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heaps (empty) → 0.1

raw patch · 4 files changed

+655/−0 lines, 4 filesdep +basesetup-changed

Dependencies added: base

Files

+ Data/Heap.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,604 @@+{-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-}++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Data.Heap+-- Copyright   :  (c) Edward Kmett 2010+-- License     :  BSD-style+-- Maintainer  :  ekmett@gmail.com+-- Stability   :  experimental+-- Portability :  portable+--+-- An efficient, asymptotically optimal, implementation of a priority queues+-- extended with support for efficient size, and `Data.Foldable`+--+-- /Note/: Since many function names (but not the type name) clash with+-- "Prelude" names, this module is usually imported @qualified@, e.g.+--+-- >  import Data.Heap (Heap)+-- >  import qualified Data.Heap as Heap+--+-- The implementation of 'Heap' is based on /bootstrapped skew binomial heaps/ +-- as described by:+--+--    * G. Brodal and C. Okasaki , \"/Optimal Purely Functional Priority Queues/\",+--      /Journal of Functional Programming/ 6:839-857 (1996),+--      <http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.48.973>+--+-- All time bounds are worst-case.+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------++module Data.Heap+    ( +    -- * Heap Type+      Heap -- instance Eq,Ord,Show,Read,Data,Typeable+    -- * Entry type+    , Entry(..) -- instance Eq,Ord,Show,Read,Data,Typeable+    -- * Basic functions+    , empty             -- O(1) :: Heap a +    , null              -- O(1) :: Heap a -> Bool+    , size              -- O(1) :: Heap a -> Int+    , singleton         -- O(1) :: Ord a => a -> Heap a+    , insert            -- O(1) :: Ord a => a -> Heap a -> Heap a+    , minimum           -- O(1) (/partial/) :: Ord a => Heap a -> a+    , deleteMin         -- O(log n) :: Heap a -> Heap a+    , meld              -- O(1) :: Heap a -> Heap a -> Heap a+    , uncons, viewMin   -- O(1)\/O(log n) :: Heap a -> Maybe (a, Heap a)+    -- * Transformations+    , mapMonotonic      -- O(n) :: Ord b => (a -> b) -> Heap a -> Heap b +    , map               -- O(n) :: Ord b => (a -> b) -> Heap a -> Heap b+    -- * To/From Lists+    , toUnsortedList    -- O(n) :: Heap a -> [a]+    , fromList          -- O(n) :: Ord a => [a] -> Heap a +    , traverse          -- O(n log n) :: (Applicative t, Ord b) => (a -> t b) -> Heap a -> t (Heap b)+    , mapM              -- O(n log n) :: (Monad m, Ord b) => (a -> m b) -> Heap a -> m (Heap b)+    , concatMap         -- O(n) :: Ord b => Heap a -> (a -> Heap b) -> Heap b+    -- * Filtering+    , filter            -- O(n) :: (a -> Bool) -> Heap a -> Heap a+    , partition         -- O(n) :: (a -> Bool) -> Heap a -> (Heap a, Heap a)+    , split             -- O(n) :: a -> Heap a -> (Heap a, Heap a, Heap a)+    , break             -- O(n log n) :: (a -> Bool) -> Heap a -> (Heap a, Heap a)+    , span              -- O(n log n) :: (a -> Bool) -> Heap a -> (Heap a, Heap a)+    , take              -- O(n log n) :: Int -> Heap a -> Heap a+    , drop              -- O(n log n) :: Int -> Heap a -> Heap a+    , splitAt           -- O(n log n) :: Int -> Heap a -> (Heap a, Heap a)+    , takeWhile         -- O(n log n) :: (a -> Bool) -> Heap a -> Heap a+    , dropWhile         -- O(n log n) :: (a -> Bool) -> Heap a -> Heap a+    -- * Grouping+    , group             -- O(n log n) :: Heap a -> Heap (Heap a)+    , groupBy           -- O(n log n) :: (a -> a -> Bool) -> Heap a -> Heap (Heap a)+    , nub               -- O(n log n) :: Heap a -> Heap a+    -- * Intersection+    , intersect         -- O(n log n + m log m) :: Heap a -> Heap a -> Heap a+    , intersectWith     -- O(n log n + m log m) :: Ord b => (a -> a -> b) -> Heap a -> Heap a -> Heap b+    -- * Duplication+    , replicate         -- O(log n) :: Ord a => a -> Int -> Heap a +    ) where++import Prelude hiding +    ( map, null+    , span, dropWhile, takeWhile, break, filter, take, drop, splitAt+    , foldr, minimum, replicate, mapM+    , concatMap+    )+import qualified Data.List as L+import Control.Applicative (Applicative(pure))+import Control.Monad (liftM)+import Data.Monoid (Monoid(mappend, mempty))+import Data.Foldable hiding (minimum, concatMap)+import Data.Data (DataType, Constr, mkConstr, mkDataType, Fixity(Prefix), Data(..), constrIndex)+import Data.Typeable (Typeable)+import Text.Read+import Text.Show+import qualified Data.Traversable as Traversable+import Data.Traversable (Traversable)++-- The implementation of Heap must internally hold onto the dictionary entry for (<=), +-- so that it can be made Foldable. Confluence in the absence of incoherent instances+-- is provided by the fact that we only ever build these from instances of Ord a (except in the case of groupBy)+++-- | A min-heap of values @a@.+data Heap a +    = Empty +    | Heap {-# UNPACK #-} !Int (a -> a -> Bool) {-# UNPACK #-} !(Tree a)+    deriving (Typeable)++instance Show a => Show (Heap a) where+    showsPrec _ Empty = showString "fromList []"+    showsPrec d (Heap _ _ t) = showParen (d > 10) $ +            showString "fromList " . +            showsPrec 11 (toList t)++instance (Ord a, Read a) => Read (Heap a) where+    readPrec = parens $ prec 10 $ do+        Ident "fromList" <- lexP+        fromList `fmap` step readPrec++instance (Ord a, Data a) => Data (Heap a) where+    gfoldl k z h = z fromList `k` toUnsortedList h+    toConstr _ = fromListConstr+    dataTypeOf _ = heapDataType+    gunfold k z c = case constrIndex c of+       1 -> k (z fromList)+       _ -> error "gunfold"++heapDataType :: DataType+heapDataType = mkDataType "Data.Heap.Heap" [fromListConstr]++fromListConstr :: Constr+fromListConstr = mkConstr heapDataType "fromList" [] Prefix++instance Eq (Heap a) where+    Empty == Empty = True+    Empty == Heap{} = False+    Heap{} == Empty = False+    a@(Heap s1 leq _) == b@(Heap s2 _ _) = s1 == s2 && go leq (toList a) (toList b)+        where+            go f (x:xs) (y:ys) = f x y && f y x && go f xs ys+            go _ [] [] = True+            go _ _ _ = False++instance Ord (Heap a) where+    Empty `compare` Empty = EQ+    Empty `compare` Heap{} = LT+    Heap{} `compare` Empty = GT+    a@(Heap _ leq _) `compare` b = go leq (toList a) (toList b)+        where+            go f (x:xs) (y:ys) = +                if f x y +                then if f y x +                     then go f xs ys +                     else LT+                else GT+            go f [] []    = EQ+            go f [] (_:_) = LT+            go f (_:_) [] = GT+    +-- | /O(1)/. Is the heap empty?+--+-- > Data.Heap.null empty         == True+-- > Data.Heap.null (singleton 1) == False+null :: Heap a -> Bool+null Empty = True+null _ = False++-- | /O(1)/. The number of elements in the heap.+-- +-- > size empty == 0+-- > size (singleton 1) == 1+-- > size (fromList [4,1,2]) == 3+size :: Heap a -> Int+size Empty = 0+size (Heap s _ _) = s++-- | /O(1)/. The empty heap+-- +-- > empty == fromList []+-- > size empty == 0+empty :: Heap a +empty = Empty++-- | /O(1)/. A heap with a single element+--+-- > singleton 1 == fromList [1]+-- > singleton 1 == insert 1 empty+-- > size (singleton 1) == 1+singleton :: Ord a => a -> Heap a+singleton = singletonWith (<=)++singletonWith :: (a -> a -> Bool) -> a -> Heap a +singletonWith f a = Heap 1 f (Node 0 a Nil)++-- | /O(1)/. Insert a new value into the heap.+-- +-- > insert 2 (fromList [1,3]) == fromList [3,2,1]+-- > insert 5 empty            == singleton 5+-- > size (insert "Item" xs)    == 1 + size xs+insert :: Ord a => a -> Heap a -> Heap a+insert = insertWith (<=)++insertWith :: (a -> a -> Bool) -> a -> Heap a -> Heap a+insertWith leq x Empty = singletonWith leq x+insertWith leq x (Heap s _ t@(Node _ y f)) +    | leq x y   = Heap (s+1) leq (Node 0 x (t `Cons` Nil))+    | otherwise = Heap (s+1) leq (Node 0 y (skewInsert leq (Node 0 x Nil) f))++-- | /O(1)/. Meld the values from two heaps into one heap.+--+-- > meld (fromList [1,3,5]) (fromList [6,4,2]) = fromList [1..6]+-- > meld (fromList [1,1,1]) (fromList [1,2,1]) = fromList [1,1,1,1,1,2]+meld :: Heap a -> Heap a -> Heap a +meld Empty q = q+meld q Empty = q+meld (Heap s1 leq t1@(Node _ x1 f1)) (Heap s2 _ t2@(Node _ x2 f2))+    | leq x1 x2 = Heap (s1 + s2) leq (Node 0 x1 (skewInsert leq t2 f1))+    | otherwise = Heap (s1 + s2) leq (Node 0 x2 (skewInsert leq t1 f2))++-- | /O(log n)/. Create a heap consisting of multiple copies of the same value.+--+-- > replicate 'a' 10 == fromList "aaaaaaaaaa"+replicate :: Ord a => a -> Int -> Heap a +replicate x0 y0 +    | y0 < 0 = error "Heap.replicate: negative length"+    | y0 == 0 = mempty+    | otherwise = f (singleton x0) y0+    where+        f x y +            | even y = f (meld x x) (quot y 2)+            | y == 1 = x+            | otherwise = g (meld x x) (quot (y - 1) 2) x+        g x y z +            | even y = g (meld x x) (quot y 2) z+            | y == 1 = meld x z+            | otherwise = g (meld x x) (quot (y - 1) 2) (meld x z)++-- | /O(1)/ access to the minimum element. +--   /O(log n)/ access to the remainder of the heap +--   same operation as 'viewMin'+--+-- > uncons (fromList [2,1,3]) == Just (1, fromList [3,2])+uncons :: Ord a => Heap a -> Maybe (a, Heap a)+uncons Empty = Nothing+uncons l@(Heap _ _ t) = Just (root t, deleteMin l)++-- | Same as 'uncons'+viewMin :: Ord a => Heap a -> Maybe (a, Heap a)+viewMin = uncons++-- | /O(1)/. Assumes the argument is a non-'null' heap.+--+-- > minimum (fromList [3,1,2]) == 1+minimum :: Heap a -> a+minimum Empty = error "Heap.minimum: empty heap"+minimum (Heap _ _ t) = root t ++trees :: Forest a -> [Tree a]+trees (a `Cons` as) = a : trees as+trees Nil = []++-- | /O(log n)/. Delete the minimum key from the heap and return the resulting heap.+-- +-- > deleteMin (fromList [3,1,2]) == fromList [2,3]+deleteMin :: Heap a -> Heap a +deleteMin Empty = Empty+deleteMin (Heap _ _ (Node _ _ Nil)) = Empty+deleteMin (Heap s leq (Node _ _ f0)) = Heap (s - 1) leq (Node 0 x f3)+    where+        (Node r x cf, ts2) = getMin leq f0+        (zs, ts1, f1) = splitForest r Nil Nil cf +        f2 = skewMeld leq (skewMeld leq ts1 ts2) f1+        f3 = foldr (skewInsert leq) f2 (trees zs)++-- | /O(n)/. Build a heap from a list of values.+--+-- > size (fromList [1,5,3]) == 3+-- > fromList . toList = id+-- > toList . fromList = sort+fromList :: Ord a => [a] -> Heap a+fromList = foldr insert mempty++fromListWith :: (a -> a -> Bool) -> [a] -> Heap a+fromListWith f = foldr (insertWith f) mempty++instance Monoid (Heap a) where+    mempty = empty+    mappend = meld++-- | /O(n)/. Returns the elements in the heap in some arbitrary, very likely unsorted, order.+-- +-- > toUnsortedList (fromList [3,1,2]) == [1,3,2]+-- > fromList . toUnsortedList         == id+toUnsortedList :: Heap a -> [a]+toUnsortedList Empty = []+toUnsortedList (Heap _ _ t) = foldMap return t++instance Foldable Heap where+    foldMap _ Empty = mempty+    foldMap f l@(Heap _ _ t) = f (root t) `mappend` foldMap f (deleteMin l)++-- | /O(n)/. Map a function over the heap, returning a new heap ordered appropriately for its fresh contents+--+-- > map negate (fromList [3,1,2]) == fromList [-2,-3,-1]+map :: Ord b => (a -> b) -> Heap a -> Heap b+map _ Empty = Empty+map f (Heap _ _ t) = foldMap (singleton . f) t++-- | /O(n)/. Map a monotone increasing function over the heap. +-- Provides a better constant factor for performance than 'map', but no checking is performed that the function provided is monotone increasing. Misuse of this function can cause a Heap to violate the heap property.+--+-- > map (+1) (fromList [1,2,3]) = fromList [2,3,4]+-- > map (*2) (fromList [1,2,3]) = fromList [2,4,6]+mapMonotonic :: Ord b => (a -> b) -> Heap a -> Heap b+mapMonotonic _ Empty = Empty+mapMonotonic f (Heap s _ t) = Heap s (<=) (fmap f t) ++-- * Filter++-- | /O(n)/. Filter the heap, retaining only values that satisfy the predicate.+-- +-- > filter (>'a') (fromList "ab") == singleton 'b'+-- > filter (>'x') (fromList "ab") == empty+-- > filter (<'a') (fromList "ab") == empty+filter :: (a -> Bool) -> Heap a -> Heap a+filter _ Empty = Empty+filter p (Heap _ leq t) = foldMap f t +    where+        f x | p x = singletonWith leq x+            | otherwise = Empty++-- | /O(n)/. Partition the heap according to a predicate. The first heap contains all elements that satisfy the predicate, the second all elements that fail the predicate. See also 'split'.+-- +-- > partition (>'a') (fromList "ab") (singleton 'b', singleton 'a')+partition :: (a -> Bool) -> Heap a -> (Heap a, Heap a)+partition _ Empty = (Empty, Empty)+partition p (Heap _ leq t) = foldMap f t+    where +        f x | p x       = (singletonWith leq x, mempty)+            | otherwise = (mempty, singletonWith leq x) ++-- | /O(n)/. Partition the heap into heaps of the elements that are less than, equal to, and greater than a given value.+-- +-- > split 'h' (fromList "hello") == (singleton 'e', singleton 'h', fromList "lol")++split :: a -> Heap a -> (Heap a, Heap a, Heap a)+split a Empty = (Empty, Empty, Empty)+split a (Heap s leq t) = foldMap f t +    where+        f x = if leq x a +              then if leq a x +                   then (mempty, singletonWith leq x, mempty)+                   else (singletonWith leq x, mempty, mempty)+              else (mempty, mempty, singletonWith leq x)++-- * Subranges++-- | /O(n log n)/. Return a heap consisting of the least @n@ elements of a given heap.+-- +-- > take 3 (fromList [10,2,4,1,9,8,2]) == fromList [1,2,2]+take :: Int -> Heap a -> Heap a+take = withList . L.take++-- | /O(n log n)/. Return a heap consisting of all members of given heap except for the @n@ least elements.+drop :: Int -> Heap a -> Heap a+drop = withList . L.drop++-- | /O(n log n)/. Split a heap into two heaps, the first containing the @n@ least elements, the latter consisting of all members of the heap except for those elements.+splitAt :: Int -> Heap a -> (Heap a, Heap a)+splitAt = splitWithList . L.splitAt++-- | /O(n log n)/. 'break' applied to a predicate @p@ and a heap @xs@ returns a tuple where the first element is a heap consisting of the+-- longest prefix the least elements of @xs@ that /do not satisfy/ p and the second element is the remainder of the elements in the heap.+-- +-- > break (\x -> x `mod` 4 == 0) (fromList [3,5,7,12,13,16]) == (fromList [3,5,7], fromList [12,13,16])+--+-- 'break' @p@ is equivalent to @'span' ('not' . p)@.+break :: (a -> Bool) -> Heap a -> (Heap a, Heap a)+break = splitWithList . L.break++-- | /O(n log n)/. 'span' applied to a predicate @p@ and a heap @xs@ returns a tuple where the first element is a heap consisting of the+-- longest prefix the least elements of xs that satisfy @p@ and the second element is the remainder of the elements in the heap.+-- +-- > span (\x -> x `mod` 4 == 0) (fromList [4,8,12,14,16]) == (fromList [4,8,12],fromList [14,16])+--+-- 'span' @p xs@ is equivalent to @('takeWhile' p xs, 'dropWhile p xs)@++span :: (a -> Bool) -> Heap a -> (Heap a, Heap a)+span = splitWithList . L.span++-- | /O(n log n)/. 'takeWhile' applied to a predicate @p@ and a heap @xs@ returns a heap consisting of the+-- longest prefix the least elements of @xs@ that satisfy @p@.+-- +-- > takeWhile (\x -> x `mod` 4 == 0) (fromList [4,8,12,14,16]) == fromList [4,8,12]+takeWhile :: (a -> Bool) -> Heap a -> Heap a+takeWhile = withList . L.takeWhile++-- | /O(n log n)/. 'dropWhile' @p xs@ returns the suffix of the heap remaining after 'takeWhile' @p xs@.+-- +-- > dropWhile (\x -> x `mod` 4 == 0) (fromList [4,8,12,14,16]) == fromList [14,16]+dropWhile :: (a -> Bool) -> Heap a -> Heap a+dropWhile = withList . L.dropWhile++-- | /O(n log n)/. Remove duplicate entries from the heap.+-- +-- > nub (fromList [1,1,2,6,6]) == fromList [1,2,6]+nub :: Heap a -> Heap a+nub Empty = Empty+nub h@(Heap _ leq t) = insertWith leq x (nub zs)+    where+        x = root t +        xs = deleteMin h+        zs = dropWhile (`leq` x) xs++-- | /O(n)/. Construct heaps from each element in another heap, and meld them together.+--+-- concatMap (\a -> fromList [a,a+1]) (fromList [1,4]) == fromList [1,2,4,5]+concatMap :: Ord b => (a -> Heap b) -> Heap a -> Heap b +concatMap _ Empty = Empty +concatMap f h@(Heap _ _ t) = foldMap f t++-- | /O(n log n)/. Group a heap into a heap of heaps, by melding together duplicates.+-- +-- > group (fromList "hello") == fromList [fromList "h", fromList "e", fromList "ll", fromList "o"]+group :: Heap a -> Heap (Heap a)+group Empty = Empty+group h@(Heap _ leq _) = groupBy (flip leq) h++-- | /O(n log n)/. Group using a user supplied function.+groupBy :: (a -> a -> Bool) -> Heap a -> Heap (Heap a)+groupBy f Empty = Empty +groupBy f h@(Heap _ leq t) = insert (insertWith leq x ys) (groupBy f zs) +    where +        x = root t +        xs = deleteMin h+        (ys,zs) = span (f x) xs++-- | /O(n log n + m log m)/. Intersect the values in two heaps, returning the value in the left heap that compares as equal+intersect :: Heap a -> Heap a -> Heap a+intersect Empty _ = Empty+intersect _ Empty = Empty+intersect a@(Heap _ leq _) b = go leq (toList a) (toList b)+    where+        go leq' xxs@(x:xs) yys@(y:ys) =+            if leq' x y +            then if leq' y x +                 then insertWith leq' x (go leq' xs ys)+                 else go leq' xs yys+            else go leq' xxs ys +        go _ [] _ = empty+        go _ _ [] = empty++-- | /O(n log n + m log m)/. Intersect the values in two heaps using a function to generate the elements in the right heap.+intersectWith :: Ord b => (a -> a -> b) -> Heap a -> Heap a -> Heap b+intersectWith _ Empty _ = Empty+intersectWith _ _ Empty = Empty+intersectWith f a@(Heap _ leq _) b = go leq f (toList a) (toList b)+    where +        go :: Ord b => (a -> a -> Bool) -> (a -> a -> b) -> [a] -> [a] -> Heap b+        go leq' f' xxs@(x:xs) yys@(y:ys) +            | leq' x y = +                if leq' y x +                then insert (f' x y) (go leq' f' xs ys)+                else go leq' f' xs yys+            | otherwise = go leq' f' xxs ys +        go _ _ [] _ = empty+        go _ _ _ [] = empty++-- | /O(n log n)/. Traverse the elements of the heap in sorted order and produce a new heap using 'Applicative' side-effects.+traverse :: (Applicative t, Ord b) => (a -> t b) -> Heap a -> t (Heap b)+traverse f = fmap fromList . Traversable.traverse f . toList++-- | /O(n log n)/. Traverse the elements of the heap in sorted order and produce a new heap using 'Monad'ic side-effects.+mapM :: (Monad m, Ord b) => (a -> m b) -> Heap a -> m (Heap b)+mapM f = liftM fromList . Traversable.mapM f . toList ++both :: (a -> b) -> (a, a) -> (b, b)+both f (a,b) = (f a, f b)++on :: (b -> b -> c) -> (a -> b) -> a -> a -> c+on f g a b = f (g a) (g b)++-- we hold onto the children counts in the nodes for O(1) size+data Tree a = Node +    { rank :: {-# UNPACK #-} !Int+    , root :: a+    , _forest :: !(Forest a) +    } deriving (Show,Read,Typeable)++data Forest a = !(Tree a) `Cons` !(Forest a) | Nil+    deriving (Show,Read,Typeable)+infixr 5 `Cons`++instance Functor Tree where+    fmap f (Node r a as) = Node r (f a) (fmap f as)++instance Functor Forest where+    fmap f (a `Cons` as) = fmap f a `Cons` fmap f as+    fmap _ Nil = Nil++-- internal foldable instances that should only be used over commutative monoids+instance Foldable Tree where+    foldMap f (Node _ a as) = f a `mappend` foldMap f as++-- internal foldable instances that should only be used over commutative monoids+instance Foldable Forest where+    foldMap f (a `Cons` as) = foldMap f a `mappend` foldMap f as+    foldMap _ Nil = mempty++link :: (a -> a -> Bool) -> Tree a -> Tree a -> Tree a+link f t1@(Node r1 x1 cf1) t2@(Node r2 x2 cf2) -- assumes r1 == r2+    | f x1 x2   = Node (r1+1) x1 (t2 `Cons` cf1)+    | otherwise = Node (r2+1) x2 (t1 `Cons` cf2)++skewLink :: (a -> a -> Bool) -> Tree a -> Tree a -> Tree a -> Tree a +skewLink f t0@(Node _ x0 cf0) t1@(Node r1 x1 cf1) t2@(Node r2 x2 cf2)+    | f x1 x0 && f x1 x2 = Node (r1+1) x1 (t0 `Cons` t2 `Cons` cf1)+    | f x2 x0 && f x2 x1 = Node (r2+1) x2 (t0 `Cons` t1 `Cons` cf2)+    | otherwise          = Node (r1+1) x0 (t1 `Cons` t2 `Cons` cf0)++ins :: (a -> a -> Bool) -> Tree a -> Forest a -> Forest a +ins _ t Nil = t `Cons` Nil+ins f t (t' `Cons` ts) -- assumes rank t <= rank t'+    | rank t < rank t' = t `Cons` t' `Cons` ts+    | otherwise = ins f (link f t t') ts++uniqify :: (a -> a -> Bool) -> Forest a -> Forest a +uniqify _ Nil = Nil+uniqify f (t `Cons` ts) = ins f t ts++meldUniq :: (a -> a -> Bool) -> Forest a -> Forest a -> Forest a+meldUniq _ Nil ts = ts+meldUniq _ ts Nil = ts+meldUniq f tts1@(t1 `Cons` ts1) tts2@(t2 `Cons` ts2) = case compare (rank t1) (rank t2) of+        LT -> t1 `Cons` meldUniq f ts1 tts2+        EQ -> ins f (link f t1 t2) (meldUniq f ts1 ts2)+        GT -> t2 `Cons` meldUniq f tts1 ts2++skewInsert :: (a -> a -> Bool) -> Tree a -> Forest a -> Forest a+skewInsert f t ts@(t1 `Cons` t2 `Cons`rest) +    | rank t1 == rank t2 = skewLink f t t1 t2 `Cons` rest+    | otherwise = t `Cons` ts+skewInsert _ t ts = t `Cons` ts++skewMeld :: (a -> a -> Bool) -> Forest a -> Forest a -> Forest a +skewMeld f ts ts' = meldUniq f (uniqify f ts) (uniqify f ts')++getMin :: (a -> a -> Bool) -> Forest a -> (Tree a, Forest a) +getMin _ (t `Cons` Nil) = (t, Nil)+getMin f (t `Cons` ts) +    | f (root t) (root t') = (t, ts)+    | otherwise            = (t', t `Cons` ts')+    where (t',ts') = getMin f ts+getMin _ Nil = error "Heap.getMin: empty forest"++splitForest :: Int -> Forest a -> Forest a -> Forest a -> (Forest a, Forest a, Forest a)+splitForest a b c d | a `seq` b `seq` c `seq` d `seq` False = undefined+splitForest 0 zs ts f = (zs, ts, f)+splitForest 1 zs ts (t `Cons` Nil) = (zs, t `Cons` ts, Nil)+splitForest 1 zs ts (t1 `Cons` t2 `Cons` f) +        -- rank t1 == 0+        | rank t2 == 0 = (t1 `Cons` zs, t2 `Cons` ts, f)+        | otherwise    = (zs, t1 `Cons` ts, t2 `Cons` f) +splitForest r zs ts (t1 `Cons` t2 `Cons` cf) +    -- r1 = r - 1 or r1 == 0+    | r1 == r2          = (zs, t1 `Cons` t2 `Cons` ts, cf)+    | r1 == 0           = splitForest (r-1) (t1 `Cons` zs) (t2 `Cons` ts) cf+    | otherwise         = splitForest (r-1) zs (t1 `Cons` ts) (t2 `Cons` cf)+    where +        r1 = rank t1+        r2 = rank t2+splitForest _ _ _ _ = error "Heap.splitForest: invalid arguments"++withList :: ([a] -> [a]) -> Heap a -> Heap a +withList _ Empty = Empty+withList f hp@(Heap _ leq _) = fromListWith leq (f (toList hp))++splitWithList :: ([a] -> ([a],[a])) -> Heap a -> (Heap a, Heap a)+splitWithList _ Empty = (Empty, Empty)+splitWithList f hp@(Heap _ leq _) = both (fromListWith leq) (f (toList hp))++-- explicit priority/payload tuples++data Entry p a = Entry { priority :: p, payload :: a }+    deriving (Read,Show,Data,Typeable)++instance Functor (Entry p) where+    fmap f (Entry p a) = Entry p (f a)++instance Foldable (Entry p) where+    foldMap f (Entry _ a) = f a++instance Traversable (Entry p) where+    traverse f (Entry p a) = Entry p `fmap` f a++-- instance Copointed (Entry p) where +--     extract (Entry _ a) = a++-- instance Comonad (Entry p) where +--     extend f pa@(Entry p _) Entry p (f pa)++instance Eq p => Eq (Entry p a) where+    (==) = (==) `on` priority++instance Ord p => Ord (Entry p a) where+    compare = compare `on` priority 
+ LICENSE view
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@+Copyright (c) 2010, Edward Kmett+All rights reserved.++Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are+met:++    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.++    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above+      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following+      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided+      with the distribution.++    * Neither the name of Edward Kmett nor the names of other+      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived+      from this software without specific prior written permission.++THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT+OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT+LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,+DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY+THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ Setup.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@+import Distribution.Simple+main = defaultMain
+ heaps.cabal view
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@+name:           heaps+version:        0.1+license:        BSD3+license-file:   LICENSE+author:         Edward A. Kmett+maintainer:     Edward A. Kmett <ekmett@gmail.com>+stability:      experimental+homepage:       http://comonad.com/reader/+category:       Data Structures+synopsis:       Asymptotically optimal Brodal/Okasaki heaps.+description:    Asymptotically optimal Brodal/Okasaki bootstrapped skew-binomial heaps from the paper \"Optimal Purely Functional Priority Queues\", extended with a Foldable interface.+copyright:      (c) 2010 Edward A. Kmett+build-type:     Simple+cabal-version:  >=1.2++library+  exposed-modules: Data.Heap+  build-depends:+    base >= 4 && < 6