst` property-randomConst :: HasVals p => RndTree p+randomConst :: (HasVals p, Monad m) => RndTree m p randomConst = do rng <- asks _range                  lift $ Fix . Const <$> randomRange rng  -- | Returns a random integer power node, the parameter `p` must have the `HasExps` property-randomPow :: HasExps p => RndTree p+randomPow :: (HasExps p, Monad m) => RndTree m p randomPow = do rng <- asks _exponents                lift $ Fix . Bin Power 0 . Fix . Const . fromIntegral <$> randomRange rng  -- | Returns a random function, the parameter `p` must have the `HasFuns` property-randomFunction :: HasFuns p => RndTree p+randomFunction :: (HasFuns p, Monad m) => RndTree m p randomFunction = do funs <- asks _funs                     f <- lift $ randomFrom funs                     lift $ pure $ Fix (Uni f 0)  -- | Returns a random node, the parameter `p` must have every property.-randomNode :: HasEverything p => RndTree p+randomNode :: (HasEverything p, Monad m) => RndTree m p randomNode = do   choice <- lift $ randomRange (0, 8 :: Int)   case choice of@@ -136,7 +155,7 @@     8 -> pure . Fix $ Bin Power 0 0  -- | Returns a random non-terminal node, the parameter `p` must have every property.-randomNonTerminal :: HasEverything p => RndTree p+randomNonTerminal :: (HasEverything p, Monad m) => RndTree m p randomNonTerminal = do   choice <- lift $ randomRange (0, 6 :: Int)   case choice of@@ -149,21 +168,31 @@     6 -> pure . Fix $ Bin Power 0 0      -- | Returns a random tree with a limited budget, the parameter `p` must have every property.-randomTree :: HasEverything p => Int -> RndTree p-randomTree 0      = do+--+-- >>> let treeGen = runReaderT (randomTree 12) (P [0,1] (-10, 10) (2, 3) [Log, Exp])+-- >>> tree <- evalStateT treeGen (mkStdGen 52)+-- >>> showExpr tree+-- "(-2.7631152121655838 / Exp((x0 / ((x0 * -7.681722660704317) - Log(3.378309080134594)))))"+randomTreeTemplate :: (HasEverything p, Monad m) => Int -> RndTree m p+randomTreeTemplate 0      = do   coin <- lift toss   if coin     then randomVar     else randomConst-randomTree budget = do +randomTreeTemplate budget = do   node  <- randomNode   fromJust <$> case arity node of     0 -> pure $ Just node-    1 -> replaceChild node <$> randomTree (budget - 1)-    2 -> replaceChildren node <$> randomTree (budget `div` 2) <*> randomTree (budget `div` 2)+    1 -> replaceChild node <$> randomTreeTemplate (budget - 1)+    2 -> replaceFixChildren node <$> randomTreeTemplate (budget `div` 2) <*> randomTreeTemplate (budget `div` 2)      -- | Returns a random tree with a approximately a number `n` of nodes, the parameter `p` must have every property.-randomTreeBalanced :: HasEverything p => Int -> RndTree p+--+-- >>> let treeGen = runReaderT (randomTreeBalanced 10) (P [0,1] (-10, 10) (2, 3) [Log, Exp])+-- >>> tree <- evalStateT treeGen (mkStdGen 42)+-- >>> showExpr tree+-- "Exp(Log((((7.784360517385774 * x0) - (3.6412224491658223 ^ x1)) ^ ((x0 ^ -4.09764995657091) + Log(-7.710216839988497)))))"+randomTreeBalanced :: (HasEverything p, Monad m) => Int -> RndTree m p randomTreeBalanced n | n <= 1 = do   coin <- lift toss   if coin@@ -173,4 +202,29 @@   node  <- randomNonTerminal   fromJust <$> case arity node of     1 -> replaceChild node <$> randomTreeBalanced (n - 1)-    2 -> replaceChildren node <$> randomTreeBalanced (n `div` 2) <*> randomTreeBalanced (n `div` 2)    +    2 -> replaceFixChildren node <$> randomTreeBalanced (n `div` 2) <*> randomTreeBalanced (n `div` 2)    +++randomVec :: Monad m => Int -> Rng m Theta+randomVec n = V.fromList <$> replicateM n (randomRange (-1, 1))++randomTree :: Monad m => Int -> Int -> Int -> Rng m (Fix SRTree) -> Rng m (SRTree ()) -> Bool -> Rng  m (Fix SRTree)+randomTree minDepth maxDepth maxSize genTerm genNonTerm grow+  | noSpaceLeft = genTerm+  | needNonTerm = genRecursion+  | otherwise   = do r <- toss+                     if r+                       then genTerm+                       else genRecursion+  where+    noSpaceLeft = maxDepth <= 1 || maxSize <= 2+    needNonTerm = (minDepth >= 0 || (maxDepth > 2 && not grow)) -- && maxSize > 2++    genRecursion = do+        node <- genNonTerm+        case node of+          Uni f _    -> Fix . Uni f <$> randomTree (minDepth - 1) (maxDepth - 1) (maxSize - 1) genTerm genNonTerm grow+          Bin op _ _ -> do l <- randomTree (minDepth - 1) (maxDepth - 1) (if grow then maxSize - 2 else maxSize `div` 2) genTerm genNonTerm grow+                           r <- randomTree (minDepth - 1) (maxDepth - 1) (maxSize - 1 - countNodes l) genTerm genNonTerm grow+                           pure . Fix  $ Bin op l r+{-# INLINE randomTree #-}
src/Data/SRTree/Recursion.hs view
@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@ {-# language RankNTypes #-} {-# language DeriveFunctor #-}+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Data.SRTree.Recursion +-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :  FlexibleInstances, DeriveFunctor, ScopedTypeVariables+--+-- Recursion schemes+--+----------------------------------------------------------------------------- module Data.SRTree.Recursion where  import Control.Monad ( (>=>) )
+ src/Numeric/Optimization/NLOPT.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,976 @@+{-# OPTIONS_GHC -Wall #-}+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}+{-# LANGUAGE TypeApplications #-}++{- |+Module      :  Numeric.NLOPT+Copyright   :  (c) Matthew Peddie 2017+License     :  BSD3+Maintainer  :  Matthew Peddie <mpeddie@gmail.com>+Stability   :  provisional+Portability :  GHC++This module provides a high-level, @hmatrix@-compatible interface to+the <http://ab-initio.mit.edu/wiki/index.php/NLopt NLOPT> library by+Steven G. Johnson.++NOTE: This is an adaptation from https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hmatrix-nlopt-0.2.0.0+that removes the dependency to hmatrix and support any Vector Storage.++= Documentation++Most non-numerical details are documented, but for specific+information on what the optimization methods do, how constraints are+handled, etc., you should consult:++  * The <http://ab-initio.mit.edu/wiki/index.php/NLopt_Introduction NLOPT introduction>++  * The <http://ab-initio.mit.edu/wiki/index.php/NLopt_Reference NLOPT reference manual>++  * The <http://ab-initio.mit.edu/wiki/index.php/NLopt_Algorithms NLOPT algorithm manual>++= Example program++The following interactive session example uses the Nelder-Mead simplex+algorithm, a derivative-free local optimizer, to minimize a trivial+function with a minimum of 22.0 at @(0, 0)@.++>>> import Numeric.LinearAlgebra ( dot, fromList )+>>> let objf x = x `dot` x + 22                         -- define objective+>>> let stop = ObjectiveRelativeTolerance 1e-6 :| []    -- define stopping criterion+>>> let algorithm = NELDERMEAD objf [] Nothing          -- specify algorithm+>>> let problem = LocalProblem 2 stop algorithm         -- specify problem+>>> let x0 = fromList [5, 10]                           -- specify initial guess+>>> minimizeLocal problem x0+Right (Solution {solutionCost = 22.0, solutionParams = [0.0,0.0], solutionResult = FTOL_REACHED})++-}++module Numeric.Optimization.NLOPT (+  -- * Specifying the objective function+  Objective+  , ObjectiveD+  , Preconditioner+  -- * Specifying the constraints+  -- ** Bound constraints+  , Bounds(..)+  -- ** Nonlinear constraints+  --+  -- $nonlinearconstraints++  -- *** Constraint functions+  , ScalarConstraint+  , ScalarConstraintD+  , VectorConstraint+  , VectorConstraintD+  -- *** Constraint types+  , Constraint(..)+  , EqualityConstraint(..)+  , InequalityConstraint(..)+  -- *** Collections of constraints+  , EqualityConstraints+  , EqualityConstraintsD+  , InequalityConstraints+  , InequalityConstraintsD+  -- * Stopping conditions+  --+  -- $nonempty+  , StoppingCondition(..)+  , NonEmpty(..)+  -- * Additional configuration+  , RandomSeed(..)+  , Population(..)+  , VectorStorage(..)+  , InitialStep(..)+  -- * Minimization problems+  -- ** Local minimization+  , LocalAlgorithm(..)+  , LocalProblem(..)+  , minimizeLocal+  -- ** Global minimization+  , GlobalAlgorithm(..)+  , GlobalProblem(..)+  , minimizeGlobal+  -- ** Minimization by augmented Lagrangian+  , AugLagAlgorithm(..)+  , AugLagProblem(..)+  , minimizeAugLag+  -- ** Results+  , Solution(..)+  , N.Result(..)+  ) where++import qualified Numeric.Optimization.NLOPT.Bindings as N++import Data.List.NonEmpty (NonEmpty(..))++import qualified Data.Vector.Storable as V+import Data.Vector.Storable ( Vector )++import Control.Exception ( Exception )+import qualified Control.Exception as Ex+import Data.Typeable ( Typeable )+import Data.Foldable ( traverse_ )++import System.IO.Unsafe ( unsafePerformIO )++-- each element i contains a row vec +type Matrix a = [Vector a]++flatten :: V.Storable a => Matrix a -> Vector a +flatten = V.concat+{-# INLINE flatten #-}++{- Function wrapping for the immutable HMatrix interface -}+wrapScalarFunction :: (Vector Double -> Double) -> N.ScalarFunction ()+wrapScalarFunction f params _ _ = return $ f params++wrapScalarFunctionD :: (Vector Double -> (Double, Vector Double))+                    -> N.ScalarFunction ()+wrapScalarFunctionD f params grad _ = do+  case grad of+    Nothing -> return ()+    Just g  -> V.copy g usergrad+  return result+  where+    (result, usergrad) = f params++wrapVectorFunction :: (Vector Double -> Word -> Vector Double)+                   -> Word -> N.VectorFunction ()+wrapVectorFunction f n params vout _ _ = V.copy vout $ f params n++wrapVectorFunctionD :: (Vector Double -> Word -> (Vector Double, Matrix Double))+                    -> Word -> N.VectorFunction ()+wrapVectorFunctionD f n params vout jac _ = do+  V.copy vout result+  case jac of+    Nothing -> return ()+    Just j -> V.copy j (flatten userjac)+  where+    (result, userjac) = f params n++wrapPreconditionerFunction :: (Vector Double -> Vector Double -> Vector Double)+                           -> N.PreconditionerFunction ()+wrapPreconditionerFunction f params v vpre _ = V.copy vpre (f params v)++{- Objective functions -}+-- | An objective function that calculates the objective value at the+-- given parameter vector.+type Objective+  = Vector Double  -- ^ Parameter vector+ -> Double  -- ^ Objective function value++-- | An objective function that calculates both the objective value+-- and the gradient of the objective with respect to the input+-- parameter vector, at the given parameter vector.+type ObjectiveD+  = Vector Double -- ^ Parameter vector+ -> (Double, Vector Double)  -- ^ (Objective function value, gradient)++-- | A preconditioner function, which computes @vpre = H(x) v@, where+-- @H@ is the Hessian matrix: the positive semi-definite second+-- derivative at the given parameter vector @x@, or an approximation+-- thereof.+type Preconditioner+  = Vector Double  -- ^ Parameter vector @x@+ -> Vector Double  -- ^ Vector @v@ to precondition at @x@+ -> Vector Double  -- ^ Preconditioned vector @vpre@++data ObjectiveFunction f+ = MinimumObjective f+ | PreconditionedMinimumObjective Preconditioner f++applyObjective :: N.Opt -> ObjectiveFunction Objective -> IO N.Result+applyObjective opt (MinimumObjective f) =+  N.set_min_objective opt (wrapScalarFunction f) ()+applyObjective opt (PreconditionedMinimumObjective p f) =+  N.set_precond_min_objective opt (wrapScalarFunction f)+  (wrapPreconditionerFunction p) ()++applyObjectiveD :: N.Opt -> ObjectiveFunction ObjectiveD -> IO N.Result+applyObjectiveD opt (MinimumObjective f) =+  N.set_min_objective opt (wrapScalarFunctionD f) ()+applyObjectiveD opt (PreconditionedMinimumObjective p f) =+  N.set_precond_min_objective opt (wrapScalarFunctionD f)+  (wrapPreconditionerFunction p) ()++{- Constraint functions -}+-- | A constraint function which returns @c(x)@ given the parameter+-- vector @x@.  The constraint will enforce that @c(x) == 0@ (equality+-- constraint) or @c(x) <= 0@ (inequality constraint).+type ScalarConstraint+  = Vector Double  -- ^ Parameter vector @x@+ -> Double  -- ^ Constraint violation (deviation from 0)++-- | A constraint function which returns @c(x)@ given the parameter+-- vector @x@ along with the gradient of @c(x)@ with respect to @x@ at+-- that point.  The constraint will enforce that @c(x) == 0@ (equality+-- constraint) or @c(x) <= 0@ (inequality constraint).+type ScalarConstraintD+  = Vector Double  -- ^ Parameter vector+ -> (Double, Vector Double)  -- ^ (Constraint violation, constraint gradient)++-- | A constraint function which returns a vector @c(x)@ given the+-- parameter vector @x@.  The constraint will enforce that @c(x) == 0@+-- (equality constraint) or @c(x) <= 0@ (inequality constraint).+type VectorConstraint+  = Vector Double  -- ^ Parameter vector+  -> Word           -- ^ Constraint Vectorize+  -> Vector Double  -- ^ Constraint violation vector++-- | A constraint function which returns @c(x)@ given the parameter+-- vector @x@ along with the Jacobian (first derivative) matrix of+-- @c(x)@ with respect to @x@ at that point.  The constraint will+-- enforce that @c(x) == 0@ (equality constraint) or @c(x) <= 0@+-- (inequality constraint).+type VectorConstraintD+  = Vector Double  -- ^ Parameter vector+  -> Word  -- ^ Constraint Vectorize+  -> (Vector Double, Matrix Double)  -- ^ (Constraint violation vector,+                                     -- constraint Jacobian)++-- $nonlinearconstraints+--+-- Note that most NLOPT algorithms do not support nonlinear+-- constraints natively; if you need to enforce nonlinear constraints,+-- you may want to use the 'AugLagAlgorithm' family of solvers, which+-- can add nonlinear constraints to some algorithm that does not+-- support them by a principled modification of the objective+-- function.+--+-- == Example program+--+-- The following interactive session example enforces a scalar+-- constraint on the problem given in the beginning of the module: the+-- parameters must always sum to 1.  The minimizer finds a constrained+-- minimum of 22.5 at @(0.5, 0.5)@.+--+-- >>> import Numeric.LinearAlgebra ( dot, fromList, toList )+-- >>> let objf x = x `dot` x + 22+-- >>> let stop = ObjectiveRelativeTolerance 1e-9 :| []+-- >>>          -- define constraint function:+-- >>> let constraintf x = sum (toList x) - 1.0+-- >>>          -- define constraint object to pass to the algorithm:+-- >>> let constraint = EqualityConstraint (Scalar constraintf) 1e-6+-- >>> let algorithm = COBYLA objf [] [] [constraint] Nothing+-- >>> let problem = LocalProblem 2 stop algorithm+-- >>> let x0 = fromList [5, 10]+-- >>> minimizeLocal problem x0+-- Right (Solution {solutionCost = 22.500000000013028, solutionParams = [0.5000025521533521,0.49999744784664796], solutionResult = FTOL_REACHED})+++data Constraint s v+  -- | A scalar constraint.+  = Scalar s+  -- | A vector constraint.+  | Vector Word v+  -- | A scalar constraint with an attached preconditioning function.+  | Preconditioned Preconditioner s++-- | An equality constraint, comprised of both the constraint function+-- (or functions, if a preconditioner is used) along with the desired+-- tolerance.+data EqualityConstraint s v = EqualityConstraint+  { eqConstraintFunctions :: Constraint s v+  , eqConstraintTolerance :: Double+  }++-- | An inequality constraint, comprised of both the constraint+-- function (or functions, if a preconditioner is used) along with the+-- desired tolerance.+data InequalityConstraint s v = InequalityConstraint+  { ineqConstraintFunctions :: Constraint s v+  , ineqConstraintTolerance :: Double+  }++-- | A collection of equality constraints that do not supply+-- constraint derivatives.+type EqualityConstraints =+  [EqualityConstraint ScalarConstraint VectorConstraint]++-- | A collection of inequality constraints that do not supply+-- constraint derivatives.+type InequalityConstraints =+  [InequalityConstraint ScalarConstraint VectorConstraint]++-- | A collection of equality constraints that supply constraint+-- derivatives.+type EqualityConstraintsD = [EqualityConstraint ScalarConstraintD VectorConstraintD]++-- | A collection of inequality constraints that supply constraint+-- derivatives.+type InequalityConstraintsD = [InequalityConstraint ScalarConstraintD VectorConstraintD]++class ApplyConstraint constraint where+  applyConstraint :: N.Opt -> constraint -> IO N.Result++instance ApplyConstraint (EqualityConstraint ScalarConstraint VectorConstraint) where+  applyConstraint opt (EqualityConstraint ty tol) = case ty of+    Scalar s           ->+      N.add_equality_constraint opt (wrapScalarFunction s) () tol+    Vector n v         ->+      N.add_equality_mconstraint opt n (wrapVectorFunction v n) () tol+    Preconditioned p s ->+      N.add_precond_equality_constraint opt (wrapScalarFunction s)+      (wrapPreconditionerFunction p) () tol++instance ApplyConstraint (InequalityConstraint ScalarConstraint VectorConstraint) where+  applyConstraint opt (InequalityConstraint ty tol) = case ty of+    Scalar s           ->+      N.add_inequality_constraint opt (wrapScalarFunction s) () tol+    Vector n v         ->+      N.add_inequality_mconstraint opt n (wrapVectorFunction v n) () tol+    Preconditioned p s ->+      N.add_precond_inequality_constraint opt (wrapScalarFunction s)+      (wrapPreconditionerFunction p) () tol++instance ApplyConstraint (EqualityConstraint ScalarConstraintD VectorConstraintD) where+  applyConstraint opt (EqualityConstraint ty tol) = case ty of+    Scalar s           ->+      N.add_equality_constraint opt (wrapScalarFunctionD s) () tol+    Vector n v         ->+      N.add_equality_mconstraint opt n (wrapVectorFunctionD v n) () tol+    Preconditioned p s ->+      N.add_precond_equality_constraint opt (wrapScalarFunctionD s)+      (wrapPreconditionerFunction p) () tol++instance ApplyConstraint (InequalityConstraint ScalarConstraintD VectorConstraintD) where+  applyConstraint opt (InequalityConstraint ty tol) = case ty of+    Scalar s           ->+      N.add_inequality_constraint opt (wrapScalarFunctionD s) () tol+    Vector n v         ->+      N.add_inequality_mconstraint opt n (wrapVectorFunctionD v n) () tol+    Preconditioned p s ->+      N.add_precond_inequality_constraint opt (wrapScalarFunctionD s)+      (wrapPreconditionerFunction p) () tol++{- Bounds -}++-- | Bound constraints are specified by vectors of the same dimension+-- as the parameter space.+--+-- == Example program+--+-- The following interactive session example enforces lower bounds on+-- the example from the beginning of the module.  This prevents the+-- optimizer from locating the true minimum at @(0, 0)@; a slightly+-- higher constrained minimum at @(1, 1)@ is found.  Note that the+-- optimizer returns 'N.XTOL_REACHED' rather than 'N.FTOL_REACHED',+-- because the bound constraint is active at the final minimum.+--+-- >>> import Numeric.LinearAlgebra ( dot, fromList )+-- >>> let objf x = x `dot` x + 22                           -- define objective+-- >>> let stop = ObjectiveRelativeTolerance 1e-6 :| []      -- define stopping criterion+-- >>> let lowerbound = LowerBounds $ fromList [1, 1]        -- specify bounds+-- >>> let algorithm = NELDERMEAD objf [lowerbound] Nothing  -- specify algorithm+-- >>> let problem = LocalProblem 2 stop algorithm           -- specify problem+-- >>> let x0 = fromList [5, 10]                             -- specify initial guess+-- >>> minimizeLocal problem x0+-- Right (Solution {solutionCost = 24.0, solutionParams = [1.0,1.0], solutionResult = XTOL_REACHED})+data Bounds+  -- | Lower bound vector @v@ means we want @x >= v@.+ = LowerBounds (Vector Double)+ -- | Upper bound vector @u@ means we want @x <= u@.+ | UpperBounds (Vector Double)+ deriving (Eq, Show, Read)++applyBounds :: N.Opt -> Bounds -> IO N.Result+applyBounds opt (LowerBounds lbvec) = N.set_lower_bounds opt lbvec+applyBounds opt (UpperBounds ubvec) = N.set_upper_bounds opt ubvec++{- Stopping conditions -}++-- | A 'StoppingCondition' tells NLOPT when to stop working on a+-- minimization problem.  When multiple 'StoppingCondition's are+-- provided, the problem will stop when any one condition is met.+data StoppingCondition+  -- | Stop minimizing when an objective value @J@ less than or equal+  -- to the provided value is found.+  = MinimumValue Double+  -- | Stop minimizing when an optimization step changes the objective+  -- value @J@ by less than the provided tolerance multiplied by @|J|@.+  | ObjectiveRelativeTolerance Double+  -- | Stop minimizing when an optimization step changes the objective+  -- value by less than the provided tolerance.+  | ObjectiveAbsoluteTolerance Double+  -- | Stop when an optimization step changes /every element/ of the+  -- parameter vector @x@ by less than @x@ scaled by the provided+  -- tolerance.+  | ParameterRelativeTolerance Double+  -- | Stop when an optimization step changes /every element/ of the+  -- parameter vector @x@ by less than the corresponding element in+  -- the provided vector of tolerances values.+  | ParameterAbsoluteTolerance (Vector Double)+  -- | Stop when the number of evaluations of the objective function+  -- exceeds the provided count.+  | MaximumEvaluations Word+  -- | Stop when the optimization time exceeds the provided time (in+  -- seconds).  This is not a precise limit.+  | MaximumTime Double+  deriving (Eq, Show, Read)++-- $nonempty+--+-- The 'NonEmpty' data type from 'Data.List.NonEmpty' is re-exported+-- here, because it is used to ensure that you always specify at least+-- one stopping condition.++applyStoppingCondition :: N.Opt -> StoppingCondition -> IO N.Result+applyStoppingCondition opt (MinimumValue x) = N.set_stopval opt x+applyStoppingCondition opt (ObjectiveRelativeTolerance x) = N.set_ftol_rel opt x+applyStoppingCondition opt (ObjectiveAbsoluteTolerance x) = N.set_ftol_abs opt x+applyStoppingCondition opt (ParameterRelativeTolerance x) = N.set_xtol_rel opt x+applyStoppingCondition opt (ParameterAbsoluteTolerance v) = N.set_xtol_abs opt v+applyStoppingCondition opt (MaximumEvaluations n) = N.set_maxeval opt n+applyStoppingCondition opt (MaximumTime deltat) = N.set_maxtime opt deltat++{- Random seed control -}++-- | This specifies how to initialize the random number generator for+-- stochastic algorithms.+data RandomSeed+  -- | Seed the RNG with the provided value.+  = SeedValue Word+  -- | Seed the RNG using the system clock.+  | SeedFromTime+  -- | Don't perform any explicit initialization of the RNG.+  | Don'tSeed+  deriving (Eq, Show, Read)++applyRandomSeed :: RandomSeed -> IO ()+applyRandomSeed Don'tSeed = return ()+applyRandomSeed (SeedValue n) = N.srand n+applyRandomSeed SeedFromTime = N.srand_time++{- Random stuff -}++-- | This specifies the population size for algorithms that use a pool+-- of solutions.+newtype Population = Population Word deriving (Eq, Show, Read)++applyPopulation :: N.Opt -> Population -> IO N.Result+applyPopulation opt (Population n) = N.set_population opt n++-- | This specifies the memory size to be used by algorithms like+-- 'LBFGS' which store approximate Hessian or Jacobian matrices.+newtype VectorStorage = VectorStorage Word deriving (Eq, Show, Read)++applyVectorStorage :: N.Opt -> VectorStorage -> IO N.Result+applyVectorStorage opt (VectorStorage n) = N.set_vector_storage opt n++-- | This vector with the same dimension as the parameter vector @x@+-- specifies the initial step for the optimizer to take.  (This+-- applies to local gradient-free algorithms, which cannot use+-- gradients to estimate how big a step to take.)+newtype InitialStep = InitialStep (Vector Double) deriving (Eq, Show, Read)++applyInitialStep :: N.Opt -> InitialStep -> IO N.Result+applyInitialStep opt (InitialStep v) = N.set_initial_step opt v++{- Algorithms -}++data GlobalProblem = GlobalProblem+  { lowerBounds :: Vector Double        -- ^ Lower bounds for @x@+  , upperBounds :: Vector Double        -- ^ Upper bounds for @x@+  , gstop :: NonEmpty StoppingCondition -- ^ At least one stopping+                                        -- condition+  , galgorithm :: GlobalAlgorithm       -- ^ Algorithm specification+  }++-- | These are the global minimization algorithms provided by NLOPT.  Please see+-- <http://ab-initio.mit.edu/wiki/index.php/NLopt_Algorithms the NLOPT algorithm manual>+-- for more details on how the methods work and how they relate to one another.+--+-- Optional parameters are wrapped in a 'Maybe'; for example, if you+-- see 'Maybe' 'Population', you can simply specify 'Nothing' to use+-- the default behavior.+data GlobalAlgorithm+    -- | DIviding RECTangles+  = DIRECT Objective+    -- | DIviding RECTangles, locally-biased variant+  | DIRECT_L Objective+    -- | DIviding RECTangles, "slightly randomized"+  | DIRECT_L_RAND Objective RandomSeed+    -- | DIviding RECTangles, unscaled version+  | DIRECT_NOSCAL Objective+    -- | DIviding RECTangles, locally-biased and unscaled+  | DIRECT_L_NOSCAL Objective+    -- | DIviding RECTangles, locally-biased, unscaled and "slightly+    -- randomized"+  | DIRECT_L_RAND_NOSCAL Objective RandomSeed+    -- | DIviding RECTangles, original FORTRAN implementation+  | ORIG_DIRECT Objective InequalityConstraints+    -- | DIviding RECTangles, locally-biased, original FORTRAN+    -- implementation+  | ORIG_DIRECT_L Objective InequalityConstraints+    -- | Stochastic Global Optimization.+    -- __This algorithm is only available if you have linked with @libnlopt_cxx@.__+  | STOGO ObjectiveD+    -- | Stochastic Global Optimization, randomized variant.+    -- __This algorithm is only available if you have linked with @libnlopt_cxx@.__+  | STOGO_RAND ObjectiveD RandomSeed+    -- | Controlled Random Search with Local Mutation+  | CRS2_LM Objective RandomSeed (Maybe Population)+    -- | Improved Stochastic Ranking Evolution Strategy+  | ISRES Objective InequalityConstraints EqualityConstraints RandomSeed (Maybe Population)+    -- | Evolutionary Algorithm+  | ESCH Objective+    -- | Original Multi-Level Single-Linkage+  | MLSL Objective LocalProblem (Maybe Population)+    -- | Multi-Level Single-Linkage with Sobol Low-Discrepancy+    -- Sequence for starting points+  | MLSL_LDS Objective LocalProblem (Maybe Population)++algorithmEnumOfGlobal :: GlobalAlgorithm -> N.Algorithm+algorithmEnumOfGlobal (DIRECT _)                 = N.GN_DIRECT+algorithmEnumOfGlobal (DIRECT_L _)               = N.GN_DIRECT_L+algorithmEnumOfGlobal (DIRECT_L_RAND _ _)        = N.GN_DIRECT_L_RAND+algorithmEnumOfGlobal (DIRECT_NOSCAL _)          = N.GN_DIRECT_NOSCAL+algorithmEnumOfGlobal (DIRECT_L_NOSCAL _)        = N.GN_DIRECT_L_NOSCAL+algorithmEnumOfGlobal (DIRECT_L_RAND_NOSCAL _ _) = N.GN_DIRECT_L_RAND_NOSCAL+algorithmEnumOfGlobal (ORIG_DIRECT _ _)          = N.GN_ORIG_DIRECT+algorithmEnumOfGlobal (ORIG_DIRECT_L _ _)        = N.GN_ORIG_DIRECT_L+algorithmEnumOfGlobal (STOGO _)                  = N.GD_STOGO+algorithmEnumOfGlobal (STOGO_RAND _ _)           = N.GD_STOGO_RAND+algorithmEnumOfGlobal (CRS2_LM _ _ _)            = N.GN_CRS2_LM+algorithmEnumOfGlobal (ISRES _ _ _ _ _)          = N.GN_ISRES+algorithmEnumOfGlobal (ESCH _)                   = N.GN_ESCH+algorithmEnumOfGlobal (MLSL _ _ _)               = N.G_MLSL+algorithmEnumOfGlobal (MLSL_LDS _ _ _)           = N.G_MLSL_LDS++applyGlobalObjective :: N.Opt -> GlobalAlgorithm -> IO ()+applyGlobalObjective opt alg = go alg+  where+    obj = tryTo . applyObjective opt . MinimumObjective+    objD = tryTo . applyObjectiveD opt . MinimumObjective++    go (DIRECT o)                 = obj o+    go (DIRECT_L o)               = obj o+    go (DIRECT_NOSCAL o)          = obj o+    go (DIRECT_L_NOSCAL o)        = obj o+    go (ESCH o)                   = obj o+    go (STOGO o)                  = objD o+    go (DIRECT_L_RAND o _)        = obj o+    go (DIRECT_L_RAND_NOSCAL o _) = obj o+    go (ORIG_DIRECT o _)          = obj o+    go (ORIG_DIRECT_L o _)        = obj o+    go (STOGO_RAND o _)           = objD o+    go (CRS2_LM o _ _)            = obj o+    go (ISRES o _ _ _ _)          = obj o+    go (MLSL o _ _)               = obj o+    go (MLSL_LDS o _ _)           = obj o++applyGlobalAlgorithm :: N.Opt -> GlobalAlgorithm -> IO ()+applyGlobalAlgorithm opt alg = do+  applyGlobalObjective opt alg+  go alg+  where+    seed = applyRandomSeed+    pop = maybe (return ()) (tryTo . applyPopulation opt)+    ic = traverse_ (tryTo . applyConstraint opt)+    ec = traverse_ (tryTo . applyConstraint opt)++    local lp = setupLocalProblem lp >>= N.set_local_optimizer opt++    go (DIRECT_L_RAND _ s)        = seed s+    go (DIRECT_L_RAND_NOSCAL _ s) = seed s+    go (ORIG_DIRECT _ ineq)       = ic ineq+    go (ORIG_DIRECT_L _ ineq)     = ic ineq+    go (STOGO_RAND _ s)           = seed s+    go (CRS2_LM _ s p)            = seed s *> pop p+    go (ISRES _ ineq eq s p)      = ic ineq *> ec eq *> seed s *> pop p+    go (MLSL _ lp p)              = local lp *> pop p+    go (MLSL_LDS _ lp p)          = local lp *> pop p+    go _                          = return ()++tryTo :: IO N.Result -> IO ()+tryTo act = do+  result <- act+  if (N.isSuccess result)+    then return ()+    else Ex.throw $ NloptException result++data NloptException = NloptException N.Result deriving (Show, Typeable)+instance Exception NloptException++-- | Solve the specified global optimization problem.+--+-- = Example program+--+-- The following interactive session example uses the 'ISRES'+-- algorithm, a stochastic, derivative-free global optimizer, to+-- minimize a trivial function with a minimum of 22.0 at @(0, 0)@.+-- The search is conducted within a box from -10 to 10 in each+-- dimension.+--+-- >>> import Numeric.LinearAlgebra ( dot, fromList )+-- >>> let objf x = x `dot` x + 22                              -- define objective+-- >>> let stop = ObjectiveRelativeTolerance 1e-12 :| []        -- define stopping criterion+-- >>> let algorithm = ISRES objf [] [] (SeedValue 22) Nothing  -- specify algorithm+-- >>> let lowerbounds = fromList [-10, -10]                    -- specify bounds+-- >>> let upperbounds = fromList [10, 10]                      -- specify bounds+-- >>> let problem = GlobalProblem lowerbounds upperbounds stop algorithm+-- >>> let x0 = fromList [5, 8]                                 -- specify initial guess+-- >>> minimizeGlobal problem x0+-- Right (Solution {solutionCost = 22.000000000002807, solutionParams = [-1.660591102367038e-6,2.2407062393213684e-7], solutionResult = FTOL_REACHED})+minimizeGlobal :: GlobalProblem  -- ^ Problem specification+               -> Vector Double  -- ^ Initial parameter guess+               -> Either N.Result Solution  -- ^ Optimization results+minimizeGlobal prob x0 =+  unsafePerformIO $ (Right <$> minimizeGlobal' prob x0) `Ex.catch` handler+  where+    handler :: NloptException -> IO (Either N.Result a)+    handler (NloptException retcode) = return $ Left retcode++applyGlobalProblem :: N.Opt -> GlobalProblem -> IO ()+applyGlobalProblem opt (GlobalProblem lb ub stop alg) = do+  tryTo $ applyBounds opt (LowerBounds lb)+  tryTo $ applyBounds opt (UpperBounds ub)+  traverse_ (tryTo . applyStoppingCondition opt) stop+  applyGlobalAlgorithm opt alg++newOpt :: N.Algorithm -> Word -> IO N.Opt+newOpt alg sz = do+  opt' <- N.create alg sz+  case opt' of+    Nothing -> Ex.throw $ NloptException N.FAILURE+    Just opt -> return opt++setupGlobalProblem :: GlobalProblem -> IO N.Opt+setupGlobalProblem gp@(GlobalProblem _ _ _ alg) = do+  opt <- newOpt (algorithmEnumOfGlobal alg) (problemSize gp)+  applyGlobalProblem opt gp+  return opt++solveProblem :: N.Opt -> Vector Double -> IO Solution+solveProblem opt x0 = do+  (N.Output outret outcost outx nevals) <- N.optimize opt x0+  if (N.isSuccess outret)+    then return $ Solution outcost outx outret nevals+    else Ex.throw $ NloptException outret++minimizeGlobal' :: GlobalProblem -> Vector Double -> IO Solution+minimizeGlobal' gp x0 = do+  opt <- setupGlobalProblem gp+  solveProblem opt x0++data LocalProblem = LocalProblem+  { lsize :: Word                       -- ^ The dimension of the+                                        -- parameter vector.+  , lstop :: NonEmpty StoppingCondition -- ^ At least one stopping+                                        -- condition+  , lalgorithm :: LocalAlgorithm        -- ^ Algorithm specification+  }++-- | These are the local minimization algorithms provided by NLOPT.  Please see+-- <http://ab-initio.mit.edu/wiki/index.php/NLopt_Algorithms the NLOPT algorithm manual>+-- for more details on how the methods work and how they relate to one+-- another.  Note that some local methods require you provide+-- derivatives (gradients or Jacobians) for your objective function+-- and constraint functions.+--+-- Optional parameters are wrapped in a 'Maybe'; for example, if you+-- see 'Maybe' 'VectorStorage', you can simply specify 'Nothing' to+-- use the default behavior.+data LocalAlgorithm+    -- | Limited-memory BFGS+  = LBFGS_NOCEDAL ObjectiveD (Maybe VectorStorage)+    -- | Limited-memory BFGS+  | LBFGS ObjectiveD (Maybe VectorStorage)+    -- | Shifted limited-memory variable-metric, rank-2+  | VAR2 ObjectiveD (Maybe VectorStorage)+    -- | Shifted limited-memory variable-metric, rank-1+  | VAR1 ObjectiveD (Maybe VectorStorage)+    -- | Truncated Newton's method+  | TNEWTON ObjectiveD (Maybe VectorStorage)+    -- | Truncated Newton's method with automatic restarting+  | TNEWTON_RESTART ObjectiveD (Maybe VectorStorage)+    -- | Preconditioned truncated Newton's method+  | TNEWTON_PRECOND ObjectiveD (Maybe VectorStorage)+    -- | Preconditioned truncated Newton's method with automatic+    -- restarting+  | TNEWTON_PRECOND_RESTART ObjectiveD (Maybe VectorStorage)+    -- | Method of moving averages+  | MMA ObjectiveD InequalityConstraintsD+    -- | Sequential Least-Squares Quadratic Programming+  | SLSQP ObjectiveD [Bounds] InequalityConstraintsD EqualityConstraintsD+    -- | Conservative Convex Separable Approximation+  | CCSAQ ObjectiveD Preconditioner+    -- | PRincipal AXIS gradient-free local optimization+  | PRAXIS Objective [Bounds] (Maybe InitialStep)+    -- | Constrained Optimization BY Linear Approximations+  | COBYLA Objective [Bounds] InequalityConstraints EqualityConstraints+    (Maybe InitialStep)+    -- | Powell's NEWUOA algorithm+  | NEWUOA Objective (Maybe InitialStep)+    -- | Powell's NEWUOA algorithm with bounds by SGJ+  | NEWUOA_BOUND Objective [Bounds] (Maybe InitialStep)+    -- | Nelder-Mead Simplex gradient-free method+  | NELDERMEAD Objective [Bounds] (Maybe InitialStep)+    -- | NLOPT implementation of Rowan's Subplex algorithm+  | SBPLX Objective [Bounds] (Maybe InitialStep)+    -- | Bounded Optimization BY Quadratic Approximations+  | BOBYQA Objective [Bounds] (Maybe InitialStep)++algorithmEnumOfLocal :: LocalAlgorithm -> N.Algorithm+algorithmEnumOfLocal (LBFGS_NOCEDAL _ _)           = N.LD_LBFGS_NOCEDAL+algorithmEnumOfLocal (LBFGS _ _)                   = N.LD_LBFGS+algorithmEnumOfLocal (VAR2 _ _)                    = N.LD_VAR2+algorithmEnumOfLocal (VAR1 _ _)                    = N.LD_VAR1+algorithmEnumOfLocal (TNEWTON _ _)                 = N.LD_TNEWTON+algorithmEnumOfLocal (TNEWTON_RESTART _ _)         = N.LD_TNEWTON_RESTART+algorithmEnumOfLocal (TNEWTON_PRECOND _ _)         = N.LD_TNEWTON_PRECOND+algorithmEnumOfLocal (TNEWTON_PRECOND_RESTART _ _) = N.LD_TNEWTON_PRECOND_RESTART+algorithmEnumOfLocal (MMA _ _)                     = N.LD_MMA+algorithmEnumOfLocal (SLSQP _ _ _ _)               = N.LD_SLSQP+algorithmEnumOfLocal (CCSAQ _ _)                   = N.LD_CCSAQ+algorithmEnumOfLocal (PRAXIS _ _ _)                = N.LN_PRAXIS+algorithmEnumOfLocal (COBYLA _ _ _ _ _)            = N.LN_COBYLA+algorithmEnumOfLocal (NEWUOA _ _)                  = N.LN_NEWUOA+algorithmEnumOfLocal (NEWUOA_BOUND _ _ _)          = N.LN_NEWUOA+algorithmEnumOfLocal (NELDERMEAD _ _ _)            = N.LN_NELDERMEAD+algorithmEnumOfLocal (SBPLX _ _ _)                 = N.LN_SBPLX+algorithmEnumOfLocal (BOBYQA _ _ _)                = N.LN_BOBYQA++applyLocalObjective :: N.Opt -> LocalAlgorithm -> IO ()+applyLocalObjective opt alg = go alg+  where+    obj = tryTo . applyObjective opt . MinimumObjective+    objD = tryTo . applyObjectiveD opt . MinimumObjective+    precond p = tryTo . applyObjectiveD opt . PreconditionedMinimumObjective p++    go (LBFGS_NOCEDAL o _)           = objD o+    go (LBFGS o _)                   = objD o+    go (VAR2 o _)                    = objD o+    go (VAR1 o _)                    = objD o+    go (TNEWTON o _)                 = objD o+    go (TNEWTON_RESTART o _)         = objD o+    go (TNEWTON_PRECOND o _)         = objD o+    go (TNEWTON_PRECOND_RESTART o _) = objD o+    go (MMA o _)                     = objD o+    go (SLSQP o _ _ _)               = objD o+    go (CCSAQ o prec)                = precond prec o+    go (PRAXIS o _ _)                = obj o+    go (COBYLA o _ _ _ _)            = obj o+    go (NEWUOA o _)                  = obj o+    go (NEWUOA_BOUND o _ _)          = obj o+    go (NELDERMEAD o _ _)            = obj o+    go (SBPLX o _ _)                 = obj o+    go (BOBYQA o _ _)                = obj o++applyLocalAlgorithm :: N.Opt -> LocalAlgorithm -> IO ()+applyLocalAlgorithm opt alg = do+  applyLocalObjective opt alg+  go alg+  where+    ic = traverse_ (tryTo . applyConstraint opt)+    icd = traverse_ (tryTo . applyConstraint opt)+    ec = traverse_ (tryTo . applyConstraint opt)+    ecd = traverse_ (tryTo . applyConstraint opt)+    store = maybe (return ()) (tryTo . applyVectorStorage opt)+    bound = traverse_ (tryTo . applyBounds opt)+    step0 = maybe (return ()) (tryTo . applyInitialStep opt)++    go (LBFGS_NOCEDAL _ vs)           = store vs+    go (LBFGS _ vs)                   = store vs+    go (VAR2 _ vs)                    = store vs+    go (VAR1 _ vs)                    = store vs+    go (TNEWTON _ vs)                 = store vs+    go (TNEWTON_RESTART _ vs)         = store vs+    go (TNEWTON_PRECOND _ vs)         = store vs+    go (TNEWTON_PRECOND_RESTART _ vs) = store vs+    go (MMA _ ineqd)                  = icd ineqd+    go (SLSQP _ b ineqd eqd)          =+      bound b *> icd ineqd *> ecd eqd+    go (CCSAQ _ _   )                 = return ()+    go (PRAXIS _ b s)                 = bound b *> step0 s+    go (COBYLA _ b ineq eq s)         =+      bound b *> ic ineq *> ec eq *> step0 s+    go (NEWUOA _ s)                   = step0 s+    go (NEWUOA_BOUND _ b s)           = bound b *> step0 s+    go (NELDERMEAD _ b s)             = bound b *> step0 s+    go (SBPLX _ b s)                  = bound b *> step0 s+    go (BOBYQA _ b s)                 = bound b *> step0 s++applyLocalProblem :: N.Opt -> LocalProblem -> IO ()+applyLocalProblem opt (LocalProblem _ stop alg) = do+  traverse_ (tryTo . applyStoppingCondition opt) stop+  applyLocalAlgorithm opt alg++setupLocalProblem :: LocalProblem -> IO N.Opt+setupLocalProblem lp@(LocalProblem sz _ alg) = do+  opt <- newOpt (algorithmEnumOfLocal alg) sz+  applyLocalProblem opt lp+  return opt++minimizeLocal' :: LocalProblem -> Vector Double -> IO Solution+minimizeLocal' lp x0 = do+  opt <- setupLocalProblem lp+  solveProblem opt x0++-- |+-- == Example program+--+-- The following interactive session example enforces the same scalar+-- constraint as the nonlinear constraint example, but this time it+-- uses the SLSQP solver to find the minimum.+--+-- >>> import Numeric.LinearAlgebra ( dot, fromList, toList, scale )+-- >>> let objf x = (x `dot` x + 22, 2 `scale` x)+-- >>> let stop = ObjectiveRelativeTolerance 1e-9 :| []+-- >>> let constraintf x = (sum (toList x) - 1.0, fromList [1, 1])+-- >>> let constraint = EqualityConstraint (Scalar constraintf) 1e-6+-- >>> let algorithm = SLSQP objf [] [] [constraint]+-- >>> let problem = LocalProblem 2 stop algorithm+-- >>> let x0 = fromList [5, 10]+-- >>> minimizeLocal problem x0+-- Right (Solution {solutionCost = 22.5, solutionParams = [0.4999999999999998,0.5000000000000002], solutionResult = FTOL_REACHED})+minimizeLocal :: LocalProblem -> Vector Double -> Either N.Result Solution+minimizeLocal prob x0 =+  unsafePerformIO $ (Right <$> minimizeLocal' prob x0) `Ex.catch` handler+  where+    handler :: NloptException -> IO (Either N.Result a)+    handler (NloptException retcode) = return $ Left retcode++class ProblemSize c where+  problemSize :: c -> Word++instance ProblemSize LocalProblem where+  problemSize = lsize++instance ProblemSize GlobalProblem where+  problemSize = fromIntegral . V.length . lowerBounds++instance ProblemSize AugLagProblem where+  problemSize (AugLagProblem _ _ alg) = case alg of+    AUGLAG_LOCAL lp _ _  -> problemSize lp+    AUGLAG_EQ_LOCAL lp   -> problemSize lp+    AUGLAG_GLOBAL gp _ _ -> problemSize gp+    AUGLAG_EQ_GLOBAL gp  -> problemSize gp+++-- | __IMPORTANT NOTE__+--+-- For augmented lagrangian problems, you, the user, are responsible+-- for providing the appropriate type of constraint.  If the+-- subsidiary problem requires an `ObjectiveD`, then you should+-- provide constraint functions with derivatives.  If the subsidiary+-- problem requires an `Objective`, you should provide constraint+-- functions without derivatives.  If you don't do this, you may get a+-- runtime error.+data AugLagProblem = AugLagProblem+  { alEquality :: EqualityConstraints   -- ^ Possibly empty set of+                                        -- equality constraints+  , alEqualityD :: EqualityConstraintsD -- ^ Possibly empty set of+                                        -- equality constraints with+                                        -- derivatives+  , alalgorithm :: AugLagAlgorithm      -- ^ Algorithm specification.+  }++-- | The Augmented Lagrangian solvers allow you to enforce nonlinear+-- constraints while using local or global algorithms that don't+-- natively support them.  The subsidiary problem is used to do the+-- minimization, but the @AUGLAG@ methods modify the objective to+-- enforce the constraints.  Please see+-- <http://ab-initio.mit.edu/wiki/index.php/NLopt_Algorithms the NLOPT algorithm manual>+-- for more details on how the methods work and how they relate to one another.+--+-- See the documentation for 'AugLagProblem' for an important note+-- about the constraint functions.+data AugLagAlgorithm+    -- | AUGmented LAGrangian with a local subsidiary method+  = AUGLAG_LOCAL LocalProblem InequalityConstraints InequalityConstraintsD+    -- | AUGmented LAGrangian with a local subsidiary method and with+    -- penalty functions only for equality constraints+  | AUGLAG_EQ_LOCAL LocalProblem+    -- | AUGmented LAGrangian with a global subsidiary method+  | AUGLAG_GLOBAL GlobalProblem InequalityConstraints InequalityConstraintsD+    -- | AUGmented LAGrangian with a global subsidiary method and with+    -- penalty functions only for equality constraints.+  | AUGLAG_EQ_GLOBAL GlobalProblem++algorithmEnumOfAugLag :: AugLagAlgorithm -> N.Algorithm+algorithmEnumOfAugLag (AUGLAG_LOCAL _ _ _) = N.AUGLAG+algorithmEnumOfAugLag (AUGLAG_EQ_LOCAL _) = N.AUGLAG_EQ+algorithmEnumOfAugLag (AUGLAG_GLOBAL _ _ _) = N.AUGLAG+algorithmEnumOfAugLag (AUGLAG_EQ_GLOBAL _) = N.AUGLAG_EQ++-- | This structure is returned in the event of a successful+-- optimization.+data Solution = Solution+  { solutionCost :: Double          -- ^ The objective function value+                                    -- at the minimum+  , solutionParams :: Vector Double -- ^ The parameter vector which+                                    -- minimizes the objective+  , solutionResult :: N.Result      -- ^ Why the optimizer stopped++  , nEvals :: Int                   -- ^ Number of evaluations until stop+  } deriving (Eq, Show, Read)++applyAugLagAlgorithm :: N.Opt -> AugLagAlgorithm -> IO ()+applyAugLagAlgorithm opt alg = go alg+  where+    ic = traverse_ (tryTo . applyConstraint opt)+    icd = traverse_ (tryTo . applyConstraint opt)+    -- AUGLAG won't work at all if you don't pass it the same+    -- objective as the subproblem -- here we pull out the subproblem+    -- objectives from the algorithm spec and set the same objective+    -- function so the user can't mess it up.+    local lp = tryTo $ do+      localopt <- setupLocalProblem lp+      applyLocalObjective opt (lalgorithm lp)+      N.set_local_optimizer opt localopt+    global gp = do+      tryTo $ setupGlobalProblem gp >>= N.set_local_optimizer opt+      applyGlobalObjective opt (galgorithm gp)++    go (AUGLAG_LOCAL lp ineq ineqd)  = local lp *> ic ineq *> icd ineqd+    go (AUGLAG_EQ_LOCAL lp)          = local lp+    go (AUGLAG_GLOBAL gp ineq ineqd) = global gp *> ic ineq *> icd ineqd+    go (AUGLAG_EQ_GLOBAL gp)         = global gp++applyAugLagProblem :: N.Opt -> AugLagProblem -> IO ()+applyAugLagProblem opt (AugLagProblem eq eqd alg) = do+  traverse_ (tryTo . applyConstraint opt) eq+  traverse_ (tryTo . applyConstraint opt) eqd+  applyAugLagAlgorithm opt alg++minimizeAugLag' :: AugLagProblem -> Vector Double -> IO Solution+minimizeAugLag' ap@(AugLagProblem _ _ alg) x0 = do+  opt <- newOpt (algorithmEnumOfAugLag alg) (problemSize ap)+  applyAugLagProblem opt ap+  solveProblem opt x0++-- |+-- == Example program+--+-- The following interactive session example enforces the same scalar+-- constraint as the nonlinear constraint example, but this time it+-- uses the augmented Lagrangian method to enforce the constraint and+-- the 'SBPLX' algorithm, which does not support nonlinear constraints+-- itself, to perform the minimization.  As before, the parameters+-- must always sum to 1, and the minimizer finds the same constrained+-- minimum of 22.5 at @(0.5, 0.5)@.+--+-- >>> import Numeric.LinearAlgebra ( dot, fromList, toList )+-- >>> let objf x = x `dot` x + 22+-- >>> let stop = ObjectiveRelativeTolerance 1e-9 :| []+-- >>> let algorithm = SBPLX objf [] Nothing+-- >>> let subproblem = LocalProblem 2 stop algorithm+-- >>> let x0 = fromList [5, 10]+-- >>> minimizeLocal subproblem x0+-- Right (Solution {solutionCost = 22.0, solutionParams = [0.0,0.0], solutionResult = FTOL_REACHED})+-- >>>          -- define constraint function:+-- >>> let constraintf x = sum (toList x) - 1.0+-- >>>          -- define constraint object to pass to the algorithm:+-- >>> let constraint = EqualityConstraint (Scalar constraintf) 1e-6+-- >>> let problem = AugLagProblem [constraint] [] (AUGLAG_EQ_LOCAL subproblem)+-- >>> minimizeAugLag problem x0+-- Right (Solution {solutionCost = 22.500000015505844, solutionParams = [0.5000880506776678,0.4999119493223323], solutionResult = FTOL_REACHED})++minimizeAugLag :: AugLagProblem -> Vector Double -> Either N.Result Solution+minimizeAugLag prob x0 =+  unsafePerformIO $ (Right <$> minimizeAugLag' prob x0) `Ex.catch` handler+  where+    handler :: NloptException -> IO (Either N.Result a)+    handler (NloptException retcode) = return $ Left retcode
+ src/Numeric/Optimization/NLOPT/Bindings.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,1075 @@+{-# OPTIONS_GHC -Wall #-}+{-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-}+{-# LANGUAGE NoMonomorphismRestriction #-}++{- |+Module      :  Numeric.Optimization.NLOPT.Bindings+Copyright   :  (c) Matthew Peddie 2017+License     :  BSD3+Maintainer  :  Matthew Peddie <mpeddie@gmail.com>+Stability   :  provisional+Portability :  GHC++Low-level interface to the NLOPT library.  Please see+<http://ab-initio.mit.edu/wiki/index.php/NLopt_Reference the NLOPT reference manual>+for detailed information; the Haskell functions in this module closely+follow the interface to the C library in @nlopt.h@.++Differences between this module and the C interface are documented+here; functions with identical interfaces are not.  In general:++  ['Opt'] corresponds to an @nlopt_opt@ object++  ['Result'] corresponds to @nlopt_result@++  ['V.Vector' 'Double'] corresponds to a @const double *@ input or a+  @double *@ output++  ['ScalarFunction'] corresponds to @nlopt_func@++  ['VectorFunction'] corresponds to @nlopt_mfunc@++  ['PreconditionerFunction'] corresponds to @nlopt_precond@++User data that is handled by @void *@ in the C bindings can be any+Haskell value.++-}++module Numeric.Optimization.NLOPT.Bindings (+  -- * C enums+  Algorithm(..)+  , algorithm_name+  , Result(..)+  , isSuccess+  -- * Optimizer object+  , Opt+  , create+  , destroy+  , copy+  -- * Random number generator seeding+  , srand+  , srand_time+  -- * Metadata+  , Version(..)+  , version+  , get_algorithm+  , get_dimension+  -- * Callbacks+  , ScalarFunction+  , VectorFunction+  , PreconditionerFunction+  -- * Running the optimizer+  , Output(..)+  , optimize+  -- * Objective function configuration+  , set_min_objective+  , set_max_objective+  , set_precond_min_objective+  , set_precond_max_objective+  -- * Bound configuration+  , set_lower_bounds+  , set_lower_bounds1+  , get_lower_bounds+  , set_upper_bounds+  , set_upper_bounds1+  , get_upper_bounds+  -- * Constraint configuration+  , remove_inequality_constraints+  , add_inequality_constraint+  , add_precond_inequality_constraint+  , add_inequality_mconstraint+  , remove_equality_constraints+  , add_equality_constraint+  , add_precond_equality_constraint+  , add_equality_mconstraint+  -- * Stopping criterion configuration+  , set_stopval+  , get_stopval+  , set_ftol_rel+  , get_ftol_rel+  , set_ftol_abs+  , get_ftol_abs+  , set_xtol_rel+  , get_xtol_rel+  , set_xtol_abs1+  , set_xtol_abs+  , get_xtol_abs+  , set_maxeval+  , get_maxeval+  , set_maxtime+  , get_maxtime+  , force_stop+  , set_force_stop+  , get_force_stop+  -- * Algorithm-specific configuration+  , set_local_optimizer+  , set_population+  , get_population+  , set_vector_storage+  , get_vector_storage+  , set_default_initial_step+  , set_initial_step+  , set_initial_step1+  , get_initial_step+  ) where++import Foreign hiding (void)+import Foreign.C.String+import Foreign.C.Types+import qualified Foreign.Concurrent as CFP++import qualified Data.Vector.Storable.Mutable as MV+import qualified Data.Vector.Storable as V++{- C enums -}++-- | The NLOPT algorithm names, apart from the names of the actual+-- optimization methods, follow this scheme:+--+--   [@G@] means a global method+--   [@L@] means a local method+--   [@D@] means a method that requires the derivative+--   [@N@] means a method that does not require the derivative+--   [@*_RAND@] means the algorithm involves some randomization.+--   [@*_NOSCAL@] means the algorithm is *not* scaled to a unit+--   hypercube (i.e. it is sensitive to the units of x)+data Algorithm+  = GN_DIRECT                  -- ^ DIviding RECTangles+  | GN_DIRECT_L                -- ^ DIviding RECTangles,+                               -- locally-biased variant+  | GN_DIRECT_L_RAND           -- ^ DIviding RECTangles, "slightly+                               -- randomized"+  | GN_DIRECT_NOSCAL           -- ^ DIviding RECTangles, unscaled version+  | GN_DIRECT_L_NOSCAL         -- ^ DIviding RECTangles,+                               -- locally-biased and unscaled+  | GN_DIRECT_L_RAND_NOSCAL    -- ^ DIviding RECTangles, locally-biased,+                               -- unscaled and "slightly randomized"+  | GN_ORIG_DIRECT             -- ^ DIviding RECTangles, original FORTRAN+                               -- implementation+  | GN_ORIG_DIRECT_L           -- ^ DIviding RECTangles,+                               -- locally-biased, original FORTRAN+                               -- implementation+  | GD_STOGO                   -- ^ Stochastic Global Optimization+  | GD_STOGO_RAND              -- ^ Stochastic Global Optimization,+                               -- randomized variant+  | LD_LBFGS_NOCEDAL           -- ^ Limited-memory BFGS+  | LD_LBFGS                   -- ^ Limited-memory BFGS+  | LN_PRAXIS                  -- ^ PRincipal AXIS gradient-free local+                               -- optimization+  | LD_VAR2                    -- ^ Shifted limited-memory+                               -- variable-metric, rank-2+  | LD_VAR1                    -- ^ Shifted limited-memory+                               -- variable-metric, rank-1+  | LD_TNEWTON                 -- ^ Truncated Newton's method+  | LD_TNEWTON_RESTART         -- ^ Truncated Newton's method with+                               -- automatic restarting+  | LD_TNEWTON_PRECOND         -- ^ Preconditioned truncated Newton's+                               -- method+  | LD_TNEWTON_PRECOND_RESTART -- ^ Preconditioned truncated Newton's+                               -- method with automatic restarting+  | GN_CRS2_LM                 -- ^ Controlled Random Search with+                               -- Local Mutation+  | GN_MLSL                    -- ^ Original Multi-Level+                               -- Single-Linkage+  | GD_MLSL                    -- ^ Original Multi-Level+                               -- Single-Linkage, user-provided+                               -- derivative+  | GN_MLSL_LDS                -- ^ Multi-Level Single-Linkage with+                               -- Sobol Low-Discrepancy Sequence for+                               -- starting points+  | GD_MLSL_LDS                -- ^ Multi-Level Single-Linkage with+                               -- Sobol Low-Discrepancy Sequence for+                               -- starting points, user-provided+                               -- derivative+  | LD_MMA                     -- ^ Method of moving averages+  | LN_COBYLA                  -- ^ Constrained Optimization BY Linear+                               -- Approximations+  | LN_NEWUOA                  -- ^ Powell's NEWUOA algorithm+  | LN_NEWUOA_BOUND            -- ^ Powell's NEWUOA algorithm with+                               -- bounds by SGJ+  | LN_NELDERMEAD              -- ^ Nelder-Mead Simplex gradient-free+                               -- method+  | LN_SBPLX                   -- ^ NLOPT implementation of Rowan's+                               -- Subplex algorithm+  | LN_AUGLAG                  -- ^ AUGmented LAGrangian+  | LD_AUGLAG                  -- ^ AUGmented LAGrangian,+                               -- user-provided derivative+  | LN_AUGLAG_EQ               -- ^ AUGmented LAGrangian with penalty+                               -- functions only for equality+                               -- constraints+  | LD_AUGLAG_EQ               -- ^ AUGmented LAGrangian with+                               -- penalty functions only for equality+                               -- constraints, user-provided+                               -- derivative+  | LN_BOBYQA                  -- ^ Bounded Optimization BY Quadratic+                               -- Approximations+  | GN_ISRES                   -- ^ Improved Stochastic Ranking+                               -- Evolution Strategy++  | AUGLAG                     -- ^ AUGmented LAGrangian, requires+                               -- local_optimizer to be set+  | AUGLAG_EQ                  -- ^ AUGmented LAGrangian with penalty+                               -- functions only for equality+                               -- constraints, requires+                               -- local_optimizer to be set+  | G_MLSL                     -- ^ Original Multi-Level+                               -- Single-Linkage, user-provided+                               -- derivative, requires local_optimizer+                               -- to be set+  | G_MLSL_LDS                 -- ^ Multi-Level Single-Linkage with+                               -- Sobol Low-Discrepancy Sequence for+                               -- starting points, requires+                               -- local_optimizer to be set+  | LD_SLSQP                   -- ^ Sequential Least-SQuares Programming+  | LD_CCSAQ                   -- ^ Conservative Convex Separable+                               -- Approximation+  | GN_ESCH                    -- ^ Evolutionary Algorithm+  deriving (Eq, Show, Read, Bounded)++instance Enum Algorithm where+  fromEnum GN_DIRECT                  = 0+  fromEnum GN_DIRECT_L                = 1+  fromEnum GN_DIRECT_L_RAND           = 2+  fromEnum GN_DIRECT_NOSCAL           = 3+  fromEnum GN_DIRECT_L_NOSCAL         = 4+  fromEnum GN_DIRECT_L_RAND_NOSCAL    = 5+  fromEnum GN_ORIG_DIRECT             = 6+  fromEnum GN_ORIG_DIRECT_L           = 7+  fromEnum GD_STOGO                   = 8+  fromEnum GD_STOGO_RAND              = 9+  fromEnum LD_LBFGS_NOCEDAL           = 10+  fromEnum LD_LBFGS                   = 11+  fromEnum LN_PRAXIS                  = 12+  fromEnum LD_VAR2                    = 13+  fromEnum LD_VAR1                    = 14+  fromEnum LD_TNEWTON                 = 15+  fromEnum LD_TNEWTON_RESTART         = 16+  fromEnum LD_TNEWTON_PRECOND         = 17+  fromEnum LD_TNEWTON_PRECOND_RESTART = 18+  fromEnum GN_CRS2_LM                 = 19+  fromEnum GN_MLSL                    = 20+  fromEnum GD_MLSL                    = 21+  fromEnum GN_MLSL_LDS                = 22+  fromEnum GD_MLSL_LDS                = 23+  fromEnum LD_MMA                     = 24+  fromEnum LN_COBYLA                  = 25+  fromEnum LN_NEWUOA                  = 26+  fromEnum LN_NEWUOA_BOUND            = 27+  fromEnum LN_NELDERMEAD              = 28+  fromEnum LN_SBPLX                   = 29+  fromEnum LN_AUGLAG                  = 30+  fromEnum LD_AUGLAG                  = 31+  fromEnum LN_AUGLAG_EQ               = 32+  fromEnum LD_AUGLAG_EQ               = 33+  fromEnum LN_BOBYQA                  = 34+  fromEnum GN_ISRES                   = 35+  fromEnum AUGLAG                     = 36+  fromEnum AUGLAG_EQ                  = 37+  fromEnum G_MLSL                     = 38+  fromEnum G_MLSL_LDS                 = 39+  fromEnum LD_SLSQP                   = 40+  fromEnum LD_CCSAQ                   = 41+  fromEnum GN_ESCH                    = 42+  toEnum 0 = GN_DIRECT+  toEnum 1 = GN_DIRECT_L+  toEnum 2 = GN_DIRECT_L_RAND+  toEnum 3 = GN_DIRECT_NOSCAL+  toEnum 4 = GN_DIRECT_L_NOSCAL+  toEnum 5 = GN_DIRECT_L_RAND_NOSCAL+  toEnum 6 = GN_ORIG_DIRECT+  toEnum 7 = GN_ORIG_DIRECT_L+  toEnum 8 = GD_STOGO+  toEnum 9 = GD_STOGO_RAND+  toEnum 10 = LD_LBFGS_NOCEDAL+  toEnum 11 = LD_LBFGS+  toEnum 12 = LN_PRAXIS+  toEnum 13 = LD_VAR2+  toEnum 14 = LD_VAR1+  toEnum 15 = LD_TNEWTON+  toEnum 16 = LD_TNEWTON_RESTART+  toEnum 17 = LD_TNEWTON_PRECOND+  toEnum 18 = LD_TNEWTON_PRECOND_RESTART+  toEnum 19 = GN_CRS2_LM+  toEnum 20 = GN_MLSL+  toEnum 21 = GD_MLSL+  toEnum 22 = GN_MLSL_LDS+  toEnum 23 = GD_MLSL_LDS+  toEnum 24 = LD_MMA+  toEnum 25 = LN_COBYLA+  toEnum 26 = LN_NEWUOA+  toEnum 27 = LN_NEWUOA_BOUND+  toEnum 28 = LN_NELDERMEAD+  toEnum 29 = LN_SBPLX+  toEnum 30 = LN_AUGLAG+  toEnum 31 = LD_AUGLAG+  toEnum 32 = LN_AUGLAG_EQ+  toEnum 33 = LD_AUGLAG_EQ+  toEnum 34 = LN_BOBYQA+  toEnum 35 = GN_ISRES+  toEnum 36 = AUGLAG+  toEnum 37 = AUGLAG_EQ+  toEnum 38 = G_MLSL+  toEnum 39 = G_MLSL_LDS+  toEnum 40 = LD_SLSQP+  toEnum 41 = LD_CCSAQ+  toEnum 42 = GN_ESCH+  toEnum e = error $+             "Algorithm.toEnum: invalid C value '" ++ show e ++ "' received."++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_algorithm_name"+  nlopt_algorithm_name :: CInt -> CString++algorithm_name :: Algorithm -> IO String+algorithm_name = peekCString . nlopt_algorithm_name . fromIntegral . fromEnum++-- | Mostly self-explanatory.+data Result+  = FAILURE  -- ^ Generic failure code+  | INVALID_ARGS+  | OUT_OF_MEMORY+  | ROUNDOFF_LIMITED+  | FORCED_STOP+  | SUCCESS  -- ^ Generic success code+  | STOPVAL_REACHED+  | FTOL_REACHED+  | XTOL_REACHED+  | MAXEVAL_REACHED+  | MAXTIME_REACHED+  deriving (Eq, Read, Show, Bounded)++instance Enum Result where+  fromEnum FAILURE = -1+  fromEnum INVALID_ARGS = -2+  fromEnum OUT_OF_MEMORY = -3+  fromEnum ROUNDOFF_LIMITED = -4+  fromEnum FORCED_STOP = -5+  fromEnum SUCCESS = 1+  fromEnum STOPVAL_REACHED = 2+  fromEnum FTOL_REACHED = 3+  fromEnum XTOL_REACHED = 4+  fromEnum MAXEVAL_REACHED = 5+  fromEnum MAXTIME_REACHED = 6+  toEnum (-1) = FAILURE+  toEnum (-2) = INVALID_ARGS+  toEnum (-3) = OUT_OF_MEMORY+  toEnum (-4) = ROUNDOFF_LIMITED+  toEnum (-5) = FORCED_STOP+  toEnum 1 = SUCCESS+  toEnum 2 = STOPVAL_REACHED+  toEnum 3 = FTOL_REACHED+  toEnum 4 = XTOL_REACHED+  toEnum 5 = MAXEVAL_REACHED+  toEnum 6 = MAXTIME_REACHED+  toEnum e = error $+             "Result.toEnum: invalid C value '" ++ show e ++ "' received."++isSuccess :: Result -> Bool+isSuccess SUCCESS         = True+isSuccess STOPVAL_REACHED = True+isSuccess FTOL_REACHED    = True+isSuccess XTOL_REACHED    = True+isSuccess MAXEVAL_REACHED = True+isSuccess MAXTIME_REACHED = True+isSuccess _               = False++parseEnum :: (Integral a, Enum b) => a -> b+parseEnum = toEnum . fromIntegral++{- NLOPT optimizer object -}++type NloptOpt = Ptr ()++-- | An optimizer object which must be created, configured and then+-- passed to 'optimize' to solve a problem+newtype Opt = Opt { pointerFromOpt :: ForeignPtr () }++withOpt :: Opt -> (NloptOpt -> IO a) -> IO a+withOpt (Opt p) f = do+  ret <- withForeignPtr p f+  touchForeignPtr p  -- This is critical!  Otherwise the GC might+                     -- think it's done with everything in the middle+                     -- of the problem.+  return ret++useOpt :: (NloptOpt -> IO a) -> Opt -> IO a+useOpt = flip withOpt++-- Every time we make a "wrapper" call, the runtime allocates a new+-- function pointer and won't release it until we explicitly tell it+-- to.  This doesn't mesh well with NLOPT's "object-oriented" design,+-- wherein we have to allocate an object and make a bunch of setup+-- calls before we run the problem, so what we do is add a finalizer+-- to the 'Opt' object's 'ForeignPtr' every time we need to create a+-- function pointer for C to use.+addFunPtrFinalizer :: Opt -> FunPtr a -> IO ()+addFunPtrFinalizer (Opt p) funptr =+  CFP.addForeignPtrFinalizer p (freeHaskellFunPtr funptr)++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_create"+  nlopt_create :: CInt -> CUInt -> IO (NloptOpt)++-- | Create a new 'Opt' object+create :: Algorithm -- ^ Choice of algorithm+       -> Word  -- ^ Parameter vector dimension+       -> IO (Maybe Opt)  -- ^ Optimizer object+create alg dimension = do+  outp <- nlopt_create (fromIntegral $ fromEnum alg) (fromIntegral dimension)+  if (outp == nullPtr)+    then return Nothing+    else Just . Opt <$> CFP.newForeignPtr outp (nlopt_destroy outp)++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_destroy"+  nlopt_destroy :: NloptOpt -> IO ()++-- It shouldn't be strictly necessary to call this by hand since we've+-- already put a call to 'nlopt_destroy' into the 'ForeignPtr', but+-- it's available in the C interface.+destroy :: Opt -> IO ()+destroy = finalizeForeignPtr . pointerFromOpt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_copy"+  nlopt_copy :: NloptOpt -> IO (NloptOpt)++copy :: Opt -> IO Opt+copy = useOpt $ \inp -> do+  outp <- nlopt_copy inp+  Opt <$> CFP.newForeignPtr outp (nlopt_destroy outp)++{- Random seeding functions -}++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_srand"+  nlopt_srand :: CUInt -> IO ()++srand :: Integral a => a -> IO ()+srand = nlopt_srand . fromIntegral++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_srand_time"+  nlopt_srand_time :: IO ()++srand_time :: IO ()+srand_time = nlopt_srand_time++{- Metadata -}++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_version"+  nlopt_version :: Ptr CInt -> Ptr CInt -> Ptr CInt -> IO ()++-- | NLOPT library version, e.g. @2.4.2@+data Version = Version+  { major :: Int+  , minor :: Int+  , bugfix :: Int+  } deriving (Eq, Ord, Read, Show)++version :: IO Version+version =+  alloca $ \majptr ->+  alloca $ \minptr ->+  alloca $ \bfptr -> do+  nlopt_version majptr minptr bfptr+  Version <$> pk majptr <*> pk minptr <*> pk bfptr+  where+    pk = fmap fromIntegral . peek++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_get_algorithm"+  nlopt_get_algorithm :: NloptOpt -> IO CInt++get_algorithm :: Opt -> IO Algorithm+get_algorithm = useOpt $ fmap parseEnum . nlopt_get_algorithm++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_get_dimension"+  nlopt_get_dimension :: NloptOpt -> IO CUInt++get_dimension :: Opt -> IO Word+get_dimension = useOpt $ fmap fromIntegral . nlopt_get_dimension++{- Callback functions -}++asMVector :: CUInt -> Ptr CDouble -> IO (MV.IOVector Double)+asMVector dim ptr =+  MV.unsafeCast . flip MV.unsafeFromForeignPtr0 (fromIntegral dim) <$>+  newForeignPtr_ ptr++asVector :: CUInt -> Ptr CDouble -> IO (V.Vector Double)+asVector dim ptr =+  V.unsafeCast . flip V.unsafeFromForeignPtr0 (fromIntegral dim) <$>+  newForeignPtr_ ptr++type CFunc a = CUInt -> Ptr CDouble -> Ptr CDouble -> StablePtr a -> IO CDouble++-- | This function type corresponds to @nlopt_func@ in C and is used+-- for scalar functions of the parameter vector.  You may pass data of+-- any type @a@ to the functions in this module that take a+-- 'ScalarFunction' as an argument; this data will be supplied to your+-- your function when it is called.+type ScalarFunction a+  = V.Vector Double            -- ^ Parameter vector+ -> Maybe (MV.IOVector Double) -- ^ Gradient vector to be filled in+ -> a                          -- ^ User data+ -> IO Double                  -- ^ Scalar result++-- | This function type corresponds to @nlopt_mfunc@ in C and is used+-- for vector functions of the parameter vector.  You may pass data of+-- any type @a@ to the functions in this module that take a+-- 'VectorFunction' as an argument; this data will be supplied to your+-- function when it is called.+type VectorFunction a+  = V.Vector Double            -- ^ Parameter vector+ -> MV.IOVector Double         -- ^ Output vector to be filled in+ -> Maybe (MV.IOVector Double) -- ^ Gradient vector to be filled in+ -> a                          -- ^ User data+ -> IO ()++-- | This function type corresponds to @nlopt_precond@ in C and is+-- used for functions that precondition a vector at a given point in+-- the parameter space.  You may pass data of any type @a@ to the+-- functions in this module that take a 'PreconditionerFunction' as an+-- argument; this data will be supplied to your function when it is+-- called.+type PreconditionerFunction a+  = V.Vector Double    -- ^ Parameter vector+ -> V.Vector Double    -- ^ Vector @v@ to precondition+ -> MV.IOVector Double -- ^ Output vector @vpre@ to be filled in+ -> a                  -- ^ User data+ -> IO ()++wrapCFunction :: ScalarFunction a -> CFunc a+wrapCFunction cfunc dim stateptr gradientptr userptr = do+  nloptgradient <- asMVector dim gradientptr+  statevec <- asVector dim stateptr+  userdata <- deRefStablePtr userptr+  let+    gradptr = if gradientptr /= nullPtr+      then Just nloptgradient+      else Nothing+  realToFrac <$> cfunc statevec gradptr userdata++foreign import ccall safe "wrapper"+  mkCFunction :: CFunc a -> IO (FunPtr (CFunc a))++type CMFunc a = CUInt -> Ptr CDouble -> CUInt -> Ptr CDouble+             -> Ptr CDouble -> StablePtr a -> IO ()++wrapMFunction :: VectorFunction a -> CMFunc a+wrapMFunction mfunc constrdim constrptr dim stateptr gradientptr userptr+  = do+  nloptgradient <- asMVector (dim * constrdim) gradientptr+  nloptconstraint <- asMVector constrdim constrptr+  statevec <- asVector dim stateptr+  userdata <- deRefStablePtr userptr+  let+    gradptr = if gradientptr /= nullPtr+      then Just nloptgradient+      else Nothing+  mfunc statevec nloptconstraint gradptr userdata++foreign import ccall safe "wrapper"+  mkMFunction :: CMFunc a -> IO (FunPtr (CMFunc a))++type CPrecond a = CUInt -> Ptr CDouble -> Ptr CDouble+               -> Ptr CDouble -> StablePtr a -> IO ()++wrapPreconditioner :: PreconditionerFunction a -> CPrecond a+wrapPreconditioner prec dim stateptr vptr preptr userptr = do+  nloptpre <- asMVector dim preptr+  statevec <- asVector dim stateptr+  vvec <- asVector dim vptr+  userdata <- deRefStablePtr userptr+  prec statevec vvec nloptpre userdata++foreign import ccall safe "wrapper"+  mkPreconditionerFunction :: CPrecond a -> IO (FunPtr (CPrecond a))++-- We have to do the same silly dance with our user-data 'StablePtr's+-- as we do with function pointer wrappers: because NLOPT expects+-- these pointers before the actual optimization run, we have to+-- attach finalizers for them to the 'Opt' object so that they get+-- cleaned up properly.+addStablePtrFinalizer :: Opt -> StablePtr a -> IO ()+addStablePtrFinalizer (Opt p) sp =+  CFP.addForeignPtrFinalizer p (freeStablePtr sp)++getStablePtr :: Opt -> a -> IO (StablePtr a)+getStablePtr opt a = do+  aptr <- newStablePtr a+  addStablePtrFinalizer opt aptr+  return aptr++exportFunPtr :: (t1 -> IO (FunPtr a)) -> (t -> t1) -> t -> Opt -> IO (FunPtr a)+exportFunPtr mk wrap fun opt = do+  funptr <- mk $ wrap fun+  addFunPtrFinalizer opt funptr+  return funptr++{- Invoking the optimizer -}++-- | The output of an NLOPT optimizer run.+data Output = Output+  { resultCode :: Result                -- ^ Return code+  , resultCost :: Double                -- ^ Minimum of the objective+                                        -- function if optimization+                                        -- succeeded+  , resultParameters :: V.Vector Double -- ^ Parameters corresponding+                                        -- to the minimum if+                                        -- optimization succeeded++  , nEvals :: Int                       -- ^ number of evaluations+  }++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_optimize"+  nlopt_optimize :: NloptOpt -> Ptr CDouble -> Ptr CDouble -> IO CInt++-- | This function is very similar to the C function @nlopt_optimize@,+-- but it does not use mutable vectors and returns an 'Output'+-- structure.+optimize :: Opt  -- ^ Optimizer object set up to solve the problem+         -> V.Vector Double  -- ^ Initial-guess parameter vector+         -> IO Output  -- ^ Results of the optimization run+optimize optimizer x0 = withOpt optimizer $ \opt -> do+  vmut <- V.thaw $ V.unsafeCast x0+  (result, outputCost, iceout) <- alloca $ \costPtr -> do+    result <- MV.unsafeWith vmut $ \xptr ->+      parseEnum <$> nlopt_optimize opt xptr costPtr+    outputCost <- peek . castPtr $ costPtr+    iceout <- V.unsafeFreeze (MV.unsafeCast vmut)+    return (result, outputCost, iceout)+  nEvals <- fromIntegral <$> get_numevals optimizer+  return $ Output result outputCost iceout nEvals++{- Objective function setup -}++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_min_objective"+  nlopt_set_min_objective :: NloptOpt -> FunPtr (CFunc a)+                          -> StablePtr a -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_max_objective"+  nlopt_set_max_objective :: NloptOpt -> FunPtr (CFunc a)+                          -> StablePtr a -> IO CInt++set_min_objective :: Opt -> ScalarFunction a -> a -> IO Result+set_min_objective opt objf userdata = do+  objfunptr <- exportFunPtr mkCFunction wrapCFunction objf opt+  userptr <- getStablePtr opt userdata+  withOpt opt $ \o ->+    parseEnum <$>+    nlopt_set_min_objective o objfunptr userptr++set_max_objective :: Opt -> ScalarFunction a -> a -> IO Result+set_max_objective opt objf userdata = do+  objfunptr <- exportFunPtr mkCFunction wrapCFunction objf opt+  userptr <- getStablePtr opt userdata+  withOpt opt $ \o ->+    parseEnum <$> nlopt_set_max_objective o objfunptr userptr++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_precond_min_objective"+  nlopt_set_precond_min_objective :: NloptOpt+                                  -> FunPtr (CFunc a)+                                  -> FunPtr (CPrecond a)+                                  -> StablePtr a+                                  -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_precond_max_objective"+  nlopt_set_precond_max_objective :: NloptOpt+                                  -> FunPtr (CFunc a)+                                  -> FunPtr (CPrecond a)+                                  -> StablePtr a+                                  -> IO CInt++set_precond_min_objective :: Opt+                          -> ScalarFunction a+                          -> PreconditionerFunction a+                          -> a+                          -> IO Result+set_precond_min_objective opt objf pref userdata = do+  objfunptr <- exportFunPtr mkCFunction wrapCFunction objf opt+  prefunptr <- exportFunPtr mkPreconditionerFunction wrapPreconditioner pref opt+  userptr <- getStablePtr opt userdata+  withOpt opt $ \o -> parseEnum <$>+    nlopt_set_precond_min_objective o objfunptr prefunptr userptr++set_precond_max_objective :: Opt+                          -> ScalarFunction a+                          -> PreconditionerFunction a+                          -> a+                          -> IO Result+set_precond_max_objective opt objf pref userdata = do+  objfunptr <- exportFunPtr mkCFunction wrapCFunction objf opt+  prefunptr <- exportFunPtr mkPreconditionerFunction wrapPreconditioner pref opt+  userptr <- getStablePtr opt userdata+  withOpt opt $ \o -> parseEnum <$>+    nlopt_set_precond_max_objective o objfunptr prefunptr userptr++{- Working with bounds -}++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_lower_bounds"+  nlopt_set_lower_bounds :: NloptOpt -> Ptr CDouble -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_lower_bounds1"+  nlopt_set_lower_bounds1 :: NloptOpt -> CDouble -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_get_lower_bounds"+  nlopt_get_lower_bounds :: NloptOpt -> Ptr CDouble -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_upper_bounds"+  nlopt_set_upper_bounds :: NloptOpt -> Ptr CDouble -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_upper_bounds1"+  nlopt_set_upper_bounds1 :: NloptOpt -> CDouble -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_get_upper_bounds"+  nlopt_get_upper_bounds :: NloptOpt -> Ptr CDouble -> IO CInt++set_lower_bounds :: Opt -> V.Vector Double -> IO Result+set_lower_bounds opt bounds =+  withForeignPtr (fst . V.unsafeToForeignPtr0 . V.unsafeCast $ bounds) $+    \bptr -> withOpt opt $ \o ->+      parseEnum <$> nlopt_set_lower_bounds o bptr++set_lower_bounds1 :: Opt -> Double -> IO Result+set_lower_bounds1 opt bound =+  withOpt opt $ \o ->+    parseEnum <$> nlopt_set_lower_bounds1 o (realToFrac bound)++get_lower_bounds :: Opt -> IO (V.Vector Double, Result)+get_lower_bounds opt = do+  v <- get_dimension opt >>= MV.new . fromIntegral+  MV.unsafeWith (MV.unsafeCast v) $ \vptr -> withOpt opt $ \o -> do+    result <- parseEnum <$> nlopt_get_lower_bounds o vptr+    retv <- V.unsafeFreeze v+    return (retv, result)++set_upper_bounds :: Opt -> V.Vector Double -> IO Result+set_upper_bounds opt bounds =+  withForeignPtr (fst . V.unsafeToForeignPtr0 . V.unsafeCast $ bounds) $+    \bptr -> withOpt opt $ \o ->+      parseEnum <$> nlopt_set_upper_bounds o bptr++set_upper_bounds1 :: Opt -> Double -> IO Result+set_upper_bounds1 opt bound =+  withOpt opt $ \o ->+    parseEnum <$> nlopt_set_upper_bounds1 o (realToFrac bound)++get_upper_bounds :: Opt -> IO (V.Vector Double, Result)+get_upper_bounds opt = do+  v <- get_dimension opt >>= MV.new . fromIntegral+  MV.unsafeWith (MV.unsafeCast v) $ \vptr -> withOpt opt $ \o -> do+    result <- parseEnum <$> nlopt_get_upper_bounds o vptr+    retv <- V.unsafeFreeze v+    return (retv, result)++{- Working with constraints -}++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_remove_inequality_constraints"+  nlopt_remove_inequality_constraints :: NloptOpt -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_add_inequality_constraint"+  nlopt_add_inequality_constraint :: NloptOpt -> FunPtr (CFunc a)+                                  -> StablePtr a -> CDouble -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_add_precond_inequality_constraint"+  nlopt_add_precond_inequality_constraint :: NloptOpt -> FunPtr (CFunc a)+                                  -> FunPtr (CPrecond a) -> StablePtr a+                                  -> CDouble -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_add_inequality_mconstraint"+  nlopt_add_inequality_mconstraint :: NloptOpt -> CUInt -> FunPtr (CMFunc a)+                                  -> StablePtr a -> CDouble -> IO CInt++remove_inequality_constraints :: Opt -> IO Result+remove_inequality_constraints =+  useOpt $ fmap parseEnum . nlopt_remove_inequality_constraints++add_inequality_constraint :: Opt -> ScalarFunction a+                          -> a -> Double -> IO Result+add_inequality_constraint opt objfun userdata tol = do+  objfunptr <- exportFunPtr mkCFunction wrapCFunction objfun opt+  userptr <- getStablePtr opt userdata+  withOpt opt $ \o ->+      parseEnum <$>+      nlopt_add_inequality_constraint o objfunptr userptr (realToFrac tol)++add_precond_inequality_constraint :: Opt -> ScalarFunction a+                                  -> PreconditionerFunction a -> a -> Double+                                  -> IO Result+add_precond_inequality_constraint opt objfun precfun userdata tol = do+  objfunptr <- exportFunPtr mkCFunction wrapCFunction objfun opt+  precfunptr <-+    exportFunPtr mkPreconditionerFunction wrapPreconditioner precfun opt+  userptr <- getStablePtr opt userdata+  withOpt opt $ \o ->+      parseEnum <$>+      nlopt_add_precond_inequality_constraint o objfunptr+        precfunptr userptr (realToFrac tol)++add_inequality_mconstraint :: Opt -> Word -> VectorFunction a -> a+                           -> Double -> IO Result+add_inequality_mconstraint opt constraintsize constrfun userdata tol = do+  constrfunptr <- exportFunPtr mkMFunction wrapMFunction constrfun opt+  userptr <- getStablePtr opt userdata+  withOpt opt $ \o ->+      parseEnum <$>+      nlopt_add_inequality_mconstraint o (fromIntegral constraintsize)+      constrfunptr userptr (realToFrac tol)++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_remove_equality_constraints"+  nlopt_remove_equality_constraints :: NloptOpt -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_add_equality_constraint"+  nlopt_add_equality_constraint :: NloptOpt -> FunPtr (CFunc a)+                                -> StablePtr a -> CDouble -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_add_precond_equality_constraint"+  nlopt_add_precond_equality_constraint :: NloptOpt -> FunPtr (CFunc a)+                                        -> FunPtr (CPrecond a) -> StablePtr a+                                        -> CDouble -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_add_equality_mconstraint"+  nlopt_add_equality_mconstraint :: NloptOpt -> CUInt -> FunPtr (CMFunc a)+                                 -> StablePtr a -> CDouble -> IO CInt++remove_equality_constraints :: Opt -> IO Result+remove_equality_constraints =+  useOpt $ fmap parseEnum . nlopt_remove_equality_constraints++add_equality_constraint :: Opt -> ScalarFunction a+                        -> a -> Double -> IO Result+add_equality_constraint opt objfun userdata tol = do+  objfunptr <- exportFunPtr mkCFunction wrapCFunction objfun opt+  userptr <- getStablePtr opt userdata+  withOpt opt $ \o ->+      parseEnum <$>+      nlopt_add_equality_constraint o objfunptr userptr (realToFrac tol)++add_precond_equality_constraint :: Opt -> ScalarFunction a+                                  -> PreconditionerFunction a -> a -> Double+                                  -> IO Result+add_precond_equality_constraint opt objfun precfun userdata tol = do+  objfunptr <- exportFunPtr mkCFunction wrapCFunction objfun opt+  precfunptr <-+    exportFunPtr mkPreconditionerFunction wrapPreconditioner precfun opt+  userptr <- getStablePtr opt userdata+  withOpt opt $ \o ->+      parseEnum <$>+      nlopt_add_precond_equality_constraint o objfunptr+        precfunptr userptr (realToFrac tol)++add_equality_mconstraint :: Opt -> Word -> VectorFunction a -> a+                           -> Double -> IO Result+add_equality_mconstraint opt constraintsize constrfun userdata tol = do+  constrfunptr <- exportFunPtr mkMFunction wrapMFunction constrfun opt+  userptr <- getStablePtr opt userdata+  withOpt opt $ \o ->+      parseEnum <$>+      nlopt_add_equality_mconstraint o (fromIntegral constraintsize)+      constrfunptr userptr (realToFrac tol)++{- Stopping criteria -}++withInputVector :: (Storable c, Storable a)+                => V.Vector c -> (Ptr a -> IO b) -> IO b+withInputVector = withForeignPtr . fst . V.unsafeToForeignPtr0 . V.unsafeCast+withOutputVector :: (Storable c, Storable a)+                 => V.MVector s c -> (Ptr a -> IO b) -> IO b+withOutputVector = withForeignPtr . fst . MV.unsafeToForeignPtr0 . MV.unsafeCast++setScalar :: (Enum a, Integral b) => (NloptOpt -> t1 -> IO b)+          -> (t -> t1) -> Opt -> t -> IO a+setScalar setter conv opt val = withOpt opt $ \o ->+  parseEnum <$> setter o (conv val)++getScalar :: (NloptOpt -> IO b) -> (b -> a) -> Opt -> IO a+getScalar getter conv = useOpt $ fmap conv . getter++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_stopval"+  nlopt_set_stopval :: NloptOpt -> CDouble -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_get_stopval"+  nlopt_get_stopval :: NloptOpt -> IO CDouble++set_stopval :: Opt -> Double -> IO Result+set_stopval = setScalar nlopt_set_stopval realToFrac++get_stopval :: Opt -> IO Double+get_stopval = getScalar nlopt_get_stopval realToFrac++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_ftol_rel"+  nlopt_set_ftol_rel :: NloptOpt -> CDouble -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_get_ftol_rel"+  nlopt_get_ftol_rel :: NloptOpt -> IO CDouble++set_ftol_rel :: Opt -> Double -> IO Result+set_ftol_rel = setScalar nlopt_set_ftol_rel realToFrac++get_ftol_rel :: Opt -> IO Double+get_ftol_rel = getScalar nlopt_get_ftol_rel realToFrac++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_ftol_abs"+  nlopt_set_ftol_abs :: NloptOpt -> CDouble -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_get_ftol_abs"+  nlopt_get_ftol_abs :: NloptOpt -> IO CDouble++set_ftol_abs :: Opt -> Double -> IO Result+set_ftol_abs = setScalar nlopt_set_ftol_abs realToFrac++get_ftol_abs :: Opt -> IO Double+get_ftol_abs = getScalar nlopt_get_ftol_abs realToFrac++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_xtol_rel"+  nlopt_set_xtol_rel :: NloptOpt -> CDouble -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_get_xtol_rel"+  nlopt_get_xtol_rel :: NloptOpt -> IO CDouble++set_xtol_rel :: Opt -> Double -> IO Result+set_xtol_rel = setScalar nlopt_set_xtol_rel realToFrac++get_xtol_rel :: Opt -> IO Double+get_xtol_rel = getScalar nlopt_get_xtol_rel realToFrac++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_xtol_abs1"+  nlopt_set_xtol_abs1 :: NloptOpt -> CDouble -> IO CInt++set_xtol_abs1 :: Opt -> Double -> IO Result+set_xtol_abs1 = setScalar nlopt_set_xtol_abs1 realToFrac++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_xtol_abs"+  nlopt_set_xtol_abs :: NloptOpt -> Ptr CDouble -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_get_xtol_abs"+  nlopt_get_xtol_abs :: NloptOpt -> Ptr CDouble -> IO CInt++set_xtol_abs :: Opt -> V.Vector Double -> IO Result+set_xtol_abs opt tolvec =+  withInputVector tolvec $ \tolptr ->+  withOpt opt $ \o -> parseEnum <$> nlopt_set_xtol_abs o tolptr++get_xtol_abs :: Opt -> IO (Result, V.Vector Double)+get_xtol_abs opt = do+  mutv <- get_dimension opt >>= MV.new . fromIntegral+  withOutputVector mutv $ \vecptr ->+    withOpt opt $ \o -> do+    result <- parseEnum <$> nlopt_get_xtol_abs o vecptr+    outvec <- V.unsafeFreeze mutv+    return (result, outvec)++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_maxeval"+  nlopt_set_maxeval :: NloptOpt -> CInt -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_get_maxeval"+  nlopt_get_maxeval :: NloptOpt -> IO CInt++set_maxeval :: Opt -> Word -> IO Result+set_maxeval = setScalar nlopt_set_maxeval fromIntegral++get_maxeval :: Opt -> IO Word+get_maxeval = getScalar nlopt_get_maxeval fromIntegral++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_get_numevals"+  nlopt_get_numevals :: NloptOpt -> IO CInt++get_numevals :: Opt -> IO CInt+get_numevals = getScalar nlopt_get_numevals fromIntegral++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_maxtime"+  nlopt_set_maxtime :: NloptOpt -> CDouble -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_get_maxtime"+  nlopt_get_maxtime :: NloptOpt -> IO CDouble++set_maxtime :: Opt -> Double -> IO Result+set_maxtime = setScalar nlopt_set_maxtime realToFrac++get_maxtime :: Opt -> IO Double+get_maxtime = getScalar nlopt_get_maxtime realToFrac++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_force_stop"+  nlopt_force_stop :: NloptOpt -> IO CInt++force_stop :: Opt -> IO Result+force_stop = useOpt $ fmap parseEnum . nlopt_force_stop++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_force_stop"+  nlopt_set_force_stop :: NloptOpt -> CInt -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_get_force_stop"+  nlopt_get_force_stop :: NloptOpt -> IO CInt++set_force_stop :: Opt -> Word -> IO Result+set_force_stop = setScalar nlopt_set_force_stop fromIntegral++get_force_stop :: Opt -> IO Word+get_force_stop = getScalar nlopt_get_force_stop fromIntegral++{- Algorithm-specific configuration -}++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_local_optimizer"+  nlopt_set_local_optimizer :: NloptOpt -> NloptOpt -> IO CInt++set_local_optimizer :: Opt -- ^ Primary optimizer+                    -> Opt -- ^ Subsidiary (local) optimizer+                    -> IO Result+set_local_optimizer p s =+  withOpt p $ \primary -> withOpt s $ \secondary ->+    parseEnum <$> nlopt_set_local_optimizer primary secondary++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_population"+  nlopt_set_population :: NloptOpt -> Word -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_get_population"+  nlopt_get_population :: NloptOpt -> IO Word++set_population :: Opt -> Word -> IO Result+set_population = setScalar nlopt_set_population fromIntegral++get_population :: Opt -> IO Word+get_population = getScalar nlopt_get_population fromIntegral++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_vector_storage"+  nlopt_set_vector_storage :: NloptOpt -> Word -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_get_vector_storage"+  nlopt_get_vector_storage :: NloptOpt -> IO Word++set_vector_storage :: Opt -> Word -> IO Result+set_vector_storage = setScalar nlopt_set_vector_storage fromIntegral++get_vector_storage :: Opt -> IO Word+get_vector_storage = getScalar nlopt_get_vector_storage fromIntegral++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_default_initial_step"+  nlopt_set_default_initial_step :: NloptOpt -> Ptr CDouble -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_initial_step"+  nlopt_set_initial_step :: NloptOpt -> Ptr CDouble -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_set_initial_step1"+  nlopt_set_initial_step1 :: NloptOpt -> CDouble -> IO CInt++foreign import ccall "nlopt.h nlopt_get_initial_step"+  nlopt_get_initial_step :: NloptOpt -> Ptr CDouble -> Ptr CDouble -> IO CInt++set_default_initial_step :: Opt -> V.Vector Double -> IO Result+set_default_initial_step opt stepvec =+  withInputVector stepvec $ \stepptr ->+  withOpt opt $ \o -> parseEnum <$> nlopt_set_default_initial_step o stepptr++set_initial_step :: Opt -> V.Vector Double -> IO Result+set_initial_step opt stepvec =+  withInputVector stepvec $ \stepptr ->+  withOpt opt $ \o -> parseEnum <$> nlopt_set_initial_step o stepptr++set_initial_step1 :: Opt -> Double -> IO Result+set_initial_step1 = setScalar nlopt_set_initial_step1 realToFrac++get_initial_step :: Opt -> V.Vector Double -> IO (Result, V.Vector Double)+get_initial_step opt xvec = do+  mutv <- get_dimension opt >>= MV.new . fromIntegral+  withOutputVector mutv $ \outptr ->+    withInputVector xvec $ \inptr ->+    withOpt opt $ \o -> do+    result <- parseEnum <$> nlopt_get_initial_step o inptr outptr+    outvec <- V.unsafeFreeze mutv+    return (result, outvec)
+ src/Text/ParseSR.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@+{-# language OverloadedStrings #-}+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Text.ParseSR+-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :  ConstraintKinds+--+-- Functions to parse a string representing an expression+--+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+module Text.ParseSR ( parseSR, parseNonTerms, showOutput, SRAlgs(..), Output(..) ) -- parsePat,+    where++import Control.Applicative ((<|>))+import Data.Attoparsec.ByteString.Char8+import Data.Attoparsec.Expr+import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as B+import Data.Char (toLower)+import Data.List (sortOn)+import Data.SRTree+--import Algorithm.EqSat.DB+import qualified Data.SRTree.Print as P+import qualified Data.Map.Strict as Map+import Data.List.Split ( splitOn )++import Debug.Trace (trace, traceShow)++-- * Data types++-- | Parser of a symbolic regression tree with `Int` variable index and+-- numerical values represented as `Double`. The numerical values type+-- can be changed with `fmap`.+type ParseTree = Parser (Fix SRTree)+--type ParsePat  = Parser Pattern++-- * Data types and caller functions++-- | Supported algorithms.+data SRAlgs = TIR | HL | OPERON | BINGO | GOMEA | PYSR | SBP | EPLEX | NEOGP deriving (Show, Read, Enum, Bounded)++-- | Supported outputs.+data Output = PYTHON | MATH | TIKZ | LATEX deriving (Show, Read, Enum, Bounded)++-- | Returns the corresponding function from Data.SRTree.Print for a given `Output`.+showOutput :: Output -> Fix SRTree -> String+showOutput PYTHON = P.showPython+showOutput MATH   = P.showExpr+showOutput TIKZ   = P.showTikz+showOutput LATEX  = P.showLatex++-- | Calls the corresponding parser for a given `SRAlgs`+--+-- >>> fmap (showOutput MATH) $ parseSR OPERON "lambda,theta" False "lambda ^ 2 - sin(theta*3*lambda)"+-- Right "((x0 ^ 2.0) - Sin(((x1 * 3.0) * x0)))"+parseSR :: SRAlgs -> B.ByteString -> Bool -> B.ByteString -> Either String (Fix SRTree)+parseSR HL     header reparam = eitherResult . (`feed` "") . parse (parseHL True reparam $ splitHeader header) . putEOL . B.strip+parseSR BINGO  header reparam = eitherResult . (`feed` "") . parse (parseBingo True reparam $ splitHeader header) . putEOL . B.strip+parseSR TIR    header reparam = eitherResult . (`feed` "") . parse (parseTIR True reparam $ splitHeader header) . putEOL . B.strip+parseSR OPERON header reparam = eitherResult . (`feed` "") . parse (parseOperon True reparam $ splitHeader header) . putEOL . B.strip+parseSR GOMEA  header reparam = eitherResult . (`feed` "") . parse (parseGOMEA True reparam $ splitHeader header) . putEOL . B.strip+parseSR SBP    header reparam = eitherResult . (`feed` "") . parse (parseGOMEA True reparam $ splitHeader header) . putEOL . B.strip+parseSR EPLEX  header reparam = eitherResult . (`feed` "") . parse (parseGOMEA True reparam $ splitHeader header) . putEOL . B.strip+parseSR PYSR   header reparam = eitherResult . (`feed` "") . parse (parsePySR True reparam $ splitHeader header) . putEOL .  B.strip+parseSR NEOGP  header reparam = eitherResult . (`feed` "") . parse (parseNeoGP True reparam $ splitHeader header) . putEOL .  B.strip++--parsePat :: B.ByteString -> Either String Pattern+--parsePat = eitherResult . (`feed` "") . parse parsePatExpr . putEOL . B.strip++eitherResult' :: Show r => Result r -> Either String r+eitherResult' res = trace (show res) $ eitherResult res++-- * Parsers++-- | Creates a parser for a binary operator+binary :: B.ByteString -> (a -> a -> a) -> Assoc -> Operator B.ByteString a+binary name fun  = Infix (do{ string (B.cons ' ' (B.snoc name ' ')) <|> string name; pure fun })++-- | Creates a parser for a unary function+prefix :: B.ByteString -> (a -> a) -> Operator B.ByteString a+prefix  name fun = Prefix (do{ string name; pure fun })++-- | Envelopes the parser in parens+parens :: Parser a -> Parser a+parens e = do{ string "("; e' <- e; string ")"; pure e' } <?> "parens"++-- | Parse an expression using a user-defined parser given by the `Operator` lists containing+-- the name of the functions and operators of that SR algorithm, a list of parsers `binFuns` for binary functions+-- a parser `var` for variables, a boolean indicating whether to change floating point values to free+-- parameters variables, and a list of variable names with their corresponding indexes.+parseExpr :: Bool -> [[Operator B.ByteString (Fix SRTree)]] -> [ParseTree -> ParseTree] -> ParseTree -> Bool -> [(B.ByteString, Int)] -> ParseTree+parseExpr relabel table binFuns var reparam header =+    do e <- if relabel then (relabelParams <$> expr) else expr+       many1' space+       pure e+  where+    term  = parens expr <|> enclosedAbs expr <|> choice (map ($ expr) binFuns) <|> coef <|> varC <?> "term"+    expr  = buildExpressionParser table term+    coef  = if reparam +              then do eNumber <- intOrDouble+                      case eNumber of+                        Left x  -> pure $ fromIntegral x+                        Right _ -> pure $ param 0+              else Fix . Const <$> signed double <?> "const"+    varC = if null header+             then var+             else var <|> varHeader++    varHeader        = choice $ map (uncurry getParserVar) $ sortOn (negate . B.length . fst) header+    getParserVar k v = (string k <|> enveloped k) >> pure (Fix $ Var v)+    enveloped s      = (char ' ' <|> char '(') >> string s >> (char ' ' <|> char ')') >> pure ""++enumerate :: [a] -> [(a, Int)]+enumerate = (`zip` [0..])++splitHeader :: B.ByteString -> [(B.ByteString, Int)]+splitHeader = enumerate . B.split ','++-- | Tries to parse as an `Int`, if it fails, +-- parse as a Double.+intOrDouble :: Parser (Either Int Double)+intOrDouble = eitherP parseInt (signed double)+  where+      parseInt :: Parser Int+      parseInt = do x <- signed decimal+                    c <- peekChar+                    case c of                      +                      Just '.' -> digit >> pure 0+                      Just 'e' -> digit >> pure 0+                      Just 'E' -> digit >> pure 0+                      _   -> pure x++putEOL :: B.ByteString -> B.ByteString+putEOL bs | B.last bs == '\n' = bs+          | otherwise         = B.snoc bs '\n'++-- * Special case functions++-- | analytic quotient+aq :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+aq x y = x / sqrt (1 + y ** 2)++log1p :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+log1p x = log (1 + x)++log10 :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+log10 x = log x / log 10++log2 :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+log2 x = log x / log 2++cbrt :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+cbrt x = x ** (1/3)++cube :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+cube x = Fix $ Uni Cube x++sqrtabs :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+sqrtabs x = Fix $ Uni SqrtAbs x++logabs :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+logabs x = Fix $ Uni LogAbs x++-- Parse `abs` functions as | x |+enclosedAbs :: Num a => Parser a -> Parser a+enclosedAbs expr = do char '|'+                      e <- expr+                      char '|'+                      pure $ abs e++-- | Parser for binary functions+binFun :: B.ByteString -> (a -> a -> a) -> Parser a -> Parser a+binFun name f expr = do string name+                        many' space >> char '(' >> many' space+                        e1 <- expr+                        many' space >> char ',' >> many' space -- many' space >> char ',' >> many' space+                        e2 <- expr+                        many' space >> char ')'+                        pure $ f e1 e2 ++-- * Custom parsers for SR algorithms++-- | parser for Transformation-Interaction-Rational.+parseTIR :: Bool -> Bool -> [(B.ByteString, Int)] -> ParseTree+parseTIR b = parseExpr b (prefixOps : binOps) binFuns var+  where+    binFuns   = [ ]+    prefixOps = map (uncurry prefix)+                [   ("id", id), ("abs", abs)+                  , ("sinh", sinh), ("cosh", cosh), ("tanh", tanh)+                  , ("sin", sin), ("cos", cos), ("tan", tan)+                  , ("asinh", asinh), ("acosh", acosh), ("atanh", atanh)+                  , ("asin", asin), ("acos", acos), ("atan", atan)+                  , ("sqrtabs", sqrtabs), ("sqrt", sqrt), ("cbrt", cbrt), ("square", (**2))+                  , ("logabs", logabs), ("log", log), ("exp", exp), ("cube", cube), ("recip", recip)+                  , ("Id", id), ("Abs", abs)+                  , ("Sinh", sinh), ("Cosh", cosh), ("Tanh", tanh)+                  , ("Sin", sin), ("Cos", cos), ("Tan", tan)+                  , ("ASinh", asinh), ("ACosh", acosh), ("ATanh", atanh)+                  , ("ASin", asin), ("ACos", acos), ("ATan", atan)+                  , ("SqrtAbs", sqrtabs), ("Sqrt", sqrt), ("Cbrt", cbrt), ("Square", (**2))+                  , ("LogAbs", logabs), ("Log", log), ("Exp", exp), ("Recip", recip), ("Cube", cube)+                ]+    binOps = [[binary "^" (**) AssocLeft], [binary "**" (**) AssocLeft]+            , [binary "*" (*) AssocLeft, binary "/" (/) AssocLeft]+            , [binary "+" (+) AssocLeft, binary "-" (-) AssocLeft]+            , [binary "|**|" powabs AssocLeft], [binary "aq" aq AssocLeft]+            ]+    powabs l r = Fix $ Bin PowerAbs l r+    aq l r = Fix $ Bin AQ l r++    var = do char 'x'+             ix <- decimal+             pure $ Fix $ Var ix+          <|> do char 't'+                 ix <- decimal+                 pure $ Fix $ Param ix+          <?> "var"++-- | parser for NeoGP+parseNeoGP :: Bool -> Bool -> [(B.ByteString, Int)] -> ParseTree+parseNeoGP b = parseExpr b (prefixOps : binOps) binFuns var+  where+    binFuns   = [ ]+    prefixOps = map (uncurry prefix)+                [   ("id", id), ("abs", abs)+                  , ("sinh", sinh), ("cosh", cosh), ("tanh", tanh)+                  , ("sin", sin), ("cos", cos), ("tan", tan)+                  , ("asinh", asinh), ("acosh", acosh), ("atanh", atanh)+                  , ("asin", asin), ("acos", acos), ("atan", atan)+                  , ("sqrtabs", sqrtabs), ("sqrt", sqrt), ("cbrt", cbrt), ("square", (**2))+                  , ("logabs", logabs), ("log", log), ("exp", exp), ("cube", cube), ("recip", recip)+                  , ("Id", id), ("Abs", abs)+                  , ("Sinh", sinh), ("Cosh", cosh), ("Tanh", tanh)+                  , ("Sin", sin), ("Cos", cos), ("Tan", tan)+                  , ("ASinh", asinh), ("ACosh", acosh), ("ATanh", atanh)+                  , ("ASin", asin), ("ACos", acos), ("ATan", atan)+                  , ("SqrtAbs", sqrtabs), ("Sqrt", sqrt), ("Cbrt", cbrt), ("Square", (**2))+                  , ("LogAbs", logabs), ("Log", log), ("Exp", exp), ("Recip", recip), ("Cube", cube)+                ]+    binOps = [[binary "^" (**) AssocLeft], [binary "**" (**) AssocLeft]+            , [binary "*" (*) AssocLeft, binary "/" (/) AssocLeft]+            , [binary "+" (+) AssocLeft, binary "-" (-) AssocLeft]+            , [binary "|**|" powabs AssocLeft], [binary "aq" aq AssocLeft]+            ]+    powabs l r = Fix $ Bin PowerAbs l r+    aq l r = Fix $ Bin AQ l r++    var = do char 'x'+             ix <- decimal+             pure $ Fix $ Var (ix-1)+          <|> do char 'p'+                 ix <- decimal+                 pure $ Fix $ Param (ix-1)+          <?> "var"++-- | parser for Operon.+parseOperon :: Bool -> Bool -> [(B.ByteString, Int)] -> ParseTree+parseOperon b = parseExpr b (prefixOps : binOps) binFuns var+  where+    binFuns   = [ binFun "pow" (**) ]+    prefixOps = map (uncurry prefix)+                [ ("abs", abs), ("cbrt", cbrt)+                , ("acos", acos), ("cosh", cosh), ("cos", cos)+                , ("asin", asin), ("sinh", sinh), ("sin", sin)+                , ("exp", exp), ("log", log)+                , ("sqrt", sqrt), ("square", (**2))+                , ("atan", atan), ("tanh", tanh), ("tan", tan)+                ]+    binOps = [[binary "^" (**) AssocLeft]+            , [binary "*" (*) AssocLeft, binary "/" (/) AssocLeft]+            , [binary "+" (+) AssocLeft, binary "-" (-) AssocLeft]+            ]+    var = do char 'X' <|> char 'x'+             ix <- decimal+             pure $ Fix $ Var (ix - 1) -- Operon is not 0-based+          <?> "var"++-- | parser for HeuristicLab.+parseHL :: Bool -> Bool -> [(B.ByteString, Int)] -> ParseTree+parseHL b = parseExpr b (prefixOps : binOps) binFuns var+  where+    binFuns   = [ binFun "aq" aq ]+    prefixOps = map (uncurry prefix)+                [ ("logabs", log.abs), ("sqrtabs", sqrt.abs) -- the longer versions should come first+                , ("abs", abs), ("exp", exp), ("log", log)+                , ("sqrt", sqrt), ("sqr", (**2)), ("cube", (**3))+                , ("cbrt", cbrt), ("sin", sin), ("cos", cos)+                , ("tan", tan), ("tanh", tanh)+                ]+    binOps = [[binary "^" (**) AssocLeft]+            , [binary "*" (*) AssocLeft, binary "/" (/) AssocLeft]+            , [binary "+" (+) AssocLeft, binary "-" (-) AssocLeft]+            ]+    var = do char 'x'+             ix <- decimal+             pure $ Fix $ Var ix+          <?> "var"++-- | parser for Bingo+parseBingo :: Bool -> Bool -> [(B.ByteString, Int)] -> ParseTree+parseBingo b = parseExpr b (prefixOps : binOps) binFuns var+  where+    binFuns = []+    prefixOps = map (uncurry prefix)+                [ ("abs", abs), ("exp", exp), ("log", log.abs)+                , ("sqrt", sqrt.abs)+                , ("sinh", sinh), ("cosh", cosh)+                , ("sin", sin), ("cos", cos)+                ]+    binOps = [[binary "^" (**) AssocLeft]+            , [binary "/" (/) AssocLeft, binary "" (*) AssocLeft]+            , [binary "+" (+) AssocLeft, binary "-" (-) AssocLeft]+            ]+    var = do string "X_"+             ix <- decimal+             pure $ Fix $ Var ix+          <?> "var"++-- | parser for GOMEA+parseGOMEA :: Bool -> Bool -> [(B.ByteString, Int)] -> ParseTree+parseGOMEA b = parseExpr b (prefixOps : binOps) binFuns var+  where+    binFuns = []+    prefixOps = map (uncurry prefix)+                [ ("exp", exp), ("plog", log.abs)+                , ("sqrt", sqrt.abs)+                , ("sin", sin), ("cos", cos)+                ]+    binOps = [[binary "^" (**) AssocLeft]+            , [binary "/" (/) AssocLeft, binary "*" (*) AssocLeft, binary "aq" aq AssocLeft]+            , [binary "+" (+) AssocLeft, binary "-" (-) AssocLeft]+            ]+    var = do string "x"+             ix <- decimal+             pure $ Fix $ Var ix+          <?> "var"++-- | parser for PySR+parsePySR :: Bool -> Bool -> [(B.ByteString, Int)] -> ParseTree+parsePySR b = parseExpr b (prefixOps : binOps) binFuns var+  where+    binFuns   = [ binFun "pow" (**) ]+    prefixOps = map (uncurry prefix)+                [ ("abs", abs), ("exp", exp)+                , ("square", (**2)), ("cube", (**3)), ("neg", negate)+                , ("acosh_abs", acosh . (+1) . abs), ("acosh", acosh), ("asinh", asinh)+                , ("acos", acos), ("asin", asin), ("atan", atan)+                , ("sqrt_abs", sqrt.abs), ("sqrt", sqrt)+                , ("sinh", sinh), ("cosh", cosh), ("tanh", tanh)+                , ("sin", sin), ("cos", cos), ("tan", tan)+                , ("log10", log10), ("log2", log2), ("log1p", log1p) +                , ("log_abs", log.abs), ("log10_abs", log10 . abs)+                , ("log", log)+                ]+    binOps = [[binary "^" (**) AssocLeft]+            , [binary "/" (/) AssocLeft, binary "*" (*) AssocLeft]+            , [binary "+" (+) AssocLeft, binary "-" (-) AssocLeft]+            ]+    var = do string "x"+             ix <- decimal+             pure $ Fix $ Var ix+          <?> "var"+{-+-- parse a pattern expression+parsePatExpr ::  ParsePat+parsePatExpr = parsePattern (prefixOps : binOps) binFuns var+  where+    binFuns   = [ ]+    prefixOps = map (uncurry prefix)+                [   ("id", id), ("abs", abs)+                  , ("sinh", sinh), ("cosh", cosh), ("tanh", tanh)+                  , ("sin", sin), ("cos", cos), ("tan", tan)+                  , ("asinh", asinh), ("acosh", acosh), ("atanh", atanh)+                  , ("asin", asin), ("acos", acos), ("atan", atan)+                  , ("sqrtabs", sqrtabs'), ("sqrt", sqrt), ("cbrt", cbrt'), ("square", (**2))+                  , ("logabs", logabs'), ("log", log), ("exp", exp), ("cube", cube'), ("recip", recip')+                  , ("Id", id), ("Abs", abs)+                  , ("Sinh", sinh), ("Cosh", cosh), ("Tanh", tanh)+                  , ("Sin", sin), ("Cos", cos), ("Tan", tan)+                  , ("ASinh", asinh), ("ACosh", acosh), ("ATanh", atanh)+                  , ("ASin", asin), ("ACos", acos), ("ATan", atan)+                  , ("SqrtAbs", sqrtabs'), ("Sqrt", sqrt), ("Cbrt", cbrt'), ("Square", (**2))+                  , ("LogAbs", logabs'), ("Log", log), ("Exp", exp), ("Recip", recip'), ("Cube", cube')+                  , ("|log|", logabs'), ("|Log|", logabs'), ("|sqrt|", sqrtabs'), ("|Sqrt|", sqrtabs')+                  , ("√", sqrt), ("|√|", sqrtabs')+                ]+    binOps = [[binary "^" (**) AssocLeft], [binary "**" (**) AssocLeft]+            , [binary "*" (*) AssocLeft, binary "/" (/) AssocLeft]+            , [binary "+" (+) AssocLeft, binary "-" (-) AssocLeft]+            , [binary "|**|" powabs AssocLeft], [binary "|^|" powabs AssocLeft]+            , [binary "aq" aq AssocLeft], [binary "|/|" aq AssocLeft]+            ]+    powabs l r = Fixed $ Bin PowerAbs l r+    aq l r = Fixed $ Bin AQ l r+    logabs' t = Fixed $ Uni LogAbs t+    sqrtabs' t = Fixed $ Uni SqrtAbs t+    cbrt' t = Fixed $ Uni Cbrt t+    cube' t = Fixed $ Uni Cube t+    recip' t = Fixed $ Uni Recip t++    var = do char 'x'+             ix <- decimal+             pure $ Fixed $ Var ix+          <|> do char 't'+                 ix <- decimal+                 pure $ Fixed $ Param ix+          <|> do char 'v'+                 ix <- decimal+                 pure $ VarPat (toEnum $ ix+65)+          <?> "var"++parsePattern :: [[Operator B.ByteString Pattern]] -> [ParsePat -> ParsePat] -> ParsePat -> ParsePat+parsePattern table binFuns var =+    do e <- expr+       many1' space+       pure e+  where+    term  = parens expr <|> enclosedAbs expr <|> choice (map ($ expr) binFuns) <|> coef <|> var <?> "term"+    expr  = buildExpressionParser table term+    coef  = Fixed . Const <$> signed double <?> "const"++    getParserVar k v = (string k <|> enveloped k) >> pure (Fix $ Var v)+    enveloped s      = (char ' ' <|> char '(') >> string s >> (char ' ' <|> char ')') >> pure ""++    -}+-- * Parse the non-terminal nodes into a SRTree () value+parseNonTerms :: String -> [SRTree ()]+parseNonTerms = Prelude.map toNonTerm . splitOn ","+  where+    binTerms = Map.fromList [ (Prelude.map toLower (show op), op) | op <- [Add .. AQ]]+    uniTerms = Map.fromList [ (Prelude.map toLower (show f), f) | f <- [Abs .. Cube]]+    toNonTerm xs' = let xs = Prelude.map toLower xs'+                    in case binTerms Map.!? xs of+                          Just op -> Bin op () ()+                          Nothing -> case uniTerms Map.!? xs of+                                          Just f -> Uni f ()+                                          Nothing -> error $ "invalid non-terminal " <> show xs
+ src/Text/ParseSR/IO.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@+{-# language LambdaCase #-}+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Text.ParseSR.IO+-- Copyright   :  (c) Fabricio Olivetti 2021 - 2024+-- License     :  BSD3+-- Maintainer  :  fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :  ConstraintKinds+--+-- Functions to parse multiple expressions from stdin or a text file.+--+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+module Text.ParseSR.IO ( withInput, withOutput, withOutputDebug )+    where++-- import Data.SRTree.EqSat1+--import Algorithm.EqSat.Simplify ( simplifyEqSatDefault )+import Control.Monad (forM_, unless)+import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as B+import Data.SRTree+import Data.SRTree.Recursion (Fix (..))+import System.IO+import Text.ParseSR (Output, SRAlgs, parseSR, showOutput)++-- | given a filename, the symbolic regression algorithm,  a string of variables name, +-- and two booleans indicating whether to convert float values to parameters and +-- whether to simplify the expression or not, it will read the file and parse everything +-- returning a list of either an error message or a tree.+--+-- empty filename defaults to stdin +withInput :: String -> SRAlgs -> String -> Bool -> Bool -> IO [Either String (Fix SRTree)]+withInput fname sr hd param simpl = do+  h <- if null fname then pure stdin else openFile fname ReadMode+  contents <- hGetLines h +  let myParserFun = parseSR sr (B.pack hd) param . B.pack+      -- myParser = if simpl then fmap simplifyEqSat . myParserFun else myParserFun+      myParser = myParserFun -- if simpl then fmap simplifyEqSatDefault . myParserFun else myParserFun+      es = map myParser $ filter (not . null) contents+  unless (null fname) $ hClose h+  pure es++-- | outputs a list of either error or trees to a file using the Output format. +--+-- empty filename defaults to stdout +withOutput :: String -> Output -> [Either String (Fix SRTree)] -> IO ()+withOutput fname output exprs = do+  h <- if null fname then pure stdout else openFile fname WriteMode+  forM_ exprs $ \case +                   Left  err -> hPutStrLn h $ "invalid expression: " <> err+                   Right ex  -> hPutStrLn h (showOutput output ex)+  unless (null fname) $ hClose h++-- | debug version of output function to check the invalid parsers+withOutputDebug :: String -> Output -> [Either String (Fix SRTree, Fix SRTree)] -> IO ()+withOutputDebug fname output exprs = do+  h <- if null fname then pure stdout else openFile fname WriteMode+  forM_ exprs $ \case +                   Left  err      -> hPutStrLn h $ "invalid expression: " <> err+                   Right (t1, t2) -> do +                                       hPutStrLn h ("First: " <> showOutput output t1)+                                       hPutStrLn h ("Second: " <> showOutput output t2)+                                       hFlush h+  unless (null fname) $ hClose h++hGetLines :: Handle -> IO [String]+hGetLines h = do+  done <- hIsEOF h+  if done+    then return []+    else do+      line <- hGetLine h+      (line :) <$> hGetLines h
srtree.cabal view
@@ -1,66 +1,235 @@ cabal-version: 1.12 --- This file has been generated from package.yaml by hpack version 0.35.2.+-- This file has been generated from package.yaml by hpack version 0.39.6. -- -- see: https://github.com/sol/hpack -name:           srtree-version:        1.0.0.5-synopsis:       A general framework to work with Symbolic Regression expression trees.-description:    A Symbolic Regression Tree data structure to work with mathematical expressions with support to first order derivative and simplification;-category:       Math, Data, Data Structures-homepage:       https://github.com/folivetti/srtree#readme-bug-reports:    https://github.com/folivetti/srtree/issues-author:         Fabricio Olivetti de França-maintainer:     fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com-copyright:      2023 Fabricio Olivetti de França-license:        BSD3-license-file:   LICENSE-build-type:     Simple+name:               srtree+version:            3.0.0.2+synopsis:           A general library to work with Symbolic Regression expression trees.+description:        A Symbolic Regression Tree data structure to work with mathematical expressions with support to first order derivative and simplification;+license:            BSD3+license-file:       LICENSE+author:             Fabricio Olivetti de França+maintainer:         fabricio.olivetti@gmail.com+copyright:          2023 Fabricio Olivetti de França+category:           Math, Data, Data Structures+homepage:           https://github.com/folivetti/srtree#readme+bug-reports:        https://github.com/folivetti/srtree/issues+build-type:         Simple extra-source-files:-    README.md-    ChangeLog.md+      README.md+      ChangeLog.md  source-repository head-  type: git-  location: https://github.com/folivetti/srtree+    type: git+    location: https://github.com/folivetti/srtree  library-  exposed-modules:-      Data.SRTree-      Data.SRTree.Internal-      Data.SRTree.Print-      Data.SRTree.Random-      Data.SRTree.Recursion-  other-modules:-      Paths_srtree-  hs-source-dirs:-      src-  build-depends:-      base >=4.16 && <5-    , containers ==0.6.*-    , dlist ==1.0.*-    , mtl >=2.2 && <2.4-    , random ==1.2.*-    , vector >=0.12 && <0.14-  default-language: Haskell2010+    exposed-modules:+          Algorithm.EqSat+          Algorithm.EqSat.Build+          Algorithm.EqSat.DB+          Algorithm.EqSat.Egraph+          Algorithm.EqSat.Info+          Algorithm.EqSat.Queries+          Algorithm.EqSat.SearchSR+          Algorithm.EqSat.Simplify+          Algorithm.EqSat.Store+          Algorithm.SRTree.AD+          Algorithm.SRTree.AD.CompiledAD+          Algorithm.SRTree.AD.Unboxed+          Algorithm.SRTree.Compile+          Algorithm.SRTree.ConfidenceIntervals+          Algorithm.SRTree.Likelihoods+          Algorithm.SRTree.ModelSelection+          Algorithm.SRTree.NonlinearOpt+          Algorithm.SRTree.Utils+          Data.SRTree+          Data.SRTree.Datasets+          Data.SRTree.Derivative+          Data.SRTree.Eval+          Data.SRTree.Internal+          Data.SRTree.Print+          Data.SRTree.Random+          Data.SRTree.Recursion+          Numeric.Optimization.NLOPT+          Numeric.Optimization.NLOPT.Bindings+          Text.ParseSR+          Text.ParseSR.IO+    other-modules:+          Paths_srtree+    build-depends:+          async >=2.2 && <2.3+        , attoparsec >=0.14.4 && <0.15+        , attoparsec-expr >=0.1.1.2 && <0.2+        , base >=4.19 && <5+        , binary >=0.8 && <0.9+        , bytestring >=0.11 && <0.13+        , containers >=0.6.7 && <0.9+        , deepseq >=1.4 && <1.6+        , directory >=1.3 && <1.4+        , exceptions >=0.10 && <0.11+        , filepath >=1.4.0.0 && <1.6+        , hashable >=1.4 && <1.6+        , ieee754 >=0.8 && <0.9+        , lens >=5.0 && <6+        , mtl >=2.2 && <2.4+        ,           parallel >=3.2 && <3.4+        , primitive >=0.8 && <0.10+        , random >=1.2 && <1.4+        , split >=0.2.5 && <0.3+        , statistics >=0.15 && <0.17+        , time >=1.9 && <1.15+        , unordered-containers >=0.2 && <0.3+        , vector >=0.12 && <0.14+        , zlib >=0.6.3 && <0.8+    hs-source-dirs:+          src+    ghc-options: -O2 -fwarn-incomplete-patterns -fspec-constr+    extra-libraries:+          nlopt+    default-language: Haskell2010 +executable bench+    main-is: Main.hs+    other-modules:+          Paths_srtree+    hs-source-dirs:+          apps/Bench+    ghc-options: -threaded -rtsopts -with-rtsopts=-N -O2 -fllvm -pgmlo opt-20 -pgmlc llc-20 -optlo-O3 -optlc-mcpu=native -mavx2 -mfma -fspec-constr -fmax-simplifier-iterations=20 -fexpose-all-unfoldings+    build-depends:+          async >=2.2 && <2.3+        , attoparsec >=0.14.4 && <0.15+        , attoparsec-expr >=0.1.1.2 && <0.2+        , base >=4.19 && <5+        , binary >=0.8 && <0.9+        , bytestring >=0.11 && <0.13+        , containers >=0.6.7 && <0.9+        , criterion >=1.5 && <2+        , deepseq >=1.4 && <1.6+        , directory >=1.3 && <1.4+        , exceptions >=0.10 && <0.11+        , filepath >=1.4.0.0 && <1.6+        , hashable >=1.4 && <1.6+        , ieee754 >=0.8 && <0.9+        , lens >=5.0 && <6+        , mtl >=2.2 && <2.4+        ,           parallel >=3.2 && <3.4+        , primitive >=0.8 && <0.10+        , random >=1.2 && <1.4+        , split >=0.2.5 && <0.3+        , srtree+        , statistics >=0.15 && <0.17+        , unordered-containers >=0.2 && <0.3+        , vector >=0.12 && <0.14+        , zlib >=0.6.3 && <0.8+    default-language: Haskell2010++executable bench-eqsat+    main-is: Main.hs+    other-modules:+          Paths_srtree+    hs-source-dirs:+          apps/BenchEqSat+    ghc-options: -threaded -rtsopts -with-rtsopts=-N -O2+    build-depends:+          async >=2.2 && <2.3+        , attoparsec >=0.14.4 && <0.15+        , attoparsec-expr >=0.1.1.2 && <0.2+        , base >=4.19 && <5+        , binary >=0.8 && <0.9+        , bytestring >=0.11 && <0.13+        , containers >=0.6.7 && <0.9+        , criterion >=1.5 && <2+        , deepseq >=1.4 && <1.6+        , directory >=1.3 && <1.4+        , exceptions >=0.10 && <0.11+        , filepath >=1.4.0.0 && <1.6+        , hashable >=1.4 && <1.6+        , ieee754 >=0.8 && <0.9+        , lens >=5.0 && <6+        , mtl >=2.2 && <2.4+        ,           parallel >=3.2 && <3.4+        , primitive >=0.8 && <0.10+        , random >=1.2 && <1.4+        , split >=0.2.5 && <0.3+        , srtree+        , statistics >=0.15 && <0.17+        , unordered-containers >=0.2 && <0.3+        , vector >=0.12 && <0.14+        , zlib >=0.6.3 && <0.8+    default-language: Haskell2010++executable srtree-report+    main-is: Main.hs+    other-modules:+          Paths_srtree+    hs-source-dirs:+          apps/Report+    ghc-options: -threaded -rtsopts -with-rtsopts=-N -O2+    build-depends:+          async >=2.2 && <2.3+        , attoparsec >=0.14.4 && <0.15+        , attoparsec-expr >=0.1.1.2 && <0.2+        , base >=4.19 && <5+        , binary >=0.8 && <0.9+        , bytestring >=0.11 && <0.13+        , containers >=0.6.7 && <0.9+        , deepseq >=1.4 && <1.6+        , directory >=1.3 && <1.4+        , exceptions >=0.10 && <0.11+        , filepath >=1.4.0.0 && <1.6+        , hashable >=1.4 && <1.6+        , ieee754 >=0.8 && <0.9+        , lens >=5.0 && <6+        , mtl >=2.2 && <2.4+        , optparse-applicative >=0.16 && <0.20+        ,           parallel >=3.2 && <3.4+        , primitive >=0.8 && <0.10+        , random >=1.2 && <1.4+        , split >=0.2.5 && <0.3+        , srtree+        , statistics >=0.15 && <0.17+        , unordered-containers >=0.2 && <0.3+        , vector >=0.12 && <0.14+        , zlib >=0.6.3 && <0.8+    default-language: Haskell2010+ test-suite srtree-test-  type: exitcode-stdio-1.0-  main-is: Spec.hs-  other-modules:-      Paths_srtree-  hs-source-dirs:-      test-  ghc-options: -threaded -rtsopts -with-rtsopts=-N-  build-depends:-      HUnit-    , ad-    , base >=4.16 && <5-    , containers ==0.6.*-    , dlist ==1.0.*-    , mtl >=2.2 && <2.4-    , random ==1.2.*-    , srtree-    , vector >=0.12 && <0.14-  default-language: Haskell2010+    type: exitcode-stdio-1.0+    main-is: Spec.hs+    other-modules:+          EqSatTests+          StoreTests+          Paths_srtree+    hs-source-dirs:+          test+    ghc-options: -threaded -rtsopts -with-rtsopts=-N+    build-depends:+          HUnit >=1.6 && <1.7+        , async >=2.2 && <2.3+        , attoparsec >=0.14.4 && <0.15+        , attoparsec-expr >=0.1.1.2 && <0.2+        , base >=4.19 && <5+        , binary >=0.8 && <0.9+        , bytestring >=0.11 && <0.13+        , containers >=0.6.7 && <0.9+        , deepseq >=1.4 && <1.6+        , directory >=1.3 && <1.4+        , exceptions >=0.10 && <0.11+        , filepath >=1.4.0.0 && <1.6+        , hashable >=1.4 && <1.6+        , ieee754 >=0.8 && <0.9+        , lens >=5.0 && <6+        , mtl >=2.2 && <2.4+        ,           parallel >=3.2 && <3.4+        , primitive >=0.8 && <0.10+        , random >=1.2 && <1.4+        , split >=0.2.5 && <0.3+        , srtree+        , statistics >=0.15 && <0.17+        , unordered-containers >=0.2 && <0.3+        , vector >=0.12 && <0.14+        , zlib >=0.6.3 && <0.8+    default-language: Haskell2010
+ test/EqSatTests.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,630 @@+{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}++module EqSatTests where++import Test.HUnit+import Data.SRTree+import Data.SRTree.Print (showExpr)+import qualified Data.IntSet as IntSet+import qualified Data.IntMap as IntMap+import qualified Data.Map as Map+import qualified Data.HashSet as Set+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as VU+import qualified Data.Set as RangeSet+import Algorithm.EqSat+import Algorithm.EqSat.Egraph+import Algorithm.EqSat.Build+import Algorithm.EqSat.DB+import Algorithm.EqSat.Info+import Algorithm.EqSat.Queries+import Algorithm.EqSat.Simplify (simplifyEqSatDefault, rewrites, rewritesParams)+import Control.Monad.State.Strict+import Control.Monad (forM_)+import Control.Monad.Identity+import Data.List (nub, sort)++eps :: Double+eps = 1e-9++myCost :: SRTree Int -> Int+myCost (Var _)     = 1+myCost (Const _)   = 1+myCost (Param _)   = 1+myCost (Bin _ l r) = 2 + l + r+myCost (Uni _ t)   = 3 + t++runEG :: EGraphST Identity a -> (a, EGraph)+runEG m = runIdentity $ runStateT m emptyGraph++evalEG :: EGraphST Identity a -> a+evalEG m = runIdentity $ evalStateT m emptyGraph++-- | Test 1: fromTree with a leaf (variable)+test_fromTree_var :: Test+test_fromTree_var = TestCase $ do+  let tree = var 0+      (eid, eg) = runEG $ fromTree myCost tree+  assertBool "fromTree var: eid should be >= 0" (eid >= 0)+  assertBool "fromTree var: eclass exists" (IntMap.member eid (_eClass eg))+  let ec = _eClass eg IntMap.! eid+  assertBool "fromTree var: eclass has nodes" (not $ null (_eNodes ec))+  let bestNode = head $ Set.toList (_eNodes ec)+  assertEqual "fromTree var: best is Var 0" (EVar 0) bestNode++-- | Test 2: fromTree with a binary expression+test_fromTree_bin :: Test+test_fromTree_bin = TestCase $ do+  let tree = var 0 + constv 1.0+      (eid, eg) = runEG $ fromTree myCost tree+  assertBool "fromTree bin: eid >= 0" (eid >= 0)+  let ec = _eClass eg IntMap.! eid+  assertBool "fromTree bin: eclass has nodes" (not $ null (_eNodes ec))++-- | Test 3: Canonical identity (an e-class should be its own canonical)+test_canonical_identity :: Test+test_canonical_identity = TestCase $ do+  let (eid, eg) = runEG $ fromTree myCost (var 0)+      (canId, _) = runIdentity $ runStateT (canonical eid) eg+  assertEqual "canonical of fresh id is itself" eid canId++-- | Test 4: canonize canonizes children+test_canonize :: Test+test_canonize = TestCase $ do+  let (eid, eg) = runEG $ fromTree myCost (var 0 + constv 1.0)+      (canNode, _) = runIdentity $ runStateT (do+        ec <- getEClass eid+        let someNode = head $ Set.toList (_eNodes ec)+        canonize someNode) eg+  -- All children should be canonical now+  let children = eChildren canNode+  forM_ children $ \c -> do+    let (canC, _) = runIdentity $ runStateT (canonical c) eg+    assertEqual "canonize: child is canonical" c canC++-- | Test 5: Adding duplicate e-node returns existing e-class+test_add_duplicate :: Test+test_add_duplicate = TestCase $ do+  let tree = constv 2.0+      (eid1, eg1) = runEG $ fromTree myCost tree+      (eid2, eg2) = runEG' eg1 $ add myCost (EConst 2.0)+  assertEqual "add duplicate returns same eclass" eid1 eid2+  where+    runEG' eg m = runIdentity $ runStateT m eg++-- | Test 6: Merge two distinct e-classes+test_merge :: Test+test_merge = TestCase $ do+  let (eid1, eg1) = runEG $ fromTree myCost (var 0)+      (eid2, eg2) = runIdentity $ runStateT (fromTree myCost (var 1)) eg1+  assertBool "merge: eid1 and eid2 start different" (eid1 /= eid2)+  let (mergedId, eg3) = runIdentity $ runStateT (merge myCost eid1 eid2) eg2+      can1 = _canonicalMap eg3 IntMap.! eid1+      can2 = _canonicalMap eg3 IntMap.! eid2+  assertEqual "merge: canonicals are equal" can1 can2+  assertEqual "merge: leader matches canonical" mergedId can1++-- | Test 7: Rebuild after add+test_rebuild :: Test+test_rebuild = TestCase $ do+  let tree = var 0 + constv 1.0+      eg = snd $ runEG $ do+        _ <- fromTree myCost tree+        rebuild myCost+  assertBool "rebuild: eNodeToEClass non-empty" (not $ null (_eNodeToEClass eg))+  assertBool "rebuild: worklist empty" (null (_worklist (_eDB eg)))+  assertBool "rebuild: analysis empty" (null (_analysis (_eDB eg)))++-- | Test 8: Basic pattern matching+test_match :: Test+test_match = TestCase $ do+  let tree = var 0 + constv 1.0+      pat = Fixed (Bin Add (VarPat 'x') (VarPat 'y'))+      (substs, _) = runEG $ do+        _ <- fromTree myCost tree+        match pat+  assertBool "match: should have at least one substitution" (not $ null substs)++-- | Test 9: Extraction (getBestExpr)+test_getBestExpr :: Test+test_getBestExpr = TestCase $ do+  let tree = var 0 + constv 1.0+      (extracted, _) = runEG $ do+        eid <- fromTree myCost tree+        getBestExpr eid+  assertEqual "getBestExpr preserves structure" (showExpr tree) (showExpr extracted)++-- | Test 10: Equality saturation with x + 0 = x+test_eqsat_x_plus_0 :: Test+test_eqsat_x_plus_0 = TestCase $ do+  let tree     = var 0 + constv 0.0+      rule     = "a" + 0 :=> "a"+      (best, _) = runEG $ eqSat tree [rule] myCost 5+  assertEqual "eqSat: x+0 = x" (showExpr (var 0)) (showExpr best)++-- | Test 11: Equality saturation with x * 1 = x+test_eqsat_x_times_1 :: Test+test_eqsat_x_times_1 = TestCase $ do+  let tree     = var 0 * constv 1.0+      rule     = "a" * 1 :=> "a"+      (best, _) = runEG $ eqSat tree [rule] myCost 5+  assertEqual "eqSat: x*1 = x" (showExpr (var 0)) (showExpr best)++-- | Test 12: Fitness and theta storage round-trip+test_fitness_theta :: Test+test_fitness_theta = TestCase $ do+  let theta = [VU.fromList [1.0, 2.0]]+      (mf, _) = runEG $ do+        eid <- fromTree myCost (var 0)+        insertFitness eid 0.5 theta+        getFitness eid+  case mf of+    Nothing -> assertFailure "getFitness returned Nothing"+    Just f  -> assertBool "fitness should be ~0.5" (abs (f - 0.5) < eps)++-- | Test 13: Insert fitness and check range tree+test_fitness_range :: Test+test_fitness_range = TestCase $ do+  let (eg, _) = runEG $ do+        eid1 <- fromTree myCost (var 0)+        eid2 <- fromTree myCost (constv 1.0)+        insertFitness eid1 (-1.0) []+        insertFitness eid2 2.0 []+        gets _eDB+      rt = _fitRangeDB eg+  case getGreatest rt of+    Just (bestFit, _) -> assertBool "fitness range: best is 2.0" (abs (bestFit - 2.0) < eps)+    Nothing -> assertFailure "fitness range: non-empty"++-- | Test 14: getTopFitEClassWithSize+test_top_fit_size :: Test+test_top_fit_size = TestCase $ do+  let (eclasses, _) = runEG $ do+        eid1 <- fromTree myCost (var 0)          -- size 1+        eid2 <- fromTree myCost (constv 1.0)      -- size 1+        eid3 <- fromTree myCost (var 0 + constv 1.0) -- size 3+        insertFitness eid1 0.5 []+        insertFitness eid2 1.0 []+        insertFitness eid3 2.0 []+        getTopFitEClassWithSize 1 1+  assertBool "top fit size 1: should have at least one" (not $ null eclasses)+  assertEqual "top fit size 1: should be 1 result" 1 (length eclasses)++-- | Test 15: Bidirectional rule (x + 0 == x)+test_eqsat_comm :: Test+test_eqsat_comm = TestCase $ do+  let tree     = var 0 + constv 0.0+      rule     = "a" + 0 :==: "a"+      (best, _) = runEG $ eqSat tree [rule] myCost 5+  assertEqual "eqSat: x+0 == x" (showExpr (var 0)) (showExpr best)++-- | Test 16: Double negation elimination+test_eqsat_double_neg :: Test+test_eqsat_double_neg = TestCase $ do+  -- var 0 - (var 0 - const 2)  should simplify via x - (x - y) = y+  -- but we don't have that rule. Instead use const folding:+  -- (1 + 0) * x = x via x * 1 = x after const folding simplifies 1+0 to 1+  -- Actually let's use a simpler rule set+  let tree     = (constv 1.0 + constv 0.0) * var 0  -- (1+0)*x+      rules    = ["a" + 0 :=> "a", "a" * 1 :=> "a"]+      (best, _) = runEG $ eqSat tree rules myCost 10+  assertEqual "eqSat: (1+0)*x = x" (showExpr (var 0)) (showExpr best)++-- | Test 17: fromTrees builds multiple independent trees+test_fromTrees :: Test+test_fromTrees = TestCase $ do+  let trees    = [var 0, constv 1.0, var 0 + constv 1.0]+      (eids, eg) = runEG $ fromTrees myCost trees+  assertEqual "fromTrees: three trees" 3 (length eids)+  -- each eid should be distinct and valid+  let allDistinct = length eids == length (map (\x -> _canonicalMap eg IntMap.! x) eids)+  assertBool "fromTrees: distinct eclasses" allDistinct+  assertBool "fromTrees: each eid in eClass" (all (`IntMap.member` _eClass eg) eids)++-- | Test 18: Cost function respects node types+test_cost :: Test+test_cost = TestCase $ do+  let (eid, eg) = runEG $ fromTree myCost (var 0)+      cost = _cost . _info $ (_eClass eg IntMap.! eid)+  assertEqual "cost of Var is 1" 1 cost++-- | Test 19: getAllExpressionsFrom+test_get_all_expr :: Test+test_get_all_expr = TestCase $ do+  let (exprs, _) = runEG $ do+        eid <- fromTree myCost (var 0 + constv 1.0)+        getAllExpressionsFrom eid+  assertBool "getAllExpressionsFrom: non-empty" (not $ null exprs)+  assertEqual "getAllExpressionsFrom: includes original" (showExpr (var 0 + constv 1.0)) (showExpr (head exprs))++-- | Test 20: sizeFitDB has no stale entries after refit with lower fitness+test_sizeFitDB_no_stale :: Test+test_sizeFitDB_no_stale = TestCase $ do+  let (eg, _) = runEG $ do+        eid <- fromTree myCost (var 0)       -- size = 1+        insertFitness eid 1.0 []              -- insert higher fitness+        insertFitness eid 0.5 []              -- refit with lower fitness+        gets _eDB+      sfd = _sizeFitDB eg+      -- size 1 should have exactly 1 entry (the new fitness 0.5)+      size1Entries = case IntMap.lookup 1 sfd of+                       Nothing -> 0+                       Just rt -> length (RangeSet.toList rt)+  assertEqual "sizeFitDB: size 1 should have 1 entry after refit" 1 size1Entries+  -- verify the entry is the new fitness, not the old one+  case IntMap.lookup 1 sfd >>= RangeSet.lookupMax of+    Nothing -> assertFailure "sizeFitDB: size 1 should have an entry"+    Just (f, eId) -> assertBool "sizeFitDB: fitness should be 0.5" (abs (f - 0.5) < eps)++-- | Test 21: trie paths are canonical after merge+rebuild+-- repair never calls addToDB, so stale non-canonical keys remain in the trie.+-- This test verifies that no stale (non-canonical) keys exist after a merge.+test_trie_no_stale_keys :: Test+test_trie_no_stale_keys = TestCase $ do+  let (eg, _) = runEG $ do+        eid_a <- fromTree myCost (var 0)                             -- eclass 0+        eid_0 <- fromTree myCost (constv 0.0)                        -- eclass 1+        eid_t <- fromTree myCost (addZero (var 0) (constv 0.0))      -- eclass 2 (a+0)++        -- Merge a+0 (2) with a (0), so 2 → canonical 0+        mergedId <- merge myCost eid_t eid_a+        rebuild myCost++        -- Add a parent (a+0)*b after the merge+        eid_b <- fromTree myCost (var 1)                             -- eclass 3+        eid_parent <- fromTree myCost (addZero (var 0) (constv 0.0) * var 1)  -- (a+0)*b+        rebuild myCost++        gets id+      can = _canonicalMap eg+      staleKeys = getAllStaleTrieKeys can (_patDB $ _eDB eg)+  assertBool ("trie: expected exactly 1 stale key (2), got: " <> show staleKeys) (staleKeys == [2])++-- | Helper: construct a+0 bypassing Num instance optimization that rewrites +0 to identity+addZero :: Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+addZero l r = Fix (Bin Add l r)++-- | Helper: construct a binary tree bypassing Num instance simplifications+mkBin :: Op -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree -> Fix SRTree+mkBin op l r = Fix (Bin op l r)++-- | Test 22: multi-atom match works after merge (requires toCanon in intersectAtoms)+test_match_after_merge_multi_atom :: Test+test_match_after_merge_multi_atom = TestCase $ do+  let pat = Fixed (Bin Mul (Fixed (Bin Add (VarPat 'a') (Fixed (Const 0.0)))) (VarPat 'b'))+      ((substs, _, _, _, _), _) = runEG $ do+        eid_a <- fromTree myCost (var 0)+        eid_0 <- fromTree myCost (constv 0.0)+        eid_t <- fromTree myCost (addZero (var 0) (constv 0.0))+        mergedId <- merge myCost eid_t eid_a+        rebuild myCost+        eid_b <- fromTree myCost (var 1)+        eid_parent <- fromTree myCost (addZero (var 0) (constv 0.0) * var 1)+        rebuild myCost+        substs <- match pat+        pure (substs, (), (), (), ())+  assertBool "match: multi-atom should work after merge" (not $ null substs)++-- | Test 23: flattened ENAry multiset for a right-nested Add+test_enary_flatten :: Test+test_enary_flatten = TestCase $ do+  let tree = mkBin Add (var 0) (mkBin Add (var 1) (var 2))+      (eid, eg) = runEG $ fromTree myCost tree+      ec = _eClass eg IntMap.! eid+  case _best . _info $ ec of+    ENAry EAdd xs -> do+      let children = expandedList xs+      assertEqual "enary: 3 children" 3 (length children)+      assertBool "enary: distinct children" (length (nub children) == length children)+      assertBool "enary: sorted children" (children == sort children)+    _ -> assertFailure "enary: best should be a 3-ary ENAry EAdd"++-- | Test 24: commutativity is structural (a+b ≡ b+a, no rules needed)+test_enary_comm :: Test+test_enary_comm = TestCase $ do+  let ((c1, c2), _) = runEG $ do+        eid1 <- fromTree myCost (mkBin Add (var 0) (var 1))+        eid2 <- fromTree myCost (mkBin Add (var 1) (var 0))+        a <- canonical eid1+        b <- canonical eid2+        pure (a, b)+  assertEqual "comm: a+b == b+a" c1 c2++-- | Test 25: associativity flattens (a+b)+c ≡ a+(b+c) ≡ a+(c+b)+test_enary_assoc :: Test+test_enary_assoc = TestCase $ do+  let ((c1, c2, c3), _) = runEG $ do+        eid1 <- fromTree myCost (mkBin Add (mkBin Add (var 0) (var 1)) (var 2))+        eid2 <- fromTree myCost (mkBin Add (var 0) (mkBin Add (var 1) (var 2)))+        eid3 <- fromTree myCost (mkBin Add (var 0) (mkBin Add (var 2) (var 1)))+        a <- canonical eid1+        b <- canonical eid2+        c <- canonical eid3+        pure (a, b, c)+  assertEqual "assoc: (a+b)+c == a+(b+c)" c1 c2+  assertEqual "assoc: (a+b)+c == a+(c+b)" c1 c3++-- | Test 26: multiset semantics (x+x is distinct from x)+test_enary_multiset :: Test+test_enary_multiset = TestCase $ do+  let ((cX, cXX), _) = runEG $ do+        eidX <- fromTree myCost (var 0)+        eidXX <- fromTree myCost (mkBin Add (var 0) (var 0))+        a <- canonical eidX+        b <- canonical eidXX+        pure (a, b)+  assertBool "multiset: x+x /= x" (cX /= cXX)++-- | Test 27: constants fold inside flattened nodes (2+3+x ≡ 5+x)+test_enary_fold_const :: Test+test_enary_fold_const = TestCase $ do+  let ((c1, c2), _) = runEG $ do+        eid1 <- fromTree myCost (mkBin Add (mkBin Add (constv 2.0) (constv 3.0)) (var 0))+        eid2 <- fromTree myCost (mkBin Add (constv 5.0) (var 0))+        a <- canonical eid1+        b <- canonical eid2+        pure (a, b)+  assertEqual "fold-const: 2+3+x == 5+x" c1 c2++-- | Test 28: direct add of an unsorted ENAry canonicalizes and folds consts+test_enary_direct_add :: Test+test_enary_direct_add = TestCase $ do+  let ((c1, c2), _) = runEG $ do+        e2 <- fromTree myCost (constv 2.0)+        e3 <- fromTree myCost (constv 3.0)+        ex <- fromTree myCost (var 0)+        eid <- add myCost (ENAry EAdd (imFromList [e3, ex, e2]))+        eid5x <- fromTree myCost (mkBin Add (constv 5.0) (var 0))+        a <- canonical eid+        b <- canonical eid5x+        pure (a, b)+  assertEqual "direct add: ENAry [3,x,2] sorts and folds to 5+x" c1 c2++-- | Test 29: extraction of a flattened class right-folds to a binary tree+test_enary_extract :: Test+test_enary_extract = TestCase $ do+  let t1 = mkBin Add (var 0) (mkBin Add (var 1) (var 2))+      (extracted, _) = runEG $ do+        eid <- fromTree myCost t1+        getBestExpr eid+  assertEqual "extract: flattened a+b+c == a+(b+c)" (showExpr t1) (showExpr extracted)++-- | Test 30: merge cascade propagates through ENAry parents (a≡b -> a+c ≡ b+c)+test_enary_merge_cascade :: Test+test_enary_merge_cascade = TestCase $ do+  let ((c1, c2), _) = runEG $ do+        ea <- fromTree myCost (var 0)+        eb <- fromTree myCost (var 1)+        _  <- fromTree myCost (var 2)+        eac <- fromTree myCost (mkBin Add (var 0) (var 2))+        ebc <- fromTree myCost (mkBin Add (var 1) (var 2))+        merge myCost ea eb+        rebuild myCost+        a <- canonical eac+        b <- canonical ebc+        pure (a, b)+  assertEqual "cascade: after a==b, a+c == b+c" c1 c2++-- | Soundness: a closed 2-ary pattern (a+b) does NOT match a 3-ary multiset.+test_match_closed2_not_3ary :: Test+test_match_closed2_not_3ary = TestCase $ do+  let pat = "a" + "b"+      (substs, _) = runEG $ do+        x <- fromTree myCost (var 0)+        y <- fromTree myCost (var 1)+        z <- fromTree myCost (var 2)+        _ <- add myCost (ENAry EAdd (imFromList [x, y, z]))+        match pat+  assertBool "closed2: a+b does not match x+y+z" (null substs)++-- | Soundness: a+a does NOT match x+x+y (only exact multisets match).+test_match_aa_not_3ary :: Test+test_match_aa_not_3ary = TestCase $ do+  let pat = "a" + "a"+      (substs, _) = runEG $ do+        _ <- fromTree myCost (mkBin Add (var 0) (mkBin Add (var 0) (var 1)))+        match pat+  assertBool "aa: a+a does not match x+x+y" (null substs)++-- | B3: 0 + x + y = x + y (n-ary open-rest rule).+test_eqsat_zero_plus_rest :: Test+test_eqsat_zero_plus_rest = TestCase $ do+  let tree = addZero (constv 0.0) (addZero (var 0) (var 1))+  assertEqual "0+x+y = x+y"+              (showExpr (var 0 + var 1))+              (showExpr (simplifyEqSatDefault tree))++-- | B7: xy + xz + w = x(y+z) + w (n-ary factoring with a rest variable).+test_eqsat_factoring :: Test+test_eqsat_factoring = TestCase $ do+  let tree = ((var 0 * var 1) + (var 0 * var 2)) + var 3+  assertEqual "xy+xz+w = x(y+z)+w"+              (showExpr ((var 0 * (var 1 + var 2)) + var 3))+              (showExpr (simplifyEqSatDefault tree))++-- | C9 is a closed 2-ary rule: (x+y+z)^2 is NOT expanded to a binomial.+test_eqsat_binomial_closed2 :: Test+test_eqsat_binomial_closed2 = TestCase $ do+  let tree = ((var 0 + var 1) + var 2) ** constv 2.0+  assertEqual "(x+y+z)^2 not expanded"+              (showExpr ((var 0 + (var 1 + var 2)) ** constv 2.0))+              (showExpr (simplifyEqSatDefault tree))++-- | C14: sqrt(x*x) = abs x (closed 2-ary multiset).+test_eqsat_sqrt_square :: Test+test_eqsat_sqrt_square = TestCase $ do+  let rule = sqrt (NAry EMul [Ch "x", Ch "x"]) :=> abs "x"+      (best, _) = runEG $ eqSat (sqrt (var 0 * var 0)) [rule] myCost 5+  assertEqual "sqrt(x*x) = abs x" (showExpr (abs (var 0))) (showExpr best)++-- | x/x = 1 and x-x = 0 (constant identities).+test_eqsat_identities :: Test+test_eqsat_identities = TestCase $ do+  assertEqual "x/x = 1" (showExpr (constv 1.0)) (showExpr (simplifyEqSatDefault (var 0 / var 0)))+  assertEqual "x-x = 0" (showExpr (constv 0.0)) (showExpr (simplifyEqSatDefault (var 0 - var 0)))++-- | helper: run eqSat with the full rule set and collect every expression+-- in the root eclass (used to assert that a rule "fires" even if a cheaper+-- representative is extracted).+allExprsOf :: Fix SRTree -> [Fix SRTree]+allExprsOf t = fst $ runEG $ do+  root <- fromTree myCost t+  _ <- runEqSat myCost rewrites 20+  getAllExpressionsFrom root++-- | C11 fires: log(x*y) expands to log x + log y inside the root eclass.+test_eqsat_log_distributes :: Test+test_eqsat_log_distributes = TestCase $ do+  let exprs  = allExprsOf (log (var 0 * var 1))+      target = showExpr (log (var 0) + log (var 1))+  assertBool "log(x*y) contains log x + log y"+             (any (\e -> showExpr e == target) exprs)++-- | C12 fires: abs(x*y) expands to abs x * abs y inside the root eclass.+test_eqsat_abs_distributes :: Test+test_eqsat_abs_distributes = TestCase $ do+  let exprs  = allExprsOf (abs (var 0 * var 1))+      target = showExpr (abs (var 0) * abs (var 1))+  assertBool "abs(x*y) contains abs x * abs y"+             (any (\e -> showExpr e == target) exprs)++-- | C13 fires: (x*y)^z expands to x^z * y^z inside the root eclass.+test_eqsat_pow_distributes :: Test+test_eqsat_pow_distributes = TestCase $ do+  let exprs  = allExprsOf ((var 0 * var 1) ** constv 2.0)+      target = showExpr ((var 0 ** constv 2.0) * (var 1 ** constv 2.0))+  assertBool "(x*y)^2 contains x^2 * y^2"+             (any (\e -> showExpr e == target) exprs)++-- | B9 (a :==: rule): x^2 * x^3 = x^5.+test_eqsat_pow_mul :: Test+test_eqsat_pow_mul = TestCase $ do+  let tree = (var 0 ** constv 2.0) * (var 0 ** constv 3.0)+  assertEqual "x^2*x^3 = x^5" (showExpr (var 0 ** constv 5.0))+              (showExpr (simplifyEqSatDefault tree))++-- | B11 (a :==: rule): (x^2)^3 = x^6.+test_eqsat_pow_pow :: Test+test_eqsat_pow_pow = TestCase $ do+  let tree = (var 0 ** constv 2.0) ** constv 3.0+  assertEqual "(x^2)^3 = x^6" (showExpr (var 0 ** constv 6.0))+              (showExpr (simplifyEqSatDefault tree))++-- | x^y * x = x^(y+1): x^2 * x = x^3.+test_eqsat_pow_mul_x :: Test+test_eqsat_pow_mul_x = TestCase $ do+  let tree = (var 0 ** constv 2.0) * var 0+  assertEqual "x^2*x = x^3" (showExpr (var 0 ** constv 3.0))+              (showExpr (simplifyEqSatDefault tree))++-- | B4: (0*x)*y = 0.+test_eqsat_zero_mul :: Test+test_eqsat_zero_mul = TestCase $ do+  let tree = mkBin Mul (mkBin Mul (constv 0.0) (var 0)) (var 1)+  assertEqual "(0*x)*y = 0" (showExpr (constv 0.0))+              (showExpr (simplifyEqSatDefault tree))++-- | B4 guard: (0*NaN)*x is NOT folded to 0 (NaN invalidates the rest).+test_eqsat_zero_mul_nan :: Test+test_eqsat_zero_mul_nan = TestCase $ do+  let tree = mkBin Mul (mkBin Mul (constv 0.0) (constv (0/0))) (var 0)+      best = simplifyEqSatDefault tree+  assertBool "(0*NaN)*x /= 0" (showExpr best /= showExpr (constv 0.0))++-- | rewritesParams: x-x and x/x become Param 0.+test_eqsat_params :: Test+test_eqsat_params = TestCase $ do+  let (b1, _) = runEG $ eqSat (var 0 - var 0) rewritesParams myCost 10+      (b2, _) = runEG $ eqSat (var 0 / var 0) rewritesParams myCost 10+  assertEqual "x-x = Param 0 (param mode)" (showExpr (param 0)) (showExpr b1)+  assertEqual "x/x = Param 0 (param mode)" (showExpr (param 0)) (showExpr b2)++-- | Soundness: x*x*y stays as a right-folded Mul, NOT x^2 (B1 is 2-ary only).+test_eqsat_xxy_sound :: Test+test_eqsat_xxy_sound = TestCase $ do+  let tree = mkBin Mul (mkBin Mul (var 0) (var 0)) (var 1)+  assertEqual "x*x*y stays right-folded"+              (showExpr (var 0 * (var 0 * var 1)))+              (showExpr (simplifyEqSatDefault tree))++-- | Completeness: a*b matches every Mul node inside a merged class.+test_match_complete_multinode :: Test+test_match_complete_multinode = TestCase $ do+  let pat = "a" * "b"+      (n, _) = runEG $ do+        _ <- fromTree myCost (var 0)+        _ <- fromTree myCost (var 1)+        _ <- fromTree myCost (var 2)+        _ <- fromTree myCost (var 3)+        m1 <- fromTree myCost (var 0 * var 1)+        m2 <- fromTree myCost (var 2 * var 3)+        _ <- merge myCost m1 m2+        rebuild myCost+        s <- match pat+        pure (length s)+  assertBool "complete: a*b yields all substs in a merged class" (n >= 2)++-- | helper: find all non-canonical eclass ids in the trie+getAllStaleTrieKeys :: IntMap.IntMap Int -> DB -> [EClassId]+getAllStaleTrieKeys can = concatMap goIntTrie . Map.elems+  where+    goIntTrie (IntTrie m) =+      [k | k <- IntMap.keys m, not (isCanon k)]+      ++ concatMap goIntTrie (IntMap.elems m)+    isCanon eid = case IntMap.lookup eid can of+                    Just v  -> v == eid+                    Nothing -> False++prependLabel :: String -> Test -> Test+prependLabel label t = TestLabel label t++tests :: Test+tests = TestList+  [ prependLabel "fromTree-var"       test_fromTree_var+  , prependLabel "fromTree-bin"       test_fromTree_bin+  , prependLabel "canonical-identity" test_canonical_identity+  , prependLabel "canonize"           test_canonize+  , prependLabel "add-duplicate"      test_add_duplicate+  , prependLabel "merge"              test_merge+  , prependLabel "rebuild"            test_rebuild+  , prependLabel "match"              test_match+  , prependLabel "getBestExpr"        test_getBestExpr+  , prependLabel "eqsat-x+0"          test_eqsat_x_plus_0+  , prependLabel "eqsat-x*1"          test_eqsat_x_times_1+  , prependLabel "fitness-theta"      test_fitness_theta+  , prependLabel "fitness-range"      test_fitness_range+  , prependLabel "top-fit-size"       test_top_fit_size+  , prependLabel "eqsat-comm"         test_eqsat_comm+  , prependLabel "eqsat-double-neg"   test_eqsat_double_neg+  , prependLabel "fromTrees"          test_fromTrees+  , prependLabel "cost"               test_cost+  , prependLabel "getAllExpressions"  test_get_all_expr+  , prependLabel "sizeFitDB-no-stale" test_sizeFitDB_no_stale+  , prependLabel "trie-no-stale-keys" test_trie_no_stale_keys+  , prependLabel "match-after-merge"  test_match_after_merge_multi_atom+  , prependLabel "enary-flatten"      test_enary_flatten+  , prependLabel "enary-comm"         test_enary_comm+  , prependLabel "enary-assoc"        test_enary_assoc+  , prependLabel "enary-multiset"     test_enary_multiset+  , prependLabel "enary-fold-const"   test_enary_fold_const+  , prependLabel "enary-direct-add"   test_enary_direct_add+  , prependLabel "enary-extract"      test_enary_extract+  , prependLabel "enary-merge-cascade" test_enary_merge_cascade+  , prependLabel "match-closed2-3ary"  test_match_closed2_not_3ary+  , prependLabel "match-aa-not-3ary"   test_match_aa_not_3ary+  , prependLabel "eqsat-0+rest"        test_eqsat_zero_plus_rest+  , prependLabel "eqsat-factoring"     test_eqsat_factoring+  , prependLabel "eqsat-binomial-2ary" test_eqsat_binomial_closed2+  , prependLabel "eqsat-sqrt-square"   test_eqsat_sqrt_square+  , prependLabel "eqsat-identities"    test_eqsat_identities+  , prependLabel "eqsat-log-dist"      test_eqsat_log_distributes+  , prependLabel "eqsat-abs-dist"      test_eqsat_abs_distributes+  , prependLabel "eqsat-pow-dist"      test_eqsat_pow_distributes+  , prependLabel "eqsat-pow-mul"       test_eqsat_pow_mul+  , prependLabel "eqsat-pow-pow"       test_eqsat_pow_pow+  , prependLabel "eqsat-pow-mul-x"     test_eqsat_pow_mul_x+  , prependLabel "eqsat-0*mul"         test_eqsat_zero_mul+  , prependLabel "eqsat-0*mul-NaN"     test_eqsat_zero_mul_nan+  , prependLabel "eqsat-params"        test_eqsat_params+  , prependLabel "eqsat-x*x*y-sound"   test_eqsat_xxy_sound+  , prependLabel "match-complete"      test_match_complete_multinode+  ]
test/Spec.hs view
@@ -1,76 +1,115 @@-import Data.SRTree--import qualified Data.Vector as V-import Numeric.AD.Double ( grad )-import Test.HUnit ---- test expressions-exprs = [-    param 0 * sin ( param 1)-  , sin (param 0) + cos (param 1)-  , 0.5 * sin (param 0) + 0.7 * cos (param 1)-  , log (param 0) + param 0 * param 1 - sin (param 1)-  , 1 / param 0 * param 1-  , param 0 + param 1 + param 0 * param 1 + sin (param 0) + sin (param 1) + cos (param 0) + cos (param 1) + sin (param 0 * param 1) + cos (param 0 * param 1)-  , sin (exp (param 0) + param 1)-  ]---- autodiff with multiple occurrences of vars-autoDiffMult :: [[Double]]-autoDiffMult =  [ grad (\[x,y] -> x * sin y) [2,3]-          , grad (\[x,y] -> sin x + cos y) [2,3]-          , grad (\[x,y] -> 0.5 * sin x + 0.7 * cos y) [2,3]-          , grad (\[x,y] -> log x + x*y - sin y) [2,3]-          , grad (\[x,y] -> 1 / x * y) [2,3]-          , grad (\[x,y] -> x + y + x * y + sin x + sin y + cos x + cos y + sin (x * y) + cos (x * y)) [2,3]-          , grad (\[x,y] -> sin (exp x + y)) [2,3]-          ]---- autodiff with single occurrences of vars-autoDiffSingle :: [[Double]]-autoDiffSingle = [ grad (\[x,y] -> x * sin y) [2,3]-          , grad (\[x,y] -> sin x + cos y) [2,3]-          , grad (\[x,y] -> 0.5 * sin x + 0.7 * cos y) [2,3]-          , grad (\[x,y,v,w] -> log x + y*v - sin w) [2,3,2,3]-          , grad (\[x,y] -> 1 / x * y) [2,3]-          , grad (\[a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l] -> a + b + c * d + sin e + sin f + cos g + cos h + sin (i * j) + cos (k * l)) [2,3,2,3,2,3,2,3,2,3,2,3]-          , grad (\[x,y] -> sin (exp x + y)) [2,3]-          ]---- xs is empty since we are interested in theta-xs :: V.Vector a-xs = V.empty--- theta values-thetaMulti, thetaSingle :: V.Vector Double-thetaMulti  = V.fromList [2.0, 3.0]-thetaSingle = V.fromList [2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0]---- values from forward mode-forwardVals :: [[Double]]-forwardVals = map (forwardMode xs thetaMulti id) exprs+import Test.HUnit+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as VU+import qualified Data.Vector.Storable as VS+import Data.SRTree.Internal+import Data.SRTree.Recursion (Fix)+import Data.SRTree.Eval (compile)+import Algorithm.SRTree.AD.Unboxed (CompiledTree, compileTree, compileTreeMulti, evalGrad, evalGradVec, evalGradMulti)+import qualified EqSatTests+import qualified StoreTests+import Data.SRTree.Random (randomTree, tossBiased, randomFrom)+import System.Random (mkStdGen)+import Control.Monad.State.Strict (evalStateT)+import Data.SRTree.Datasets (loadDataset)+import Control.Monad (forM_) --- values from grad--- we must relabel the parameters of the expression to sequence values-gradVals :: [(Double, [Double])]-gradVals = map (gradParamsFwd xs thetaSingle id . relabelParams) exprs+-- Small epsilon compare for Doubles+eps :: Double+eps = 1e-9 --- values of the evaluated expressions-exprVals :: [Double]-exprVals = map (evalTree xs thetaSingle id . relabelParams) exprs+approxEqual :: [Double] -> [Double] -> Bool+approxEqual a b = and $ zipWith (\x y -> abs (x - y) < eps) a b -refGrad :: [(Double, [Double])]-refGrad = zip exprVals autoDiffSingle+test_compile :: Test+test_compile = TestCase $ do+  let xss = [VU.fromList [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]]+      tree = var 0 * param 0 + param 1+      theta = VU.fromList [2.0, 0.5]+      yhat = compile xss tree theta+      got = VU.toList yhat+      expected = [2.5, 4.5, 6.5]+  assertBool ("compile produced " ++ show got ++ " expected " ++ show expected) (approxEqual got expected) -testDiff :: (Eq a, Show a) => String -> String -> a -> a -> Test-testDiff lbl name a b = TestLabel lbl $ TestCase (assertEqual name a b)+-- Gradient correctness: the compact ctStatic layout must agree with finite+-- differences (objective) and with the row-fused `evalGrad` backend across+-- the vectorized `evalGradVec` and chunked `evalGradMulti` paths.+test_grad :: Test+test_grad = TestCase $ do+  let xss = [ VU.fromList [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0]+            , VU.fromList [0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5]+            , VU.fromList [2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25] ]+      y   = VU.fromList [3.1, 5.2, 7.3, 9.4]+      -- ((x0 + t0) * exp(x1)) / (x2 + t1)  -- mixes static and dynamic subtrees+      tree = (var 0 + param 0) * exp (var 1) / (var 2 + param 1)+      theta = VS.fromList [1.0, 0.5]+      ct   = compileTree xss y Nothing tree+      cts  = compileTreeMulti xss y Nothing tree+      (f0, g0) = evalGrad ct theta+      (f1, g1) = evalGradVec ct theta+      (f2, g2) = evalGradMulti cts theta+      -- finite-difference gradient+      h  = 1e-6+      gfd = VS.toList $ VS.generate (VS.length theta) $ \i ->+              let e    = VS.fromList (map (\j -> if j == i then h else 0) [0 .. VS.length theta - 1])+                  (fp, _) = evalGradVec ct (VS.zipWith (+) theta e)+                  (fm, _) = evalGradVec ct (VS.zipWith (-) theta e)+              in (fp - fm) / (2 * h)+  assertBool "evalGradVec objective != evalGrad"   (abs (f1 - f0) < 1e-6)+  assertBool "evalGradMulti objective != evalGrad" (abs (f2 - f0) < 1e-6)+  assertBool "evalGradVec gradient != finite diff"+    (and (zipWith (\a b -> abs (a - b) < 1e-4) (VS.toList g1) gfd))+  assertBool "evalGrad gradient != finite diff"+    (and (zipWith (\a b -> abs (a - b) < 1e-4) (VS.toList g0) gfd)) -tests :: Test-tests = TestList $-     zipWith (testDiff "forward mode" "autodiff x forward mode") autoDiffMult forwardVals-  <> zipWith (testDiff "opt. grad. parameters" "(evalTree, autodiff) x gradVals") refGrad gradVals-  <> zipWith (testDiff "deriveByParam" "deriveByParam x autodiff") (map head autoDiffSingle) (map (head.snd) gradVals)+test_benchgrad :: Test+test_benchgrad = TestCase $ do+  let genTerm    = do coin <- tossBiased 0.4+                      if coin then randomFrom [Fix $ Var ix | ix <- [0..8]] else randomFrom [Fix $ Param ix | ix <- [0..9]]+      genNonTerm = randomFrom [Bin Add () (), Bin Sub () (), Bin Mul () (), Uni LogAbs (), Uni SqrtAbs ()]+      genMultipleTrees 0 = pure []+      genMultipleTrees n = do+          t  <- randomTree 5 10 150 genTerm genNonTerm False+          ts <- genMultipleTrees (n-1)+          pure (t:ts)+      g = mkStdGen 42+  trees' <- evalStateT (genMultipleTrees 5) g+  ((dataset, y, _, _), _, _, _) <- loadDataset "data.tsv" True+  let thetaU = VU.fromList [1.0, 0.5, 0.2, 0.3, 0.1, 0.5, 0.9, 0.3, 0.2, 0.4]+      thetaS = VS.convert thetaU+      trees  = map relabelParamsOrder $ filter (\t -> let v = VU.sum (compile dataset t thetaU) in not (isInfinite v || isNaN v)) trees'+      h = 1e-6+      gfd :: CompiledTree -> VS.Vector Double+      gfd ct = VS.generate (VS.length thetaS) $ \i ->+          let e = VS.fromList (map (\j -> if j == i then h else 0) [0 .. VS.length thetaS - 1])+              (fp, _) = evalGradVec ct (VS.zipWith (+) thetaS e)+              (fm, _) = evalGradVec ct (VS.zipWith (-) thetaS e)+          in (fp - fm) / (2 * h)+  forM_ (zip [0..] trees) $ \(i, t) -> do+      let ct = compileTree dataset y Nothing t+          cts = compileTreeMulti dataset y Nothing t+          (f1, g1) = evalGradVec ct thetaS+          (f0, g0) = evalGrad ct thetaS+          (f2, g2) = evalGradMulti cts thetaS+          fd = gfd ct+      putStrLn ("benchgrad tree " ++ show i ++ " obj=" ++ show f1)+      assertBool ("tree " ++ show i ++ " evalGradVec objective != evalGrad") (abs (f1 - f0) < 1e-6 * max 1 (abs f0))+      assertBool ("tree " ++ show i ++ " evalGradMulti objective != evalGrad") (abs (f2 - f0) < 1e-6 * max 1 (abs f0))+      assertBool ("tree " ++ show i ++ " evalGradVec gradient mismatch") (and (zipWith (\a b -> abs (a - b) < 1e-3 * max 1 (abs a)) (VS.toList g1) (VS.toList fd)))+      assertBool ("tree " ++ show i ++ " evalGrad gradient mismatch") (and (zipWith (\a b -> abs (a - b) < 1e-3 * max 1 (abs a)) (VS.toList g0) (VS.toList fd)))+      assertBool ("tree " ++ show i ++ " evalGradMulti gradient != evalGrad") (and (zipWith (\a b -> abs (a - b) < 1e-9 * max 1 (abs a)) (VS.toList g0) (VS.toList g2)))  main :: IO () main = do-    result <- runTestTT tests-    putStrLn $ showCounts result+  let t1 = TestLabel "compile" test_compile+      t2 = TestLabel "grad" test_grad++  counts <- runTestTT $ TestList+    [ t1+    , t2+    , TestLabel "benchgrad" test_benchgrad+    , TestLabel "eqsat" EqSatTests.tests+    , TestLabel "store" StoreTests.tests+    ]+  if failures counts /= 0 || errors counts /= 0+    then error "Some tests failed"+    else pure ()
+ test/StoreTests.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@+{-# LANGUAGE TupleSections #-}++module StoreTests where++import Test.HUnit+import Data.SRTree+import qualified Data.IntMap as IntMap+import qualified Data.HashMap.Strict as HashMap+import Algorithm.EqSat+import Algorithm.EqSat.Egraph+import Algorithm.EqSat.Build+import Algorithm.EqSat.DB+import Algorithm.EqSat.Info+import Algorithm.EqSat.Queries+import Algorithm.EqSat.Store+import Control.Monad.State.Strict+import Control.Monad.Identity++myCost :: SRTree Int -> Int+myCost (Var _)     = 1+myCost (Const _)   = 1+myCost (Param _)   = 1+myCost (Bin _ l r) = 2 + l + r+myCost (Uni _ t)   = 3 + t++-- | run a stateful computation on a specific graph+runIn :: EGraph -> EGraphST Identity a -> (a, EGraph)+runIn g m = runIdentity $ runStateT m g++evalIn :: EGraph -> EGraphST Identity a -> a+evalIn g m = runIdentity $ evalStateT m g++-- | graph A: x0, x1, x0+x1 (with fitness on the sum)+buildA :: (EClassId, EGraph)+buildA = runIn emptyGraph $ do+  _      <- fromTree myCost (var 0)+  _      <- fromTree myCost (var 1)+  eidSum <- fromTree myCost (var 0 + var 1)+  insertFitness eidSum 0.5 []+  pure eidSum++-- | graph B: x1, x0+x1, (x0+x1)*x2  (shares x1 and x0+x1 with A)+buildB :: EGraph+buildB = snd $ runIn emptyGraph $ do+  _ <- fromTree myCost (var 1)+  _ <- fromTree myCost (var 0 + var 1)+  _ <- fromTree myCost ((var 0 + var 1) * var 2)+  pure ()++-- | pattern (x0+x1)*x2 = (A + B) * C+prodPattern :: Pattern+prodPattern = Fixed (Bin Mul (Fixed (Bin Add (VarPat 'A') (VarPat 'B'))) (VarPat 'C'))++-- | Test 1: export/import round-trip preserves the rows exactly+test_roundtrip :: Test+test_roundtrip = TestCase $ do+  let (_, g) = runIn emptyGraph $ do+        _ <- fromTree myCost (var 0)+        _ <- fromTree myCost (var 1)+        _ <- fromTree myCost (var 0 + var 1)+        _ <- fromTree myCost ((var 0 + var 1) * var 2)+        pure ()+      rows = exportEGraph g+  case importEGraph rows of+    Left err -> assertFailure ("import failed: " ++ err)+    Right g' -> do+      let rows' = exportEGraph g'+      assertBool "round-trip: rows differ" (rows == rows')+      assertBool "round-trip: class count" (IntMap.size (_grEClasses rows) == IntMap.size (_grEClasses rows'))+      assertBool "round-trip: node count" (HashMap.size (_grENodeToEClass rows) == HashMap.size (_grENodeToEClass rows'))++-- | Test 2: round-trip preserves fitness and rebuilds the range DB+test_roundtrip_fitness :: Test+test_roundtrip_fitness = TestCase $ do+  let (sumEid, g) = runIn emptyGraph $ do+        eidSum <- fromTree myCost (var 0 + var 1)+        insertFitness eidSum 0.42 []+        pure eidSum+      rows = exportEGraph g+  case importEGraph rows of+    Left err -> assertFailure ("import failed: " ++ err)+    Right g' -> do+      let fit = evalIn g' (getFitness sumEid)+      assertEqual "round-trip: fitness" (Just 0.42) fit+      let mx = getGreatest (_fitRangeDB (_eDB g'))+      assertEqual "round-trip: fitRangeDB max" (Just (0.42, sumEid)) mx+      -- a node added *after* import dedups against the loaded graph (no dup class)+      let (eidNew, g'') = runIn g' $ fromTree myCost (var 0 + var 1)+          nClasses = IntMap.size (_eClass g'')+      assertBool "post-import dedup adds no class" (eidNew == sumEid && nClasses == IntMap.size (_eClass g'))++-- | Test 3: import rejects inconsistent rows+test_import_invalid :: Test+test_import_invalid = TestCase $ do+  let (_, g) = runIn emptyGraph $ do+        _ <- fromTree myCost (var 0)+        pure ()+      rows = exportEGraph g+      bad  = rows { _grENodeToEClass = HashMap.insert (EVar 0) 999 (_grENodeToEClass rows) } -- 999 not in canonical map+  case importEGraph bad of+    Left _  -> pure ()+    Right _ -> assertFailure "invalid rows should have been rejected"++-- | Test 4: merge dedups shared structure and adds only new classes+test_merge :: Test+test_merge = TestCase $ do+  let (sumEidA, gA) = buildA+      gM = case mergeEGraph myCost gA buildB of+             Left err  -> error ("merge failed: " ++ err)+             Right g   -> g+      nA = IntMap.size (_eClass gA)+      nM = IntMap.size (_eClass gM)+  assertEqual "merge: adds only classes absent from A (x2, product)" (nA + 2) nM+  -- B's unique expression (x0+x1)*x2 is present and matchable+  let nMatch = length $ evalIn gM (match prodPattern)+  assertBool "merge: B's unique expression present" (nMatch > 0)+  -- A's fitness on the shared sum class is preserved (same canonical id)+  assertEqual "merge: A fitness preserved" (Just 0.5) (evalIn gM (getFitness sumEidA))++-- | Test 5: merge preserves round-trip+test_merge_roundtrip :: Test+test_merge_roundtrip = TestCase $ do+  let (_, gA) = buildA+      gM = case mergeEGraph myCost gA buildB of+             Left err  -> error ("merge failed: " ++ err)+             Right g   -> g+      rows = exportEGraph gM+  case importEGraph rows of+    Left err -> assertFailure ("import failed: " ++ err)+    Right gM' -> assertBool "merge round-trip: rows differ" (exportEGraph gM' == rows)++-- | Test 6: stale node->class entries (a node pointing at a class whose+-- canonical representative is another class) are canonicalized on import+test_import_stale_canonicalizes :: Test+test_import_stale_canonicalizes = TestCase $ do+  let (keep, g) = buildA                      -- keep = x0+x1, a root class, has fitness+      rows0 = exportEGraph g+      dead  = _grNextId rows0                 -- a fresh id not yet in the graph+      rows  = rows0 { _grCanonical = IntMap.insert dead keep (_grCanonical rows0)+                    , _grEClasses  = IntMap.insert dead+                                       (IntMap.findWithDefault (error "keep missing") keep (_grEClasses rows0))+                                       (_grEClasses rows0)+                    , _grENodeToEClass = HashMap.insert (EBin Add 2 3) dead (_grENodeToEClass rows0)+                    , _grNextId = dead + 1 }+  case importEGraph rows of+    Left err -> assertFailure ("import of stale rows failed: " ++ err)+    Right g' -> do+      let canon    = _grCanonical (exportEGraph g')+          posts    = exportEGraph g'+          deadNext = IntMap.lookup dead (_grEClasses posts)+      -- the dead class is gone and every node points at a canonical class+      assertEqual "dead class dropped" Nothing deadNext+      assertBool "all node->class values canonical"+        (all (\eid -> IntMap.lookup eid canon == Just eid) (HashMap.elems (_grENodeToEClass posts)))+      -- the kept class is still there with its fitness (via the fit range db)+      assertEqual "kept fitness preserved" (Just 0.5) (evalIn g' (getFitness keep))++prependLabel :: String -> Test -> Test+prependLabel label t = TestLabel label t++tests :: Test+tests = TestList+  [ prependLabel "store-roundtrip"       test_roundtrip+  , prependLabel "store-roundtrip-fit"   test_roundtrip_fitness+  , prependLabel "store-import-invalid"  test_import_invalid+  , prependLabel "store-merge"           test_merge+  , prependLabel "store-merge-roundtrip" test_merge_roundtrip+  , prependLabel "store-stale-canon"     test_import_stale_canonicalizes+  ]