diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 dist
+dist-newstyle
 docs
 wiki
 TAGS
@@ -11,3 +12,21 @@
 *.hi
 *~
 *#
+.stack-work/
+cabal-dev
+*.chi
+*.chs.h
+*.dyn_o
+*.dyn_hi
+.hpc
+.hsenv
+.cabal-sandbox/
+cabal.sandbox.config
+*.prof
+*.aux
+*.hp
+*.eventlog
+cabal.project.local
+cabal.project.local~
+.HTF/
+.ghc.environment.*
diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,15 @@
-language: haskell
+# This Travis job script has been generated by a script via
+#
+#   runghc make_travis_yml_2.hs '-o' '.travis.yml' '--irc-channel=irc.freenode.org#haskell-lens' '--no-no-tests-no-bench' '--no-installed' 'cabal.project'
+#
+# For more information, see https://github.com/hvr/multi-ghc-travis
+#
+language: c
+sudo: false
+
+git:
+  submodules: false  # whether to recursively clone submodules
+
 notifications:
   irc:
     channels:
@@ -6,3 +17,144 @@
     skip_join: true
     template:
       - "\x0313nats\x03/\x0306%{branch}\x03 \x0314%{commit}\x03 %{build_url} %{message}"
+
+cache:
+  directories:
+    - $HOME/.cabal/packages
+    - $HOME/.cabal/store
+
+before_cache:
+  - rm -fv $HOME/.cabal/packages/hackage.haskell.org/build-reports.log
+  # remove files that are regenerated by 'cabal update'
+  - rm -fv $HOME/.cabal/packages/hackage.haskell.org/00-index.*
+  - rm -fv $HOME/.cabal/packages/hackage.haskell.org/*.json
+  - rm -fv $HOME/.cabal/packages/hackage.haskell.org/01-index.cache
+  - rm -fv $HOME/.cabal/packages/hackage.haskell.org/01-index.tar
+  - rm -fv $HOME/.cabal/packages/hackage.haskell.org/01-index.tar.idx
+
+  - rm -rfv $HOME/.cabal/packages/head.hackage
+
+matrix:
+  include:
+    - compiler: "ghc-7.0.4"
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [ghc-ppa-tools,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-7.0.4], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-7.0.4"
+      env: CABALFLAGS="-f-hashable"
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [ghc-ppa-tools,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-7.0.4], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-7.0.4"
+      env: CABALFLAGS="-f-template-haskell"
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [ghc-ppa-tools,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-7.0.4], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-7.0.4"
+      env: CABALFLAGS="-f-binary"
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [ghc-ppa-tools,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-7.0.4], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-7.0.4"
+      env: CABALFLAGS="-f-hashable -f-template-haskell"
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [ghc-ppa-tools,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-7.0.4], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-7.0.4"
+      env: CABALFLAGS="-f-hashable -f-binary"
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [ghc-ppa-tools,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-7.0.4], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-7.0.4"
+      env: CABALFLAGS="-f-binary -f-template-haskell"
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [ghc-ppa-tools,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-7.0.4], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-7.2.2"
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [ghc-ppa-tools,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-7.2.2], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-7.4.2"
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [ghc-ppa-tools,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-7.4.2], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-7.6.3"
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [ghc-ppa-tools,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-7.6.3], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-7.8.4"
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [ghc-ppa-tools,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-7.8.4], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-7.10.3"
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [ghc-ppa-tools,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-7.10.3], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-8.0.2"
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [ghc-ppa-tools,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-8.0.2], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-8.2.2"
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [ghc-ppa-tools,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-8.2.2], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-8.4.1"
+      env: GHCHEAD=true
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [ghc-ppa-tools,cabal-install-head,ghc-8.4.1], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-head"
+      env: GHCHEAD=true
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [ghc-ppa-tools,cabal-install-head,ghc-head], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+
+  allow_failures:
+    - compiler: "ghc-8.4.1"
+    - compiler: "ghc-head"
+
+before_install:
+  - HC=${CC}
+  - HCVER=${HC/ghc-/}
+  - HCPKG=${HC/ghc/ghc-pkg}
+  - unset CC
+  - ROOTDIR=$(pwd)
+  - mkdir -p $HOME/.local/bin
+  - "PATH=/opt/ghc/bin:/opt/ghc-ppa-tools/bin:$HOME/local/bin:$PATH"
+  - HCNUMVER=$(( $(${HC} --numeric-version|sed -E 's/([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+).*/\1 * 10000 + \2 * 100 + \3/') ))
+  - echo $HCNUMVER
+
+install:
+  - cabal --version
+  - echo "$(${HC} --version) [$(${HC} --print-project-git-commit-id 2> /dev/null || echo '?')]"
+  - BENCH=${BENCH---enable-benchmarks}
+  - TEST=${TEST---enable-tests}
+  - |
+    if dpkg --compare-versions "${HCVER}" lt "7.10"; then
+      HADDOCK=${HADDOCK-true}
+    else # Nothing to do
+      HADDOCK=${HADDOCK-false}
+    fi
+  - INSTALLED=${INSTALLED-true}
+  - GHCHEAD=${GHCHEAD-false}
+  - travis_retry cabal update -v
+  - "sed -i.bak 's/^jobs:/-- jobs:/' ${HOME}/.cabal/config"
+  - rm -fv cabal.project cabal.project.local
+  # Overlay Hackage Package Index for GHC HEAD: https://github.com/hvr/head.hackage
+  - |
+    if $GHCHEAD; then
+      sed -i.bak 's/-- allow-newer:.*/allow-newer: *:base, *:template-haskell, *:ghc, *:Cabal/' ${HOME}/.cabal/config
+
+      echo 'repository head.hackage'                                                        >> ${HOME}/.cabal/config
+      echo '   url: http://head.hackage.haskell.org/'                                       >> ${HOME}/.cabal/config
+      echo '   secure: True'                                                                >> ${HOME}/.cabal/config
+      echo '   root-keys: 07c59cb65787dedfaef5bd5f987ceb5f7e5ebf88b904bbd4c5cbdeb2ff71b740' >> ${HOME}/.cabal/config
+      echo '              2e8555dde16ebd8df076f1a8ef13b8f14c66bad8eafefd7d9e37d0ed711821fb' >> ${HOME}/.cabal/config
+      echo '              8f79fd2389ab2967354407ec852cbe73f2e8635793ac446d09461ffb99527f6e' >> ${HOME}/.cabal/config
+      echo '   key-threshold: 3'                                                            >> ${HOME}/.cabal.config
+
+      cabal new-update head.hackage -v
+    fi
+  - grep -Ev -- '^\s*--' ${HOME}/.cabal/config | grep -Ev '^\s*$'
+  - "printf 'packages: \".\"\\n' > cabal.project"
+  - cat cabal.project
+  - if [ -f "./configure.ac" ]; then
+      (cd "." && autoreconf -i);
+    fi
+  - rm -f cabal.project.freeze
+  - cabal new-build -w ${HC} ${TEST} ${BENCH} --project-file="cabal.project" --dep -j2 all
+  - rm -rf "."/.ghc.environment.* "."/dist
+  - DISTDIR=$(mktemp -d /tmp/dist-test.XXXX)
+
+# Here starts the actual work to be performed for the package under test;
+# any command which exits with a non-zero exit code causes the build to fail.
+script:
+  # test that source-distributions can be generated
+  - (cd "." && cabal sdist)
+  - mv "."/dist/nats-*.tar.gz ${DISTDIR}/
+  - cd ${DISTDIR} || false
+  - find . -maxdepth 1 -name '*.tar.gz' -exec tar -xvf '{}' \;
+  - "printf 'packages: nats-*/*.cabal\\n' > cabal.project"
+  - cat cabal.project
+
+
+  # build & run tests, build benchmarks
+  - cabal new-build -w ${HC} ${TEST} ${BENCH} all
+
+  # cabal check
+  - (cd nats-* && cabal check)
+
+  # haddock
+  - rm -rf ./dist-newstyle
+  - if $HADDOCK; then cabal new-haddock -w ${HC} ${TEST} ${BENCH} all; else echo "Skipping haddock generation";fi
+
+# REGENDATA ["-o",".travis.yml","--irc-channel=irc.freenode.org#haskell-lens","--no-no-tests-no-bench","--no-installed","cabal.project"]
+# EOF
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.markdown b/CHANGELOG.markdown
--- a/CHANGELOG.markdown
+++ b/CHANGELOG.markdown
@@ -1,3 +1,24 @@
+1.1.2 [2018-02-06]
+------------------
+* Don't enable `Safe` on GHC 7.2.
+
+1.1.1
+-----
+* Backported a more efficient `Binary` instance for `Nat`
+* Allow `binary-0.8`
+
+1.1
+---
+* Backported `Lift` instances.
+
+1.0
+---
+* Make `nats` a compat-package since `Numeric.Natural` moved to `base-4.8.0.0`.
+
+0.2.1
+-----
+* Better `readsPrec` handling when you try to feed it a negative number. Not it is a failed parse rather than an error.
+
 0.2
 ---
 * Added `Hashable` and `Data` support.
diff --git a/README.markdown b/README.markdown
--- a/README.markdown
+++ b/README.markdown
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 nats
 ====
 
-[![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/ekmett/nats.png?branch=master)](http://travis-ci.org/ekmett/nats)
+[![Hackage](https://img.shields.io/hackage/v/nats.svg)](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/nats)
+[![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/ekmett/nats.svg?branch=master)](http://travis-ci.org/ekmett/nats)
 
 Haskell 98 natural numbers
 
diff --git a/nats.cabal b/nats.cabal
--- a/nats.cabal
+++ b/nats.cabal
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 name:          nats
 category:      Numeric, Algebra
-version:       0.2
+version:       1.1.2
 license:       BSD3
 cabal-version: >= 1.10
 license-file:  LICENSE
@@ -11,8 +11,17 @@
 bug-reports:   http://github.com/ekmett/nats/issues
 copyright:     Copyright (C) 2011-2014 Edward A. Kmett
 synopsis:      Natural numbers
-description:   Natural numbers
+description:   Natural numbers.
 build-type:    Simple
+tested-with:   GHC == 7.0.4
+             , GHC == 7.2.2
+             , GHC == 7.4.2
+             , GHC == 7.6.3
+             , GHC == 7.8.4
+             , GHC == 7.10.3
+             , GHC == 8.0.2
+             , GHC == 8.2.2
+             , GHC == 8.4.1
 extra-source-files:
   .ghci
   .gitignore
@@ -31,20 +40,50 @@
     .
     Disabling this is an unsupported configuration, but it may be useful for accelerating builds in sandboxes for expert users.
     .
-    If set we will not supply an instance of `Hashable`
+    If disabled we will not supply an instance of `Hashable`.
   default: True
   manual: True
 
+flag binary
+  description:
+    You can disable the use of the `binary` package using `-f-binary`.
+    .
+    Disabling this is an unsupported configuration, but it may be useful for accelerating builds in sandboxes for expert users.
+    .
+    If disabled we will not supply an instance of `Binary`.
+  default: True
+  manual: True
+
+flag template-haskell
+  description:
+    You can disable the use of the `template-haskell` package using `-f-template-haskell`.
+    .
+    Disabling this is an unsupported configuration, but it may be useful for accelerating builds in sandboxes for expert users.
+    .
+    If disabled we will not supply an instance of `Lift`.
+  default: True
+  manual: True
+
 library
   default-language: Haskell98
-  hs-source-dirs: src
-  ghc-options: -Wall
+  if impl(ghc<7)
+    -- {-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-} is only understood starting w/ GHC-7.0
+    default-extensions: DeriveDataTypeable
 
-  exposed-modules:
-    Numeric.Natural
-    Numeric.Natural.Internal
+  if impl(ghc<7.9)
+    -- Starting with GHC 7.10/base-4.8, "Numeric.Natural" lives in `base`
+    hs-source-dirs: src
+    exposed-modules: Numeric.Natural
+    ghc-options: -Wall
 
-  build-depends: base >= 2 && < 10
+    -- the needlessly relaxed bound here is to due to stack shenanigans
+    build-depends: base >= 2 && < 5
 
-  if flag(hashable)
-    build-depends: hashable >= 1.1 && < 1.3
+    if flag(binary)
+      build-depends: binary >= 0.2 && < 0.9
+
+    if flag(template-haskell)
+      build-depends: template-haskell >= 2.2 && < 2.12
+
+    if flag(hashable)
+      build-depends: hashable >= 1.1 && < 1.3
diff --git a/src/Numeric/Natural.hs b/src/Numeric/Natural.hs
--- a/src/Numeric/Natural.hs
+++ b/src/Numeric/Natural.hs
@@ -1,7 +1,27 @@
+{-# LANGUAGE CPP #-}
+
+#ifdef __GLASGOW_HASKELL__
+#define LANGUAGE_DeriveDataTypeable
+{-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MIN_VERSION_base
+#define MIN_VERSION_base(x,y,z) 1
+#endif
+
+#if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ >= 702
+#if defined(MIN_VERSION_hashable) || defined(MIN_VERSION_template_haskell) \
+                                  || __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ == 702
+{-# LANGUAGE Trustworthy #-}
+#else
+{-# LANGUAGE Safe #-}
+#endif
+#endif
+
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- |
 -- Module      :  Numeric.Natural
--- Copyright   :  (C) 2011 Edward Kmett,
+-- Copyright   :  (C) 2011-2014 Edward Kmett,
 -- License     :  BSD-style (see the file LICENSE)
 --
 -- Maintainer  :  Edward Kmett <ekmett@gmail.com>
@@ -10,11 +30,247 @@
 --
 -- Natural numbers.
 --
+-- The "Numeric.Natural" module has become part of `base` starting
+-- with `base-4.8.0.0`.
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-module Numeric.Natural
-  ( Natural
-  , Whole(toNatural)
-  , natural
-  ) where
+module Numeric.Natural ( Natural ) where
 
-import Numeric.Natural.Internal
+import Control.Exception ( throw, ArithException(Underflow) )
+
+#ifdef MIN_VERSION_binary
+import Control.Monad (liftM)
+import Data.Binary (Binary(..), Get, Word8, Word64, putWord8)
+import Data.List (foldl', unfoldr)
+#endif
+
+import Data.Bits
+import Data.Ix
+
+#ifdef LANGUAGE_DeriveDataTypeable
+import Data.Data
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MIN_VERSION_hashable
+import Data.Hashable
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MIN_VERSION_template_haskell
+import Language.Haskell.TH.Syntax (Lift(..), Exp(LitE), Lit(IntegerL))
+#endif
+
+#if MIN_VERSION_base(4,7,0) && !(MIN_VERSION_base(4,8,0))
+import Text.Printf (PrintfArg(..), formatInteger)
+#endif
+
+-- | Type representing arbitrary-precision non-negative integers.
+--
+-- Operations whose result would be negative
+-- @'throw' ('Underflow' :: 'ArithException')@.
+--
+-- The 'Natural' type has become part of `base` starting with
+-- `base-4.8.0.0`.
+newtype Natural = Natural { runNatural :: Integer } deriving
+  ( Eq
+  , Ord
+  , Ix
+#ifdef LANGUAGE_DeriveDataTypeable
+  , Typeable
+#endif
+  )
+
+#ifdef MIN_VERSION_hashable
+instance Hashable Natural where
+#if MIN_VERSION_hashable(1,2,0)
+  hashWithSalt p (Natural a) = hashWithSalt p a
+#else
+  hash (Natural a) = hash a
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef LANGUAGE_DeriveDataTypeable
+-- This follows the same style as the other integral 'Data' instances
+-- defined in "Data.Data"
+naturalType :: DataType
+naturalType = mkIntType "Numeric.Natural.Natural"
+
+instance Data Natural where
+  toConstr x = mkIntegralConstr naturalType x
+  gunfold _ z c = case constrRep c of
+                    IntConstr x -> z (fromIntegral x)
+                    _ -> error $ "Data.Data.gunfold: Constructor " ++ show c
+                                 ++ " is not of type Natural"
+  dataTypeOf _ = naturalType
+#endif
+
+instance Show Natural where
+  showsPrec d (Natural n) = showsPrec d n
+
+instance Read Natural where
+  readsPrec d = map (\(n, s) -> (Natural n, s)) . filter ((>= 0) . fst) . readsPrec d
+
+instance Num Natural where
+  Natural n + Natural m = Natural (n + m)
+  {-# INLINE (+) #-}
+  Natural n * Natural m = Natural (n * m)
+  {-# INLINE (*) #-}
+  Natural n - Natural m | result < 0 = throw Underflow
+                        | otherwise  = Natural result
+    where result = n - m
+  {-# INLINE (-) #-}
+  abs (Natural n) = Natural n
+  {-# INLINE abs #-}
+  signum (Natural n) = Natural (signum n)
+  {-# INLINE signum #-}
+  fromInteger n
+    | n >= 0 = Natural n
+    | otherwise = throw Underflow
+  {-# INLINE fromInteger #-}
+
+instance Bits Natural where
+  Natural n .&. Natural m = Natural (n .&. m)
+  {-# INLINE (.&.) #-}
+  Natural n .|. Natural m = Natural (n .|. m)
+  {-# INLINE (.|.) #-}
+  xor (Natural n) (Natural m) = Natural (xor n m)
+  {-# INLINE xor #-}
+  complement _ = error "Bits.complement: Natural complement undefined"
+  {-# INLINE complement #-}
+  shift (Natural n) = Natural . shift n
+  {-# INLINE shift #-}
+  rotate (Natural n) = Natural . rotate n
+  {-# INLINE rotate #-}
+  bit = Natural . bit
+  {-# INLINE bit #-}
+  setBit (Natural n) = Natural . setBit n
+  {-# INLINE setBit #-}
+  clearBit (Natural n) = Natural . clearBit n
+  {-# INLINE clearBit #-}
+  complementBit (Natural n) = Natural . complementBit n
+  {-# INLINE complementBit #-}
+  testBit = testBit . runNatural
+  {-# INLINE testBit #-}
+#if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ >= 707
+  bitSizeMaybe _ = Nothing
+  {-# INLINE bitSizeMaybe #-}
+#endif
+  bitSize = error "Natural: bitSize"
+  {-# INLINE bitSize #-}
+  isSigned _ = False
+  {-# INLINE isSigned #-}
+  shiftL (Natural n) = Natural . shiftL n
+  {-# INLINE shiftL #-}
+  shiftR (Natural n) = Natural . shiftR n
+  {-# INLINE shiftR #-}
+  rotateL (Natural n) = Natural . rotateL n
+  {-# INLINE rotateL #-}
+  rotateR (Natural n) = Natural . rotateR n
+  {-# INLINE rotateR #-}
+#if MIN_VERSION_base(4,6,0)
+  popCount = popCountDefault
+  {-# INLINE popCount #-}
+#endif
+
+instance Real Natural where
+  toRational (Natural a) = toRational a
+  {-# INLINE toRational #-}
+
+instance Enum Natural where
+  pred (Natural 0) = throw Underflow
+  pred (Natural n) = Natural (pred n)
+  {-# INLINE pred #-}
+  succ (Natural n) = Natural (succ n)
+  {-# INLINE succ #-}
+  fromEnum (Natural n) = fromEnum n
+  {-# INLINE fromEnum #-}
+  toEnum n | n < 0     = error "Natural.toEnum: negative"
+           | otherwise = Natural (toEnum n)
+  {-# INLINE toEnum #-}
+
+  enumFrom = map Natural . enumFrom . runNatural
+
+  enumFromThen x y
+    | x <= y    = map Natural (enumFromThen   (runNatural x) (runNatural y))
+    | otherwise = map Natural (enumFromThenTo (runNatural x) (runNatural y) 0)
+
+  enumFromTo x y = map Natural (enumFromTo (runNatural x) (runNatural y))
+
+  enumFromThenTo x x1 y
+    = map Natural (enumFromThenTo (runNatural x) (runNatural x1) (runNatural y))
+
+{- NOTE: Using "Data.Coerce", we could instead say:
+
+  enumFrom      = coerce (enumFrom     :: Integer -> [Integer])
+  enumFromThen x y
+    | x <= y    = coerce (enumFromThen :: Integer -> Integer -> [Integer]) x y
+    | otherwise = enumFromThenTo x y 0
+
+  enumFromTo    = coerce (enumFromTo   :: Integer -> Integer -> [Integer])
+  enumFromThenTo
+    = coerce (enumFromThenTo :: Integer -> Integer -> Integer -> [Integer])
+-}
+
+instance Integral Natural where
+  quot (Natural a) (Natural b) = Natural (quot a b)
+  {-# INLINE quot #-}
+  rem (Natural a) (Natural b) = Natural (rem a b)
+  {-# INLINE rem #-}
+  div (Natural a) (Natural b) = Natural (div a b)
+  {-# INLINE div #-}
+  mod (Natural a) (Natural b) = Natural (mod a b)
+  {-# INLINE mod #-}
+  divMod (Natural a) (Natural b) = (Natural q, Natural r) where (q,r) = divMod a b
+  {-# INLINE divMod #-}
+  quotRem (Natural a) (Natural b) = (Natural q, Natural r) where (q,r) = quotRem a b
+  {-# INLINE quotRem #-}
+  toInteger = runNatural
+  {-# INLINE toInteger #-}
+
+#if MIN_VERSION_base(4,7,0) && !(MIN_VERSION_base(4,8,0))
+instance PrintfArg Natural where
+  formatArg     = formatInteger . toInteger
+  parseFormat _ = parseFormat (undefined :: Integer)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MIN_VERSION_binary
+--
+-- Fold and unfold an Integer to and from a list of its bytes
+--
+unroll :: (Integral a, Bits a) => a -> [Word8]
+unroll = unfoldr step
+  where
+    step 0 = Nothing
+    step i = Just (fromIntegral i, i `shiftR` 8)
+
+roll :: (Integral a, Bits a) => [Word8] -> a
+roll   = foldl' unstep 0 . reverse
+  where
+    unstep a b = a `shiftL` 8 .|. fromIntegral b
+
+-- Fixed-size type for a subset of Natural
+type NaturalWord = Word64
+
+instance Binary Natural where
+    {-# INLINE put #-}
+    put n | n <= hi = do
+        putWord8 0
+        put (fromIntegral n :: NaturalWord)  -- fast path
+     where
+        hi = fromIntegral (maxBound :: NaturalWord) :: Natural
+
+    put n = do
+        putWord8 1
+        put (unroll (abs n))         -- unroll the bytes
+
+    {-# INLINE get #-}
+    get = do
+        tag <- get :: Get Word8
+        case tag of
+            0 -> liftM fromIntegral (get :: Get NaturalWord)
+            _ -> do bytes <- get
+                    return $! roll bytes
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MIN_VERSION_template_haskell
+instance Lift Natural where
+    lift x = return (LitE (IntegerL (fromIntegral x)))
+#endif
diff --git a/src/Numeric/Natural/Internal.hs b/src/Numeric/Natural/Internal.hs
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/src/Numeric/Natural/Internal.hs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,229 +0,0 @@
-{-# LANGUAGE CPP #-}
-
-#ifdef __GLASGOW_HASKELL__
-#define LANGUAGE_DeriveDataTypeable
-{-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-}
-#endif
-
-#ifndef MIN_VERSION_base
-#define MIN_VERSION_base(x,y,z) 1
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__GLASGOW_HASKELL__) && __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ >= 702
-#ifdef MIN_VERSION_hashable
-{-# LANGUAGE Trustworthy #-}
-#else
-{-# LANGUAGE Safe #-}
-#endif
-#endif
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- |
--- Module      :  Numeric.Natural.Internal
--- Copyright   :  (C) 2011-2014 Edward Kmett,
--- License     :  BSD-style (see the file LICENSE)
---
--- Maintainer  :  Edward Kmett <ekmett@gmail.com>
--- Stability   :  provisional
--- Portability :  portable
---
--- This module exposes the potentially unsafe operations that are sometimes
--- needed for efficiency: The Natural data constructor and unsafePred.
---
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-module Numeric.Natural.Internal
-  ( Natural(..)
-  , Whole(..)
-  , natural
-  ) where
-
-import Data.Word
-import Data.Bits
-import Data.Ix
-#ifdef LANGUAGE_DeriveDataTypeable
-import Data.Data
-#endif
-#ifdef MIN_VERSION_hashable
-import Data.Hashable
-#endif
-
-newtype Natural = Natural { runNatural :: Integer } deriving
-  ( Eq
-  , Ord
-  , Ix
-#ifdef LANGUAGE_DeriveDataTypeable
-  , Typeable
-#endif
-  )
-
-#ifdef MIN_VERSION_hashable
-instance Hashable Natural where
-#if MIN_VERSION_hashable(1,2,0)
-  hashWithSalt p (Natural a) = hashWithSalt p a
-#else
-  hash (Natural a) = hash a
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#ifdef LANGUAGE_DeriveDataTypeable
-instance Data Natural where
-  gfoldl f z (Natural n) = z fromInteger `f` n
-  gunfold k z c = case constrIndex c of
-    1 -> k (z fromInteger)
-    _ -> error "Natural: gunfold: bad constructor"
-  toConstr _     = fromIntegerConstr
-  dataTypeOf _   = naturalDataType
-
-fromIntegerConstr :: Constr
-fromIntegerConstr = mkConstr naturalDataType "fromInteger" [] Prefix
-
-naturalDataType :: DataType
-naturalDataType = mkDataType "Numeric.Natural.Internal.Natural" [fromIntegerConstr]
-#endif
-
--- | Church decoding
-natural :: a -> (a -> a) -> Natural -> a
-natural a _ 0 = a
-natural a f n = natural (f a) f (unsafePred n)
-{-# INLINEABLE natural #-}
-
-instance Show Natural where
-  showsPrec d (Natural n) = showsPrec d n
-
-instance Read Natural where
-  readsPrec d = map (\(n, s) -> (Natural n, s)) . readsPrec d
-
-instance Num Natural where
-  Natural n + Natural m = Natural (n + m)
-  {-# INLINE (+) #-}
-  Natural n * Natural m = Natural (n * m)
-  {-# INLINE (*) #-}
-  Natural n - Natural m | result < 0 = error "Natural.(-): negative result"
-                        | otherwise  = Natural result
-    where result = n - m
-  {-# INLINE (-) #-}
-  abs (Natural n) = Natural n
-  {-# INLINE abs #-}
-  signum (Natural n) = Natural (signum n)
-  {-# INLINE signum #-}
-  fromInteger n
-    | n >= 0 = Natural n
-    | otherwise = error "Natural.fromInteger: negative"
-  {-# INLINE fromInteger #-}
-
-instance Bits Natural where
-  Natural n .&. Natural m = Natural (n .&. m)
-  {-# INLINE (.&.) #-}
-  Natural n .|. Natural m = Natural (n .|. m)
-  {-# INLINE (.|.) #-}
-  xor (Natural n) (Natural m) = Natural (xor n m)
-  {-# INLINE xor #-}
-  complement _ = error "Bits.complement: Natural complement undefined"
-  {-# INLINE complement #-}
-  shift (Natural n) = Natural . shift n
-  {-# INLINE shift #-}
-  rotate (Natural n) = Natural . rotate n
-  {-# INLINE rotate #-}
-  bit = Natural . bit
-  {-# INLINE bit #-}
-  setBit (Natural n) = Natural . setBit n
-  {-# INLINE setBit #-}
-  clearBit (Natural n) = Natural . clearBit n
-  {-# INLINE clearBit #-}
-  complementBit (Natural n) = Natural . complementBit n
-  {-# INLINE complementBit #-}
-  testBit = testBit . runNatural
-  {-# INLINE testBit #-}
-#if defined(__GLASGOW_HASKELL__) && __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ >= 707
-  bitSizeMaybe _ = Nothing
-  {-# INLINE bitSizeMaybe #-}
-#endif
-  bitSize = error "Natural: bitSize"
-  {-# INLINE bitSize #-}
-  isSigned _ = False
-  {-# INLINE isSigned #-}
-  shiftL (Natural n) = Natural . shiftL n
-  {-# INLINE shiftL #-}
-  shiftR (Natural n) = Natural . shiftR n
-  {-# INLINE shiftR #-}
-  rotateL (Natural n) = Natural . rotateL n
-  {-# INLINE rotateL #-}
-  rotateR (Natural n) = Natural . rotateR n
-  {-# INLINE rotateR #-}
-#if MIN_VERSION_base(4,6,0)
-  popCount = popCountDefault
-  {-# INLINE popCount #-}
-#endif
-
-instance Real Natural where
-  toRational (Natural a) = toRational a
-  {-# INLINE toRational #-}
-
-instance Enum Natural where
-  pred (Natural 0) = error "Natural.pred: 0"
-  pred (Natural n) = Natural (pred n)
-  {-# INLINE pred #-}
-  succ (Natural n) = Natural (succ n)
-  {-# INLINE succ #-}
-  fromEnum (Natural n) = fromEnum n
-  {-# INLINE fromEnum #-}
-  toEnum n | n < 0     = error "Natural.toEnum: negative"
-           | otherwise = Natural (toEnum n)
-  {-# INLINE toEnum #-}
-
-instance Integral Natural where
-  quot (Natural a) (Natural b) = Natural (quot a b)
-  {-# INLINE quot #-}
-  rem (Natural a) (Natural b) = Natural (rem a b)
-  {-# INLINE rem #-}
-  div (Natural a) (Natural b) = Natural (div a b)
-  {-# INLINE div #-}
-  mod (Natural a) (Natural b) = Natural (mod a b)
-  {-# INLINE mod #-}
-  divMod (Natural a) (Natural b) = (Natural q, Natural r) where (q,r) = divMod a b
-  {-# INLINE divMod #-}
-  quotRem (Natural a) (Natural b) = (Natural q, Natural r) where (q,r) = quotRem a b
-  {-# INLINE quotRem #-}
-  toInteger = runNatural
-  {-# INLINE toInteger #-}
-
--- | A refinement of 'Integral' to represent types that do not contain negative numbers.
-class Integral n => Whole n where
-  toNatural :: n -> Natural
-  unsafePred :: n -> n
-
-instance Whole Word where
-  toNatural = Natural . toInteger
-  unsafePred n = n - 1
-  {-# INLINE toNatural #-}
-  {-# INLINE unsafePred #-}
-
-instance Whole Word8 where
-  toNatural = Natural . toInteger
-  unsafePred n = n - 1
-  {-# INLINE toNatural #-}
-  {-# INLINE unsafePred #-}
-
-instance Whole Word16 where
-  toNatural = Natural . toInteger
-  unsafePred n = n - 1
-  {-# INLINE toNatural #-}
-  {-# INLINE unsafePred #-}
-
-instance Whole Word32 where
-  toNatural = Natural . toInteger
-  unsafePred n = n - 1
-  {-# INLINE toNatural #-}
-  {-# INLINE unsafePred #-}
-
-instance Whole Word64 where
-  toNatural = Natural . toInteger
-  unsafePred n = n - 1
-  {-# INLINE toNatural #-}
-  {-# INLINE unsafePred #-}
-
-instance Whole Natural where
-  toNatural = id
-  unsafePred (Natural n) = Natural (n - 1)
-  {-# INLINE toNatural #-}
-  {-# INLINE unsafePred #-}