packages feed

spectral-clustering (empty) → 0.2.1.1

raw patch · 7 files changed

+1363/−0 lines, 7 filesdep +basedep +clusteringdep +eigensetup-changed

Dependencies added: base, clustering, eigen, hmatrix, hmatrix-svdlibc, mwc-random, safe, sparse-linear-algebra, statistics, vector

Files

+ LICENSE view
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+ Setup.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@+import Distribution.Simple+main = defaultMain
+ spectral-clustering.cabal view
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@+name:                spectral-clustering+version:             0.2.1.1+synopsis:            Library for spectral clustering.+description:         Spectral clustering of a matrix.+homepage:            http://github.com/GregorySchwartz/spectral-clustering#readme+license:             GPL-3+license-file:        LICENSE+author:              Gregory W. Schwartz+maintainer:          gsch@mail.med.upenn.edu+copyright:           2018 Gregory W. Schwartz+category:            Math+build-type:          Simple+-- extra-source-files:+cabal-version:       >=1.10++library+  hs-source-dirs:      src+  exposed-modules:     Math.Clustering.Spectral.Dense+                     , Math.Clustering.Spectral.Sparse+                     , Math.Clustering.Spectral.Eigen.FeatureMatrix+                     , Math.Clustering.Spectral.Eigen.AdjacencyMatrix+  build-depends:       base >= 4.7 && < 5+                     , clustering+                     , eigen+                     , hmatrix+                     , hmatrix-svdlibc+                     , mwc-random+                     , safe+                     , sparse-linear-algebra+                     , statistics+                     , vector+  ghc-options:         -O2+  default-language:    Haskell2010++source-repository head+  type:     git+  location: https://github.com/GregorySchwartz/spectral-clustering
+ src/Math/Clustering/Spectral/Dense.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@+{- Math.Clustering.Spectral.Dense+Gregory W. Schwartz++Collects the functions pertaining to spectral clustering.+-}++module Math.Clustering.Spectral.Dense+    ( spectralClusterKNorm+    , spectralClusterNorm+    , spectralNorm+    , getDegreeMatrix+    , AdjacencyMatrix (..)+    ) where++-- Remote+import Data.Bool (bool)+import Data.Function (on)+import Data.List (sortBy)+import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe)+import Safe (headMay)+import qualified AI.Clustering.KMeans as K+import qualified Data.Vector as V+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as U+import qualified Numeric.LinearAlgebra as H+import qualified Statistics.Quantile as S++-- Local++type LabelVector     = H.Vector Double+type AdjacencyMatrix = H.Matrix Double++-- | Returns the clustering of eigenvectors with the second smallest eigenvalues+-- and on of the symmetric normalized Laplacian L. Computes real symmetric part+-- of L, so ensure the input is real and symmetric. Diagonal should be 0s for+-- adjacency matrix. Clusters the eigenvector using kmeans into k groups from e+-- eigenvectors.+spectralClusterKNorm :: Int -> Int -> AdjacencyMatrix -> LabelVector+spectralClusterKNorm e k mat+  | H.rows mat < 1  = H.fromList []+  | H.rows mat == 1 = H.fromList [0]+  | otherwise       = V.convert+                    . U.map fromIntegral+                    . K.membership+                    . (\x -> K.kmeansBy k x id K.defaultKMeansOpts)+                    . V.fromList+                    . fmap V.convert+                    . H.toRows+                    . H.fromColumns+                    . fmap H.normalize -- Normalize within eigenvectors (columns).+                    . H.toColumns+                    . H.fromRows+                    . spectralNorm 1 e+                    $ mat++-- | Returns the eigenvector with the second smallest eigenvalue of the+-- symmetric normalized Laplacian L. Computes real symmetric part of L, so+-- ensure the input is real and symmetric. Diagonal should be 0s for adjacency+-- matrix.+spectralClusterNorm :: AdjacencyMatrix -> LabelVector+spectralClusterNorm mat+  | H.rows mat < 1  = H.fromList []+  | H.rows mat == 1 = H.fromList [0]+  | otherwise       =+      H.cmap (bool 0 1 . (>= 0)) . mconcat . spectralNorm 2 1 $ mat++-- | Returns the eigenvectors with the Nth smallest eigenvalue and on of the+-- symmetric normalized Laplacian L. Computes real symmetric part of L, so+-- ensure the input is real and symmetric. Diagonal should be 0s for adjacency+-- matrix.+spectralNorm :: Int -> Int -> AdjacencyMatrix -> [H.Vector Double]+spectralNorm n e mat+    | e < 1 = error "Less than 1 eigenvector chosen for clustering."+    | n < 1 = error "N < 1, cannot go before first eigenvector."+    | otherwise = H.toRows+                . flip (H.??) (H.All, H.TakeLast e)+                . flip (H.??) (H.All, H.DropLast (n - 1))+                . snd+                . H.eigSH+                $ lNorm+  where+    lNorm = H.sym $ i - mconcat [invD, mat, invD]+    invD  = H.diag+          . H.cmap (\x -> if x == 0 then x else x ** (- 1 / 2))+          . getDegreeVector+          $ mat+    i     = H.ident . H.rows $ mat++-- | Obtain the degree matrix.+getDegreeMatrix :: AdjacencyMatrix -> H.Matrix Double+getDegreeMatrix = H.diag . getDegreeVector++-- | Obtain the degree vector.+getDegreeVector :: AdjacencyMatrix -> H.Vector Double+getDegreeVector = H.vector . fmap H.sumElements . H.toRows
+ src/Math/Clustering/Spectral/Eigen/AdjacencyMatrix.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@+{- Math.Clustering.Spectral.Eigen.AdjacencyMatrix+Gregory W. Schwartz++Collects the functions pertaining to spectral clustering.+-}++{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}++module Math.Clustering.Spectral.Eigen.AdjacencyMatrix+    ( spectralClusterKNorm+    , spectralClusterNorm+    , spectralNorm+    , getDegreeMatrix+    , secondLeft+    , AdjacencyMatrix (..)+    ) where++-- Remote+import Control.Monad (replicateM)+import Data.Bool (bool)+import Data.Function (on)+import Data.List (sortBy)+import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe)+import Safe (headMay)+import System.Random.MWC (createSystemRandom, uniform)+import qualified AI.Clustering.KMeans as K+import qualified Data.Eigen.SparseMatrix as S+import qualified Data.Vector as V+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as U+import qualified Numeric.LinearAlgebra as H+import qualified Numeric.LinearAlgebra.Devel as H+import qualified Numeric.LinearAlgebra.SVD.SVDLIBC as SVD+import qualified Statistics.Quantile as Stat++-- Local++type LabelVector     = S.SparseMatrixXd+type AdjacencyMatrix = S.SparseMatrixXd++-- | Returns the clustering of the eigenvectors with the second smallest+-- eigenvalues of the symmetric normalized Laplacian L. Computes real symmetric+-- part of L, so ensure the input is real and symmetric. Diagonal should be 0s+-- for adjacency matrix. Clusters the eigenvector using kmeans into k groups.+spectralClusterKNorm :: Int -> Int -> AdjacencyMatrix -> LabelVector+spectralClusterKNorm e k mat+  | S.rows mat < 1  = S.fromDenseList [[]]+  | S.rows mat == 1 = S.fromDenseList [[0]]+  | otherwise       = kmeansVec k . spectralNorm 1 e $ mat++-- | Returns the clustering of the eigenvectors with the second smallest+-- eigenvalues of the symmetric normalized Laplacian L. Computes real symmetric+-- part of L, so ensure the input is real and symmetric. Diagonal should be 0s+-- for adjacency matrix. Clusters the eigenvector by sign.+spectralClusterNorm :: AdjacencyMatrix -> LabelVector+spectralClusterNorm mat+  | S.rows mat < 1  = S.fromDenseList [[]]+  | S.rows mat == 1 = S.fromDenseList [[0]]+  | otherwise       = S.fromDenseList+                    . (fmap . fmap) (bool 0 1 . (>= 0))+                    . S.toDenseList+                    . spectralNorm 2 1+                    $ mat++-- | Returns the eigenvector with the second smallest eigenvalue (or N start)+-- and E on of the symmetric normalized Laplacian L. Computes real symmetric+-- part of L, so ensure the input is real and symmetric. Diagonal should be 0s+-- for adjacency matrix. Uses I + Lnorm instead of I - Lnorm to find second+-- largest singular value instead of second smallest for Lnorm.+spectralNorm :: Int -> Int -> AdjacencyMatrix -> S.SparseMatrixXd+spectralNorm n e mat+    | e < 1 = error "Less than 1 eigenvector chosen for clustering."+    | n < 1 = error "N < 1, cannot go before first eigenvector."+    | otherwise = secondLeft n e lNorm+  where+    lNorm    = i + (S.transpose invRootD * (mat * invRootD))+    invRootD = S.diagRow 0+             . S._map (\x -> if x == 0 then x else x ** (- 1 / 2))+             . getDegreeVector+             $ mat+    i        = S.ident . S.rows $ mat++-- | Second largest eigenvector. Unused, untested, don't use.+secondLargest :: S.SparseMatrixXd -> IO S.SparseMatrixXd+secondLargest a = do+    (first, firstVal) <- powerIt a++    let firstScale = S.scale firstVal (first * S.transpose first)+        b          = a - firstScale++    fmap fst $ powerIt b++-- | Rayleigh quotient. Takes a matrix and an eigenvector to find the+-- corresponding eigenvalue. Unused, untested, don't use.+rayQuot :: S.SparseMatrixXd -> S.SparseMatrixXd -> Double+rayQuot a x = ((S.transpose (a * x) * x) S.! (0, 0))+            / ((S.transpose x * x) S.! (0, 0))++-- | Power iteration. Unused, untested, don't use.+powerIt :: S.SparseMatrixXd -> IO (S.SparseMatrixXd, Double)+powerIt a = do+    g     <- createSystemRandom+    start <-+        fmap (S.fromDenseList . fmap (: [])) . replicateM (S.rows a) . uniform $ g+    let go+            :: Int+            -> Double+            -> S.SparseMatrixXd -- Eigenvector guess.+            -> Double -- Eigenvalue guess.+            -> (S.SparseMatrixXd, Double)+        go !i !e !b !lambda =+            if (abs (lambda' - lambda) < e) || (i < 0)+                then (b', lambda')+                else go (i - 1) e b' lambda'+          where+            absMat :: S.SparseMatrixXd -> S.SparseMatrixXd+            absMat = S._map abs+            b' :: S.SparseMatrixXd+            b' = S.scale (1 / maxElement ab) ab+            ab :: S.SparseMatrixXd+            ab = a * b+            maxElement = maximum . fmap (\(_, _, !x) -> abs x) . S.toList+            lambda' = S.norm ab / S.norm b+    return $ go 1000 0.000001 start (1 / 0)++-- | Executes kmeans to cluster a one dimensional vector.+kmeansVec :: Int -> S.SparseMatrixXd -> LabelVector+kmeansVec k = S.fromDenseList+            . fmap ((:[]) . fromIntegral)+            . U.toList+            . K.membership+            . (\x -> K.kmeansBy k x id K.defaultKMeansOpts)+            . V.fromList+            . fmap U.fromList+            . concatMap S.toDenseList+            . S.getRows+            . S.fromCols+            . fmap normNormalize+            . S.getCols++-- | Normalize by the norm of a vector.+normNormalize :: S.SparseMatrixXd -> S.SparseMatrixXd+normNormalize xs = S._map (/ norm) xs+  where+    norm = S.norm xs++-- | Obtain the second largest value singular vector (or Nth) and E on of a+-- sparse matrix.+secondLeft :: Int -> Int -> S.SparseMatrixXd -> S.SparseMatrixXd+secondLeft n e m = S.transpose+               . S.fromDenseList+               . fmap H.toList+               . drop (n - 1)+               . H.toRows+               . (\(!x, _, _) -> x)+               . SVD.sparseSvd (e + (n - 1))+               . H.mkCSR+               . fmap (\(!i, !j, !x) -> ((i, j), x))+               . S.toList+               $ m++-- | Obtain the second largest value singular vector of a sparse matrix.+denseSecondLeft :: S.SparseMatrixXd -> S.SparseMatrixXd+denseSecondLeft m = S.fromDenseList+                  . fmap (:[])+                  . H.toList+                  . (!! 2)+                  . H.toColumns+                  . (\(!x, _, _) -> x)+                  . H.svd+                  . H.assoc (S.rows m, S.cols m) 0+                  . fmap (\(!i, !j, !x) -> ((i, j), x))+                  . S.toList+                  $ m++-- | Obtain the degree matrix. Faster for columns.+getDegreeMatrix :: AdjacencyMatrix -> S.SparseMatrixXd+getDegreeMatrix = S.diagRow 0 . getDegreeVector++-- | Obtain the degree vector. Faster for columns.+getDegreeVector :: AdjacencyMatrix -> S.SparseMatrixXd+getDegreeVector = S.getColSums
+ src/Math/Clustering/Spectral/Eigen/FeatureMatrix.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@+{- Math.Clustering.Spectral.Eigen.FeatureMatrix+Gregory W. Schwartz++Collects the functions pertaining to sparse spectral clustering.+-}++{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}++module Math.Clustering.Spectral.Eigen.FeatureMatrix+    ( B (..)+    , B1 (..)+    , B2 (..)+    , spectral+    , spectralCluster+    , spectralClusterK+    , getB+    , b1ToB2+    , getSimilarityFromB2+    ) where++-- Remote+import Data.Bool (bool)+import Data.Function (on)+import Data.List (sortBy)+import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe)+import qualified AI.Clustering.KMeans as K+import qualified Data.Eigen.SparseMatrix as S+import qualified Data.Vector as V+import qualified Data.Vector.Storable as VS+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as U+import qualified Numeric.LinearAlgebra as H+import qualified Numeric.LinearAlgebra.Devel as H+import qualified Numeric.LinearAlgebra.SVD.SVDLIBC as SVD+import Debug.Trace++-- Local++type LabelVector = S.SparseMatrixXd+newtype B1 = B1 { unB1 :: S.SparseMatrixXd } deriving (Show)+newtype B2 = B2 { unB2 :: S.SparseMatrixXd } deriving (Show)+newtype D  = D { unD :: S.SparseMatrixXd } deriving (Show)+newtype C  = C { unC :: S.SparseMatrixXd } deriving (Show)+newtype B  = B { unB :: S.SparseMatrixXd } deriving (Show)++-- | Normalize the input matrix by column. Here, columns are features.+b1ToB2 :: B1 -> B2+b1ToB2 (B1 b1) =+    B2+        . S._imap (\ i j x+                 -> (log (fromIntegral n / (fromMaybe 0 $ dVec VS.!? j))) * x+                  )+        $ b1+  where+    dVec :: VS.Vector Double+    dVec = maybe (error "Cannot get number of non-zeros.") (VS.map fromIntegral)+         . S.innerNNZs+         . S.uncompress+         $ b1+    n = S.rows b1++-- | Euclidean norm each row.+b2ToB :: B2 -> B+b2ToB (B2 b2) =+    B+        . S._imap (\ i j x+                  -> x / (fromMaybe (error "Norm is 0.") $ eVec VS.!? i)+                  )+        $ b2+  where+    eVec :: VS.Vector Double+    eVec = VS.fromList . fmap S.norm . S.getRows $ b2++-- | Get the diagonal transformed B matrix.+bToD :: B -> D+bToD (B b) = D . S.diagCol 0 $ b * ((S.transpose b) * S.ones n)+  where+    n = S.rows b++-- | Get the matrix C as input for SVD.+bdToC :: B -> D -> C+bdToC (B b) (D d) = C $ (S._map (\x -> x ** (- 1 / 2)) d) * b++-- | Obtain the second largest value singular vector (or Nth) and E on of a+-- sparse matrix.+secondLeft :: Int -> Int -> S.SparseMatrixXd -> S.SparseMatrixXd+secondLeft n e m = S.transpose+                 . S.fromDenseList+                 . fmap H.toList+                 . drop (n - 1)+                 . H.toRows+                 . (\(!x, _, _) -> x)+                 . SVD.sparseSvd (e + (n - 1))+                 . H.mkCSR+                 . fmap (\(!i, !j, !x) -> ((i, j), x))+                 . S.toList+                 $ m++-- | Get the normalized matrix B from an input matrix where the features are+-- columns and rows are observations. Optionally, do not normalize.+getB :: Bool -> S.SparseMatrixXd -> B+getB True = b2ToB . b1ToB2 . B1+getB False = b2ToB . B2++-- | Returns the second left singular vector (or Nth) of a sparse spectral+-- process. Assumes the columns are features and rows are observations. B is the+-- normalized matrix (from getB). See Shu et al., "Efficient Spectral+-- Neighborhood Blocking for Entity Resolution", 2011.+spectral :: Int -> Int -> B -> S.SparseMatrixXd+spectral n e b = secondLeft n e . unC . bdToC b . bToD $ b++-- | Returns a vector of cluster labels for two groups by finding the second+-- left singular vector of a special normalized matrix. Assumes the columns are+-- features and rows are observations. B is the normalized matrix (from getB).+-- See Shu et al., "Efficient Spectral Neighborhood Blocking for Entity+-- Resolution", 2011.+spectralCluster :: B -> LabelVector+spectralCluster (B b)+  | S.rows b < 1  = S.fromDenseList [[]]+  | S.rows b == 1 = S.fromDenseList [[0]]+  | otherwise     = S.fromDenseList+                  . (fmap . fmap) (bool 0 1 . (>= 0))+                  . S.toDenseList+                  . spectral 2 1+                  $ B b++-- | Returns a vector of cluster labels for two groups by finding the largest+-- singular vectors and on of a special normalized matrix and running kmeans.+-- Assumes the columns are features and rows are observations. B is the+-- normalized matrix (from getB). See Shu et al., "Efficient Spectral+-- Neighborhood Blocking for Entity Resolution", 2011.+spectralClusterK :: Int -> Int -> B -> LabelVector+spectralClusterK e k (B b)+  | S.rows b < 1  = S.fromDenseList [[]]+  | S.rows b == 1 = S.fromDenseList [[0]]+  | otherwise     = S.fromDenseList+                  . fmap ((:[]) . fromIntegral)+                  . U.toList+                  . K.membership+                  . (\x -> K.kmeansBy k x id K.defaultKMeansOpts)+                  . V.fromList+                  . fmap U.fromList+                  . concatMap S.toDenseList+                  . S.getRows+                  . S.fromCols+                  . fmap normNormalize+                  . S.getCols+                  . spectral 1 e+                  $ B b++-- | Normalize by the norm of a vector.+normNormalize :: S.SparseMatrixXd -> S.SparseMatrixXd+normNormalize xs = S._map (/ norm) xs+  where+    norm = S.norm xs++-- | Get the cosine similarity between two rows using B2.+getSimilarityFromB2 :: B2 -> Int -> Int -> Double+getSimilarityFromB2 (B2 b2) i j =+    (((S.getRow i b2) * (S.transpose $ S.getRow j b2)) S.! (0, 0))+        / (S.norm (S.getRow i b2) * S.norm (S.getRow j b2))
+ src/Math/Clustering/Spectral/Sparse.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@+{- Math.Clustering.Spectral.Sparse+Gregory W. Schwartz++Collects the functions pertaining to sparse spectral clustering.+-}++{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}++module Math.Clustering.Spectral.Sparse+    ( B (..)+    , B1 (..)+    , B2 (..)+    , AdjacencyMatrix (..)+    , spectral+    , spectralCluster+    , spectralClusterK+    , spectralNorm+    , spectralClusterNorm+    , spectralClusterKNorm+    , getB+    , b1ToB2+    , getSimilarityFromB2+    ) where++-- Remote+import Data.Bool (bool)+import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe)+import Data.Function (on)+import Data.List (sortBy, foldl1')+import Safe (headMay)+import qualified AI.Clustering.KMeans as K+import qualified Data.Sparse.Common as S+import qualified Data.Vector as V+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as U+import qualified Numeric.LinearAlgebra as H+import qualified Numeric.LinearAlgebra.Devel as H+import qualified Numeric.LinearAlgebra.SVD.SVDLIBC as SVD+import Debug.Trace++-- Local++type LabelVector = S.SpVector Double+type AdjacencyMatrix = S.SpMatrix Double+newtype B1 = B1 { unB1 :: S.SpMatrix Double } deriving (Show)+newtype B2 = B2 { unB2 :: S.SpMatrix Double } deriving (Show)+newtype D  = D { unD :: S.SpMatrix Double } deriving (Show)+newtype C  = C { unC :: S.SpMatrix Double } deriving (Show)+newtype B  = B { unB :: S.SpMatrix Double } deriving (Show)++-- | Normalize the input matrix by column. Here, columns are features.+b1ToB2 :: B1 -> B2+b1ToB2 (B1 b1) =+    B2+        . S.fromListSM (n, m)+        . fmap (\ (!i, !j, !x)+               -> (i, j, (log (fromIntegral n / (S.lookupDenseSV j dVec))) * x)+               )+        . S.toListSM+        $ b1+  where+    dVec :: S.SpVector Double+    dVec = S.vr+         . fmap (sum . fmap (\x -> if x > 0 then 1 else 0))+         . S.toRowsL -- faster than toColsL.+         . S.transposeSM+         $ b1+    n = S.nrows b1+    m = S.ncols b1++-- | Euclidean norm each row.+b2ToB :: B2 -> B+b2ToB (B2 b2) =+    B+        . S.fromListSM (n, m)+        . fmap (\(!i, !j, !x) -> (i, j, x / (S.lookupDenseSV i eVec)))+        . S.toListSM+        $ b2+  where+    eVec :: S.SpVector Double+    eVec = S.vr . fmap S.norm2 . S.toRowsL $ b2+    n = S.nrows b2+    m = S.ncols b2++-- | Find the Euclidean norm of a vector.+norm2 :: S.SpVector Double -> Double+norm2 = sqrt . sum . fmap (** 2)++-- | Get the diagonal transformed B matrix.+bToD :: B -> D+bToD (B b) = D+           . S.diagonalSM+           . flip S.extractCol 0+           $ b+       S.#~# ((S.transposeSM b) S.#~# (S.fromColsL [S.onesSV n]))+  where+    n = S.nrows b++-- | Get the matrix C as input for SVD.+bdToC :: B -> D -> C+bdToC (B b) (D d) = C $ (fmap (\x -> x ** (- 1 / 2)) d) S.#~# b++-- | Obtain the second left singular vector (or N earlier) and E on of a sparse+-- matrix.+secondLeft :: Int -> Int -> S.SpMatrix Double -> [S.SpVector Double]+secondLeft n e m =+  fmap (S.sparsifySV . S.fromListDenseSV e . drop (n - 1) . H.toList)+    . H.toColumns+    . (\(!x, _, _) -> x)+    . SVD.sparseSvd (e + (n - 1))+    . H.mkCSR+    . fmap (\(!i, !j, !x) -> ((i, j), x))+    . S.toListSM+    $ m++-- | Get the normalized matrix B from an input matrix where the features are+-- columns and rows are observations. Optionally, do not normalize.+getB :: Bool -> S.SpMatrix Double -> B+getB True = b2ToB . b1ToB2 . B1+getB False = b2ToB . B2++-- | Returns the second left singular vector (or from N) and E on of a sparse+-- spectral process. Assumes the columns are features and rows are observations.+-- B is the normalized matrix (from getB). See Shu et al., "Efficient Spectral+-- Neighborhood Blocking for Entity Resolution", 2011.+spectral :: Int -> Int -> B -> [S.SpVector Double]+spectral n e b+    | e < 1     = error "Less than 1 eigenvector chosen for clustering."+    | n < 1 = error "N < 1, cannot go before first eigenvector."+    | otherwise = secondLeft n e . unC . bdToC b . bToD $ b++-- | Returns a vector of cluster labels for two groups by finding the second+-- left singular vector of a special normalized matrix. Assumes the columns are+-- features and rows are observations. B is the normalized matrix (from getB).+-- See Shu et al., "Efficient Spectral Neighborhood Blocking for Entity+-- Resolution", 2011.+spectralCluster :: B -> LabelVector+spectralCluster (B b)+  | S.nrows b < 1  = S.zeroSV 0+  | S.nrows b == 1 = S.zeroSV 1+  | otherwise      = S.sparsifySV+                   . S.vr+                   . fmap (bool 0 1 . (>= 0))+                   . S.toDenseListSV+                   . foldl1' S.concatSV+                   . spectral 2 1+                   $ B b++-- | Returns a vector of cluster labels for two groups by finding the second+-- left singular vector and on of a special normalized matrix and running kmeans.+-- Assumes the columns are features and rows are observations. B is the+-- normalized matrix (from getB). See Shu et al., "Efficient Spectral+-- Neighborhood Blocking for Entity Resolution", 2011.+spectralClusterK :: Int -> Int -> B -> LabelVector+spectralClusterK e k (B b)+  | S.nrows b < 1  = S.zeroSV 0+  | S.nrows b == 1 = S.zeroSV 1+  | otherwise      = kmeansVec k . spectral 1 e $ B b++-- | Executes kmeans to cluster a vector.+kmeansVec :: Int -> [S.SpVector Double] -> LabelVector+kmeansVec k = S.sparsifySV+            . S.vr+            . fmap fromIntegral+            . U.toList+            . K.membership+            . (\x -> K.kmeansBy k x id K.defaultKMeansOpts)+            . V.fromList+            . fmap (U.fromList . S.toDenseListSV)+            . S.toRowsL+            . S.fromColsL+            . fmap S.normalize2+            . S.toColsL+            . S.transpose+            . S.fromColsL++-- | Get the cosine similarity between two rows using B2.+getSimilarityFromB2 :: B2 -> Int -> Int -> Double+getSimilarityFromB2 (B2 b2) i j =+    S.dot (S.extractRow b2 i) (S.extractRow b2 j)+        / (S.norm2 (S.extractRow b2 i) * S.norm2 (S.extractRow b2 j))++-- | Returns the eigenvector with the second smallest eigenvalue (or N start)+-- and E on of the symmetric normalized Laplacian L. Computes real symmetric+-- part of L, so ensure the input is real and symmetric. Diagonal should be 0s+-- for adjacency matrix. Uses I + Lnorm instead of I - Lnorm to find second+-- largest singular value instead of second smallest for Lnorm.+spectralNorm :: Int -> Int -> AdjacencyMatrix -> [S.SpVector Double]+spectralNorm n e mat = secondLeft n e lNorm+  where+    lNorm    = i S.^+^ (S.transpose invRootD S.#~# (mat S.#~# invRootD))+    invRootD = S.diagonalSM+             . S.vr+             . fmap ((\x -> if x == 0 then x else x ** (- 1 / 2)) . sum)+             . S.toRowsL+             $ mat+    i        = S.eye . S.nrows $ mat++-- | Returns the eigenvector with the second smallest eigenvalue and on of the+-- symmetric normalized Laplacian L. Computes real symmetric part of L, so+-- ensure the input is real and symmetric. Diagonal should be 0s for adjacency+-- matrix. Clusters the eigenvector using kmeans into k groups.+spectralClusterKNorm :: Int -> Int -> AdjacencyMatrix -> LabelVector+spectralClusterKNorm e k = kmeansVec k . spectralNorm 1 e++-- | Returns the eigenvector with the second smallest eigenvalue of the+-- symmetric normalized Laplacian L. Computes real symmetric part of L, so+-- ensure the input is real and symmetric. Diagonal should be 0s for adjacency+-- matrix. Clusters the eigenvector by sign.+spectralClusterNorm :: AdjacencyMatrix -> LabelVector+spectralClusterNorm = S.sparsifySV+                    . S.vr+                    . fmap (bool 0 1 . (>= 0))+                    . S.toDenseListSV+                    . foldl1' S.concatSV+                    . spectralNorm 2 1