diff --git a/changelog b/changelog
--- a/changelog
+++ b/changelog
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+pandoc-citeproc (0.16.3.1)
+
+  * Fix how LANG is set for bibtex conversion.
+    We were using a `-` where `_` is standard.
+  * Make locale retrieval more robust (#420).
+    Previously an error was raised if the locale was 'C'.
+    Now 'C' is treated as default (en-US locale is used).
+
 pandoc-citeproc (0.16.3)
 
   * Set `hanging-indent` class on `refs` Div if specified by the style (#410).
diff --git a/pandoc-citeproc.cabal b/pandoc-citeproc.cabal
--- a/pandoc-citeproc.cabal
+++ b/pandoc-citeproc.cabal
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 name:               pandoc-citeproc
-version:            0.16.3
+version:            0.16.3.1
 cabal-version:      1.12
 synopsis:           Supports using pandoc with citeproc
 
diff --git a/src/Text/CSL/Data.hs b/src/Text/CSL/Data.hs
--- a/src/Text/CSL/Data.hs
+++ b/src/Text/CSL/Data.hs
@@ -48,33 +48,37 @@
 -- | Raises 'CSLLocaleException' on error.
 getLocale :: String -> IO L.ByteString
 getLocale s = do
+  let baseLocale = takeWhile (/='.') s
 #ifdef EMBED_DATA_FILES
   let toLazy x = L.fromChunks [x]
-  case length s of
-      0 -> maybe (E.throwIO $ CSLLocaleNotFound "en-US")
-                 (return . toLazy)
+  let returnDefaultLocale =
+        maybe (E.throwIO $ CSLLocaleNotFound "en-US") (return . toLazy)
            $ lookup "locales-en-US.xml" localeFiles
-      2 -> let fn = ("locales-" ++ fromMaybe s (lookup s langBase) ++ ".xml")
-           in case lookup fn localeFiles of
-                Just x' -> return $ toLazy x'
-                _       -> E.throwIO $ CSLLocaleNotFound s
-      _ -> case lookup ("locales-" ++ take 5 s ++ ".xml") localeFiles of
+  case length baseLocale of
+      0 -> returnDefaultLocale
+      1 | baseLocale == "C" -> returnDefaultLocale
+      _ -> case lookup ("locales-" ++ baseLocale ++ ".xml") localeFiles of
                  Just x' -> return $ toLazy x'
-                 _       -> -- try again with 2-letter locale
-                    let s' = take 2 s in
-                    case lookup ("locales-" ++ fromMaybe s'
-                           (lookup s' langBase) ++ ".xml") localeFiles of
-                          Just x'' -> return $ toLazy x''
-                          _        -> E.throwIO $ CSLLocaleNotFound s
+                 Nothing ->
+                       -- try again with 2-letter locale (lang only)
+                       let shortLocale = takeWhile (/='-') baseLocale in
+                       case lookup ("locales-" ++ fromMaybe shortLocale
+                              (lookup shortLocale langBase) ++ ".xml")
+                              localeFiles of
+                             Just x'' -> return $ toLazy x''
+                             _        -> E.throwIO $ CSLLocaleNotFound s
 #else
-  f <- case length s of
-             0 -> return "locales/locales-en-US.xml"
-             2 -> getDataFileName ("locales/locales-" ++
-                                fromMaybe s (lookup s langBase) ++ ".xml")
-             _ -> getDataFileName ("locales/locales-" ++ take 5 s ++ ".xml")
+  f <- getDataFileName $
+         case length baseLocale of
+             0 -> "locales/locales-en-US.xml"
+             1 | baseLocale == "C" -> "locales/locales-en-US.xml"
+             2 -> "locales/locales-" ++
+                    fromMaybe s (lookup s langBase) ++ ".xml"
+             _ -> "locales/locales-" ++ take 5 s ++ ".xml"
   exists <- doesFileExist f
-  if not exists && length s > 2
-     then getLocale $ take 2 s  -- try again with base locale
+  if not exists && length baseLocale > 2
+     then getLocale $ dropWhile (/='-') baseLocale
+          -- try again with lang only
      else E.handle (E.throwIO . CSLLocaleReadError) $ L.readFile f
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/Text/CSL/Input/Bibtex.hs b/src/Text/CSL/Input/Bibtex.hs
--- a/src/Text/CSL/Input/Bibtex.hs
+++ b/src/Text/CSL/Input/Bibtex.hs
@@ -100,7 +100,8 @@
 getLangFromEnv = do
   env <- getEnvironment
   return $ case lookup "LANG" env of
-                  Just x  -> case splitWhen (\c -> c == '.' || c == '_' || c == '-') x of
+                  Just x  -> case splitWhen (\c -> c == '_' || c == '-')
+                                  (takeWhile (/='.') x) of
                                    (w:z:_) -> Lang w z
                                    [w]     | not (null w) -> Lang w mempty
                                    _       -> Lang "en" "US"
@@ -368,7 +369,7 @@
 
 -- | Prints a 'Lang' in BCP 47 format.
 langToLocale :: Lang -> String
-langToLocale (Lang x y) = x ++ ('-':y)
+langToLocale (Lang x y) = x ++ (if null y then [] else '-':y)
 
 -- Biblatex Localization Keys (see Biblatex manual)
 -- Currently we only map a subset likely to be used in Biblatex *databases*
diff --git a/src/Text/CSL/Pandoc.hs b/src/Text/CSL/Pandoc.hs
--- a/src/Text/CSL/Pandoc.hs
+++ b/src/Text/CSL/Pandoc.hs
@@ -222,8 +222,8 @@
          if null envlang
             then do
               -- Note that LANG needs to be set for bibtex conversion:
-              setEnv "LANG" "en-US.UTF-8"
-              setEnv "LC_ALL" "en-US.UTF-8"
+              setEnv "LANG" "en_US.UTF-8"
+              setEnv "LC_ALL" "en_US.UTF-8"
             else
               setEnv "LC_ALL" envlang
   let citids = query getCitationIds (Pandoc meta blocks)
diff --git a/stack.yaml b/stack.yaml
--- a/stack.yaml
+++ b/stack.yaml
@@ -12,10 +12,15 @@
 - pandoc-types-1.17.6.1
 - HsYAML-0.2.0.0
 - HsYAML-aeson-0.2.0.0
-- doctemplates-0.6.1
-- doclayout-0.1
+- texmath-0.11.3
+- haddock-library-1.8.0
+- skylighting-0.8.2.3
+- skylighting-core-0.8.2.3
+- regex-pcre-builtin-0.95.0.8.8.35
+- doctemplates-0.7
+- doclayout-0.2.0.1
 - git: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc.git
-  commit: b64410ff9ce64d6a2c7e09b43694b6f4245f9129
+  commit: 8f3b3afc70d163afe5e103abec77a4ffafb995bd
 
 ghc-options:
    "$locals": -fhide-source-paths
diff --git a/tests/jats.csl b/tests/jats.csl
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/jats.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="in-text" version="1.0" default-locale="en-US">
+  <info>
+    <title>Journal Article Tag Suite</title>
+    <title-short>JATS</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/journal-article-tag-suite</id>
+    <link href="https://github.com/MartinPaulEve/JATS-CSL/blob/master/jats.csl" rel="self"/>
+    <link rel="documentation" href="http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/tag-library/1.0/index.html"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Martin Paul Eve</name>
+      <email>martin@martineve.com</email>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="numeric"/>
+    <category field="medicine"/>
+    <category field="biology"/>
+    <summary>Use this style to generate bibliographic data in Journal Article Tagging Suite (JATS) 1.0 XML format</summary>
+    <updated>2014-06-21T17:41:26+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License. Originally by Martin Fenner.</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+        <term name="et-al">{{jats}}&lt;etal/&gt;{{/jats}}</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <macro name="citation-number">
+    <text variable="citation-number" prefix="{{jats}}id=&quot;ref-{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&quot;&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author">
+    <names variable="author">
+        <name prefix="{{jats}}&lt;name&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/name&gt;{{/jats}}" name-as-sort-order="all" sort-separator="">
+            <name-part name="family" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix="{{jats}}&lt;surname&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/surname&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+            <name-part name="given" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix="{{jats}}&lt;given-names&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/given-names&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+      </name>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="editor"/>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+
+  <macro name="editor">
+    <names variable="editor" prefix="{{jats}}&lt;person-group person-group-type=&quot;editor&quot;&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/person-group&gt;{{/jats}}">
+      <name prefix="{{jats}}&lt;name&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/name&gt;{{/jats}}" name-as-sort-order="all" sort-separator="">
+        <name-part name="family" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix="{{jats}}&lt;surname&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/surname&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+        <name-part name="given" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix="{{jats}}&lt;given-names&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/given-names&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+      </name>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="editor"/>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+
+  <macro name="editor">
+    <group delimiter=": ">
+      <names variable="editor">
+        <name prefix="{{jats}}&lt;name&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/name&gt;{{/jats}}" name-as-sort-order="all" sort-separator="">
+          <name-part name="family" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix="{{jats}}&lt;surname&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/surname&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+          <name-part name="given" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix="{{jats}}&lt;given-names&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;given-names&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+        </name>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="book" match="any">
+        <group prefix="{{jats}}&lt;source&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/source&gt;{{/jats}}">
+	        <text variable="title"/>
+				</group>			
+			</if>
+      <else>
+        <group prefix="{{jats}}&lt;article-title&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/article-title&gt;{{/jats}}">
+	        <text variable="title"/>
+				</group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="container-title">
+    <text variable="container-title" form="short" prefix="{{jats}}&lt;source&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/source&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="publisher">
+    <text variable="publisher" prefix="{{jats}}&lt;publisher-name&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/publisher-name&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+    <text variable="publisher-place" prefix="{{jats}}&lt;publisher-loc&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/publisher-loc&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="link">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="DOI">
+        <group prefix="{{jats}}&lt;pub-id pub-id-type=&quot;doi&quot;&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/pub-id&gt;{{/jats}}">
+          <text variable="DOI"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="PMID">
+        <group prefix="{{jats}}&lt;ext-link ext-link-type=&quot;pmid&quot; {{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/ext-link&gt;{{/jats}}">
+          <text variable="PMID" prefix="{{jats}}xlink:href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&quot; xlink:type=&quot;simple&quot;&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+          <text variable="PMID"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="URL" match="any">
+        <group prefix="{{jats}}&lt;ext-link ext-link-type=&quot;uri&quot; {{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/ext-link&gt;{{/jats}}">
+          <text variable="URL" prefix="{{jats}}xlink:href=&quot;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&quot; xlink:type=&quot;simple&quot;&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+          <text variable="URL"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper report patent book" match="any">
+        <group prefix="{{jats}}&lt;date&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/date&gt;{{/jats}}">
+          <date variable="issued">
+            <date-part name="day" form="numeric-leading-zeros" prefix="{{jats}}&lt;day&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/day&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+            <date-part name="month" form="numeric-leading-zeros" prefix="{{jats}}&lt;month&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/month&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+            <date-part name="year" prefix="{{jats}}&lt;year&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/year&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+          </date>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group prefix="{{jats}}&lt;date-in-citation content-type=&quot;access-date&quot;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/date-in-citation&gt;{{/jats}}">
+          <date variable="accessed" prefix="{{jats}} iso-8601-date=&quot;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&quot;&gt;{{/jats}}">
+            <date-part name="year"/>
+            <date-part name="month" form="numeric-leading-zeros" prefix="{{jats}}-{{/jats}}"/>
+            <date-part name="day" form="numeric-leading-zeros" prefix="{{jats}}-{{/jats}}"/>
+          </date>
+          <date variable="accessed">
+            <date-part name="day" prefix="{{jats}}&lt;day&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/day&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+            <date-part name="month" form="numeric-leading-zeros" prefix="{{jats}}&lt;month&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/month&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+            <date-part name="year" prefix="{{jats}}&lt;year&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/year&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+          </date>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="location">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article-journal article-magazine" match="any">
+        <text variable="volume" prefix="{{jats}}&lt;volume&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/volume&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+        <text variable="issue" prefix="{{jats}}&lt;issue&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/issue&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper chapter" match="any">
+        <text variable="page-first" prefix="{{jats}}&lt;fpage&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/fpage&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="publication-type">
+    <group prefix="{{jats}} publication-type=&quot;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&quot;&gt;{{/jats}}">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper" match="any">
+          <text value="journal"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="book" match="any">
+          <text value="book"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="chapter" match="any">
+          <text value="bookchapter"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="dataset" match="any">
+          <text value="dataset"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="patent" match="any">
+          <text value="patent"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="report" match="any">
+          <text value="report"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="review" match="any">
+          <text value="review"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text value="standard"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation collapse="citation-number">
+    <sort>
+      <key variable="citation-number"/>
+    </sort>
+    <layout delimiter=",">
+      <group prefix="{{jats}}&lt;xref ref-type=&quot;bibr&quot; rid=&quot;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/xref&gt;{{/jats}}">
+        <text variable="citation-number" prefix="{{jats}}ref-{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&quot;&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+        <text variable="citation-number"/>
+      </group>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <bibliography sort-separator="">
+    <layout>
+      <group prefix="{{jats}}&lt;ref {{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{/jats}}">
+        <text macro="citation-number"/>
+        <group prefix="{{jats}}&lt;element-citation{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/element-citation&gt;{{/jats}}">
+          <text macro="publication-type"/>
+          <text macro="author" prefix="{{jats}}&lt;person-group person-group-type=&quot;author&quot;&gt;{{/jats}}" suffix="{{jats}}&lt;/person-group&gt;{{/jats}}"/>
+          <text macro="title" />
+          <text macro="container-title"/>
+          <text macro="editor"/>
+          <text macro="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="date"/>
+          <text macro="location"/>
+          <text macro="link"/>
+        </group>
+      </group>
+    </layout>
+  </bibliography>
+</style>
+
