diff --git a/CHANGELOG b/CHANGELOG
--- a/CHANGELOG
+++ b/CHANGELOG
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+0.2.3.0
+- More efficient Applicative for Fold2
+
 0.2.0.0
 
 - Added folds of two Producers.
diff --git a/pipes-transduce.cabal b/pipes-transduce.cabal
--- a/pipes-transduce.cabal
+++ b/pipes-transduce.cabal
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Name: pipes-transduce
-Version: 0.2.0.0
+Version: 0.2.3.0
 Cabal-Version: >=1.8.0.2
 Build-Type: Simple
 License: BSD3
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
         comonad       == 4.*               ,
         free          == 4.*               ,         
         pipes         == 4.*               ,
-        pipes-concurrency >= 2.0.2 && < 3  ,
+        pipes-concurrency   >= 2.0.2 && < 3  ,
         pipes-group >= 1.0.1               ,
         pipes-parse                        ,
         pipes-safe                         ,
@@ -44,12 +44,12 @@
         monoid-subclasses == 0.4.*         ,
         void          >= 0.6      && < 1.0 ,
         conceit       >= 0.3.2.0  && < 0.4.0.0,
+        kan-extensions >= 4.2,
         lens-family-core >= 1.1 && < 2
     Exposed-Modules:
         Pipes.Transduce
         Pipes.Transduce.ByteString
         Pipes.Transduce.Text
-        Pipes.Transduce.Internal
     GHC-Options: -O2 -Wall
 
 test-suite doctests
diff --git a/src/Pipes/Transduce.hs b/src/Pipes/Transduce.hs
--- a/src/Pipes/Transduce.hs
+++ b/src/Pipes/Transduce.hs
@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
-﻿module Pipes.Transduce (
+﻿{-# LANGUAGE DeriveFunctor #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ExistentialQuantification #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ViewPatterns #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE EmptyDataDecls #-}
+
+module Pipes.Transduce (
         -- * Producer folds
         Fold1
-    ,   foldFallibly1
-    ,   Pipes.Transduce.Internal.fold1
-        -- * Multiple Producer folds
-    ,   Fold2
-    ,   foldFallibly2
-    ,   fold2
-    ,   separated
-    ,   combined
-        -- * Building folds
-        -- ** From foldl folds
+    ,   fold1
+    ,   fold1Fallibly
+        -- ** Building producer folds
+        -- *** From foldl folds
         -- $foldl
     ,   withFold 
     ,   withFoldIO 
     ,   withFallibleFold
-        -- ** From consumers
+        -- *** From consumers
         -- $consumers
     ,   withConsumer 
     ,   withConsumer' 
@@ -23,43 +26,51 @@
     ,   withConsumerM' 
     ,   withSafeConsumer 
     ,   withFallibleConsumer 
-        -- ** From parsers
+        -- *** From parsers
         -- $parsers
     ,   withParser 
     ,   withParserM 
-        -- ** From continuations
+        -- *** From continuations
         -- $continuations
     ,   withCont 
     ,   withCont' 
     ,   withFallibleCont 
     ,   withFallibleCont'  
-        -- * Transducers
+        -- * Fold transducers
     ,   Transducer
     ,   Delimited
     ,   Continuous
     ,   transduce1
-        -- * Building transducers
+        -- ** Building fold transducers
     ,   mapper 
     ,   fallibleMapper 
     ,   mapperFoldable 
     ,   mapperEnumerable 
     ,   transducer
     ,   fallibleTransducer
-        -- * Transducer group operations
+        -- ** Transducer group operations
     ,   delimit
     ,   groups
     ,   folds
     ,   concats
     ,   intercalates
+        -- * Multiple producer folds
+    ,   Fold2
+    ,   fold2
+    ,   fold2Fallibly
+        -- ** Building multiple producer folds
+    ,   liftFirst
+    ,   liftSecond
+    ,   separated
+    ,   combined
         -- * Utilities
     ,   trip
     ,   tripx
     ) where
 
-import Pipes.Transduce.Internal 
 
 import Data.Bifunctor
-import Data.Monoid
+import Data.Monoid hiding (First)
 import Data.Void
 import Data.Foldable
 import Control.Applicative
@@ -68,12 +79,20 @@
 import Control.Monad.Trans.Except
 import Control.Monad.Trans.Free hiding (Pure)
 import qualified Control.Foldl as Foldl
+import Control.Concurrent (newMVar,withMVar)
+import Control.Concurrent.Conceit
 import Control.Exception
 import Pipes 
 import Pipes.Lift (distribute) 
---import Pipes.Prelude
+import Pipes.Prelude (drain)
 import qualified Pipes.Prelude as Pipes
+import qualified Pipes.Group as Pipes
+import qualified Pipes.Parse
+import Pipes.Concurrent
+import Pipes.Safe (SafeT, runSafeT)
+import Lens.Family (folding)
 
+
 {- $setup
 >>> :set -XOverloadedStrings
 >>> import qualified Data.Text as T 
@@ -91,10 +110,10 @@
     Fail if the 'Producer' produces anything at all. The error value is what came
     out of the 'Producer'.
 
->>> PT.foldFallibly1 trip (mapM_ yield ['z']) 
+>>> fold1Fallibly trip (mapM_ yield ['z']) 
 Left 'z'
 
->>> PT.foldFallibly1 trip (mapM_ yield []) 
+>>> fold1Fallibly trip (mapM_ yield []) 
 Right ((),())
 -}
 trip :: Fold1 b b ()
@@ -111,7 +130,7 @@
     This 'Transducer may throw 'AssertionFailed'.
     __/BEWARE!/__ 
 
->>> PT.foldFallibly1 tripx (mapM_ yield ['z']) 
+>>> fold1Fallibly tripx (mapM_ yield ['z']) 
 *** Exception: tripx
 -}
 tripx :: Fold1 b e ()
@@ -143,3 +162,494 @@
     The most general way of constructing 'Fold1' values is from an arbitrary
     function that consumes a 'Producer'.
 -}
+
+{-| 
+    A computation in 'IO' that completely drains a 'Producer' of @b@ values,
+    returning a value of type @a@, except when it fails early with an error of
+    type @e@.
+-}
+newtype Fold1 b e a = Fold1 { runFold1 :: Lift (Fold1_ b e) a } deriving (Functor)
+
+data Fold1_ b e a = 
+         TrueFold (Foldl.FoldM (ExceptT e IO) b a)
+       | ExhaustiveCont (forall r. Producer b IO r -> IO (Either e (a,r)))
+       | NonexhaustiveCont (Producer b IO () -> IO (Either e a))
+       deriving (Functor)
+
+{-| 
+    'pure' creates a 'Fold1' that does nothing besides draining the
+    'Producer'. 
+
+    '<*>' feeds both folds with the data of the same 'Producer'. If any of
+    them fails the combination fails.
+-}
+instance Applicative (Fold1 b e) where
+    pure a = Fold1 (pure a)
+    Fold1 fa <*> Fold1 a = Fold1 (fa <*> a)
+
+instance Applicative (Fold1_ b e) where
+    pure a = ExhaustiveCont (\producer -> do
+        r <- runEffect (producer >-> Pipes.drain)
+        pure (Right (a,r)))
+
+    TrueFold f1 <*> TrueFold f2 = TrueFold (f1 <*> f2)
+    s1 <*> s2 = bifurcate (nonexhaustiveCont s1) (nonexhaustiveCont s2)  
+        where 
+        bifurcate fs as = ExhaustiveCont (\producer -> do
+            (outbox1,inbox1,seal1) <- spawn' (bounded 1)
+            (outbox2,inbox2,seal2) <- spawn' (bounded 1)
+            runConceit $
+                (\f x r -> (f x,r))
+                <$>
+                Conceit (fs (fromInput inbox1) `finally` atomically seal1)
+                <*>
+                Conceit (as (fromInput inbox2) `finally` atomically seal2)
+                <*>
+                (_Conceit $
+                    (runEffect (producer >-> Pipes.tee (toOutput outbox1 *> Pipes.drain) 
+                                         >->           (toOutput outbox2 *> Pipes.drain)))
+                    `finally` atomically seal1 
+                    `finally` atomically seal2))
+
+instance Bifunctor (Fold1_ b) where
+  bimap f g s = case s of
+      TrueFold (Foldl.FoldM step start done) -> TrueFold (Foldl.FoldM 
+          (\previous input -> withExceptT f (step previous input))
+          (withExceptT f start)
+          (\final -> withExceptT f (fmap g (done final))))
+      ExhaustiveCont u -> ExhaustiveCont (fmap (liftM  (bimap f (bimap g id))) u)
+      NonexhaustiveCont h -> NonexhaustiveCont (fmap (liftM  (bimap f g)) h)
+
+{-| 
+    'first' is useful to massage errors.
+-}
+instance Bifunctor (Fold1 b) where
+  bimap f g (Fold1 s) = Fold1 (case s of
+      Pure a -> Pure (g a)
+      Other o -> Other (bimap f g o))
+
+instance (Monoid a) => Monoid (Fold1 b e a) where
+   mempty = pure mempty
+   mappend s1 s2 = (<>) <$> s1 <*> s2
+
+nonexhaustiveCont :: Fold1_ b e a -> Producer b IO () -> IO (Either e a)
+nonexhaustiveCont (TrueFold e) = \producer -> runExceptT (Foldl.impurely Pipes.foldM e (hoist lift producer))
+nonexhaustiveCont (ExhaustiveCont e) = \producer -> liftM (fmap fst) (e producer)
+nonexhaustiveCont (NonexhaustiveCont u) = u
+
+exhaustiveCont :: Fold1_ b e a -> Producer b IO r -> IO (Either e (a,r))
+exhaustiveCont s = case s of 
+    TrueFold e -> \producer -> 
+        runExceptT (Foldl.impurely Pipes.foldM' e (hoist lift producer))
+    ExhaustiveCont e -> e
+    NonexhaustiveCont activity -> \producer -> do 
+        (outbox,inbox,seal) <- spawn' (bounded 1)
+        runConceit $ 
+            (,) 
+            <$>
+            Conceit (activity (fromInput inbox) `finally` atomically seal)
+            <*>
+            (_Conceit $
+                (runEffect (producer >-> (toOutput outbox *> Pipes.drain)) 
+                `finally` atomically seal))
+
+
+withFallibleCont 
+    :: (Producer b IO () -> IO (Either e a)) -- ^
+    -> Fold1 b e a 
+withFallibleCont f = Fold1 (Other (NonexhaustiveCont f))
+
+withFallibleCont'  
+    :: (forall r. Producer b IO r -> IO (Either e (a,r))) -- ^
+    -> Fold1 b e a 
+withFallibleCont' f = Fold1 (Other (ExhaustiveCont f))
+
+withCont 
+    :: (Producer b IO () -> IO a) -- ^
+    -> Fold1 b e a -- ^
+withCont aFold = withFallibleCont $ fmap (fmap pure) $ aFold
+
+withCont' 
+    :: (forall r. Producer b IO r -> IO (a,r)) -- ^
+    -> Fold1 b e a -- ^
+withCont' aFold = withFallibleCont' $ fmap (fmap pure) aFold
+
+withFold :: Foldl.Fold b a -> Fold1 b e a 
+withFold aFold = Fold1 (Other (TrueFold (Foldl.generalize aFold)))
+
+withFoldIO :: Foldl.FoldM IO b a -> Fold1 b e a 
+withFoldIO aFold = Fold1 (Other (TrueFold (hoistFold lift aFold)))
+
+hoistFold :: Monad m => (forall a. m a -> n a) -> Foldl.FoldM m i r -> Foldl.FoldM n i r 
+hoistFold g (Foldl.FoldM step begin done) = Foldl.FoldM (\s i -> g (step s i)) (g begin) (g . done)
+
+withFallibleFold :: Foldl.FoldM (ExceptT e IO) b a -> Fold1 b e a 
+withFallibleFold aFold = Fold1 (Other (TrueFold aFold))
+
+--withFoldM 
+--    :: MonadIO m 
+--    => (forall r. m (a,r) -> IO (Either e (c,r))) 
+--    -> Foldl.FoldM m b a 
+--    -> Fold1 b e c 
+--withFoldM whittle aFoldM = withFallibleCont' $ \producer -> 
+--    whittle $ Foldl.impurely Pipes.Prelude.foldM' aFoldM (hoist liftIO producer)
+
+withConsumer :: Consumer b IO () -> Fold1 b e ()
+withConsumer consumer = withCont $ \producer -> runEffect $ producer >-> consumer 
+
+{-| Builds a 'Fold1' out of a 'Consumer' that never stops by itself.
+
+-}
+withConsumer' :: Consumer b IO Void -> Fold1 b e ()
+withConsumer' consumer = withCont' $ \producer -> fmap ((,) ()) $ runEffect $ producer >-> fmap absurd consumer 
+
+withConsumerM :: MonadIO m 
+              => (m () -> IO (Either e a))  -- ^
+              -> Consumer b m () 
+              -> Fold1 b e a
+withConsumerM whittle consumer = withFallibleCont $ \producer -> whittle $ runEffect $ (hoist liftIO producer) >-> consumer 
+
+withConsumerM' :: MonadIO m 
+               => (forall r. m r -> IO (Either e (a,r))) -- ^
+               -> Consumer b m Void
+               -> Fold1 b e a
+withConsumerM' whittle consumer = withFallibleCont' $ \producer -> whittle $ runEffect $ (hoist liftIO producer) >-> fmap absurd consumer 
+
+withSafeConsumer 
+    :: Consumer b (SafeT IO) Void -- ^
+    -> Fold1 b e ()
+withSafeConsumer = withConsumerM' (fmap (\r -> Right ((),r)) . runSafeT)
+
+withFallibleConsumer 
+    :: Consumer b (ExceptT e IO) Void -- ^
+    -> Fold1 b e ()
+withFallibleConsumer = withConsumerM' (fmap (fmap (\r -> ((), r))) . runExceptT)
+
+
+withParser 
+    :: Pipes.Parse.Parser b IO (Either e a) -- ^
+    -> Fold1 b e a 
+withParser parser = withFallibleCont' $ \producer -> drainage $ Pipes.Parse.runStateT parser producer
+  where
+    drainage m = do 
+        (a,leftovers) <- m
+        r <- runEffect (leftovers >-> Pipes.Prelude.drain)
+        case a of
+            Left e -> return (Left e)
+            Right a' -> return (Right (a',r)) 
+
+withParserM :: MonadIO m 
+            => (forall r. m (a,r) -> IO (Either e (c,r))) -- ^
+            -> Pipes.Parse.Parser b m a -> Fold1 b e c 
+withParserM f parser = withFallibleCont' $ \producer -> f $ drainage $ (Pipes.Parse.runStateT parser) (hoist liftIO producer)
+  where
+    drainage m = do 
+        (a,leftovers) <- m
+        r <- runEffect (leftovers >-> Pipes.Prelude.drain)
+        return (a,r)
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+{-| 
+    Run a 'Fold1'.
+-}
+fold1Fallibly :: Fold1 b e a -> Producer b IO r -> IO (Either e (a,r))
+fold1Fallibly (Fold1 (unLift -> s)) = exhaustiveCont s
+
+{-| 
+    Run a 'Fold1' that never returns an error value (but which may still throw exceptions!)
+-}
+fold1 :: Fold1 b Void a -> Producer b IO r -> IO (a,r)
+fold1 (Fold1 (unLift -> s)) = liftM (either absurd id) . exhaustiveCont s
+
+{-| A transformation that takes the inputs of a 'Fold1' from type @a@ to type @b@.		
+
+    Optionally, the transformation may delimit groups of elements in the
+    stream. In that case the phantom type @x@ will be 'Delimited'. Otherwise, it will be
+    'Continuous'.
+-}
+data Transducer x b e a = 
+      M (b -> a)
+    | F (b -> [a])
+    | P (forall r. Producer b IO r -> Producer a IO r)
+    | PE (forall r. Producer b IO r -> Producer a IO (Either e r))
+    | S (forall r. Producer b IO r -> FreeT (Producer a IO) IO r)
+    | SE (forall r. Producer b IO r -> FreeT (Producer a IO) IO (Either e r))
+
+instance Functor (Transducer x b e) where
+  fmap = second
+
+instance Bifunctor (Transducer x b) where
+  bimap f g s = case s of
+      M x -> M (g . x)
+      F x -> F (fmap g . x)
+      P x -> P (\producer -> for (x producer) (Pipes.yield . g))
+      PE x -> PE (\producer -> liftM (first f) (for (x producer) (Pipes.yield . g)))
+      S x -> S (\producer -> transFreeT (\p -> for p (Pipes.yield . g)) (x producer))
+      SE x -> SE (\producer -> liftM (first f) (transFreeT (\p -> (for p (Pipes.yield . g))) (x producer)))
+
+mapper 
+    :: (a -> b) -- ^
+    -> Transducer Continuous a e b
+mapper = M
+
+fallibleMapper 
+    :: (a -> Either e b) -- ^
+    -> Transducer Continuous a e b  -- ^
+fallibleMapper fallible = PE (\producer -> (runExceptT . distribute) (for (hoist lift producer) (\a -> do
+    case fallible a of
+        Left e -> lift (throwE e)
+        Right b -> Pipes.yield b)))
+
+mapperFoldable 
+    :: Foldable f 
+    => (a -> f b) -- ^
+    -> Transducer Continuous a e b -- ^
+mapperFoldable f = F (Data.Foldable.toList . f)
+
+mapperEnumerable 
+    :: Enumerable f 
+    => (a -> f IO b) -- ^
+    -> Transducer Continuous a e b  -- ^
+mapperEnumerable enumerable = P (\producer -> for producer (enumerate . toListT . enumerable))
+
+transducer 
+    :: (forall r. Producer b IO r -> Producer a IO r)  -- ^
+    -> Transducer Continuous b e a -- ^
+transducer = P
+
+fallibleTransducer 
+    :: (forall r. Producer b IO r -> Producer a IO (Either e r))  -- ^
+    -> Transducer Continuous b e a  -- ^
+fallibleTransducer = PE
+
+{-| Plug splitting functions from @pipes-group@ here.		
+
+-}
+delimit 
+    :: (forall r. Producer a IO r -> FreeT (Producer a' IO) IO r) -- ^
+    -> Transducer Continuous b e a -- ^
+    -> Transducer Delimited b e a' -- ^
+delimit f t = case t of
+    M func -> S (\producer -> f (producer >-> Pipes.map func))
+    F func -> S (\producer -> f (producer >-> Pipes.mapFoldable func))
+    P g -> S (f . g)
+    PE g -> SE (f . g)
+    S g -> S (f . Pipes.concats . g)
+    SE g -> SE (f . Pipes.concats . g)
+
+{-| Apply a 'Transducer' to a 'Fold1'.		
+
+-}
+transduce1 :: Transducer Continuous b e a -> Fold1 a e r -> Fold1 b e r
+transduce1 (M _) (Fold1 (Pure x)) = 
+    Fold1 (Pure x)
+transduce1 (M f) (Fold1 (Other s)) = (Fold1 (Other (case s of
+    TrueFold x -> TrueFold (Foldl.premapM f x)
+    ExhaustiveCont x -> ExhaustiveCont (\producer -> x (producer >-> Pipes.map f))
+    NonexhaustiveCont x -> NonexhaustiveCont (\producer -> x (producer >-> Pipes.map f)))))
+transduce1 (F _) (Fold1 (Pure x)) = 
+    Fold1 (Pure x)
+transduce1 (F f) (Fold1 (Other s)) = (Fold1 (Other (case s of
+    TrueFold x -> TrueFold (Foldl.handlesM (folding f) x)
+    ExhaustiveCont x -> ExhaustiveCont (\producer -> x (producer >-> Pipes.mapFoldable f))
+    NonexhaustiveCont x -> NonexhaustiveCont (\producer -> x (producer >-> Pipes.mapFoldable f)))))
+transduce1 (P f) (Fold1 (unLift -> s)) = case s of
+    NonexhaustiveCont x -> Fold1 (Other (NonexhaustiveCont (x . f)))
+    _ -> Fold1 (Other (ExhaustiveCont (exhaustiveCont s . f)))
+transduce1 (PE f) (Fold1 (exhaustiveCont . unLift -> s)) = do
+    Fold1 (Other (ExhaustiveCont (\producer -> do
+        (outbox,inbox,seal) <- spawn' (bounded 1)
+        runConceit $ 
+            (\(r,()) r' -> (r,r'))
+            <$>
+            Conceit (s (fromInput inbox) `finally` atomically seal)
+            <*>
+            (Conceit $
+                (runEffect (f producer >-> (toOutput outbox *> Pipes.drain)) 
+                `finally` atomically seal)))))
+transduce1 (S f) somefold = transduce1 (P (Pipes.concats . f)) somefold
+transduce1 (SE f) somefold = transduce1 (PE (Pipes.concats . f)) somefold
+
+{-| Tweak each of the groups delimited by a 'Transducer'.		
+
+-}
+groups 
+    :: (forall r. Producer b IO r -> Producer b' IO r) -- ^
+    -> Transducer Delimited a e b  -- ^
+    -> Transducer Delimited a e b' -- ^
+groups f t = case t of
+    M func -> P (f . (\producer -> producer >-> Pipes.map func))
+    F func -> P (f . (\producer -> producer >-> Pipes.mapFoldable func))
+    P g -> P (f . g)
+    PE g -> PE (f . g)
+    S g -> S (Pipes.maps f . g)
+    SE g -> SE (Pipes.maps f . g)
+
+folds 
+    :: Fold1 b Void b' -- ^
+    -> Transducer Delimited a e b 
+    -> Transducer Continuous a e b'
+folds somefold t = case t of
+    M func -> folds somefold (P (\producer -> producer >-> Pipes.map func))
+    F func -> folds somefold (P (\producer -> producer >-> Pipes.mapFoldable func))
+    P g -> folds somefold (S (liftF . g))
+    PE g -> folds somefold (SE (liftF . g))
+    S g -> P (Pipes.concats . transFreeT ((\action -> lift action >>= (\(b',r) -> Pipes.yield b' >> return r)) . fold1 somefold) . g)
+    SE g -> PE (Pipes.concats . transFreeT ((\action -> lift action >>= (\(b',r) -> Pipes.yield b' >> return r)) . fold1 somefold) . g)
+
+data Delimited
+
+data Continuous
+
+concats 
+    :: Transducer Delimited a e b   -- ^
+    -> Transducer Continuous a e b
+concats t =  case t of
+    M func -> M func
+    F func -> F func
+    P g -> P g
+    PE g -> PE g
+    S g -> P (Pipes.concats . g)
+    SE g -> PE (Pipes.concats . g)
+
+intercalates 
+    :: Producer b IO ()  -- ^
+    -> Transducer Delimited a e b 
+    -> Transducer Continuous a e b
+intercalates p t =  case t of
+    M func -> M func
+    F func -> F func
+    P g -> P g
+    PE g -> PE g
+    S g -> P (Pipes.intercalates p . g)
+    SE g -> PE (Pipes.intercalates p . g)
+
+
+
+newtype Fold2 b1 b2 e a = Fold2 (Lift (Fold2_ b1 b2 e) a) deriving (Functor)
+
+data Fold2_ b1 b2 e a = 
+      First (Fold1_ b1 e a)
+    | Second (Fold1_ b2 e a)
+    | Both (forall r1 r2. Producer b1 IO r1 -> Producer b2 IO r2 -> IO (Either e (a,r1,r2))) deriving (Functor)
+
+fold2Fallibly_ :: Fold2_ b1 b2 e a -> Producer b1 IO r1 -> Producer b2 IO r2 -> IO (Either e (a,r1,r2))
+fold2Fallibly_ theFold producer1 producer2 = case theFold of
+        Both f -> f producer1 producer2
+        First f -> runConceit $
+            (\(r1,x1) (_,x2) -> (r1,x1,x2))
+            <$>
+            Conceit (exhaustiveCont f producer1)
+            <*>
+            Conceit (fold1Fallibly (pure ()) producer2)
+        Second f -> runConceit $
+            (\(_,x1) (r2,x2) -> (r2,x1,x2))
+            <$>
+            Conceit (fold1Fallibly (pure ()) producer1)
+            <*>
+            Conceit (exhaustiveCont f producer2)
+
+instance Bifunctor (Fold2 b1 b2) where
+    bimap f g (Fold2 x) = Fold2 (case x of
+        Pure a -> Pure (g a)
+        Other o -> Other (bimap f g o))
+
+instance Bifunctor (Fold2_ b1 b2) where
+    bimap f g (First s) = First (bimap f g s) 
+    bimap f g (Second s) = Second (bimap f g s) 
+    bimap f g (Both s) = Both (fmap (fmap (fmap (bimap f (\(x1,x2,x3) -> (g x1,x2,x3))))) s) 
+
+instance Applicative (Fold2 b1 b2 e) where
+    pure a = Fold2 (pure a)
+    Fold2 fa <*> Fold2 a = Fold2 (fa <*> a)
+
+instance Applicative (Fold2_ b1 b2 e) where
+    pure a = fmap (const a) (separated_ (pure ()) (pure ()))
+
+    Both fs <*> Both as = Both (\producer1 producer2 -> do
+        (outbox1a,inbox1a,seal1a) <- spawn' (bounded 1)
+        (outbox2a,inbox2a,seal2a) <- spawn' (bounded 1)
+        (outbox1b,inbox1b,seal1b) <- spawn' (bounded 1)
+        (outbox2b,inbox2b,seal2b) <- spawn' (bounded 1)
+        runConceit $
+            (\(f,(),()) (x,(),()) r1 r2 -> (f x,r1,r2))
+            <$>
+            Conceit (fs (fromInput inbox1a) (fromInput inbox1b) `finally` atomically seal1a `finally` atomically seal1b)
+            <*>
+            Conceit (as (fromInput inbox2a) (fromInput inbox2b) `finally` atomically seal2a `finally` atomically seal2b)
+            <*>
+            (_Conceit $
+                (runEffect (producer1 >-> Pipes.tee (toOutput outbox1a *> Pipes.drain) 
+                                      >->           (toOutput outbox2a *> Pipes.drain)))
+                `finally` atomically seal1a 
+                `finally` atomically seal2a)
+            <*>
+            (_Conceit $
+                (runEffect (producer2 >-> Pipes.tee (toOutput outbox1b *> Pipes.drain) 
+                                      >->           (toOutput outbox2b *> Pipes.drain)))
+                `finally` atomically seal1b 
+                `finally` atomically seal2b))
+    First fs <*> First as = First (fs <*> as)
+    Second fs <*> Second as = Second (fs <*> as)
+    First fs <*> Second as = uncurry ($) <$> separated_ fs as
+    Second fs <*> First as = uncurry (flip ($)) <$> separated_ as fs
+    First fs <*> Both as =  (\(f,()) x -> f x) <$> separated_ fs (pure ()) <*> Both as 
+    Both fs <*> First as =  (\f (x,()) -> f x) <$> Both fs <*> separated_ as (pure ())
+    Second fs <*> Both as = (\((),f) x -> f x) <$> separated_ (pure ()) fs <*> Both as 
+    Both fs <*> Second as = (\f ((),x) -> f x) <$> Both fs <*> separated_ (pure ()) as 
+
+instance (Monoid a) => Monoid (Fold2 b1 b2 e a) where
+   mempty = pure mempty
+   mappend s1 s2 = (<>) <$> s1 <*> s2
+
+{-| 
+    Run a 'Fold2'.
+-}
+fold2Fallibly :: Fold2 b1 b2 e a -> Producer b1 IO r1 -> Producer b2 IO r2 -> IO (Either e (a,r1,r2))
+fold2Fallibly (Fold2 (fold2Fallibly_ . unLift -> s)) = s 
+
+
+{-| 
+    Run a 'Fold2' that never returns an error value (but which may still throw exceptions!)
+-}
+fold2 :: Fold2 b1 b2 Void a -> Producer b1 IO r1 -> Producer b2 IO r2 -> IO (a,r1,r2)
+fold2 s producer1 producer2 = liftM (either absurd id) (fold2Fallibly s producer1 producer2) 
+
+liftFirst :: Fold1 b1 e r1 -> Fold2 b1 b2 e r1
+liftFirst (unLift . runFold1 -> f1) = Fold2 (Other (First f1))
+
+liftSecond :: Fold1 b2 e r1 -> Fold2 b1 b2 e r1
+liftSecond (unLift . runFold1 -> f1) = Fold2 (Other (Second f1))
+
+separated_ :: Fold1_ b1 e r1 -> Fold1_ b2 e r2 -> Fold2_ b1 b2 e (r1,r2)
+separated_ f1 f2 = Both (\producer1 producer2 ->
+    runConceit $
+        (\(r1,x1) (r2,x2) -> ((r1,r2),x1,x2))
+        <$>
+        Conceit (exhaustiveCont f1 producer1)
+        <*>
+        Conceit (exhaustiveCont f2 producer2))
+
+separated :: Fold1 b1 e r1 -> Fold1 b2 e r2 -> Fold2 b1 b2 e (r1,r2)
+separated f1 f2 = Fold2 (Other (separated_ (unLift . runFold1 $ f1) (unLift . runFold1 $ f2)))
+
+combined :: Transducer Delimited b1 e x -> Transducer Delimited b2 e x -> Fold1 x e a -> Fold2 b1 b2 e a
+combined t1 t2 f = Fold2 (Other (Both (\producer1 producer2 -> do
+   (outbox, inbox, seal) <- spawn' (bounded 1)
+   lock <- newMVar outbox
+   runConceit $ 
+       (\((),r1) ((),r2) (a,()) -> (a,r1,r2))
+       <$>
+       Conceit (fold1Fallibly (transduce1 (folds (withCont' (iterTLines lock)) t1) (pure ())) producer1 `finally` atomically seal)
+       <*>
+       Conceit (fold1Fallibly (transduce1 (folds (withCont' (iterTLines lock)) t2) (pure ())) producer2 `finally` atomically seal)
+       <*>
+       Conceit (fold1Fallibly f (fromInput inbox) `finally` atomically seal))))
+  where
+    -- iterTLines mvar = iterT $ \textProducer -> do
+    iterTLines mvar = \textProducer -> fmap (\x -> ((),x)) $ do
+        -- the P.drain bit was difficult to figure out!!!
+        withMVar mvar $ \output -> do
+            runEffect $ textProducer >-> (toOutput output >> Pipes.drain)
+
diff --git a/src/Pipes/Transduce/ByteString.hs b/src/Pipes/Transduce/ByteString.hs
--- a/src/Pipes/Transduce/ByteString.hs
+++ b/src/Pipes/Transduce/ByteString.hs
@@ -14,33 +14,11 @@
 
 import Prelude hiding (lines)
 import Data.Bifunctor
-import Data.Monoid
 import Data.Void
-import Data.Foldable
 import Data.ByteString
 import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy
-import Data.Text hiding (lines)
-import Data.Text.Encoding.Error (UnicodeException(..))
-import Control.Applicative
-import Control.Applicative.Lift
-import Control.Monad
-import Control.Monad.Trans.Except
-import Control.Monad.Trans.Free hiding (Pure)
 import qualified Control.Foldl as Foldl
-import Control.Exception
-import Pipes 
-import qualified Pipes.Text
-import Pipes.Text.Encoding (decodeUtf8) 
-import Pipes.Lift (distribute) 
---import Pipes.Prelude
 import qualified Pipes.ByteString (hGetSome)
-import qualified Pipes.Prelude as Pipes
-import qualified Pipes.Group as Pipes
-import qualified Pipes.Parse
-import qualified Pipes.Text
-import qualified Data.Text.Lazy
-import Pipes.Concurrent
-import Lens.Family (view)
 import System.IO
 import Data.ByteString.Lazy.Internal (defaultChunkSize)
 
@@ -69,7 +47,7 @@
     -> Handle 
     -> IO (Either e r) 
 drainHandleFallibly somefold (ChunkSize csize) handle =
-    fmap (bimap id fst) (Pipes.Transduce.foldFallibly1 somefold (Pipes.ByteString.hGetSome csize handle))
+    fmap (bimap id fst) (Pipes.Transduce.fold1Fallibly somefold (Pipes.ByteString.hGetSome csize handle))
 
 drainHandle
     :: Fold1 ByteString Void r 
diff --git a/src/Pipes/Transduce/Internal.hs b/src/Pipes/Transduce/Internal.hs
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/src/Pipes/Transduce/Internal.hs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,489 +0,0 @@
-﻿{-# LANGUAGE DeriveFunctor #-}
-{-# LANGUAGE ExistentialQuantification #-}
-{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
-{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
-{-# LANGUAGE GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving #-}
-{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
-{-# LANGUAGE ViewPatterns #-}
-{-# LANGUAGE EmptyDataDecls #-}
-
-module Pipes.Transduce.Internal where
-
-import Data.Bifunctor
-import Data.Monoid
-import Data.Void
-import Data.Foldable
-import Control.Applicative
-import Control.Applicative.Lift
-import Control.Monad
-import Control.Monad.Trans.Except
-import Control.Monad.Trans.Free hiding (Pure)
-import qualified Control.Foldl as Foldl
-import Control.Concurrent
-import Control.Concurrent.Conceit
-import Control.Exception
-import Pipes 
-import Pipes.Lift (distribute) 
-import Pipes.Prelude
-import qualified Pipes.Prelude as Pipes
-import qualified Pipes.Group as Pipes
-import qualified Pipes.Parse
-import Pipes.Concurrent
-import Pipes.Safe (SafeT, runSafeT)
-import Lens.Family (folding)
-
-{-| 
-    A computation in 'IO' that completely drains a 'Producer' of @b@ values,
-    returning a value of type @a@, except when it fails early with an error of
-    type @e@.
--}
-newtype Fold1 b e a = Fold1 (Lift (Fold1_ b e) a) deriving (Functor)
-
-data Fold1_ b e a = 
-         TrueFold (Foldl.FoldM (ExceptT e IO) b a)
-       | ExhaustiveCont (forall r. Producer b IO r -> IO (Either e (a,r)))
-       | NonexhaustiveCont (Producer b IO () -> IO (Either e a))
-       deriving (Functor)
-
-{-| 
-    'pure' creates a 'Fold1' that does nothing besides draining the
-    'Producer'. 
-
-    '<*>' feeds both folds with the data of the same 'Producer'. If any of
-    them fails the combination fails.
--}
-instance Applicative (Fold1 b e) where
-    pure a = Fold1 (pure a)
-    Fold1 fa <*> Fold1 a = Fold1 (fa <*> a)
-
-instance Applicative (Fold1_ b e) where
-    pure a = ExhaustiveCont (\producer -> do
-        r <- runEffect (producer >-> Pipes.drain)
-        pure (Right (a,r)))
-
-    TrueFold f1 <*> TrueFold f2 = TrueFold (f1 <*> f2)
-    s1 <*> s2 = bifurcate (nonexhaustiveCont s1) (nonexhaustiveCont s2)  
-        where 
-        bifurcate fs as = ExhaustiveCont (\producer -> do
-            (outbox1,inbox1,seal1) <- spawn' (bounded 1)
-            (outbox2,inbox2,seal2) <- spawn' (bounded 1)
-            runConceit $
-                (\f x r -> (f x,r))
-                <$>
-                Conceit (fs (fromInput inbox1) `finally` atomically seal1)
-                <*>
-                Conceit (as (fromInput inbox2) `finally` atomically seal2)
-                <*>
-                (_Conceit $
-                    (runEffect (producer >-> Pipes.tee (toOutput outbox1 *> Pipes.drain) 
-                                         >->           (toOutput outbox2 *> Pipes.drain)))
-                    `finally` atomically seal1 
-                    `finally` atomically seal2))
-
-instance Bifunctor (Fold1_ b) where
-  bimap f g s = case s of
-      TrueFold (Foldl.FoldM step start done) -> TrueFold (Foldl.FoldM 
-          (\previous input -> withExceptT f (step previous input))
-          (withExceptT f start)
-          (\final -> withExceptT f (fmap g (done final))))
-      ExhaustiveCont u -> ExhaustiveCont (fmap (liftM  (bimap f (bimap g id))) u)
-      NonexhaustiveCont h -> NonexhaustiveCont (fmap (liftM  (bimap f g)) h)
-
-{-| 
-    'first' is useful to massage errors.
--}
-instance Bifunctor (Fold1 b) where
-  bimap f g (Fold1 s) = Fold1 (case s of
-      Pure a -> Pure (g a)
-      Other o -> Other (bimap f g o))
-
-instance (Monoid a) => Monoid (Fold1 b e a) where
-   mempty = pure mempty
-   mappend s1 s2 = (<>) <$> s1 <*> s2
-
-nonexhaustiveCont :: Fold1_ b e a -> Producer b IO () -> IO (Either e a)
-nonexhaustiveCont (TrueFold e) = \producer -> runExceptT (Foldl.impurely Pipes.foldM e (hoist lift producer))
-nonexhaustiveCont (ExhaustiveCont e) = \producer -> liftM (fmap fst) (e producer)
-nonexhaustiveCont (NonexhaustiveCont u) = u
-
-exhaustiveCont :: Fold1_ b e a -> Producer b IO r -> IO (Either e (a,r))
-exhaustiveCont s = case s of 
-    TrueFold e -> \producer -> 
-        runExceptT (Foldl.impurely Pipes.foldM' e (hoist lift producer))
-    ExhaustiveCont e -> e
-    NonexhaustiveCont activity -> \producer -> do 
-        (outbox,inbox,seal) <- spawn' (bounded 1)
-        runConceit $ 
-            (,) 
-            <$>
-            Conceit (activity (fromInput inbox) `finally` atomically seal)
-            <*>
-            (_Conceit $
-                (runEffect (producer >-> (toOutput outbox *> Pipes.drain)) 
-                `finally` atomically seal))
-
-
-withFallibleCont 
-    :: (Producer b IO () -> IO (Either e a)) -- ^
-    -> Fold1 b e a 
-withFallibleCont f = Fold1 (Other (NonexhaustiveCont f))
-
-withFallibleCont'  
-    :: (forall r. Producer b IO r -> IO (Either e (a,r))) -- ^
-    -> Fold1 b e a 
-withFallibleCont' f = Fold1 (Other (ExhaustiveCont f))
-
-withCont 
-    :: (Producer b IO () -> IO a) -- ^
-    -> Fold1 b e a -- ^
-withCont aFold = withFallibleCont $ fmap (fmap pure) $ aFold
-
-withCont' 
-    :: (forall r. Producer b IO r -> IO (a,r)) -- ^
-    -> Fold1 b e a -- ^
-withCont' aFold = withFallibleCont' $ fmap (fmap pure) aFold
-
-withFold :: Foldl.Fold b a -> Fold1 b e a 
-withFold aFold = Fold1 (Other (TrueFold (Foldl.generalize aFold)))
-
-withFoldIO :: Foldl.FoldM IO b a -> Fold1 b e a 
-withFoldIO aFold = Fold1 (Other (TrueFold (hoistFold lift aFold)))
-
-hoistFold :: Monad m => (forall a. m a -> n a) -> Foldl.FoldM m i r -> Foldl.FoldM n i r 
-hoistFold g (Foldl.FoldM step begin done) = Foldl.FoldM (\s i -> g (step s i)) (g begin) (g . done)
-
-withFallibleFold :: Foldl.FoldM (ExceptT e IO) b a -> Fold1 b e a 
-withFallibleFold aFold = Fold1 (Other (TrueFold aFold))
-
---withFoldM 
---    :: MonadIO m 
---    => (forall r. m (a,r) -> IO (Either e (c,r))) 
---    -> Foldl.FoldM m b a 
---    -> Fold1 b e c 
---withFoldM whittle aFoldM = withFallibleCont' $ \producer -> 
---    whittle $ Foldl.impurely Pipes.Prelude.foldM' aFoldM (hoist liftIO producer)
-
-withConsumer :: Consumer b IO () -> Fold1 b e ()
-withConsumer consumer = withCont $ \producer -> runEffect $ producer >-> consumer 
-
-{-| Builds a 'Fold1' out of a 'Consumer' that never stops by itself.
-
--}
-withConsumer' :: Consumer b IO Void -> Fold1 b e ()
-withConsumer' consumer = withCont' $ \producer -> fmap ((,) ()) $ runEffect $ producer >-> fmap absurd consumer 
-
-withConsumerM :: MonadIO m 
-              => (m () -> IO (Either e a))  -- ^
-              -> Consumer b m () 
-              -> Fold1 b e a
-withConsumerM whittle consumer = withFallibleCont $ \producer -> whittle $ runEffect $ (hoist liftIO producer) >-> consumer 
-
-withConsumerM' :: MonadIO m 
-               => (forall r. m r -> IO (Either e (a,r))) -- ^
-               -> Consumer b m Void
-               -> Fold1 b e a
-withConsumerM' whittle consumer = withFallibleCont' $ \producer -> whittle $ runEffect $ (hoist liftIO producer) >-> fmap absurd consumer 
-
-withSafeConsumer 
-    :: Consumer b (SafeT IO) Void -- ^
-    -> Fold1 b e ()
-withSafeConsumer = withConsumerM' (fmap (\r -> Right ((),r)) . runSafeT)
-
-withFallibleConsumer 
-    :: Consumer b (ExceptT e IO) Void -- ^
-    -> Fold1 b e ()
-withFallibleConsumer = withConsumerM' (fmap (fmap (\r -> ((), r))) . runExceptT)
-
-
-withParser 
-    :: Pipes.Parse.Parser b IO (Either e a) -- ^
-    -> Fold1 b e a 
-withParser parser = withFallibleCont' $ \producer -> drainage $ Pipes.Parse.runStateT parser producer
-  where
-    drainage m = do 
-        (a,leftovers) <- m
-        r <- runEffect (leftovers >-> Pipes.Prelude.drain)
-        case a of
-            Left e -> return (Left e)
-            Right a' -> return (Right (a',r)) 
-
-withParserM :: MonadIO m 
-            => (forall r. m (a,r) -> IO (Either e (c,r))) -- ^
-            -> Pipes.Parse.Parser b m a -> Fold1 b e c 
-withParserM f parser = withFallibleCont' $ \producer -> f $ drainage $ (Pipes.Parse.runStateT parser) (hoist liftIO producer)
-  where
-    drainage m = do 
-        (a,leftovers) <- m
-        r <- runEffect (leftovers >-> Pipes.Prelude.drain)
-        return (a,r)
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-{-| 
-    Run a 'Fold1'.
--}
-foldFallibly1 :: Fold1 b e a -> Producer b IO r -> IO (Either e (a,r))
-foldFallibly1 (Fold1 (unLift -> s)) = exhaustiveCont s
-
-{-| 
-    Run a 'Fold1' that never returns an error value (but which may still throw exceptions!)
--}
-fold1 :: Fold1 b Void a -> Producer b IO r -> IO (a,r)
-fold1 (Fold1 (unLift -> s)) = liftM (either absurd id) . exhaustiveCont s
-
-{-| A transformation that takes the inputs of a 'Fold1' from type @a@ to type @b@.		
-
-    Optionally, the transformation may delimit groups of elements in the
-    stream. In that case the phantom type @x@ will be 'Delimited'. Otherwise, it will be
-    'Continuous'.
--}
-data Transducer x b e a = 
-      M (b -> a)
-    | F (b -> [a])
-    | P (forall r. Producer b IO r -> Producer a IO r)
-    | PE (forall r. Producer b IO r -> Producer a IO (Either e r))
-    | S (forall r. Producer b IO r -> FreeT (Producer a IO) IO r)
-    | SE (forall r. Producer b IO r -> FreeT (Producer a IO) IO (Either e r))
-
-instance Functor (Transducer x b e) where
-  fmap = second
-
-instance Bifunctor (Transducer x b) where
-  bimap f g s = case s of
-      M x -> M (g . x)
-      F x -> F (fmap g . x)
-      P x -> P (\producer -> for (x producer) (Pipes.yield . g))
-      PE x -> PE (\producer -> liftM (first f) (for (x producer) (Pipes.yield . g)))
-      S x -> S (\producer -> transFreeT (\p -> for p (Pipes.yield . g)) (x producer))
-      SE x -> SE (\producer -> liftM (first f) (transFreeT (\p -> (for p (Pipes.yield . g))) (x producer)))
-
-mapper 
-    :: (a -> b) -- ^
-    -> Transducer Continuous a e b
-mapper = M
-
-fallibleM 
-    :: (a -> Either e b) -- ^
-    -> Transducer Continuous a e b  -- ^
-fallibleM fallible = PE (\producer -> (runExceptT . distribute) (for (hoist lift producer) (\a -> do
-    case fallible a of
-        Left e -> lift (throwE e)
-        Right b -> Pipes.yield b)))
-
-fallibleMapper 
-    :: (a -> Either e b) -- ^
-    -> Transducer Continuous a e b  -- ^
-fallibleMapper fallible = PE (\producer -> (runExceptT . distribute) (for (hoist lift producer) (\a -> do
-    case fallible a of
-        Left e -> lift (throwE e)
-        Right b -> Pipes.yield b)))
-
-mapperFoldable 
-    :: Foldable f 
-    => (a -> f b) -- ^
-    -> Transducer Continuous a e b -- ^
-mapperFoldable f = F (Data.Foldable.toList . f)
-
-mapperEnumerable 
-    :: Enumerable f 
-    => (a -> f IO b) -- ^
-    -> Transducer Continuous a e b  -- ^
-mapperEnumerable enumerable = P (\producer -> for producer (enumerate . toListT . enumerable))
-
-transducer 
-    :: (forall r. Producer b IO r -> Producer a IO r)  -- ^
-    -> Transducer Continuous b e a -- ^
-transducer = P
-
-fallibleTransducer 
-    :: (forall r. Producer b IO r -> Producer a IO (Either e r))  -- ^
-    -> Transducer Continuous b e a  -- ^
-fallibleTransducer = PE
-
-{-| Plug splitting functions from @pipes-group@ here.		
-
--}
-delimit 
-    :: (forall r. Producer a IO r -> FreeT (Producer a' IO) IO r) -- ^
-    -> Transducer Continuous b e a -- ^
-    -> Transducer Delimited b e a' -- ^
-delimit f t = case t of
-    M func -> S (\producer -> f (producer >-> Pipes.Prelude.map func))
-    F func -> S (\producer -> f (producer >-> mapFoldable func))
-    P g -> S (f . g)
-    PE g -> SE (f . g)
-    S g -> S (f . Pipes.concats . g)
-    SE g -> SE (f . Pipes.concats . g)
-
-{-| Apply a 'Transducer' to a 'Fold1'.		
-
--}
-transduce1 :: Transducer Continuous b e a -> Fold1 a e r -> Fold1 b e r
-transduce1 (M _) (Fold1 (Pure x)) = 
-    Fold1 (Pure x)
-transduce1 (M f) (Fold1 (Other s)) = (Fold1 (Other (case s of
-    TrueFold x -> TrueFold (Foldl.premapM f x)
-    ExhaustiveCont x -> ExhaustiveCont (\producer -> x (producer >-> Pipes.Prelude.map f))
-    NonexhaustiveCont x -> NonexhaustiveCont (\producer -> x (producer >-> Pipes.Prelude.map f)))))
-transduce1 (F _) (Fold1 (Pure x)) = 
-    Fold1 (Pure x)
-transduce1 (F f) (Fold1 (Other s)) = (Fold1 (Other (case s of
-    TrueFold x -> TrueFold (Foldl.handlesM (folding f) x)
-    ExhaustiveCont x -> ExhaustiveCont (\producer -> x (producer >-> Pipes.Prelude.mapFoldable f))
-    NonexhaustiveCont x -> NonexhaustiveCont (\producer -> x (producer >-> Pipes.Prelude.mapFoldable f)))))
-transduce1 (P f) (Fold1 (unLift -> s)) = case s of
-    NonexhaustiveCont x -> Fold1 (Other (NonexhaustiveCont (x . f)))
-    _ -> Fold1 (Other (ExhaustiveCont (exhaustiveCont s . f)))
-transduce1 (PE f) (Fold1 (exhaustiveCont . unLift -> s)) = do
-    Fold1 (Other (ExhaustiveCont (\producer -> do
-        (outbox,inbox,seal) <- spawn' (bounded 1)
-        runConceit $ 
-            (\(r,()) r' -> (r,r'))
-            <$>
-            Conceit (s (fromInput inbox) `finally` atomically seal)
-            <*>
-            (Conceit $
-                (runEffect (f producer >-> (toOutput outbox *> Pipes.drain)) 
-                `finally` atomically seal)))))
-transduce1 (S f) somefold = transduce1 (P (Pipes.concats . f)) somefold
-transduce1 (SE f) somefold = transduce1 (PE (Pipes.concats . f)) somefold
-
-{-| Tweak each of the groups delimited by a 'Transducer'.		
-
--}
-groups 
-    :: (forall r. Producer b IO r -> Producer b' IO r) -- ^
-    -> Transducer Delimited a e b  -- ^
-    -> Transducer Delimited a e b' -- ^
-groups f t = case t of
-    M func -> P (f . (\producer -> producer >-> Pipes.Prelude.map func))
-    F func -> P (f . (\producer -> producer >-> mapFoldable func))
-    P g -> P (f . g)
-    PE g -> PE (f . g)
-    S g -> S (Pipes.maps f . g)
-    SE g -> SE (Pipes.maps f . g)
-
-folds 
-    :: Fold1 b Void b' -- ^
-    -> Transducer Delimited a e b 
-    -> Transducer Continuous a e b'
-folds somefold t = case t of
-    M func -> folds somefold (P (\producer -> producer >-> Pipes.Prelude.map func))
-    F func -> folds somefold (P (\producer -> producer >-> mapFoldable func))
-    P g -> folds somefold (S (liftF . g))
-    PE g -> folds somefold (SE (liftF . g))
-    S g -> P (Pipes.concats . transFreeT ((\action -> lift action >>= (\(b',r) -> Pipes.yield b' >> return r)) . Pipes.Transduce.Internal.fold1 somefold) . g)
-    SE g -> PE (Pipes.concats . transFreeT ((\action -> lift action >>= (\(b',r) -> Pipes.yield b' >> return r)) . Pipes.Transduce.Internal.fold1 somefold) . g)
-
-data Delimited
-
-data Continuous
-
-concats 
-    :: Transducer Delimited a e b   -- ^
-    -> Transducer Continuous a e b
-concats t =  case t of
-    M func -> M func
-    F func -> F func
-    P g -> P g
-    PE g -> PE g
-    S g -> P (Pipes.concats . g)
-    SE g -> PE (Pipes.concats . g)
-
-intercalates 
-    :: Producer b IO ()  -- ^
-    -> Transducer Delimited a e b 
-    -> Transducer Continuous a e b
-intercalates p t =  case t of
-    M func -> M func
-    F func -> F func
-    P g -> P g
-    PE g -> PE g
-    S g -> P (Pipes.intercalates p . g)
-    SE g -> PE (Pipes.intercalates p . g)
-
-
-
-newtype Fold2 b1 b2 e a = Fold2 (forall r1 r2. Producer b1 IO r1 -> Producer b2 IO r2 -> IO (Either e (a,r1,r2))) deriving (Functor)
-
-instance Bifunctor (Fold2 b1 b2) where
-    bimap f g (Fold2 s) = Fold2 (fmap (fmap (fmap (bimap f (\(x1,x2,x3) -> (g x1,x2,x3))))) s) 
-
-instance Applicative (Fold2 b1 b2 e) where
-    pure a = Fold2 (\producer1 producer2 -> do
-        (r1,r2) <- _runConceit $
-            (,)
-            <$>
-            _Conceit (runEffect (producer1 >-> Pipes.drain))
-            <*>
-            _Conceit (runEffect (producer2 >-> Pipes.drain))
-        pure (Right (a,r1,r2)))
-
-    Fold2 fs <*> Fold2 as = Fold2 (\producer1 producer2 -> do
-        (outbox1a,inbox1a,seal1a) <- spawn' (bounded 1)
-        (outbox2a,inbox2a,seal2a) <- spawn' (bounded 1)
-        (outbox1b,inbox1b,seal1b) <- spawn' (bounded 1)
-        (outbox2b,inbox2b,seal2b) <- spawn' (bounded 1)
-        runConceit $
-            (\(f,(),()) (x,(),()) r1 r2 -> (f x,r1,r2))
-            <$>
-            Conceit (fs (fromInput inbox1a) (fromInput inbox1b) `finally` atomically seal1a `finally` atomically seal1b)
-            <*>
-            Conceit (as (fromInput inbox2a) (fromInput inbox2b) `finally` atomically seal2a `finally` atomically seal2b)
-            <*>
-            (_Conceit $
-                (runEffect (producer1 >-> Pipes.tee (toOutput outbox1a *> Pipes.drain) 
-                                      >->           (toOutput outbox2a *> Pipes.drain)))
-                `finally` atomically seal1a 
-                `finally` atomically seal2a)
-            <*>
-            (_Conceit $
-                (runEffect (producer2 >-> Pipes.tee (toOutput outbox1b *> Pipes.drain) 
-                                      >->           (toOutput outbox2b *> Pipes.drain)))
-                `finally` atomically seal1b 
-                `finally` atomically seal2b))
-
-instance (Monoid a) => Monoid (Fold2 b1 b2 e a) where
-   mempty = pure mempty
-   mappend s1 s2 = (<>) <$> s1 <*> s2
-
-{-| 
-    Run a 'Fold2'.
--}
-foldFallibly2 :: Fold2 b1 b2 e a -> Producer b1 IO r1 -> Producer b2 IO r2 -> IO (Either e (a,r1,r2))
-foldFallibly2 (Fold2 s) producer1 producer2 = s producer1 producer2
-
-
-{-| 
-    Run a 'Fold2' that never returns an error value (but which may still throw exceptions!)
--}
-fold2 :: Fold2 b1 b2 Void a -> Producer b1 IO r1 -> Producer b2 IO r2 -> IO (a,r1,r2)
-fold2 (Fold2 s) producer1 producer2 = liftM (either absurd id) (s producer1 producer2) 
-
-separated :: Fold1 b1 e r1 -> Fold1 b2 e r2 -> Fold2 b1 b2 e (r1,r2)
-separated f1 f2 = Fold2 (\producer1 producer2 ->
-    runConceit $
-        (\(r1,x1) (r2,x2) -> ((r1,r2),x1,x2))
-        <$>
-        Conceit (foldFallibly1 f1 producer1)
-        <*>
-        Conceit (foldFallibly1 f2 producer2))
-
-combined :: Transducer Delimited b1 e x -> Transducer Delimited b2 e x -> Fold1 x e a -> Fold2 b1 b2 e a
-combined t1 t2 f = Fold2 (\producer1 producer2 -> do
-   (outbox, inbox, seal) <- spawn' (bounded 1)
-   lock <- newMVar outbox
-   runConceit $ 
-       (\((),r1) ((),r2) (a,()) -> (a,r1,r2))
-       <$>
-       Conceit (foldFallibly1 (transduce1 (folds (withCont' (iterTLines lock)) t1) (pure ())) producer1 `finally` atomically seal)
-       <*>
-       Conceit (foldFallibly1 (transduce1 (folds (withCont' (iterTLines lock)) t2) (pure ())) producer2 `finally` atomically seal)
-       <*>
-       Conceit (foldFallibly1 f (fromInput inbox) `finally` atomically seal))
-  where
-    -- iterTLines mvar = iterT $ \textProducer -> do
-    iterTLines mvar = \textProducer -> fmap (\x -> ((),x)) $ do
-        -- the P.drain bit was difficult to figure out!!!
-        withMVar mvar $ \output -> do
-            runEffect $ textProducer >-> (toOutput output >> Pipes.drain)
diff --git a/src/Pipes/Transduce/Text.hs b/src/Pipes/Transduce/Text.hs
--- a/src/Pipes/Transduce/Text.hs
+++ b/src/Pipes/Transduce/Text.hs
@@ -16,36 +16,19 @@
     ) where
 
 import Prelude hiding (lines)
-import Data.Bifunctor
-import Data.Monoid
-import Data.Void
-import Data.Foldable
 import Data.ByteString
 import qualified Data.Text 
 import Data.Text hiding (lines)
 import Data.Text.Encoding.Error (UnicodeException(..))
-import Control.Applicative
-import Control.Applicative.Lift
-import Control.Monad
-import Control.Monad.Trans.Except
-import Control.Monad.Trans.Free hiding (Pure)
 import qualified Control.Foldl as Foldl
 import Control.Exception
 import Pipes 
 import qualified Pipes.Text
 import Pipes.Text.Encoding (decodeUtf8) 
-import Pipes.Lift (distribute) 
---import Pipes.Prelude
-import qualified Pipes.Prelude as Pipes
-import qualified Pipes.Group as Pipes
-import qualified Pipes.Parse
-import qualified Pipes.Text
 import qualified Data.Text.Lazy
-import Pipes.Concurrent
 import Lens.Family (view)
 
 import Pipes.Transduce
-import Pipes.Transduce.Internal
 
 {- $setup
 >>> :set -XOverloadedStrings
@@ -104,7 +87,7 @@
 decoder 
     :: (forall r. Producer ByteString IO r -> Producer Text IO (Producer ByteString IO r))
     -> Transducer Continuous ByteString ByteString Text -- ^
-decoder f = PE (\producer -> f producer >>= \producer' -> lift (do
+decoder f = fallibleTransducer (\producer -> f producer >>= \producer' -> lift (do
     n <- next producer'
     case n of
         Left r -> return (Right r)
@@ -119,7 +102,7 @@
 decoderx
     :: (forall r. Producer ByteString IO r -> Producer Text IO (Producer ByteString IO r))
     -> Transducer Continuous ByteString e Text -- ^
-decoderx f = P (\producer -> f producer >>= \producer' -> lift (do
+decoderx f = transducer (\producer -> f producer >>= \producer' -> lift (do
     n <- next producer'
     case n of
         Left r -> return r
@@ -128,7 +111,7 @@
 {-| 
     The first undecodable bytes will be the error value.
 
->>> PT.foldFallibly1 (transduce1 utf8 intoLazyText) (mapM_ yield ["aa"]) 
+>>> PT.fold1Fallibly (transduce1 utf8 intoLazyText) (mapM_ yield ["aa"]) 
 Right ("aa",())
 
 -}
