diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,3 +1,32 @@
 dist
-tags
+dist-newstyle
+docs
+wiki
 TAGS
+tags
+wip
+.DS_Store
+.*.swp
+.*.swo
+*.o
+*.hi
+*~
+*#
+.stack-work/
+cabal-dev
+*.chi
+*.chs.h
+*.dyn_o
+*.dyn_hi
+.hpc
+.hsenv
+.cabal-sandbox/
+cabal.sandbox.config
+*.prof
+*.aux
+*.hp
+*.eventlog
+cabal.project.local
+cabal.project.local~
+.HTF/
+.ghc.environment.*
diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -1,124 +1,156 @@
-# This file has been generated -- see https://github.com/hvr/multi-ghc-travis
+# This Travis job script has been generated by a script via
+#
+#   runghc make_travis_yml_2.hs '-o' '.travis.yml' '--irc-channel=irc.freenode.org#haskell-lens' '--no-no-tests-no-bench' '--no-installed' 'cabal.project'
+#
+# For more information, see https://github.com/hvr/multi-ghc-travis
+#
 language: c
 sudo: false
 
+git:
+  submodules: false  # whether to recursively clone submodules
+
+notifications:
+  irc:
+    channels:
+      - "irc.freenode.org#haskell-lens"
+    skip_join: true
+    template:
+      - "\x0313heaps\x03/\x0306%{branch}\x03 \x0314%{commit}\x03 %{build_url} %{message}"
+
 cache:
   directories:
-    - $HOME/.cabsnap
     - $HOME/.cabal/packages
+    - $HOME/.cabal/store
 
 before_cache:
   - rm -fv $HOME/.cabal/packages/hackage.haskell.org/build-reports.log
-  - rm -fv $HOME/.cabal/packages/hackage.haskell.org/00-index.tar
+  # remove files that are regenerated by 'cabal update'
+  - rm -fv $HOME/.cabal/packages/hackage.haskell.org/00-index.*
+  - rm -fv $HOME/.cabal/packages/hackage.haskell.org/*.json
+  - rm -fv $HOME/.cabal/packages/hackage.haskell.org/01-index.cache
+  - rm -fv $HOME/.cabal/packages/hackage.haskell.org/01-index.tar
+  - rm -fv $HOME/.cabal/packages/hackage.haskell.org/01-index.tar.idx
 
+  - rm -rfv $HOME/.cabal/packages/head.hackage
+
+addons:
+  apt:
+    packages: &apt_packages
+      - ghc-ppa-tools
+      - hlint
+
 matrix:
   include:
-    - env: CABALVER=1.24 GHCVER=7.0.4
-      compiler: ": #GHC 7.0.4"
-      addons: {apt: {packages: [cabal-install-1.24,ghc-7.0.4,hlint], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
-    - env: CABALVER=1.24 GHCVER=7.2.2
-      compiler: ": #GHC 7.2.2"
-      addons: {apt: {packages: [cabal-install-1.24,ghc-7.2.2,hlint], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
-    - env: CABALVER=1.24 GHCVER=7.4.2
-      compiler: ": #GHC 7.4.2"
-      addons: {apt: {packages: [cabal-install-1.24,ghc-7.4.2,hlint], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
-    - env: CABALVER=1.24 GHCVER=7.6.3
-      compiler: ": #GHC 7.6.3"
-      addons: {apt: {packages: [cabal-install-1.24,ghc-7.6.3,hlint], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
-    - env: CABALVER=1.24 GHCVER=7.8.4
-      compiler: ": #GHC 7.8.4"
-      addons: {apt: {packages: [cabal-install-1.24,ghc-7.8.4,hlint], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
-    - env: CABALVER=1.24 GHCVER=7.10.3
-      compiler: ": #GHC 7.10.3"
-      addons: {apt: {packages: [cabal-install-1.24,ghc-7.10.3,hlint], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
-    - env: CABALVER=1.24 GHCVER=8.0.2
-      compiler: ": #GHC 8.0.2"
-      addons: {apt: {packages: [cabal-install-1.24,ghc-8.0.2,hlint], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
-    - env: CABALVER=2.0 GHCVER=8.2.1
-      compiler: ": #GHC 8.2.1"
-      addons: {apt: {packages: [cabal-install-2.0,ghc-8.2.1,hlint], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
-    - env: CABALVER=head GHCVER=head
-      compiler: ": #GHC head"
-      addons: {apt: {packages: [cabal-install-head,ghc-head,hlint], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-7.0.4"
+    # env: TEST=--disable-tests BENCH=--disable-benchmarks
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [*apt_packages,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-7.0.4], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-7.2.2"
+    # env: TEST=--disable-tests BENCH=--disable-benchmarks
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [*apt_packages,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-7.2.2], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-7.4.2"
+    # env: TEST=--disable-tests BENCH=--disable-benchmarks
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [*apt_packages,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-7.4.2], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-7.6.3"
+    # env: TEST=--disable-tests BENCH=--disable-benchmarks
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [*apt_packages,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-7.6.3], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-7.8.4"
+    # env: TEST=--disable-tests BENCH=--disable-benchmarks
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [*apt_packages,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-7.8.4], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-7.10.3"
+    # env: TEST=--disable-tests BENCH=--disable-benchmarks
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [*apt_packages,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-7.10.3], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-8.0.2"
+    # env: TEST=--disable-tests BENCH=--disable-benchmarks
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [*apt_packages,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-8.0.2], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-8.2.2"
+    # env: TEST=--disable-tests BENCH=--disable-benchmarks
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [*apt_packages,cabal-install-2.0,ghc-8.2.2], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-8.4.1"
+      env: GHCHEAD=true
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [*apt_packages,cabal-install-head,ghc-8.4.1], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - compiler: "ghc-head"
+      env: GHCHEAD=true
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [*apt_packages,cabal-install-head,ghc-head], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
 
   allow_failures:
-    - env: CABALVER=1.24 GHCVER=7.0.4
-    - env: CABALVER=1.24 GHCVER=7.2.2
-    - env: CABALVER=head GHCVER=head
+    - compiler: "ghc-7.0.4"
+    - compiler: "ghc-7.2.2"
+    - compiler: "ghc-8.4.1"
+    - compiler: "ghc-head"
 
 before_install:
- - unset CC
- - export PATH=$HOME/.cabal/bin:/opt/ghc/$GHCVER/bin:/opt/cabal/$CABALVER/bin:$PATH
+  - HC=${CC}
+  - HCPKG=${HC/ghc/ghc-pkg}
+  - unset CC
+  - ROOTDIR=$(pwd)
+  - mkdir -p $HOME/.local/bin
+  - "PATH=/opt/ghc/bin:/opt/ghc-ppa-tools/bin:$HOME/local/bin:$PATH"
+  - HCNUMVER=$(( $(${HC} --numeric-version|sed -E 's/([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+).*/\1 * 10000 + \2 * 100 + \3/') ))
+  - echo $HCNUMVER
 
 install:
- - cabal --version
- - echo "$(ghc --version) [$(ghc --print-project-git-commit-id 2> /dev/null || echo '?')]"
- - if [ -f $HOME/.cabal/packages/hackage.haskell.org/00-index.tar.gz ];
-   then
-     zcat $HOME/.cabal/packages/hackage.haskell.org/00-index.tar.gz >
-          $HOME/.cabal/packages/hackage.haskell.org/00-index.tar;
-   fi
- - travis_retry cabal update -v
- - sed -i 's/^jobs:/-- jobs:/' ${HOME}/.cabal/config
- - cabal install --only-dependencies --enable-tests --enable-benchmarks --dry -v > installplan.txt
- - sed -i -e '1,/^Resolving /d' installplan.txt; cat installplan.txt
+  - cabal --version
+  - echo "$(${HC} --version) [$(${HC} --print-project-git-commit-id 2> /dev/null || echo '?')]"
+  - BENCH=${BENCH---enable-benchmarks}
+  - TEST=${TEST---enable-tests}
+  - HADDOCK=${HADDOCK-true}
+  - INSTALLED=${INSTALLED-true}
+  - GHCHEAD=${GHCHEAD-false}
+  - travis_retry cabal update -v
+  - "sed -i.bak 's/^jobs:/-- jobs:/' ${HOME}/.cabal/config"
+  - rm -fv cabal.project cabal.project.local
+  # Overlay Hackage Package Index for GHC HEAD: https://github.com/hvr/head.hackage
+  - |
+    if $GHCHEAD; then
+      sed -i.bak 's/-- allow-newer:.*/allow-newer: *:base, *:template-haskell, *:ghc, *:Cabal/' ${HOME}/.cabal/config
 
-# check whether current requested install-plan matches cached package-db snapshot
- - if diff -u installplan.txt $HOME/.cabsnap/installplan.txt;
-   then
-     echo "cabal build-cache HIT";
-     rm -rfv .ghc;
-     cp -a $HOME/.cabsnap/ghc $HOME/.ghc;
-     cp -a $HOME/.cabsnap/lib $HOME/.cabsnap/share $HOME/.cabsnap/bin $HOME/.cabal/;
-   else
-     echo "cabal build-cache MISS";
-     rm -rf $HOME/.cabsnap;
-     mkdir -p $HOME/.ghc $HOME/.cabal/lib $HOME/.cabal/share $HOME/.cabal/bin;
-     cabal install -j --only-dependencies --enable-tests --enable-benchmarks;
-   fi
+      echo 'repository head.hackage'                                                        >> ${HOME}/.cabal/config
+      echo '   url: http://head.hackage.haskell.org/'                                       >> ${HOME}/.cabal/config
+      echo '   secure: True'                                                                >> ${HOME}/.cabal/config
+      echo '   root-keys: 07c59cb65787dedfaef5bd5f987ceb5f7e5ebf88b904bbd4c5cbdeb2ff71b740' >> ${HOME}/.cabal/config
+      echo '              2e8555dde16ebd8df076f1a8ef13b8f14c66bad8eafefd7d9e37d0ed711821fb' >> ${HOME}/.cabal/config
+      echo '              8f79fd2389ab2967354407ec852cbe73f2e8635793ac446d09461ffb99527f6e' >> ${HOME}/.cabal/config
+      echo '   key-threshold: 3'                                                            >> ${HOME}/.cabal.config
 
-# snapshot package-db on cache miss
- - if [ ! -d $HOME/.cabsnap ];
-   then
-      echo "snapshotting package-db to build-cache";
-      mkdir $HOME/.cabsnap;
-      cp -a $HOME/.ghc $HOME/.cabsnap/ghc;
-      cp -a $HOME/.cabal/lib $HOME/.cabal/share $HOME/.cabal/bin installplan.txt $HOME/.cabsnap/;
-   fi
+      cabal new-update head.hackage -v
+    fi
+  - grep -Ev -- '^\s*--' ${HOME}/.cabal/config | grep -Ev '^\s*$'
+  - "printf 'packages: \".\"\\n' > cabal.project"
+  - cat cabal.project
+  - if [ -f "./configure.ac" ]; then
+      (cd "." && autoreconf -i);
+    fi
+  - rm -f cabal.project.freeze
+  - cabal new-build -w ${HC} ${TEST} ${BENCH} --project-file="cabal.project" --dep -j2 all
+  - rm -rf "."/.ghc.environment.* "."/dist
+  - DISTDIR=$(mktemp -d /tmp/dist-test.XXXX)
 
-# Here starts the actual work to be performed for the package under
-# test; any command which exits with a non-zero exit code causes the
-# build to fail.
+# Here starts the actual work to be performed for the package under test;
+# any command which exits with a non-zero exit code causes the build to fail.
 script:
- # -v2 provides useful information for debugging
- - cabal configure --enable-tests --enable-benchmarks -v2
+  # test that source-distributions can be generated
+  - (cd "." && cabal sdist)
+  - mv "."/dist/heaps-*.tar.gz ${DISTDIR}/
+  - cd ${DISTDIR} || false
+  - find . -maxdepth 1 -name '*.tar.gz' -exec tar -xvf '{}' \;
+  - "printf 'packages: heaps-*/*.cabal\\n' > cabal.project"
+  - cat cabal.project
 
- # this builds all libraries and executables
- # (including tests/benchmarks)
- - cabal build
 
- - cabal test
- - hlint src --cpp-define HLINT
+  # build & run tests, build benchmarks
+  - cabal new-build -w ${HC} ${TEST} ${BENCH} all
+  - if [ "x$TEST" = "x--enable-tests" ]; then cabal new-test -w ${HC} ${TEST} ${BENCH} all; fi
 
- # tests that a source-distribution can be generated
- - cabal sdist
+  # cabal check
+  - (cd heaps-* && cabal check)
 
- # check that the generated source-distribution can be built & installed
- - export SRC_TGZ=$(cabal info . | awk '{print $2 ".tar.gz";exit}') ;
-   cd dist/;
-   if [ -f "$SRC_TGZ" ]; then
-      cabal install --force-reinstalls "$SRC_TGZ";
-   else
-      echo "expected '$SRC_TGZ' not found";
-      exit 1;
-   fi
+  # haddock
+  - rm -rf ./dist-newstyle
+  - if $HADDOCK; then cabal new-haddock -w ${HC} ${TEST} ${BENCH} all; else echo "Skipping haddock generation";fi
 
-notifications:
-  irc:
-    channels:
-      - "irc.freenode.org#haskell-lens"
-    skip_join: true
-    template:
-      - "\x0313heaps\x03/\x0306%{branch}\x03 \x0314%{commit}\x03 %{build_url} %{message}"
+  # hlint
+  - (cd heaps-* && hlint src --cpp-define=HLINT)
 
+# REGENDATA ["-o",".travis.yml","--irc-channel=irc.freenode.org#haskell-lens","--no-no-tests-no-bench","--no-installed","cabal.project"]
 # EOF
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.markdown b/CHANGELOG.markdown
--- a/CHANGELOG.markdown
+++ b/CHANGELOG.markdown
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+0.3.6 [2018.01.18]
+------------------
+* Add `Semigroup` instance for `Heap`.
+
 0.3.5
 -----
 * Support `doctest-0.12`
diff --git a/heaps.cabal b/heaps.cabal
--- a/heaps.cabal
+++ b/heaps.cabal
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 name:           heaps
-version:        0.3.5
+version:        0.3.6
 license:        BSD3
 license-file:   LICENSE
 author:         Edward A. Kmett
@@ -11,7 +11,15 @@
 synopsis:       Asymptotically optimal Brodal/Okasaki heaps.
 description:    Asymptotically optimal Brodal\/Okasaki bootstrapped skew-binomial heaps from the paper <http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.48.973 "Optimal Purely Functional Priority Queues">, extended with a 'Foldable' interface.
 copyright:      (c) 2010-2015 Edward A. Kmett
-tested-with:    GHC == 7.4.2, GHC == 7.6.3, GHC == 7.8.4, GHC == 7.10.3, GHC == 8.0.2, GHC == 8.2.1
+tested-with:    GHC == 7.0.4
+              , GHC == 7.2.2
+              , GHC == 7.4.2
+              , GHC == 7.6.3
+              , GHC == 7.8.4
+              , GHC == 7.10.3
+              , GHC == 8.0.2
+              , GHC == 8.2.2
+              , GHC == 8.4.1
 build-type:     Custom
 cabal-version:  >=1.8
 extra-source-files:
@@ -46,7 +54,7 @@
   build-depends:
     base,
     directory >= 1.0 && < 1.4,
-    doctest >= 0.9 && < 0.13,
+    doctest >= 0.9 && < 0.14,
     filepath,
     heaps
   ghc-options: -Wall
diff --git a/src/Data/Heap.hs b/src/Data/Heap.hs
--- a/src/Data/Heap.hs
+++ b/src/Data/Heap.hs
@@ -94,6 +94,9 @@
 import qualified Data.List as L
 import Control.Applicative (Applicative(pure))
 import Control.Monad (liftM)
+#if MIN_VERSION_base(4,9,0)
+import Data.Semigroup (Semigroup(..))
+#endif
 import Data.Monoid (Monoid(mappend, mempty))
 import Data.Foldable hiding (minimum, concatMap)
 import Data.Function (on)
@@ -377,11 +380,19 @@
 sort = toList . fromList
 {-# INLINE sort #-}
 
+#if MIN_VERSION_base(4,9,0)
+instance Semigroup (Heap a) where
+  (<>) = union
+  {-# INLINE (<>) #-}
+#endif
+
 instance Monoid (Heap a) where
   mempty = empty
   {-# INLINE mempty #-}
+#if !(MIN_VERSION_base(4,11,0))
   mappend = union
   {-# INLINE mappend #-}
+#endif
 
 -- | /O(n)/. Returns the elements in the heap in some arbitrary, very likely unsorted, order.
 --
