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monad-ran (empty) → 0.0.9

raw patch · 4 files changed

+904/−0 lines, 4 filesdep +basedep +ghc-primdep +mtlsetup-changed

Dependencies added: base, ghc-prim, mtl

Files

+ Control/Monad/Ran.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,845 @@+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes, FlexibleInstances, FlexibleContexts, TypeFamilies, MultiParamTypeClasses, MagicHash, UnboxedTuples, UndecidableInstances, TypeSynonymInstances, TypeOperators  #-}+-- Finding the right Kan extension++module Control.Monad.Ran +    ( -- * A right Kan extension monad transformer+      Ran(..)+      -- * Representing monads as right Kan extensions+    , RApplicative+    , RMonad+    , RanIso+    , G+    , H+    , liftRan+    , lowerRan+      -- * Ran Monad Transformers+    , RanTrans+    , liftRanT+    , outRan+    , inRan+      -- * Default definitions for common extension patterns+    , returnRanCodensity+    , bindRanCodensity+    , apRanCodensity+    , ranCodensity+    , codensityRan+    , liftRanCodensity+    , lowerRanCodensity+      -- * IO, ST s, STM+    , liftRanWorld+    , lowerRanWorld+      -- * Pointed Functors+    , Pointed(..)+      -- * The Yoneda Lemma+    , Yoneda(..)+    , lowerYoneda+      -- * The codensity monad of a functor+    , Codensity(..)+    , lowerCodensity+    , lowerCodensityApp+    , lowerCodensityPointed+    ) where++import Control.Applicative++import Control.Monad+import Control.Monad.Identity+import Control.Monad.Cont+import Control.Monad.State+import Control.Monad.List+import Control.Monad.Error+import Control.Monad.Reader+import Control.Monad.Writer+import Control.Monad.RWS++import qualified Control.Monad.Writer.Strict as SW+import qualified Control.Monad.State.Strict as SS+import qualified Control.Monad.RWS.Strict as SR++import Data.Monoid+import Data.Maybe (maybe)++import GHC.Prim+import GHC.IOBase hiding (liftIO)+import GHC.Conc+import GHC.ST++import Text.Read hiding (get, lift)+import Text.Show++-- | A right Kan extension transformer for a monad+data Ran m a = Ran { getRan :: forall b. (a -> G m b) -> H m b } ++class RanIso f where+    type G f :: * -> *+    type H f :: * -> *+    liftRan  :: f a -> Ran f a+    lowerRan :: Ran f a -> f a++class RanTrans t where+    liftRanT :: (RanIso m, RanIso (t m)) => Ran m a -> Ran (t m) a+    outRan :: (RanIso m, RanIso (t m)) => Ran (t m) a -> t (Ran m) a+    inRan :: (RanIso m, RanIso (t m)) => t (Ran m) a -> Ran (t m) a++instance RanIso f => Functor (Ran f) where+    fmap f m = Ran (\k -> getRan m (k . f))++class (Monad (Ran f), Monad f, RanIso f) => RMonad f +instance (Monad (Ran f), Monad f, RanIso f) => RMonad f++class (Applicative (Ran f), Applicative f, RanIso f) => RApplicative f +instance (Applicative (Ran f), Applicative f, RanIso f) => RApplicative f++returnRanCodensity :: (RanIso m, G m ~ H m) => a -> Ran m a+returnRanCodensity a = Ran (\k -> k a)++bindRanCodensity :: (RanIso m, G m ~ H m) => Ran m a -> (a -> Ran m b) -> Ran m b+bindRanCodensity (Ran m) k = Ran (\c -> m (\a -> getRan (k a) c))++apRanCodensity :: (RanIso m, G m ~ H m) => Ran m (a -> b) -> Ran m a -> Ran m b+apRanCodensity (Ran f) (Ran x) = Ran (\k -> f (\f' -> x (\x' -> k (f' x'))))++liftRanCodensity :: (RanIso m, G m ~ H m, Monad (G m)) => G m a -> Ran m a+liftRanCodensity f = Ran (f >>=)++lowerRanCodensity :: (RanIso m, G m ~ H m, Monad (G m)) => Ran m a -> G m a +lowerRanCodensity (Ran f) = f return++mfixRanCodensity :: (RanIso m, G m ~ H m, MonadFix (G m)) => (a -> Ran m a) -> Ran m a+mfixRanCodensity f = liftRanCodensity $ mfix (lowerRanCodensity . f)++mfixRan :: (RanIso m, MonadFix m) => (a -> Ran m a) -> Ran m a+mfixRan f = liftRan $ mfix (lowerRan . f)++-- | Yoneda Identity a ~ Codensity Identity a ~ forall o. (a -> o) -> o+instance RanIso Identity where+    type G Identity = Identity+    type H Identity = Identity+    liftRan m = Ran (m >>=)+    lowerRan  = flip getRan Identity++instance Pointed (Ran Identity) where+    point = returnRanCodensity++instance Applicative (Ran Identity) where+    pure = returnRanCodensity+    (<*>) = apRanCodensity++instance Monad (Ran Identity) where+    return = returnRanCodensity+    (>>=) = bindRanCodensity++instance Eq a => Eq (Ran Identity a) where+    Ran f == Ran g = runIdentity (f Identity) == runIdentity (g Identity)++instance Ord a => Ord (Ran Identity a) where+    Ran f `compare` Ran g = runIdentity (f Identity) `compare` runIdentity (g Identity)++instance Show a => Show (Ran Identity a) where+    showsPrec d (Ran f) = showParen (d > 10) $+        showString "return " . showsPrec 11 (runIdentity (f Identity))+    +instance Read a => Read (Ran Identity a) where+    readPrec = parens $ prec 10 $ do+        Ident "return" <- lexP+        m <- step readPrec+        return (return m)++-- State s a ~ Codensity (Reader s) a ~ forall o. (a -> s -> o) -> s -> o+instance RanIso (State s) where+    type G (State s) = (->) s+    type H (State s) = (->) s+    liftRan (State g)  = Ran (\f -> uncurry f . g)+    lowerRan (Ran f)  = State (f (,))++instance Pointed (Ran (State s)) where+    point = returnRanCodensity++instance Applicative (Ran (State s)) where+    pure = returnRanCodensity+    (<*>) = apRanCodensity++instance Monad (Ran (State s)) where+    return = returnRanCodensity+    (>>=) = bindRanCodensity++instance MonadState s (Ran (State s)) where+    get = Ran (\k s -> k s s)+    put s = Ran (\k _ -> k () s)++-- Embedded into CPS'd State rather than directly to avoid superfluous 'mappend mempty' calls for expensive monoids+-- forall o. (a -> w -> o) -> w -> o+instance Monoid w => RanIso (Writer w) where+    type G (Writer w) = (->) w+    type H (Writer w) = (->) w+    liftRan (Writer (a,w')) = Ran (\f w -> f a (w `mappend` w'))+    lowerRan (Ran f) = Writer (f (,) mempty)++instance Monoid w => Pointed (Ran (Writer w)) where+    point = returnRanCodensity++instance Monoid w => Applicative (Ran (Writer w)) where+    pure = returnRanCodensity+    (<*>) = apRanCodensity++instance Monoid w => Monad (Ran (Writer w)) where+    return = returnRanCodensity+    (>>=) = bindRanCodensity++instance Monoid w => MonadWriter w (Ran (Writer w)) where+    tell w'        = Ran (\f w -> f () (w `mappend` w'))+    listen (Ran f) = Ran (\g -> f (\a w -> g (a,w) w))+    pass (Ran f)   = Ran (\g -> f (\(a,p) w -> g a (p w)))++newtype World w a = World { runWorld :: State# w -> a } ++liftRanWorld :: (G m ~ World w, H m ~ World w) => (State# w -> (# State# w, a #)) -> Ran m a+liftRanWorld f = Ran (\k -> World (\w -> case f w of (# w', a #) -> runWorld (k a) w'))++-- homegrown STret with flopped arguments+data STret' s a = STret' a (State# s)++lowerRanWorld :: (G m ~ World w, H m ~ World w) => Ran m a -> State# w -> (# State# w, a #)+lowerRanWorld (Ran r) w = case runWorld (r (World . STret')) w of +    STret' b w'' -> (# w'', b #)++-- Represent IO as the codensity of the RealWorld+instance RanIso IO where+    type G IO = World RealWorld+    type H IO = World RealWorld+    liftRan (IO a) = liftRanWorld a+    lowerRan a     = IO (lowerRanWorld a)++instance Applicative (Ran IO) where+    pure = returnRanCodensity+    (<*>) = apRanCodensity++instance Monad (Ran IO) where+    return = returnRanCodensity+    (>>=) = bindRanCodensity++instance MonadIO (Ran IO) where+    liftIO = liftRan++instance MonadPlus (Ran IO) where+    mzero = liftIO mzero+    m `mplus` n = m `catchError` const n++instance MonadError IOError (Ran IO) where+    throwError = liftIO . ioError+    catchError m h = liftRan (lowerRan m `catch` (lowerRan . h))++instance MonadFix (Ran IO) where+    mfix = mfixRan++-- Represent ST s as the codensity of the world s+instance RanIso (ST s) where+    type G (ST s) = World s+    type H (ST s) = World s+    liftRan (ST s) = liftRanWorld s+    lowerRan r     = ST (lowerRanWorld r)++instance Applicative (Ran (ST s)) where+    pure = returnRanCodensity+    (<*>) = apRanCodensity++instance Monad (Ran (ST s)) where+    return = returnRanCodensity+    (>>=) = bindRanCodensity++instance MonadFix (Ran (ST s)) where+    mfix f = liftRan $ fixST (lowerRan . f)++-- todo make a MonadST class++-- Represent STM as the codensity of the RealWorld+instance RanIso STM where+    type G STM = World RealWorld+    type H STM = World RealWorld+    liftRan (STM s) = liftRanWorld s+    lowerRan r = STM (lowerRanWorld r)++instance Applicative (Ran STM) where+    pure = returnRanCodensity+    (<*>) = apRanCodensity++instance Monad (Ran STM) where+    return = returnRanCodensity+    (>>=) = bindRanCodensity++-- why is there no MonadFix instance for STM?+-- TODO: make a MonadSTM class++-- Yoneda-like embeddings++-- Yoneda lemma as a right Kan extension along the identity functor+instance RanIso (Yoneda f) where+    type G (Yoneda f) = Identity+    type H (Yoneda f) = f+    liftRan (Yoneda f) = Ran (\b -> f (runIdentity . b))+    lowerRan (Ran f) = Yoneda (\b -> f (Identity . b))++ranYoneda :: Ran (Yoneda f) a -> Yoneda f a+ranYoneda = lowerRan++yonedaRan :: Yoneda f a -> Ran (Yoneda f) a+yonedaRan = liftRan++instance Pointed f => Pointed (Ran (Yoneda f)) where+    point = liftRan . point++instance Applicative f => Applicative (Ran (Yoneda f)) where+    pure = liftRan . pure+    m <*> n = liftRan (lowerRan m <*> lowerRan n)++instance Alternative f => Alternative (Ran (Yoneda f)) where+    empty = liftRan empty+    m <|> n = liftRan (lowerRan m <|> lowerRan n) ++instance Monad f => Monad (Ran (Yoneda f)) where+    return = liftRan . return+    m >>= k = liftRan (lowerRan m >>= lowerRan . k)++instance MonadPlus f => MonadPlus (Ran (Yoneda f)) where+    mzero = liftRan mzero+    m `mplus` n = liftRan (lowerRan m `mplus` lowerRan n)++instance MonadReader r f => MonadReader r (Ran (Yoneda f)) where+    ask = liftRan ask+    local f = liftRan . local f . lowerRan++instance MonadWriter w f => MonadWriter w (Ran (Yoneda f)) where+    tell = liftRan . tell+    listen = liftRan . listen . lowerRan+    pass = liftRan . pass . lowerRan++instance MonadState s f => MonadState s (Ran (Yoneda f)) where+    get = liftRan get+    put = liftRan . put++instance MonadIO f => MonadIO (Ran (Yoneda f)) where+    liftIO = liftRan . liftIO++instance MonadRWS r w s f => MonadRWS r w s (Ran (Yoneda f))++instance MonadError e f => MonadError e (Ran (Yoneda f)) where+    throwError = liftRan . throwError+    Ran f `catchError` h = Ran (\k -> f k `catchError` \e -> getRan (h e) k)++instance MonadFix m => MonadFix (Ran (Yoneda m)) where+    mfix f = Ran (\k -> liftM (runIdentity . k) $ mfix (\a -> getRan (f a) Identity))++-- Yoneda Endo a ~ forall o. (a -> o) -> o -> o ~ forall o. (a -> Identity o) -> Endo o+-- note Endo is not a Hask Functor and Maybe is not a Codensity monad, so this is trickier+instance RanIso Maybe where+    type G Maybe = Identity+    type H Maybe = Endo+    liftRan = maybe mzero return+    lowerRan f = appEndo (getRan f (Identity . return)) mzero++instance Monad (Ran Maybe) where+    return x = Ran (\k -> Endo (\_ -> runIdentity (k x)))+    Ran g >>= f = Ran (\k -> Endo (\z -> appEndo (g (\a -> Identity (appEndo (getRan (f a) k) z))) z))+    fail _ = mzero++instance Applicative (Ran Maybe) where+    pure x = Ran (\k -> Endo (\_ -> runIdentity (k x)))+    Ran f <*> Ran g = Ran (\k -> Endo (\z -> appEndo (f (\f' -> Identity (appEndo (g (k . f')) z))) z))++instance MonadPlus (Ran Maybe) where+    mzero = Ran (\_ -> Endo id)+    Ran m `mplus` Ran n = Ran (\k -> Endo (\z -> appEndo (m k) (appEndo (n k) z)))++instance Monoid a => Monoid (Ran Maybe a) where+    mempty = mzero+    Ran a `mappend` Ran b = Ran (\k -> Endo (\z -> appEndo (a (\a' -> Identity (appEndo (b (k . mappend a')) z))) z))++instance MonadFix (Ran Maybe) where+    mfix f = m where+        m = f (unJust m)+        unJust (Ran r) = appEndo (r Identity) (error "mfix (Ran Maybe): Nothing")++instance Eq a => Eq (Ran Maybe a) where+    f == g = lowerRan f == lowerRan g++instance Ord a => Ord (Ran Maybe a) where+    f `compare` g = lowerRan f `compare` lowerRan g++instance Show a => Show (Ran Maybe a) where+    showsPrec d f = showParen (d > 10) $+        showString "liftRan " . showsPrec 11 (lowerRan f)+    +instance Read a => Read (Ran Maybe a) where+    readPrec = parens $ prec 10 $ do+        Ident "liftRan" <- lexP+        m <- step readPrec+        return (liftRan m)++type (:->) = ReaderT++data ErrorH e o  = ErrorH { getErrorH :: (e -> o) -> o } ++-- Yoneda (ErrorH e) ~ forall o. (a -> o) -> (e -> o) -> o ~ forall o. (a -> Identity o) -> (e -> o) -> o ~ forall o. (a -> Identity o) -> ErrorH e o+instance RanIso (Either e) where+    type G (Either e) = Identity+    type H (Either e) = ErrorH e+    liftRan (Right a) = Ran (\k -> ErrorH (\_ -> runIdentity (k a)))+    liftRan (Left x)  = Ran (\_ -> ErrorH (\e -> e x))+    lowerRan          = eitherRan Left Right++eitherRan :: (e -> b) -> (a -> b) -> Ran (Either e) a -> b+eitherRan f g (Ran m) = getErrorH (m (Identity . g)) f++instance Error e => Monad (Ran (Either e)) where+    return x = Ran (\k -> ErrorH (\_ -> runIdentity (k x)))+    fail = throwError . strMsg+    Ran g >>= f = Ran (\k -> ErrorH (\z -> getErrorH (g (\a -> Identity (getErrorH (getRan (f a) k) z))) z))++instance Error e => MonadError e (Ran (Either e)) where+    throwError x = Ran (\_ -> ErrorH (\e -> e x))+--  catchError f h = Ran (\k -> ErrorH (\e -> getErrorH (getRan f k) e))+--  catchError :: Ran (Either e) a -> (e -> Ran (Either e) a -> Ran (Either e) a+    Ran m `catchError` h = Ran (\k -> ErrorH (\z -> getErrorH (m k) (\e -> getErrorH (getRan (h e) k) z)))++instance Error e => MonadPlus (Ran (Either e)) where+    mzero = throwError noMsg+    Ran m `mplus` Ran n = Ran (\k -> ErrorH (\z -> getErrorH (m k) (\_ -> getErrorH (n k) z)))++instance Error e => MonadFix (Ran (Either e)) where+    mfix f = m where+        m = f (fromRight m)+        fromRight (Ran r) = getErrorH (r Identity) (\_ -> error "mfix (Ran (Either e)): empty mfix argument")++instance (Eq a, Eq b) => Eq (Ran (Either a) b) where+    f == g = lowerRan f == lowerRan g++instance (Ord a, Ord b) => Ord (Ran (Either a) b) where+    f `compare` g = lowerRan f `compare` lowerRan g++instance (Show a, Show b) => Show (Ran (Either a) b) where+    showsPrec d f = showParen (d > 10) $+        showString "liftRan " . showsPrec 11 (lowerRan f)+    +instance (Read a, Read b) => Read (Ran (Either a) b) where+    readPrec = parens $ prec 10 $ do+        Ident "liftRan" <- lexP+        m <- step readPrec+        return (liftRan m)+++-- Yoneda (Reader r) ~ forall o. (a -> o) -> r -> o ~ forall o. (a -> Identity o) -> r -> o+instance RanIso ((->)e) where+    type G ((->) e) = Identity+    type H ((->) e) = (->) e+    liftRan m = Ran (\f -> liftM (runIdentity . f) m)+    lowerRan (Ran f) = f Identity++instance Pointed (Ran ((->)e)) where+    point = return++instance Applicative (Ran ((->)e)) where+    pure = return+    Ran f <*> Ran g = Ran (\k r -> runIdentity (k (f Identity r (g Identity r))))++instance Monad (Ran ((->)e)) where+    return a = Ran (\f _ -> runIdentity (f a))+    Ran f >>= h = Ran (\k r -> getRan (h (f Identity r)) k r)+    +instance MonadReader e (Ran ((->)e)) where +    ask = Ran (\k r -> runIdentity (k r))+    local f (Ran m) = Ran (\k r -> m k (f r))++instance Monoid m => Monoid (Ran ((->)e) m) where+    mempty = return mempty+    Ran a `mappend` Ran b = Ran (\k r -> runIdentity (k (a Identity r `mappend` b Identity r)))+++-- Yoneda (Reader r) ~ forall o. (a -> o) -> r -> o ~ forall o. (a -> Identity o) -> r -> o+instance RanIso (Reader e) where+    type G (Reader e) = Identity+    type H (Reader e) = Reader e+    liftRan m = Ran (\f -> liftM (runIdentity . f) m)+    lowerRan (Ran f) = f Identity++instance Pointed (Ran (Reader e)) where+    point = return++instance Applicative (Ran (Reader e)) where+    pure = return+    Ran f <*> Ran g = Ran (\k -> Reader (\r -> runIdentity (k (runReader (f Identity) r (runReader (g Identity) r)))))++instance Monad (Ran (Reader e)) where+    return a = Ran (\f -> Reader (\_ -> runIdentity (f a)))+    Ran f >>= h = Ran (\k -> Reader (\r -> runReader(getRan (h (runReader (f Identity) r)) k) r))+    +instance MonadReader e (Ran (Reader e)) where +    ask = Ran (\k -> Reader (\r -> runIdentity (k r)))+    local f (Ran m) = Ran (\k -> Reader (\r -> runReader (m k) (f r)))++instance Monoid m => Monoid (Ran (Reader e) m) where+    mempty = return mempty+    Ran a `mappend` Ran b = Ran (\k -> Reader (\r -> runIdentity (k (runReader (a Identity) r `mappend` runReader (b Identity) r))))+++-- Ran Transformers++-- ReaderT m a ~ forall o. (a -> G m o) -> ReaderT r (H m) o+instance RanIso m => RanIso (ReaderT e m) where+    type G (ReaderT e m) = G m+    type H (ReaderT e m) = e :-> H m+    liftRan (ReaderT f) = Ran (\k -> ReaderT (\e -> getRan (liftRan (f e)) k))+    lowerRan (Ran f) = ReaderT (\e -> lowerRan (Ran (\k -> runReaderT (f k) e)))++instance RanTrans (ReaderT e) where+    liftRanT (Ran m) = Ran (ReaderT . const . m)+    outRan (Ran m) = ReaderT (\e -> Ran (\k -> runReaderT (m k) e))+    inRan (ReaderT f) = Ran (\k -> ReaderT (\e -> getRan (f e) k))++instance RMonad m => Pointed (Ran (ReaderT e m)) where+    point = inRan . return++instance RMonad m => Applicative (Ran (ReaderT e m)) where+    pure = inRan . return+    f <*> g = inRan (outRan f `ap` outRan g)++instance (RMonad m, MonadPlus (Ran m)) => Alternative (Ran (ReaderT e m)) where+    empty = inRan mzero+    f <|> g = inRan (outRan f `mplus` outRan g)++instance RMonad m => Monad (Ran (ReaderT e m)) where+    return = inRan . return+    m >>= f = inRan (outRan m >>= outRan . f)++instance (RMonad m, MonadState s (Ran m)) => MonadState s (Ran (ReaderT e m)) where+    get = inRan get+    put = inRan . put+    +instance RMonad m => MonadReader r (Ran (ReaderT r m)) where+    ask     = inRan (ReaderT return)+    local f = inRan . local f . outRan++instance (RMonad m, MonadWriter w (Ran m)) => MonadWriter w (Ran (ReaderT e m)) where+    tell = inRan . tell+    listen = inRan . listen . outRan+    pass = inRan . pass . outRan++instance (RMonad m, MonadIO (Ran m)) => MonadIO (Ran (ReaderT e m)) where+    liftIO = inRan . liftIO++instance (RMonad m, MonadPlus (Ran m)) => MonadPlus (Ran (ReaderT e m)) where+    mzero = inRan mzero+    a `mplus` b = inRan (outRan a `mplus` outRan b)++instance (RMonad m, MonadFix (Ran m)) => MonadFix (Ran (ReaderT e m)) where+    mfix f = inRan $ mfix (outRan . f)++-- TODO: instance MonadError (ReaderT e m), MonadCont (ReaderT e m), MonadFix (ReaderT e m), ...+-- MonadPlus (ReaderT e m), MonadFix (ReaderT e m)+++-- | @ErrorT e (Ran_g h) a = Ran_g (ErrorTH e h) a@++-- m (Either a b) ~ (Either a b -> G m o) -> H m o ~ forall o. (a -> G m o) -> (b -> G m o) -> H m o+data ErrorTH e m o = ErrorTH { getErrorTH :: (e -> G m o) -> H m o }+instance (RanIso m, Error e) => RanIso (ErrorT e m) where+    type G (ErrorT e m) = G m +    type H (ErrorT e m) = ErrorTH e m+    liftRan (ErrorT m) = Ran (\k -> ErrorTH (\e -> getRan (liftRan m) (either e k)))+    lowerRan (Ran m) = ErrorT (lowerRan (Ran (\k -> getErrorTH (m (k . Right)) (k . Left))))++unwrapErrorT :: (RanIso m) => Ran (ErrorT a m) b -> Ran m (Either a b)+unwrapErrorT (Ran m) = Ran (\k -> getErrorTH (m (k . Right)) (k . Left))++wrapErrorT :: (RanIso m) => Ran m (Either a b) -> Ran (ErrorT a m) b+wrapErrorT (Ran m) = Ran (\k -> ErrorTH (\e -> m (either e k)))++instance RanTrans (ErrorT e) where+    liftRanT (Ran m) = Ran (\k -> ErrorTH (\_ -> m k))+    outRan (Ran m) = ErrorT (Ran (\k -> getErrorTH (m (k . Right)) (k . Left)))+    inRan (ErrorT m) = Ran (\k -> ErrorTH (\e -> getRan m (either e k)))++instance (RMonad m, Error e) => Pointed (Ran (ErrorT e m)) where+    point = inRan . return++instance (RMonad m, Error e) => Applicative (Ran (ErrorT e m)) where+    pure = inRan . return+    f <*> g = inRan (outRan f `ap` outRan g)++instance (RMonad m, Error e, MonadPlus (Ran m)) => Alternative (Ran (ErrorT e m)) where+    empty = inRan mzero+    f <|> g = inRan (outRan f `mplus` outRan g)++instance (RMonad m, Error e)  => Monad (Ran (ErrorT e m)) where+    return = inRan . return+    m >>= f = inRan (outRan m >>= outRan . f)++instance (RMonad m, Error e, MonadState s (Ran m)) => MonadState s (Ran (ErrorT e m)) where+    get = inRan get+    put = inRan . put+    +instance (RMonad m, Error e, MonadReader r (Ran m)) => MonadReader r (Ran (ErrorT e m)) where+    ask     = inRan ask+    local f = inRan . local f . outRan++instance (RMonad m, Error e, MonadWriter w (Ran m)) => MonadWriter w (Ran (ErrorT e m)) where+    tell = inRan . tell+    listen = inRan . listen . outRan+    pass = inRan . pass . outRan++instance (RMonad m, Error e, MonadRWS r w s (Ran m)) => MonadRWS r w s (Ran (ErrorT e m))++instance (RMonad m, Error e, MonadIO (Ran m)) => MonadIO (Ran (ErrorT e m)) where+    liftIO = inRan . liftIO++instance (RMonad m, Error e, MonadFix (Ran m)) => MonadFix (Ran (ErrorT e m)) where+    mfix f = inRan $ mfix (outRan . f)++instance (RanIso m, Eq (Ran m (Either a b))) => Eq (Ran (ErrorT a m) b) where+    f == g = unwrapErrorT f == unwrapErrorT g++instance (RanIso m, Ord (Ran m (Either a b))) => Ord (Ran (ErrorT a m) b) where+    f `compare` g = unwrapErrorT f `compare` unwrapErrorT g++instance (RanIso m, Show (Ran m (Either a b))) => Show (Ran (ErrorT a m) b) where+    showsPrec d f = showParen (d > 10) $+        showString "wrapErrorT " . showsPrec 11 (unwrapErrorT f)++instance (RanIso m, Read (Ran m (Either a b))) => Read (Ran (ErrorT a m) b) where+    readPrec = parens $ prec 10 $ do+        Ident "wrapErrorT" <- lexP+        m <- step readPrec+        return (wrapErrorT m)++{-+-- (a -> r) -> r+instance RMonad (Cont r) where+    type G (Cont r) = Const r+    type H (Cont r) = Const r++-- forall o. (a -> w -> G m o) -> H m o+-- forall o. (a -> G m (w -> o)) -> H m (w -> o) ?+instance (Monoid w, RMonad m) => RMonad (WriterT w m) where+    type G (WriterT w m) = w :-> G m+    type H (WriterT w m) = H m++-- forall o. (a -> s -> G m o) -> s -> H m o +-- forall o. (a -> G m (s -> o)) -> H m (s -> o) ?+instance RMonad m => RMonad (StateT s m) where+    type G (StateT s m) = s :-> G m+    type H (StateT s m) = s :-> H m++-- (a -> G m r) -> H m r+data ConstT r f a = ConstT { getConstT :: f r } +instance RMonad m => RMonad (ContT r m) where+    type G (ContT r m) = ConstT r (G m)+    type H (ContT r m) = ConstT r (H m)+-}+++-- | A pointed functor is a functor with a discriminated family of f-coalgebras+class Functor f => Pointed f where+    point :: a -> f a++instance Pointed Maybe where point = Just+instance Pointed [] where point = return+instance Pointed (Cont r) where point = return+instance Monad m => Pointed (ContT r m) where point = return+instance Pointed Identity where point = Identity+instance Pointed (Either a) where point = Right+instance (Error e, Monad m) => Pointed (ErrorT e m) where point = return+instance Pointed (Reader r) where point = return+instance Monad m => Pointed (ReaderT r m) where point = return+instance Pointed ((->)r) where point = return+instance Pointed (SS.State w) where point = return+instance Pointed (State w) where point = return+instance Monad m => Pointed (SS.StateT w m) where point = return+instance Monad m => Pointed (StateT w m) where point = return+instance Monoid w => Pointed (SW.Writer w) where point = return+instance Monoid w => Pointed (Writer w) where point = return+instance (Monoid w, Monad m) => Pointed (SW.WriterT w m) where point = return+instance (Monoid w, Monad m) => Pointed (WriterT w m) where point = return+instance Monoid w => Pointed (SR.RWS r w s) where point = return+instance Monoid w => Pointed (RWS r w s) where point = return+instance (Monoid w, Monad m) => Pointed (SR.RWST r w s m) where point = return+instance (Monoid w, Monad m) => Pointed (RWST r w s m) where point = return+instance Monad m => Pointed (ListT m) where point = return+++-- | The Codensity monad of a functor/monad generated by a functor++data Codensity f a = Codensity { getCodensity :: forall b. (a -> f b) -> f b }++instance Functor (Codensity k) where+    fmap f m = Codensity (\k -> getCodensity m (k . f))++instance Pointed (Codensity f) where+    point x = Codensity (\k -> k x)++instance Applicative (Codensity f) where+    pure x = Codensity (\k -> k x)+    Codensity f <*> Codensity x = Codensity (\k -> f (\f' -> x (k . f')))++instance Monad (Codensity f) where+    return x = Codensity (\k -> k x)+    Codensity m >>= k = Codensity +        (\c -> m (\a -> getCodensity (k a) c))++instance MonadIO m => MonadIO (Codensity m) where+    liftIO = lift . liftIO++instance MonadPlus m => MonadPlus (Codensity m) where+    mzero = Codensity (const mzero)+    a `mplus` b = lift (lowerCodensity a `mplus` lowerCodensity b)++instance MonadReader r m => MonadReader r (Codensity m) where+    ask = lift ask+    local f m = Codensity (\c -> do r <- ask; local f (getCodensity m (local (const r) . c)))++instance MonadWriter w m => MonadWriter w (Codensity m) where+    tell = lift . tell+    listen = lift . listen . lowerCodensity+    pass = lift . pass . lowerCodensity++instance MonadState s m => MonadState s (Codensity m) where+    get = lift get+    put = lift . put++instance MonadRWS r w s m => MonadRWS r w s (Codensity m)++instance MonadFix f => MonadFix (Codensity f) where+    mfix f = lift $ mfix (lowerCodensity . f)++instance MonadError e m => MonadError e (Codensity m) where+    throwError = lift . throwError+    f `catchError` h = lift $ lowerCodensity f `catchError` (lowerCodensity . h)++instance MonadTrans Codensity where+    lift m = Codensity (m >>=)++lowerCodensity :: Monad m => Codensity m a -> m a+lowerCodensity = flip getCodensity return++lowerCodensityApp :: Applicative f => Codensity f a -> f a+lowerCodensityApp = flip getCodensity pure++lowerCodensityPointed :: Applicative f => Codensity f a -> f a+lowerCodensityPointed = flip getCodensity pure++-- The codensity monad as a right Kan extension of a functor along itself+-- Many state-like monads can be CPS transformed into a codensity monad.+instance RanIso (Codensity f) where+    type G (Codensity f) = f+    type H (Codensity f) = f+    liftRan  = codensityRan+    lowerRan = ranCodensity++ranCodensity :: Ran (Codensity f) a -> Codensity f a+ranCodensity (Ran f) = Codensity f++codensityRan :: Codensity f a -> Ran (Codensity f) a+codensityRan (Codensity f) = Ran f++instance Pointed (Ran (Codensity f)) where+    point = returnRanCodensity++instance Applicative (Ran (Codensity f)) where+    pure = returnRanCodensity+    (<*>) = apRanCodensity++instance Monad (Ran (Codensity f)) where+    return = returnRanCodensity+    (>>=) = bindRanCodensity++instance Alternative (Codensity f) => Alternative (Ran (Codensity f)) where+    empty = liftRan empty+    m <|> n = liftRan (lowerRan m <|> lowerRan n)++instance MonadPlus f => MonadPlus (Ran (Codensity f)) where+    mzero = liftRan mzero+    m `mplus` n = liftRan (lowerRan m `mplus` lowerRan n)++instance MonadIO f => MonadIO (Ran (Codensity f)) where+    liftIO f = Ran (liftIO f >>=)++instance MonadState s m => MonadState s (Ran (Codensity m)) where+    get = Ran (get >>=)+    put s = Ran (put s >>=)++instance MonadWriter w m => MonadWriter w (Ran (Codensity m)) where+    tell w = Ran (tell w >>=) +    listen = liftRanCodensity . listen . lowerRanCodensity+    pass = liftRanCodensity . pass . lowerRanCodensity++instance MonadReader r m => MonadReader r (Ran (Codensity m)) where+    ask = Ran (ask >>=)+    local f = liftRanCodensity . local f . lowerRanCodensity++instance MonadRWS r w s m => MonadRWS r w s (Ran (Codensity m))+    +instance MonadFix m => MonadFix (Ran (Codensity m)) where+    mfix f = liftRanCodensity $ mfix (lowerRanCodensity . f)++instance MonadError e m => MonadError e (Ran (Codensity m)) where+    throwError e = Ran (throwError e >>=)+    m `catchError` h = liftRanCodensity (lowerRanCodensity m `catchError` (lowerRanCodensity . h))++++-- | The Covariant Yoneda lemma applied to a functor. Note that @f@ need not be a Hask 'Functor'!++data Yoneda f a = Yoneda { getYoneda :: forall b. (a -> b) -> f b } ++lowerYoneda :: Yoneda f a -> f a +lowerYoneda (Yoneda f) = f id++instance Functor (Yoneda f) where+    fmap f m = Yoneda (\k -> getYoneda m (k . f))++instance Pointed f => Pointed (Yoneda f) where+    point a = Yoneda (\f -> point (f a))++instance Applicative f => Applicative (Yoneda f) where+    pure a = Yoneda (\f -> pure (f a))+    m <*> n = Yoneda (\f -> getYoneda m (f .) <*> getYoneda n id)++instance Alternative f => Alternative (Yoneda f) where+    empty = Yoneda (const empty)+    Yoneda m <|> Yoneda n = Yoneda (\f -> m f <|> n f)++instance Monad f => Monad (Yoneda f) where+    return a = Yoneda (\f -> return (f a))+    m >>= k = Yoneda (\f -> getYoneda m id >>= \a -> getYoneda (k a) f)++instance MonadPlus f => MonadPlus (Yoneda f) where+    mzero = Yoneda (const mzero)+    Yoneda m `mplus` Yoneda n = Yoneda (\f -> m f `mplus` n f)++instance MonadTrans Yoneda where+    lift m = Yoneda (\f -> liftM f m)++instance MonadReader r f => MonadReader r (Yoneda f) where+    ask = lift ask+    local f = lift . local f . lowerYoneda ++instance MonadWriter w f => MonadWriter w (Yoneda f) where+    tell = lift . tell+    listen = lift . listen . lowerYoneda+    pass = lift . pass . lowerYoneda++instance MonadState s f => MonadState s (Yoneda f) where+    get = lift get+    put = lift . put++instance MonadIO f => MonadIO (Yoneda f) where+    liftIO = lift . liftIO++instance MonadRWS r w s f => MonadRWS r w s (Yoneda f)++instance MonadError e f => MonadError e (Yoneda f) where+    throwError = lift . throwError+    catchError m h = lift $ lowerYoneda m `catchError` (lowerYoneda . h)++instance MonadFix m => MonadFix (Yoneda m) where+    mfix f = lift $ mfix (lowerYoneda . f)+    +
+ LICENSE view
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@+Copyright (c) 2009 Edward Kmett+All rights reserved.++Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are+met:++    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.++    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above+      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following+      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided+      with the distribution.++    * Neither the name of Isaac Jones nor the names of other+      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived+      from this software without specific prior written permission.++THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT+OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT+LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,+DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY+THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ Setup.lhs view
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@+#!/usr/bin/runhaskell+> module Main (main) where++> import Distribution.Simple++> main :: IO ()+> main = defaultMain
+ monad-ran.cabal view
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@+name:                   monad-ran
+version:                0.0.9
+build-type:             Simple
+license:                BSD3
+license-file:           LICENSE
+category:               Control
+author:                 Edward Kmett
+copyright:              (c) Edward Kmett 2009
+maintainer:             Edward Kmett <ekmett@gmail.com>
+stability:              experimental
+synopsis:               Fast implementations of monads and monad transformers using right Kan extensions
+cabal-version:          >= 1.6
+description:            Fast implementations of monads and monad transformers using right Kan extensions
+
+library
+    ghc-options:        -O2 -fspec-constr -funbox-strict-fields
+    build-depends:      
+        base >= 4.0 && < 4.2, 
+        mtl >= 1.1 && < 1.2,
+        ghc-prim >= 0.1 && < 0.2
+    exposed-modules:    
+        Control.Monad.Ran