diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -3,20 +3,20 @@
 
 [hosc][hosc] provides `Sound.Osc`, a [haskell][hs]
 module implementing a subset of the [Open Sound Control][osc] byte protocol.
-hosc is required by the [hsc3][hsc3] haskell [supercollider][sc3] bindings.
+hosc is required by the [hsc3][hsc3] Haskell [SuperCollider][sc3] bindings.
 
 See also:
 
 - [hosc-json](http://rohandrape.net/?t=hosc-json): Json text encoding of Osc
 - [hosc-util](http://rohandrape.net/?t=hosc-util): non-core Osc functions
 
-© [rohan drape][rd], [stefan kersten][sk] and others, 2007-2022,
-[gpl-3][gpl-3]. with contributions by:
+© [Rohan Drape][rd], [Stefan Kersten][sk] and others, 2007-2024,
+[Gpl-3][gpl-3]. with contributions by:
 
-- [alex mclean][am]
-- [henning thielemann][ht]
+- [Alex McLean][am]
+- [Henning Thielemann][ht]
 
-see the [history](http://rohandrape.net/?t=hosc&q=history) for details
+Please see the [history](http://rohandrape.net/?t=hosc&q=history) for details
 
 [hosc]: http://rohandrape.net/?t=hosc
 [hs]: http://haskell.org/
@@ -29,3 +29,11 @@
 [ht]: http://www.henning-thielemann.de/Research.html
 [gpl]: http://gnu.org/copyleft/
 [gpl-3]: http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html
+
+* * *
+
+```
+$ make doctest
+Examples: 110  Tried: 110  Errors: 0  Failures: 0
+$
+```
diff --git a/Sound/Osc.hs b/Sound/Osc.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc.hs
@@ -3,6 +3,5 @@
 
 import Control.Monad.IO.Class as M (MonadIO, liftIO)
 import Sound.Osc.Core as M
-import Sound.Osc.Transport.Fd.Udp as M
-import Sound.Osc.Transport.Fd.Tcp as M
+import Sound.Osc.Transport.Fd.Socket as M
 import Sound.Osc.Transport.Monad as M
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Alias.hs b/Sound/Osc/Alias.hs
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/Sound/Osc/Alias.hs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
--- | Some backwards compatability, not really...
-module Sound.Osc.Alias where
-
-import Sound.Osc.Datum {- hosc -}
-
-type Datum_Type = DatumType
-type BLOB = Blob
-type ASCII = Ascii
-type MIDI = MidiData
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Coding/Byte.hs b/Sound/Osc/Coding/Byte.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Coding/Byte.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Coding/Byte.hs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
--- | Byte-level coding utility functions.
---   Plain forms are big-endian, little-endian forms have @_le@ suffix.
+{- | Byte-level coding utility functions.
+Plain forms are big-endian, little-endian forms have @_le@ suffix.
+-}
 module Sound.Osc.Coding.Byte where
 
 import Data.Bits {- base -}
@@ -7,242 +8,287 @@
 import Data.Word {- base -}
 import System.IO {- base -}
 
+import qualified GHC.ByteOrder {- base -}
+
 import qualified Data.Binary as Binary {- binary -}
-import qualified Data.Binary.Get as Get {- binary -}
-import qualified Data.Binary.Put as Put {- binary -}
-import qualified Data.ByteString as S {- bytestring -}
-import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as S.C {- bytestring -}
-import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as L {- bytestring -}
-import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy.Char8 as L.C {- bytestring -}
+import qualified Data.Binary.Get as Binary.Get {- binary -}
+import qualified Data.Binary.Put as Binary.Put {- binary -}
 
-import qualified Sound.Osc.Coding.Cast as Cast {- hosc -}
-import Sound.Osc.Coding.Convert {- hosc -}
+import qualified Data.ByteString as ByteString {- bytestring -}
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as ByteString.Char8 {- bytestring -}
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Internal as ByteString.Internal {- bytestring -}
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as ByteString.Lazy {- bytestring -}
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy.Char8 as ByteString.Lazy.Char8 {- bytestring -}
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Unsafe as ByteString.Unsafe {- bytestring -}
 
+import qualified Sound.Osc.Coding.Convert as Convert {- hosc -}
+
 -- * Encode
 
 -- | Type specialised 'Binary.encode' (big-endian).
-encode_int8 :: Int8 -> L.ByteString
+encode_int8 :: Int8 -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
 encode_int8 = Binary.encode
 
--- | Type specialised 'Binary.encode' (big-endian).
---
--- > encode_int16 0x0102 == L.pack [0x01,0x02]
-encode_int16 :: Int16 -> L.ByteString
+{- | Type specialised 'Binary.encode' (big-endian).
+
+>>> encode_int16 0x0102 == ByteString.Lazy.pack [0x01,0x02]
+True
+-}
+encode_int16 :: Int16 -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
 encode_int16 = Binary.encode
 
--- | Little-endian.
---
--- > encode_int16_le 0x0102 == L.pack [0x02,0x01]
-encode_int16_le :: Int16 -> L.ByteString
-encode_int16_le = Put.runPut . Put.putInt16le
+{- | Little-endian.
 
+>>> encode_int16_le 0x0102 == ByteString.Lazy.pack [0x02,0x01]
+True
+-}
+encode_int16_le :: Int16 -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
+encode_int16_le = Binary.Put.runPut . Binary.Put.putInt16le
+
 -- | Encode a signed 64-bit integer (big-endian).
-encode_int64 :: Int64 -> L.ByteString
+encode_int64 :: Int64 -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
 encode_int64 = Binary.encode
 
 -- | Type specialised 'Binary.encode' (big-endian).
-encode_word8 :: Word8 -> L.ByteString
+encode_word8 :: Word8 -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
 encode_word8 = Binary.encode
 
--- | Type specialised 'Binary.encode' (big-endian).
---
--- > encode_word16 0x0102 == L.pack [0x01,0x02]
-encode_word16 :: Word16 -> L.ByteString
+{- | Type specialised 'Binary.encode' (big-endian).
+
+>>> encode_word16 0x0102 == ByteString.Lazy.pack [0x01,0x02]
+True
+-}
+encode_word16 :: Word16 -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
 encode_word16 = Binary.encode
 
--- | Little-endian.
---
--- > encode_word16_le 0x0102 == L.pack [0x02,0x01]
-encode_word16_le :: Word16 -> L.ByteString
-encode_word16_le = Put.runPut . Put.putWord16le
+{- | Little-endian.
 
+>>> encode_word16_le 0x0102 == ByteString.Lazy.pack [0x02,0x01]
+True
+-}
+encode_word16_le :: Word16 -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
+encode_word16_le = Binary.Put.runPut . Binary.Put.putWord16le
+
 -- | Type specialised 'Binary.encode'.
-encode_word32 :: Word32 -> L.ByteString
+encode_word32 :: Word32 -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
 encode_word32 = Binary.encode
 
 -- | Little-endian variant of 'encode_word32'.
-encode_word32_le :: Word32 -> L.ByteString
-encode_word32_le = Put.runPut . Put.putWord32le
+encode_word32_le :: Word32 -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
+encode_word32_le = Binary.Put.runPut . Binary.Put.putWord32le
 
 -- | Encode an unsigned 64-bit integer.
-encode_word64 :: Word64 -> L.ByteString
+encode_word64 :: Word64 -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
 encode_word64 = Binary.encode
 
 -- * Encode/Int
 
 -- | Encode a signed 8-bit integer.
-encode_i8 :: Int -> L.ByteString
-encode_i8 = encode_int8 . int_to_int8
+encode_i8 :: Int -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
+encode_i8 = encode_int8 . Convert.int_to_int8
 
 -- | Encode an un-signed 8-bit integer.
-encode_u8 :: Int -> L.ByteString
-encode_u8 = encode_word8 . int_to_word8
+encode_u8 :: Int -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
+encode_u8 = encode_word8 . Convert.int_to_word8
 
--- | Encode an un-signed 16-bit integer.
---
--- > encode_u16 0x0102 == L.pack [1,2]
-encode_u16 :: Int -> L.ByteString
-encode_u16 = encode_word16 . int_to_word16
+{- | Encode an un-signed 16-bit integer.
 
--- | Little-endian.
---
--- > encode_u16_le 0x0102 == L.pack [2,1]
-encode_u16_le :: Int -> L.ByteString
-encode_u16_le = encode_word16_le . int_to_word16
+>>> encode_u16 0x0102 == ByteString.Lazy.pack [1,2]
+True
+-}
+encode_u16 :: Int -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
+encode_u16 = encode_word16 . Convert.int_to_word16
 
+{- | Little-endian.
+
+>>> encode_u16_le 0x0102 == ByteString.Lazy.pack [2,1]
+True
+-}
+encode_u16_le :: Int -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
+encode_u16_le = encode_word16_le . Convert.int_to_word16
+
 -- | Encode a signed 16-bit integer.
-encode_i16 :: Int -> L.ByteString
-encode_i16 = Binary.encode . int_to_int16
+encode_i16 :: Int -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
+encode_i16 = Binary.encode . Convert.int_to_int16
 
 -- | Encode a signed 32-bit integer.
-encode_i32 :: Int -> L.ByteString
-encode_i32 = Binary.encode . int_to_int32
+encode_i32 :: Int -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
+encode_i32 = Binary.encode . Convert.int_to_int32
 
--- | Encode an unsigned 32-bit integer.
---
--- > encode_u32 0x01020304 == L.pack [1,2,3,4]
-encode_u32 :: Int -> L.ByteString
-encode_u32 = encode_word32 . int_to_word32
+{- | Encode an unsigned 32-bit integer.
 
--- | Little-endian.
---
--- > encode_u32_le 0x01020304 == L.pack [4,3,2,1]
-encode_u32_le :: Int -> L.ByteString
-encode_u32_le = encode_word32_le . int_to_word32
+>>> ByteString.Lazy.unpack (encode_u32 0x01020304)
+[1,2,3,4]
+-}
+encode_u32 :: Int -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
+encode_u32 = encode_word32 . Convert.int_to_word32
 
+{- | Little-endian.
+
+>>> ByteString.Lazy.unpack (encode_u32_le 0x01020304)
+[4,3,2,1]
+-}
+encode_u32_le :: Int -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
+encode_u32_le = encode_word32_le . Convert.int_to_word32
+
 -- * Encode/Float
 
 {- | Encode a 32-bit IEEE floating point number.
 
-> encode_f32 1.0 == L.pack [63, 128, 0, 0]
+>>> ByteString.Lazy.unpack (encode_f32 3.141)
+[64,73,6,37]
 -}
-encode_f32 :: Float -> L.ByteString
-encode_f32 = Binary.encode . Cast.f32_w32
+encode_f32 :: Float -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
+encode_f32 = Binary.Put.runPut . Binary.Put.putFloatbe
 
--- | Little-endian variant of 'encode_f32'.
-encode_f32_le :: Float -> L.ByteString
-encode_f32_le = Put.runPut . Put.putWord32le . Cast.f32_w32
+{- | Little-endian variant of 'encode_f32'.
 
--- | Encode a 64-bit IEEE floating point number.
-encode_f64 :: Double -> L.ByteString
-encode_f64 = Binary.encode . Cast.f64_w64
+>>> ByteString.Lazy.unpack (encode_f32_le 3.141)
+[37,6,73,64]
+-}
+encode_f32_le :: Float -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
+encode_f32_le = Binary.Put.runPut . Binary.Put.putFloatle
 
--- | Little-endian variant of 'encode_f64'.
-encode_f64_le :: Double -> L.ByteString
-encode_f64_le = Put.runPut . Put.putWord64le . Cast.f64_w64
+{- | Encode a 64-bit IEEE floating point number.
 
+>>> ByteString.Lazy.unpack (encode_f64 3.141)
+[64,9,32,196,155,165,227,84]
+-}
+encode_f64 :: Double -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
+encode_f64 = Binary.Put.runPut . Binary.Put.putDoublebe
+
+{- | Little-endian variant of 'encode_f64'.
+
+>>> ByteString.Lazy.unpack (encode_f64_le 3.141)
+[84,227,165,155,196,32,9,64]
+-}
+encode_f64_le :: Double -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
+encode_f64_le = Binary.Put.runPut . Binary.Put.putDoublele
+
 -- * Encode/Ascii
 
 -- | Encode an Ascii string (Ascii at Datum is an alias for a Char8 Bytetring).
-encode_ascii :: S.C.ByteString -> L.ByteString
-encode_ascii = L.pack . S.unpack
+encode_ascii :: ByteString.Char8.ByteString -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
+encode_ascii = ByteString.Lazy.pack . ByteString.unpack
 
 -- * Decode
 
 -- | Type specialised 'Binary.decode'.
-decode_word16 :: L.ByteString -> Word16
+decode_word16 :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Word16
 decode_word16 = Binary.decode
 
 -- | Little-endian variant of 'decode_word16'.
-decode_word16_le :: L.ByteString -> Word16
-decode_word16_le = Get.runGet Get.getWord16le
+decode_word16_le :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Word16
+decode_word16_le = Binary.Get.runGet Binary.Get.getWord16le
 
 -- | Type specialised 'Binary.decode'.
-decode_int16 :: L.ByteString -> Int16
+decode_int16 :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Int16
 decode_int16 = Binary.decode
 
 -- | Type specialised 'Binary.decode'.
-decode_word32 :: L.ByteString -> Word32
+decode_word32 :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Word32
 decode_word32 = Binary.decode
 
 -- | Little-endian variant of 'decode_word32'.
-decode_word32_le :: L.ByteString -> Word32
-decode_word32_le = Get.runGet Get.getWord32le
+decode_word32_le :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Word32
+decode_word32_le = Binary.Get.runGet Binary.Get.getWord32le
 
 -- | Type specialised 'Binary.decode'.
-decode_int64 :: L.ByteString -> Int64
+decode_int64 :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Int64
 decode_int64 = Binary.decode
 
 -- | Type specialised 'Binary.decode'.
-decode_word64 :: L.ByteString -> Word64
+decode_word64 :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Word64
 decode_word64 = Binary.decode
 
 -- * Decode/Int
 
 -- | Decode an un-signed 8-bit integer.
-decode_u8 :: L.ByteString -> Int
-decode_u8 = word8_to_int . L.head
+decode_u8 :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Int
+decode_u8 = Convert.word8_to_int . ByteString.Lazy.head
 
 -- | Decode a signed 8-bit integer.
-decode_i8 :: L.ByteString -> Int
-decode_i8 = int8_to_int . Binary.decode
+decode_i8 :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Int
+decode_i8 = Convert.int8_to_int . Binary.decode
 
 -- | Decode an unsigned 8-bit integer.
-decode_u16 :: L.ByteString -> Int
-decode_u16 = word16_to_int . decode_word16
+decode_u16 :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Int
+decode_u16 = Convert.word16_to_int . decode_word16
 
 -- | Little-endian variant of 'decode_u16'.
-decode_u16_le :: L.ByteString -> Int
-decode_u16_le = word16_to_int . decode_word16_le
+decode_u16_le :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Int
+decode_u16_le = Convert.word16_to_int . decode_word16_le
 
 -- | Decode a signed 16-bit integer.
-decode_i16 :: L.ByteString -> Int
-decode_i16 = int16_to_int . decode_int16
+decode_i16 :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Int
+decode_i16 = Convert.int16_to_int . decode_int16
 
 -- | Little-endian variant of 'decode_i16'.
-decode_i16_le :: L.ByteString -> Int
-decode_i16_le = decode_i16 . L.reverse
+decode_i16_le :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Int
+decode_i16_le = decode_i16 . ByteString.Lazy.reverse
 
--- | Decode a signed 32-bit integer.
---
--- > decode_i32 (L.pack [0x00,0x00,0x03,0xe7]) == 0x03e7
-decode_i32 :: L.ByteString -> Int
-decode_i32 = int32_to_int . Binary.decode
+{- | Decode a signed 32-bit integer.
 
--- | Little-endian variant of 'decode_i32'.
---
--- > decode_i32_le (L.pack [0xe7,0x03,0x00,0x00]) == 0x03e7
-decode_i32_le :: L.ByteString -> Int
-decode_i32_le = decode_i32 . L.reverse
+>>> decode_i32 (ByteString.Lazy.pack [0x00,0x00,0x03,0xe7]) == 0x03e7
+True
+-}
+decode_i32 :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Int
+decode_i32 = Convert.int32_to_int . Binary.decode
 
--- | Decode an unsigned 32-bit integer.
---
--- > decode_u32 (L.pack [1,2,3,4]) == 0x01020304
-decode_u32 :: L.ByteString -> Int
-decode_u32 = word32_to_int . decode_word32
+{- | Little-endian variant of 'decode_i32'.
 
--- | Little-endian variant of decode_u32.
---
--- > decode_u32_le (L.pack [1,2,3,4]) == 0x04030201
-decode_u32_le :: L.ByteString -> Int
-decode_u32_le = word32_to_int . decode_word32_le
+>>> decode_i32_le (ByteString.Lazy.pack [0xe7,0x03,0x00,0x00]) == 0x03e7
+True
+-}
+decode_i32_le :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Int
+decode_i32_le = decode_i32 . ByteString.Lazy.reverse
 
+{- | Decode an unsigned 32-bit integer.
+
+>>> decode_u32 (ByteString.Lazy.pack [1,2,3,4]) == 0x01020304
+True
+-}
+decode_u32 :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Int
+decode_u32 = Convert.word32_to_int . decode_word32
+
+{- | Little-endian variant of decode_u32.
+
+>>> decode_u32_le (ByteString.Lazy.pack [1,2,3,4]) == 0x04030201
+True
+-}
+decode_u32_le :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Int
+decode_u32_le = Convert.word32_to_int . decode_word32_le
+
 -- * Decode/Float
 
--- | Decode a 32-bit IEEE floating point number.
-decode_f32 :: L.ByteString -> Float
-decode_f32 = Cast.w32_f32 . decode_word32
+{- | Decode a 32-bit IEEE floating point number.
 
+>>> decode_f32 (ByteString.Lazy.pack [64,73,6,37])
+3.141
+-}
+decode_f32 :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Float
+decode_f32 = Binary.Get.runGet Binary.Get.getFloatbe
+
 -- | Little-endian variant of 'decode_f32'.
-decode_f32_le :: L.ByteString -> Float
-decode_f32_le = Cast.w32_f32 . decode_word32_le
+decode_f32_le :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Float
+decode_f32_le = Binary.Get.runGet Binary.Get.getFloatle
 
 -- | Decode a 64-bit IEEE floating point number.
-decode_f64 :: L.ByteString -> Double
-decode_f64 b = Cast.w64_f64 (Binary.decode b :: Word64)
+decode_f64 :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Double
+decode_f64 = Binary.Get.runGet Binary.Get.getDoublebe
 
 -- * Decode/Ascii
 
 -- | Decode an Ascii string, inverse of 'encode_ascii'.
-decode_ascii :: L.ByteString -> S.C.ByteString
+decode_ascii :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> ByteString.Char8.ByteString
 {-# INLINE decode_ascii #-}
-decode_ascii = S.C.pack . L.C.unpack
+decode_ascii = ByteString.Char8.pack . ByteString.Lazy.Char8.unpack
 
 -- * IO
 
 -- | Read /n/ bytes from /h/ and run /f/.
-read_decode :: (L.ByteString -> t) -> Int -> Handle -> IO t
-read_decode f n = fmap f . flip L.hGet n
+read_decode :: (ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> t) -> Int -> Handle -> IO t
+read_decode f n = fmap f . flip ByteString.Lazy.hGet n
 
 -- | Type-specialised reader for 'Binary.decode'.
 read_word32 :: Handle -> IO Word32
@@ -252,88 +298,113 @@
 read_word32_le :: Handle -> IO Word32
 read_word32_le = read_decode decode_word32_le 4
 
--- | 'L.hPut' of 'encode_word32'.
+-- | 'ByteString.Lazy.hPut' of 'encode_word32'.
 write_word32 :: Handle -> Word32 -> IO ()
-write_word32 h = L.hPut h . encode_word32
+write_word32 h = ByteString.Lazy.hPut h . encode_word32
 
--- | 'L.hPut' of 'encode_word32_le'.
+-- | 'ByteString.Lazy.hPut' of 'encode_word32_le'.
 write_word32_le :: Handle -> Word32 -> IO ()
-write_word32_le h = L.hPut h . encode_word32_le
+write_word32_le h = ByteString.Lazy.hPut h . encode_word32_le
 
 -- * Io/Int
 
--- | 'decode_i8' of 'L.hGet'.
+-- | 'decode_i8' of 'ByteString.Lazy.hGet'.
 read_i8 :: Handle -> IO Int
 read_i8 = read_decode decode_i8 1
 
--- | 'decode_i16' of 'L.hGet'.
+-- | 'decode_i16' of 'ByteString.Lazy.hGet'.
 read_i16 :: Handle -> IO Int
 read_i16 = read_decode decode_i16 2
 
--- | 'decode_i32' of 'L.hGet'.
+-- | 'decode_i32' of 'ByteString.Lazy.hGet'.
 read_i32 :: Handle -> IO Int
 read_i32 = read_decode decode_i32 4
 
--- | 'decode_i32_le' of 'L.hGet'.
+-- | 'decode_i32_le' of 'ByteString.Lazy.hGet'.
 read_i32_le :: Handle -> IO Int
 read_i32_le = read_decode decode_i32_le 4
 
--- | 'decode_u32' of 'L.hGet'.
+-- | 'decode_u32' of 'ByteString.Lazy.hGet'.
 read_u32 :: Handle -> IO Int
 read_u32 = read_decode decode_u32 4
 
--- | 'decode_u32_le' of 'L.hGet'.
+-- | 'decode_u32_le' of 'ByteString.Lazy.hGet'.
 read_u32_le :: Handle -> IO Int
 read_u32_le = read_decode decode_u32_le 4
 
--- | 'L.hPut' of 'encode_u32'.
+-- | 'ByteString.Lazy.hPut' of 'encode_u32'.
 write_u32 :: Handle -> Int -> IO ()
-write_u32 h = L.hPut h . encode_u32
+write_u32 h = ByteString.Lazy.hPut h . encode_u32
 
--- | 'L.hPut' of 'encode_u32_le'.
+-- | 'ByteString.Lazy.hPut' of 'encode_u32_le'.
 write_u32_le :: Handle -> Int -> IO ()
-write_u32_le h = L.hPut h . encode_u32_le
+write_u32_le h = ByteString.Lazy.hPut h . encode_u32_le
 
 -- * Io/Float
 
--- | 'decode_f32' of 'L.hGet'.
+-- | 'decode_f32' of 'ByteString.Lazy.hGet'.
 read_f32 :: Handle -> IO Float
 read_f32 = read_decode decode_f32 4
 
--- | 'decode_f32_le' of 'L.hGet'.
+-- | 'decode_f32_le' of 'ByteString.Lazy.hGet'.
 read_f32_le :: Handle -> IO Float
 read_f32_le = read_decode decode_f32_le 4
 
 -- * Io/Ascii
 
 -- | Read u8 length prefixed Ascii string (pascal string).
-read_pstr :: Handle -> IO S.C.ByteString
+read_pstr :: Handle -> IO ByteString.Char8.ByteString
 read_pstr h = do
-  n <- fmap decode_u8 (L.hGet h 1)
-  fmap decode_ascii (L.hGet h n)
+  n <- fmap decode_u8 (ByteString.Lazy.hGet h 1)
+  fmap decode_ascii (ByteString.Lazy.hGet h n)
 
 -- * Util
 
-{- | Bundle header as a (strict) 'S.C.ByteString'.
+{- | Bundle header as a (strict) 'ByteString.Char8.ByteString'.
 
-> S.C.length bundleHeader_strict == 8
+>>> ByteString.Char8.length bundleHeader_strict
+8
 -}
-bundleHeader_strict :: S.C.ByteString
-bundleHeader_strict = S.C.pack "#bundle\0"
+bundleHeader_strict :: ByteString.Char8.ByteString
+bundleHeader_strict = ByteString.Char8.pack "#bundle\0"
 
 {- | Bundle header as a lazy ByteString.
 
-> L.length bundleHeader == 8
+>>> ByteString.Lazy.length bundleHeader
+8
 -}
-bundleHeader :: L.ByteString
+bundleHeader :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
 {-# INLINE bundleHeader #-}
-bundleHeader = L.C.fromChunks [bundleHeader_strict]
+bundleHeader = ByteString.Lazy.Char8.fromChunks [bundleHeader_strict]
 
 {- | The number of bytes required to align an Osc value to the next 4-byte boundary.
 
-> map align [0::Int .. 7] == [0,3,2,1,0,3,2,1]
-> map align [512::Int .. 519] == [0,3,2,1,0,3,2,1]
+>>> map align [0::Int .. 7]
+[0,3,2,1,0,3,2,1]
+
+>>> map align [512::Int .. 519]
+[0,3,2,1,0,3,2,1]
 -}
-align :: (Num i,Bits i) => i -> i
+align :: (Num i, Bits i) => i -> i
 {-# INLINE align #-}
 align n = ((n + 3) .&. complement 3) - n
+
+-- * ByteString
+
+-- | Is machine little endian?
+isLittleEndian :: Bool
+isLittleEndian = GHC.ByteOrder.targetByteOrder == GHC.ByteOrder.LittleEndian
+
+-- | Byte-swap byte string in four-byte segments.
+byteStringSwap32BitWords :: ByteString.ByteString -> ByteString.ByteString
+byteStringSwap32BitWords xs =
+  ByteString.Internal.unsafePackLenBytes
+    (ByteString.length xs `quot` 4 * 4)
+    [ ByteString.Unsafe.unsafeIndex xs $ i * 4 + j
+    | i <- [0 .. ByteString.length xs `quot` 4 - 1]
+    , j <- [3, 2, 1, 0]
+    ]
+
+-- | If target is little-endian, swap bytes to be in network order, else identity.
+byteString32BitNetworkOrder :: ByteString.ByteString -> ByteString.ByteString
+byteString32BitNetworkOrder x = if isLittleEndian then byteStringSwap32BitWords x else x
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Coding/Cast.hs b/Sound/Osc/Coding/Cast.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Coding/Cast.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Coding/Cast.hs
@@ -4,25 +4,56 @@
 import Data.Char {- base -}
 import Data.Word {- base -}
 
-import qualified Data.Binary.IEEE754 as Ieee {- data-binary-ieee754 -}
-
+import Sound.Osc.Coding.Byte {- hosc3 -}
 import Sound.Osc.Coding.Convert {- hosc -}
 
--- | The IEEE byte representation of a float.
+{- | The IEEE byte representation of a float.
+
+>>> f32_w32 pi
+1078530011
+
+>>> f32_w32 (-7913907.5)
+3404825447
+
+>>> 23 ^ 7
+3404825447
+-}
 f32_w32 :: Float -> Word32
-f32_w32 = Ieee.floatToWord
+f32_w32 = decode_word32 . encode_f32
 
--- | Inverse of 'f32_w32'.
+{- | Inverse of 'f32_w32'.
+
+>>> w32_f32 1078530011
+3.1415927
+
+>>> w32_f32 (23 ^ 7)
+-7913907.5
+-}
 w32_f32 :: Word32 -> Float
-w32_f32 = Ieee.wordToFloat
+w32_f32 = decode_f32 . encode_word32
 
--- | The IEEE byte representation of a double.
+{- | The IEEE byte representation of a double.
+
+
+>>> f64_w64 pi
+4614256656552045848
+
+>>> f64_w64 1.6822072834e-314
+3404825447
+-}
 f64_w64 :: Double -> Word64
-f64_w64 = Ieee.doubleToWord
+f64_w64 = decode_word64 . encode_f64
 
--- | Inverse of 'f64_i64'.
+{- | Inverse of 'f64_w64'.
+
+>>> w64_f64 4614256656552045848
+3.141592653589793
+
+>>> w64_f64 (23 ^ 7)
+1.6822072834e-314
+-}
 w64_f64 :: Word64 -> Double
-w64_f64 = Ieee.wordToDouble
+w64_f64 = decode_f64 . encode_word64
 
 -- | Transform a haskell string into a C string (a null suffixed byte string).
 str_cstr :: String -> [Word8]
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Coding/Decode/Base.hs b/Sound/Osc/Coding/Decode/Base.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Coding/Decode/Base.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Coding/Decode/Base.hs
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
--- | Base-level decode function for Osc packets.
---   For ordinary use see 'Sound.Osc.Coding.Decode.Binary'.
-module Sound.Osc.Coding.Decode.Base (decodeMessage
-                                    ,decodeBundle
-                                    ,decodePacket) where
+{- | Base-level decode function for Osc packets.
+  For ordinary use see 'Sound.Osc.Coding.Decode.Binary'.
+-}
+module Sound.Osc.Coding.Decode.Base (
+  decodeMessage,
+  decodeBundle,
+  decodePacket,
+) where
 
 import Data.Binary {- base -}
 import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as C {- bytestring -}
@@ -19,86 +22,96 @@
 -- | The plain byte count of an Osc value.
 size :: DatumType -> B.ByteString -> Int
 size ty b =
-    case ty of
-      'i' -> 4 -- Int32
-      'f' -> 4 -- Float
-      'd' -> 8 -- Double
-      't' -> 8 -- Time (NTP)
-      'm' -> 4 -- MIDI
-      's' -> int64_to_int (fromMaybe
-                           (error ("size: no terminating zero: " ++ show b))
-                           (B.elemIndex 0 b))
-      'b' -> decode_i32 (B.take 4 b)
-      _ -> error "size: illegal type"
+  case ty of
+    'i' -> 4 -- Int32
+    'f' -> 4 -- Float
+    'd' -> 8 -- Double
+    't' -> 8 -- Time (NTP)
+    'm' -> 4 -- MIDI
+    's' ->
+      int64_to_int
+        ( fromMaybe
+            (error ("size: no terminating zero: " ++ show b))
+            (B.elemIndex 0 b)
+        )
+    'b' -> decode_i32 (B.take 4 b)
+    _ -> error "size: illegal type"
 
 -- | The storage byte count (aligned) of an Osc value.
 storage :: DatumType -> B.ByteString -> Int
 storage ty b =
-    case ty of
-      's' -> let n = size 's' b + 1 in n + align n
-      'b' -> let n = size 'b' b in n + align n + 4
-      _ -> size ty B.empty
+  case ty of
+    's' -> let n = size 's' b + 1 in n + align n
+    'b' -> let n = size 'b' b in n + align n + 4
+    _ -> size ty B.empty
 
 -- | Decode an Osc datum
 decode_datum :: DatumType -> B.ByteString -> Datum
 decode_datum ty b =
-    case ty of
-      'i' -> Int32 (decode b)
-      'h' -> Int64 (decode b)
-      'f' -> Float (decode_f32 b)
-      'd' -> Double (decode_f64 b)
-      's' -> AsciiString (decode_ascii (b_take (size 's' b) b))
-      'b' -> Blob (b_take (size 'b' b) (B.drop 4 b))
-      't' -> TimeStamp (ntpi_to_ntpr (decode_word64 b))
-      'm' -> let [b0,b1,b2,b3] = B.unpack (B.take 4 b) in midi (b0,b1,b2,b3)
-      _ -> error ("decode_datum: illegal type (" ++ [ty] ++ ")")
+  case ty of
+    'i' -> Int32 (decode b)
+    'h' -> Int64 (decode b)
+    'f' -> Float (decode_f32 b)
+    'd' -> Double (decode_f64 b)
+    's' -> AsciiString (decode_ascii (b_take (size 's' b) b))
+    'b' -> Blob (b_take (size 'b' b) (B.drop 4 b))
+    't' -> TimeStamp (ntpi_to_ntpr (decode_word64 b))
+    'm' ->
+      case B.unpack (B.take 4 b) of
+        [b0, b1, b2, b3] -> midi (b0, b1, b2, b3)
+        _ -> error "decode_datum: illegal midi data"
+    _ -> error ("decode_datum: illegal type (" ++ [ty] ++ ")")
 
 -- | Decode a sequence of Osc datum given a type descriptor string.
 decode_datum_seq :: Ascii -> B.ByteString -> [Datum]
 decode_datum_seq cs b =
-    let swap (x,y) = (y,x)
-        cs' = C.unpack cs
-        f b' c = swap (B.splitAt (int_to_int64 (storage c b')) b')
-    in zipWith decode_datum cs' (snd (mapAccumL f b cs'))
+  let swap (x, y) = (y, x)
+      cs' = C.unpack cs
+      f b' c = swap (B.splitAt (int_to_int64 (storage c b')) b')
+  in zipWith decode_datum cs' (snd (mapAccumL f b cs'))
 
 -- | Decode an Osc 'Message'.
 decodeMessage :: B.ByteString -> Message
 decodeMessage b =
-    let n = storage 's' b
-        (AsciiString cmd) = decode_datum 's' b
-        m = storage 's' (b_drop n b)
-        (AsciiString dsc) = decode_datum 's' (b_drop n b)
-        arg = decode_datum_seq (descriptor_tags dsc) (b_drop (n + m) b)
-    in Message (C.unpack cmd) arg
+  let n = storage 's' b
+      cmd = decode_datum 's' b
+      m = storage 's' (b_drop n b)
+  in case (cmd, decode_datum 's' (b_drop n b)) of
+      (AsciiString cmd', AsciiString dsc) ->
+        let arg = decode_datum_seq (descriptor_tags dsc) (b_drop (n + m) b)
+        in Message (C.unpack cmd') arg
+      _ -> error "decodeMessage"
 
 -- | Decode a sequence of length prefixed (Int32) Osc messages.
 decode_message_seq :: B.ByteString -> [Message]
 decode_message_seq b =
-    let s = decode_i32 b
-        m = decodeMessage (b_drop 4 b)
-        nxt = decode_message_seq (b_drop (4+s) b)
-    in if B.length b == 0 then [] else m:nxt
+  let s = decode_i32 b
+      m = decodeMessage (b_drop 4 b)
+      nxt = decode_message_seq (b_drop (4 + s) b)
+  in if B.length b == 0 then [] else m : nxt
 
 -- | Decode an Osc 'Bundle'.
-decodeBundle :: B.ByteString -> Bundle
+decodeBundle :: B.ByteString -> BundleOf Message
 decodeBundle b =
-    let h = storage 's' b -- header (should be '#bundle')
-        t = storage 't' (b_drop h b) -- time
-        (TimeStamp timeStamp) = decode_datum 't' (b_drop h b)
-        ms = decode_message_seq (b_drop (h+t) b)
-    in Bundle timeStamp ms
+  let h = storage 's' b -- header (should be '#bundle')
+      t = storage 't' (b_drop h b) -- time
+  in case decode_datum 't' (b_drop h b) of
+      TimeStamp timeStamp -> Bundle timeStamp (decode_message_seq (b_drop (h + t) b))
+      _ -> error "decodeBundle"
 
--- | Decode an Osc 'Packet'.
---
--- > let b = B.pack [47,103,95,102,114,101,101,0,44,105,0,0,0,0,0,0]
--- > decodePacket b == Packet_Message (Message "/g_free" [Int32 0])
-decodePacket :: B.ByteString -> Packet
+{- | Decode an Osc 'Packet'.
+
+>>> let b = B.pack [47,103,95,102,114,101,101,0,44,105,0,0,0,0,0,0]
+>>> decodePacket b == Packet_Message (Message "/g_free" [Int32 0])
+True
+-}
+decodePacket :: B.ByteString -> PacketOf Message
 decodePacket b =
-    if bundleHeader `B.isPrefixOf` b
+  if bundleHeader `B.isPrefixOf` b
     then Packet_Bundle (decodeBundle b)
     else Packet_Message (decodeMessage b)
 
--- * UTIL
+-- * Util
 
 -- | 'B.take' with 'Int' count.
 b_take :: Int -> B.ByteString -> B.ByteString
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Coding/Decode/Binary.hs b/Sound/Osc/Coding/Decode/Binary.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Coding/Decode/Binary.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Coding/Decode/Binary.hs
@@ -1,105 +1,100 @@
 -- | Optimised decode function for Osc packets.
-module Sound.Osc.Coding.Decode.Binary
-    (get_packet
-    ,decodeMessage
-    ,decodeBundle
-    ,decodePacket
-    ,decodePacket_strict) where
+module Sound.Osc.Coding.Decode.Binary (
+  get_packet,
+  decodeMessage,
+  decodeBundle,
+  decodePacket,
+  decodePacket_strict,
+  decodeMessageOr,
+  decodeBundleOr,
+  decodePacketOr,
+) where
 
 import Control.Applicative {- base -}
 import Control.Monad {- base -}
-import Data.Int {- base -}
 import Data.Word {- base -}
 
 import qualified Data.Binary.Get as Binary {- binary -}
-import qualified Data.Binary.IEEE754 as Ieee {- data-binary-ieee754 -}
-import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as ByteString.Lazy {- bytestring -}
+
 import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as ByteString.Char8 {- bytestring -}
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as ByteString.Lazy {- bytestring -}
 import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy.Char8 as ByteString.Lazy.Char8 {- bytestring -}
 
 import qualified Sound.Osc.Coding.Byte as Byte {- hosc -}
-import Sound.Osc.Coding.Convert {- hosc -}
+import qualified Sound.Osc.Coding.Convert as Convert {- hosc -}
 import Sound.Osc.Datum {- hosc -}
 import Sound.Osc.Packet {- hosc -}
 import qualified Sound.Osc.Time as Time {- hosc -}
 
--- | Get a 32 bit integer in big-endian byte order.
-getInt32be :: Binary.Get Int32
-getInt32be = fmap word32_to_int32 Binary.getWord32be
-
--- | Get a 64 bit integer in big-endian byte order.
-getInt64be :: Binary.Get Int64
-getInt64be = fmap word64_to_int64 Binary.getWord64be
-
 -- | Get an aligned Osc string.
 get_string :: Binary.Get String
 get_string = do
-    s <- Binary.getLazyByteStringNul
-    Binary.skip (int64_to_int (Byte.align (ByteString.Lazy.length s + 1)))
-    return (ByteString.Lazy.Char8.unpack s)
+  s <- Binary.getLazyByteStringNul
+  Binary.skip (Convert.int64_to_int (Byte.align (ByteString.Lazy.length s + 1)))
+  return (ByteString.Lazy.Char8.unpack s)
 
 -- | Get an aligned Osc string.
 get_ascii :: Binary.Get Ascii
 get_ascii = do
-    s <- Binary.getLazyByteStringNul
-    Binary.skip (int64_to_int (Byte.align (ByteString.Lazy.length s + 1)))
-    return (ByteString.Char8.pack (ByteString.Lazy.Char8.unpack s))
+  s <- Binary.getLazyByteStringNul
+  Binary.skip (Convert.int64_to_int (Byte.align (ByteString.Lazy.length s + 1)))
+  return (ByteString.Char8.pack (ByteString.Lazy.Char8.unpack s))
 
 -- | Get binary data prefixed by byte count.
 get_bytes :: Word32 -> Binary.Get ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
 get_bytes n = do
-    b <- Binary.getLazyByteString (word32_to_int64 n)
-    if n /= int64_to_word32 (ByteString.Lazy.length b)
-        then fail "get_bytes: end of stream"
-        else Binary.skip (word32_to_int (Byte.align n))
-    return b
+  b <- Binary.getLazyByteString (Convert.word32_to_int64 n)
+  if n /= Convert.int64_to_word32 (ByteString.Lazy.length b)
+    then fail "get_bytes: end of stream"
+    else Binary.skip (Convert.word32_to_int (Byte.align n))
+  return b
 
 -- | Get an Osc datum.
 get_datum :: DatumType -> Binary.Get Datum
 get_datum ty =
-    case ty of
-      'i' -> fmap Int32 getInt32be
-      'h' -> fmap Int64 getInt64be
-      'f' -> fmap Float Ieee.getFloat32be
-      'd' -> fmap Double Ieee.getFloat64be
-      's' -> fmap AsciiString get_ascii
-      'b' -> fmap Blob (get_bytes =<< Binary.getWord32be)
-      't' -> fmap (TimeStamp . Time.ntpi_to_ntpr) Binary.getWord64be
-      'm' -> fmap Midi (liftM4 MidiData Binary.getWord8 Binary.getWord8 Binary.getWord8 Binary.getWord8)
-      _ -> fail ("get_datum: illegal type " ++ show ty)
+  case ty of
+    'i' -> fmap Int32 Binary.getInt32be
+    'h' -> fmap Int64 Binary.getInt64be
+    'f' -> fmap Float Binary.getFloatbe
+    'd' -> fmap Double Binary.getDoublebe
+    's' -> fmap AsciiString get_ascii
+    'b' -> fmap Blob (get_bytes =<< Binary.getWord32be)
+    't' -> fmap (TimeStamp . Time.ntpi_to_ntpr) Binary.getWord64be
+    'm' -> fmap Midi (liftM4 MidiData Binary.getWord8 Binary.getWord8 Binary.getWord8 Binary.getWord8)
+    _ -> fail ("get_datum: illegal type " ++ show ty)
 
 -- | Get an Osc 'Message', fail if type descriptor is invalid.
 get_message :: Binary.Get Message
 get_message = do
-    cmd <- get_string
-    dsc <- get_ascii
-    case ByteString.Char8.unpack dsc of
-        ',':tags -> do
-            arg <- mapM get_datum tags
-            return (Message cmd arg)
-        e -> fail ("get_message: invalid type descriptor string: " ++ e)
+  cmd <- get_string
+  dsc <- get_ascii
+  case ByteString.Char8.unpack dsc of
+    ',' : tags -> do
+      arg <- mapM get_datum tags
+      return (Message cmd arg)
+    e -> fail ("get_message: invalid type descriptor string: " ++ e)
 
 -- | Get a sequence of Osc 'Message's, each one headed by its length.
 get_message_seq :: Binary.Get [Message]
 get_message_seq = do
-    b <- Binary.isEmpty
-    if b
-        then return []
-        else do
-            p <- flip Binary.isolate get_message . word32_to_int =<< Binary.getWord32be
-            ps <- get_message_seq
-            return (p:ps)
+  b <- Binary.isEmpty
+  if b
+    then return []
+    else do
+      p <- flip Binary.isolate get_message . Convert.word32_to_int =<< Binary.getWord32be
+      ps <- get_message_seq
+      return (p : ps)
 
 -- | Get a bundle. Fail if bundle header is not found in packet.
-get_bundle :: Binary.Get Bundle
+get_bundle :: Binary.Get (BundleOf Message)
 get_bundle = do
-    h <- Binary.getByteString (ByteString.Char8.length Byte.bundleHeader_strict)
-    when (h /= Byte.bundleHeader_strict) (fail "get_bundle: not a bundle")
-    t <- fmap Time.ntpi_to_ntpr Binary.getWord64be
-    fmap (Bundle t) get_message_seq
+  h <- Binary.getByteString (ByteString.Char8.length Byte.bundleHeader_strict)
+  when (h /= Byte.bundleHeader_strict) (fail "get_bundle: not a bundle")
+  t <- fmap Time.ntpi_to_ntpr Binary.getWord64be
+  fmap (Bundle t) get_message_seq
 
 -- | Get an Osc 'Packet'.
-get_packet :: Binary.Get Packet
+get_packet :: Binary.Get (PacketOf Message)
 get_packet = fmap Packet_Bundle get_bundle <|> fmap Packet_Message get_message
 
 {-# INLINE decodeMessage #-}
@@ -109,24 +104,49 @@
 
 {- | Decode an Osc 'Message' from a lazy ByteString.
 
-> let b = ByteString.Lazy.pack [47,103,95,102,114,101,101,0,44,105,0,0,0,0,0,0]
-> decodeMessage b == Message "/g_free" [Int32 0]
+>>> let b = ByteString.Lazy.pack [47,103,95,102,114,101,101,0,44,105,0,0,0,0,0,0]
+>>> decodeMessage b == Message "/g_free" [Int32 0]
+True
 -}
 decodeMessage :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Message
 decodeMessage = Binary.runGet get_message
 
 -- | Decode an Osc 'Bundle' from a lazy ByteString.
-decodeBundle :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Bundle
+decodeBundle :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> BundleOf Message
 decodeBundle = Binary.runGet get_bundle
 
+-- | Run decoder and report any error.
+runDecoder :: Binary.Get t -> ByteString.Lazy.Char8.ByteString -> Either String t
+runDecoder f p =
+  case Binary.runGetOrFail f p of
+    Left (_, _, err) -> Left err
+    Right (_, _, decoded) -> Right decoded
+
 {- | Decode an Osc packet from a lazy ByteString.
 
-> let b = ByteString.Lazy.pack [47,103,95,102,114,101,101,0,44,105,0,0,0,0,0,0]
-> decodePacket b == Packet_Message (Message "/g_free" [Int32 0])
+>>> let b = ByteString.Lazy.pack [47,103,95,102,114,101,101,0,44,105,0,0,0,0,0,0]
+>>> decodePacket b == Packet_Message (Message "/g_free" [Int32 0])
+True
 -}
-decodePacket :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Packet
+decodePacket :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> PacketOf Message
 decodePacket = Binary.runGet get_packet
 
 -- | Decode an Osc packet from a strict Char8 ByteString.
-decodePacket_strict :: ByteString.Char8.ByteString -> Packet
-decodePacket_strict = Binary.runGet get_packet . ByteString.Lazy.fromChunks . (:[])
+decodePacket_strict :: ByteString.Char8.ByteString -> PacketOf Message
+decodePacket_strict = Binary.runGet get_packet . ByteString.Lazy.fromChunks . (: [])
+
+{- | Either decode Osc message or return an error message.
+Prevents application halt for non-valid message/bundle/packet arrives.
+
+>>> let b = ByteString.Lazy.pack [1,2,3,2,1]
+>>> decodePacketOr b
+Left "not enough bytes"
+-}
+decodeMessageOr :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Either String Message
+decodeMessageOr = runDecoder get_message
+
+decodeBundleOr :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Either String Bundle
+decodeBundleOr = runDecoder get_bundle
+
+decodePacketOr :: ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> Either String Packet
+decodePacketOr = runDecoder get_packet
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Coding/Encode/Base.hs b/Sound/Osc/Coding/Encode/Base.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Coding/Encode/Base.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Coding/Encode/Base.hs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
--- | Base-level encode function for Osc packets (slow).
---   For ordinary use see 'Sound.Osc.Coding.Encode.Builder'.
+{- | Base-level encode function for Osc packets (slow).
+  For ordinary use see 'Sound.Osc.Coding.Encode.Builder'.
+-}
 module Sound.Osc.Coding.Encode.Base where
 
 import Data.Binary {- base -}
@@ -20,33 +21,67 @@
 
 MidiData: Bytes from MSB to LSB are: port id, status byte, data1, data2.
 
-> encode_datum (blob [1, 2, 3, 4]) == B.pack [0, 0, 0, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4]
+>>> encode_datum (blob [1, 2, 3, 4]) == B.pack [0, 0, 0, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4]
+True
+
+>>> encode_datum (Float 1) == B.pack [63, 128, 0, 0]
+True
+
+>>> encode_datum (Float 2) == B.pack [64, 0, 0, 0]
+True
+
+>>> encode_datum (Float 3) == B.pack [64, 64, 0, 0]
+True
+
+>>> encode_datum (Float 4) == B.pack [64, 128, 0, 0]
+True
+
+>>> encode_datum (Float 5) == B.pack [64, 160, 0, 0]
+True
+
+>>> encode_datum (Int32 65536) == B.pack [0, 1, 0, 0]
+True
+
+>>> encode_datum (Int32 (-65536)) == B.pack [255, 255, 0, 0]
+True
 -}
 encode_datum :: Datum -> B.ByteString
 encode_datum dt =
-    case dt of
-      Int32 i -> encode i
-      Int64 i -> encode i
-      Float f -> encode_f32 f
-      Double d -> encode_f64 d
-      TimeStamp t -> encode_word64 $ ntpr_to_ntpi t
-      AsciiString s -> extend 0 (B.snoc (encode_ascii s) 0)
-      Midi (MidiData b0 b1 b2 b3) -> B.pack [b0,b1,b2,b3]
-      Blob b -> let n = encode (int64_to_int32 (B.length b))
-                in B.append n (extend 0 b)
+  case dt of
+    Int32 i -> encode i
+    Int64 i -> encode i
+    Float f -> encode_f32 f
+    Double d -> encode_f64 d
+    TimeStamp t -> encode_word64 $ ntpr_to_ntpi t
+    AsciiString s -> extend 0 (B.snoc (encode_ascii s) 0)
+    Midi (MidiData b0 b1 b2 b3) -> B.pack [b0, b1, b2, b3]
+    Blob b ->
+      let n = encode (int64_to_int32 (B.length b))
+      in B.append n (extend 0 b)
 
 {- | Encode Osc 'Message'.
 
-> m = Message "/n_set" [int32 (-1), string "freq", float 440, string "amp", float 0.1]
-> e = blob_unpack (encodeMessage m)
-> length e == 40
-> e == [47,110,95,115,101,116,0,0,44,105,115,102,115,102,0,0,255,255,255,255,102,114,101,113,0,0,0,0,67,220,0,0,97,109,112,0,61,204,204,205]
+>>> blob_unpack (encodeMessage (Message "/x" []))
+[47,120,0,0,44,0,0,0]
+
+>>> blob_unpack (encodeMessage (Message "/y" [float 3.141]))
+[47,121,0,0,44,102,0,0,64,73,6,37]
+
+>>> let m = Message "/n_set" [int32 (-1), string "freq", float 440, string "amp", float 0.1]
+>>> let e = blob_unpack (encodeMessage m)
+>>> length e
+40
+
+>>> take 20 e
+[47,110,95,115,101,116,0,0,44,105,115,102,115,102,0,0,255,255,255,255]
 -}
 encodeMessage :: Message -> B.ByteString
 encodeMessage (Message c l) =
-    B.concat [encode_datum (AsciiString (C.pack c))
-             ,encode_datum (AsciiString (descriptor l))
-             ,B.concat (map encode_datum l) ]
+  B.concat
+    [ encode_datum (AsciiString (C.pack c))
+    , encode_datum (AsciiString (descriptor l))
+    , B.concat (map encode_datum l)
+    ]
 
 -- | Encode Osc 'Message' as an Osc blob.
 encode_message_blob :: Message -> Datum
@@ -54,21 +89,29 @@
 
 {- | Encode Osc 'Bundle'.
 
-b = Bundle 0.0 [m]
-e = blob_unpack (encodeBundle b)
-length e == 60
-e == [35,98,117,110,100,108,101,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,40,47,110,95,115,101,116,0,0,44,105,115,102,115,102,0,0,255,255,255,255,102,114,101,113,0,0,0,0,67,220,0,0,97,109,112,0,61,204,204,205]
+>>> blob_unpack (encodeBundle (Bundle immediately [Message "/x" []]))
+[35,98,117,110,100,108,101,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,8,47,120,0,0,44,0,0,0]
+
+>>> let m = Message "/n_set" [int32 (-1), string "freq", float 440, string "amp", float 0.1]
+>>> let b = Bundle 0.0 [m]
+>>> let e = blob_unpack (encodeBundle b)
+>>> length e
+60
+
+>> take 20 e
+[35,98,117,110,100,108,101,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,40]
 -}
-encodeBundle :: Bundle -> B.ByteString
+encodeBundle :: BundleOf Message -> B.ByteString
 encodeBundle (Bundle t m) =
-    B.concat
-    [bundleHeader
-    ,encode_word64 (ntpr_to_ntpi t)
-    ,B.concat (map (encode_datum . encode_message_blob) m)]
+  B.concat
+    [ bundleHeader
+    , encode_word64 (ntpr_to_ntpi t)
+    , B.concat (map (encode_datum . encode_message_blob) m)
+    ]
 
 -- | Encode Osc 'Packet'.
-encodePacket :: Packet -> B.ByteString
+encodePacket :: PacketOf Message -> B.ByteString
 encodePacket o =
-    case o of
-      Packet_Message m -> encodeMessage m
-      Packet_Bundle b -> encodeBundle b
+  case o of
+    Packet_Message m -> encodeMessage m
+    Packet_Bundle b -> encodeBundle b
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Coding/Encode/Builder.hs b/Sound/Osc/Coding/Encode/Builder.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Coding/Encode/Builder.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Coding/Encode/Builder.hs
@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
 -- | Optimised encode function for Osc packets.
-module Sound.Osc.Coding.Encode.Builder
-    (build_packet
-    ,encodeMessage
-    ,encodeBundle
-    ,encodePacket
-    ,encodePacket_strict) where
+module Sound.Osc.Coding.Encode.Builder (
+  build_packet,
+  encodeMessage,
+  encodeBundle,
+  encodePacket,
+  encodePacket_strict,
+) where
 
 import Data.Word {- base -}
 
-import qualified Data.Binary.IEEE754 as I {- data-binary-ieee754 -}
-import qualified Data.ByteString as S {- bytestring -}
-import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as L {- bytestring -}
 import qualified Blaze.ByteString.Builder as B {- bytestring -}
 import qualified Blaze.ByteString.Builder.Char8 as B {- bytestring -}
+import qualified Data.ByteString as S {- bytestring -}
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as L {- bytestring -}
 
 import qualified Sound.Osc.Coding.Byte as Byte {- hosc -}
+import qualified Sound.Osc.Coding.Cast as Cast {- hosc -}
 import qualified Sound.Osc.Coding.Convert as Convert {- hosc -}
 import Sound.Osc.Datum {- hosc -}
 import Sound.Osc.Packet {- hosc -}
@@ -39,43 +40,47 @@
 -- Encode a byte string with prepended length and zero padding.
 build_bytes :: L.ByteString -> B.Builder
 build_bytes s =
-  B.fromInt32be (Convert.int64_to_int32 (L.length s)) <>
-  B.fromLazyByteString s <>
-  B.fromWord8s (padding (Convert.int64_to_int (Byte.align (L.length s))))
+  B.fromInt32be (Convert.int64_to_int32 (L.length s))
+    <> B.fromLazyByteString s
+    <> B.fromWord8s (padding (Convert.int64_to_int (Byte.align (L.length s))))
 
 -- Encode an Osc datum.
 build_datum :: Datum -> B.Builder
 build_datum d =
-    case d of
-      Int32 i -> B.fromInt32be i
-      Int64 i -> B.fromInt64be i
-      Float n -> B.fromWord32be (I.floatToWord n)
-      Double n -> B.fromWord64be (I.doubleToWord n)
-      TimeStamp t -> B.fromWord64be (ntpr_to_ntpi t)
-      AsciiString s -> build_ascii s
-      Midi (MidiData b0 b1 b2 b3) -> B.fromWord8s [b0,b1,b2,b3]
-      Blob b -> build_bytes b
+  case d of
+    Int32 i -> B.fromInt32be i
+    Int64 i -> B.fromInt64be i
+    Float n -> B.fromWord32be (Cast.f32_w32 n)
+    Double n -> B.fromWord64be (Cast.f64_w64 n)
+    TimeStamp t -> B.fromWord64be (ntpr_to_ntpi t)
+    AsciiString s -> build_ascii s
+    Midi (MidiData b0 b1 b2 b3) -> B.fromWord8s [b0, b1, b2, b3]
+    Blob b -> build_bytes b
 
 -- Encode an Osc 'Message'.
 build_message :: Message -> B.Builder
 build_message (Message c l) =
-    mconcat [build_string c
-            ,build_ascii (descriptor l)
-            ,mconcat (map build_datum l)]
+  mconcat
+    [ build_string c
+    , build_ascii (descriptor l)
+    , mconcat (map build_datum l)
+    ]
 
 -- Encode an Osc 'Bundle'.
 build_bundle_ntpi :: Ntp64 -> [Message] -> B.Builder
 build_bundle_ntpi t l =
-    mconcat [B.fromLazyByteString Byte.bundleHeader
-            ,B.fromWord64be t
-            ,mconcat (map (build_bytes . B.toLazyByteString . build_message) l)]
+  mconcat
+    [ B.fromLazyByteString Byte.bundleHeader
+    , B.fromWord64be t
+    , mconcat (map (build_bytes . B.toLazyByteString . build_message) l)
+    ]
 
 -- | Builder for an Osc 'Packet'.
-build_packet :: Packet -> B.Builder
+build_packet :: PacketOf Message -> B.Builder
 build_packet o =
-    case o of
-      Packet_Message m -> build_message m
-      Packet_Bundle (Bundle t m) -> build_bundle_ntpi (ntpr_to_ntpi t) m
+  case o of
+    Packet_Message m -> build_message m
+    Packet_Bundle (Bundle t m) -> build_bundle_ntpi (ntpr_to_ntpi t) m
 
 {-# INLINE encodePacket #-}
 {-# INLINE encodeMessage #-}
@@ -83,28 +88,28 @@
 {-# INLINE encodePacket_strict #-}
 
 -- | Encode an Osc 'Packet'.
-encodePacket :: Packet -> L.ByteString
+encodePacket :: PacketOf Message -> L.ByteString
 encodePacket = B.toLazyByteString . build_packet
 
 {- | Encode an Osc 'Message', ie. 'encodePacket' of 'Packet_Message'.
 
-> let m = [47,103,95,102,114,101,101,0,44,105,0,0,0,0,0,0]
-> encodeMessage (Message "/g_free" [Int32 0]) == L.pack m
-
+>>> let m = [47,103,95,102,114,101,101,0,44,105,0,0,0,0,0,0]
+>>> encodeMessage (Message "/g_free" [Int32 0]) == L.pack m
+True
 -}
 encodeMessage :: Message -> L.ByteString
 encodeMessage = encodePacket . Packet_Message
 
 {- | Encode an Osc 'Bundle', ie. 'encodePacket' of 'Packet_Bundle'.
 
-> let m = [47,103,95,102,114,101,101,0,44,105,0,0,0,0,0,0]
-> let b = [35,98,117,110,100,108,101,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,16] ++ m
-> encodeBundle (Bundle immediately [Message "/g_free" [Int32 0]]) == L.pack b
-
+>>> let m = [47,103,95,102,114,101,101,0,44,105,0,0,0,0,0,0]
+>>> let b = [35,98,117,110,100,108,101,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,16] ++ m
+>>> encodeBundle (Bundle immediately [Message "/g_free" [Int32 0]]) == L.pack b
+True
 -}
-encodeBundle :: Bundle -> L.ByteString
+encodeBundle :: BundleOf Message -> L.ByteString
 encodeBundle = encodePacket . Packet_Bundle
 
 -- | Encode an Osc 'Packet' to a strict 'S.ByteString'.
-encodePacket_strict :: Packet -> S.ByteString
+encodePacket_strict :: PacketOf Message -> S.ByteString
 encodePacket_strict = B.toByteString . build_packet
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Core.hs b/Sound/Osc/Core.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Core.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Core.hs
@@ -3,12 +3,10 @@
 Provides the 'Datum', 'Message', 'Time', 'Bundle' and 'Packet' types
 and the coding functions 'encodePacket' and 'decodePacket'.
 
-> import Sound.Osc.Core {- hosc -}
->
-> let o = bundle immediately [message "/g_free" [Int32 0]]
-> let e = encodeBundle o
-> decodePacket e == Packet_Bundle o
-
+>>> let o = bundle immediately [message "/g_free" [Int32 0]]
+>>> let e = encodeBundle o
+>>> decodePacket e == Packet_Bundle o
+True
 -}
 module Sound.Osc.Core (module M) where
 
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Datum.hs b/Sound/Osc/Datum.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Datum.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Datum.hs
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 import Data.Maybe {- base -}
 import Data.Word {- base -}
 
-import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as ByteString.Lazy {- bytestring -}
 import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as ByteString.Char8 {- bytestring -}
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as ByteString.Lazy {- bytestring -}
 
 -- * Datum
 
@@ -28,9 +28,13 @@
 type Blob = ByteString.Lazy.ByteString
 
 -- | Type-specialised pack.
-blob_pack ::  [Word8] -> Blob
+blob_pack :: [Word8] -> Blob
 blob_pack = ByteString.Lazy.pack
 
+-- | Type-specialised pack.
+blob_pack_int :: [Int] -> Blob
+blob_pack_int = ByteString.Lazy.pack . map fromIntegral
+
 -- | Type-specialised unpack.
 blob_unpack :: Blob -> [Word8]
 blob_unpack = ByteString.Lazy.unpack
@@ -41,14 +45,18 @@
 
 -- | Four-byte midi message: port-id, status-byte, data, data.
 data MidiData = MidiData !Word8 !Word8 !Word8 !Word8
-    deriving (Ord, Eq, Show, Read)
+  deriving (Ord, Eq, Show, Read)
 
-midi_pack ::  [Word8] -> MidiData
+midi_pack :: [Word8] -> MidiData
 midi_pack w =
   case w of
     [m1, m2, m3, m4] -> MidiData m1 m2 m3 m4
     _ -> error "midi_pack?"
 
+-- | Type-specialised pack.
+midi_pack_int :: [Int] -> MidiData
+midi_pack_int = midi_pack . map fromIntegral
+
 -- | Type-specialised unpack.
 midi_unpack_int :: MidiData -> [Int]
 midi_unpack_int (MidiData m1 m2 m3 m4) = map fromIntegral [m1, m2, m3, m4]
@@ -61,44 +69,45 @@
 type Time = Double
 
 -- | The basic elements of Osc messages.
-data Datum = Int32 {d_int32 :: !Int32}
-           | Int64 {d_int64 :: !Int64}
-           | Float {d_float :: !Float}
-           | Double {d_double :: !Double}
-           | AsciiString {d_ascii_string :: !Ascii}
-           | Blob {d_blob :: !Blob}
-           | TimeStamp {d_timestamp :: !Time} -- ie. real valued Ntp
-           | Midi {d_midi :: !MidiData}
-             deriving (Ord, Eq, Read, Show)
+data Datum
+  = Int32 {d_int32 :: !Int32}
+  | Int64 {d_int64 :: !Int64}
+  | Float {d_float :: !Float}
+  | Double {d_double :: !Double}
+  | AsciiString {d_ascii_string :: !Ascii}
+  | Blob {d_blob :: !Blob}
+  | TimeStamp {d_timestamp :: !Time} -- ie. real valued Ntp
+  | Midi {d_midi :: !MidiData}
+  deriving (Ord, Eq, Read, Show)
 
 -- * Datum types
 
 -- | List of required data types (tag, name).
-osc_types_required :: [(DatumType,String)]
+osc_types_required :: [(DatumType, String)]
 osc_types_required =
-    [('i',"Int32")
-    ,('f',"Float")
-    ,('s',"String") -- Ascii
-    ,('b',"Blob")
-    ]
+  [ ('i', "Int32")
+  , ('f', "Float")
+  , ('s', "String") -- Ascii
+  , ('b', "Blob")
+  ]
 
 -- | List of optional data types (tag,name).
 osc_types_optional :: [(DatumType, String)]
 osc_types_optional =
-    [('h',"Int64")
-    ,('t',"TimeStamp")
-    ,('d',"Double")
-    -- ,('S',"Symbol")
+  [ ('h', "Int64")
+  , ('t', "TimeStamp")
+  , ('d', "Double")
+  , -- ,('S',"Symbol")
     -- ,('c',"Character")
     -- ,('r',"RGBA")
-    ,('m',"Midi")
+    ('m', "Midi")
     -- ,('T',"True")
     -- ,('F',"False")
     -- ,('N',"Nil")
     -- ,('I',"Infinitum")
     -- ,('[',"Array_Begin")
     -- ,(']',"Array_End")
-    ]
+  ]
 
 -- | List of all data types (tag,name).
 osc_types :: [(DatumType, String)]
@@ -115,91 +124,119 @@
 -- | Single character identifier of an Osc datum.
 datum_tag :: Datum -> DatumType
 datum_tag d =
-    case d of
-      Int32 _ -> 'i'
-      Int64 _ -> 'h'
-      Float _ -> 'f'
-      Double _ -> 'd'
-      AsciiString _ -> 's'
-      Blob _ -> 'b'
-      TimeStamp _ -> 't'
-      Midi _ -> 'm'
+  case d of
+    Int32 _ -> 'i'
+    Int64 _ -> 'h'
+    Float _ -> 'f'
+    Double _ -> 'd'
+    AsciiString _ -> 's'
+    Blob _ -> 'b'
+    TimeStamp _ -> 't'
+    Midi _ -> 'm'
 
 -- | Type and name of 'Datum'.
 datum_type_name :: Datum -> (DatumType, String)
-datum_type_name d = let c = datum_tag d in (c,osc_type_name_err c)
+datum_type_name d = let c = datum_tag d in (c, osc_type_name_err c)
 
 -- * Generalised element access
 
--- | 'Datum' as 'Integral' if Int32 or Int64.
---
--- > let d = [Int32 5,Int64 5,Float 5.5,Double 5.5]
--- > map datum_integral d == [Just (5::Int),Just 5,Nothing,Nothing]
+{- | 'Datum' as 'Integral' if Int32 or Int64.
+
+>>> let d = [Int32 5,Int64 5,Float 5.5,Double 5.5]
+>>> map datum_integral d == [Just (5::Int),Just 5,Nothing,Nothing]
+True
+-}
 datum_integral :: Integral i => Datum -> Maybe i
 datum_integral d =
-    case d of
-      Int32 x -> Just (fromIntegral x)
-      Int64 x -> Just (fromIntegral x)
-      _ -> Nothing
+  case d of
+    Int32 x -> Just (fromIntegral x)
+    Int64 x -> Just (fromIntegral x)
+    _ -> Nothing
 
--- | 'Datum' as 'Floating' if Int32, Int64, Float, Double or TimeStamp.
---
--- > let d = [Int32 5,Int64 5,Float 5,Double 5,TimeStamp 5]
--- > mapMaybe datum_floating d == replicate 5 (5::Double)
+{- | 'Datum' as 'Floating' if Int32, Int64, Float, Double or TimeStamp.
+
+>>> let d = [Int32 5,Int64 5,Float 5,Double 5,TimeStamp 5]
+>>> mapMaybe datum_floating d == replicate 5 (5::Double)
+True
+-}
 datum_floating :: Floating n => Datum -> Maybe n
 datum_floating d =
-    case d of
-      Int32 n -> Just (fromIntegral n)
-      Int64 n -> Just (fromIntegral n)
-      Float n -> Just (realToFrac n)
-      Double n -> Just (realToFrac n)
-      TimeStamp n -> Just (realToFrac n)
-      _ -> Nothing
+  case d of
+    Int32 n -> Just (fromIntegral n)
+    Int64 n -> Just (fromIntegral n)
+    Float n -> Just (realToFrac n)
+    Double n -> Just (realToFrac n)
+    TimeStamp n -> Just (realToFrac n)
+    _ -> Nothing
 
 -- * Constructors
 
--- | Type generalised 'Int32'.
---
--- > int32 (1::Int32) == int32 (1::Integer)
--- > d_int32 (int32 (maxBound::Int32)) == maxBound
--- > int32 (((2::Int) ^ (64::Int))::Int) == Int32 0
+{- | Type generalised 'Int32'.
+
+>>> int32 (1::Int32) == int32 (1::Integer)
+True
+
+>>> d_int32 (int32 (maxBound::Int32)) == maxBound
+True
+
+>>> int32 (((2::Int) ^ (64::Int))::Int) == Int32 0
+True
+-}
 int32 :: Integral n => n -> Datum
 int32 = Int32 . fromIntegral
 
--- | Type generalised Int64.
---
--- > int64 (1::Int32) == int64 (1::Integer)
--- > d_int64 (int64 (maxBound::Int64)) == maxBound
+{- | Type generalised Int64.
+
+>>> int64 (1::Int32) == int64 (1::Integer)
+True
+
+>>> d_int64 (int64 (maxBound::Int64)) == maxBound
+True
+-}
 int64 :: Integral n => n -> Datum
 int64 = Int64 . fromIntegral
 
--- | Type generalised Float.
---
--- > float (1::Int) == float (1::Double)
--- > floatRange (undefined::Float) == (-125,128)
--- > isInfinite (d_float (float (encodeFloat 1 256 :: Double))) == True
+{- | Type generalised Float.
+
+>>> float (1::Int) == float (1::Double)
+True
+
+>>> floatRange (undefined::Float)
+(-125,128)
+
+>>> isInfinite (d_float (float (encodeFloat 1 256 :: Double)))
+True
+-}
 float :: Real n => n -> Datum
 float = Float . realToFrac
 
--- | Type generalised Double.
---
--- > double (1::Int) == double (1::Double)
--- > double (encodeFloat 1 256 :: Double) == Double 1.157920892373162e77
+{- | Type generalised Double.
+
+>>> double (1::Int) == double (1::Double)
+True
+
+>>> double (encodeFloat 1 256 :: Double) == Double 1.157920892373162e77
+True
+-}
 double :: Real n => n -> Datum
 double = Double . realToFrac
 
--- | 'AsciiString' of pack.
---
--- > string "string" == AsciiString (ByteString.Char8.pack "string")
+{- | 'AsciiString' of pack.
+
+>>> string "string" == AsciiString (ByteString.Char8.pack "string")
+True
+-}
 string :: String -> Datum
 string = AsciiString . ascii
 
--- | Four-tuple variant of 'Midi' '.' 'MidiData'.
---
--- > midi (0,0,0,0) == Midi (MidiData 0 0 0 0)
-midi :: (Word8,Word8,Word8,Word8) -> Datum
-midi (p,q,r,s) = Midi (MidiData p q r s)
+{- | Four-tuple variant of 'Midi' '.' 'MidiData'.
 
+>>> midi (0,0,0,0) == Midi (MidiData 0 0 0 0)
+True
+-}
+midi :: (Word8, Word8, Word8, Word8) -> Datum
+midi (p, q, r, s) = Midi (MidiData p q r s)
+
 -- | 'Blob' of 'blob_pack'.
 blob :: [Word8] -> Datum
 blob = Blob . blob_pack
@@ -208,14 +245,16 @@
 
 {- | Message argument types are given by a signature.
 
-> signatureFor [Int32 1,Float 1,string "1"] == ",ifs"
+>>> signatureFor [Int32 1,Float 1,string "1"]
+",ifs"
 -}
 signatureFor :: [Datum] -> String
 signatureFor = (',' :) . map datum_tag
 
 {- | The descriptor is an Ascii encoded signature.
 
-> descriptor [Int32 1,Float 1,string "1"] == ascii ",ifs"
+>>> descriptor [Int32 1,Float 1,string "1"] == ascii ",ifs"
+True
 -}
 descriptor :: [Datum] -> Ascii
 descriptor = ascii . signatureFor
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Fd.hs b/Sound/Osc/Fd.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Fd.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Fd.hs
@@ -3,5 +3,4 @@
 
 import Sound.Osc.Core as M
 import Sound.Osc.Transport.Fd as M
-import Sound.Osc.Transport.Fd.Udp as M
-import Sound.Osc.Transport.Fd.Tcp as M
+import Sound.Osc.Transport.Fd.Socket as M
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Packet.hs b/Sound/Osc/Packet.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Packet.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Packet.hs
@@ -5,25 +5,27 @@
 
 -- * Message
 
--- | Osc address pattern.  This is strictly an Ascii value, however it
---   is very common to pattern match on addresses and matching on
---   Data.ByteString.Char8 requires @OverloadedStrings@.
+{- | Osc address pattern.  This is strictly an Ascii value, however it
+  is very common to pattern match on addresses and matching on
+  Data.ByteString.Char8 requires @OverloadedStrings@.
+-}
 type Address_Pattern = String
 
 -- | An Osc message, an 'Address_Pattern' and a sequence of 'Datum'.
-data Message =
-  Message
-  {messageAddress :: !Address_Pattern
-  ,messageDatum :: ![Datum]}
+data Message = Message
+  { messageAddress :: !Address_Pattern
+  , messageDatum :: ![Datum]
+  }
   deriving (Ord, Eq, Read, Show)
 
--- | 'Message' constructor.  It is an 'error' if the 'Address_Pattern'
--- doesn't conform to the Osc specification.
+{- | 'Message' constructor.  It is an 'error' if the 'Address_Pattern'
+doesn't conform to the Osc specification.
+-}
 message :: Address_Pattern -> [Datum] -> Message
 message a xs =
-    case a of
-      '/':_ -> Message a xs
-      _ -> error "message: ill-formed address pattern"
+  case a of
+    '/' : _ -> Message a xs
+    _ -> error "message: ill-formed address pattern"
 
 messageSignature :: Message -> String
 messageSignature = signatureFor . messageDatum
@@ -34,81 +36,89 @@
 -- * Bundle
 
 {- | An Osc bundle, a 'Time' and a sequence of 'Message's.
-Do not allow recursion, all contents must be messages.
+The type parameter specifies the element type.
+Ordinarily this is Message, which does not allow recursion.
 -}
-data Bundle =
-  Bundle
-  {bundleTime :: !Time
-  ,bundleMessages :: ![Message]}
-  deriving (Eq,Read,Show)
+data BundleOf t = Bundle
+  { bundleTime :: !Time
+  , bundleMessages :: ![t]
+  }
+  deriving (Eq, Read, Show)
 
+type Bundle = BundleOf Message
+
 -- | Osc 'Bundle's can be ordered (time ascending).
-instance Ord Bundle where
-    compare (Bundle a _) (Bundle b _) = compare a b
+instance Eq t => Ord (BundleOf t) where
+  compare (Bundle a _) (Bundle b _) = compare a b
 
 -- | 'Bundle' constructor. It is an 'error' if the 'Message' list is empty.
-bundle :: Time -> [Message] -> Bundle
+bundle :: Time -> [t] -> BundleOf t
 bundle t xs =
-    case xs of
-      [] -> error "bundle: empty?"
-      _ -> Bundle t xs
+  case xs of
+    [] -> error "bundle: empty?"
+    _ -> Bundle t xs
 
 -- * Packet
 
--- | An Osc 'Packet' is either a 'Message' or a 'Bundle'.
-data Packet =
-  Packet_Message {packetMessage :: !Message} |
-  Packet_Bundle {packetBundle :: !Bundle}
-  deriving (Eq,Read,Show)
+-- | An Osc 'Packet' is either a 'Message' or a 'Bundle t'.
+data PacketOf t
+  = Packet_Message {packetMessage :: !Message}
+  | Packet_Bundle {packetBundle :: !(BundleOf t)}
+  deriving (Eq, Read, Show)
 
+type Packet = PacketOf Message
+
 -- | 'Packet_Bundle' of 'bundle'.
-p_bundle :: Time -> [Message] -> Packet
+p_bundle :: Time -> [t] -> PacketOf t
 p_bundle t = Packet_Bundle . bundle t
 
 -- | 'Packet_Message' of 'message'.
-p_message :: Address_Pattern -> [Datum] -> Packet
+p_message :: Address_Pattern -> [Datum] -> PacketOf t
 p_message a = Packet_Message . message a
 
-{- | Constant indicating a bundle to be executed immediately.  It has the Ntp64 representation of @1@.
+{- | Constant indicating a bundle to be executed immediately.
+It has the Ntp64 representation of @1@.
 
-> ntpr_to_ntpi immediately == 1
+>>> immediately == (1 / (2 ^ 32))
+True
 -}
 immediately :: Time
-immediately = 1 / 2^(32::Int)
+immediately = 1 / 2 ^ (32 :: Int)
 
 -- | The 'Time' of 'Packet', if the 'Packet' is a 'Message' this is 'immediately'.
-packetTime :: Packet -> Time
+packetTime :: PacketOf t -> Time
 packetTime = at_packet (const immediately) bundleTime
 
 -- | Retrieve the set of 'Message's from a 'Packet'.
-packetMessages :: Packet -> [Message]
+packetMessages :: PacketOf Message -> [Message]
 packetMessages = at_packet return bundleMessages
 
 -- | If 'Packet' is a 'Message' add 'immediately' timestamp, else 'id'.
-packet_to_bundle :: Packet -> Bundle
+packet_to_bundle :: PacketOf Message -> BundleOf Message
 packet_to_bundle = at_packet (\m -> Bundle immediately [m]) id
 
--- | If 'Packet' is a 'Message' or a 'Bundle' with an /immediate/ time
--- tag and with one element, return the 'Message', else 'Nothing'.
-packet_to_message :: Packet -> Maybe Message
+{- | If 'Packet' is a 'Message' or a 'Bundle' with an /immediate/ time
+tag and with one element, return the 'Message', else 'Nothing'.
+-}
+packet_to_message :: PacketOf Message -> Maybe Message
 packet_to_message p =
-    case p of
-      Packet_Bundle b ->
-          case b of
-            Bundle t [m] -> if t == immediately then Just m else Nothing
-            _ -> Nothing
-      Packet_Message m -> Just m
+  case p of
+    Packet_Bundle b ->
+      case b of
+        Bundle t [m] -> if t == immediately then Just m else Nothing
+        _ -> Nothing
+    Packet_Message m -> Just m
 
 -- | Is 'Packet' immediate, ie. a 'Bundle' with timestamp 'immediately', or a plain Message.
-packet_is_immediate :: Packet -> Bool
+packet_is_immediate :: PacketOf t -> Bool
 packet_is_immediate = (== immediately) . packetTime
 
 -- | Variant of 'either' for 'Packet'.
-at_packet :: (Message -> a) -> (Bundle -> a) -> Packet -> a
+at_packet :: (Message -> a) -> (BundleOf t -> a) -> PacketOf t -> a
 at_packet f g p =
-    case p of
-      Packet_Message m -> f m
-      Packet_Bundle b -> g b
+  case p of
+    Packet_Message m -> f m
+    Packet_Bundle b -> g b
 
 -- * Address Query
 
@@ -116,14 +126,17 @@
 message_has_address :: Address_Pattern -> Message -> Bool
 message_has_address x = (== x) . messageAddress
 
--- | Do any of the 'Message's at 'Bundle' have the specified
--- 'Address_Pattern'.
-bundle_has_address :: Address_Pattern -> Bundle -> Bool
+{- | Do any of the 'Message's at 'Bundle Message' have the specified
+'Address_Pattern'.
+-}
+bundle_has_address :: Address_Pattern -> BundleOf Message -> Bool
 bundle_has_address x = any (message_has_address x) . bundleMessages
 
--- | Does 'Packet' have the specified 'Address_Pattern', ie.
--- 'message_has_address' or 'bundle_has_address'.
-packet_has_address :: Address_Pattern -> Packet -> Bool
+{- | Does 'Packet' have the specified 'Address_Pattern', ie.
+'message_has_address' or 'bundle_has_address'.
+-}
+packet_has_address :: Address_Pattern -> PacketOf Message -> Bool
 packet_has_address x =
-    at_packet (message_has_address x)
-              (bundle_has_address x)
+  at_packet
+    (message_has_address x)
+    (bundle_has_address x)
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Text.hs b/Sound/Osc/Text.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Text.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Text.hs
@@ -6,92 +6,103 @@
 import Numeric {- base -}
 import Text.Printf {- base -}
 
+import qualified Safe {- safe -}
+
 import qualified Text.ParserCombinators.Parsec as P {- parsec -}
 
 import Sound.Osc.Datum {- hosc -}
-import Sound.Osc.Packet  {- hosc3 -}
-import Sound.Osc.Time  {- hosc3 -}
+import Sound.Osc.Packet {- hosc3 -}
+import qualified Sound.Osc.Time as Time {- hosc3 -}
 
 -- | Precision value for floating point numbers.
 type FpPrecision = Maybe Int
 
 {- | Variant of 'showFFloat' that deletes trailing zeros.
 
-> map (showFloatWithPrecision (Just 4)) [1, 2.0, pi] == ["1.0", "2.0", "3.1416"]
+>>> map (showFloatWithPrecision (Just 4)) [1, 2.0, pi]
+["1.0","2.0","3.1416"]
 -}
 showFloatWithPrecision :: RealFloat n => FpPrecision -> n -> String
 showFloatWithPrecision p n =
-    let s = showFFloat p n ""
-        s' = dropWhile (== '0') (reverse s)
-    in case s' of
-         '.':_ -> reverse ('0' : s')
-         _ -> reverse s'
+  let s = showFFloat p n ""
+      s' = dropWhile (== '0') (reverse s)
+  in case s' of
+      '.' : _ -> reverse ('0' : s')
+      _ -> reverse s'
 
 {- | Hex encoded byte sequence.
 
-> showBytes [0, 15, 16, 144, 255] == "000f1090ff"
+>>> showBytes [0, 15, 16, 144, 255]
+"000f1090ff"
 -}
 showBytes :: [Int] -> String
 showBytes = concatMap (printf "%02x")
 
 {- | Escape whites space (space, tab, newline) and the escape character (backslash).
 
-> mapM_ (putStrLn .  escapeString) ["str", "str ", "st r", "s\tr", "s\\tr", "\nstr"]
+>>> map escapeString ["str", "str ", "st r", "s\tr", "s\\tr", "\nstr"]
+["str","str\\ ","st\\ r","s\\\tr","s\\\\tr","\\\nstr"]
 -}
 escapeString :: String -> String
 escapeString txt =
   case txt of
     [] -> []
-    c:txt' -> if c `elem` "\\\t\n " then '\\'  : c : escapeString txt' else c : escapeString txt'
+    c : txt' -> if c `elem` "\\\t\n " then '\\' : c : escapeString txt' else c : escapeString txt'
 
 {- | Printer for Datum.
 
-> aDatumSeq = [Int32 1,Float 1.2,string "str",midi (0,0x90,0x40,0x60),blob [12,16], TimeStamp 100.0]
-> map (showDatum (Just 5)) aDatumSeq == ["1","1.2","str","00904060","0c10","429496729600"]
+>>> let aDatumSeq = [Int32 1,Float 1.2,string "str",midi (0,0x90,0x40,0x60),blob [12,16], TimeStamp 100.0]
+>>> map (showDatum (Just 5)) aDatumSeq
+["1","1.2","str","00904060","0c10","429496729600"]
 -}
 showDatum :: FpPrecision -> Datum -> String
 showDatum p d =
-    case d of
-      Int32 n -> show n
-      Int64 n -> show n
-      Float n -> showFloatWithPrecision p n
-      Double n -> showFloatWithPrecision p n
-      AsciiString s -> escapeString (ascii_to_string s)
-      Blob s -> showBytes (blob_unpack_int s)
-      TimeStamp t -> show (ntpr_to_ntpi t)
-      Midi m -> showBytes (midi_unpack_int m)
+  case d of
+    Int32 n -> show n
+    Int64 n -> show n
+    Float n -> showFloatWithPrecision p n
+    Double n -> showFloatWithPrecision p n
+    AsciiString s -> escapeString (ascii_to_string s)
+    Blob s -> showBytes (blob_unpack_int s)
+    TimeStamp t -> show (Time.ntpr_to_ntpi t)
+    Midi m -> showBytes (midi_unpack_int m)
 
 {- | Printer for Message.
 
-> aMessage = Message "/addr" [Int32 1, Int64 2, Float 3, Double 4, string "five", blob [6, 7], midi (8, 9, 10, 11)]
-> showMessage (Just 4) aMessage
+>>> let aMessage = Message "/addr" [Int32 1, Int64 2, Float 3, Double 4, string "five", blob [6, 7], midi (8, 9, 10, 11)]
+>>> showMessage (Just 4) aMessage
+"/addr ,ihfdsbm 1 2 3.0 4.0 five 0607 08090a0b"
 
-> aMessageSeq = [Message "/c_set" [Int32 1, Float 2.3], Message "/s_new" [string "sine", Int32 (-1), Int32 1, Int32 1]]
-> map (showMessage (Just 4)) aMessageSeq
+>>> let aMessageSeq = [Message "/c_set" [Int32 1, Float 2.3], Message "/s_new" [string "sine", Int32 (-1), Int32 1, Int32 1]]
+>>> map (showMessage (Just 4)) aMessageSeq
+["/c_set ,if 1 2.3","/s_new ,siii sine -1 1 1"]
 -}
 showMessage :: FpPrecision -> Message -> String
 showMessage precision aMessage =
   unwords
-  [messageAddress aMessage
-  ,messageSignature aMessage
-  ,unwords (map (showDatum precision) (messageDatum aMessage))]
+    [ messageAddress aMessage
+    , messageSignature aMessage
+    , unwords (map (showDatum precision) (messageDatum aMessage))
+    ]
 
 {- | Printer for Bundle
 
-> aBundle = Bundle 1 [Message "/c_set" [Int32 1, Float 2.3, Int64 4, Double 5.6], Message "/memset" [string "addr", blob [7, 8]]]
-> showBundle (Just 4) aBundle
+>>> let aBundle = Bundle 1 [Message "/c_set" [Int32 1, Float 2.3, Int64 4, Double 5.6], Message "/memset" [string "addr", blob [7, 8]]]
+>>> showBundle (Just 4) aBundle
+"#bundle 4294967296 2 /c_set ,ifhd 1 2.3 4 5.6 /memset ,sb addr 0708"
 -}
-showBundle :: FpPrecision -> Bundle -> String
+showBundle :: FpPrecision -> BundleOf Message -> String
 showBundle precision aBundle =
   let messages = bundleMessages aBundle
   in unwords
-     ["#bundle"
-     ,show (ntpr_to_ntpi (bundleTime aBundle))
-     ,show (length messages)
-     ,unwords (map (showMessage precision) messages)]
+      [ "#bundle"
+      , show (Time.ntpr_to_ntpi (bundleTime aBundle))
+      , show (length messages)
+      , unwords (map (showMessage precision) messages)
+      ]
 
 -- | Printer for Packet.
-showPacket :: FpPrecision -> Packet -> String
+showPacket :: FpPrecision -> PacketOf Message -> String
 showPacket precision = at_packet (showMessage precision) (showBundle precision)
 
 -- * Parser
@@ -124,10 +135,13 @@
 
 -- | Parser for Osc signature.
 oscSignatureP :: P String
-oscSignatureP = lexemeP (do
-  comma <- P.char ','
-  types <- P.many1 (P.oneOf "ifsbhtdm") -- 1.0 = ifsb 2.0 = htdm
-  return (comma : types))
+oscSignatureP =
+  lexemeP
+    ( do
+        comma <- P.char ','
+        types <- P.many1 (P.oneOf "ifsbhtdm") -- 1.0 = ifsb 2.0 = htdm
+        return (comma : types)
+    )
 
 -- | Parser for decimal digit.
 digitP :: P Char
@@ -150,11 +164,14 @@
 
 -- | Parser for non-negative float.
 nonNegativeFloatP :: (Fractional n, Read n) => P n
-nonNegativeFloatP = lexemeP (do
-  integerPart <- P.many1 digitP
-  _ <- P.char '.'
-  fractionalPart <- P.many1 digitP
-  return (read (concat [integerPart, ".", fractionalPart])))
+nonNegativeFloatP =
+  lexemeP
+    ( do
+        integerPart <- P.many1 digitP
+        _ <- P.char '.'
+        fractionalPart <- P.many1 digitP
+        return (read (concat [integerPart, ".", fractionalPart]))
+    )
 
 -- | Parser for non-negative float.
 floatP :: (Fractional n, Read n) => P n
@@ -170,7 +187,7 @@
   c1 <- hexdigitP
   c2 <- hexdigitP
   case readHex [c1, c2] of
-    [(r,"")] -> return r
+    [(r, "")] -> return r
     _ -> error "byteP?"
 
 -- | Byte sequence parser.
@@ -188,7 +205,7 @@
     'h' -> fmap Int64 integerP
     'd' -> fmap Double floatP
     'm' -> fmap (Midi . midi_pack) (replicateM 4 byteP)
-    't' -> fmap (TimeStamp . ntpi_to_ntpr) integerP
+    't' -> fmap (TimeStamp . Time.ntpi_to_ntpr) integerP
     _ -> error "datumP: type?"
 
 -- | Message parser.
@@ -196,7 +213,7 @@
 messageP = do
   address <- oscAddressP
   typeSignature <- oscSignatureP
-  datum <- mapM datumP (tail typeSignature)
+  datum <- mapM datumP (Safe.tailNote "messageP" typeSignature)
   return (Message address datum)
 
 -- | Bundle tag parser.
@@ -204,16 +221,16 @@
 bundleTagP = lexemeP (P.string "#bundle")
 
 -- | Bundle parser.
-bundleP :: P Bundle
+bundleP :: P (BundleOf Message)
 bundleP = do
   _ <- bundleTagP
-  timestamp <- fmap ntpi_to_ntpr integerP
+  timestamp <- fmap Time.ntpi_to_ntpr integerP
   messageCount <- integerP
   messages <- replicateM messageCount messageP
   return (Bundle timestamp messages)
 
 -- | Packet parser.
-packetP :: P Packet
+packetP :: P (PacketOf Message)
 packetP = (fmap Packet_Bundle bundleP) P.<|> (fmap Packet_Message messageP)
 
 -- | Run parser.
@@ -225,32 +242,38 @@
 
 {- | Run datum parser.
 
-> parseDatum 'i' "-1" == Int32 (-1)
-> parseDatum 'f' "-2.3" == Float (-2.3)
+>>> parseDatum 'i' "-1" == Int32 (-1)
+True
+
+>>> parseDatum 'f' "-2.3" == Float (-2.3)
+True
 -}
 parseDatum :: Char -> String -> Datum
 parseDatum typ = runP (datumP typ)
 
 {- | Run message parser.
 
-> aMessageSeq = [Message "/c_set" [Int32 1, Float 2.3, Int64 4, Double 5.6], Message "/memset" [string "addr", blob [7, 8]]]
-> map (parseMessage . showMessage (Just 4)) aMessageSeq  == aMessageSeq
+>>> let aMessageSeq = [Message "/c_set" [Int32 1, Float 2.3, Int64 4, Double 5.6], Message "/memset" [string "addr", blob [7, 8]]]
+>>> map (parseMessage . showMessage (Just 4)) aMessageSeq  == aMessageSeq
+True
 -}
 parseMessage :: String -> Message
 parseMessage = runP messageP
 
 {- | Run bundle parser.
 
-> aBundle = Bundle 1 [Message "/c_set" [Int32 1, Float 2.3, Int64 4, Double 5.6], Message "/memset" [string "addr", blob [7, 8]]]
-> parseBundle (showBundle (Just 4) aBundle) == aBundle
+>>> let aBundle = Bundle 1 [Message "/c_set" [Int32 1, Float 2.3, Int64 4, Double 5.6], Message "/memset" [string "addr", blob [7, 8]]]
+>>> parseBundle (showBundle (Just 4) aBundle) == aBundle
+True
 -}
-parseBundle :: String -> Bundle
+parseBundle :: String -> BundleOf Message
 parseBundle = runP bundleP
 
 {- | Run packet parser.
 
-> aPacket = Packet_Bundle (Bundle 1 [Message "/c_set" [Int32 1, Float 2.3, Int64 4, Double 5.6], Message "/memset" [string "addr", blob [7, 8]]])
-> parsePacket (showPacket (Just 4) aPacket) == aPacket
+>>> let aPacket = Packet_Bundle (Bundle 1 [Message "/c_set" [Int32 1, Float 2.3, Int64 4, Double 5.6], Message "/memset" [string "addr", blob [7, 8]]])
+>>> parsePacket (showPacket (Just 4) aPacket) == aPacket
+True
 -}
-parsePacket :: String -> Packet
+parsePacket :: String -> PacketOf Message
 parsePacket = runP packetP
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Time.hs b/Sound/Osc/Time.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Time.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Time.hs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
--- | Osc related timing functions.
---   Osc timestamps are 64-bit @Ntp@ values, <http://ntp.org/>.
+{- | Osc related timing functions.
+  Osc timestamps are 64-bit @Ntp@ values, <http://ntp.org/>.
+-}
 module Sound.Osc.Time where
 
 import Data.Word {- base -}
@@ -12,39 +13,47 @@
 
 -- * Temporal types
 
--- | Type for binary (integeral) representation of a 64-bit Ntp timestamp (ie. ntpi).
---   The Ntp epoch is January 1, 1900.
---   Ntp v4 also includes a 128-bit format, which is not used by Osc.
+{- | Type for binary (integeral) representation of a 64-bit Ntp timestamp (ie. ntpi).
+  The Ntp epoch is January 1, 1900.
+  Ntp v4 also includes a 128-bit format, which is not used by Osc.
+-}
 type Ntp64 = Word64
 
 -- | @Ntp@ time in real-valued (fractional) form.
 type NtpReal = Double
 
--- | @Unix/Posix@ time in real-valued (fractional) form.
---   The Unix/Posix epoch is January 1, 1970.
+{- | @Unix/Posix@ time in real-valued (fractional) form.
+  The Unix/Posix epoch is January 1, 1970.
+-}
 type PosixReal = Double
 
 -- * Time conversion
 
 {- | Convert an NtpReal timestamp to an Ntp64 timestamp.
 
-> ntpr_to_ntpi 0 == 0
+>>> ntpr_to_ntpi 0
+0
+
 > fmap ntpr_to_ntpi time
 -}
 ntpr_to_ntpi :: NtpReal -> Ntp64
-ntpr_to_ntpi t = round (t * (2 ^ (32::Int)))
+ntpr_to_ntpi t = round (t * (2 ^ (32 :: Int)))
 
 {- | Convert an 'Ntp64' timestamp to a real-valued Ntp timestamp.
 
-> ntpi_to_ntpr 0 == 0.0
+>>> ntpi_to_ntpr 0
+0.0
 -}
 ntpi_to_ntpr :: Ntp64 -> NtpReal
-ntpi_to_ntpr t = word64_to_double t / 2^(32::Int)
+ntpi_to_ntpr t = word64_to_double t / 2 ^ (32 :: Int)
 
 {- | Difference (in seconds) between /Ntp/ and /Posix/ epochs.
 
-> ntp_posix_epoch_diff / (24 * 60 * 60) == 25567
-> 25567 `div` 365 == 70
+>>> ntp_posix_epoch_diff / (24 * 60 * 60)
+25567.0
+
+>>> 25567 `div` 365
+70
 -}
 ntp_posix_epoch_diff :: Num n => n
 ntp_posix_epoch_diff = (70 * 365 + 17) * 24 * 60 * 60
@@ -78,9 +87,9 @@
 -- | The time at 1970-01-01:00:00:00 which is the Unix/Posix epoch.
 posix_epoch :: Time.UTCTime
 posix_epoch =
-    let d = Time.fromGregorian 1970 1 1
-        s = fromInteger 0 -- Time.secondsToDiffTime
-    in Time.UTCTime d s
+  let d = Time.fromGregorian 1970 1 1
+      s = fromInteger 0 -- Time.secondsToDiffTime
+  in Time.UTCTime d s
 
 -- | Convert 'Time.UTCTime' to @Unix/Posix@.
 utc_to_posix :: Fractional n => Time.UTCTime -> n
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Time/System.hs b/Sound/Osc/Time/System.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Time/System.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Time/System.hs
@@ -6,11 +6,12 @@
 
 import qualified Data.Time.Clock.System as Clock.System {- time >= 1.8 -}
 
-import Sound.Osc.Time {- hosc -}
+import qualified Sound.Osc.Time as Time {- hosc -}
 
--- | Get the system time, epoch start of 1970 UTC, leap-seconds ignored.
---   getSystemTime is typically much faster than getCurrentTime, however it is not available in Hugs.
-getSystemTimeAsNtpReal :: IO NtpReal
+{- | Get the system time, epoch start of 1970 UTC, leap-seconds ignored.
+  getSystemTime is typically much faster than getCurrentTime, however it is not available in Hugs.
+-}
+getSystemTimeAsNtpReal :: IO Time.NtpReal
 getSystemTimeAsNtpReal = do
   tm <- Clock.System.getSystemTime
   return (fromIntegral (Clock.System.systemSeconds tm) + (fromIntegral (Clock.System.systemNanoseconds tm) * 1.0e-9))
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Time/Thread.hs b/Sound/Osc/Time/Thread.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Time/Thread.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Time/Thread.hs
@@ -4,13 +4,14 @@
 import Control.Concurrent {- base -}
 import Control.Monad {- base -}
 
-import Sound.Osc.Time {- hosc -}
+import qualified Sound.Osc.Time as Time {- hosc -}
 
--- | The 'pauseThread' limit (in seconds).
---   Values larger than this require a different thread delay mechanism, see 'sleepThread'.
---   The value is the number of microseconds in @maxBound::Int@.
+{- | The 'pauseThread' limit (in seconds).
+  Values larger than this require a different thread delay mechanism, see 'sleepThread'.
+  The value is the number of microseconds in @maxBound::Int@.
+-}
 pauseThreadLimit :: Fractional n => n
-pauseThreadLimit = fromIntegral (maxBound::Int) / 1e6
+pauseThreadLimit = fromIntegral (maxBound :: Int) / 1e6
 
 -- | Pause current thread for the indicated duration (in seconds), see 'pauseThreadLimit'.
 pauseThreadFor :: RealFrac n => n -> IO ()
@@ -18,18 +19,21 @@
 
 -- | Pause current thread until the given time, see 'pauseThreadLimit'.
 pauseThreadUntilTime :: RealFrac n => n -> IO ()
-pauseThreadUntilTime t = pauseThreadFor . (t -) . realToFrac =<< currentTime
+pauseThreadUntilTime t = pauseThreadFor . (t -) . realToFrac =<< Time.currentTime
 
--- | Sleep current thread for the indicated duration (in seconds).
---   Divides long sleeps into parts smaller than 'pauseThreadLimit'.
+{- | Sleep current thread for the indicated duration (in seconds).
+  Divides long sleeps into parts smaller than 'pauseThreadLimit'.
+-}
 sleepThreadFor :: RealFrac n => n -> IO ()
 sleepThreadFor n =
-    if n >= pauseThreadLimit
-    then let n' = pauseThreadLimit - 1
-         in pauseThreadFor n' >> sleepThreadFor (n - n')
+  if n >= pauseThreadLimit
+    then
+      let n' = pauseThreadLimit - 1
+      in pauseThreadFor n' >> sleepThreadFor (n - n')
     else pauseThreadFor n
 
--- | Sleep current thread until the given time.
---   Divides long sleeps into parts smaller than 'pauseThreadLimit'.
+{- | Sleep current thread until the given time.
+  Divides long sleeps into parts smaller than 'pauseThreadLimit'.
+-}
 sleepThreadUntilTime :: RealFrac n => n -> IO ()
-sleepThreadUntilTime t = sleepThreadFor . (t -) . realToFrac =<< currentTime
+sleepThreadUntilTime t = sleepThreadFor . (t -) . realToFrac =<< Time.currentTime
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Time/Thread/MonadIO.hs b/Sound/Osc/Time/Thread/MonadIO.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Time/Thread/MonadIO.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Time/Thread/MonadIO.hs
@@ -3,23 +3,23 @@
 
 import Control.Monad.IO.Class {- base >= 4.9 -}
 
-import Sound.Osc.Time {- hosc -}
-import Sound.Osc.Time.Thread {- hosc -}
+import qualified Sound.Osc.Time as Time {- hosc -}
+import qualified Sound.Osc.Time.Thread as Time.Thread {- hosc -}
 
-time :: MonadIO m => m NtpReal
-time = liftIO currentTime
+time :: MonadIO m => m Time.NtpReal
+time = liftIO Time.currentTime
 
-pauseThread :: (MonadIO m,RealFrac n) => n -> m ()
-pauseThread = liftIO . pauseThreadFor
+pauseThread :: (MonadIO m, RealFrac n) => n -> m ()
+pauseThread = liftIO . Time.Thread.pauseThreadFor
 
 wait :: MonadIO m => Double -> m ()
 wait = pauseThread
 
-pauseThreadUntil :: (MonadIO m,RealFrac n) => n -> m ()
-pauseThreadUntil = liftIO . pauseThreadUntilTime
+pauseThreadUntil :: (MonadIO m, RealFrac n) => n -> m ()
+pauseThreadUntil = liftIO . Time.Thread.pauseThreadUntilTime
 
 sleepThread :: (RealFrac n, MonadIO m) => n -> m ()
-sleepThread = liftIO . sleepThreadFor
+sleepThread = liftIO . Time.Thread.sleepThreadFor
 
 sleepThreadUntil :: (RealFrac n, MonadIO m) => n -> m ()
-sleepThreadUntil = liftIO . sleepThreadUntilTime
+sleepThreadUntil = liftIO . Time.Thread.sleepThreadUntilTime
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Time/Timeout.hs b/Sound/Osc/Time/Timeout.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Time/Timeout.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Time/Timeout.hs
@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@
 timeout_r = timeout . floor . (* 1000000)
 
 -- | Variant of 'recvPacket' that implements an /n/ second 'timeout'.
-recvPacketTimeout :: Transport t => Double -> t -> IO (Maybe Packet)
+recvPacketTimeout :: Transport t => Double -> t -> IO (Maybe (PacketOf Message))
 recvPacketTimeout n fd = timeout_r n (recvPacket fd)
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Transport/Fd.hs b/Sound/Osc/Transport/Fd.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Transport/Fd.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Transport/Fd.hs
@@ -11,13 +11,18 @@
 
 -- | Abstract over the underlying transport protocol.
 class Transport t where
-   -- | Encode and send an Osc packet.
-   sendPacket :: t -> Packet -> IO ()
-   -- | Receive and decode an Osc packet.
-   recvPacket :: t -> IO Packet
-   -- | Close an existing connection.
-   close :: t -> IO ()
+  -- | Encode and send an Osc packet.
+  sendPacket :: t -> PacketOf Message -> IO ()
 
+  -- | Receive and decode an Osc packet.
+  recvPacket :: t -> IO (PacketOf Message)
+
+  -- | Receive and either decode an Osc packet.
+  recvPacketOr :: t -> IO (Either String Packet)
+
+  -- | Close an existing connection.
+  close :: t -> IO ()
+
 -- | Bracket Osc communication.
 withTransport :: Transport t => IO t -> (t -> IO a) -> IO a
 withTransport u = bracket u close
@@ -29,58 +34,67 @@
 sendMessage t = sendPacket t . Packet_Message
 
 -- | 'sendPacket' of 'Packet_Bundle'.
-sendBundle :: Transport t => t -> Bundle -> IO ()
+sendBundle :: Transport t => t -> BundleOf Message -> IO ()
 sendBundle t = sendPacket t . Packet_Bundle
 
 -- * Receive
 
 -- | Variant of 'recvPacket' that runs 'packet_to_bundle'.
-recvBundle :: (Transport t) => t -> IO Bundle
+recvBundle :: (Transport t) => t -> IO (BundleOf Message)
 recvBundle = fmap packet_to_bundle . recvPacket
 
 -- | Variant of 'recvPacket' that runs 'packet_to_message'.
 recvMessage :: (Transport t) => t -> IO (Maybe Message)
 recvMessage = fmap packet_to_message . recvPacket
 
+-- | Erroring variant.
+recvMessage_err :: (Transport t) => t -> IO Message
+recvMessage_err = fmap (fromMaybe (error "recvMessage")) . recvMessage
+
 -- | Variant of 'recvPacket' that runs 'packetMessages'.
 recvMessages :: (Transport t) => t -> IO [Message]
 recvMessages = fmap packetMessages . recvPacket
 
 -- * Wait
 
--- | Wait for a 'Packet' where the supplied predicate is 'True',
--- discarding intervening packets.
-waitUntil :: (Transport t) => t -> (Packet -> Bool) -> IO Packet
+{- | Wait for a 'Packet' where the supplied predicate is 'True',
+discarding intervening packets.
+-}
+waitUntil :: (Transport t) => t -> (PacketOf Message -> Bool) -> IO (PacketOf Message)
 waitUntil t f = Wait.untilPredicate f (recvPacket t)
 
--- | Wait for a 'Packet' where the supplied function does not give
--- 'Nothing', discarding intervening packets.
-waitFor :: (Transport t) => t -> (Packet -> Maybe a) -> IO a
+{- | Wait for a 'Packet' where the supplied function does not give
+'Nothing', discarding intervening packets.
+-}
+waitFor :: (Transport t) => t -> (PacketOf Message -> Maybe a) -> IO a
 waitFor t f = Wait.untilMaybe f (recvPacket t)
 
 -- | 'waitUntil' 'packet_is_immediate'.
-waitImmediate :: Transport t => t -> IO Packet
+waitImmediate :: Transport t => t -> IO (PacketOf Message)
 waitImmediate t = waitUntil t packet_is_immediate
 
--- | 'waitFor' 'packet_to_message', ie. an incoming 'Message' or
--- immediate mode 'Bundle' with one element.
+{- | 'waitFor' 'packet_to_message', ie. an incoming 'Message' or
+immediate mode 'Bundle' with one element.
+-}
 waitMessage :: Transport t => t -> IO Message
 waitMessage t = waitFor t packet_to_message
 
--- | A 'waitFor' for variant using 'packet_has_address' to match on
--- the 'Address_Pattern' of incoming 'Packets'.
-waitAddress :: Transport t => t -> Address_Pattern -> IO Packet
+{- | A 'waitFor' for variant using 'packet_has_address' to match on
+the 'Address_Pattern' of incoming 'Packets'.
+-}
+waitAddress :: Transport t => t -> Address_Pattern -> IO (PacketOf Message)
 waitAddress t s =
-    let f o = if packet_has_address s o then Just o else Nothing
-    in waitFor t f
+  let f o = if packet_has_address s o then Just o else Nothing
+  in waitFor t f
 
 -- | Variant on 'waitAddress' that returns matching 'Message'.
 waitReply :: Transport t => t -> Address_Pattern -> IO Message
 waitReply t s =
-    let f = fromMaybe (error "waitReply: message not located?") .
-            find (message_has_address s) .
-            packetMessages
-    in fmap f (waitAddress t s)
+  let f =
+        fromMaybe (error "waitReply: message not located?")
+          . find (message_has_address s)
+          . packetMessages
+  in fmap f (waitAddress t s)
 
 -- | Variant of 'waitReply' that runs 'messageDatum'.
 waitDatum :: Transport t => t -> Address_Pattern -> IO [Datum]
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Transport/Fd/Socket.hs b/Sound/Osc/Transport/Fd/Socket.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Transport/Fd/Socket.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+-- | Osc over Udp/Tcp implementation.
+module Sound.Osc.Transport.Fd.Socket where
+
+import qualified Sound.Osc.Transport.Fd as Fd {- hosc -}
+import qualified Sound.Osc.Transport.Fd.Tcp as Fd.Tcp {- hosc -}
+import qualified Sound.Osc.Transport.Fd.Udp as Fd.Udp {- hosc -}
+
+-- | Protocol, either Udp or Tcp
+data OscProtocol = Udp | Tcp
+  deriving (Eq, Read, Show)
+
+-- | Hostname
+type OscHostname = String
+
+-- | Port number
+type OscPort = Int
+
+-- | Socket address
+type OscSocketAddress = (OscProtocol, OscHostname, OscPort)
+
+-- | Socket
+data OscSocket = OscUdpSocket Fd.Udp.Udp | OscTcpSocket Fd.Tcp.Tcp
+
+-- | Open socket at address
+openOscSocket :: OscSocketAddress -> IO OscSocket
+openOscSocket address =
+  case address of
+    (Tcp, hostname, port) -> fmap OscTcpSocket (Fd.Tcp.openTcp hostname port)
+    (Udp, hostname, port) -> fmap OscUdpSocket (Fd.Udp.openUdp hostname port)
+
+-- | 'OscSocket' is an instance of 'Fd.Transport'.
+instance Fd.Transport OscSocket where
+  sendPacket (OscTcpSocket fd) = Fd.Tcp.tcp_send_packet fd
+  sendPacket (OscUdpSocket fd) = Fd.Udp.udp_send_packet fd
+  recvPacket (OscTcpSocket fd) = Fd.Tcp.tcp_recv_packet fd
+  recvPacket (OscUdpSocket fd) = Fd.Udp.udp_recv_packet fd
+  recvPacketOr (OscTcpSocket fd) = Fd.Tcp.tcp_recv_packet_or fd
+  recvPacketOr (OscUdpSocket fd) = Fd.Udp.udp_recv_packet_or fd
+  close (OscTcpSocket fd) = Fd.Tcp.tcp_close fd
+  close (OscUdpSocket fd) = Fd.Udp.udp_close fd
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Transport/Fd/Tcp.hs b/Sound/Osc/Transport/Fd/Tcp.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Transport/Fd/Tcp.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Transport/Fd/Tcp.hs
@@ -2,94 +2,100 @@
 module Sound.Osc.Transport.Fd.Tcp where
 
 import qualified Control.Exception as Exception {- base -}
-import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as B {- bytestring -}
-import qualified Network.Socket as N {- network -}
-import qualified System.IO as IO {- base -}
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as ByteString.Lazy {- bytestring -}
+import qualified Network.Socket as Socket {- network -}
+import qualified System.IO as Io {- base -}
 
-import qualified Sound.Osc.Coding.Decode.Binary as Binary {- hosc -}
-import qualified Sound.Osc.Coding.Encode.Builder as Builder {- hosc -}
 import qualified Sound.Osc.Coding.Byte as Byte {- hosc -}
 import qualified Sound.Osc.Coding.Convert as Convert {- hosc -}
+import qualified Sound.Osc.Coding.Decode.Binary as Decode.Binary {- hosc -}
+import qualified Sound.Osc.Coding.Encode.Builder as Encode.Builder {- hosc -}
 import qualified Sound.Osc.Packet as Packet {- hosc -}
 import qualified Sound.Osc.Transport.Fd as Fd {- hosc -}
 
 -- | The Tcp transport handle data type.
-newtype Tcp = Tcp {tcpHandle :: IO.Handle}
+newtype Tcp = Tcp {tcpHandle :: Io.Handle}
 
 -- | Send data over Tcp.
-tcp_send_data :: Tcp -> B.ByteString -> IO ()
+tcp_send_data :: Tcp -> ByteString.Lazy.ByteString -> IO ()
 tcp_send_data (Tcp fd) d = do
-  let n = Convert.int64_to_word32 (B.length d)
-  B.hPut fd (B.append (Byte.encode_word32 n) d)
-  IO.hFlush fd
+  let n = Convert.int64_to_word32 (ByteString.Lazy.length d)
+  ByteString.Lazy.hPut fd (ByteString.Lazy.append (Byte.encode_word32 n) d)
+  Io.hFlush fd
 
 -- | Send packet over Tcp.
-tcp_send_packet :: Tcp -> Packet.Packet -> IO ()
-tcp_send_packet tcp p = tcp_send_data tcp (Builder.encodePacket p)
+tcp_send_packet :: Tcp -> Packet.PacketOf Packet.Message -> IO ()
+tcp_send_packet tcp p = tcp_send_data tcp (Encode.Builder.encodePacket p)
 
 -- | Receive packet over Tcp.
-tcp_recv_packet :: Tcp -> IO Packet.Packet
+tcp_recv_packet :: Tcp -> IO (Packet.PacketOf Packet.Message)
 tcp_recv_packet (Tcp fd) = do
-  b0 <- B.hGet fd 4
-  b1 <- B.hGet fd (Convert.word32_to_int (Byte.decode_word32 b0))
-  return (Binary.decodePacket b1)
+  b0 <- ByteString.Lazy.hGet fd 4
+  b1 <- ByteString.Lazy.hGet fd (Convert.word32_to_int (Byte.decode_word32 b0))
+  return (Decode.Binary.decodePacket b1)
 
+tcp_recv_packet_or :: Tcp -> IO (Either String Packet.Packet)
+tcp_recv_packet_or (Tcp fd) = do
+  b0 <- ByteString.Lazy.hGet fd 4
+  b1 <- ByteString.Lazy.hGet fd (Convert.word32_to_int (Byte.decode_word32 b0))
+  return (Decode.Binary.decodePacketOr b1)
+
 -- | Close Tcp.
 tcp_close :: Tcp -> IO ()
-tcp_close = IO.hClose . tcpHandle
+tcp_close = Io.hClose . tcpHandle
 
 -- | 'Tcp' is an instance of 'Transport'.
 instance Fd.Transport Tcp where
-   sendPacket = tcp_send_packet
-   recvPacket = tcp_recv_packet
-   close = tcp_close
+  sendPacket = tcp_send_packet
+  recvPacket = tcp_recv_packet
+  recvPacketOr = tcp_recv_packet_or
+  close = tcp_close
 
--- | Bracket UDP communication.
+-- | Bracket Tcp communication.
 with_tcp :: IO Tcp -> (Tcp -> IO t) -> IO t
 with_tcp u = Exception.bracket u tcp_close
 
 -- | Create and initialise Tcp socket.
-tcp_socket :: (N.Socket -> N.SockAddr -> IO ()) -> Maybe String -> Int -> IO N.Socket
+tcp_socket :: (Socket.Socket -> Socket.SockAddr -> IO ()) -> Maybe String -> Int -> IO Socket.Socket
 tcp_socket f host port = do
-  fd <- N.socket N.AF_INET N.Stream 0
-  let hints = N.defaultHints {N.addrFamily = N.AF_INET} -- localhost=ipv4
-  i:_ <- N.getAddrInfo (Just hints) host (Just (show port))
-  let sa = N.addrAddress i
+  fd <- Socket.socket Socket.AF_INET Socket.Stream 0
+  let hints = Socket.defaultHints {Socket.addrFamily = Socket.AF_INET} -- localhost=ipv4
+  i : _ <- Socket.getAddrInfo (Just hints) host (Just (show port))
+  let sa = Socket.addrAddress i
   _ <- f fd sa
   return fd
 
--- | Convert 'N.Socket' to 'Tcp'.
-socket_to_tcp :: N.Socket -> IO Tcp
-socket_to_tcp fd = fmap Tcp (N.socketToHandle fd IO.ReadWriteMode)
+-- | Convert 'Socket.Socket' to 'Tcp'.
+socket_to_tcp :: Socket.Socket -> IO Tcp
+socket_to_tcp fd = fmap Tcp (Socket.socketToHandle fd Io.ReadWriteMode)
 
 -- | Create and initialise Tcp.
-tcp_handle :: (N.Socket -> N.SockAddr -> IO ()) -> String -> Int -> IO Tcp
+tcp_handle :: (Socket.Socket -> Socket.SockAddr -> IO ()) -> String -> Int -> IO Tcp
 tcp_handle f host port = tcp_socket f (Just host) port >>= socket_to_tcp
 
 {- | Make a 'Tcp' connection.
 
-> import Sound.Osc.Datum {- hosc -}
-> import Sound.Osc.Time {- hosc -}
+> import Sound.Osc.Datum
+> import Sound.Osc.Time
 > let t = openTcp "127.0.0.1" 57110
 > let m1 = Packet.message "/dumpOsc" [Int32 1]
 > let m2 = Packet.message "/g_new" [Int32 1]
 > Fd.withTransport t (\fd -> let f = Fd.sendMessage fd in f m1 >> pauseThread 0.25 >> f m2)
-
 -}
 openTcp :: String -> Int -> IO Tcp
-openTcp = tcp_handle N.connect
+openTcp = tcp_handle Socket.connect
 
--- | 'N.accept' connection at /s/ and run /f/.
-tcp_server_f :: N.Socket -> (Tcp -> IO ()) -> IO ()
+-- | 'Socket.accept' connection at /s/ and run /f/.
+tcp_server_f :: Socket.Socket -> (Tcp -> IO ()) -> IO ()
 tcp_server_f s f = do
-  (fd, _) <- N.accept s
+  (fd, _) <- Socket.accept s
   h <- socket_to_tcp fd
   f h
 
 -- | A trivial 'Tcp' /Osc/ server.
 tcp_server :: Int -> (Tcp -> IO ()) -> IO ()
 tcp_server port f = do
-  s <- tcp_socket N.bind Nothing port
-  N.listen s 1
+  s <- tcp_socket Socket.bind Nothing port
+  Socket.listen s 1
   let repeatM_ = sequence_ . repeat
   repeatM_ (tcp_server_f s f)
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Transport/Fd/Udp.hs b/Sound/Osc/Transport/Fd/Udp.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Transport/Fd/Udp.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Transport/Fd/Udp.hs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import Control.Monad {- base -}
 import Data.Bifunctor {- base -}
 
-import qualified Data.ByteString  as B {- bytestring -}
+import qualified Data.ByteString as B {- bytestring -}
 import qualified Network.Socket as N {- network -}
 import qualified Network.Socket.ByteString as C {- network -}
 
@@ -33,22 +33,26 @@
 udp_sendAll_data (Udp fd) = C.sendAll fd
 
 -- | Send packet over Udp.
-udp_send_packet :: Udp -> Packet.Packet -> IO ()
+udp_send_packet :: Udp -> Packet.PacketOf Packet.Message -> IO ()
 udp_send_packet udp = udp_sendAll_data udp . Builder.encodePacket_strict
 
 -- | Receive packet over Udp.
-udp_recv_packet :: Udp -> IO Packet.Packet
+udp_recv_packet :: Udp -> IO (Packet.PacketOf Packet.Message)
 udp_recv_packet (Udp fd) = fmap Binary.decodePacket_strict (C.recv fd 8192)
 
+udp_recv_packet_or :: Udp -> IO (Either String Packet.Packet)
+udp_recv_packet_or (Udp fd) = Binary.decodePacketOr . B.fromStrict <$> C.recv fd 8192
+
 -- | Close Udp.
 udp_close :: Udp -> IO ()
 udp_close (Udp fd) = N.close fd
 
 -- | 'Udp' is an instance of 'Fd.Transport'.
 instance Fd.Transport Udp where
-   sendPacket = udp_send_packet
-   recvPacket = udp_recv_packet
-   close = udp_close
+  sendPacket = udp_send_packet
+  recvPacket = udp_recv_packet
+  recvPacketOr = udp_recv_packet_or
+  close = udp_close
 
 -- | Bracket Udp communication.
 with_udp :: IO Udp -> (Udp -> IO t) -> IO t
@@ -59,7 +63,7 @@
 udp_socket f host port = do
   fd <- N.socket N.AF_INET N.Datagram 0
   let hints = N.defaultHints {N.addrFamily = N.AF_INET} -- localhost=ipv4
-  i:_ <- N.getAddrInfo (Just hints) (Just host) (Just (show port))
+  i : _ <- N.getAddrInfo (Just hints) (Just host) (Just (show port))
   let sa = N.addrAddress i
   f fd sa
   return (Udp fd)
@@ -78,7 +82,7 @@
 
 {- | Trivial 'Udp' server socket.
 
-> import Control.Concurrent {- base -}
+> import Control.Concurrent
 
 > let u0 = udpServer "127.0.0.1" 57300
 > t0 <- forkIO (Fd.withTransport u0 (\fd -> forever (Fd.recvMessage fd >>= print >> print "Received message, continuing")))
@@ -95,19 +99,20 @@
 udp_server p = do
   let hints =
         N.defaultHints
-        {N.addrFamily = N.AF_INET -- localhost=ipv4
-        ,N.addrFlags = [N.AI_PASSIVE,N.AI_NUMERICSERV]
-        ,N.addrSocketType = N.Datagram}
-  a:_ <- N.getAddrInfo (Just hints) Nothing (Just (show p))
+          { N.addrFamily = N.AF_INET -- localhost=ipv4
+          , N.addrFlags = [N.AI_PASSIVE, N.AI_NUMERICSERV]
+          , N.addrSocketType = N.Datagram
+          }
+  a : _ <- N.getAddrInfo (Just hints) Nothing (Just (show p))
   s <- N.socket (N.addrFamily a) (N.addrSocketType a) (N.addrProtocol a)
   N.setSocketOption s N.ReuseAddr 1
   N.bind s (N.addrAddress a)
   return (Udp s)
 
 -- | Send to specified address using 'C.sendAllTo.
-sendTo :: Udp -> Packet.Packet -> N.SockAddr -> IO ()
+sendTo :: Udp -> Packet.PacketOf Packet.Message -> N.SockAddr -> IO ()
 sendTo (Udp fd) p = C.sendAllTo fd (Builder.encodePacket_strict p)
 
 -- | Recv variant to collect message source address.
-recvFrom :: Udp -> IO (Packet.Packet, N.SockAddr)
+recvFrom :: Udp -> IO (Packet.PacketOf Packet.Message, N.SockAddr)
 recvFrom (Udp fd) = fmap (first Binary.decodePacket_strict) (C.recvFrom fd 8192)
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Transport/Monad.hs b/Sound/Osc/Transport/Monad.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Transport/Monad.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Transport/Monad.hs
@@ -9,39 +9,39 @@
 import qualified Control.Monad.Trans.Reader as R {- transformers -}
 
 import qualified Sound.Osc.Datum as Datum {- hosc -}
-import qualified Sound.Osc.Transport.Fd as Fd {- hosc -}
 import qualified Sound.Osc.Packet as Packet {- hosc -}
+import qualified Sound.Osc.Transport.Fd as Fd {- hosc -}
 import qualified Sound.Osc.Wait as Wait {- hosc -}
 
 -- | Sender monad.
 class Monad m => SendOsc m where
-   -- | Encode and send an Osc packet.
-   sendPacket :: Packet.Packet -> m ()
+  -- | Encode and send an Osc packet.
+  sendPacket :: Packet.PacketOf Packet.Message -> m ()
 
 -- | Receiver monad.
 class Monad m => RecvOsc m where
-   -- | Receive and decode an Osc packet.
-   recvPacket :: m Packet.Packet
+  -- | Receive and decode an Osc packet.
+  recvPacket :: m (Packet.PacketOf Packet.Message)
 
 -- | 'DuplexOsc' is the union of 'SendOsc' and 'RecvOsc'.
-class (SendOsc m,RecvOsc m) => DuplexOsc m where
+class (SendOsc m, RecvOsc m) => DuplexOsc m
 
 -- | 'Transport' is 'DuplexOsc' with a 'MonadIO' constraint.
-class (DuplexOsc m,MonadIO m) => Transport m where
+class (DuplexOsc m, MonadIO m) => Transport m
 
 -- | 'SendOsc' over 'ReaderT'.
-instance (Fd.Transport t,MonadIO io) => SendOsc (R.ReaderT t io) where
-   sendPacket p = R.ReaderT (liftIO . flip Fd.sendPacket p)
+instance (Fd.Transport t, MonadIO io) => SendOsc (R.ReaderT t io) where
+  sendPacket p = R.ReaderT (liftIO . flip Fd.sendPacket p)
 
 -- | 'RecvOsc' over 'ReaderT'.
-instance (Fd.Transport t,MonadIO io) => RecvOsc (R.ReaderT t io) where
-   recvPacket = R.ReaderT (liftIO . Fd.recvPacket)
+instance (Fd.Transport t, MonadIO io) => RecvOsc (R.ReaderT t io) where
+  recvPacket = R.ReaderT (liftIO . Fd.recvPacket)
 
 -- | 'DuplexOsc' over 'ReaderT'.
-instance (Fd.Transport t,MonadIO io) => DuplexOsc (R.ReaderT t io) where
+instance (Fd.Transport t, MonadIO io) => DuplexOsc (R.ReaderT t io)
 
 -- | 'Transport' over 'ReaderT'.
-instance (Fd.Transport t,MonadIO io) => Transport (R.ReaderT t io) where
+instance (Fd.Transport t, MonadIO io) => Transport (R.ReaderT t io)
 
 -- | Transport connection.
 type Connection t a = R.ReaderT t IO a
@@ -61,13 +61,13 @@
 sendMessage = sendPacket . Packet.Packet_Message
 
 -- | Type restricted synonym for 'sendOsc'.
-sendBundle :: SendOsc m => Packet.Bundle -> m ()
+sendBundle :: SendOsc m => Packet.BundleOf Packet.Message -> m ()
 sendBundle = sendPacket . Packet.Packet_Bundle
 
 -- * Receive
 
 -- | Variant of 'recvPacket' that runs 'packet_to_bundle'.
-recvBundle :: (RecvOsc m) => m Packet.Bundle
+recvBundle :: (RecvOsc m) => m (Packet.BundleOf Packet.Message)
 recvBundle = fmap Packet.packet_to_bundle recvPacket
 
 -- | Variant of 'recvPacket' that runs 'packet_to_message'.
@@ -84,39 +84,44 @@
 
 -- * Wait
 
--- | Wait for a 'Packet' where the supplied predicate is 'True',
--- discarding intervening packets.
-waitUntil :: (RecvOsc m) => (Packet.Packet -> Bool) -> m Packet.Packet
+{- | Wait for a 'Packet' where the supplied predicate is 'True',
+discarding intervening packets.
+-}
+waitUntil :: (RecvOsc m) => (Packet.PacketOf Packet.Message -> Bool) -> m (Packet.PacketOf Packet.Message)
 waitUntil f = Wait.untilPredicate f recvPacket
 
--- | Wait for a 'Packet' where the supplied function does not give
--- 'Nothing', discarding intervening packets.
-waitFor :: (RecvOsc m) => (Packet.Packet -> Maybe a) -> m a
+{- | Wait for a 'Packet' where the supplied function does not give 'Nothing',
+discarding intervening packets.
+-}
+waitFor :: (RecvOsc m) => (Packet.PacketOf Packet.Message -> Maybe a) -> m a
 waitFor f = Wait.untilMaybe f recvPacket
 
 -- | 'waitUntil' 'packet_is_immediate'.
-waitImmediate :: RecvOsc m => m Packet.Packet
+waitImmediate :: RecvOsc m => m (Packet.PacketOf Packet.Message)
 waitImmediate = waitUntil Packet.packet_is_immediate
 
--- | 'waitFor' 'packet_to_message', ie. an incoming 'Message' or
--- immediate mode 'Bundle' with one element.
+{- | 'waitFor' 'packet_to_message',
+ie. an incoming 'Message' or immediate mode 'Bundle' with one element.
+-}
 waitMessage :: RecvOsc m => m Packet.Message
 waitMessage = waitFor Packet.packet_to_message
 
--- | A 'waitFor' for variant using 'packet_has_address' to match on
--- the 'Address_Pattern' of incoming 'Packets'.
-waitAddress :: RecvOsc m => Packet.Address_Pattern -> m Packet.Packet
+{- | A 'waitFor' for variant using 'packet_has_address' to match on
+the 'Address_Pattern' of incoming 'Packets'.
+-}
+waitAddress :: RecvOsc m => Packet.Address_Pattern -> m (Packet.PacketOf Packet.Message)
 waitAddress s =
-    let f o = if Packet.packet_has_address s o then Just o else Nothing
-    in waitFor f
+  let f o = if Packet.packet_has_address s o then Just o else Nothing
+  in waitFor f
 
 -- | Variant on 'waitAddress' that returns matching 'Message'.
 waitReply :: RecvOsc m => Packet.Address_Pattern -> m Packet.Message
 waitReply s =
-    let f = fromMaybe (error "waitReply: message not located?") .
-            find (Packet.message_has_address s) .
-            Packet.packetMessages
-    in fmap f (waitAddress s)
+  let f =
+        fromMaybe (error "waitReply: message not located?")
+          . find (Packet.message_has_address s)
+          . Packet.packetMessages
+  in fmap f (waitAddress s)
 
 -- | Variant of 'waitReply' that runs 'messageDatum'.
 waitDatum :: RecvOsc m => Packet.Address_Pattern -> m [Datum.Datum]
diff --git a/Sound/Osc/Wait.hs b/Sound/Osc/Wait.hs
--- a/Sound/Osc/Wait.hs
+++ b/Sound/Osc/Wait.hs
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
 -- | Repeat action until predicate /f/ is 'True' when applied to result.
 untilPredicate :: Monad m => (a -> Bool) -> m a -> m a
 untilPredicate f act =
-    let g p = if f p then recur else return p
-        recur = act >>= g
-    in recur
+  let g p = if f p then recur else return p
+      recur = act >>= g
+  in recur
 
 -- | Repeat action until /f/ does not give 'Nothing' when applied to result.
 untilMaybe :: Monad m => (a -> Maybe b) -> m a -> m b
 untilMaybe f act =
-    let g p = maybe recur return (f p)
-        recur = act >>= g
-    in recur
+  let g p = maybe recur return (f p)
+      recur = act >>= g
+  in recur
diff --git a/hosc.cabal b/hosc.cabal
--- a/hosc.cabal
+++ b/hosc.cabal
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 Cabal-Version:     2.4
 Name:              hosc
-Version:           0.20
+Version:           0.21
 Synopsis:          Haskell Open Sound Control
 Description:       Haskell library implementing the Open Sound Control protocol
 License:           GPL-3.0-only
 License-File:      contrib/LICENSE
 Category:          Sound
-Copyright:         (c) Rohan Drape, Stefan Kersten and others, 2007-2022
+Copyright:         (c) Rohan Drape, Stefan Kersten and others, 2007-2024
 Author:            Rohan Drape, Stefan Kersten
 Maintainer:        rd@rohandrape.net
 Stability:         Experimental
 Homepage:          http://rohandrape.net/t/hosc
-Tested-With:       GHC == 9.4.3
+Tested-With:       GHC == 9.10.1
 Build-Type:        Simple
 Data-Files:        README.md
 
@@ -20,15 +20,14 @@
                    binary >= 0.7.2,
                    blaze-builder >= 0.3,
                    bytestring,
-                   data-binary-ieee754,
                    network >= 2.3,
                    parsec,
+                   safe,
                    time >= 1.5,
                    transformers
   Default-Language:Haskell2010
-  GHC-Options:     -Wall -fwarn-tabs
+  GHC-Options:     -Wall -Wno-x-partial -Wno-incomplete-uni-patterns
   Exposed-modules: Sound.Osc
-                   Sound.Osc.Alias
                    Sound.Osc.Coding.Byte
                    Sound.Osc.Coding.Cast
                    Sound.Osc.Coding.Convert
@@ -47,6 +46,7 @@
                    Sound.Osc.Time.Thread.MonadIO
                    Sound.Osc.Time.Timeout
                    Sound.Osc.Transport.Fd
+                   Sound.Osc.Transport.Fd.Socket
                    Sound.Osc.Transport.Fd.Tcp
                    Sound.Osc.Transport.Fd.Udp
                    Sound.Osc.Transport.Monad
