matplotlib (empty) → 0.1.0.0

raw patch · 7 files changed

+552/−0 lines, 7 filesdep +aesondep +basedep +bytestringsetup-changedbinary-added

Dependencies added: aeson, base, bytestring, matplotlib, process, tasty, tasty-hunit, temporary

Files

• LICENSE +30/−0
• README.md +16/−0
• Setup.hs +2/−0
• contour.png binary
• matplotlib.cabal +40/−0
• src/Graphics/Matplotlib.hs +408/−0
• test/Spec.hs +56/−0

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@+Copyright Author name here (c) 2017++All rights reserved.++Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:++    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.++    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above+      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following+      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided+      with the distribution.++    * Neither the name of Author name here nor the names of other+      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived+      from this software without specific prior written permission.++THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT+OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT+LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,+DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY+THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@+# Matplotlib++[![Build Status](http://circleci-badges-max.herokuapp.com/img/abarbu/matplotlib-haskell/master?token=468e8942459ca5f34089fb5c29a478ffb6d531af)](https://circleci.com/gh/abarbu/matplotlib-haskell/tree/master)++Haskell bindings to Python's Matplotlib. It's high time that Haskell had a+fully-fledged plotting library!++![matplotlib contour plot](https://github.com/abarbu/matplotlib-haskell/raw/master/contour.png)++More info and docs forthcoming.++```haskell+import Matplotlib++onscreen $ contourF (\a b -> sin (degreesRadians a) + cos (degreesRadians b)) (-100) 100 (-200) 200 10+```

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@+import Distribution.Simple+main = defaultMain

binary file changed (absent → 165299 bytes)

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@+name:                matplotlib+version:             0.1.0.0+synopsis:            Bindings to Matplotlib; a Python plotting library+description:         Matplotlib is probably the most full featured plotting library out there. These bindings provide a quick, easy, and extensible way to use it in Haskell. Type-safety is largely non-existent and sacrificed for maximum extensibility.+homepage:            https://github.com/abarbu/matplotlib-haskell+license:             BSD3+license-file:        LICENSE+author:              Andrei Barbu+maintainer:          andrei@0xab.com+copyright:           2017 Andrei Barbu+category:            Graphics+build-type:          Simple+extra-source-files:  README.md contour.png+cabal-version:       >=1.10++library+  hs-source-dirs:      src+  exposed-modules:     Graphics.Matplotlib+  build-depends:       base >= 4.7 && < 5+                     , process+                     , bytestring+                     , aeson+                     , temporary+  default-language:    Haskell2010++test-suite matplotlib-test+  type:                exitcode-stdio-1.0+  hs-source-dirs:      test+  main-is:             Spec.hs+  build-depends:       base+                     , matplotlib+                     , tasty+                     , tasty-hunit+                     , temporary+  ghc-options:         -threaded -rtsopts -with-rtsopts=-N+  default-language:    Haskell2010++source-repository head+  type:     git+  location: https://github.com/abarbu/matplotlib-haskell

@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@+{-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric, TypeSynonymInstances, FlexibleInstances, ScopedTypeVariables, FlexibleContexts, OverlappingInstances #-}++-- Matplotlib bindings and an interface to easily bind to new portions of the+-- API. The most essential parts of Matplotlib are wrapped and exposed to+-- Haskell through an interface that allows extenisbility. Code is generated on+-- the fly and python is called.+--+-- This is not a very Haskell-ish library. Type safety is non-existent, it's+-- easy to generate incorrect Python code, in exchange for being able to bind to+-- arbitrary matplotlib APIs with ease, so it's also easy to generate correct+-- python code.+--+-- The generated code follows a few simple conventions.  data is always loaded+-- into a data variable that is a python array. Data is transffered via+-- json. This data variable is indexed by various rendering commands.+--+-- Many functions take an optional argument list.+--+-- Functions which start with the word data operate on the data array, arguments+-- are python code that should access that array. Most other functions take+-- haskell objects and load them into python.++module Graphics.Matplotlib where+import System.IO.Temp+import System.Process+import GHC.Generics+import Data.Aeson+import Control.Monad+import System.IO+import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as B+import Data.List+import Control.Exception++-- | A handle internal function+mapLinear :: (Double -> b) -> Double -> Double -> Double -> [b]+mapLinear f s e n = map (\v -> f $ s + (v * (e - s) / n)) [0..n]++-- | The wrapper type for a matplotlib computation. This is opaque.+data Matplotlib = Matplotlib [MplotCommand]++-- | A maplotlib command, right now we have a very shallow embedding essentially+-- dealing in opaque strings containing python code as well as the ability to+-- load data. The loaded should be a json object.+data MplotCommand+  = LoadData B.ByteString+  | Exec String+  deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)++-- | Throughout the API we need to accept options in order to expose+-- matplotlib's many configuration options.+data Option = K String String -- | results in a=b+            | B String        -- | just inserts the option verbatim as an argument at the end of the function++toPy (LoadData _) = error "withMplot needed to load data"+toPy (Exec str)   = str++-- | The io action is given a list of python commands to execute (note that+-- these are commands in the sense of lines of python code; each inidivudal line+-- may not be parseable on its own+withMplot :: Matplotlib -> ([String] -> IO a) -> IO a+withMplot (Matplotlib cs) f = preload cs []+  where+    preload [] cmds = f $ map toPy $ reverse cmds+    preload ((LoadData obj):cs) cmds =+          withSystemTempFile "data.json"+            (\dataFile dataHandle -> do+                B.hPutStr dataHandle obj+                hClose dataHandle+                preload cs $ ((map Exec $ pyReadData dataFile) ++ cmds))+    preload (c:cs) cmds = preload cs (c:cmds)+  +--- Python operations++-- | Run python given a code string.+python codeStr =+  catch (withSystemTempFile "code.py"+         (\codeFile codeHandle -> do+             forM_ codeStr (hPutStrLn codeHandle)+             hClose codeHandle+             Right <$> readProcess "/usr/bin/python3" [codeFile] ""))+         (\e -> return $ Left $ show (e :: IOException))++pyIncludes = ["import matplotlib"+             -- TODO Provide a way to set the render backend+             -- ,"matplotlib.use('GtkAgg')"+             ,"import matplotlib.path as mpath"+             ,"import matplotlib.patches as mpatches"+             ,"import matplotlib.pyplot as plot"+             ,"import matplotlib.mlab as mlab"+             ,"from matplotlib import cm"+             ,"from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d"+             ,"import numpy as np"+             ,"import os"+             ,"import sys"+             ,"import json"+             ,"import random, datetime"+             ,"from matplotlib.dates import DateFormatter, WeekdayLocator"]++pyReadData filename = ["data = json.loads(open('" ++ filename ++ "').read())"]++pyDetach = ["pid = os.fork()"+           ,"if(pid != 0):"+           ,"  exit(0)"]++pyOnscreen = ["plot.draw()"+             ,"plot.show()"]++pyFigure output = ["plot.savefig('" ++ output ++ "')"]++--- Running a plot++-- | Show a plot, blocks until the figure is closed+onscreen m = withMplot m (\str -> python $ pyIncludes ++ str ++ pyDetach ++ pyOnscreen)++-- | Print the python code that would be executed+code m = withMplot m (\str -> return $ Right $ unlines $ pyIncludes ++ str ++ pyDetach ++ pyOnscreen)++-- | Save to a file+figure filename m = withMplot m (\str -> python $ pyIncludes ++ str ++ pyFigure filename)++-- Creating matplotlib computations++mplot s = Matplotlib [Exec s]++infixl 5 %+-- | combine two matplotlib commands+(%) :: Matplotlib -> Matplotlib -> Matplotlib+(Matplotlib a) % (Matplotlib b) = Matplotlib (a ++ b)++infixl 6 #+-- | Values which can be combined together to form a matplotlib command. Right+-- now matplotlib commands are strings and this is just a helper to construct+-- them.+class MplotValue val where+  (#) :: String -> val -> String+instance MplotValue String where+  s # b = s ++ b+instance MplotValue [String] where+  m # [] = m+  m # (x:xs) = m # x # "," # xs+instance MplotValue Double where+  s # b = s ++ show b+instance MplotValue Int where+  s # b = s ++ show b+instance MplotValue (String, String) where+  m # (n, v) = m # n # "=" # v+instance (MplotValue x) => MplotValue (x, x) where+  m # (n, v) = m # n # "=" # v+instance (MplotValue (x, y)) => MplotValue [(x, y)] where+  m # [] = m+  m # (x:xs) = m # x # "," # xs+instance MplotValue Option where+  m # (B a) = m # a+  m # (K a b) = m # a # "=" # b+instance MplotValue [Option] where+  m # [] = m+  m # (x:xs) = m # x # "," # xs++--- Convenience & Data++-- | Plot the 'a' and 'b' entries of the data object+dataPlot :: (MplotValue val, MplotValue val1) => val1 -> val -> [Option] -> Matplotlib+dataPlot a b opts =+  mplot $ "p = plot.plot(data[" # a # "], data[" # b # "]" # options opts # ")"++-- | Plot the Haskell objects 'x' and 'y' as a line+plot :: (ToJSON t, ToJSON t1) => t1 -> t -> [Option] -> Matplotlib+plot x y opt =+  readData (x, y) % dataPlot (0::Int) (1::Int) opt++-- | Plot & show onscreen+showPlot :: (ToJSON t, ToJSON t1) => t1 -> t -> [Option] -> IO (Either String String)+showPlot x y opt = onscreen (plot x y opt)++-- | Load the given data into the 'data' array+readData :: ToJSON a => a -> Matplotlib+readData d = Matplotlib [LoadData $ encode d]++-- ;;; Options++-- | An internal helper to convert a list of options to the python code that+-- applies those options in a call.+options :: [Option] -> String+options [] = ""+options xs = "," # xs++def o [] = [o]+def o l@((B _):_) = l+def o (x:xs) = x : def o xs++-- | Show grid lines+gridLines = mplot "ax.grid(True)"++-- | Plot x against y where x is a date.+--   xunit is something like 'weeks', yearStart, monthStart, dayStart are an offset to x.+-- TODO This isn't general enough; it's missing some settings about the format. The call is also a mess.+dateLine :: (ToJSON t1, ToJSON t2) => t1 -> t2 -> String -> (Int, Int, Int) -> Matplotlib+dateLine x y xunit (yearStart, monthStart, dayStart) =+    readData (x, y)+  % mplot ("data[0] = [datetime.timedelta("#xunit#"=i) + datetime.datetime("#yearStart#","#monthStart#","#dayStart#") for i in data[0]]")+  % dataPlot (0::Int) (1::Int) [B "-"]+  % mplot "ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(DateFormatter('%B'))"+  % mplot "ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(WeekdayLocator(byweekday=6))"+  +-- | Add a label to the x axis+xLabel label = mplot $ "plot.xlabel('" # label # "')"++-- | Add a label to the y axis+yLabel label = mplot $ "plot.ylabel('" # label # "')"++-- | Add a label to the z axis+zLabel label = mplot $ "plot.zlabel('" # label # "')"++-- | Create a histogram for the 'a' entry of the data array+dataHistogram a bins opts = mplot $ "plot.hist(data[" # a # "]," # bins # options opts # ")"++-- | Plot a histogram for the given values with 'bins'+histogram values bins opts = readData [values] % dataHistogram (0::Int) bins opts++-- | Plot & show the histogram+showHistogram values bins opts = onscreen $ histogram values bins opts++-- | Create a scatter plot accessing the given fields of the data array+dataScatter a b opts = dataPlot a b $ def (B "'.'") opts++-- | Plot the given values as a scatter plot+scatter x y opts = plot x y $ def (B "'.'") opts++-- | Plot and show a scatter plot+showScatter x y opts = showPlot x y $ def (B "'.'") opts++-- | Create a line accessing the given entires of the data array+dataLine a b opts = dataPlot a b $ def (B "'-'") opts++-- | Plot a line+line x y opts = plot x y $ def (B "'-'") opts++-- | Plot a line given a function that will be executed for each element of+-- given list. The list provides the x values, the function the y values.+lineF f l opts = plot l (map f l) $ def (B "'-'") opts++-- | Plot and show a line+showLine x y opts = showPlot x y $ def (B "'-'") opts++-- | Create a 3D contour+contour xs ys zs =+  readData (xs, ys, zs)+  % axis3DProjection+  % surface (0::Int) (1::Int) (2::Int)+  % contourRaw (0::Int) (1::Int) (2::Int) (maximum2 xs) (maximum2 ys) (minimum2 zs)+  % axis3DLabels xs ys zs++-- | Create a 3D projection+projections xs ys zs =+  readData (xs, ys, zs)+  % axis3DProjection+  % contourRaw (0::Int) (1::Int) (2::Int) (maximum2 xs) (maximum2 ys) (minimum2 zs)+  % axis3DLabels xs ys zs++-- | Given a grid of x and y values and a number of steps call the given+-- function and plot the 3D contour+contourF f xStart xEnd yStart yEnd steps = contour xs ys zs+  where xs = mapLinear (\x -> (mapLinear (\y -> x) yStart yEnd steps)) xStart xEnd steps+        ys = mapLinear (\x -> (mapLinear (\y -> y) yStart yEnd steps)) xStart xEnd steps+        zs = mapLinear (\x -> (mapLinear (\y -> f x y) yStart yEnd steps)) xStart xEnd steps++-- | Given a grid of x and y values and a number of steps call the given+-- function and plot the 3D projection+projectionsF f xStart xEnd yStart yEnd steps = projections xs ys zs+  where xs = mapLinear (\x -> (mapLinear (\y -> x) yStart yEnd steps)) xStart xEnd steps+        ys = mapLinear (\x -> (mapLinear (\y -> y) yStart yEnd steps)) xStart xEnd steps+        zs = mapLinear (\x -> (mapLinear (\y -> f x y) yStart yEnd steps)) xStart xEnd steps++-- | Enable 3D projection+axis3DProjection = mplot $ "ax = plot.figure().gca(projection='3d')"++-- | Plot a 3D wireframe accessing the given elements of the data array+wireframe a b c = mplot $ "ax.plot_wireframe(np.array(data[" # a # "]), np.array(data[" # b # "]), np.array(data[" # c # "]), rstride=1, cstride=1)"++-- | Plot a 3D surface accessing the given elements of the data array+surface a b c = mplot $ "ax.plot_surface(np.array(data[" # a # "]), np.array(data[" # b # "]), np.array(data[" # c # "]), rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.Blues, alpha=0.3)"++-- | Plot a contour accessing the given elements of the data array+contourRaw a b c maxA maxB minC =+  mplot ("ax.contour(data[" # a # "], data[" # b # "], data[" # c # "], zdir='z', offset=" # minC # ")")+  % mplot ("ax.contour(data[" # a # "], data[" # b # "], data[" # c # "], zdir='x', offset=-" # maxA # ")")+  % mplot ("ax.contour(data[" # a # "], data[" # b # "], data[" # c # "], zdir='y', offset=" # maxB #")")++-- | Smallest element of a list of lists+minimum2 l = minimum $ minimum l+-- | Largest element of a list of lists+maximum2 l = maximum $ maximum l++-- | Label and set limits of a set of 3D axis+-- TODO This is a mess, does both more and less than it claims.+axis3DLabels xs ys zs =+  mplot "ax.set_xlabel('X')"+  % mplot ("ax.set_xlim3d(" # minimum2 xs # ", " # maximum2 xs # ")")+  % mplot "ax.set_ylabel('Y')"+  % mplot ("ax.set_ylim3d(" # minimum2 ys # ", " # maximum2 ys # ")")+  % mplot "ax.set_zlabel('Z')"+  % mplot ("ax.set_zlim3d(" # minimum2 zs # ", " # maximum2 zs # ")")++-- | Draw a bag graph in a subplot+-- TODO Why do we need this?+subplotDataBar a width offset opts =+  mplot $ "ax.bar(np.arange(len(data[" # a # "]))+" # offset # ", data[" # a # "], " # width # options opts # ")"++-- | Create a subplot with the coordinates (r,c,f)+addSubplot r c f opts = mplot $ "ax = plot.figure().add_subplot(" # r # c # f # options opts # ")"++-- | Access a subplot with the coordinates (r,c,f)+mplotSubplot r c f opts = mplot $ "ax = plot.subplot(" # r # "," # c # "," # f # options opts # ")"++-- | The default bar with+barDefaultWidth nr = 1.0 / (fromIntegral nr + 1)++-- | Create a set of labelled bars of a given height+subplotBarsLabelled valuesList labels optsList =+  subplotBars valuesList optsList+  % axisXTickSpacing (length $ head $ valuesList) ((1.0 - barDefaultWidth (length valuesList) / 2.0) :: Double) []+  % axisXTickLabels labels []++-- | Create a subplot and a set of labelled bars+-- TODO This is a mess..+subplotBars valuesList optsList =+  readData valuesList+  % addSubplot (1::Int) (1::Int) (1::Int) []+  % (let (width :: Double) = barDefaultWidth (length valuesList) in+       foldl1 (%) (zipWith3 (\vs opts i -> subplotDataBar i width (width * i) opts) valuesList optsList [0..]))++-- | Add a title+addTitle s opts = mplot $ "plot.title('" # s # options opts # "')"++-- | Set the spacing of ticks on the x axis+axisXTickSpacing nr width opts = mplot $ "ax.set_xticks(np.arange(" # nr # ")+" # width # options opts # ")"++-- | Set the labels on the x axis+axisXTickLabels labels opts = mplot $ "ax.set_xticklabels( (" # labels # ") " # options opts # " )"++-- | Update the data array to linearly interpolate between array entries+interpolate a b n =+  (mplot $ "data[" # b # "] = mlab.stineman_interp(np.linspace(data[" # a # "][0],data[" # a # "][-1]," # n # "),data[" # a # "],data[" # b # "],None)")+  % (mplot $ "data[" # a # "] = np.linspace(data[" # a # "][0],data[" # a # "][-1]," # n # ")")++-- | Plot x against y interpolating with n steps+plotInterpolated x y n opts =+  readData (x, y)+  % interpolate (0::Int) (1::Int) n+  % (dataPlot (0::Int) (1::Int) $ def (B "-") opts)++-- | Square up the aspect ratio of a plot.+squareAxes = mplot "plot.axes().set_aspect('equal')"++-- | Set the rotation of the labels on the x axis to the given number of degrees+roateAxesLabels degrees = mplot "labels = plot.axes().get_xticklabels()"+   % mplot "for label in labels:"+   % mplot ("    label.set_rotation("#degrees#")")++-- | Set the x labels to be vertical+verticalAxes = mplot "labels = plot.axes().get_xticklabels()"+   % mplot "for label in labels:"+   % mplot "    label.set_rotation('vertical')"++-- | Set the x scale to be logarithmic+logX = mplot "plot.axes().set_xscale('log')"++-- | Set the y scale to be logarithmic+logY = mplot "plot.axes().set_yscale('log')"++-- | Set limits on the x axis+xlim l u = mplot $ "plot.xlim([" # l # "," # u # "])"++-- | Set limits on the y axis+ylim l u = mplot $ "plot.ylim([" # l # "," # u # "])"++-- | A handy function to plot a line between two points give a function and a number o steps+plotMapLinear f s e n opts = line xs ys opts+  where xs = mapLinear (\x -> x) s e n+        ys = mapLinear (\x -> f x) s e n++-- | Plot a line between 0 and the length of the array with the given y values+line1 y opts = line [0..length y] y opts++matShow d opts =+  readData d+  % (mplot $ "plot.matshow(data" # options opts # ")")++-- | Plot a KDE of the given functions with an optional start/end and a bandwidth h+densityBandwidth l h maybeStartEnd =+  plotMapLinear f (case maybeStartEnd of+                    Nothing -> minimum l+                    (Just (start, _)) -> start)+                  (case maybeStartEnd of+                    Nothing -> maximum l+                    (Just (_, end)) -> end)+                  100+                  []+  where f x = sum (map (\xi -> gaussianPdf x xi h) l) / ((fromIntegral $ length l) * h)+        gaussianPdf x mu sigma = exp (- sqr (x - mu) / (2 * sigma)) / sqrt (2 * pi * sigma)+        sqr x = x * x++-- | Plot a KDE of the given functions; a good bandwith will be chosen automatically+density l maybeStartEnd =+  densityBandwidth l (((4 * (variance ** 5)) / (fromIntegral $ 3 * length l)) ** (1 / 5) / 3) maybeStartEnd+  where mean = foldl' (+) 0 l / (fromIntegral $ length l)+        variance = foldl' (+) 0 (map (\x -> sqr (x - mean)) l) / (fromIntegral $ length l)+        sqr x = x * x

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@+import Test.Tasty+import Test.Tasty.HUnit+import System.IO.Unsafe+import Graphics.Matplotlib+import System.IO.Temp++main = defaultMain tests++tests :: TestTree+tests = testGroup "Tests" [unitTests]++tryit m = unsafePerformIO $ withSystemTempFile "a.png" (\file _ -> figure file m)++unitTests = testGroup "Unit tests"+  [ testCase "m1" $ tryit m1 @?= Right ""+  , testCase "m2" $ tryit m2 @?= Right ""+  , testCase "m3" $ tryit m3 @?= Right ""+  , testCase "m4" $ tryit m4 @?= Right ""+  , testCase "m5" $ tryit m5 @?= Right ""+  -- TODO This test case is broken+  -- , testCase "m6" $ tryit m6 @?= Right ""+  , testCase "m7" $ tryit m7 @?= Right ""+  ]+++-- ++m1 :: Matplotlib+m1 = do+  let l = [7, 5, 0, 8, 2, 9, 1, 8, 2, 7, 5, 7, 3, 9, 1, 3, 3, 7, 0, 7, 0, 7, 1, 9, 1, 0, 5, 4, 8, 0, 7, 4, 1, 9, 4, 2, 5, 7, 3, 1, 9, 1, 2, 2, 3, 7, 0, 0, 3, 8, 0, 3, 1, 1, 9, 7, 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 5, 9, 8, 0, 8, 6, 7, 0, 4, 0, 0, 2, 2, 4, 1, 7, 6, 9, 3, 1, 0, 6, 4, 1, 7, 4, 8, 7, 1, 3, 2, 7, 9, 4, 3, 8, 5, 3]+  histogram (l :: [Int]) (4 :: Int) []++m2 :: Matplotlib+m2 = do+  let l = [7, 5, 0, 8, 2, 9, 1, 8, 2, 7, 5, 7, 3, 9, 1, 3, 3, 7, 0, 7, 0, 7, 1, 9, 1, 0, 5, 4, 8, 0, 7, 4, 1, 9, 4, 2, 5, 7, 3, 1, 9, 1, 2, 2, 3, 7, 0, 0, 3, 8, 0, 3, 1, 1, 9, 7, 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 5, 9, 8, 0, 8, 6, 7, 0, 4, 0, 0, 2, 2, 4, 1, 7, 6, 9, 3, 1, 0, 6, 4, 1, 7, 4, 8, 7, 1, 3, 2, 7, 9, 4, 3, 8, 5, 3]+  histogram (l :: [Int]) (4 :: Int) [K "cumulative" "True"]++m3 = scatter [1::Int, 2, 3, 4] [3::Int, 4, 5, 6] []++degreesRadians a = a * pi / 180.0+radiansDegrees a = a * 180.0 / pi++m4 = contourF (\a b -> sin (degreesRadians a) + cos (degreesRadians b)) (-100) 100 (-200) 200 10++m5 = histogram [(4 :: Double), 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 4, 2, 2, 3, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0, 4, 2, 3, 5, 4, 3, 1, 0, 1, 3, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 1, 3, 3, 1, 4, 2, 0, 2, 0, 3, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 1, 7, 3, 1, 4, 1, 3, 5, 2, 2, 5, 2, 3, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0] (7 :: Int) []+   % yLabel "number of queries"+   % xLabel "true positives"++m6 = subplotBarsLabelled+       [[(40 :: Double), 50, 20, 50], [10, 20, 30, 40], [40, 50, 20, 50]]+       ["a", "b", "c", "d"] []+      % addTitle "Wee a title" []+      % xLabel "X"+      % yLabel "Y"++m7 = densityBandwidth [-2.1, -1.3, -0.4, 1.9, 5.1, 6.2] 2.25 (Just (-6, 11))