diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 # haskell-jsonnet
 
-[![Actions Status](https://github.com/moleike/jsonnet-hs/workflows/build/badge.svg)](https://github.com/moleike/jsonnet-hs/actions) [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/jsonnet-hs/community](https://badges.gitter.im/jsonnet-hs/community.svg)](https://gitter.im/jsonnet-hs/community?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/moleike/haskell-jsonnet/workflows/build/badge.svg)](https://github.com/moleike/haskell-jsonnet/actions)
+[![Hackage](https://img.shields.io/hackage/v/jsonnet?style=flat)](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/jsonnet)
 
+
 A full-fledged Haskell implementation of the [Jsonnet][jsonnet] spec.
 For an introduction to the language itself, see the [tutorial][tutorial] or language [reference][reference].
 We are using the same test suite used in the offical [C++][cpp-jsonnet] and [Go][go-jsonnet] implementation (which is fairly comprehensive).
@@ -10,40 +12,122 @@
 
 Using the [stack][stack] build tool:
 
-```bash
-git clone github.com/moleike/jsonnet-hs.git
-cd jsonnet-hs
-stack build
+```console
+% git clone github.com/moleike/haskell-jsonnet.git
+% cd haskell-jsonnet
+% stack build
 ```
 
+## Install
+
+```console
+% stack install # to install
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+```console
+% hs-jsonnet --help
+Usage: hs-jsonnet [-v|--version] [-e|--exec] [<filename>] 
+                  [-o|--output-file <filename>] [-S|--string]
+
+Available options:
+  -v,--version             Print version of the program
+  -h,--help                Show this help text
+  -e,--exec                Treat filename as code
+  <filename>               Jsonnet source file or stdin
+  -o,--output-file <filename>
+                           Write to the output file rather than stdout
+  -S,--string              Expect a string, manifest as plain text
+```
+
+## Output formats
+
+By default Jsonnet programs evaluate to a JSON document, serialized using `aeson`. 
+
+The `std` library provides several methods to output other formats, e.g. 
+to generate a Yaml stream instead:
+
+``` console
+% hs-jsonnet -S -e "std.manifestYamlStream(['a', 1, []])"
+---
+"a"
+---
+1
+---
+[]
+...
+```
+
+Note the we need to use the option `-S` to output a verbatim string, instead of default JSON.
+
+Similarly, to output prettified JSON: 
+
+``` console
+% cat pretty.jsonnet 
+std.manifestJsonEx(
+{
+    x: [1, 2, 3, true, false, null,
+        "string\nstring"],
+    y: { a: 1, b: 2, c: [1, 2] },
+}, "    ")
+
+% hs-jsonnet -S pretty.jsonnet
+{
+    "x": [
+        1,
+        2,
+        3,
+        true,
+        false,
+        null,
+        "string\nstring"
+    ],
+    "y": {
+        "a": 1,
+        "b": 2,
+        "c": [
+            1,
+            2
+        ]
+    }
+}
+```
+
+See the Standard library [documentation][stdlib] for more details.
+
 ## Progress
 
 Here is the implementation status of the main language features:
 
 - [X] array and object comprehension
 - [X] array slices
-- [X] Python-style string formatting                                           
-- [X] text blocks                                                              
-- [X] verbatim strings                                                         
-- [X] object-level locals                                                      
-- [ ] object-level asserts                                                     
-- [X] keyword parameters                                                       
-- [X] default arguments                                                        
-- [ ] top-level arguments                                                      
-- [ ] external variables                                                       
+- [X] Python-style string formatting
+- [X] text blocks
+- [X] verbatim strings
+- [X] object-level locals
+- [ ] object-level asserts
+- [X] keyword parameters
+- [X] default arguments
+- [ ] top-level arguments
+- [ ] external variables
 - [X] hidden fields ([@CristhianMotoche](https://github.com/CristhianMotoche)) 
-- [X] tailstrict annotation                                                    
+- [X] tailstrict annotation
 
 OO features are implemented but need some more work:
+
 - [X] `self` keyword
 - [X] `super` keyword
-- [X] outermost object reference `$`                                           
+- [X] outermost object reference `$`
 - [X] object composition (merging objects)
-- [X] field composition (`+:` field syntax)                      
+- [X] field composition (`+:` field syntax)
 
 [//]: # "Implementation overview"
 
+## Benchmarks
 
+Preliminary [results][benchmark-gist] using the benchmarks [here][cpp-benchmarks] 
+for comparison.
 
 ## Contributing
 
@@ -51,7 +135,8 @@
 
 ## Acknowledgments
 
-I took inspiration from [Expresso][Expresso], [hnix][hnix], [fixplate][fixplate], and numerous other libraries. Thanks to their authors.
+I took inspiration from [Expresso][Expresso], [hnix][hnix], [fixplate][fixplate], 
+and numerous other libraries. Thanks to their authors.
 
 ## License
 
@@ -69,5 +154,7 @@
 [contributing]: https://github.com/moleike/haskell-jsonnet/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md
 [license]: https://github.com/moleike/haskell-jsonnet/blob/master/LICENSE
 [cpp-jsonnet]: https://github.com/google/jsonnet
+[cpp-benchmarks]: https://github.com/google/jsonnet/tree/master/benchmarks
 [go-jsonnet]: https://github.com/google/go-jsonnet
-
+[benchmark-gist]: https://gist.github.com/moleike/17d5de15be06b05ddad317fe1fcf95a5
+[stdlib]: https://jsonnet.org/ref/stdlib.html
diff --git a/app/Main.hs b/app/Main.hs
--- a/app/Main.hs
+++ b/app/Main.hs
@@ -18,8 +18,15 @@
 import qualified Data.Text.IO as TIO
 import Data.Version (showVersion)
 import Language.Jsonnet
+import Language.Jsonnet.Annotate
+import Language.Jsonnet.Desugar
 import Language.Jsonnet.Error
-import Language.Jsonnet.Std
+import Language.Jsonnet.Eval
+import Language.Jsonnet.Eval (mergeWith)
+import Language.Jsonnet.Eval.Monad
+import qualified Language.Jsonnet.Std.Lib as Lib
+import Language.Jsonnet.Std.TH (mkStdlib)
+import Language.Jsonnet.Value
 import Options.Applicative
 import Paths_jsonnet (version)
 import Text.PrettyPrint.ANSI.Leijen (Pretty, pretty)
@@ -61,19 +68,22 @@
   FileInput path -> TIO.readFile path
   ExecInput str -> pure (T.pack str)
 
-getStdlib :: IO Value
-getStdlib =
-  runExceptT std >>= \case
-    Right stdlib -> pure stdlib
-    Left err -> error (show $ pretty err)
+-- the jsonnet stdlib is written in both jsonnet and Haskell, here we merge
+-- the native (a small subset) with the interpreted (the splice mkStdlib)
 
+std :: Eval Value
+std = eval core >>= flip mergeObjects Lib.std
+  where
+    core = desugar (annMap (const ()) $mkStdlib)
+    mergeObjects (VObj x) (VObj y) = pure $ VObj (x `mergeWith` y)
+
 mkConfig :: Options -> IO Config
 mkConfig Options {..} = do
   let fname = case input of
         Stdin -> ""
         FileInput path -> path
         ExecInput _ -> ""
-  stdlib <- getStdlib
+  stdlib <- mkThunk std
   pure Config {..}
 
 fileOutput :: Parser Output
diff --git a/jsonnet.cabal b/jsonnet.cabal
--- a/jsonnet.cabal
+++ b/jsonnet.cabal
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 cabal-version:  2.2
 name:           jsonnet
-version:        0.1.0.0
+version:        0.2.0.0
 synopsis:       Jsonnet implementaton in pure Haskell
 description:    Please see the README on GitHub at <https://github.com/moleike/jsonnet-haskell#readme>
 homepage:       https://github.com/moleike/haskell-jsonnet#readme
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 extra-source-files:
     README.md
     CHANGELOG.md
+    stdlib/std.jsonnet
 
 source-repository head
   type: git
@@ -30,20 +31,19 @@
     , Language.Jsonnet.Parser.SrcSpan
     , Language.Jsonnet.Syntax
     , Language.Jsonnet.Syntax.Annotated
-    , Language.Jsonnet.Core
-    , Language.Jsonnet.Check
-    , Language.Jsonnet.Desugar
     , Language.Jsonnet.Annotate
     , Language.Jsonnet.Common
-    , Language.Jsonnet.Eval
-    , Language.Jsonnet.Eval.Monad
     , Language.Jsonnet.Value
-    , Language.Jsonnet.Std
     , Language.Jsonnet.Std.Lib
     , Language.Jsonnet.Std.TH
-    , Language.Jsonnet.Manifest
     , Language.Jsonnet.TH
     , Language.Jsonnet.TH.QQ
+    , Language.Jsonnet.Eval
+    , Language.Jsonnet.Eval.Monad
+    , Language.Jsonnet.Core
+    , Language.Jsonnet.Check
+    , Language.Jsonnet.Desugar
+    , Language.Jsonnet.Manifest
   autogen-modules:
       Paths_jsonnet
   other-modules:
@@ -53,13 +53,13 @@
       src
   build-depends:
     aeson                 >= 1.5.6 && < 1.6,
-    base                  >= 4.14.1 && < 4.15,
+    base                  >= 4.15.0 && < 4.16,
     bytestring            >= 0.10.12 && < 0.11,
-    containers            >= 0.6.2 && < 0.7,
+    containers            >= 0.6.4 && < 0.7,
     scientific            >= 0.3.6 && < 0.4,
     hashable              >= 1.3.1 && < 1.4,
     text                  >= 1.2.4 && < 1.3,
-    template-haskell      >= 2.16.0 && < 2.17,
+    template-haskell      >= 2.17.0 && < 2.18,
     data-fix              >= 0.3.1 && < 0.4,
     transformers-compat   >= 0.6.6 && < 0.7,
     unordered-containers  >= 0.2.13 && < 0.3,
@@ -73,7 +73,8 @@
     megaparsec            >= 9.0.1 && < 9.1,
     parser-combinators    >= 1.3.0 && < 1.4,
     semigroupoids         >= 5.3.5 && < 5.4,
-    unbound-generics      >= 0.4.1 && < 0.5
+    unbound-generics      >= 0.4.1 && < 0.5,
+    optparse-applicative  >= 0.16.1 && < 0.17
   default-language: Haskell2010
   default-extensions:
       MultiParamTypeClasses
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@
     , DeriveGeneric
     , LambdaCase
 
-executable jsonnet
+executable hs-jsonnet
   main-is: Main.hs
   other-modules:
       Paths_jsonnet
@@ -90,14 +91,14 @@
       app
   ghc-options: -threaded -rtsopts -with-rtsopts=-N
   build-depends:
-    jsonnet,
-    base                  >= 4.14.1 && < 4.15,
-    optparse-applicative  >= 0.16.1 && < 0.17,
-    text                  >= 1.2.4 && < 1.3,
-    ansi-wl-pprint        >= 0.6.9 && < 0.7,
-    mtl                   >= 2.2.2 && < 2.3,
-    bytestring            >= 0.10.12 && < 0.11,
-    aeson                 >= 1.5.6 && < 1.6
+      jsonnet
+    , base
+    , optparse-applicative
+    , text
+    , ansi-wl-pprint
+    , mtl
+    , bytestring
+    , aeson
   default-language: Haskell2010
 
 test-suite jsonnet-test
diff --git a/src/Language/Jsonnet.hs b/src/Language/Jsonnet.hs
--- a/src/Language/Jsonnet.hs
+++ b/src/Language/Jsonnet.hs
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
     Value (..),
     runJsonnetM,
     parse,
-    desugar,
     evaluate,
   )
 where
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@
 
 data Config = Config
   { fname :: FilePath,
-    stdlib :: Value
+    stdlib :: Thunk
   }
 
 runJsonnetM :: Config -> JsonnetM a -> IO (Either Error a)
@@ -91,7 +90,7 @@
 -- evaluate a Core expression with the implicit stdlib
 evaluate :: Core -> JsonnetM JSON.Value
 evaluate expr = do
-  ctx <- singleton "std" . TV . pure <$> asks stdlib
+  ctx <- singleton "std" <$> asks stdlib
   JsonnetM $
     lift $
       runEval (emptyEnv {ctx = ctx}) ((eval >=> manifest) expr)
diff --git a/src/Language/Jsonnet/Common.hs b/src/Language/Jsonnet/Common.hs
--- a/src/Language/Jsonnet/Common.hs
+++ b/src/Language/Jsonnet/Common.hs
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@
   forced :: a -> Bool
   hidden :: a -> Bool
 
-data Hideable a = Hideable a Visibility
+data Hideable a = Hideable {value :: a, visiblity :: Visibility}
   deriving
     ( Eq,
       Read,
diff --git a/src/Language/Jsonnet/Eval.hs-boot b/src/Language/Jsonnet/Eval.hs-boot
--- a/src/Language/Jsonnet/Eval.hs-boot
+++ b/src/Language/Jsonnet/Eval.hs-boot
@@ -6,5 +6,4 @@
 import {-# SOURCE #-} Language.Jsonnet.Value (Thunk, Value)
 
 eval :: Core -> Eval Value
-
 evalClos :: Ctx -> Fun -> [Arg Thunk] -> Eval Value
diff --git a/src/Language/Jsonnet/Std.hs b/src/Language/Jsonnet/Std.hs
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/src/Language/Jsonnet/Std.hs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-{-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase #-}
-{-# LANGUAGE QuasiQuotes #-}
-{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
-{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell #-}
-
-module Language.Jsonnet.Std
-  ( std,
-  )
-where
-
-import Control.Monad.Except
-import Language.Jsonnet.Annotate
-import Language.Jsonnet.Desugar
-import Language.Jsonnet.Error
-import Language.Jsonnet.Eval
-import Language.Jsonnet.Eval (mergeWith)
-import Language.Jsonnet.Eval.Monad
-import qualified Language.Jsonnet.Std.Lib as Lib
-import Language.Jsonnet.Std.TH (mkStdlib)
-import Language.Jsonnet.Value
-import Prelude hiding (length)
-
--- the jsonnet stdlib is written in both jsonnet and Haskell, here we merge
--- the native (small, Haskell) with the interpreted (the splice mkStdlib)
-std :: ExceptT Error IO Value
-std = do
-  ast <- pure $(mkStdlib)
-  core <- pure $ desugar (annMap (const ()) ast)
-  runEval emptyEnv (eval core >>= flip mergeObjects Lib.std)
-  where
-    mergeObjects (VObj x) (VObj y) = pure $ VObj (x `mergeWith` y)
diff --git a/src/Language/Jsonnet/Std/Lib.hs b/src/Language/Jsonnet/Std/Lib.hs
--- a/src/Language/Jsonnet/Std/Lib.hs
+++ b/src/Language/Jsonnet/Std/Lib.hs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 import Data.Aeson (FromJSON (..))
 import qualified Data.Aeson as JSON
 import qualified Data.ByteString as B
+import Data.Foldable (foldrM)
 import Data.HashMap.Lazy (HashMap)
 import qualified Data.HashMap.Lazy as H
 import Data.List (sort)
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@
         (\(k, v) -> (k, pure v))
         [ ("type", inj valueType),
           ("primitiveEquals", inj primitiveEquals),
+          ("equals", inj equals),
           ("length", inj length),
           ("pow", inj ((^^) @Double @Int)),
           ("exp", inj (exp @Double)),
@@ -78,14 +80,37 @@
 primitiveEquals (VBool a) (VBool b) = pure (a == b)
 primitiveEquals (VStr a) (VStr b) = pure (a == b)
 primitiveEquals (VNum a) (VNum b) = pure (a == b)
-primitiveEquals _ _ =
+primitiveEquals a b =
   throwE
     ( StdError $
         text $
           T.unpack $
-            "primitiveEquals operates on primitive types"
+            "primitiveEquals operates on primitive types "
+              <> valueType a
+              <> valueType b
     )
 
+equals :: Value -> Value -> Eval Bool
+equals as@(VArr a) bs@(VArr b)
+  | P.length a == P.length b = do
+    as' <- proj as
+    bs' <- proj bs
+    allM (uncurry equals) (zip as' bs')
+  | P.length a /= P.length b = pure False
+equals (VObj a) (VObj b) = do
+  let fields = objectFieldsEx a False
+  if fields /= objectFieldsEx b False
+    then pure False
+    else allM objectFieldEquals fields
+  where
+    objectFieldEquals field = do
+      a' <- force (value $ a H.! field)
+      b' <- force (value $ b H.! field)
+      equals a' b'
+equals a b
+  | valueType a == valueType b = primitiveEquals a b
+equals _ _ = pure False
+
 objectFieldsEx :: Object -> Bool -> [Text]
 objectFieldsEx o True = sort (H.keys o) -- all fields
 objectFieldsEx o False = sort $ H.keys $ H.filter (not . hidden) o -- only visible (incl. forced)
@@ -118,6 +143,9 @@
 thisFile = f <$> gets currentPos
   where
     f = fmap (takeFileName . sourceName . spanBegin)
+
+allM :: Monad m => (a -> m Bool) -> [a] -> m Bool
+allM p = foldrM (\a b -> (&& b) <$> p a) True
 
 instance FromJSON Value where
   parseJSON = \case
diff --git a/src/Language/Jsonnet/Value.hs b/src/Language/Jsonnet/Value.hs
--- a/src/Language/Jsonnet/Value.hs
+++ b/src/Language/Jsonnet/Value.hs
@@ -166,11 +166,6 @@
   proj v = throwTypeMismatch "object" v
   inj = VObj
 
---instance HasValue a => HasValue (Object a) where
---  proj (VObj o) = traverse proj' o
---  proj v = throwTypeMismatch "object" v
---  inj o = VObj $ mkThunk' . inj <$> o
-
 instance {-# OVERLAPS #-} (HasValue a, HasValue b) => HasValue (a -> b) where
   proj v = throwTypeMismatch "impossible" v
   inj f = VFun $ \x -> force x >>= fmap (inj . f) . proj
diff --git a/stdlib/std.jsonnet b/stdlib/std.jsonnet
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stdlib/std.jsonnet
@@ -0,0 +1,1512 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+/* This is the Jsonnet standard library, at least the parts of it that are written in Jsonnet.
+ *
+ * There are some native methods as well, which are defined in the interpreter and added to this
+ * file.  It is never necessary to import std.jsonnet, it is embedded into the interpreter at
+ * compile-time and automatically imported into all other Jsonnet programs.
+ */
+{
+
+  local std = self,
+  local id = function(x) x,
+
+  isString(v):: std.type(v) == 'string',
+  isNumber(v):: std.type(v) == 'number',
+  isBoolean(v):: std.type(v) == 'boolean',
+  isObject(v):: std.type(v) == 'object',
+  isArray(v):: std.type(v) == 'array',
+  isFunction(v):: std.type(v) == 'function',
+
+  toString(a)::
+    if std.type(a) == 'string' then a else '' + a,
+
+  substr(str, from, len)::
+    assert std.isString(str) : 'substr first parameter should be a string, got ' + std.type(str);
+    assert std.isNumber(from) : 'substr second parameter should be a string, got ' + std.type(from);
+    assert std.isNumber(len) : 'substr third parameter should be a string, got ' + std.type(len);
+    assert len >= 0 : 'substr third parameter should be greater than zero, got ' + len;
+    std.join('', std.makeArray(std.max(0, std.min(len, std.length(str) - from)), function(i) str[i + from])),
+
+  startsWith(a, b)::
+    if std.length(a) < std.length(b) then
+      false
+    else
+      std.substr(a, 0, std.length(b)) == b,
+
+  endsWith(a, b)::
+    if std.length(a) < std.length(b) then
+      false
+    else
+      std.substr(a, std.length(a) - std.length(b), std.length(b)) == b,
+
+  lstripChars(str, chars)::
+    if std.length(str) > 0 && std.member(chars, str[0]) then
+      std.lstripChars(str[1:], chars)
+    else
+      str,
+
+  rstripChars(str, chars)::
+    local len = std.length(str);
+    if len > 0 && std.member(chars, str[len - 1]) then
+      std.rstripChars(str[:len - 1], chars)
+    else
+      str,
+
+  stripChars(str, chars)::
+    std.lstripChars(std.rstripChars(str, chars), chars),
+
+  stringChars(str)::
+    std.makeArray(std.length(str), function(i) str[i]),
+
+  local parse_nat(str, base) =
+    assert base > 0 && base <= 16 : 'integer base %d invalid' % base;
+    // These codepoints are in ascending order:
+    local zero_code = std.codepoint('0');
+    local upper_a_code = std.codepoint('A');
+    local lower_a_code = std.codepoint('a');
+    local addDigit(aggregate, char) =
+      local code = std.codepoint(char);
+      local digit = if code >= lower_a_code then
+        code - lower_a_code + 10
+      else if code >= upper_a_code then
+        code - upper_a_code + 10
+      else
+        code - zero_code;
+      assert digit >= 0 && digit < base : '%s is not a base %d integer' % [str, base];
+      base * aggregate + digit;
+    std.foldl(addDigit, std.stringChars(str), 0),
+
+  parseInt(str)::
+    assert std.isString(str) : 'Expected string, got ' + std.type(str);
+    assert std.length(str) > 0 && str != '-' : 'Not an integer: "%s"' % [str];
+    if str[0] == '-' then
+      -parse_nat(str[1:], 10)
+    else
+      parse_nat(str, 10),
+
+  parseOctal(str)::
+    assert std.isString(str) : 'Expected string, got ' + std.type(str);
+    assert std.length(str) > 0 : 'Not an octal number: ""';
+    parse_nat(str, 8),
+
+  parseHex(str)::
+    assert std.isString(str) : 'Expected string, got ' + std.type(str);
+    assert std.length(str) > 0 : 'Not hexadecimal: ""';
+    parse_nat(str, 16),
+
+  split(str, c)::
+    assert std.isString(str) : 'std.split first parameter should be a string, got ' + std.type(str);
+    assert std.isString(c) : 'std.split second parameter should be a string, got ' + std.type(c);
+    assert std.length(c) == 1 : 'std.split second parameter should have length 1, got ' + std.length(c);
+    std.splitLimit(str, c, -1),
+
+  splitLimit(str, c, maxsplits)::
+    assert std.isString(str) : 'std.splitLimit first parameter should be a string, got ' + std.type(str);
+    assert std.isString(c) : 'std.splitLimit second parameter should be a string, got ' + std.type(c);
+    assert std.length(c) == 1 : 'std.splitLimit second parameter should have length 1, got ' + std.length(c);
+    assert std.isNumber(maxsplits) : 'std.splitLimit third parameter should be a number, got ' + std.type(maxsplits);
+    local aux(str, delim, i, arr, v) =
+      local c = str[i];
+      local i2 = i + 1;
+      if i >= std.length(str) then
+        arr + [v]
+      else if c == delim && (maxsplits == -1 || std.length(arr) < maxsplits) then
+        aux(str, delim, i2, arr + [v], '') tailstrict
+      else
+        aux(str, delim, i2, arr, v + c) tailstrict;
+    aux(str, c, 0, [], ''),
+
+  strReplace(str, from, to)::
+    assert std.isString(str);
+    assert std.isString(from);
+    assert std.isString(to);
+    assert from != '' : "'from' string must not be zero length.";
+
+    // Cache for performance.
+    local str_len = std.length(str);
+    local from_len = std.length(from);
+
+    // True if from is at str[i].
+    local found_at(i) = str[i:i + from_len] == from;
+
+    // Return the remainder of 'str' starting with 'start_index' where
+    // all occurrences of 'from' after 'curr_index' are replaced with 'to'.
+    local replace_after(start_index, curr_index, acc) =
+      if curr_index > str_len then
+        acc + str[start_index:curr_index]
+      else if found_at(curr_index) then
+        local new_index = curr_index + std.length(from);
+        replace_after(new_index, new_index, acc + str[start_index:curr_index] + to) tailstrict
+      else
+        replace_after(start_index, curr_index + 1, acc) tailstrict;
+
+    // if from_len==1, then we replace by splitting and rejoining the
+    // string which is much faster than recursing on replace_after
+    if from_len == 1 then
+      std.join(to, std.split(str, from))
+    else
+      replace_after(0, 0, ''),
+
+  asciiUpper(str)::
+    local cp = std.codepoint;
+    local up_letter(c) = if cp(c) >= 97 && cp(c) < 123 then
+      std.char(cp(c) - 32)
+    else
+      c;
+    std.join('', std.map(up_letter, std.stringChars(str))),
+
+  asciiLower(str)::
+    local cp = std.codepoint;
+    local down_letter(c) = if cp(c) >= 65 && cp(c) < 91 then
+      std.char(cp(c) + 32)
+    else
+      c;
+    std.join('', std.map(down_letter, std.stringChars(str))),
+
+  range(from, to)::
+    std.makeArray(to - from + 1, function(i) i + from),
+
+  repeat(what, count)::
+    local joiner =
+      if std.isString(what) then ''
+      else if std.isArray(what) then []
+      else error 'std.repeat first argument must be an array or a string';
+    std.join(joiner, std.makeArray(count, function(i) what)),
+
+  slice(indexable, index, end, step)::
+    local invar =
+      // loop invariant with defaults applied
+      {
+        indexable: indexable,
+        index:
+          if index == null then 0
+          else index,
+        end:
+          if end == null then std.length(indexable)
+          else end,
+        step:
+          if step == null then 1
+          else step,
+        length: std.length(indexable),
+        type: std.type(indexable),
+      };
+    assert invar.index >= 0 && invar.end >= 0 && invar.step >= 0 : 'got [%s:%s:%s] but negative index, end, and steps are not supported' % [invar.index, invar.end, invar.step];
+    assert step != 0 : 'got %s but step must be greater than 0' % step;
+    assert std.isString(indexable) || std.isArray(indexable) : 'std.slice accepts a string or an array, but got: %s' % std.type(indexable);
+    local build(slice, cur) =
+      if cur >= invar.end || cur >= invar.length then
+        slice
+      else
+        build(
+          if invar.type == 'string' then
+            slice + invar.indexable[cur]
+          else
+            slice + [invar.indexable[cur]],
+          cur + invar.step
+        ) tailstrict;
+    build(if invar.type == 'string' then '' else [], invar.index),
+
+  member(arr, x)::
+    if std.isArray(arr) then
+      std.count(arr, x) > 0
+    else if std.isString(arr) then
+      std.length(std.findSubstr(x, arr)) > 0
+    else error 'std.member first argument must be an array or a string',
+
+  count(arr, x):: std.length(std.filter(function(v) v == x, arr)),
+
+  mod(a, b)::
+    if std.isNumber(a) && std.isNumber(b) then
+      std.modulo(a, b)
+    else if std.isString(a) then
+      std.format(a, b)
+    else
+      error 'Operator % cannot be used on types ' + std.type(a) + ' and ' + std.type(b) + '.',
+
+  map(func, arr)::
+    if !std.isFunction(func) then
+      error ('std.map first param must be function, got ' + std.type(func))
+    else if !std.isArray(arr) && !std.isString(arr) then
+      error ('std.map second param must be array / string, got ' + std.type(arr))
+    else
+      std.makeArray(std.length(arr), function(i) func(arr[i])),
+
+  mapWithIndex(func, arr)::
+    if !std.isFunction(func) then
+      error ('std.mapWithIndex first param must be function, got ' + std.type(func))
+    else if !std.isArray(arr) && !std.isString(arr) then
+      error ('std.mapWithIndex second param must be array, got ' + std.type(arr))
+    else
+      std.makeArray(std.length(arr), function(i) func(i, arr[i])),
+
+  mapWithKey(func, obj)::
+    if !std.isFunction(func) then
+      error ('std.mapWithKey first param must be function, got ' + std.type(func))
+    else if !std.isObject(obj) then
+      error ('std.mapWithKey second param must be object, got ' + std.type(obj))
+    else
+      { [k]: func(k, obj[k]) for k in std.objectFields(obj) },
+
+  flatMap(func, arr)::
+    if !std.isFunction(func) then
+      error ('std.flatMap first param must be function, got ' + std.type(func))
+    else if std.isArray(arr) then
+      std.flattenArrays(std.makeArray(std.length(arr), function(i) func(arr[i])))
+    else if std.isString(arr) then
+      std.join('', std.makeArray(std.length(arr), function(i) func(arr[i])))
+    else error ('std.flatMap second param must be array / string, got ' + std.type(arr)),
+
+  join(sep, arr)::
+    local aux(arr, i, first, running) =
+      if i >= std.length(arr) then
+        running
+      else if arr[i] == null then
+        aux(arr, i + 1, first, running) tailstrict
+      else if std.type(arr[i]) != std.type(sep) then
+        error 'expected %s but arr[%d] was %s ' % [std.type(sep), i, std.type(arr[i])]
+      else if first then
+        aux(arr, i + 1, false, running + arr[i]) tailstrict
+      else
+        aux(arr, i + 1, false, running + sep + arr[i]) tailstrict;
+    if !std.isArray(arr) then
+      error 'join second parameter should be array, got ' + std.type(arr)
+    else if std.isString(sep) then
+      aux(arr, 0, true, '')
+    else if std.isArray(sep) then
+      aux(arr, 0, true, [])
+    else
+      error 'join first parameter should be string or array, got ' + std.type(sep),
+
+  lines(arr)::
+    std.join('\n', arr + ['']),
+
+  deepJoin(arr)::
+    if std.isString(arr) then
+      arr
+    else if std.isArray(arr) then
+      std.join('', [std.deepJoin(x) for x in arr])
+    else
+      error 'Expected string or array, got %s' % std.type(arr),
+
+
+  format(str, vals)::
+
+    /////////////////////////////
+    // Parse the mini-language //
+    /////////////////////////////
+
+    local try_parse_mapping_key(str, i) =
+      assert i < std.length(str) : 'Truncated format code.';
+      local c = str[i];
+      if c == '(' then
+        local consume(str, j, v) =
+          if j >= std.length(str) then
+            error 'Truncated format code.'
+          else
+            local c = str[j];
+            if c != ')' then
+              consume(str, j + 1, v + c)
+            else
+              { i: j + 1, v: v };
+        consume(str, i + 1, '')
+      else
+        { i: i, v: null };
+
+    local try_parse_cflags(str, i) =
+      local consume(str, j, v) =
+        assert j < std.length(str) : 'Truncated format code.';
+        local c = str[j];
+        if c == '#' then
+          consume(str, j + 1, v { alt: true })
+        else if c == '0' then
+          consume(str, j + 1, v { zero: true })
+        else if c == '-' then
+          consume(str, j + 1, v { left: true })
+        else if c == ' ' then
+          consume(str, j + 1, v { blank: true })
+        else if c == '+' then
+          consume(str, j + 1, v { plus: true })
+        else
+          { i: j, v: v };
+      consume(str, i, { alt: false, zero: false, left: false, blank: false, plus: false });
+
+    local try_parse_field_width(str, i) =
+      if i < std.length(str) && str[i] == '*' then
+        { i: i + 1, v: '*' }
+      else
+        local consume(str, j, v) =
+          assert j < std.length(str) : 'Truncated format code.';
+          local c = str[j];
+          if c == '0' then
+            consume(str, j + 1, v * 10 + 0)
+          else if c == '1' then
+            consume(str, j + 1, v * 10 + 1)
+          else if c == '2' then
+            consume(str, j + 1, v * 10 + 2)
+          else if c == '3' then
+            consume(str, j + 1, v * 10 + 3)
+          else if c == '4' then
+            consume(str, j + 1, v * 10 + 4)
+          else if c == '5' then
+            consume(str, j + 1, v * 10 + 5)
+          else if c == '6' then
+            consume(str, j + 1, v * 10 + 6)
+          else if c == '7' then
+            consume(str, j + 1, v * 10 + 7)
+          else if c == '8' then
+            consume(str, j + 1, v * 10 + 8)
+          else if c == '9' then
+            consume(str, j + 1, v * 10 + 9)
+          else
+            { i: j, v: v };
+        consume(str, i, 0);
+
+    local try_parse_precision(str, i) =
+      assert i < std.length(str) : 'Truncated format code.';
+      local c = str[i];
+      if c == '.' then
+        try_parse_field_width(str, i + 1)
+      else
+        { i: i, v: null };
+
+    // Ignored, if it exists.
+    local try_parse_length_modifier(str, i) =
+      assert i < std.length(str) : 'Truncated format code.';
+      local c = str[i];
+      if c == 'h' || c == 'l' || c == 'L' then
+        i + 1
+      else
+        i;
+
+    local parse_conv_type(str, i) =
+      assert i < std.length(str) : 'Truncated format code.';
+      local c = str[i];
+      if c == 'd' || c == 'i' || c == 'u' then
+        { i: i + 1, v: 'd', caps: false }
+      else if c == 'o' then
+        { i: i + 1, v: 'o', caps: false }
+      else if c == 'x' then
+        { i: i + 1, v: 'x', caps: false }
+      else if c == 'X' then
+        { i: i + 1, v: 'x', caps: true }
+      else if c == 'e' then
+        { i: i + 1, v: 'e', caps: false }
+      else if c == 'E' then
+        { i: i + 1, v: 'e', caps: true }
+      else if c == 'f' then
+        { i: i + 1, v: 'f', caps: false }
+      else if c == 'F' then
+        { i: i + 1, v: 'f', caps: true }
+      else if c == 'g' then
+        { i: i + 1, v: 'g', caps: false }
+      else if c == 'G' then
+        { i: i + 1, v: 'g', caps: true }
+      else if c == 'c' then
+        { i: i + 1, v: 'c', caps: false }
+      else if c == 's' then
+        { i: i + 1, v: 's', caps: false }
+      else if c == '%' then
+        { i: i + 1, v: '%', caps: false }
+      else
+        error 'Unrecognised conversion type: ' + c;
+
+
+    // Parsed initial %, now the rest.
+    local parse_code(str, i) =
+      assert i < std.length(str) : 'Truncated format code.';
+      local mkey = try_parse_mapping_key(str, i);
+      local cflags = try_parse_cflags(str, mkey.i);
+      local fw = try_parse_field_width(str, cflags.i);
+      local prec = try_parse_precision(str, fw.i);
+      local len_mod = try_parse_length_modifier(str, prec.i);
+      local ctype = parse_conv_type(str, len_mod);
+      {
+        i: ctype.i,
+        code: {
+          mkey: mkey.v,
+          cflags: cflags.v,
+          fw: fw.v,
+          prec: prec.v,
+          ctype: ctype.v,
+          caps: ctype.caps,
+        },
+      };
+
+    // Parse a format string (containing none or more % format tags).
+    local parse_codes(str, i, out, cur) =
+      if i >= std.length(str) then
+        out + [cur]
+      else
+        local c = str[i];
+        if c == '%' then
+          local r = parse_code(str, i + 1);
+          parse_codes(str, r.i, out + [cur, r.code], '') tailstrict
+        else
+          parse_codes(str, i + 1, out, cur + c) tailstrict;
+
+    local codes = parse_codes(str, 0, [], '');
+
+
+    ///////////////////////
+    // Format the values //
+    ///////////////////////
+
+    // Useful utilities
+    local padding(w, s) =
+      local aux(w, v) =
+        if w <= 0 then
+          v
+        else
+          aux(w - 1, v + s);
+      aux(w, '');
+
+    // Add s to the left of str so that its length is at least w.
+    local pad_left(str, w, s) =
+      padding(w - std.length(str), s) + str;
+
+    // Add s to the right of str so that its length is at least w.
+    local pad_right(str, w, s) =
+      str + padding(w - std.length(str), s);
+
+    // Render a sign & magnitude integer (radix ranges from decimal to binary).
+    // neg should be a boolean, and when true indicates that we should render a negative number.
+    // mag must always be a whole number >= 0, it's the magnitude of the integer to render
+    // min_chars must be a whole number >= 0
+    //   It is the field width, i.e. std.length() of the result should be >= min_chars
+    // min_digits must be a whole number >= 0. It's the number of zeroes to pad with.
+    // blank must be a boolean, if true adds an additional ' ' in front of a positive number, so
+    // that it is aligned with negative numbers with the same number of digits.
+    // plus must be a boolean, if true adds a '+' in front of a postive number, so that it is
+    // aligned with negative numbers with the same number of digits.  This takes precedence over
+    // blank, if both are true.
+    // radix must be a whole number >1 and <= 10.  It is the base of the system of numerals.
+    // zero_prefix is a string prefixed before the sign to all numbers that are not 0.
+    local render_int(neg, mag, min_chars, min_digits, blank, plus, radix, zero_prefix) =
+      // dec is the minimal string needed to represent the number as text.
+      local dec =
+        if mag == 0 then
+          '0'
+        else
+          local aux(n) =
+            if n == 0 then
+              zero_prefix
+            else
+              aux(std.floor(n / radix)) + (n % radix);
+          aux(mag);
+      local zp = min_chars - (if neg || blank || plus then 1 else 0);
+      local zp2 = std.max(zp, min_digits);
+      local dec2 = pad_left(dec, zp2, '0');
+      (if neg then '-' else if plus then '+' else if blank then ' ' else '') + dec2;
+
+    // Render an integer in hexadecimal.
+    local render_hex(n__, min_chars, min_digits, blank, plus, add_zerox, capitals) =
+      local numerals = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
+                       + if capitals then ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F']
+                       else ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'];
+      local n_ = std.abs(n__);
+      local aux(n) =
+        if n == 0 then
+          ''
+        else
+          aux(std.floor(n / 16)) + numerals[n % 16];
+      local hex = if std.floor(n_) == 0 then '0' else aux(std.floor(n_));
+      local neg = n__ < 0;
+      local zp = min_chars - (if neg || blank || plus then 1 else 0)
+                 - (if add_zerox then 2 else 0);
+      local zp2 = std.max(zp, min_digits);
+      local hex2 = (if add_zerox then (if capitals then '0X' else '0x') else '')
+                   + pad_left(hex, zp2, '0');
+      (if neg then '-' else if plus then '+' else if blank then ' ' else '') + hex2;
+
+    local strip_trailing_zero(str) =
+      local aux(str, i) =
+        if i < 0 then
+          ''
+        else
+          if str[i] == '0' then
+            aux(str, i - 1)
+          else
+            std.substr(str, 0, i + 1);
+      aux(str, std.length(str) - 1);
+
+    // Render floating point in decimal form
+    local render_float_dec(n__, zero_pad, blank, plus, ensure_pt, trailing, prec) =
+      local n_ = std.abs(n__);
+      local whole = std.floor(n_);
+      // Represent the rounded number as an integer * 1/10**prec.
+      // Note that it can also be equal to 10**prec and we'll need to carry
+      // over to the wholes.  We operate on the absolute numbers, so that we
+      // don't have trouble with the rounding direction.
+      local denominator = std.pow(10, prec);
+      local numerator = std.abs(n_) * denominator + 0.5;
+      local whole = std.sign(n_) * std.floor(numerator / denominator);
+      local frac = std.floor(numerator) % denominator;
+      local dot_size = if prec == 0 && !ensure_pt then 0 else 1;
+      local zp = zero_pad - prec - dot_size;
+      local str = render_int(n__ < 0, whole, zp, 0, blank, plus, 10, '');
+      if prec == 0 then
+        str + if ensure_pt then '.' else ''
+      else
+        if trailing || frac > 0 then
+          local frac_str = render_int(false, frac, prec, 0, false, false, 10, '');
+          str + '.' + if !trailing then strip_trailing_zero(frac_str) else frac_str
+        else
+          str;
+
+    // Render floating point in scientific form
+    local render_float_sci(n__, zero_pad, blank, plus, ensure_pt, trailing, caps, prec) =
+      local exponent = if n__ == 0 then 0 else std.floor(std.log(std.abs(n__)) / std.log(10));
+      local suff = (if caps then 'E' else 'e')
+                   + render_int(exponent < 0, std.abs(exponent), 3, 0, false, true, 10, '');
+      local mantissa = if exponent == -324 then
+        // Avoid a rounding error where std.pow(10, -324) is 0
+        // -324 is the smallest exponent possible.
+        n__ * 10 / std.pow(10, exponent + 1)
+      else
+        n__ / std.pow(10, exponent);
+      local zp2 = zero_pad - std.length(suff);
+      render_float_dec(mantissa, zp2, blank, plus, ensure_pt, trailing, prec) + suff;
+
+    // Render a value with an arbitrary format code.
+    local format_code(val, code, fw, prec_or_null, i) =
+      local cflags = code.cflags;
+      local fpprec = if prec_or_null != null then prec_or_null else 6;
+      local iprec = if prec_or_null != null then prec_or_null else 0;
+      local zp = if cflags.zero && !cflags.left then fw else 0;
+      if code.ctype == 's' then
+        std.toString(val)
+      else if code.ctype == 'd' then
+        if std.type(val) != 'number' then
+          error 'Format required number at '
+                + i + ', got ' + std.type(val)
+        else
+          render_int(val <= -1, std.floor(std.abs(val)), zp, iprec, cflags.blank, cflags.plus, 10, '')
+      else if code.ctype == 'o' then
+        if std.type(val) != 'number' then
+          error 'Format required number at '
+                + i + ', got ' + std.type(val)
+        else
+          local zero_prefix = if cflags.alt then '0' else '';
+          render_int(val <= -1, std.floor(std.abs(val)), zp, iprec, cflags.blank, cflags.plus, 8, zero_prefix)
+      else if code.ctype == 'x' then
+        if std.type(val) != 'number' then
+          error 'Format required number at '
+                + i + ', got ' + std.type(val)
+        else
+          render_hex(std.floor(val),
+                     zp,
+                     iprec,
+                     cflags.blank,
+                     cflags.plus,
+                     cflags.alt,
+                     code.caps)
+      else if code.ctype == 'f' then
+        if std.type(val) != 'number' then
+          error 'Format required number at '
+                + i + ', got ' + std.type(val)
+        else
+          render_float_dec(val,
+                           zp,
+                           cflags.blank,
+                           cflags.plus,
+                           cflags.alt,
+                           true,
+                           fpprec)
+      else if code.ctype == 'e' then
+        if std.type(val) != 'number' then
+          error 'Format required number at '
+                + i + ', got ' + std.type(val)
+        else
+          render_float_sci(val,
+                           zp,
+                           cflags.blank,
+                           cflags.plus,
+                           cflags.alt,
+                           true,
+                           code.caps,
+                           fpprec)
+      else if code.ctype == 'g' then
+        if std.type(val) != 'number' then
+          error 'Format required number at '
+                + i + ', got ' + std.type(val)
+        else
+          local exponent = std.floor(std.log(std.abs(val)) / std.log(10));
+          if exponent < -4 || exponent >= fpprec then
+            render_float_sci(val,
+                             zp,
+                             cflags.blank,
+                             cflags.plus,
+                             cflags.alt,
+                             cflags.alt,
+                             code.caps,
+                             fpprec - 1)
+          else
+            local digits_before_pt = std.max(1, exponent + 1);
+            render_float_dec(val,
+                             zp,
+                             cflags.blank,
+                             cflags.plus,
+                             cflags.alt,
+                             cflags.alt,
+                             fpprec - digits_before_pt)
+      else if code.ctype == 'c' then
+        if std.type(val) == 'number' then
+          std.char(val)
+        else if std.type(val) == 'string' then
+          if std.length(val) == 1 then
+            val
+          else
+            error '%c expected 1-sized string got: ' + std.length(val)
+        else
+          error '%c expected number / string, got: ' + std.type(val)
+      else
+        error 'Unknown code: ' + code.ctype;
+
+    // Render a parsed format string with an array of values.
+    local format_codes_arr(codes, arr, i, j, v) =
+      if i >= std.length(codes) then
+        if j < std.length(arr) then
+          error ('Too many values to format: ' + std.length(arr) + ', expected ' + j)
+        else
+          v
+      else
+        local code = codes[i];
+        if std.type(code) == 'string' then
+          format_codes_arr(codes, arr, i + 1, j, v + code) tailstrict
+        else
+          local tmp = if code.fw == '*' then {
+            j: j + 1,
+            fw: if j >= std.length(arr) then
+              error ('Not enough values to format: ' + std.length(arr) + ', expected at least ' + j)
+            else
+              arr[j],
+          } else {
+            j: j,
+            fw: code.fw,
+          };
+          local tmp2 = if code.prec == '*' then {
+            j: tmp.j + 1,
+            prec: if tmp.j >= std.length(arr) then
+              error ('Not enough values to format: ' + std.length(arr) + ', expected at least ' + tmp.j)
+            else
+              arr[tmp.j],
+          } else {
+            j: tmp.j,
+            prec: code.prec,
+          };
+          local j2 = tmp2.j;
+          local val =
+            if j2 < std.length(arr) then
+              arr[j2]
+            else
+              error ('Not enough values to format: ' + std.length(arr) + ', expected more than ' + j2);
+          local s =
+            if code.ctype == '%' then
+              '%'
+            else
+              format_code(val, code, tmp.fw, tmp2.prec, j2);
+          local s_padded =
+            if code.cflags.left then
+              pad_right(s, tmp.fw, ' ')
+            else
+              pad_left(s, tmp.fw, ' ');
+          local j3 =
+            if code.ctype == '%' then
+              j2
+            else
+              j2 + 1;
+          format_codes_arr(codes, arr, i + 1, j3, v + s_padded) tailstrict;
+
+    // Render a parsed format string with an object of values.
+    local format_codes_obj(codes, obj, i, v) =
+      if i >= std.length(codes) then
+        v
+      else
+        local code = codes[i];
+        if std.type(code) == 'string' then
+          format_codes_obj(codes, obj, i + 1, v + code) tailstrict
+        else
+          local f =
+            if code.mkey == null then
+              error 'Mapping keys required.'
+            else
+              code.mkey;
+          local fw =
+            if code.fw == '*' then
+              error 'Cannot use * field width with object.'
+            else
+              code.fw;
+          local prec =
+            if code.prec == '*' then
+              error 'Cannot use * precision with object.'
+            else
+              code.prec;
+          local val =
+            if std.objectHasAll(obj, f) then
+              obj[f]
+            else
+              error 'No such field: ' + f;
+          local s =
+            if code.ctype == '%' then
+              '%'
+            else
+              format_code(val, code, fw, prec, f);
+          local s_padded =
+            if code.cflags.left then
+              pad_right(s, fw, ' ')
+            else
+              pad_left(s, fw, ' ');
+          format_codes_obj(codes, obj, i + 1, v + s_padded) tailstrict;
+
+    if std.isArray(vals) then
+      format_codes_arr(codes, vals, 0, 0, '')
+    else if std.isObject(vals) then
+      format_codes_obj(codes, vals, 0, '')
+    else
+      format_codes_arr(codes, [vals], 0, 0, ''),
+
+  foldr(func, arr, init)::
+    local aux(func, arr, running, idx) =
+      if idx < 0 then
+        running
+      else
+        aux(func, arr, func(arr[idx], running), idx - 1) tailstrict;
+    aux(func, arr, init, std.length(arr) - 1),
+
+  foldl(func, arr, init)::
+    local aux(func, arr, running, idx) =
+      if idx >= std.length(arr) then
+        running
+      else
+        aux(func, arr, func(running, arr[idx]), idx + 1) tailstrict;
+    aux(func, arr, init, 0),
+
+
+  filterMap(filter_func, map_func, arr)::
+    if !std.isFunction(filter_func) then
+      error ('std.filterMap first param must be function, got ' + std.type(filter_func))
+    else if !std.isFunction(map_func) then
+      error ('std.filterMap second param must be function, got ' + std.type(map_func))
+    else if !std.isArray(arr) then
+      error ('std.filterMap third param must be array, got ' + std.type(arr))
+    else
+      std.map(map_func, std.filter(filter_func, arr)),
+
+  assertEqual(a, b)::
+    if a == b then
+      true
+    else
+      error 'Assertion failed. ' + a + ' != ' + b,
+
+  abs(n)::
+    if !std.isNumber(n) then
+      error 'std.abs expected number, got ' + std.type(n)
+    else
+      if n > 0 then n else -n,
+
+  sign(n)::
+    if !std.isNumber(n) then
+      error 'std.sign expected number, got ' + std.type(n)
+    else
+      if n > 0 then
+        1
+      else if n < 0 then
+        -1
+      else 0,
+
+  max(a, b)::
+    if !std.isNumber(a) then
+      error 'std.max first param expected number, got ' + std.type(a)
+    else if !std.isNumber(b) then
+      error 'std.max second param expected number, got ' + std.type(b)
+    else
+      if a > b then a else b,
+
+  min(a, b)::
+    if !std.isNumber(a) then
+      error 'std.min first param expected number, got ' + std.type(a)
+    else if !std.isNumber(b) then
+      error 'std.min second param expected number, got ' + std.type(b)
+    else
+      if a < b then a else b,
+
+  clamp(x, minVal, maxVal)::
+    if x < minVal then minVal
+    else if x > maxVal then maxVal
+    else x,
+
+  flattenArrays(arrs)::
+    std.foldl(function(a, b) a + b, arrs, []),
+
+  manifestIni(ini)::
+    local body_lines(body) =
+      std.join([], [
+        local value_or_values = body[k];
+        if std.isArray(value_or_values) then
+          ['%s = %s' % [k, value] for value in value_or_values]
+        else
+          ['%s = %s' % [k, value_or_values]]
+
+        for k in std.objectFields(body)
+      ]);
+
+    local section_lines(sname, sbody) = ['[%s]' % [sname]] + body_lines(sbody),
+          main_body = if std.objectHas(ini, 'main') then body_lines(ini.main) else [],
+          all_sections = [
+      section_lines(k, ini.sections[k])
+      for k in std.objectFields(ini.sections)
+    ];
+    std.join('\n', main_body + std.flattenArrays(all_sections) + ['']),
+
+  manifestToml(value):: std.manifestTomlEx(value, '  '),
+
+  manifestTomlEx(value, indent)::
+    local
+      escapeStringToml = std.escapeStringJson,
+      escapeKeyToml(key) =
+        local bare_allowed = std.set(std.stringChars("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_-"));
+        if std.setUnion(std.set(std.stringChars(key)), bare_allowed) == bare_allowed then key else escapeStringToml(key),
+      isTableArray(v) = std.isArray(v) && std.length(v) > 0 && std.foldl(function(a, b) a && std.isObject(b), v, true),
+      isSection(v) = std.isObject(v) || isTableArray(v),
+      renderValue(v, indexedPath, inline, cindent) =
+        if v == true then
+          'true'
+        else if v == false then
+          'false'
+        else if v == null then
+          error 'Tried to manifest "null" at ' + indexedPath
+        else if std.isNumber(v) then
+          '' + v
+        else if std.isString(v) then
+          escapeStringToml(v)
+        else if std.isFunction(v) then
+          error 'Tried to manifest function at ' + indexedPath
+        else if std.isArray(v) then
+          if std.length(v) == 0 then
+            '[]'
+          else
+            local range = std.range(0, std.length(v) - 1);
+            local new_indent = if inline then '' else cindent + indent;
+            local separator = if inline then ' ' else '\n';
+            local lines = ['[' + separator]
+                          + std.join([',' + separator],
+                                    [
+                                      [new_indent + renderValue(v[i], indexedPath + [i], true, '')]
+                                      for i in range
+                                    ])
+                          + [separator + (if inline then '' else cindent) + ']'];
+            std.join('', lines)
+        else if std.isObject(v) then
+          local lines = ['{ ']
+                        + std.join([', '],
+                                  [
+                                    [escapeKeyToml(k) + ' = ' + renderValue(v[k], indexedPath + [k], true, '')]
+                                    for k in std.objectFields(v)
+                                  ])
+                        + [' }'];
+          std.join('', lines),
+      renderTableInternal(v, path, indexedPath, cindent) =
+        local kvp = std.flattenArrays([
+          [cindent + escapeKeyToml(k) + ' = ' + renderValue(v[k], indexedPath + [k], false, cindent)]
+          for k in std.objectFields(v)
+          if !isSection(v[k])
+        ]);
+        local sections = [std.join('\n', kvp)] + [
+          (if std.isObject(v[k]) then
+            renderTable(v[k], path + [k], indexedPath + [k], cindent)
+          else
+            renderTableArray(v[k], path + [k], indexedPath + [k], cindent)
+          )
+          for k in std.objectFields(v)
+          if isSection(v[k])
+        ];
+        std.join('\n\n', sections),
+      renderTable(v, path, indexedPath, cindent) =
+        cindent + '[' + std.join('.', std.map(escapeKeyToml, path)) + ']'
+        + (if v == {} then '' else '\n')
+        + renderTableInternal(v, path, indexedPath, cindent + indent),
+      renderTableArray(v, path, indexedPath, cindent) =
+        local range = std.range(0, std.length(v) - 1);
+        local sections = [
+          (cindent + '[[' + std.join('.', std.map(escapeKeyToml, path)) + ']]'
+          + (if v[i] == {} then '' else '\n')
+          + renderTableInternal(v[i], path, indexedPath + [i], cindent + indent))
+          for i in range
+        ];
+        std.join('\n\n', sections);
+    if std.isObject(value) then
+      renderTableInternal(value, [], [], '')
+    else
+      error 'TOML body must be an object. Got ' + std.type(value),
+
+  escapeStringJson(str_)::
+    local str = std.toString(str_);
+    local trans(ch) =
+      if ch == '"' then
+        '\\"'
+      else if ch == '\\' then
+        '\\\\'
+      else if ch == '\b' then
+        '\\b'
+      else if ch == '\f' then
+        '\\f'
+      else if ch == '\n' then
+        '\\n'
+      else if ch == '\r' then
+        '\\r'
+      else if ch == '\t' then
+        '\\t'
+      else
+        local cp = std.codepoint(ch);
+        if cp < 32 || (cp >= 127 && cp <= 159) then
+          '\\u%04x' % [cp]
+        else
+          ch;
+    '"%s"' % std.join('', [trans(ch) for ch in std.stringChars(str)]),
+
+  escapeStringPython(str)::
+    std.escapeStringJson(str),
+
+  escapeStringBash(str_)::
+    local str = std.toString(str_);
+    local trans(ch) =
+      if ch == "'" then
+        "'\"'\"'"
+      else
+        ch;
+    "'%s'" % std.join('', [trans(ch) for ch in std.stringChars(str)]),
+
+  escapeStringDollars(str_)::
+    local str = std.toString(str_);
+    local trans(ch) =
+      if ch == '$' then
+        '$$'
+      else
+        ch;
+    std.foldl(function(a, b) a + trans(b), std.stringChars(str), ''),
+
+  manifestJson(value):: std.manifestJsonEx(value, '    '),
+
+  manifestJsonMinified(value):: std.manifestJsonEx(value, '', '', ':'),
+
+  manifestJsonEx(value, indent, newline='\n', key_val_sep=': ')::
+    local aux(v, path, cindent) =
+      if v == true then
+        'true'
+      else if v == false then
+        'false'
+      else if v == null then
+        'null'
+      else if std.isNumber(v) then
+        '' + v
+      else if std.isString(v) then
+        std.escapeStringJson(v)
+      else if std.isFunction(v) then
+        error 'Tried to manifest function at ' + path
+      else if std.isArray(v) then
+        local range = std.range(0, std.length(v) - 1);
+        local new_indent = cindent + indent;
+        local lines = ['[' + newline]
+                      + std.join([',' + newline],
+                                 [
+                                   [new_indent + aux(v[i], path + [i], new_indent)]
+                                   for i in range
+                                 ])
+                      + [newline + cindent + ']'];
+        std.join('', lines)
+      else if std.isObject(v) then
+        local lines = ['{' + newline]
+                      + std.join([',' + newline],
+                                 [
+                                   [cindent + indent + std.escapeStringJson(k) + key_val_sep
+                                    + aux(v[k], path + [k], cindent + indent)]
+                                   for k in std.objectFields(v)
+                                 ])
+                      + [newline + cindent + '}'];
+        std.join('', lines);
+    aux(value, [], ''),
+
+  manifestYamlDoc(value, indent_array_in_object=false)::
+    local aux(v, path, cindent) =
+      if v == true then
+        'true'
+      else if v == false then
+        'false'
+      else if v == null then
+        'null'
+      else if std.isNumber(v) then
+        '' + v
+      else if std.isString(v) then
+        local len = std.length(v);
+        if len == 0 then
+          '""'
+        else if v[len - 1] == '\n' then
+          local split = std.split(v, '\n');
+          std.join('\n' + cindent + '  ', ['|'] + split[0:std.length(split) - 1])
+        else
+          std.escapeStringJson(v)
+      else if std.isFunction(v) then
+        error 'Tried to manifest function at ' + path
+      else if std.isArray(v) then
+        if std.length(v) == 0 then
+          '[]'
+        else
+          local params(value) =
+            if std.isArray(value) && std.length(value) > 0 then {
+              // While we could avoid the new line, it yields YAML that is
+              // hard to read, e.g.:
+              // - - - 1
+              //     - 2
+              //   - - 3
+              //     - 4
+              new_indent: cindent + '  ',
+              space: '\n' + self.new_indent,
+            } else if std.isObject(value) && std.length(value) > 0 then {
+              new_indent: cindent + '  ',
+              // In this case we can start on the same line as the - because the indentation
+              // matches up then.  The converse is not true, because fields are not always
+              // 1 character long.
+              space: ' ',
+            } else {
+              // In this case, new_indent is only used in the case of multi-line strings.
+              new_indent: cindent,
+              space: ' ',
+            };
+          local range = std.range(0, std.length(v) - 1);
+          local parts = [
+            '-' + param.space + aux(v[i], path + [i], param.new_indent)
+            for i in range
+            for param in [params(v[i])]
+          ];
+          std.join('\n' + cindent, parts)
+      else if std.isObject(v) then
+        if std.length(v) == 0 then
+          '{}'
+        else
+          local params(value) =
+            if std.isArray(value) && std.length(value) > 0 then {
+              // Not indenting allows e.g.
+              // ports:
+              // - 80
+              // instead of
+              // ports:
+              //   - 80
+              new_indent: if indent_array_in_object then cindent + '  ' else cindent,
+              space: '\n' + self.new_indent,
+            } else if std.isObject(value) && std.length(value) > 0 then {
+              new_indent: cindent + '  ',
+              space: '\n' + self.new_indent,
+            } else {
+              // In this case, new_indent is only used in the case of multi-line strings.
+              new_indent: cindent,
+              space: ' ',
+            };
+          local lines = [
+            std.escapeStringJson(k) + ':' + param.space + aux(v[k], path + [k], param.new_indent)
+            for k in std.objectFields(v)
+            for param in [params(v[k])]
+          ];
+          std.join('\n' + cindent, lines);
+    aux(value, [], ''),
+
+  manifestYamlStream(value, indent_array_in_object=false, c_document_end=true)::
+    if !std.isArray(value) then
+      error 'manifestYamlStream only takes arrays, got ' + std.type(value)
+    else
+      '---\n' + std.join(
+        '\n---\n', [std.manifestYamlDoc(e, indent_array_in_object) for e in value]
+      ) + if c_document_end then '\n...\n' else '\n',
+
+
+  manifestPython(v)::
+    if std.isObject(v) then
+      local fields = [
+        '%s: %s' % [std.escapeStringPython(k), std.manifestPython(v[k])]
+        for k in std.objectFields(v)
+      ];
+      '{%s}' % [std.join(', ', fields)]
+    else if std.isArray(v) then
+      '[%s]' % [std.join(', ', [std.manifestPython(v2) for v2 in v])]
+    else if std.isString(v) then
+      '%s' % [std.escapeStringPython(v)]
+    else if std.isFunction(v) then
+      error 'cannot manifest function'
+    else if std.isNumber(v) then
+      std.toString(v)
+    else if v == true then
+      'True'
+    else if v == false then
+      'False'
+    else if v == null then
+      'None',
+
+  manifestPythonVars(conf)::
+    local vars = ['%s = %s' % [k, std.manifestPython(conf[k])] for k in std.objectFields(conf)];
+    std.join('\n', vars + ['']),
+
+  manifestXmlJsonml(value)::
+    if !std.isArray(value) then
+      error 'Expected a JSONML value (an array), got %s' % std.type(value)
+    else
+      local aux(v) =
+        if std.isString(v) then
+          v
+        else
+          local tag = v[0];
+          local has_attrs = std.length(v) > 1 && std.isObject(v[1]);
+          local attrs = if has_attrs then v[1] else {};
+          local children = if has_attrs then v[2:] else v[1:];
+          local attrs_str =
+            std.join('', [' %s="%s"' % [k, attrs[k]] for k in std.objectFields(attrs)]);
+          std.deepJoin(['<', tag, attrs_str, '>', [aux(x) for x in children], '</', tag, '>']);
+
+      aux(value),
+
+  local base64_table = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/',
+  local base64_inv = { [base64_table[i]]: i for i in std.range(0, 63) },
+
+  base64(input)::
+    local bytes =
+      if std.isString(input) then
+        std.map(function(c) std.codepoint(c), input)
+      else
+        input;
+
+    local aux(arr, i, r) =
+      if i >= std.length(arr) then
+        r
+      else if i + 1 >= std.length(arr) then
+        local str =
+          // 6 MSB of i
+          base64_table[(arr[i] & 252) >> 2] +
+          // 2 LSB of i
+          base64_table[(arr[i] & 3) << 4] +
+          '==';
+        aux(arr, i + 3, r + str) tailstrict
+      else if i + 2 >= std.length(arr) then
+        local str =
+          // 6 MSB of i
+          base64_table[(arr[i] & 252) >> 2] +
+          // 2 LSB of i, 4 MSB of i+1
+          base64_table[(arr[i] & 3) << 4 | (arr[i + 1] & 240) >> 4] +
+          // 4 LSB of i+1
+          base64_table[(arr[i + 1] & 15) << 2] +
+          '=';
+        aux(arr, i + 3, r + str) tailstrict
+      else
+        local str =
+          // 6 MSB of i
+          base64_table[(arr[i] & 252) >> 2] +
+          // 2 LSB of i, 4 MSB of i+1
+          base64_table[(arr[i] & 3) << 4 | (arr[i + 1] & 240) >> 4] +
+          // 4 LSB of i+1, 2 MSB of i+2
+          base64_table[(arr[i + 1] & 15) << 2 | (arr[i + 2] & 192) >> 6] +
+          // 6 LSB of i+2
+          base64_table[(arr[i + 2] & 63)];
+        aux(arr, i + 3, r + str) tailstrict;
+
+    local sanity = std.foldl(function(r, a) r && (a < 256), bytes, true);
+    if !sanity then
+      error 'Can only base64 encode strings / arrays of single bytes.'
+    else
+      aux(bytes, 0, ''),
+
+
+  base64DecodeBytes(str)::
+    if std.length(str) % 4 != 0 then
+      error 'Not a base64 encoded string "%s"' % str
+    else
+      local aux(str, i, r) =
+        if i >= std.length(str) then
+          r
+        else
+          // all 6 bits of i, 2 MSB of i+1
+          local n1 = [base64_inv[str[i]] << 2 | (base64_inv[str[i + 1]] >> 4)];
+          // 4 LSB of i+1, 4MSB of i+2
+          local n2 =
+            if str[i + 2] == '=' then []
+            else [(base64_inv[str[i + 1]] & 15) << 4 | (base64_inv[str[i + 2]] >> 2)];
+          // 2 LSB of i+2, all 6 bits of i+3
+          local n3 =
+            if str[i + 3] == '=' then []
+            else [(base64_inv[str[i + 2]] & 3) << 6 | base64_inv[str[i + 3]]];
+          aux(str, i + 4, r + n1 + n2 + n3) tailstrict;
+      aux(str, 0, []),
+
+  base64Decode(str)::
+    local bytes = std.base64DecodeBytes(str);
+    std.join('', std.map(function(b) std.char(b), bytes)),
+
+  reverse(arr)::
+    local l = std.length(arr);
+    std.makeArray(l, function(i) arr[l - i - 1]),
+
+  // Merge-sort for long arrays and naive quicksort for shorter ones
+  sort(arr, keyF=id)::
+    local quickSort(arr, keyF=id) =
+      local l = std.length(arr);
+      if std.length(arr) <= 1 then
+        arr
+      else
+        local pos = 0;
+        local pivot = keyF(arr[pos]);
+        local rest = std.makeArray(l - 1, function(i) if i < pos then arr[i] else arr[i + 1]);
+        local left = std.filter(function(x) keyF(x) < pivot, rest);
+        local right = std.filter(function(x) keyF(x) >= pivot, rest);
+        quickSort(left, keyF) + [arr[pos]] + quickSort(right, keyF);
+
+    local merge(a, b) =
+      local la = std.length(a), lb = std.length(b);
+      local aux(i, j, prefix) =
+        if i == la then
+          prefix + b[j:]
+        else if j == lb then
+          prefix + a[i:]
+        else
+          if keyF(a[i]) <= keyF(b[j]) then
+            aux(i + 1, j, prefix + [a[i]]) tailstrict
+          else
+            aux(i, j + 1, prefix + [b[j]]) tailstrict;
+      aux(0, 0, []);
+
+    local l = std.length(arr);
+    if std.length(arr) <= 30 then
+      quickSort(arr, keyF=keyF)
+    else
+      local mid = std.floor(l / 2);
+      local left = arr[:mid], right = arr[mid:];
+      merge(std.sort(left, keyF=keyF), std.sort(right, keyF=keyF)),
+
+  uniq(arr, keyF=id)::
+    local f(a, b) =
+      if std.length(a) == 0 then
+        [b]
+      else if keyF(a[std.length(a) - 1]) == keyF(b) then
+        a
+      else
+        a + [b];
+    std.foldl(f, arr, []),
+
+  set(arr, keyF=id)::
+    std.uniq(std.sort(arr, keyF), keyF),
+
+  setMember(x, arr, keyF=id)::
+    // TODO(dcunnin): Binary chop for O(log n) complexity
+    std.length(std.setInter([x], arr, keyF)) > 0,
+
+  setUnion(a, b, keyF=id)::
+    // NOTE: order matters, values in `a` win
+    local aux(a, b, i, j, acc) =
+      if i >= std.length(a) then
+        acc + b[j:]
+      else if j >= std.length(b) then
+        acc + a[i:]
+      else
+        local ak = keyF(a[i]);
+        local bk = keyF(b[j]);
+        if ak == bk then
+          aux(a, b, i + 1, j + 1, acc + [a[i]]) tailstrict
+        else if ak < bk then
+          aux(a, b, i + 1, j, acc + [a[i]]) tailstrict
+        else
+          aux(a, b, i, j + 1, acc + [b[j]]) tailstrict;
+    aux(a, b, 0, 0, []),
+
+  setInter(a, b, keyF=id)::
+    local aux(a, b, i, j, acc) =
+      if i >= std.length(a) || j >= std.length(b) then
+        acc
+      else
+        if keyF(a[i]) == keyF(b[j]) then
+          aux(a, b, i + 1, j + 1, acc + [a[i]]) tailstrict
+        else if keyF(a[i]) < keyF(b[j]) then
+          aux(a, b, i + 1, j, acc) tailstrict
+        else
+          aux(a, b, i, j + 1, acc) tailstrict;
+    aux(a, b, 0, 0, []) tailstrict,
+
+  setDiff(a, b, keyF=id)::
+    local aux(a, b, i, j, acc) =
+      if i >= std.length(a) then
+        acc
+      else if j >= std.length(b) then
+        acc + a[i:]
+      else
+        if keyF(a[i]) == keyF(b[j]) then
+          aux(a, b, i + 1, j + 1, acc) tailstrict
+        else if keyF(a[i]) < keyF(b[j]) then
+          aux(a, b, i + 1, j, acc + [a[i]]) tailstrict
+        else
+          aux(a, b, i, j + 1, acc) tailstrict;
+    aux(a, b, 0, 0, []) tailstrict,
+
+  mergePatch(target, patch)::
+    if std.isObject(patch) then
+      local target_object =
+        if std.isObject(target) then target else {};
+
+      local target_fields =
+        if std.isObject(target_object) then std.objectFields(target_object) else [];
+
+      local null_fields = [k for k in std.objectFields(patch) if patch[k] == null];
+      local both_fields = std.setUnion(target_fields, std.objectFields(patch));
+
+      {
+        [k]:
+          if !std.objectHas(patch, k) then
+            target_object[k]
+          else if !std.objectHas(target_object, k) then
+            std.mergePatch(null, patch[k]) tailstrict
+          else
+            std.mergePatch(target_object[k], patch[k]) tailstrict
+        for k in std.setDiff(both_fields, null_fields)
+      }
+    else
+      patch,
+
+  objectFields(o)::
+    std.objectFieldsEx(o, false),
+
+  objectFieldsAll(o)::
+    std.objectFieldsEx(o, true),
+
+  objectHas(o, f)::
+    std.objectHasEx(o, f, false),
+
+  objectHasAll(o, f)::
+    std.objectHasEx(o, f, true),
+
+  objectValues(o)::
+    [o[k] for k in std.objectFields(o)],
+
+  objectValuesAll(o)::
+    [o[k] for k in std.objectFieldsAll(o)],
+
+  equals(a, b)::
+    local ta = std.type(a);
+    local tb = std.type(b);
+    if !std.primitiveEquals(ta, tb) then
+      false
+    else
+      if std.primitiveEquals(ta, 'array') then
+        local la = std.length(a);
+        if !std.primitiveEquals(la, std.length(b)) then
+          false
+        else
+          local aux(a, b, i) =
+            if i >= la then
+              true
+            else if a[i] != b[i] then
+              false
+            else
+              aux(a, b, i + 1) tailstrict;
+          aux(a, b, 0)
+      else if std.primitiveEquals(ta, 'object') then
+        local fields = std.objectFields(a);
+        local lfields = std.length(fields);
+        if fields != std.objectFields(b) then
+          false
+        else
+          local aux(a, b, i) =
+            if i >= lfields then
+              true
+            else if local f = fields[i]; a[f] != b[f] then
+              false
+            else
+              aux(a, b, i + 1) tailstrict;
+          aux(a, b, 0)
+      else
+        std.primitiveEquals(a, b),
+
+
+  resolvePath(f, r)::
+    local arr = std.split(f, '/');
+    std.join('/', std.makeArray(std.length(arr) - 1, function(i) arr[i]) + [r]),
+
+  prune(a)::
+    local isContent(b) =
+      if b == null then
+        false
+      else if std.isArray(b) then
+        std.length(b) > 0
+      else if std.isObject(b) then
+        std.length(b) > 0
+      else
+        true;
+    if std.isArray(a) then
+      [std.prune(x) for x in a if isContent($.prune(x))]
+    else if std.isObject(a) then {
+      [x]: $.prune(a[x])
+      for x in std.objectFields(a)
+      if isContent(std.prune(a[x]))
+    } else
+      a,
+
+  findSubstr(pat, str)::
+    if !std.isString(pat) then
+      error 'findSubstr first parameter should be a string, got ' + std.type(pat)
+    else if !std.isString(str) then
+      error 'findSubstr second parameter should be a string, got ' + std.type(str)
+    else
+      local pat_len = std.length(pat);
+      local str_len = std.length(str);
+      if pat_len == 0 || str_len == 0 || pat_len > str_len then
+        []
+      else
+        std.filter(function(i) str[i:i + pat_len] == pat, std.range(0, str_len - pat_len)),
+
+  find(value, arr)::
+    if !std.isArray(arr) then
+      error 'find second parameter should be an array, got ' + std.type(arr)
+    else
+      std.filter(function(i) arr[i] == value, std.range(0, std.length(arr) - 1)),
+
+  // Three way comparison.
+  // TODO(sbarzowski): consider exposing and documenting it properly
+  __compare(v1, v2)::
+      local t1 = std.type(v1), t2 = std.type(v2);
+      if t1 != t2 then
+        error "Comparison requires matching types. Got " + t1 + " and " + t2
+      else if t1 == "array" then
+        std.__compare_array(v1, v2)
+      else if t1 == "function" || t1 == "object" || t1 == "bool" then
+        error "Values of type " + t1 + " are not comparable."
+      else if v1 < v2 then -1
+      else if v1 > v2 then 1
+      else 0,
+
+  __compare_array(arr1, arr2)::
+    local len1 = std.length(arr1), len2 = std.length(arr2);
+    local minLen = std.min(len1, len2);
+    local aux(i) =
+      if i < minLen then
+        local cmpRes = std.__compare(arr1[i], arr2[i]);
+        if cmpRes != 0 then
+          cmpRes
+        else
+          aux(i + 1) tailstrict
+      else
+        std.__compare(len1, len2);
+    aux(0),
+
+  __array_less(arr1, arr2):: std.__compare_array(arr1, arr2) == -1,
+  __array_greater(arr1, arr2):: std.__compare_array(arr1, arr2) == 1,
+  __array_less_or_equal(arr1, arr2):: std.__compare_array(arr1, arr2) <= 0,
+  __array_greater_or_equal(arr1, arr2):: std.__compare_array(arr1, arr2) >= 0,
+
+}
diff --git a/test/golden/Test.hs b/test/golden/Test.hs
--- a/test/golden/Test.hs
+++ b/test/golden/Test.hs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 {-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell #-}
 
 -- |
 module Main where
@@ -13,9 +14,16 @@
 import Data.Text.Lazy
 import Data.Text.Lazy.Encoding (encodeUtf8)
 import Language.Jsonnet
+import Language.Jsonnet.Annotate
+import Language.Jsonnet.Desugar
 import Language.Jsonnet.Error
+import Language.Jsonnet.Eval
+import Language.Jsonnet.Eval (mergeWith)
+import Language.Jsonnet.Eval.Monad
 import Language.Jsonnet.Pretty ()
-import Language.Jsonnet.Std
+import qualified Language.Jsonnet.Std.Lib as Lib
+import Language.Jsonnet.Std.TH (mkStdlib)
+import Language.Jsonnet.Value
 import System.FilePath (replaceExtension, takeBaseName)
 import Test.Tasty (TestTree, defaultMain, testGroup)
 import Test.Tasty.Golden (findByExtension, goldenVsString)
@@ -37,16 +45,22 @@
 goldenTests :: IO TestTree
 goldenTests = do
   jsonnetFiles <- findByExtension [".jsonnet"] "./test/golden"
-  runExceptT std >>= \case
-    Left err -> error (show $ pretty err)
-    Right stdlib -> do
-      return $
-        testGroup
-          "Jsonnet golden tests"
-          [ goldenVsString
-              (takeBaseName jsonnetFile) -- test name
-              goldenFile -- golden file path
-              (run $ Config jsonnetFile stdlib)
-            | jsonnetFile <- jsonnetFiles,
-              let goldenFile = replaceExtension jsonnetFile ".golden"
-          ]
+  stdlib <- mkThunk std
+  return $
+    testGroup
+      "Jsonnet golden tests"
+      [ goldenVsString
+          (takeBaseName jsonnetFile) -- test name
+          goldenFile -- golden file path
+          (run $ Config jsonnetFile stdlib)
+        | jsonnetFile <- jsonnetFiles,
+          let goldenFile = replaceExtension jsonnetFile ".golden"
+      ]
+
+-- the jsonnet stdlib is written in both jsonnet and Haskell, here we merge
+-- the native (small, Haskell) with the interpreted (the splice mkStdlib)
+std :: Eval Value
+std = eval core >>= flip mergeObjects Lib.std
+  where
+    core = desugar (annMap (const ()) $mkStdlib)
+    mergeObjects (VObj x) (VObj y) = pure $ VObj (x `mergeWith` y)
