diff --git a/COPYING.GPL b/COPYING.GPL
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+                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+                            Preamble
+
+  The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
+software and other kinds of works.
+
+  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
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+software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
+GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
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+your programs, too.
+
+  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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+  Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
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+
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+
+  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
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+
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diff --git a/COPYING.LGPL b/COPYING.LGPL
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/COPYING.LGPL
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+                   GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+
+  This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
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diff --git a/Setup.hs b/Setup.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Setup.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env runhaskell
+
+import Distribution.Simple
+main = defaultMain
+
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Base (
+  module Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Domain,
+  module Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Grammar,
+  module Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Processor,
+  module Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.ProductionRule,
+  module Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.MultiRec,
+  module Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Token
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Domain
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Grammar
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Processor
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.ProductionRule
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.MultiRec hiding (cast)
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Token
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base/Domain.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base/Domain.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base/Domain.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE EmptyDataDecls #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE GADTs #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Domain (
+    DomainMap(supIx, subIx),
+    DomainEmbedding(supPF), 
+    SubVal(MkSubVal, unSubVal),
+    IxMapId, IxMapBase, IxMapSeq, ApplyIxMap, 
+    MemoFam(toMemo, fromMemo), Memo, memoFamily,
+    FoldFam(foldFam),
+    EqFam(overrideIdx, eqIdx), overrideIdxK, 
+    ShowFam(showIdx),
+    Domain,
+    memoFamilyK, toMemoK, fromMemoK,
+    LiftFam(liftIdxE, liftIdxP)
+  ) where
+
+import Generics.MultiRec.Base
+import Generics.MultiRec.HFunctor
+
+import Language.Haskell.TH.Syntax (Exp, Pat)
+
+data IxMapId
+data IxMapBase (m :: * -> *)
+data IxMapSeq (l1 :: *) (l2 :: * -> *)
+type family ApplyIxMap (m :: *) ix
+type instance ApplyIxMap (IxMapBase m) ix = m ix
+type instance ApplyIxMap (IxMapSeq l1 l2) ix = ApplyIxMap l1 (l2 ix)
+type instance ApplyIxMap IxMapId ix = ix
+
+class MemoFam (phi :: * -> *) where
+  data Memo phi :: (* -> *) -> *
+  fromMemo :: Memo phi v -> (forall ix. phi ix -> v ix)
+  toMemo :: (forall ix. phi ix -> v ix) -> Memo phi v
+
+memoFamily :: (MemoFam phi) =>
+              (forall ix. phi ix -> v ix) -> (forall ix. phi ix -> v ix)  
+memoFamily f = fromMemo (toMemo f)
+
+memoFamilyK :: (MemoFam phi) =>
+               (forall ix. phi ix -> v) -> (forall ix. phi ix -> v)
+memoFamilyK f = fromMemoK (toMemoK f) 
+toMemoK :: (MemoFam phi) =>
+           (forall ix. phi ix -> v) -> Memo phi (K0 v)
+toMemoK f = toMemo (K0 . f)
+fromMemoK :: (MemoFam phi) =>
+             Memo phi (K0 v) -> phi ix -> v
+fromMemoK m = unK0 . fromMemo m
+
+-- | A domain 'phi' that is an instance of the 'FoldFam' type class supports 
+-- folding over all non-terminals in the domain using the 'foldFam' function.
+class FoldFam phi where
+  -- | Fold a given function over all non-terminals in the domain 'phi'.
+  foldFam :: (forall ix. phi ix -> b -> b) -> b -> b
+
+-- | A domain 'phi' that is an instance of the 'ShowFam' type class supports 
+-- conversion of non-terminal proof terms to Strings using the 'showIdx' function.
+class ShowFam phi where
+  -- | Convert a given non-terminal proof term to a String representation.
+  showIdx :: forall ix. phi ix -> String
+
+-- | A domain 'phi' that is an instance of the 'EqFam' type class supports 
+-- overriding a function over the full domain at a single non-terminal using 
+-- the |overrideIdx| function.
+class EqFam phi where
+  -- | Test equality of two given non-terminal proof terms.
+  eqIdx :: forall ix1 ix2. phi ix1 -> phi ix2 -> Bool
+  eqIdx idx1 = overrideIdxK (const False) idx1 True 
+  -- | Override a function over the full domain at a single non-terminal.
+  overrideIdx :: (forall ix'. phi ix' -> r ix') -> phi oix ->
+                 r oix -> phi ix -> r ix
+
+-- | Similar to the 'overrideIdx' function, but limited to functions whose result type is 
+-- the same for all non-terminals.
+overrideIdxK :: (EqFam phi) => (forall ix'. phi ix' -> v) -> phi oix -> v -> phi ix -> v
+overrideIdxK f idx v = unK0 . overrideIdx (K0 . f) idx (K0 v)
+
+-- | A decent Domain 'phi' should instantiate the 'FoldFam', 'ShowFam', 'EqFam' and 'MemoFam'. Avoid
+-- using this type class in constraints, use more specific type classes whenever possible.
+-- 
+-- Note: instances for this type class are not automatically derived, and you have to manually instantiate 
+-- it with an empty implementation block.
+class (FoldFam phi,
+       ShowFam phi,
+       EqFam phi,
+       MemoFam phi) => Domain phi
+
+class DomainMap phi phi' supIxT where
+  supIx :: phi' ix -> phi (supIxT ix)
+  subIx :: phi (supIxT ix) -> phi' ix
+  
+class (DomainMap phi phi' supIxT) =>
+      DomainEmbedding phi phi' supIxT where
+  supPF :: (HFunctor phi (PF phi)) =>
+           phi' ix -> phi (supIxT ix) ->
+           PF phi' (SubVal supIxT r) ix -> PF phi r (supIxT ix)
+
+-- | A generic wrapper type that restricts a semantic value family over a bigger domain
+-- to a smaller domain.
+data SubVal (supIxT :: * -> *) v ix = MkSubVal {
+       unSubVal :: v (supIxT ix)
+       } deriving (Show)
+
+class LiftFam phi where
+  liftIdxE :: phi ix -> Exp
+  liftIdxP :: phi ix -> Pat
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base/Grammar.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base/Grammar.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base/Grammar.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Grammar  where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.ProductionRule
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.MultiRec
+
+type RegularRule phi r t v =
+  forall p. (ProductionRule p, EpsProductionRule p, TokenProductionRule p t) =>
+  p v
+
+type ContextFreeRule phi r t v =
+  forall p. (ProductionRule p, EpsProductionRule p, RecProductionRule p phi r, TokenProductionRule p t) =>
+  p v
+
+type ExtendedContextFreeRule phi r t v =
+  forall p. (ProductionRule p, EpsProductionRule p, RecProductionRule p phi r, TokenProductionRule p t, LoopProductionRule p phi r) =>
+  p v
+
+type LiftableContextFreeRule phi r t v =
+  forall p. (ProductionRule p, LiftableProductionRule p, RecProductionRule p phi r, TokenProductionRule p t) =>
+  p v
+
+type ExtendedLiftableContextFreeRule phi r t v =
+  forall p. (ProductionRule p, LiftableProductionRule p, RecProductionRule p phi r, TokenProductionRule p t, LoopProductionRule p phi r) =>
+  p v
+
+type GGrammar rt phi t r rr = 
+  forall ix. phi ix -> rt phi r t (rr ix)
+type AGrammar rt phi t = forall r. GGrammar rt phi t r (PF phi r)
+type PGrammar rt phi t r = GGrammar rt phi t r r
+
+type GRegularGrammar phi t r rr = GGrammar RegularRule phi t r rr
+type GContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr = GGrammar ContextFreeRule phi t r rr
+type GLContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr = GGrammar LiftableContextFreeRule phi t r rr
+type GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr = GGrammar ExtendedContextFreeRule phi t r rr
+type GLExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr = GGrammar ExtendedLiftableContextFreeRule phi t r rr
+
+type ContextFreeGrammar phi t = AGrammar ContextFreeRule phi t
+type LContextFreeGrammar phi t = AGrammar LiftableContextFreeRule phi t
+type ExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t = AGrammar ExtendedContextFreeRule phi t
+type LExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t = AGrammar ExtendedLiftableContextFreeRule phi t
+
+type ProcessingRegularGrammar phi t r = PGrammar RegularRule phi t r
+type ProcessingContextFreeGrammar phi t r = PGrammar ContextFreeRule phi t r
+type ProcessingLContextFreeGrammar phi t r = PGrammar LiftableContextFreeRule phi t r
+type ProcessingExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r = PGrammar ExtendedContextFreeRule phi t r
+type ProcessingLExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r = PGrammar ExtendedLiftableContextFreeRule phi t r
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base/MultiRec.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base/MultiRec.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base/MultiRec.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE GADTs #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.MultiRec(
+    module Generics.MultiRec.Base,
+    module Generics.MultiRec.HFunctor,
+    IL(IL, unIL),
+    SubPF(SubPF)
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Domain
+
+import Control.Applicative
+
+import Generics.MultiRec.Base
+import Generics.MultiRec.HFunctor
+
+-- Similar to MultiRec's I type functor, but represents a list of elements
+-- of the given type instead of a single value
+data IL xi r ix = IL {
+  unIL :: [r xi]
+  }
+
+instance (El phi xi) => HFunctor phi (IL xi) where
+  hmapA = hmapAIL
+
+hmapAIL :: forall phi a r r' xi ix. (Applicative a, El phi xi) => (forall ix1. phi ix1 -> r ix1 -> a (r' ix1))
+     -> phi ix -> IL xi r ix -> a (IL xi r' ix)
+hmapAIL f _ (IL l) = 
+  let
+    as :: [a (r' xi)]
+    as = map (f proof) l
+    as' :: a [r' xi]
+    as' = foldr (liftA2 (:)) (pure []) as
+  in liftA IL as'
+
+-- SubPF allows including an embedded domain's PF instance in the PF 
+-- instance for the enclosing domain.
+
+-- unusedPhi' is unused, but is here to avoid the need for the
+-- UndecidableInstances extension in e.g. the HFunctor instance below
+data SubPF (phi :: * -> *) (phi' :: * -> *) unusedPhi' supIxT r ix where 
+  SubPF :: phi' ix -> PF phi' (SubVal supIxT r) ix -> SubPF phi phi' phi' supIxT r (supIxT ix)
+
+instance (HFunctor phi' (PF phi'), DomainEmbedding phi phi' supIxT) =>
+         HFunctor phi (SubPF phi phi' phi' supIxT) where
+  hmapA = hmapSubPF
+
+hmapSubPF :: forall phi r a r' phi' supIxT ix.
+             (Applicative a, HFunctor phi' (PF phi'), DomainEmbedding phi phi' supIxT) =>
+             (forall ix1. phi ix1 -> r ix1 -> a (r' ix1)) ->
+             phi ix ->
+             SubPF phi phi' phi' supIxT r ix ->
+             a (SubPF phi phi' phi' supIxT r' ix)
+hmapSubPF f _ (SubPF (idx :: phi' ix') pfb) = 
+  let
+    subF :: forall ix2. phi' ix2 -> SubVal supIxT r ix2 -> a (SubVal supIxT r' ix2)
+    subF idx' v = liftA MkSubVal $ f (supIx idx') $ unSubVal v
+    pfm :: a (PF phi' (SubVal supIxT r') ix')
+    pfm = hmapA subF idx pfb
+  in liftA (SubPF idx) pfm
+
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base/Processor.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base/Processor.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base/Processor.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Processor ( 
+  GProcessor,
+  Processor,
+  identityProcessor,
+  trivialProcessor,
+  applyProcessor,
+  applyProcessorL,
+  applyProcessorLE,
+  applyProcessorE
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Grammar
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Domain
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.MultiRec
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.ProductionRule
+
+import Language.Haskell.TH.Syntax (Q, Exp)
+
+type GProcessor phi r rr = forall ix. phi ix -> rr ix -> r ix
+type Processor phi r = GProcessor phi r (PF phi r)
+
+-- | A trivial identity processor that keeps current production
+-- rule results unmodified.
+identityProcessor :: GProcessor phi r r
+identityProcessor _ v = v
+
+applyProcessor' ::
+  (ProductionRule p, EpsProductionRule p) =>
+  (forall ix . phi ix -> p (r ix)) ->
+  GProcessor phi r' r -> 
+  (forall ix . phi ix -> p (r' ix))
+applyProcessor' grammar proc idx =
+  proc idx $>> grammar idx 
+
+-- | Apply a given processor to a given context-free grammar.
+applyProcessor ::
+  GContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+  GProcessor phi rr' rr ->
+  GContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr'
+applyProcessor gram proc idx = applyProcessor' gram proc idx
+
+applyProcessorL ::
+  (LiftFam phi) =>
+  GLContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+  GProcessor phi rr' rr ->
+  Q Exp -> 
+  GLContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr'
+applyProcessorL gram proc q idx = (proc idx, [| $(q) $(return $ liftIdxE idx) |]) $|>> gram idx
+
+-- | Apply a given processor to a given extended context-free
+-- grammar.
+applyProcessorE ::
+  GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+  GProcessor phi rr' rr ->
+  GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr'
+applyProcessorE gram proc idx = applyProcessor' gram proc idx
+
+-- | Apply a given processor to a given extended liftable context-free
+-- grammar.
+applyProcessorLE ::
+  (LiftFam phi) =>
+  GLExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+  GProcessor phi rr' rr ->
+  Q Exp ->
+  GLExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr'
+applyProcessorLE gram proc q idx = (proc idx, [| $(q) $(return $ liftIdxE idx) |]) $|>> gram idx
+
+-- | A trivial processor that throws everything away and returns 
+-- a value of the type K0 ().
+trivialProcessor :: Processor phi (K0 ())
+trivialProcessor _ _ = K0 ()
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base/ProductionRule.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base/ProductionRule.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base/ProductionRule.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FunctionalDependencies #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.ProductionRule where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Domain
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Token
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.MultiRec
+
+import Language.Haskell.TH.Syntax (Q, Exp, Lift, lift)
+
+infixl 1 |||
+infixl 3 >>>
+infixl 3 *>>>
+infixl 3 >>>*
+infixl 3 $>>
+infixl 3 $>>*
+
+-- | Base type class for production rule interpretations. A production rule
+-- interpretation that is an instance of the 'ProductionRule' type class supports
+-- sequencing and disjunction of rules, empty rules, dead rules and end-of-input 
+-- rules.
+class ProductionRule p where
+  -- | Sequence two rules. Result of the sequenced rule is the application
+  -- of the result of the first rule to the result of the second.
+  (>>>) :: p (a -> b) -> p a -> p b
+  -- | Disjunction of two rules.
+  (|||) :: p va -> p va -> p va
+  -- | End of input rule. Matches only at end of input, consumes nothing,
+  -- produces '()' as result.
+  endOfInput :: p ()
+  -- | Dead rule. Never matches.
+  die :: p a
+
+class (ProductionRule p) => LiftableProductionRule p where
+  -- | Epsilon rule with lifted value. Always matches, consumes nothing, produces
+  --   the given value (with its lifted version) as result.
+  epsilonL :: a -> Q Exp -> p a
+  -- | Optionally match a given rule.
+  optionally :: p v -> p (Maybe v)
+  optionally r =   epsilonL Just [|Just|] >>> r
+               ||| epsilonL Nothing [|Nothing|]
+
+epsilonLS :: (Lift v, LiftableProductionRule p) => v -> p v
+epsilonLS v = epsilonL v $ lift v
+
+class (LiftableProductionRule p) => EpsProductionRule p where
+  -- | Epsilon rule. Always matches, consumes nothing, produces
+  --   the given value as result.
+  epsilon :: a -> p a
+
+-- | Type class for production rules matching tokens of a certain
+-- token type 't'.
+-- 't' should be an instance of the 'Token' type class.
+class TokenProductionRule p t | p -> t where
+  -- | Match a given token of type 't' and produce its concrete
+  -- value (of type 'ConcreteToken' t).
+  token :: t -> p (ConcreteToken t)
+ 
+-- | Sequence two rules, but drop the result of the first.
+(*>>>) :: (ProductionRule p, LiftableProductionRule p) => p a -> p b -> p b
+a *>>> b = epsilonL (flip const) [| flip const |] >>> a >>> b
+-- | Sequence two rules, but drop the result of the second.
+(>>>*) :: (ProductionRule p, LiftableProductionRule p) => p a -> p b -> p a
+a >>>* b = epsilonL const [|const|] >>> a >>> b
+
+-- | Apply a given function to the result of a given rule.
+($>>) :: EpsProductionRule p => (a -> b) -> p a -> p b
+v $>> r = epsilon v >>> r
+-- | Replace a rule's result value with a given value.
+($>>*) :: EpsProductionRule p => a -> p b -> p a
+v $>>* r = epsilon v >>>* r
+
+-- | Apply a given function to the result of a given rule.
+($|>>) :: LiftableProductionRule p => (a -> b, Q Exp) -> p a -> p b
+(v,q) $|>> r = epsilonL v q >>> r
+-- | Replace a rule's result value with a given value.
+($|>>*) :: LiftableProductionRule p => (a, Q Exp) -> p b -> p a
+(v,q) $|>>* r = epsilonL v q >>>* r
+
+-- | Production rule interpretations supporting the 'RecProductionRule' type class support references
+-- to non-terminals in a given domain 'phi'. The type of the result values of the rules is determined
+-- by semantic value family 'r'.
+class RecProductionRule p phi r | p -> phi, p -> r where
+  -- | Reference a given non-terminal in a production rule.
+  ref :: phi ix -> p (r ix)
+
+-- | Production rule interpretations supporting the 'LoopProductionRule' 
+-- type class allow for Kleene-star quantified references to 
+-- non-terminals (zero or more, see the 'manyRef' function) as well
+-- as '+'-quantified references to non-terminals (one or more, see
+-- the 'many1Ref' function).
+--
+-- An instance can implement either manyRef or many1Ref,
+-- both or neither. Not implementing either produces 
+-- old-style many and many1 combinator behaviour (discouraged
+-- for most situations)
+class (ProductionRule p, LiftableProductionRule p, RecProductionRule p phi r) =>
+      LoopProductionRule p phi r | p -> phi, p -> r where
+  -- | Match a given non-terminal zero or more times.
+  manyRef :: phi ix -> p [r ix]
+  manyRef idx = epsilonL [] [| [] |] ||| many1Ref idx
+  -- | Match a given non-terminal one or more times.
+  many1Ref :: phi ix -> p [r ix] 
+  many1Ref idx = ((:), [| (:) |]) $|>> ref idx >>> manyRef idx
+
+-- | The 'SuperProductionRule| type class is in an experimental state, and 
+-- currently not intended for general use.
+class SuperProductionRule p where
+  subref :: (DomainEmbedding phi phi' supIxT,
+             HFunctor phi (PF phi),
+             ProductionRule (p phi ixT r t),
+             ProductionRule (p phi' (IxMapSeq ixT supIxT) (SubVal supIxT r) t)) =>
+            (forall ix'. phi' ix' -> p phi' (IxMapSeq ixT supIxT) (SubVal supIxT r) t (PF phi' (SubVal supIxT r) ix')) ->
+            phi' ix -> phi (supIxT ix) ->
+            p phi ixT r t (PF phi r (supIxT ix))
+
+-- | Match any token in a given range of tokens.
+tokenRange :: forall p t . (ProductionRule p, TokenProductionRule p t) => [t] -> p (ConcreteToken t)
+tokenRange [] = error "empty range"
+tokenRange [c] = token c
+tokenRange (c : r) = token c ||| tokenRange r
+
+-- | Consecutively match a given list of tokens and return their concrete token values as a list.
+string :: forall p t . (ProductionRule p, LiftableProductionRule p, TokenProductionRule p t) => [t] -> p [ConcreteToken t]
+string = foldr ((>>>) . (((:),[|(:)|]) $|>>) . token) (epsilonL [] [|[]|])
+
+-- | An old style 'many' combinator. Produces an infinite rule similar to Parsec's many rule. 
+-- Prefer to use the 'manyRef' function whenever possible.
+manyInf :: (ProductionRule p, LiftableProductionRule p) => p a -> p [a]
+manyInf r =     epsilonL (:) [|(:)|] >>> r >>> manyInf r
+            ||| epsilonL [] [|[]|]
+
+
+-- | An old style 'many' combinator. Produces an infinite rule similar to Parsec's many rule. 
+-- Prefer to use the 'manyRef' function whenever possible.
+many1Inf :: (ProductionRule p, LiftableProductionRule p) => p a -> p [a]
+many1Inf r = epsilonL (:) [|(:)|] >>> r >>> manyInf r
+
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base/Token.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base/Token.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Base/Token.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Token where
+
+import Language.Haskell.TH.Syntax (Lift)
+
+import Data.Enumerable
+
+-- | The 'Token' class identifies a type that can be used as terminal
+-- identifier in a grammar definition. The type 't' itself is an
+-- abstract identifier, identifying a certain type of terminals, but
+-- any value of type 't' can correspond to a possibly infinite numer
+-- of values of type 'ConcreteToken t'. For example, if you use a lexer
+-- in a simple arithmetic expressions grammar, your lexer would typically
+-- return values like 'PLUS', 'MINUS', but also 'INTEGER 42' when a
+-- number is lexed. In this case, a separate Token type t would be defined,
+-- such that a value 'INTEGER_T' of the 'Token' type t could
+-- correspond to all values of the form 'INTEGER n' (for n an Integer)
+-- of type 'ConcreteToken t'. A production rule defined as 
+-- 'token' INTEGER_T would then produce result values of type 
+-- 'ConcreteToken' t (e.g. INTEGER 42).
+-- 
+-- The requirements on 'Token' types are relatively strict, but this is
+-- necessary to make it usable in table-based parser algorithms.
+-- We reference the 'Lift' class to allow for compile-time
+-- precalculation of tables using Template Haskell (See the LL1 and 
+-- RealLL1 parsers).
+-- 
+-- Note that in some cases it is inefficient to use Char directly as 
+-- token type, because of the big amount of tokens. For example when using
+-- 'transformLeftCorner', the new domain will contain O(n*t + n^2)
+-- non-terminals where n is the amount of non-terminals and t is th 
+-- number of tokens, so when using this transformation, it is beneficial to
+-- use a token type with less token values than 'Char', at
+-- least if you will use algorithms that fold over the full new grammar's domain 
+-- (e.g. 'printGrammar' does, 'printReachableGrammar' doesn't).
+class (Show (ConcreteToken t), Eq (ConcreteToken t), Eq t,
+       Show t, Ord t, Lift t, Enumerable t) =>
+      Token t where
+  type ConcreteToken t
+  -- | The 'classify' function classifies a given 'ConcreteToken' t into
+  -- the value of type t it is represented by. 
+  classify :: ConcreteToken t -> t
+  -- | The 'enumConcreteTokens' function returns a (possibly infinite)
+  -- list of all concrete tokens of type 'ConcreteToken t' 
+  -- corresponding to a given token of 'Token' type t
+  enumConcreteTokens :: t -> [ConcreteToken t]
+  
+instance Token Char where
+  type ConcreteToken Char = Char
+  classify = id
+  enumConcreteTokens c = [c]
+
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/LL1.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/LL1.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/LL1.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE NoMonomorphismRestriction #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE GADTs #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Parser.LL1 ( 
+  LL1Table(LL1Table),
+  calcLL1Table,
+  parseLL1
+  ) where
+
+import Data.Set (Set, union, singleton)
+import qualified Data.Set as Set
+import Data.Map (Map)
+import qualified Data.Map as Map
+import Data.Maybe
+
+import Control.Monad
+import Control.Monad.State
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Parser.TopDown
+
+data FirstSet t = 
+  FS {
+    firstSet :: Set t,
+    canBeEmpty :: Bool, 
+    canBeEOI :: Bool
+    } 
+
+type FirstSetGrammar phi t = forall ix. phi ix -> [FirstSet t]
+
+newtype (Domain phi, Token t) => FSCalculator phi ixT (r :: * -> *) t v = MkFSCalculator {
+  calcFS :: FirstSetGrammar phi t -> [FirstSet t]
+  }
+type FirstSetGrammarRec phi ixT r t rr = forall ix. phi ix -> FSCalculator phi ixT r t (rr ix)
+
+unionL :: (Ord a) => [Set a] -> Set a
+unionL = foldr Set.union Set.empty
+                                             
+instance (Domain phi, Token t) => ProductionRule (FSCalculator phi ixT r t) where
+  a >>> b = MkFSCalculator $ \g ->
+      do FS fsa ea fa <- calcFS a g
+         FS fsb eb fb <- calcFS b g
+         return $ FS (if ea then fsa `union` fsb else fsa) (ea && eb) (fa || (ea && fb))
+  a ||| b = MkFSCalculator disjFS where
+    disjFS :: FirstSetGrammar phi t -> [FirstSet t]
+    disjFS g = calcFS a g ++ calcFS b g
+  die = MkFSCalculator $ \_ -> [FS Set.empty False False]
+  endOfInput = MkFSCalculator $ \_ -> [FS Set.empty False True] 
+
+instance (Domain phi, Token t) => EpsProductionRule (FSCalculator phi ixT r t) where
+  epsilon _ = MkFSCalculator $ \_ -> [FS Set.empty True False]
+
+instance (Domain phi, Token t) => LiftableProductionRule (FSCalculator phi ixT r t) where
+  epsilonL v _ = epsilon v
+
+instance (Token t, Domain phi) => TokenProductionRule (FSCalculator phi ixT r t) t where
+  token c = MkFSCalculator $ \_ -> [FS (singleton c) False False]
+instance (Domain phi, Token t) => RecProductionRule (FSCalculator phi ixT r t) phi r where
+  ref idx = MkFSCalculator $ \g -> [FS (unionL $ map firstSet $ g idx) (any canBeEmpty $ g idx) (any canBeEOI $ g idx)]
+
+fixFSGrammar :: (Domain phi, Token t) => FirstSetGrammarRec phi ixT r t rr -> FirstSetGrammar phi t
+fixFSGrammar g idx = calcFS (g idx) $ fixFSGrammar g
+
+data (Token t) => LL1Table phi t = LL1Table {
+  ruleForTokenTable :: Memo phi (K0 (Map t Int)),
+  ruleForEOITable :: Memo phi (K0 (Maybe Int)),
+  ruleForEmptyTable :: Memo phi (K0 (Maybe Int))
+  }
+                                   
+calcLL1Table :: forall phi r t rr. (Token t, Domain phi) =>
+                GContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr -> LL1Table phi t
+calcLL1Table grammar = 
+  let
+    g :: FirstSetGrammar phi t
+    g = fixFSGrammar grammar
+    fss :: forall ix. phi ix -> [Set t]
+    fss = map firstSet . g
+    n :: forall ix. phi ix -> Int
+    n = length . fss
+    ttableContents :: forall ix. phi ix -> [(t,Int)]
+    ttableContents idx = do (fs,i) <- zip (fss idx) [0..n idx-1]
+                            c <- Set.toList fs
+                            return (c,i)
+    rftTable :: forall ix. phi ix -> Map t Int
+    rftTable idx = Map.fromListWith notLL1Error $ ttableContents idx
+    cbe :: forall ix. phi ix -> [Bool]
+    cbe = map canBeEOI . g
+    etableContents :: forall ix. phi ix -> [Int]
+    etableContents idx = do (True, i) <- zip (cbe idx) [0..n idx-1]
+                            return i
+    rfeTable :: forall ix. phi ix -> Maybe Int
+    rfeTable = listToMaybe . etableContents 
+    rfnTable :: forall ix. phi ix -> Maybe Int
+    rfnTable = listToMaybe . ntableContents 
+    cbn :: forall ix. phi ix -> [Bool]
+    cbn = map canBeEmpty . g
+    ntableContents :: forall ix. phi ix -> [Int]
+    ntableContents idx = do (True, i) <- zip (cbn idx) [0..n idx-1]
+                            return i
+    notLL1Error = error "Not LL1"
+  in LL1Table (toMemoK rftTable) (toMemoK rfeTable) (toMemoK rfnTable)
+
+newtype LLRule phi ixT r t v = MkLLRule {
+  llRuleAlts :: [NonBranchingRule phi r t v]
+  }
+
+instance Functor (LLRule phi ixT r t) where
+  fmap f (MkLLRule rules) = MkLLRule [fmap f rule | rule <- rules]
+instance ProductionRule (LLRule phi ixT r t) where
+  (MkLLRule rulesa) >>> (MkLLRule rulesb) =
+    let
+      seqrule = liftM2 ($) 
+    in MkLLRule [seqrule rulea ruleb | rulea <- rulesa, ruleb <- rulesb]
+  (MkLLRule rulesa) ||| (MkLLRule rulesb) =
+    MkLLRule $ rulesa ++ rulesb
+  die = MkLLRule []
+  endOfInput = MkLLRule [nbrEndOfInput]
+  
+instance EpsProductionRule (LLRule phi ixT r t) where
+  epsilon v = MkLLRule [return v]
+
+instance LiftableProductionRule (LLRule phi ixT r t) where
+  epsilonL v _ = MkLLRule [return v]
+
+instance (Token t) => TokenProductionRule (LLRule phi ixT r t) t where
+  token t =
+    let
+      rule = do (c:r) <- MkNBR $ \_ -> get
+                if classify c == t 
+                  then do MkNBR $ \_ -> put r
+                          return c
+                  else fail $ errWrongToken c
+      errWrongToken c =  show c ++ " read when " ++ show t ++ " expected."
+    in MkLLRule [rule]
+  
+instance RecProductionRule (LLRule phi ixT r t) phi r where
+  ref idx = MkLLRule [MkNBR $ \g -> get >>= \s -> unNBR (g idx s) g]
+
+newtype WrapNonBranchingRuleList phi r t ix = WrapNBRL {
+  unWrapNBRL :: [NonBranchingRule phi r t (r ix)]
+  }
+
+ll1Disambiguate :: forall phi r t. (Domain phi, Token t) =>
+                   ProcessingContextFreeGrammar phi t r ->
+                   LL1Table phi t ->
+                   UnambiguousTopDownGrammar phi r t
+ll1Disambiguate gram table =
+  let
+    tableidx :: phi ix -> K0 (Map t Int) ix
+    tableidx = fromMemo (ruleForTokenTable table)
+    ttable :: phi ix -> Map t Int
+    ttable idx = unK0 $ tableidx idx
+    eoitable :: phi ix -> Maybe Int
+    eoitable idx = unK0 $ fromMemo (ruleForEOITable table) idx
+    emptytable :: phi ix -> Maybe Int
+    emptytable idx = unK0 $ fromMemo (ruleForEmptyTable table) idx
+    tidx :: phi ix -> ConcreteToken t -> Int
+    tidx idx c = fromMaybe (emptyidx idx) $ Map.lookup (classify c) $ ttable idx
+    eoiidx :: phi ix -> Int
+    eoiidx idx = fromMaybe (emptyidx idx) $ eoitable idx
+    emptyidx :: phi ix -> Int
+    emptyidx idx = fromJust $ emptytable idx
+    candidateRules :: phi ix -> [NonBranchingRule phi r t (r ix)]
+    candidateRules idx = llRuleAlts $ gram idx
+    memoCR :: phi ix -> [NonBranchingRule phi r t (r ix)]
+    memoCR = unWrapNBRL . memoFamily (WrapNBRL . candidateRules)
+    ruleForString :: phi ix -> [ConcreteToken t] -> NonBranchingRule phi r t (r ix)
+    ruleForString idx (c:_) = memoCR idx !! tidx idx c
+    ruleForString idx [] = memoCR idx !! eoiidx idx 
+  in ruleForString
+
+parseLL1 :: forall phi ixT r t ix. (Domain phi, Token t, ProductionRule (LLRule phi ixT r t)) =>
+            ProcessingContextFreeGrammar phi t r ->
+            LL1Table phi t -> phi ix -> [ConcreteToken t] -> Maybe (r ix)
+parseLL1 gram table =
+  let
+    unambGram :: UnambiguousTopDownGrammar phi r t
+    unambGram = ll1Disambiguate gram table
+  in parseTopDown unambGram
+   
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/LL1TH.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/LL1TH.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/LL1TH.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RelaxedPolyRec #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Parser.LL1TH (
+  prepareLL1TableTH
+  ) where  
+
+import Language.Haskell.TH.Syntax
+
+import Data.Map
+  
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Parser.LL1
+
+instance (Lift k, Lift a) => Lift (Map k a) where
+  lift v = [| fromAscList $(lift $ toAscList v)|]
+
+prepareLL1TableTH :: (Domain phi,
+                      Token t,
+                      Lift (Memo phi (K0 (Map t Int))),
+                      Lift (Memo phi (K0 (Maybe Int)))
+                      ) =>
+                     GContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr -> Q Exp
+prepareLL1TableTH grammar = liftLL1Table $ calcLL1Table grammar
+
+liftLL1Table :: (MemoFam phi,
+                 Token t,
+                 Lift (Memo phi (K0 (Map t Int))),
+                 Lift (Memo phi (K0 (Maybe Int)))) =>
+                LL1Table phi t -> Q Exp 
+liftLL1Table (LL1Table a b c) = [| LL1Table $(lift a) $(lift b) $(lift c)|]
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/Packrat.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/Packrat.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/Packrat.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE EmptyDataDecls #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TypeOperators #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE GADTs #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE NoMonomorphismRestriction #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Parser.Packrat (
+  Result (Parsed, NoParse),
+  Derivs,
+  parsePackrat
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+  
+data Result phi r t v = Parsed v (Derivs phi r t) |
+                        NoParse
+instance (Show v) => Show (Result phi r t v) where
+  show (Parsed v _) = "Parsed " ++ show v ++ " _"
+  show NoParse = "NoParse"
+
+instance Functor (Result phi r t) where
+  fmap f (Parsed v d) = Parsed (f v) d
+  fmap _ NoParse = NoParse
+
+data PRPrimTokenIx
+data PREndOfInputIx
+data PRBaseIx ix
+
+data PackratDomain phi ix where 
+  PackratDomainBase :: phi ix -> PackratDomain phi (PRBaseIx ix)
+  PackratDomainPrimToken :: PackratDomain phi PRPrimTokenIx
+  PackratDomainEndOfInput :: PackratDomain phi PREndOfInputIx
+ 
+instance DomainMap (PackratDomain phi) phi PRBaseIx where
+  supIx = PackratDomainBase
+  subIx (PackratDomainBase idx) = idx
+
+instance (MemoFam phi) => MemoFam (PackratDomain phi) where
+  data Memo (PackratDomain phi) v = PRMemo (v PRPrimTokenIx, v PREndOfInputIx, Memo phi (SubVal PRBaseIx v))
+  toMemo f = PRMemo (f PackratDomainPrimToken, f PackratDomainEndOfInput, toMemo $ \idx -> MkSubVal $ f $ PackratDomainBase idx)
+  fromMemo (PRMemo (_, _, bm)) (PackratDomainBase idx) = unSubVal $ fromMemo bm idx
+  fromMemo (PRMemo (v, _, _)) (PackratDomainPrimToken) = v
+  fromMemo (PRMemo (_, v, _)) (PackratDomainEndOfInput) = v
+
+data PackratValue phi t r ix where
+  PRPrimTokenValue :: ConcreteToken t -> PackratValue phi t r PRPrimTokenIx
+  PREndOfInputValue :: PackratValue phi t r PREndOfInputIx
+  PRBaseValue :: r ix -> PackratValue phi t r (PRBaseIx ix)
+
+unPRPrimTokenValue :: PackratValue phi t r PRPrimTokenIx -> ConcreteToken t
+unPRPrimTokenValue (PRPrimTokenValue c) = c
+
+newtype PRResult phi r t ix = PRResult {
+  unPRResult :: Result phi r t (PackratValue phi t r ix)
+  }
+
+newtype Derivs phi r t = Derivs {
+  unDerivs :: forall ix. PackratDomain phi ix -> PRResult phi r t ix
+  }
+
+buildDerivs :: forall phi r t. (Token t, MemoFam phi) => (forall ix. PackratDomain phi ix -> PRResult phi r t ix) -> Derivs phi r t
+buildDerivs f = Derivs memoizedF where
+  memoizedF :: forall ix. PackratDomain phi ix -> PRResult phi r t ix
+  memoizedF = memoFamily f
+
+type InternalPRRule phi r t v = Derivs phi r t -> Result phi r t v
+type InternalGrammar phi r t = forall ix. phi ix -> InternalPRRule phi r t (r ix)
+data PackratRule phitop rtop phi ixT r t v =
+  PackratRule {
+    runParse :: InternalGrammar phitop rtop t ->
+                (forall ix. phi ix -> rtop (ApplyIxMap ixT ix) -> r ix) -> 
+                (forall ix. phi ix -> phitop (ApplyIxMap ixT ix)) ->
+                InternalPRRule phitop rtop t v
+    }
+type PackratGrammar phitop rtop phi ixT rr r t = forall ix. phi ix -> PackratRule phitop rtop phi ixT rr t (r ix)
+
+instance ProductionRule (PackratRule phitop rtop phi ixT r t) where
+  a >>> b = PackratRule $ \g rd si d0 -> 
+    case runParse a g rd si d0 of 
+      Parsed f d1 -> case runParse b g rd si d1 of
+        Parsed x d2 -> Parsed (f x) d2
+        _ -> NoParse
+      _ -> NoParse
+  -- TODO : parameterise disambiguation (keeping only 1st match or all)?
+  a ||| b = PackratRule $ \g rd si d ->
+    case runParse a g rd si d of
+      Parsed v1 d1 -> Parsed v1 d1
+      _ -> case runParse b g rd si d of
+        Parsed v2 d2 -> Parsed v2 d2
+        _ -> NoParse
+  die = PackratRule $ \_ _ _ _ -> NoParse
+  endOfInput = PackratRule $ \_ _ _ d -> 
+    case unPRResult $ unDerivs d PackratDomainEndOfInput of
+      Parsed _ d' -> Parsed () d'
+      _ -> NoParse
+
+instance EpsProductionRule (PackratRule phitop rtop phi ixT r t) where
+  epsilon v = PackratRule $ \_ _ _ -> Parsed v
+
+instance LiftableProductionRule (PackratRule phitop rtop phi ixT r t) where
+  epsilonL v _ = epsilon v
+
+instance (Token t) => TokenProductionRule (PackratRule phitop rtop phi ixT r t) t where
+  token c = PackratRule $ \_ _ _ d -> 
+    case unPRResult$ unDerivs d PackratDomainPrimToken of
+      Parsed v' d' | classify (unPRPrimTokenValue v') == c -> Parsed (unPRPrimTokenValue v') d'
+      _ -> NoParse
+
+instance RecProductionRule (PackratRule phitop rtop phi ixT r t) phi r where
+  ref (idx :: phi ix) =
+    PackratRule $ \grammar rd si d ->
+      fmap (rd idx) $ grammar (si idx) d
+      
+
+toInternalGrammar :: PackratGrammar phi r phi IxMapId r r t -> InternalGrammar phi r t
+toInternalGrammar g idx =
+    runParse (g idx) (toInternalGrammar g) (\_ -> id) id
+
+parsePackratAll :: forall phi r t. (Token t, MemoFam phi) => InternalGrammar phi r t -> [ConcreteToken t] -> Derivs phi r t
+parsePackratAll grammar s =
+  let
+    derivs :: forall ix. PackratDomain phi ix -> PRResult phi r t ix
+    derivs (PackratDomainPrimToken) = case s of 
+      (c:s') -> PRResult $ Parsed (PRPrimTokenValue c) (parsePackratAll grammar s')
+      _ -> PRResult NoParse
+    derivs (PackratDomainBase ruleId) = PRResult $ fmap PRBaseValue $ grammar ruleId (buildDerivs derivs)
+    derivs (PackratDomainEndOfInput) = case s of 
+      [] -> PRResult $ Parsed PREndOfInputValue $ Derivs $ const $ PRResult NoParse
+      _ -> PRResult NoParse
+  in buildDerivs derivs
+
+instance SuperProductionRule (PackratRule phitop rtop) where
+  subref = prSubRef
+
+prSubRef :: forall phitop phi phi' rtop r ixT t ix supIxT . (DomainEmbedding phi phi' supIxT, HFunctor phi (PF phi)) =>
+            (forall ix'. phi' ix' -> PackratRule phitop rtop phi' (IxMapSeq ixT supIxT) (SubVal supIxT r) t (PF phi' (SubVal supIxT r) ix')) ->
+            phi' ix -> phi (supIxT ix) -> 
+            PackratRule phitop rtop phi ixT r t (PF phi r (supIxT ix))
+prSubRef subgram idxb idx = PackratRule $ \outgram rd supIxTop ->
+  let 
+    subrule :: PackratRule phitop rtop phi' (IxMapSeq ixT supIxT) (SubVal supIxT r) t (PF phi' (SubVal supIxT r) ix)
+    subrule = subgram idxb
+    rd' :: forall ix' . phi' ix' -> rtop (ApplyIxMap ixT (supIxT ix')) -> SubVal supIxT r ix'
+    rd' idx' v = MkSubVal $ rd (supIx idx') v
+    supIx' :: forall ix' . phi' ix' -> phitop (ApplyIxMap ixT (supIxT ix'))
+    supIx' idx' = supIxTop (supIx idx' :: phi (supIxT ix'))
+    oprrule :: InternalPRRule phitop rtop t (PF phi' (SubVal supIxT r) ix)
+    oprrule = runParse subrule outgram rd' supIx'
+    nprrule :: InternalPRRule phitop rtop t (PF phi r (supIxT ix))
+    nprrule = fmap (supPF idxb idx) . oprrule 
+  in nprrule 
+
+instance LoopProductionRule (PackratRule phitop rtop phi ixT r t) phi r where
+  manyRef = manyInf . ref
+
+-- | Parse a given string according to a given grammar, starting from a given start non-terminal,
+-- with a backtracking Packrat parser algorithm (like backtracking recursive descent, but with 
+-- linear performance in the length of the input).
+parsePackrat :: forall phi r ix t. (Token t, MemoFam phi) =>
+                ProcessingContextFreeGrammar phi t r ->
+                phi ix -> [ConcreteToken t] -> Result phi r t (r ix)
+parsePackrat usergram ruleId s = 
+  let 
+    grammar :: forall ix'. phi ix' -> Derivs phi r t -> Result phi r t (r ix')
+    grammar = toInternalGrammar usergram
+    result :: Result phi r t (PackratValue phi t r (PRBaseIx ix))
+    result = unPRResult $ unDerivs (parsePackratAll grammar s) (PackratDomainBase ruleId) 
+  in case result of
+    Parsed (PRBaseValue v) d -> Parsed v d
+    _ -> NoParse
+
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/Parsec.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/Parsec.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/Parsec.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+
+-- | Compatibility component for the Parsec library.
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Parser.Parsec (
+  parseParsec
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.UnfoldRecursion
+
+import Text.Parsec
+import Text.Parsec.Pos
+import qualified Text.Parsec as Parsec
+--import Text.ParserCombinators.Parsec.Prim
+
+newtype WrapGenParser t v = WGP { unWGP :: Parsec [ConcreteToken t] () v }
+
+instance (Token t) => ProductionRule (WrapGenParser t) where
+  a >>> b = WGP $ do f <- unWGP a; x <- unWGP b; return $ f x
+  a ||| b = WGP $ try (unWGP a) <|> unWGP b
+  endOfInput = WGP eof
+  die = WGP parserZero
+
+instance (Token t) => EpsProductionRule (WrapGenParser t) where
+  epsilon v = WGP $ return v
+
+instance (Token t) => LiftableProductionRule (WrapGenParser t) where
+  epsilonL v _ = epsilon v
+
+instance (Token t) => TokenProductionRule (WrapGenParser t) t where
+  token tt = WGP $ tokenPrim show nextPos testToken
+    where
+      testToken t        = if classify t == tt then Just t else Nothing
+      nextPos p _ _  = newPos (sourceName p) (sourceLine p) (sourceColumn p+1)
+
+-- | Parse a given string according to a given grammar, starting from a given start
+--   non-terminal, using the Parsec parser library. Currently uses backtracking for
+--   every branch.
+--  
+--   It is probably possible to automatically approximate 
+--   branches where backtracking is required, which would be neat and really go beyond
+--   what is currently possible in Parsec. Help welcome!
+parseParsec :: forall phi t r ix.
+               (Token t) =>
+               ProcessingContextFreeGrammar phi t r ->
+               phi ix -> SourceName -> [ConcreteToken t] -> Either ParseError (r ix)
+parseParsec gram idx = 
+  let irule :: WrapGenParser t (r ix)
+      irule = unfoldRecursion gram idx
+      parser = unWGP irule
+  in Parsec.parse parser
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/RealLL1.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/RealLL1.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/RealLL1.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE NoMonomorphismRestriction #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE GADTs #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+
+-- | This is an experiment, do not use.
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Parser.RealLL1 (
+  FirstSet(FS,firstTokens,canBeEmpty,canBeEOI),
+  BranchSelectorMemo(DefaultBranchSelectorMemo,SplitBranchSelectorMemoL, FlipBS),
+  RealLL1Table (MkRealLL1Table),
+  parseRealLL1, 
+  prepareLL1Parser,
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+
+import Control.Monad.Maybe
+import Control.Monad.State
+
+import Data.Set 
+import qualified Data.Set as Set
+
+data (Token t) => FirstSet t = 
+  FS {
+    firstTokens :: Set t,
+    canBeEmpty :: Bool, 
+    canBeEOI :: Bool
+    } deriving (Show)
+
+data BranchSelector t = MkBS { 
+  selectBranch :: forall a. [ConcreteToken t] -> a -> a -> (a, BranchSelector t)
+  }
+
+defaultBranchSelector :: BranchSelector t
+defaultBranchSelector = 
+  MkBS (error "defaultBranchSelector selecting branch???")
+
+data BranchSelectorMemo t =
+    DefaultBranchSelectorMemo
+  | SplitBranchSelectorMemoL (FirstSet t) (BranchSelectorMemo t) (BranchSelectorMemo t)
+  | FlipBS (BranchSelectorMemo t)
+
+unBranchSelectorMemo :: (Token t) => BranchSelectorMemo t -> BranchSelector t
+unBranchSelectorMemo DefaultBranchSelectorMemo = defaultBranchSelector
+unBranchSelectorMemo (SplitBranchSelectorMemoL fs bsm1 bsm2) = 
+  let bs1 = unBranchSelectorMemo bsm1
+      bs2 = unBranchSelectorMemo bsm2
+      selBranch fts _ (t:_) b1 b2 = if classify t `member` fts then (b1,bs1) else (b2,bs2)
+      selBranch _ f [] b1 b2 = if f then (b1,bs1) else (b2,bs2)
+  in MkBS $ selBranch (firstTokens fs) (canBeEOI fs)
+unBranchSelectorMemo (FlipBS bsm) =
+  let bs = unBranchSelectorMemo bsm
+  in MkBS $ \s b1 b2 -> selectBranch bs s b2 b1
+
+data BranchData t = MkBD {
+  branchSelector :: BranchSelectorMemo t,
+  seqBS :: BranchSelectorMemo t -> BranchSelectorMemo t,
+  firstSet :: FirstSet t
+  }
+
+type BranchSelectorGrammar phi t = forall ix. phi ix -> BranchData t
+
+newtype (Domain phi, Token t) => BranchSelectorComputer phi (r :: * -> *) t v = MkBSC {
+  branchData :: BranchSelectorGrammar phi t -> BranchData t
+  }
+
+type BSCGrammar phi r t rr = forall ix. phi ix -> BranchSelectorComputer phi r t (rr ix)
+
+instance (Domain phi, Token t) => ProductionRule (BranchSelectorComputer phi r t) where
+  a >>> b = MkBSC $ \g -> 
+    let 
+      bs = seqBS (branchData a g) (branchSelector (branchData b g))
+      (FS fsa ea fa) = firstSet $ branchData a g
+      (FS fsb eb fb) = firstSet $ branchData b g
+      fs = FS (if ea then fsa `union` fsb else fsa) (ea && eb) (fa || (ea && fb))
+      nseqbs = seqBS (branchData a g) . seqBS (branchData b g)
+    in MkBD bs nseqbs fs
+  a ||| b = MkBSC $ \g ->
+    let
+      fsa = firstSet $ branchData a g
+      fsb = firstSet $ branchData b g
+      (FS ftsa ea fa) = fsa
+      (FS ftsb eb fb) = fsb
+      fs = FS (ftsa `union` ftsb) (ea || eb) (fa || fb)
+      bsa = branchSelector $ branchData a g
+      bsb = branchSelector $ branchData b g
+      sb bsa' bsb' = if not ea
+           then SplitBranchSelectorMemoL fsa bsa' bsb'
+           else FlipBS $ SplitBranchSelectorMemoL fsb bsb' bsa'
+      seqbs rbs = sb (seqBS (branchData a g) rbs) (seqBS (branchData a g) rbs)
+    in MkBD (sb bsa bsb) seqbs fs
+  die = MkBSC $ \_ -> MkBD DefaultBranchSelectorMemo id $ FS Set.empty False False
+  endOfInput = MkBSC $ \_ -> MkBD DefaultBranchSelectorMemo id $ FS Set.empty False True
+
+instance (Domain phi, Token t) => LiftableProductionRule (BranchSelectorComputer phi r t) where
+  epsilonL v _ = epsilon v
+
+instance (Domain phi, Token t) => EpsProductionRule (BranchSelectorComputer phi r t) where
+  epsilon _ = MkBSC $ \_ -> MkBD DefaultBranchSelectorMemo id $ FS Set.empty True False
+
+instance (Token t, Domain phi) => TokenProductionRule (BranchSelectorComputer phi r t) t where
+  token tt = MkBSC $ \_ -> 
+    MkBD DefaultBranchSelectorMemo id $ FS (singleton tt) False False
+
+instance (Token t, Domain phi) => RecProductionRule (BranchSelectorComputer phi r t) phi r where
+  ref idx = MkBSC $ \g ->
+    MkBD DefaultBranchSelectorMemo id $ firstSet $ g idx
+
+instance (Token t, Domain phi) => LoopProductionRule (BranchSelectorComputer phi r t) phi r where
+  manyRef idx = MkBSC $ \g ->
+    let
+      singleFS = firstSet $ g idx
+      multFS = FS (firstTokens singleFS) True (canBeEOI singleFS)
+    in MkBD DefaultBranchSelectorMemo id multFS 
+
+fixBSC :: (Domain phi, Token t) => BSCGrammar phi r t rr -> BranchSelectorGrammar phi t
+fixBSC gram idx = branchData (gram idx) (fixBSC gram)
+
+data RealLL1Rule phi ixT r t v = MkRealLL1Rule {
+  runLL1Rule :: BranchSelector t ->
+                (forall ix. phi ix -> BranchSelector t) ->
+                (forall ix. phi ix -> RealLL1Rule phi ixT r t (r ix)) ->
+                MaybeT (State [ConcreteToken t]) v
+  } 
+
+type RealLL1Grammar phi ixT rr r t = (Domain phi, Token t) => phi ix -> RealLL1Rule phi ixT r t (rr ix)
+
+instance ProductionRule (RealLL1Rule phi ixT r t) where
+  a >>> b = MkRealLL1Rule $ \cs selg g -> do f <- runLL1Rule a cs selg g
+                                             x <- runLL1Rule b cs selg g
+                                             return $ f x
+  a ||| b = MkRealLL1Rule $ \cs selg g ->
+    do s <- get
+       let (r,ns) = selectBranch cs s a b
+       runLL1Rule r ns selg g
+  die = MkRealLL1Rule $ \_ _ _ -> fail "die"
+  endOfInput = MkRealLL1Rule $ \_ _ _ -> do [] <- get; return ()
+  
+instance LiftableProductionRule (RealLL1Rule phi ixT r t) where
+  epsilonL v _ = epsilon v
+
+instance EpsProductionRule (RealLL1Rule phi ixT r t) where
+  epsilon v = MkRealLL1Rule $ \_ _ _ -> return v
+
+instance (Token t) => TokenProductionRule (RealLL1Rule phi ixT r t) t where
+  token tt = MkRealLL1Rule $ \_ _ _ ->
+    let 
+      errWrongToken c = show c ++ " read when " ++ show tt ++ " expected."
+    in do (c:r) <- get
+          if classify c == tt
+            then put r >> return c
+            else fail $ errWrongToken c
+
+instance RecProductionRule (RealLL1Rule phi ixT r t) phi r where
+  ref idx = MkRealLL1Rule $ \_ selg g ->
+    runLL1Rule (g idx) (selg idx) selg g
+
+newtype RealLL1Table phi t = MkRealLL1Table { 
+  unRealLL1Table :: Memo phi (K0 (BranchSelectorMemo t))
+  }
+
+prepareLL1Parser :: (Domain phi, Token t) => BSCGrammar phi r t rr -> RealLL1Table phi t
+prepareLL1Parser gram = MkRealLL1Table $ toMemoK $ branchSelector . fixBSC gram
+
+parseRealLL1 :: (Domain phi, Token t) => RealLL1Grammar phi ixT r r t -> RealLL1Table phi t ->
+                phi ix -> [ConcreteToken t] -> Maybe (r ix)
+parseRealLL1 gram selgmemo idx s =
+  let
+    selg = unBranchSelectorMemo . fromMemoK (unRealLL1Table selgmemo)
+    m = runLL1Rule (gram idx) (selg idx) selg gram
+  in evalState (runMaybeT m) s
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/RecursiveDescent.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/RecursiveDescent.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/RecursiveDescent.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE NoMonomorphismRestriction #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Parser.RecursiveDescent (
+  parseRecDec
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.UnfoldRecursion
+
+import Control.Monad.State
+import Control.Monad.Maybe
+
+import Data.Maybe
+
+newtype RecDecRule t v = RecDecRule { runRD :: MaybeT (State [ConcreteToken t]) v } deriving (Monad)
+
+instance MonadPlus (RecDecRule t) where
+  mzero = RecDecRule $ fail "mzero"
+  ma `mplus` mb =
+    RecDecRule $ MaybeT $ do olds <- get
+                             result <- runMaybeT $ runRD ma 
+                             if isNothing result
+                               then put olds >> runMaybeT (runRD mb)
+                               else return result 
+
+instance ProductionRule (RecDecRule t) where
+  (>>>) = liftM2 ($) 
+  (|||) = mplus
+  die = mzero
+  endOfInput = RecDecRule $ do [] <- get; return ()
+  
+instance EpsProductionRule (RecDecRule t) where
+  epsilon = return
+
+instance LiftableProductionRule (RecDecRule t) where
+  epsilonL v _ = return v
+
+instance (Token t) => TokenProductionRule (RecDecRule t) t where
+  token c = 
+    let 
+      primToken = RecDecRule $ do (c':r) <- get
+                                  put r
+                                  return c'
+    in do cr <- primToken
+          if c == classify cr
+            then return cr
+            else fail $ "unexpected token " ++ show c ++ ", expecting " ++ show cr
+
+parseRecDecBase :: RecDecRule t a -> [ConcreteToken t] -> Maybe a
+parseRecDecBase parser s =
+  case flip runState s $ runMaybeT $ runRD parser of
+    (v,[]) -> v
+    _ -> error "No full parse"
+
+-- | Parse a given string according to a given grammar, starting from a given start non-terminal,
+-- with a simple backtracking recursive descent parser algorithm.
+parseRecDec :: forall phi t r ix. (Token t) =>
+               ProcessingContextFreeGrammar phi t r -> phi ix -> [ConcreteToken t] -> Maybe (r ix)
+parseRecDec gram = 
+  let
+    rpwgram :: phi ix -> RecDecRule t (r ix)
+    rpwgram = unfoldRecursion gram
+  in parseRecDecBase . rpwgram
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/TopDown.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/TopDown.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/TopDown.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TypeSynonymInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+
+-- | This was intended as a common library for top-down parser algorithms, but it 
+-- is a bit outdated and currently only used by the LL1 parser.
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Parser.TopDown where
+
+import Control.Monad.Maybe
+import Control.Monad.State
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+
+newtype NonBranchingRule phi r t v = MkNBR {
+  unNBR :: (forall ix. phi ix -> [ConcreteToken t] -> NonBranchingRule phi r t (r ix)) -> MaybeT (State [ConcreteToken t]) v
+  }
+
+instance Functor (NonBranchingRule phi r t) where
+  fmap f r = MkNBR $ \g -> fmap f $ unNBR r g
+  
+instance Monad (NonBranchingRule phi r t) where
+  ra >> rb = MkNBR $ \g -> unNBR ra g >> unNBR rb g
+  ra >>= f = MkNBR $ \g -> unNBR ra g >>= \v -> unNBR (f v) g
+  return v = MkNBR $ \_ -> return v
+
+nbrEndOfInput :: NonBranchingRule phi r t () 
+nbrEndOfInput = MkNBR $ \_ -> do [] <- get; return ()
+
+type UnambiguousTopDownGrammar phi r t = (Domain phi, Token t) => phi ix -> [ConcreteToken t] -> NonBranchingRule phi r t (r ix)
+
+newtype WrapLookaheadNBR phi r t ix = WrapLNBR {
+  unWrapLNBR :: [ConcreteToken t] -> NonBranchingRule phi r t (r ix)
+  }
+
+parseTopDown :: forall phi r t ix. (Domain phi, Token t) => UnambiguousTopDownGrammar phi r t -> phi ix -> [ConcreteToken t] -> Maybe (r ix)
+parseTopDown gram idx s =
+  let
+    memoGram :: UnambiguousTopDownGrammar phi r t
+    memoGram = unWrapLNBR . memoFamily (WrapLNBR . gram)
+    currule :: NonBranchingRule phi r t (r ix)
+    currule = memoGram idx s
+    exec :: State [ConcreteToken t] (Maybe (r ix))
+    exec = runMaybeT $ unNBR currule gram
+  in evalState exec s 
+
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/UUParse.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/UUParse.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Parser/UUParse.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+
+-- | UUParse compatibility module.
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Parser.UUParse (
+  parseUU,
+  parseUUR,
+  parseUURule,
+  parseUUE
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.UnfoldRecursion
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.UnfoldLoops
+
+import Text.ParserCombinators.UU hiding (Token)
+
+-- We just count tokens for now (not lines and colums with handling here for newlines etc), 
+-- locations cannot be used atm anyway...
+instance IsLocationUpdatedBy Int t where
+   advance p _ = p + 1
+
+newtype WrapP t v = WP { unWP :: P (Str (ConcreteToken t) Int) v }
+
+instance (Token t) => ProductionRule (WrapP t) where
+  a >>> b = WP $ unWP a <*> unWP b
+  a ||| b = WP $ unWP a <|> unWP b
+  endOfInput = WP $ const () <$> pEnd
+  die = WP empty
+
+instance (Token t) => EpsProductionRule (WrapP t) where
+  epsilon v = WP $ pure v
+
+instance (Token t) => LiftableProductionRule (WrapP t) where
+  epsilonL v _ = epsilon v
+
+instance (Token t) => TokenProductionRule (WrapP t) t where
+  token tt =
+    let
+      sat :: ConcreteToken t -> Bool
+      sat t = classify t == tt
+    in WP $ pSym (sat, show tt, head $ enumConcreteTokens tt)
+
+-- | Parse a given string according to a given regular grammar, starting from a given
+-- start symbol using the UUParse error-correcting parsing library (always
+-- produces a result)
+parseUUR :: forall phi t r ix.
+           (Token t) =>
+           ProcessingRegularGrammar phi t r ->
+           phi ix -> [ConcreteToken t] -> r ix
+parseUUR gram idx = parseUURule $ gram idx
+
+-- | Parse a given string according to a given grammar, starting from a given
+-- start symbol using the UUParse error-correcting parsing library (always
+-- produces a result)
+parseUU :: forall phi t r ix.
+           (Token t) =>
+           ProcessingContextFreeGrammar phi t r ->
+           phi ix -> [ConcreteToken t] -> r ix
+parseUU gram = parseUUR (unfoldRecursion gram)
+
+-- | Parse a given string according to a given regular production rule using the 
+-- UUParse error-correcting parsing library (always produces a result).
+parseUURule :: forall phi t r v.
+           (Token t) =>
+           RegularRule phi r t v ->
+           [ConcreteToken t] -> v
+parseUURule rule s = 
+  parse (unWP rule) $ listToStr s 0
+
+-- | Parse a given string according to a given extended grammar, starting from a given
+-- start symbol using the UUParse error-correcting parsing library (always
+-- produces a result)
+parseUUE :: forall phi t r ix.
+           (Token t) =>
+           ProcessingExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r ->
+           phi ix -> [ConcreteToken t] -> r ix
+parseUUE gram = parseUU (unfoldLoops gram) 
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/TH/Base.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/TH/Base.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/TH/Base.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.TH.Base where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+
+import Language.Haskell.TH.Syntax
+
+import Data.Set
+import qualified Data.Set as Set
+
+instance (Lift v) => Lift (Set v) where
+  lift s = [| Set.fromDistinctAscList $(lift $ toAscList s) |]
+
+
+instance Lift v => Lift (K0 v ix) where
+  lift (K0 v) = [| K0 $(lift v) |]
+  
+instance (Lift (v (supIxT ix))) =>
+         Lift (SubVal supIxT v ix) where
+  lift (MkSubVal v) = [| MkSubVal $(lift v) |]
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/TH/FoldLoops.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/TH/FoldLoops.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/TH/FoldLoops.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE UndecidableInstances #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.TH.FoldLoops where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.FoldLoops
+
+import Language.Haskell.TH.Syntax
+
+instance (Lift (Memo phi (SubVal FLBaseIx v)),
+          Lift (Memo phi (SubVal FLManyIx v))) =>
+         Lift (Memo (FoldLoopsDomain phi) v) where
+  lift (FLM mb mm) = [| FLM $(lift mb) $(lift mm) |]
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/TH/RealLL1.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/TH/RealLL1.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/TH/RealLL1.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.TH.RealLL1 where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Parser.RealLL1
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.TH.Base ()
+
+import Language.Haskell.TH.Syntax
+
+instance (Token t) => Lift (FirstSet t) where
+  lift (FS fts e f) = [| FS $(lift fts) $(lift e) $(lift f) |]
+
+instance (Token t) => Lift (BranchSelectorMemo t) where
+  lift DefaultBranchSelectorMemo = [| DefaultBranchSelectorMemo |] 
+  lift (SplitBranchSelectorMemoL fs bsa bsb) = [| SplitBranchSelectorMemoL $(lift fs) $(lift bsa) $(lift bsb) |]
+  lift (FlipBS bsn) = [| FlipBS $(lift bsn) |]
+
+liftRealLL1Table :: (Lift (Memo phi (K0 (BranchSelectorMemo t)))) => RealLL1Table phi t -> Q Exp
+liftRealLL1Table (MkRealLL1Table memo) = [| MkRealLL1Table $(lift memo) |]
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/CombineEpsilons.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/CombineEpsilons.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/CombineEpsilons.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE GADTs #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.CombineEpsilons (
+  combineEpsilons,
+  combineEpsilonsE
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+
+data CombineEpsilonsRule p (phi :: * -> *) (r :: * -> *) t v where
+    CERule :: (v' -> v) -> p v' -> CombineEpsilonsRule p phi r t v
+    CEEpsRule :: v -> CombineEpsilonsRule p phi r t v
+
+instance (ProductionRule p, EpsProductionRule p) =>
+         ProductionRule (CombineEpsilonsRule p phi r t) where
+  endOfInput = CERule id endOfInput
+  (CEEpsRule va) >>> (CEEpsRule vb) = CEEpsRule $ va vb
+  (CEEpsRule va) >>> (CERule fb rb) = CERule (va . fb) rb
+  (CERule fa ra) >>> (CEEpsRule vb) = CERule (flip ($) vb . fa)  ra
+  (CERule fa ra) >>> (CERule fb rb) = CERule (uncurry fa) ((\va vb -> (va, fb vb)) $>> ra >>> rb) 
+  ra ||| rb = CERule id $ runCERule ra ||| runCERule rb
+  die = CERule id die
+
+instance (EpsProductionRule p) => EpsProductionRule (CombineEpsilonsRule p phi r t) where
+  epsilon = CEEpsRule
+
+instance (EpsProductionRule p) => LiftableProductionRule (CombineEpsilonsRule p phi r t) where
+  epsilonL v _ = CEEpsRule v
+
+instance (TokenProductionRule p t) =>
+         TokenProductionRule (CombineEpsilonsRule p phi r t) t where
+  token = CERule id . token
+
+instance (RecProductionRule p phi r) =>
+         RecProductionRule (CombineEpsilonsRule p phi r t) phi r where
+  ref = CERule id . ref
+
+instance (EpsProductionRule p, LoopProductionRule p phi r) =>
+         LoopProductionRule (CombineEpsilonsRule p phi r t) phi r where
+  manyRef = CERule id . manyRef
+  many1Ref = CERule id . many1Ref
+
+runCERule :: (ProductionRule p, EpsProductionRule p) =>
+             CombineEpsilonsRule p phi r t v -> p v
+runCERule (CERule f r) = f $>> r
+runCERule (CEEpsRule v) = epsilon v
+
+-- | Combine consecutive epsilon rules in a given grammar into a single
+-- epsilon rule.
+combineEpsilons :: forall phi t r rr. 
+  GContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+  GContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr
+combineEpsilons gram idx = runCERule $ gram idx
+
+-- | Combine consecutive epsilon rules in a given extended 
+-- grammar into a single epsilon rule.
+combineEpsilonsE :: forall phi t r rr. 
+  GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+  GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr
+combineEpsilonsE gram idx = runCERule $ gram idx
+
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/FilterDies.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/FilterDies.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/FilterDies.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.FilterDies (
+  filterDies,
+  filterDiesE,
+  filterDiesLE
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+
+data FilterDiesRule p (phi :: * -> *) (r :: * -> *) t v = 
+    FDBaseRule (p v)
+  | FDDieRule
+
+instance ProductionRule p =>
+         ProductionRule (FilterDiesRule p phi r t) where
+  endOfInput = FDBaseRule endOfInput
+  FDDieRule >>> _ = FDDieRule
+  _ >>> FDDieRule = FDDieRule
+  (FDBaseRule ra) >>> (FDBaseRule rb) = FDBaseRule $ ra >>> rb
+  FDDieRule ||| rb = rb
+  (FDBaseRule ra) ||| fdrb =
+    FDBaseRule $ case fdrb of FDDieRule -> ra
+                              (FDBaseRule rb) -> ra ||| rb
+  die = FDDieRule
+
+instance (EpsProductionRule p) =>
+         EpsProductionRule (FilterDiesRule p phi r t) where
+  epsilon = FDBaseRule . epsilon
+
+instance (LiftableProductionRule p) =>
+         LiftableProductionRule (FilterDiesRule p phi r t) where
+  epsilonL v q = FDBaseRule $ epsilonL v q
+
+instance (TokenProductionRule p t) =>
+         TokenProductionRule (FilterDiesRule p phi r t) t where
+  token = FDBaseRule . token
+
+instance (RecProductionRule p phi r) =>
+         RecProductionRule (FilterDiesRule p phi r t) phi r where
+  ref = FDBaseRule . ref
+
+instance (LoopProductionRule p phi r) =>
+         LoopProductionRule (FilterDiesRule p phi r t) phi r where
+  manyRef = FDBaseRule . manyRef
+  many1Ref = FDBaseRule . many1Ref
+
+runFDRule :: (ProductionRule p) =>
+             FilterDiesRule p phi r t v -> p v
+runFDRule FDDieRule = die
+runFDRule (FDBaseRule r) = r
+
+-- | Filter dead branches from a given context-free grammar.
+filterDies :: forall phi t r rr. 
+  GContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+  GContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr
+filterDies gram idx = runFDRule $ gram idx
+
+-- | Filter dead branches from a given extended context-free grammar.
+filterDiesE :: forall phi t r rr. 
+  GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+  GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr
+filterDiesE gram idx = runFDRule $ gram idx
+
+-- | Filter dead branches from a given extended context-free grammar.
+filterDiesLE :: forall phi t r rr. 
+  GLExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+  GLExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr
+filterDiesLE gram idx = runFDRule $ gram idx
+
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/FoldLoops.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/FoldLoops.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/FoldLoops.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE EmptyDataDecls #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE GADTs #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE NoMonomorphismRestriction #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TypeOperators #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.FoldLoops (
+  FLBaseIx, FLManyIx,
+  Memo (FLM),
+  FoldLoopsDomain (FLBase, FLMany),
+  FoldLoopsValue (..),
+  FoldLoopsResultValue (..),
+  processFoldLoops,
+  foldLoops,
+  foldAndProcessLoops
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+
+-- | A parametrised type such that 'FLBaseIx' ix represents
+-- base non-terminal ix.
+data FLBaseIx ix
+-- | A parametrised type such that 'FLBaseIx' ix represents
+-- the Kleene-'*' version of base non-terminal ix.
+data FLManyIx ix 
+
+-- | FoldLoopsDomain phi defines, for base domain phi, an
+-- extended domain containing non-terminal types 
+-- 'FLBaseIx' ix representing base non-terminal ix, and 
+-- 'FLManyIx' ix representing a Kleene-* version of base
+-- non-terminal ix.
+data FoldLoopsDomain phi ix where
+  
+  FLBase :: phi ix -> FoldLoopsDomain phi (FLBaseIx ix)
+  FLMany :: phi ix -> FoldLoopsDomain phi (FLManyIx ix)
+
+instance (FoldFam phi) => FoldFam (FoldLoopsDomain phi) where
+  foldFam f n =
+    foldFam (f . FLMany) $
+    foldFam (f . FLBase) n
+
+instance (ShowFam phi) => ShowFam (FoldLoopsDomain phi) where
+  showIdx (FLBase idx) = showIdx idx
+  showIdx (FLMany idx) = showIdx idx ++ "*"
+
+instance (EqFam phi) => EqFam (FoldLoopsDomain phi) where
+  overrideIdx f (FLBase idx) v (FLBase idx') = unSubVal $ overrideIdx (MkSubVal . f . FLBase) idx (MkSubVal v) idx'
+  overrideIdx f (FLMany idx) v (FLMany idx') = unSubVal $ overrideIdx (MkSubVal . f . FLMany) idx (MkSubVal v) idx'
+  overrideIdx f _ _ idx = f idx
+
+instance DomainMap (FoldLoopsDomain phi) phi FLBaseIx where
+  supIx = FLBase
+  subIx (FLBase idx) = idx
+  
+instance DomainMap (FoldLoopsDomain phi) phi FLManyIx where
+  supIx = FLMany
+  subIx (FLMany idx) = idx
+
+instance (MemoFam phi) => MemoFam (FoldLoopsDomain phi) where
+  data Memo (FoldLoopsDomain phi) v = FLM (Memo phi (SubVal FLBaseIx v)) (Memo phi (SubVal FLManyIx v))
+  fromMemo (FLM mb _) (FLBase idx) = unSubVal $ fromMemo mb idx
+  fromMemo (FLM _ mm) (FLMany idx) = unSubVal $ fromMemo mm idx 
+  toMemo f = FLM (toMemo $ MkSubVal . f . FLBase) (toMemo $ MkSubVal . f . FLMany)
+
+instance Domain phi => Domain (FoldLoopsDomain phi)
+
+-- | FoldLoopsValue defines, for a semantic value family
+-- r over base domain phi, a semantic value family 
+-- 'FoldLoopsValue' r over domain 'FoldLoopsDomain' r, such
+-- that the semantic value for base non-terminal 'FLBaseIx' 
+-- is a wrapped version of type r ix, and for Kleene-* non-terminal
+-- 'FLManyIx' a wrapped version of type [r ix]. 
+data family FoldLoopsValue (r :: * -> *) ix
+newtype instance FoldLoopsValue r (FLBaseIx ix) = FLBV { unFLBV :: r ix } deriving (Show)
+newtype instance FoldLoopsValue r (FLManyIx ix) = FLMV { unFLMV :: [r ix] } deriving (Show)
+
+-- | FoldLoopsResultValue defines, for semantic value families
+-- r and rr over base domain phi, a semantic value family 
+-- 'FoldLoopsResultValue' r rr over domain 'FoldLoopsDomain' r.
+-- such that the semantic value for base non-terminal 'FLBaseIx' 
+-- is a wrapped version of type rr ix, and for Kleene-* non-terminal
+-- 'FLManyIx' a wrapped version of type [r ix]. 
+data family FoldLoopsResultValue (r :: * -> *) (rr :: * -> *) ix
+newtype instance FoldLoopsResultValue r rr (FLBaseIx ix) = FLRBV { unFLRBV :: rr ix }
+newtype instance FoldLoopsResultValue r rr (FLManyIx ix) = FLRMV { unFLRMV :: [r ix] }
+
+data FLWrap p unused1 unused2 phi r t v where
+  FLW :: p v -> FLWrap p (FoldLoopsDomain phi) (FoldLoopsValue r) phi r t v
+unFLW :: FLWrap p (FoldLoopsDomain phi) (FoldLoopsValue r) phi r t v -> p v
+unFLW (FLW p) = p
+
+instance (ProductionRule p) =>
+         ProductionRule (FLWrap p (FoldLoopsDomain phi) (FoldLoopsValue r) phi r t) where
+  (FLW a) >>> (FLW b) = FLW $ a >>> b
+  (FLW a) ||| (FLW b) = FLW $ a ||| b
+  die = FLW die
+  endOfInput = FLW endOfInput
+
+instance (EpsProductionRule p) =>
+         EpsProductionRule (FLWrap p (FoldLoopsDomain phi) (FoldLoopsValue r) phi r t) where
+  epsilon = FLW . epsilon
+
+instance (LiftableProductionRule p) =>
+         LiftableProductionRule (FLWrap p (FoldLoopsDomain phi) (FoldLoopsValue r) phi r t) where
+  epsilonL v q = FLW $ epsilonL v q
+
+instance (TokenProductionRule p t) =>
+         TokenProductionRule (FLWrap p (FoldLoopsDomain phi) (FoldLoopsValue r) phi r t) t where
+  token = FLW . token
+
+instance (RecProductionRule p (FoldLoopsDomain phi) (FoldLoopsValue r),
+          ProductionRule p, EpsProductionRule p) => 
+         RecProductionRule (FLWrap p (FoldLoopsDomain phi) (FoldLoopsValue r) phi r t) phi r where
+  ref idx = FLW $ epsilon (\(FLBV v) -> v) >>> ref (FLBase idx)
+
+instance (ProductionRule p, EpsProductionRule p, LiftableProductionRule p,
+          TokenProductionRule p t, RecProductionRule p (FoldLoopsDomain phi) (FoldLoopsValue r)) =>
+          LoopProductionRule (FLWrap p (FoldLoopsDomain phi) (FoldLoopsValue r) phi r t) phi r where
+  manyRef idx = FLW $ epsilon (\(FLMV lv) -> lv) >>> ref (FLMany idx)
+
+-- | Construct a processor for a grammar transformed using the 'foldLoops' algorithm, 
+-- given a processor for the original grammar.
+processFoldLoops :: forall phi r rr. GProcessor phi r rr -> GProcessor (FoldLoopsDomain phi) (FoldLoopsValue r) (FoldLoopsResultValue r rr)
+processFoldLoops proc (FLBase (idx :: phi ix')) (FLRBV v) = FLBV $ proc idx v
+processFoldLoops _ (FLMany _) (FLRMV vs) = FLMV vs
+
+-- | Transform a given extended context-free grammar over a domain 'phi' into a standard
+-- context-free grammar over the extended domain 'FoldLoopsDomain' 'phi'.
+-- Calls to 'manyRef' idx are transformed into calls to 'ref' ('FLMany' idx),
+-- where 'FLMany' idx is a new non-terminal representing the
+-- Kleene-* version of underlying non-terminal 'idx'. Normal
+-- calls to 'ref' idx are transformed into calls to 'ref' 
+-- ('FLBase' idx) where 'FLBase' idx represents the unmodified
+-- underlying non-terminal 'idx'. The 'foldLoops' algorithm 
+-- constructs appropriate production rules for both types of
+-- new non-terminals.
+-- Values are wrapped in the 'FoldLoopsResultValue' 'r' 'rr'
+-- semantic value family.
+foldLoops :: 
+  GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+  GContextFreeGrammar (FoldLoopsDomain phi) t (FoldLoopsValue r) (FoldLoopsResultValue r rr)
+foldLoops bgram (FLBase (idx :: phi ix)) = 
+  epsilon FLRBV >>> unFLW (bgram idx)
+foldLoops _ (FLMany idx) = 
+      epsilon (\(FLBV v) (FLMV vs) -> FLRMV (v:vs)) >>> 
+      ref (FLBase idx) >>> ref (FLMany idx) 
+  ||| epsilon (FLRMV [])
+    
+-- | Transform a given processing extended context-free 
+-- grammar over a domain 'phi' into a standard context-free
+-- grammar over the extended domain 'FoldLoopsDomain phi'.
+-- Completely similar to 'foldLoops', but wraps values in the
+-- 'FoldLoopsValue' 'r' semantic value family.
+foldAndProcessLoops ::
+  forall phi t r . Token t =>
+  ProcessingExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r->
+  ProcessingContextFreeGrammar (FoldLoopsDomain phi) t (FoldLoopsValue r)
+foldAndProcessLoops gram = 
+  let
+    loopsproc = processFoldLoops identityProcessor
+  in applyProcessor (foldLoops gram) loopsproc
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/LeftCorner.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/LeftCorner.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/LeftCorner.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE EmptyDataDecls #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE GADTs #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE NoMonomorphismRestriction #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TypeOperators #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.LeftCorner (
+  LCBaseIx, LCNTMinNTIx, LCNTMinTIx,
+  LCDomain (LCBase, LCNTMinNT, LCNTMinT),
+  LCValue( LCBV, LCNTMinNTV, LCNTMinTV ),
+  transformLeftCorner,
+  transformLeftCornerE
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.CalcFirst
+
+import Data.Map (Map, (!))
+import qualified Data.Map as Map
+import qualified Data.Set as Set
+import Data.Enumerable
+import Control.Applicative ((<*>))
+
+-- NOTES:
+-- recursion only through list of left-corner terminals, so we can handle non-processing CFG's?
+
+data LCBaseIx ix
+data LCNTMinNTIx ix' ix
+data LCNTMinTIx t ix
+
+-- | 'LCDomain' defines, for a base domain phi an extended
+-- domain containing the non-terminals used by the left-
+-- corner transform.
+data LCDomain phi t ix where
+  LCBase :: phi ix -> LCDomain phi t (LCBaseIx ix)
+  LCNTMinNT :: phi ix' -> phi ix -> LCDomain phi t (LCNTMinNTIx ix' ix)
+  LCNTMinT :: t -> phi ix -> LCDomain phi t (LCNTMinTIx t ix)
+
+instance (ShowFam phi, Show t) => ShowFam (LCDomain phi t) where
+  showIdx (LCBase idx) = showIdx idx
+  showIdx (LCNTMinNT idx' idx) = showIdx idx ++ "-" ++ showIdx idx'
+  showIdx (LCNTMinT tt idx) = showIdx idx ++ "-" ++ show tt
+
+instance (Token t, FoldFam phi) => FoldFam (LCDomain phi t) where
+  foldFam (f :: forall ix. LCDomain phi t ix -> b -> b) n =
+    let n' = foldFam (f . LCBase) n
+        f' idx = foldFam (f . (LCNTMinNT `flip` idx))
+        n'' = foldFam f' n'
+        f'' tt = foldFam (f . LCNTMinT tt)
+        n''' = foldr f'' n'' enumerate
+    in n''' 
+
+newtype WrapLCNTMinNTMemo phi r ix' =
+  WLCNTMNTM { unWLCNTMNT :: Memo phi (SubVal (LCNTMinNTIx ix') r) }
+
+instance (MemoFam phi, Token t) =>
+         MemoFam (LCDomain phi t) where
+  data Memo (LCDomain phi t) r =
+    MemoLCD (Memo phi (SubVal LCBaseIx r))
+            (Memo phi (WrapLCNTMinNTMemo phi r))
+            (Map t (Memo phi (SubVal (LCNTMinTIx t) r)))
+  toMemo f = MemoLCD (toMemo (MkSubVal . f . LCBase))
+                     (toMemo (WLCNTMNTM . (\idx' -> toMemo (MkSubVal . f . LCNTMinNT idx'))))
+                     (Map.fromList (map (\tt -> (tt, toMemo (MkSubVal . f . LCNTMinT tt))) enumerate))
+  fromMemo (MemoLCD mb _ _) (LCBase idx) = unSubVal $ fromMemo mb idx
+  fromMemo (MemoLCD _ mnmn _) (LCNTMinNT idx' idx) =
+    unSubVal $ fromMemo (unWLCNTMNT $ fromMemo mnmn idx') idx
+  fromMemo (MemoLCD _ _ mnmt) (LCNTMinT tt idx) =
+    unSubVal $ fromMemo (mnmt ! tt) idx
+
+instance (Domain phi, Token t) => Domain (LCDomain phi t)
+
+newtype WrapFSect phi r ix = WFS {
+  unWFS :: forall ix'. phi ix' -> r (LCNTMinNTIx ix ix')
+  }
+
+instance (EqFam phi, Token t) => EqFam (LCDomain phi t) where
+  overrideIdx f (LCBase idx) v (LCBase idx') =
+    unSubVal $ overrideIdx (MkSubVal . f . LCBase) idx (MkSubVal v) idx'
+  overrideIdx (f :: forall ix. LCDomain phi t ix -> r ix) (LCNTMinNT idx idxm) v (LCNTMinNT idx' idxm') =
+    let
+      fc :: forall ix ixm. phi ix -> phi ixm -> r (LCNTMinNTIx ix ixm)
+      fc idx'' idxm'' = f $ LCNTMinNT idx'' idxm''
+      fsect' idxm'' = unSubVal $ overrideIdx (MkSubVal . fc idx) idxm (MkSubVal v) idxm''
+      fc' :: forall ix ixm. phi ix -> phi ixm -> r (LCNTMinNTIx ix ixm)
+      fc' idxm'' = unWFS $ overrideIdx (\idx'' -> WFS $ fc idx'') idx (WFS fsect') idxm''
+    in fc' idx' idxm'
+  overrideIdx f (LCNTMinT tt idx) v (LCNTMinT tt' idx') =
+    if tt == tt'
+    then unSubVal $ overrideIdx (MkSubVal . f . LCNTMinT tt) idx (MkSubVal v) idx'
+    else f (LCNTMinT tt' idx')
+  overrideIdx f _ _ idx' = f idx'
+
+instance DomainMap (LCDomain phi t) phi LCBaseIx where
+  supIx = LCBase
+  subIx (LCBase idx) = idx
+  
+data family LCValue (r :: * -> *) t ix
+data instance LCValue r t (LCBaseIx ix) = LCBV { unLCBV :: r ix } deriving (Show)
+data instance LCValue r t (LCNTMinNTIx ix' ix) = LCNTMinNTV { unLCNTMinNTV :: r ix' -> r ix}
+data instance LCValue r t (LCNTMinTIx t ix) = LCNTMinTV { unLCNTMinTV :: ConcreteToken t -> r ix }
+
+data TransformLCRule p (unused1 :: * -> *) (unused2 :: * -> *) (phi :: * -> *) (r :: * -> *) t v = 
+  MkTLCIR {
+    tlcEmpty :: Maybe v,
+    tlcFull :: p v,
+    tlcNTMinNT :: forall ix'. phi ix' -> p (r ix' -> v),
+    tlcNTMinT :: t -> p (ConcreteToken t -> v)
+    }
+
+instance (ProductionRule p,
+          EpsProductionRule p,
+          RecProductionRule p (LCDomain phi t) (LCValue r t)) =>
+         ProductionRule (TransformLCRule p (LCDomain phi t) (LCValue r t) phi r t) where
+  ra >>> rb = 
+    let
+      es = tlcEmpty ra <*> tlcEmpty rb
+      emptyA = maybe die epsilon $ tlcEmpty ra
+      f = tlcFull ra >>> tlcFull rb
+      rNTMinNT idx' =   flip $>> tlcNTMinNT ra idx' >>> tlcFull rb
+                    ||| (.) $>> emptyA >>> tlcNTMinNT rb idx'
+      rNTMinT tt =   flip $>> tlcNTMinT ra tt >>> tlcFull rb
+                 ||| (.) $>> emptyA >>> tlcNTMinT rb tt
+    in MkTLCIR es f rNTMinNT rNTMinT 
+  ra ||| rb =
+    let
+      es = case (tlcEmpty ra, tlcEmpty rb) of
+        (Just _, Just _) -> error "Ambiguous: empty disjunction"
+        (Just va, Nothing) -> Just va
+        (Nothing, Just vb) -> Just vb
+        (Nothing, Nothing) -> Nothing
+      f = tlcFull ra ||| tlcFull rb
+      rNTMinNT idx' = tlcNTMinNT ra idx' ||| tlcNTMinNT rb idx'
+      rNTMinT tt = tlcNTMinT ra tt ||| tlcNTMinT rb tt
+    in MkTLCIR es f rNTMinNT rNTMinT 
+  endOfInput = MkTLCIR Nothing endOfInput (const die) (const die)
+  die = MkTLCIR Nothing die (const die) (const die) 
+
+instance (ProductionRule p,
+          EpsProductionRule p,
+          RecProductionRule p (LCDomain phi t) (LCValue r t)) =>
+         EpsProductionRule (TransformLCRule p (LCDomain phi t) (LCValue r t) phi r t) where
+  epsilon v = MkTLCIR (Just v) (epsilon v) (const die) (const die) 
+
+instance (ProductionRule p,
+          EpsProductionRule p,
+          RecProductionRule p (LCDomain phi t) (LCValue r t)) =>
+         LiftableProductionRule (TransformLCRule p (LCDomain phi t) (LCValue r t) phi r t) where
+  epsilonL v _ = epsilon v
+
+instance (Token t, TokenProductionRule p t, ProductionRule p,
+          LiftableProductionRule p,
+          RecProductionRule p (LCDomain phi t) (LCValue r t)) =>
+         TokenProductionRule (TransformLCRule p unused1 unused2 phi r t) t where
+  token tt = 
+    let rNTMinT tt' = if tt == tt' then epsilonL id [|id|] else die
+    in MkTLCIR Nothing (token tt) (const die) rNTMinT 
+
+newtype WrapNTMinNTP p r ix surrIx =
+  WNTMinNTP { unWNTMinNTP :: p (r surrIx -> r ix) }
+
+instance (ProductionRule p, EqFam phi,
+          EpsProductionRule p,
+          RecProductionRule p (LCDomain phi t) (LCValue r t)) => 
+         RecProductionRule (TransformLCRule p (LCDomain phi t) (LCValue r t) phi r t) phi r where
+  ref idx = 
+    let f = unLCBV $>> ref (LCBase idx)
+        rNTMinNT idxm = unWNTMinNTP $ overrideIdx (\_ -> WNTMinNTP die) idx (WNTMinNTP $ epsilon id) idxm
+    in MkTLCIR Nothing f rNTMinNT (const die) 
+
+newtype WrapNTMinNTPs p r ix surrIx =
+  WNTMinNTPs { unWNTMinNTPs :: p (r surrIx -> [r ix]) }
+instance (EqFam phi,
+          EpsProductionRule p,
+          LoopProductionRule p (LCDomain phi t) (LCValue r t)) => 
+         LoopProductionRule (TransformLCRule p (LCDomain phi t) (LCValue r t) phi r t) phi r where
+  manyRef (idx :: phi ix) =
+    let f = map unLCBV $>> manyRef (LCBase idx)
+        rNTMinNTIdx = flip (:) $>> (map unLCBV $>> manyRef (LCBase idx))
+        rNTMinNT idxm = unWNTMinNTPs $ overrideIdx (\_ -> WNTMinNTPs die) idx (WNTMinNTPs rNTMinNTIdx) idxm
+    in MkTLCIR Nothing f rNTMinNT (const die)
+  many1Ref (idx :: phi ix) =
+    let f = map unLCBV $>> many1Ref (LCBase idx)
+        rNTMinNTIdx = flip (:) $>> (map unLCBV $>> manyRef (LCBase idx))
+        rNTMinNT idxm = unWNTMinNTPs $ overrideIdx (\_ -> WNTMinNTPs die) idx (WNTMinNTPs rNTMinNTIdx) idxm
+    in MkTLCIR Nothing f rNTMinNT (const die) 
+
+transformLeftCorner' ::
+  forall p phi r t ix.
+  (Domain phi, Token t, TokenProductionRule p t,
+   ProductionRule p,
+   EpsProductionRule p,
+   RecProductionRule p (LCDomain phi t) (LCValue r t)) =>
+  (forall ix'. phi ix' ->
+   TransformLCRule p (LCDomain phi t) (LCValue r t) phi r t (r ix')) ->
+  (forall ix'. phi ix' -> FirstSet t) ->
+  LCDomain phi t ix ->
+  p (LCValue r t ix)
+transformLeftCorner' _ cfs (LCBase idx) = 
+  let FS fs _ _ = cfs idx -- TODO: what if it can be empty?
+      ruleT tt = flip ($) $>> token tt >>> (unLCNTMinTV $>> ref (LCNTMinT tt idx))
+      ruleTs = LCBV $>> Set.fold ((|||) . ruleT) die fs
+  in ruleTs 
+transformLeftCorner' bgram _ (LCNTMinT tt idx) = 
+  let
+    bMinT idxB = flip (.) $>> tlcNTMinT (bgram idxB) tt >>> (unLCNTMinNTV $>> ref (LCNTMinNT idxB idx))
+    bMinTs = foldFam ((|||) . bMinT) die
+  in     LCNTMinTV $>> bMinTs
+     ||| LCNTMinTV $>> tlcNTMinT (bgram idx) tt
+transformLeftCorner' bgram _ (LCNTMinNT idxm idx) = 
+  let
+    cMinB idxC = LCNTMinNTV $>> (flip (.) $>> tlcNTMinNT (bgram idxC) idxm >>> follow idxC)
+    baseFollow idxC = unLCNTMinNTV $>> ref (LCNTMinNT idxC idx)
+    follow idxC = unWNTMinNTP $ overrideIdx (WNTMinNTP . baseFollow) idx (WNTMinNTP $ baseFollow idx ||| epsilon id) idxC
+  in -- flip (|||) produces alternatives in a better order, typically
+   foldFam (flip (|||) . cMinB) die 
+
+-- | Apply the left-corner transform to a given grammar, removing direct and indirect left recursion.
+-- 
+-- Note that the new domain will contain O(n*t + n^2)
+-- non-terminals where n is the amount of non-terminals and t is the
+-- number of tokens, so when using this transformation, it can be beneficial to
+-- use a token type with a more limited amount of token values than 'Char', at
+-- least if you will use algorithms that fold over the full new grammar's domain 
+-- (e.g. 'printGrammar' does, 'printReachableGrammar' doesn't).
+transformLeftCorner ::
+  (Domain phi, Token t) =>
+  ProcessingContextFreeGrammar phi t r ->
+  ProcessingContextFreeGrammar (LCDomain phi t) t (LCValue r t)
+transformLeftCorner gram idx = transformLeftCorner' gram (calcFirst gram) idx 
+
+-- | Apply the left-corner transform to a given extended grammar, removing direct and indirect left recursion.
+transformLeftCornerE ::
+  forall phi t r. (Domain phi, Token t) =>
+  ProcessingExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r ->
+  ProcessingExtendedContextFreeGrammar (LCDomain phi t) t (LCValue r t)
+transformLeftCornerE gram idx = transformLeftCorner' gram (calcFirst gram) idx
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/OptimizeGrammar.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/OptimizeGrammar.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/OptimizeGrammar.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.OptimizeGrammar where
+
+-- just a combination of some transforms (in a correct order)
+-- TODO: check order
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.CombineEpsilons
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.FilterDies
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.UnfoldDead
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.UniformPaull
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.UnfoldChainNTs
+
+optimizeGrammarE :: (Token t, Domain phi) => 
+  ProcessingExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r ->
+  ProcessingExtendedContextFreeGrammar (UPDomain phi) t (UPValue r)
+optimizeGrammarE g = combineEpsilonsE (unfoldChainNTsE (filterDiesE (unfoldDeadE (transformUniformPaullE g))))
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/UnfoldChainNTs.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/UnfoldChainNTs.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/UnfoldChainNTs.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.UnfoldChainNTs (
+  unfoldChainNTs,
+  unfoldChainNTsE
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.IsChainNT
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.UnfoldRecursion 
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.UnfoldLoops
+
+-- | Unfold chain non-terminals in a given context-
+-- free grammar.
+-- A chain non-terminal is a terminal such that its
+-- production rule is a numer of epsilons followed by a 
+-- single normal reference to another non-terminal.
+unfoldChainNTs :: forall phi r t. (EqFam phi) => 
+  ProcessingContextFreeGrammar phi r t -> 
+  ProcessingContextFreeGrammar phi r t 
+unfoldChainNTs gram idx =
+  let 
+    gram' :: ProcessingContextFreeGrammar phi r t
+    gram' idx' = if isChainNT (unfoldChainNTs gram) idx'
+                then unfoldChainNTs gram idx'
+                else ref idx'
+  in unfoldRule (gram idx) gram'
+
+data RuleToManyWrapper p (phi :: * -> *) (r :: * -> *) t v =
+  RTMEps v |
+  RTMW { ruleToManyRule :: p [v], 
+         ruleToMany1Rule :: p [v] }
+
+instance (ProductionRule p, EpsProductionRule p) =>
+         ProductionRule (RuleToManyWrapper p phi r t) where
+  (RTMEps va) >>> (RTMEps vb) = RTMEps $ va vb
+  (RTMEps va) >>> (RTMW rmb rm1b) = RTMW (map va $>> rmb) (map va $>> rm1b)
+  (RTMW rma rm1a) >>> (RTMEps vb) = RTMW (map ($ vb) $>> rma) (map ($ vb) $>> rm1a)
+  (RTMW _ _ ) >>> (RTMW _ _) = RTMW die die
+  _ ||| _ = RTMW die die
+  die = RTMW die die
+  endOfInput = RTMW die die
+
+instance (ProductionRule p, EpsProductionRule p) => EpsProductionRule (RuleToManyWrapper p phi r t) where
+  epsilon = RTMEps
+
+instance (ProductionRule p, EpsProductionRule p) => LiftableProductionRule (RuleToManyWrapper p phi r t) where
+  epsilonL v _ = RTMEps v
+
+instance (ProductionRule p) => TokenProductionRule (RuleToManyWrapper p phi r t) t where
+  token _ = RTMW die die
+
+instance (LoopProductionRule p phi r) =>
+         RecProductionRule (RuleToManyWrapper p phi r t) phi r where
+  ref idx = RTMW (manyRef idx) (many1Ref idx)
+
+instance (ProductionRule p, EpsProductionRule p, LoopProductionRule p phi r) =>
+         LoopProductionRule (RuleToManyWrapper p phi r t) phi r where
+  manyRef _ = RTMW die die
+  many1Ref _ = RTMW die die
+
+-- | Unfold chain non-terminals in a given extended 
+-- context-free grammar.
+-- A chain non-terminal is a terminal such that its
+-- production rule is a numer of epsilons followed by a 
+-- single normal reference to another non-terminal.
+unfoldChainNTsE :: forall phi r t. (EqFam phi) => 
+  ProcessingExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi r t -> 
+  ProcessingExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi r t 
+unfoldChainNTsE gram idx =
+  let gramm' idx' = if isChainNT (unfoldChainNTsE gram) idx'
+                   then ruleToManyRule (unfoldChainNTsE gram idx')
+                   else manyRef idx'
+      gramm1' idx' = if isChainNT (unfoldChainNTsE gram) idx'
+                    then ruleToMany1Rule (unfoldChainNTsE gram idx')
+                    else many1Ref idx'
+      gram' :: ProcessingExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi r t
+      gram' idx' = if isChainNT (unfoldChainNTsE gram) idx'
+                  then unfoldChainNTsE gram idx'
+                  else ref idx'
+  in replaceLoopsRule (unfoldRuleE (gram idx) gram') gramm' gramm1'
+
+-- TODO: unfold chain rules -> useful?
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/UnfoldDead.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/UnfoldDead.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/UnfoldDead.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.UnfoldDead (
+  unfoldDead,
+  unfoldDeadE,
+  unfoldDeadLE
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.IsDead 
+
+newtype UnfoldDeadRule p (phi :: * -> *) (r :: * -> *) t v = 
+    UDRule { unUDRule :: (forall ix. phi ix -> Bool) -> p v }
+
+instance (ProductionRule p) =>
+         ProductionRule (UnfoldDeadRule p phi r t) where
+  a >>> b = UDRule $ \g -> unUDRule a g >>> unUDRule b g
+  a ||| b = UDRule $ \g -> unUDRule a g ||| unUDRule b g
+  die = UDRule $ \_ -> die
+  endOfInput = UDRule $ \_ -> endOfInput
+
+instance (EpsProductionRule p) =>
+         EpsProductionRule (UnfoldDeadRule p phi r t) where
+  epsilon v = UDRule $ \_ -> epsilon v
+
+instance (LiftableProductionRule p) =>
+         LiftableProductionRule (UnfoldDeadRule p phi r t) where
+  epsilonL v q = UDRule $ \_ -> epsilonL v q
+
+instance (TokenProductionRule p t) =>
+         TokenProductionRule (UnfoldDeadRule p phi r t) t where
+  token t = UDRule $ \_ -> token t
+
+instance (ProductionRule p, 
+          RecProductionRule p phi r) =>
+         RecProductionRule (UnfoldDeadRule p phi r t) phi r where
+  ref idx = UDRule $ \g -> if g idx then die else ref idx
+
+instance (ProductionRule p, 
+          LiftableProductionRule p, 
+          LoopProductionRule p phi r) =>
+         LoopProductionRule (UnfoldDeadRule p phi r t) phi r where
+  manyRef idx = UDRule $ \g -> if g idx then epsilonL [] [| [] |] else manyRef idx 
+  many1Ref idx = UDRule $ \g -> if g idx then die else many1Ref idx 
+
+-- | Unfold dead non-terminals in a given extended context-
+-- free grammar, such
+-- that the unfolded references can be filtered with the
+-- 'filterDies' algorithm. This uses the 'isDead' algorithm
+-- to detect dead non-terminals.
+unfoldDeadE :: (EqFam phi, FoldFam phi, MemoFam phi) => 
+  GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi r t rr -> 
+  GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi r t rr
+unfoldDeadE gram idx = unUDRule (gram idx) $ isDead gram
+
+-- | Unfold dead non-terminals in a given extended liftable context-
+-- free grammar, such
+-- that the unfolded references can be filtered with the
+-- 'filterDies' algorithm. This uses the 'isDead' algorithm
+-- to detect dead non-terminals.
+unfoldDeadLE :: (EqFam phi, FoldFam phi, MemoFam phi) => 
+  GLExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi r t rr -> 
+  GLExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi r t rr
+unfoldDeadLE gram idx = unUDRule (gram idx) $ isDead gram
+
+-- | Unfold dead non-terminals in a given context-
+-- free grammar, such
+-- that the unfolded references can be filtered with the
+-- 'filterDies' algorithm. This uses the 'isDead' algorithm
+-- to detect dead non-terminals.
+unfoldDead :: (EqFam phi, FoldFam phi, MemoFam phi) => 
+  GContextFreeGrammar phi r t rr -> 
+  GContextFreeGrammar phi r t rr
+unfoldDead gram idx = unUDRule (gram idx) $ isDead gram
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/UnfoldLoops.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/UnfoldLoops.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/UnfoldLoops.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.UnfoldLoops (
+  unfoldLoops,
+  unfoldLoopsRule,
+  replaceLoopsRule
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+
+newtype UnfoldLoopsWrapper p (phi :: * -> *) ixT (r :: * -> *) t v = ULW {
+  runULW :: (forall ix. phi ix -> p [r ix]) -> (forall ix. phi ix -> p [r ix]) -> p v
+  }
+
+instance (ProductionRule p) =>
+         ProductionRule (UnfoldLoopsWrapper p phi ixT r t) where
+  ra >>> rb = ULW $ \gm gm1 -> runULW ra gm gm1 >>> runULW rb gm gm1
+  ra ||| rb = ULW $ \gm gm1 -> runULW ra gm gm1 ||| runULW rb gm gm1
+  die = ULW $ \_ _ -> die
+  endOfInput = ULW $ \_ _ -> endOfInput
+
+instance (LiftableProductionRule p) =>
+         LiftableProductionRule (UnfoldLoopsWrapper p phi ixT r t) where
+  epsilonL v q = ULW $ \_ _ -> epsilonL v q
+
+instance (EpsProductionRule p) =>
+         EpsProductionRule (UnfoldLoopsWrapper p phi ixT r t) where
+  epsilon v = ULW $ \_ _ -> epsilon v
+
+-- no newtype deriving for multi param type classes?
+instance (TokenProductionRule p t) =>
+         TokenProductionRule (UnfoldLoopsWrapper p phi ixT r t) t where
+  token t = ULW $ \_ _ -> token t
+
+instance (RecProductionRule p phi r) =>
+         RecProductionRule (UnfoldLoopsWrapper p phi ixT r t) phi r where
+  ref idx = ULW $ \_ _ -> ref idx
+
+instance (ProductionRule p, LiftableProductionRule p, RecProductionRule p phi r) =>
+         LoopProductionRule (UnfoldLoopsWrapper p phi ixT r t) phi r where
+  manyRef idx = ULW $ \gm _ -> gm idx
+  many1Ref idx = ULW $ \_ gm1 -> gm1 idx
+
+-- | Unfold loops in a given grammar, replacing calls to
+-- 'manyRef' idx by 'manyInf' ('ref' idx) and likewise
+-- for 'many1Ref'
+unfoldLoops :: 
+  GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+  GContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr
+unfoldLoops gram idx = 
+  unfoldLoopsRule (gram idx) 
+
+-- | Unfold loops in a given rule, replacing calls to
+-- 'manyRef' idx by 'manyInf' ('ref' idx) and likewise
+-- for 'many1Ref'
+unfoldLoopsRule :: 
+  ExtendedContextFreeRule phi r t v ->
+  ContextFreeRule phi r t v
+unfoldLoopsRule r = 
+  let
+    manyGram idx = manyInf $ ref idx
+    oneOrMoreGram idx = (:) $>> ref idx >>> manyGram idx
+  in replaceLoopsRule r manyGram oneOrMoreGram
+
+-- | Replace loops in a given rule by rules provided
+-- in two provided sets of rules, replacing calls to
+-- 'manyRef' by the corresponding rule from the first
+-- set, and calls to 'manyRef' by the corresponding rule
+-- from the second set. You likely don't need this
+-- and should be looking at 'unfoldLoops' or 
+-- 'unfoldLoopsRule' instead.
+replaceLoopsRule :: 
+  (ProductionRule p, EpsProductionRule p, RecProductionRule p phi r, TokenProductionRule p t) =>
+  ExtendedContextFreeRule phi r t v ->
+  (forall ix. phi ix -> p [r ix]) ->
+  (forall ix. phi ix -> p [r ix]) ->
+  p v
+replaceLoopsRule r = 
+  runULW r 
+
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/UnfoldRecursion.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/UnfoldRecursion.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/UnfoldRecursion.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE GADTs #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.UnfoldRecursion (
+  UnfoldDepth,
+  unfoldRecursion,
+  unfoldRecursionE,
+  selectNothing,
+  selectAllOnce,
+  selectNT,
+  modifyUnfoldDepth,
+  unfoldSelective,
+  unfoldSelectiveE,
+  unfoldRule,
+  unfoldRuleE
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.UnfoldLoops
+
+data RPWRule p phi ixT r t v =
+  RPWRule { unRPWRule :: (forall ix. phi ix -> p (r ix)) -> p v }
+
+instance (ProductionRule p) =>
+         ProductionRule (RPWRule p phi ixT r t) where
+  a >>> b = RPWRule $ \g -> unRPWRule a g >>> unRPWRule b g
+  a ||| b = RPWRule $ \g -> unRPWRule a g ||| unRPWRule b g
+  die = RPWRule $ const die
+  endOfInput = RPWRule $ const endOfInput
+
+instance (LiftableProductionRule p) =>
+         LiftableProductionRule (RPWRule p phi ixT r t) where
+  epsilonL v q = RPWRule $ \_ -> epsilonL v q
+
+instance (EpsProductionRule p) =>
+         EpsProductionRule (RPWRule p phi ixT r t) where
+  epsilon v = RPWRule $ \_ -> epsilon v
+
+instance (TokenProductionRule p t) =>
+         TokenProductionRule (RPWRule p phi ixT r t) t where
+  token c = RPWRule $ \_ -> token c
+
+instance (ProductionRule p) =>
+         RecProductionRule (RPWRule p phi ixT r t) phi r where
+  ref idx = RPWRule $ \g -> g idx
+
+instance (LoopProductionRule p phi r) =>
+         LoopProductionRule (RPWRule p phi ixT r t) phi r where
+  -- we don't unfold loops, use unfoldLoops for that...
+  manyRef idx = RPWRule $ \_ -> manyRef idx 
+  many1Ref idx = RPWRule $ \_ -> many1Ref idx 
+
+-- | Unfold recursion in a given contextx-free grammar, replacing
+-- calls to
+-- 'ref' idx with the non-terminal's production rule. This produces
+-- production rules similar to those in traditional parser combinator
+-- libraries.
+unfoldRecursion ::
+  ProcessingContextFreeGrammar phi t r ->
+  ProcessingRegularGrammar phi t r
+unfoldRecursion gram idx =
+  unRPWRule (gram idx) $ unfoldRecursion gram
+
+-- | Unfold recursion in a given extended context-free grammar,
+-- replacing calls to
+-- 'ref' idx with the non-terminal's production rule. This produces
+-- production rules similar to those in traditional parser combinator
+-- libraries.
+unfoldRecursionE :: 
+  ProcessingExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r ->
+  ProcessingRegularGrammar phi t r
+unfoldRecursionE gram = unfoldRecursion (unfoldLoops gram) 
+
+-- instance (ProductionRule p) => SuperProductionRule (RPWRule p) where
+--   subref subgram idxb = rpwSubRef (subgram idxb) idxb 
+  
+-- rpwSubRef :: forall p phi phi' supIxT ixT r ix t .
+--              (DomainEmbedding phi phi' supIxT, HFunctor phi (PF phi), ProductionRule p) =>
+--              RPWRule p phi' (IxMapSeq ixT supIxT) (SubVal supIxT r) t (PF phi' (SubVal supIxT r) ix) ->
+--              phi' ix -> phi (supIxT ix) ->
+--              RPWRule p phi ixT r t (PF phi r (supIxT ix)) 
+-- rpwSubRef (RPWRule subintrule) idxb idx = RPWRule $ \outgram ->
+--   let
+--     restrictedGrammar :: forall ix'. phi' ix' -> p ((SubVal supIxT r) ix')
+--     restrictedGrammar idx' = epsilon MkSubVal >>> outgram (supIx idx')
+--     presult' :: p (PF phi' (SubVal supIxT r) ix)
+--     presult' = subintrule restrictedGrammar
+--   in epsilon (supPF idxb idx) >>> presult'
+
+-- | A value of type UnfoldDepth defines for each non-terminal in a
+-- grammar how many times it should be unfolded by the 'unfoldSelective'
+-- or 'unfoldSelectiveE' algorithms.
+type UnfoldDepth phi = forall ix. phi ix -> Integer
+
+-- | A value of type 'UnfoldDepth' phi indicating nothing should be
+-- unfolded at all. This can be used as a start value and then further
+-- modified with the 'selectNT' function.
+selectNothing :: UnfoldDepth phi
+selectNothing _ = 0
+
+-- | A value of type 'UnfoldDepth' phi indicating every non-terminal
+-- should be unfolded once.
+selectAllOnce :: UnfoldDepth phi
+selectAllOnce _ = 1
+
+-- | A function modifying a given 'UnfoldDepth' phi by applying a given
+-- function to the depth for a given non-terminal.
+modifyUnfoldDepth :: (EqFam phi) => UnfoldDepth phi -> (Integer -> Integer) -> phi ix -> UnfoldDepth phi
+modifyUnfoldDepth base f idx = overrideIdxK base idx $ f $ base idx
+
+-- | A function modifying a given 'UnfoldDepth' phi by increasing 
+-- the depth for a given non-terminal by 1.
+selectNT :: (EqFam phi) => UnfoldDepth phi -> phi ix -> UnfoldDepth phi
+selectNT base = modifyUnfoldDepth base (+1) 
+
+type RPWGrammar p phi ixT r v t =
+  forall ix. phi ix -> RPWRule p phi ixT r t (v ix)
+
+unfoldSelective' :: (EqFam phi, RecProductionRule p phi r) =>
+  UnfoldDepth phi ->
+  RPWGrammar p phi ixT r r t ->
+  (forall ix. phi ix -> p (r ix))
+unfoldSelective' sel gram idx =
+  let
+    rg idx' = if sel idx' > 0
+              then unfoldSelective' (modifyUnfoldDepth sel (flip (-) 1) idx) gram idx'
+             else ref idx'
+  in unRPWRule (gram idx) rg
+
+-- | Selectively unfold a given context-free grammar according to a 
+-- given 'UnfoldDepth'.
+unfoldSelective :: (EqFam phi) =>
+  UnfoldDepth phi ->
+  ProcessingContextFreeGrammar phi t r ->
+  ProcessingContextFreeGrammar phi t r
+unfoldSelective sel gram idx = unfoldSelective' sel gram idx
+
+-- | Selectively unfold a given extended context-free grammar
+-- according to a given 'UnfoldDepth'.
+unfoldSelectiveE :: (EqFam phi) =>
+  UnfoldDepth phi ->
+  ProcessingExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r ->
+  ProcessingExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r
+unfoldSelectiveE sel gram idx =
+  let
+    rg idx' = if sel idx' > 0
+             then unfoldSelective' (modifyUnfoldDepth sel (flip (-) 1) idx') gram idx'
+             else ref idx'
+  in unRPWRule (gram idx) rg
+
+-- | Unfold a given context-free rule by replacing all references to
+-- non-terminals with the production rule for that non-terminal in 
+-- a given processing context-free grammar.
+unfoldRule :: ContextFreeRule phi r t v -> 
+              ProcessingContextFreeGrammar phi t r ->
+              ContextFreeRule phi r t v
+unfoldRule r g = unRPWRule r g
+
+-- | Unfold a given extended context-free rule by replacing all
+-- references to
+-- non-terminals with the production rule for that non-terminal in 
+-- a given processing extended context-free grammar.
+unfoldRuleE :: ExtendedContextFreeRule phi r t v -> 
+              ProcessingExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r ->
+              ExtendedContextFreeRule phi r t v
+unfoldRuleE r g = unRPWRule r g
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/UniformPaull.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/UniformPaull.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Transform/UniformPaull.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE EmptyDataDecls #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE GADTs #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE NoMonomorphismRestriction #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TypeOperators #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.UniformPaull (
+    UPDomain ( UPBase, UPHead, UPTail )
+  , UPBaseIx, UPHeadIx, UPTailIx
+  , UPValue ( UPBV, UPHV, UPTV )
+  , unUPBV, unUPHV, unUPTV
+  , transformUniformPaull
+  , transformUniformPaullE
+  , transformUniformPaullLE
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+
+import Control.Monad (ap, liftM2)
+
+import Data.Maybe (isJust, fromMaybe)
+
+import Language.Haskell.TH.Syntax
+
+data UPBaseIx ix
+data UPHeadIx ix
+data UPTailIx ix 
+
+data UPDomain phi ix where
+  UPBase :: phi ix -> UPDomain phi (UPBaseIx ix)
+  UPHead :: phi ix -> UPDomain phi (UPHeadIx ix)
+  UPTail :: phi ix -> UPDomain phi (UPTailIx ix)
+
+instance (FoldFam phi) => FoldFam (UPDomain phi) where
+  foldFam (f :: forall ix. UPDomain phi ix -> b -> b) =
+    foldFam (\idx -> f (UPBase idx) . f (UPHead idx) . f (UPTail idx))
+
+instance (ShowFam phi) => ShowFam (UPDomain phi) where
+  showIdx (UPBase idx) = showIdx idx
+  showIdx (UPHead idx) = showIdx idx ++ "_head"
+  showIdx (UPTail idx) = showIdx idx ++ "_tail"
+
+instance (LiftFam phi) => LiftFam (UPDomain phi) where
+  liftIdxE (UPBase idx) = AppE (ConE 'UPBase) $ liftIdxE idx
+  liftIdxE (UPHead idx) = AppE (ConE 'UPHead) $ liftIdxE idx
+  liftIdxE (UPTail idx) = AppE (ConE 'UPTail) $ liftIdxE idx
+  liftIdxP (UPBase idx) = ConP 'UPBase [liftIdxP idx]
+  liftIdxP (UPHead idx) = ConP 'UPHead [liftIdxP idx]
+  liftIdxP (UPTail idx) = ConP 'UPTail [liftIdxP idx]
+
+instance (EqFam phi) => EqFam (UPDomain phi) where
+  overrideIdx f (UPBase idx) v (UPBase idx') =
+    unSubVal $ overrideIdx (MkSubVal . f . UPBase) idx (MkSubVal v) idx'
+  overrideIdx f (UPHead idx) v (UPHead idx') =
+    unSubVal $ overrideIdx (MkSubVal . f . UPHead) idx (MkSubVal v) idx'
+  overrideIdx f (UPTail idx) v (UPTail idx') =
+    unSubVal $ overrideIdx (MkSubVal . f . UPTail) idx (MkSubVal v) idx'
+  overrideIdx f _ _ idx' = f idx'
+
+instance DomainMap (UPDomain phi) phi UPBaseIx where
+  supIx = UPBase
+  subIx (UPBase idx) = idx
+  
+instance DomainMap (UPDomain phi) phi UPHeadIx where
+  supIx = UPHead
+  subIx (UPHead idx) = idx
+
+instance DomainMap (UPDomain phi) phi UPTailIx where
+  supIx = UPTail
+  subIx (UPTail idx) = idx
+
+instance (MemoFam phi) => MemoFam (UPDomain phi) where
+  data Memo (UPDomain phi) v = UPMemo (Memo phi (SubVal UPBaseIx v)) (Memo phi (SubVal UPHeadIx v)) (Memo phi (SubVal UPTailIx v)) 
+  fromMemo (UPMemo mb _ _) (UPBase idx) = unSubVal $ fromMemo mb idx
+  fromMemo (UPMemo _ mh _) (UPHead idx) = unSubVal $ fromMemo mh idx
+  fromMemo (UPMemo _ _ mt) (UPTail idx) = unSubVal $ fromMemo mt idx 
+  toMemo f = UPMemo (toMemo $ MkSubVal . f . UPBase) (toMemo $ MkSubVal . f . UPHead) (toMemo $ MkSubVal . f . UPTail)
+
+instance Domain phi => Domain (UPDomain phi)
+
+data family UPValue (r :: * -> *) ix
+data instance UPValue r (UPBaseIx ix) = UPBV { unUPBV :: r ix } deriving (Show)
+data instance UPValue r (UPHeadIx ix) = UPHV { unUPHV :: r ix } deriving (Show)
+data instance UPValue r (UPTailIx ix) = UPTV { unUPTV :: r ix -> r ix }
+
+data TransformUPIntRule p surrIx (phi :: * -> *) (r :: * -> *) v = 
+  MkTUPIR {
+    tlclwRecursionLimitActive :: forall ix. phi ix -> Bool,
+    tlclwEmpty :: forall ix. phi ix -> Maybe (p v),
+    tlclwHead :: forall ix. phi ix -> p v,
+    tlclwTail :: phi surrIx -> [(Bool, p (r surrIx -> v))],
+    tlclwFull :: p v
+    }
+
+newtype TransformUPWrapper p surrIx unused1 unused2 (phi :: * -> *) ixT (r :: * -> *) t v =
+  MkTUPW {
+    tUPRuleForGrammar ::
+       TransformUPGrammar p surrIx phi ixT r t ->
+       TransformUPIntRule p surrIx phi r v
+    }
+
+type TransformUPGrammar p surrIx phi ixT r t =
+  forall ix. phi ix ->
+  TransformUPWrapper p surrIx (UPDomain phi) (UPValue r) phi ixT r t (r ix)
+
+mkSimpleTUPW :: (ProductionRule p) => p v ->
+                 TransformUPWrapper p surrIx unused1 unused2 phi ixT r t v
+mkSimpleTUPW r =
+  MkTUPW $ \_ -> MkTUPIR (const False) (const Nothing) (const r) (const []) r 
+
+mkEpsTUPW :: (ProductionRule p, EpsProductionRule p) => v ->
+               TransformUPWrapper p surrIx unused1 unused2 phi ixT r t v
+mkEpsTUPW v =
+  MkTUPW $ \_ -> MkTUPIR (const False) (const $ Just $ epsilon v) (const die) (const [(True, epsilon (const v))]) $ epsilon v
+
+mkEpsLTUPW :: (ProductionRule p, LiftableProductionRule p) => v -> Q Exp ->
+              TransformUPWrapper p surrIx unused1 unused2 phi ixT r t v
+mkEpsLTUPW v q =
+  MkTUPW $ \_ -> MkTUPIR (const False) (const $ Just $ epsilonL v q) (const die) (const [(True, epsilonL (const v) [| const $(q) |])]) $ epsilonL v q
+instance (ProductionRule p, LiftableProductionRule p) =>
+         ProductionRule (TransformUPWrapper p surrIx (UPDomain phi) (UPValue r) phi ixT r t) where
+  ra >>> rb = MkTUPW $ \g ->
+    let (MkTUPIR rlaa eas ha tas fa) = tUPRuleForGrammar ra g
+        (MkTUPIR rlab ebs hb tbs fb) = tUPRuleForGrammar rb g
+        rla idx = rlaa idx || ((isJust $ eas idx) && rlab idx)
+        es idx = liftM2 (>>>) (eas idx) (ebs idx)
+        hForEmptyA idx = case eas idx of Nothing -> die
+                                         Just rea -> rea >>> hb idx
+        h idx =   hForEmptyA idx
+              ||| ha idx >>> fb
+        ts surrIdx =
+          do (ea, ta) <- tas surrIdx
+             if ea
+               then do (eb,tb) <- tbs surrIdx
+                       return (eb, epsilonL ap [| ap |] >>> ta >>> tb)
+               else return (False, epsilonL flip [| flip |] >>> ta >>> fb)
+        f = fa >>> fb
+    in MkTUPIR rla es h ts f
+  ra ||| rb = MkTUPW $ \g -> 
+    let (MkTUPIR rlaa eas ha tas fa) = tUPRuleForGrammar ra g
+        (MkTUPIR rlab ebs hb tbs fb) = tUPRuleForGrammar rb g
+        rla idx = rlaa idx || rlab idx
+        es idx = liftM2 (|||) (eas idx) (ebs idx)
+        h idx = ha idx ||| hb idx
+        ts surrIdx = tas surrIdx ++ tbs surrIdx
+    in MkTUPIR rla es h ts $ fa ||| fb
+  endOfInput = mkSimpleTUPW endOfInput
+  die = MkTUPW $ \_ -> MkTUPIR (const False) (const Nothing) (const die) (const []) die
+
+instance (EpsProductionRule p) =>
+         EpsProductionRule (TransformUPWrapper p surrIx (UPDomain phi) (UPValue r) phi ixT r t) where
+  epsilon = mkEpsTUPW
+
+instance (LiftableProductionRule p) =>
+         LiftableProductionRule (TransformUPWrapper p surrIx (UPDomain phi) (UPValue r) phi ixT r t) where
+  epsilonL = mkEpsLTUPW
+
+instance (TokenProductionRule p t, ProductionRule p) =>
+         TokenProductionRule (TransformUPWrapper p surrIx (UPDomain phi) (UPValue r) phi ixT r t) t where
+  token tt = mkSimpleTUPW $ token tt
+
+tlclTailRef :: (LiftableProductionRule p, LoopProductionRule p (UPDomain phi) (UPValue r)) =>
+               phi ix -> p ([r ix -> r ix])
+tlclTailRef idx = epsilonL (map unUPTV) [|map unUPTV|] >>> manyRef (UPTail idx) 
+
+data WrapTransformUPWrapper p surrIx phi ixT r t ix = WrapTUPW {
+  unWrapTUPW :: TransformUPWrapper p surrIx (UPDomain phi) (UPValue r) phi ixT r t (r ix)
+  }
+
+failHeadRefsTo :: (EqFam phi, ProductionRule p) =>
+                  TransformUPGrammar p surrIx phi ixT r t -> phi ix ->
+                  TransformUPGrammar p surrIx phi ixT r t 
+failHeadRefsTo g idx idx' = 
+  let
+    nr = MkTUPW $ \g' -> 
+      let (MkTUPIR _ _ _ _ rf) = tUPRuleForGrammar (g' idx) g'
+      in (MkTUPIR (eqIdx idx) (const Nothing) (\_ -> die) (\_ -> []) rf)
+  in unWrapTUPW $ overrideIdx (WrapTUPW . g) idx (WrapTUPW nr) idx'
+
+succeedTailRefs :: forall p surrIx phi ixT r t . (EqFam phi, ProductionRule p, LiftableProductionRule p) =>
+                  TransformUPGrammar p surrIx phi ixT r t -> phi surrIx ->
+                  TransformUPGrammar p surrIx phi ixT r t 
+succeedTailRefs g idx idx' = 
+  let
+    nr = MkTUPW $ \g' -> 
+      let (MkTUPIR rla es rh _ rf) = tUPRuleForGrammar (g' idx) g'
+      in (MkTUPIR rla es rh (\_ -> [(False, epsilonL id [|id|])]) rf)
+  in unWrapTUPW $ overrideIdx (WrapTUPW . g) idx (WrapTUPW nr) idx'
+
+instance (RecProductionRule p (UPDomain phi) (UPValue r),
+          LiftableProductionRule p,
+          EqFam phi,
+          LoopProductionRule p (UPDomain phi) (UPValue r)) => 
+         RecProductionRule (TransformUPWrapper p surrIx (UPDomain phi) (UPValue r) phi ixT r t) phi r where
+  ref (idx :: phi ix) =
+    MkTUPW $ \g -> 
+    let g' :: TransformUPGrammar p surrIx phi ixT r t
+        g' = failHeadRefsTo g idx
+        MkTUPIR rla eas ha tas _ = tUPRuleForGrammar (g idx) g'
+        h :: forall ix'. phi ix' -> p (r ix)
+        h idx' = if rla idx' -- use True to turn off optimization
+                 then epsilonL (foldr ($)) [| foldr ($) |] >>>
+                      (hForEmptyHead idx' ||| ha idx') >>>
+                      tlclTailRef idx
+                 else f
+        es idx' = if rla idx' -- use True to turn off optimization
+                  then eas idx'
+                  else Nothing
+        hForEmptyHead :: forall ix' . phi ix' -> p (r ix)
+        hForEmptyHead idx' = fromMaybe die $ eas idx'
+        f = epsilonL unUPBV [|unUPBV|] >>> ref (UPBase idx)
+    in MkTUPIR rla es h tas f 
+
+data WrapListOfTailHeadManys p surrIx phi ixT r t ix = WLOTHM {
+  unWLOTHM :: [(Bool, p (r ix -> [r surrIx]))]
+  }
+instance (EqFam phi,
+          LiftableProductionRule p,
+          LoopProductionRule p (UPDomain phi) (UPValue r)) => 
+         LoopProductionRule (TransformUPWrapper p surrIx (UPDomain phi) (UPValue r) phi ixT r t) phi r where
+  -- TODO: fix!
+  manyRef (idx :: phi ix) =
+    MkTUPW $ \_ -> 
+    let tix :: p (r ix -> [r ix])
+        tix = (flip (:) . map unUPBV, [| flip (:) . map unUPBV |]) $|>> manyRef (UPBase idx)
+        ts :: phi surrIx -> [(Bool, p (r surrIx -> [r ix]))]
+        ts surrIdx = unWLOTHM $ overrideIdx (\_ -> WLOTHM []) idx (WLOTHM [(False, tix)]) surrIdx
+        f = (map unUPBV, [|map unUPBV|]) $|>> manyRef (UPBase idx)
+    in MkTUPIR (\_ -> False) (const $ Just $ epsilonL [] [| [] |]) (const f) ts f 
+  many1Ref (idx :: phi ix) =
+    MkTUPW $ \_ -> 
+    let tix :: p (r ix -> [r ix])
+        tix = (flip (:) . map unUPBV, [| flip (:) . map unUPBV |]) $|>> many1Ref (UPBase idx)
+        ts :: phi surrIx -> [(Bool, p (r surrIx -> [r ix]))]
+        ts surrIdx = unWLOTHM $ overrideIdx (\_ -> WLOTHM []) idx (WLOTHM [(False, tix)]) surrIdx
+        f = (map unUPBV, [|map unUPBV|]) $|>> many1Ref (UPBase idx)
+    in MkTUPIR (\_ -> False) (const Nothing) (const f) ts f 
+
+transformUniformPaull' ::
+  forall p phi t r ix. 
+  (Domain phi, 
+   RecProductionRule p (UPDomain phi) (UPValue r),
+   LiftableProductionRule p,
+   LoopProductionRule p (UPDomain phi) (UPValue r),
+   TokenProductionRule p t) =>
+  (forall ixT ix' surrIx.
+   phi ix' ->
+   TransformUPWrapper p surrIx (UPDomain phi) (UPValue r) phi ixT r t (r ix')) ->
+  UPDomain phi ix -> p (UPValue r ix)
+transformUniformPaull' _ (UPBase idx) = 
+  let
+    ruleHead = epsilonL unUPHV [|unUPHV|] >>> ref (UPHead idx)
+    br = epsilonL (foldr ($)) [|foldr ($)|] >>> ruleHead >>> tlclTailRef idx
+  in epsilonL UPBV [|UPBV|] >>> br
+transformUniformPaull' bgram (UPHead (idx :: phi ix'')) = 
+  let
+    intRule :: TransformUPIntRule p ix'' phi r (r ix'')
+    intRule = tUPRuleForGrammar (bgram idx) (bgram `failHeadRefsTo` idx)
+    ur :: p (r ix'')
+    ur =   tlclwHead intRule idx
+       ||| (fromMaybe die $ tlclwEmpty intRule idx)
+  in epsilonL UPHV [| UPHV |] >>> ur
+transformUniformPaull' bgram (UPTail (idx :: phi ix')) = 
+  let
+    intRule = tUPRuleForGrammar (bgram idx) (bgram `succeedTailRefs` idx)
+    ur = foldr ((|||) . snd) die $ filter (not . fst) $ tlclwTail intRule idx
+  in epsilonL UPTV [|UPTV|] >>> ur
+
+-- | Apply a uniform variant of the classic Paull transformation to a given grammar,
+-- removing direct and indirect left recursion.
+transformUniformPaull ::
+  forall phi t r. Domain phi =>
+  ProcessingContextFreeGrammar phi t r ->
+  ProcessingExtendedContextFreeGrammar (UPDomain phi) t (UPValue r)
+transformUniformPaull gram idx = transformUniformPaull' gram idx
+
+-- | Apply a uniform variant of the classic Paull transformation to a given extended grammar,
+-- removing direct and indirect left recursion.
+transformUniformPaullE ::
+  forall phi t r. Domain phi =>
+  ProcessingExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r ->
+  ProcessingExtendedContextFreeGrammar (UPDomain phi) t (UPValue r)
+transformUniformPaullE gram idx = transformUniformPaull' gram idx
+
+-- | Apply a uniform variant of the classic Paull transformation to a given extended liftable grammar,
+-- removing direct and indirect left recursion.
+transformUniformPaullLE ::
+  forall phi t r. Domain phi =>
+  ProcessingLExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r ->
+  ProcessingLExtendedContextFreeGrammar (UPDomain phi) t (UPValue r)
+transformUniformPaullLE gram idx = transformUniformPaull' gram idx
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/AssessSize.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/AssessSize.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/AssessSize.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.AssessSize (
+  assessSize
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+
+newtype AssessSizeProductionRule (phi :: * -> *) (r :: * -> *) t v = ASPR {
+  assessSizeRule :: Int
+  }
+
+instance ProductionRule (AssessSizeProductionRule phi r t) where
+  endOfInput = ASPR 1 
+  die = ASPR 1
+  a ||| b = ASPR $ assessSizeRule a + assessSizeRule b
+  a >>> b = ASPR $ assessSizeRule a + assessSizeRule b
+
+instance EpsProductionRule (AssessSizeProductionRule phi r t) where
+  epsilon _ = ASPR 1 
+
+instance LiftableProductionRule (AssessSizeProductionRule phi r t) where
+  epsilonL _ _ = ASPR 1 
+
+instance (Token t) => TokenProductionRule (AssessSizeProductionRule phi r t) t where
+  token _ = ASPR 1
+
+instance RecProductionRule (AssessSizeProductionRule phi r t) phi r where
+  ref _ = ASPR 1
+
+instance LoopProductionRule (AssessSizeProductionRule phi r t) phi r where
+  manyRef _ = ASPR 1
+  many1Ref _ = ASPR 1
+
+-- | Assess the size of a given grammar. Primitive rules ('token', 'ref', 'manyRef', 'many1Ref', 'epsilon')
+--   are counted as 1 point, combinators like '|||' or '>>>' just add the points of their left and
+--   right hand sides. Proposals for better metrics are welcome.
+assessSize :: forall phi r t rr . (Token t, FoldFam phi) =>
+              GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr -> Int
+assessSize gram =
+  let
+    f idx = assessSizeRule $ gram idx
+  in foldFam ((+) . f) 0
+    
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/CalcFirst.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/CalcFirst.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/CalcFirst.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.CalcFirst (
+  FirstSet (FS, firstSet, canBeEmpty, canBeEOI),
+  calcFirst
+  ) where
+
+import Data.Set (Set, union, singleton)
+import qualified Data.Set as Set
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+
+data (Token t) => FirstSet t = 
+  FS {
+    firstSet :: Set t,
+    canBeEmpty :: Bool, 
+    canBeEOI :: Bool
+    } deriving (Show)
+
+newtype FSCalculator phi (r :: * -> *) t rr v = MkFSCalculator {
+  calcFS :: FirstSetGrammar phi r t rr -> FirstSet t
+  }
+type FirstSetGrammar phi r t rr =
+  forall ix. phi ix -> FSCalculator phi r t rr (rr ix)
+
+instance (Token t) => ProductionRule (FSCalculator phi r t rr) where
+  a >>> b = MkFSCalculator $ \g ->
+    let FS fsa ea fa = calcFS a g
+        FS fsb eb fb = calcFS b g
+    in FS (if ea then fsa `union` fsb else fsa) (ea && eb) (fa || (ea && fb))
+  a ||| b = MkFSCalculator $ \g ->
+    let fa = calcFS a g
+        fb = calcFS b g
+    in FS { 
+      firstSet = firstSet fa `union` firstSet fb, 
+      canBeEmpty = canBeEmpty fa || canBeEmpty fb,
+      canBeEOI = canBeEOI fa || canBeEOI fb }
+  die = MkFSCalculator $ \_ -> FS Set.empty False False
+  endOfInput = MkFSCalculator $ \_ -> FS Set.empty False True 
+
+instance (Token t) => EpsProductionRule (FSCalculator phi r t rr) where
+  epsilon _ = MkFSCalculator $ \_ -> FS Set.empty True False
+
+instance (Token t) => LiftableProductionRule (FSCalculator phi r t rr) where
+  epsilonL _ _ = MkFSCalculator $ \_ -> FS Set.empty True False
+
+newtype WrapFSC phi r t rr ix = WFSC { unWFSC :: FSCalculator phi r t rr (rr ix) }
+
+blockRecurse :: (EqFam phi, Token t) =>
+                FirstSetGrammar phi r t rr -> phi idx -> FirstSetGrammar phi r t rr
+blockRecurse gram idx = unWFSC . overrideIdx (WFSC . gram) idx (WFSC die)
+
+instance (Token t) => TokenProductionRule (FSCalculator phi r t rr) t where
+  token c = MkFSCalculator $ \_ -> FS (singleton c) False False
+instance (Token t, EqFam phi) => RecProductionRule (FSCalculator phi r t rr) phi r where
+  ref idx = MkFSCalculator $ \g -> calcFS (g idx) $ blockRecurse g idx
+instance (Token t, EqFam phi) => LoopProductionRule (FSCalculator phi r t rr) phi r where
+  -- first-set-wise, many1ref is identical to ref
+  -- manyRef will be defaulted correctly
+  many1Ref idx = MkFSCalculator $ \g -> calcFS (ref idx) g 
+
+calcFirst :: (Domain phi, Token t) =>
+                GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+                phi ix -> FirstSet t
+calcFirst g idx = calcFS (ref idx) g
+
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/EnumTokens.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/EnumTokens.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/EnumTokens.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.EnumTokens ( 
+  enumRuleTokens,
+  enumTokens,
+  enumAllTokens
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.IsReachable
+
+newtype EnumTokensRule (phi :: * -> *) (r :: * -> *) t v = ETR {
+  unETR :: [t]
+  }
+
+instance ProductionRule (EnumTokensRule phi r t) where
+  die = ETR []
+  endOfInput = ETR []
+  a ||| b = ETR $ unETR a ++ unETR b
+  a >>> b = ETR $ unETR a ++ unETR b
+
+instance LiftableProductionRule (EnumTokensRule phi r t) where
+  epsilonL v _ = epsilon v
+
+instance EpsProductionRule (EnumTokensRule phi r t) where
+  epsilon _ = ETR []
+
+instance (Token t) => TokenProductionRule (EnumTokensRule phi r t) t where
+  token t = ETR [t]
+
+instance (ShowFam phi) => RecProductionRule (EnumTokensRule phi r t) phi r where
+  ref _ = ETR []
+
+instance (ShowFam phi) => LoopProductionRule (EnumTokensRule phi r t) phi r where
+  manyRef _ = ETR []
+  many1Ref _ = ETR []
+
+-- | Enumerate all tokens that can be present in any match of a given production rule.
+enumRuleTokens :: (Domain phi, Token t) =>
+                  ExtendedContextFreeRule phi r t v -> [t]
+enumRuleTokens rule = unETR rule
+
+enumTokens' :: forall phi t r rr . (Token t, Domain phi) =>
+               ((forall ix. phi ix -> [t] -> [t]) -> [t] -> [t]) ->
+               GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr -> [t]
+enumTokens' fold' grammar =
+  let
+    addRuleTokens :: forall ix. phi ix -> [t] -> [t]
+    addRuleTokens idx b = enumRuleTokens (grammar idx) ++ b
+  in fold' addRuleTokens []
+
+-- | Enumerate all tokens that can be present in any match of any string that can be matched 
+--   by a given non-terminal in a given grammar.
+enumTokens :: (Token t, Domain phi) => GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr -> phi ix -> [t]
+enumTokens g idx = enumTokens' (foldReachable g idx) g
+
+-- | Enumerate all tokens that can be present in any match of any string that can be matched 
+--   by any non-terminal in a given grammar.
+enumAllTokens :: (Token t, Domain phi) => GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr -> [t]
+enumAllTokens = enumTokens' foldFam 
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/EnumerateGrammar.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/EnumerateGrammar.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/EnumerateGrammar.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.EnumerateGrammar where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.FoldLoops
+
+type EnumerateParserInternalGrammar phi t = forall ix . phi ix -> Int -> [[ConcreteToken t]]
+
+newtype EnumerateProductionRule phi ixT r t v = IPP {
+  printIPP :: EnumerateParserInternalGrammar phi t -> Int -> [[ConcreteToken t]]
+  }
+
+instance ProductionRule (EnumerateProductionRule phi ixT r t) where
+  endOfInput = IPP $ \_ _ -> [[]]
+  die = IPP $ \_ _ -> []
+  a ||| b = IPP $ \g d -> printIPP a g d ++ printIPP b g d
+  a >>> b = IPP $ \g d -> do x <- printIPP a g d
+                             y <- printIPP b g d
+                             return $ x ++ y
+
+instance LiftableProductionRule (EnumerateProductionRule phi ixT r t) where
+  epsilonL v _ = epsilon v
+
+instance EpsProductionRule (EnumerateProductionRule phi ixT r t) where
+  epsilon _ = IPP $ \_ _ -> [[]]
+
+instance (Token t) => TokenProductionRule (EnumerateProductionRule phi ixT r t) t where
+  token t = IPP $ \_ _ -> map (:[]) $ enumConcreteTokens t
+
+instance RecProductionRule (EnumerateProductionRule phi ixT r t) phi r where
+  ref idx = IPP $ \g d -> if d > 0 then g idx $ d-1 else []
+
+type EnumerateGrammar phi ixT (r :: * -> *) t rr = forall ix. phi ix -> EnumerateProductionRule phi ixT r t (rr ix)
+
+enumerateGrammar :: forall phi r t rr ix. (Token t, FoldFam phi, ShowFam phi) =>
+                    GContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr -> Int -> phi ix -> [[ConcreteToken t]]
+enumerateGrammar gram depth idx =
+  let
+    igram :: EnumerateGrammar phi ixT r t rr 
+    igram = gram
+    intgram :: EnumerateParserInternalGrammar phi t
+    intgram idx' = printIPP (igram idx') intgram
+  in intgram idx depth
+    
+enumerateGrammarE ::
+  forall phi r t rr ix. (Token t, FoldFam phi, ShowFam phi) =>
+  GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr -> Int -> phi ix -> [[ConcreteToken t]]
+enumerateGrammarE gram depth idx =
+  enumerateGrammar (foldLoops gram) depth (FLBase idx)
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/IsChainNT.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/IsChainNT.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/IsChainNT.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.IsChainNT (
+  isChainNT
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+
+-- A rule is a chain rule if it is a sequence of epsilons followed by
+-- a single reference to another NT, possibly followed by more epsilons
+data IsChainNT (phi :: * -> *) (r :: * -> *) t rr v = MkITR {
+  ruleIsEpsilon :: Bool,
+  ruleIsChain :: Bool
+  }
+
+instance ProductionRule (IsChainNT phi r t rr) where
+  ra >>> rb = 
+    let eps = ruleIsEpsilon ra && ruleIsEpsilon rb
+        chain = ruleIsChain ra && ruleIsEpsilon rb ||
+               ruleIsChain rb && ruleIsEpsilon ra
+    in MkITR eps chain
+  _ ||| _ = MkITR False False
+  die = MkITR False False
+  endOfInput = MkITR False False
+
+instance EpsProductionRule (IsChainNT phi r t rr) where
+  epsilon _ = MkITR True False
+
+instance LiftableProductionRule (IsChainNT phi r t rr) where
+  epsilonL _ _ = MkITR True False
+
+instance TokenProductionRule (IsChainNT phi r t rr) t where
+  token _ = MkITR False False
+
+instance (EqFam phi) => RecProductionRule (IsChainNT phi r t rr) phi r where
+  ref _ = MkITR False True
+
+instance (EqFam phi) => LoopProductionRule (IsChainNT phi r t rr) phi r where
+  manyRef _ = MkITR False False
+
+-- | Detect if a given non-terminal in a given extended context free 
+-- grammar is a chain non-terminal. An NT is a chain NT if all of
+-- its productions are chain rules.
+isChainNT :: (EqFam phi) => GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr -> phi idx -> Bool
+isChainNT gram idx = ruleIsChain (gram idx)
+
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/IsDead.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/IsDead.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/IsDead.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.IsDead (
+  isDead
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.UnfoldDepthFirst
+
+import Data.Maybe
+
+import Control.Monad.State
+
+data KnownDead phi = MkKD { knownDead :: forall ix. phi ix -> Maybe Bool }
+newtype IsDeadRule phi (r :: * -> *) t (rr :: * -> *) v = MkIDR {
+  -- second bool means dead or not
+  -- first bool means dead state influenced by recursion cut-off
+  ruleIsDead :: State (KnownDead phi) (Bool, Bool)
+  }
+cast :: IsDeadRule phi r t rr v -> IsDeadRule phi r t rr v'
+cast = MkIDR . ruleIsDead
+
+seqDead :: (Bool, Bool) -> (Bool, Bool) -> (Bool, Bool)
+seqDead (False, True) _ = (False, True)
+seqDead _ (False, True) = (False, True)
+seqDead (ra, da) (rb, db) = (ra || rb, da || db)
+altDead :: (Bool, Bool) -> (Bool, Bool) -> (Bool, Bool)
+altDead (False, False) _ = (False, False)
+altDead _ (False, False) = (False, False)
+altDead (ra, da) (rb, db) = (ra || rb, da && db)
+
+instance ProductionRule (IsDeadRule phi r t rr) where
+  ra >>> rb = MkIDR $ liftM2 seqDead (ruleIsDead ra) (ruleIsDead rb)
+  ra ||| rb = MkIDR $ liftM2 altDead (ruleIsDead ra) (ruleIsDead rb)
+  die = MkIDR $ return (False, True)
+  endOfInput = MkIDR $ return (False, False)
+
+instance EpsProductionRule (IsDeadRule phi r t rr) where
+  epsilon _ = MkIDR $ return (False, False)
+
+instance LiftableProductionRule (IsDeadRule phi r t rr) where
+  epsilonL _ _ = MkIDR $ return (False, False)
+
+instance TokenProductionRule (IsDeadRule phi r t rr) t where
+  token _ = MkIDR $ return (False, False)
+
+instance (EqFam phi, MemoFam phi) =>
+         SimpleRecProductionRule (IsDeadRule phi r t rr) phi r rr where
+  ref' idx r = MkIDR $ do kds <- get
+                          case knownDead kds idx of
+                            (Just kd) -> return (False, kd)
+                            _ -> do (rl,d) <- ruleIsDead r 
+                                    unless rl $ putDeath idx d 
+                                    return (rl, d)
+  cutRecursion _ = MkIDR $ return (True, True)
+  
+instance (EqFam phi, MemoFam phi) =>
+         SimpleLoopProductionRule (IsDeadRule phi r t rr) phi r rr where
+  manyRef' _ _ = MkIDR $ return (False, False)
+  many1Ref' idx r = cast (ref' idx r)
+
+putDeath :: (EqFam phi, MemoFam phi) => phi ix -> Bool ->
+            State (KnownDead phi) ()
+putDeath idx d =
+  do let setDead kd = MkKD $ memoFamilyK $ overrideIdxK (knownDead kd) idx $ Just d
+     modify setDead
+
+-- this is dead slow atm, we must be able to do better..
+-- isDead1 :: forall phi t r rr ix. (EqFam phi, MemoFam phi) =>
+--            GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+--            phi ix -> Bool
+-- isDead1 gram idx = 
+--   let 
+--     ikd :: KnownDead phi
+--     ikd = MkKD $ \_ -> Nothing
+--   in snd $ evalState (ruleIsDead (unfoldDepthFirst gram idx)) ikd
+
+-- | Detect if a given non-terminal in a given grammar is dead. A 
+-- non-terminal is dead if its production rule can never match
+-- anything.
+isDead :: forall phi t r rr ix. (EqFam phi, FoldFam phi, MemoFam phi) =>
+          GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+          phi ix -> Bool
+isDead gram = 
+  let
+    ikd :: KnownDead phi
+    ikd = MkKD $ \_ -> Nothing
+    checkDead idx =
+      do (_,d) <- ruleIsDead (unfoldDepthFirst gram idx)
+         putDeath idx d
+    checkAll = foldFam ((>>) . checkDead) (return ())
+  in fromJust . knownDead (execState checkAll ikd)
+ 
+-- foldDead :: forall phi r t rr ix b. (Domain phi) => 
+--             GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi r t rr -> 
+--             (forall ix. phi ix -> b -> b) -> b -> b
+-- foldDead grammar f n = 
+--   let
+--     f' :: forall ix. phi ix -> b -> b
+--     f' idx n = if isDead grammar idx then f idx n else n
+--   in foldFam f' n
+     
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/IsEpsilon.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/IsEpsilon.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/IsEpsilon.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.IsEpsilon ( 
+  isEpsilon
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+
+newtype IsEpsilonRule (phi :: * -> *) (r :: * -> *) t v = MkIER {
+  unIER :: Bool
+  }
+                        
+instance ProductionRule (IsEpsilonRule phi r t) where
+  ra >>> rb = MkIER $ unIER ra && unIER rb
+  ra ||| rb = MkIER $ unIER ra && unIER rb
+  die = MkIER False
+  endOfInput = MkIER False
+
+instance LiftableProductionRule (IsEpsilonRule phi r t) where
+  epsilonL v _ = epsilon v
+
+instance EpsProductionRule (IsEpsilonRule phi r t) where
+  epsilon _ = MkIER True
+
+instance TokenProductionRule (IsEpsilonRule phi r t) t where
+  token _ = MkIER False
+  
+instance RecProductionRule (IsEpsilonRule phi r t) phi r where
+  ref _ = MkIER False
+
+instance LoopProductionRule (IsEpsilonRule phi r t) phi r where
+  manyRef _ = MkIER False
+
+-- | Detect if a given context-free rule is an epsilon rule.
+isEpsilon :: ContextFreeRule phi r t v -> Bool
+isEpsilon r = unIER r
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/IsReachable.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/IsReachable.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/IsReachable.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.IsReachable (
+  foldReachable,
+  foldReachableProper,
+  isReachable,
+  isReachableProper
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.UnfoldDepthFirst
+
+import Control.Monad.State
+
+newtype SeenGram phi = MkSG { seenIdx :: forall ix. phi ix -> Bool }
+newtype Folder phi n = MkFF { foldIdxs :: (forall ix. phi ix -> n -> n) -> n -> n }
+newtype FoldReachableIntRule phi (r :: * -> *) t (rr :: * -> *) n v = MkFRIR {
+  foldRule :: State (SeenGram phi) (Folder phi n)
+  }
+combineFolders :: Folder phi n -> Folder phi n -> Folder phi n
+combineFolders a b = MkFF $ \f n -> foldIdxs a f $ foldIdxs b f n
+foldDeadEnd :: FoldReachableIntRule phi r t rr n v 
+foldDeadEnd = MkFRIR $ return $ MkFF $ \_ n -> n
+foldVia :: FoldReachableIntRule phi r t rr n v -> FoldReachableIntRule phi r t rr n v' -> FoldReachableIntRule phi r t rr n v''  
+foldVia ra rb = MkFRIR $ do fa <- foldRule ra
+                            fb <- foldRule rb
+                            return $ combineFolders fa fb
+setSeen :: (EqFam phi) => phi ix -> SeenGram phi -> SeenGram phi
+setSeen idx s = MkSG $ overrideIdxK (seenIdx s) idx True
+putSeen :: (EqFam phi) => phi ix -> State (SeenGram phi) ()
+putSeen idx = modify $ setSeen idx
+noFold :: Folder phi n
+noFold = MkFF $ const id
+foldIdx :: phi ix -> Folder phi n
+foldIdx idx = MkFF $ \f n -> f idx n
+foldRef :: (EqFam phi) =>
+           phi ix -> FoldReachableIntRule phi r t rr n (rr ix) -> 
+           FoldReachableIntRule phi r t rr n v
+foldRef idx r = MkFRIR $ do s <- get
+                            if seenIdx s idx
+                              then return noFold
+                              else do putSeen idx
+                                      frec <- foldRule r 
+                                      return $ combineFolders frec $ foldIdx idx
+
+instance ProductionRule (FoldReachableIntRule phi r t rr n) where
+  ra >>> rb = foldVia ra rb
+  ra ||| rb = foldVia ra rb
+  die = foldDeadEnd
+  endOfInput = foldDeadEnd
+
+instance EpsProductionRule (FoldReachableIntRule phi r t rr n) where
+  epsilon _ = foldDeadEnd
+
+instance LiftableProductionRule (FoldReachableIntRule phi r t rr n) where
+  epsilonL _ _ = foldDeadEnd
+
+instance TokenProductionRule (FoldReachableIntRule phi r t rr n) t where
+  token _ = foldDeadEnd
+
+instance (EqFam phi) =>
+         SimpleRecProductionRule (FoldReachableIntRule phi r t rr n) phi r rr where
+  ref' = foldRef 
+
+instance (EqFam phi) =>
+         SimpleLoopProductionRule (FoldReachableIntRule phi r t rr n) phi r rr where
+  manyRef' = foldRef 
+  many1Ref' = foldRef 
+
+nothingSeen :: SeenGram phi
+nothingSeen = MkSG $ \_ -> False
+
+-- | Fold a given function over all non-terminals that are reachable 
+-- from a given non-terminal. This function is limited to proper
+-- reachable rules (see 'isReachableProper' for what that means).
+foldReachableProper :: forall phi r t rr ix n. (Domain phi) => 
+                       GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+                       phi ix ->
+                       (forall ix'. phi ix' -> n -> n) -> n -> n
+foldReachableProper grammar idx =
+  foldIdxs $ evalState (foldRule (unfoldDepthFirstProper grammar idx)) nothingSeen
+
+-- | Fold a given function over all non-terminals that are reachable 
+-- from a given non-terminal. This function will at least fold over the
+-- given non-terminal itself.
+foldReachable :: forall phi r rr t ix n. (Domain phi) => 
+                 GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+                 phi ix ->
+                 (forall ix'. phi ix' -> n -> n) -> n -> n
+foldReachable grammar idx =
+  foldIdxs $ evalState (foldRule (unfoldDepthFirst grammar idx)) nothingSeen
+
+isReachable' :: forall phi r t rr ix ix'. (Domain phi) => 
+               (forall n. 
+                GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr -> phi ix ->
+                (forall ix''. phi ix'' -> n -> n) -> n -> n) ->
+               GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+               phi ix -> phi ix' -> Bool
+isReachable' fold' g start end =
+  fold' g start ((||) . eqIdx end) False
+
+-- | Check if a given terminal is reachable from a given other grammar
+-- in a given extended context-free grammar. This function assumes
+-- that all grammars are reachable from themselves.
+isReachable :: forall phi r t rr ix ix'. (Domain phi) => 
+               GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+               phi ix -> phi ix' -> Bool
+isReachable = isReachable' foldReachable
+
+-- | Check if a given terminal is reachable from a given other grammar
+-- in a given extended context-free grammar. For this function, a non- 
+-- terminal is not automatically considered reachable from itself, but
+-- only if it has some production in which a submatch of itself is
+-- present.
+isReachableProper :: forall phi r t rr ix ix'. (Domain phi) => 
+                     GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+                     phi ix -> phi ix' -> Bool
+isReachableProper = isReachable' foldReachableProper
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/PrintGrammar.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/PrintGrammar.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/PrintGrammar.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.PrintGrammar (
+  printRule,
+  printGrammar,
+  printGrammarInf,
+  printReachableGrammar
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.IsReachable
+
+newtype PrintProductionRule (phi :: * -> *) (r :: * -> *) t v = IPP {
+  printIPP :: Bool -> Bool -> Integer -> String
+  }
+
+printIPPSub :: Integer -> Bool -> Bool -> PrintProductionRule phi r t v -> String
+printIPPSub d pd pc pp = if d > 0 then printIPP pp pd pc (d-1) else "..."
+
+instance ProductionRule (PrintProductionRule phi r t) where
+  die = IPP $ \_ _ _ -> "die"
+  endOfInput = IPP $ \_ _ _ -> "EOI"
+  a ||| b = IPP $ \pd _ d -> 
+    let t = printIPPSub d False True a ++ " | " ++ printIPPSub d False True b
+    in if pd then "(" ++ t ++ ")" else t
+  a >>> b = IPP $ \pd pc d ->
+    if printIPPSub d pd pc a == "epsilon"
+    then printIPPSub d pd pc b
+    else if printIPPSub d pd pc b == "epsilon"
+         then printIPPSub d pd pc a
+         else let t = printIPPSub d True False a ++ " " ++ printIPPSub d True False b
+              in if pc then "(" ++ t ++ ")" else t
+
+instance EpsProductionRule (PrintProductionRule phi r t) where
+  epsilon _ = IPP $ \_ _ _ -> "epsilon"
+
+instance LiftableProductionRule (PrintProductionRule phi r t) where
+  epsilonL _ _ = IPP $ \_ _ _ -> "epsilon"
+
+instance (Token t) => TokenProductionRule (PrintProductionRule phi r t) t where
+  token t = IPP $ \_ _ _ -> show t
+
+instance (ShowFam phi) => RecProductionRule (PrintProductionRule phi r t) phi r where
+  ref idx = IPP $ \_ _ _ -> "<" ++ showIdx idx ++ ">"
+
+instance (ShowFam phi) => LoopProductionRule (PrintProductionRule phi r t) phi r where
+  manyRef idx = IPP $ \_ _ _ -> "<" ++ showIdx idx ++ ">" ++ "*"
+  many1Ref idx = IPP $ \_ _ _ -> "<" ++ showIdx idx ++ ">" ++ "+"
+
+-- | Print out a single production rule
+printRule :: (Domain phi, Token t) => GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr -> Integer -> phi ix -> String
+printRule gram depth idx = "<" ++ showIdx idx ++ ">" ++ " ::= " ++ printIPP (gram idx) False False depth
+
+printGrammar' :: forall phi t r rr. (Domain phi, Token t) =>
+                 (forall b. (forall ix. phi ix -> b -> b) -> b -> b) ->
+                 GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr -> Integer -> String
+printGrammar' fold' gram depth =
+  unlines $ fold' ((:) . printRule gram depth) []
+
+-- close enough... 
+infinity :: Integer
+infinity = 999999999999999999999999999999
+
+-- | Print out a full grammar.
+printGrammar :: forall phi t r rr. (Domain phi, Token t) =>
+                GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr -> String
+printGrammar g = printGrammar' foldFam g infinity
+
+-- | Print out a grammar with a depth limit. Intended for infinite grammars.
+printGrammarInf :: forall phi t r rr. (Domain phi, Token t) =>
+                GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr -> Integer -> String
+printGrammarInf = printGrammar' foldFam 
+
+-- | Print out the part of a grammar that is reachable from a given non-terminal.
+printReachableGrammar ::
+  forall phi t r rr ix.
+  (Domain phi, Token t) =>
+  GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+  phi ix -> String
+printReachableGrammar gram idx = printGrammar' (foldReachable gram idx) gram infinity
+  
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/ToGraph.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/ToGraph.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/ToGraph.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.ToGraph (
+  ruleToGraph,
+  graphToGraphviz,
+  fullGrammarToGraph,
+  reachableGrammarToGraph,
+  showGraph
+  ) where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.IsReachable
+
+import Data.Graph.Inductive.Graph
+
+import Control.Monad.State
+import Control.Monad.Writer
+
+import Data.Graph.Inductive.PatriciaTree
+import Data.GraphViz
+
+newNode :: (MonadState (Int, Int) m) => m Int
+newNode = do (d, n) <- get
+             put (d, n + 1)
+             return n
+tell1 :: (MonadWriter [w] m) => w -> m ()
+tell1 w = tell [w]
+
+newtype GraphConstructor (phi :: * -> *) (r :: * -> *) t v =
+  MkGC {
+    constructContexts ::
+       Adj String -> Bool -> 
+       WriterT [Context String String] (State (Int, Int)) (Adj String)
+  }
+
+leafNode :: String -> Bool -> GraphConstructor phi r t v
+leafNode label eps = MkGC $ \parentEdge printeps ->
+     if not eps || printeps
+       then do ln <- newNode
+               tell1 (parentEdge, ln, label, [])
+               return [("",ln)]
+       else return parentEdge
+
+constructContextsSub :: GraphConstructor phi r t v -> Adj String ->
+                        Bool ->
+                        WriterT [Context String String] (State (Int, Int)) (Adj String)
+constructContextsSub r pe printeps = 
+  do (d, n) <- get
+     if d > 0
+       then put (d-1,n) >>
+            constructContexts r pe printeps
+       else do n' <- newNode
+               tell1 (pe, n', "(...)", [])
+               return []
+
+instance ProductionRule (GraphConstructor phi r t) where
+  ra >>> rb = MkGC $ \parentEdge printeps ->
+    do (d,_) <- get
+       pe <- constructContextsSub ra parentEdge False
+       if null pe
+         then return []
+         else do modify $ \(_,n) -> (d,n) -- do not ignore right branches if left ones are infinite...
+                 constructContextsSub rb pe printeps 
+  ra ||| rb = MkGC $ \parentEdge _ ->
+    do (d,_) <- get 
+       pea <- constructContextsSub ra parentEdge True
+       modify $ \(_,n) -> (d,n)
+       peb <- constructContextsSub rb parentEdge True
+       return $ pea ++ peb
+  endOfInput = leafNode "endOfInput" False
+  die = leafNode "die" False
+
+instance EpsProductionRule (GraphConstructor phi r t) where
+  epsilon _ = leafNode "epsilon" True
+
+instance LiftableProductionRule (GraphConstructor phi r t) where
+  epsilonL _ _ = leafNode "epsilon" True
+
+instance (Token t) => 
+         TokenProductionRule (GraphConstructor phi r t) t where
+  token tt = leafNode (show tt) False
+  
+instance (Domain phi) => RecProductionRule (GraphConstructor phi r t) phi r where
+  ref idx = leafNode ("<" ++ showIdx idx ++ ">") False
+
+instance (Domain phi) => LoopProductionRule (GraphConstructor phi r t) phi r where
+  manyRef idx = leafNode ("<" ++ showIdx idx ++ ">*") False
+
+ruleToGraph :: forall phi t r rr gr ix. (Token t, Domain phi, DynGraph gr) => 
+           Int -> GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+           phi ix -> gr String String
+ruleToGraph depth gram idx = buildGr $ snd $ ruleToContexts depth gram idx 0
+
+ruleToContexts :: forall phi t r rr ix. (Token t, Domain phi) => 
+           Int -> GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+           phi ix -> Int -> (Int, [Context String String])
+ruleToContexts depth gram idx sn =
+  let 
+    processNTDef :: phi ix ->
+                    WriterT [Context String String] (State (Int, Int)) (Adj String)
+    processNTDef idx' =
+      do ntNode <- newNode
+         tell1 ([], ntNode, showIdx idx', [])
+         let stAdj = [("", ntNode)]
+         constructContexts (gram idx') stAdj True
+    (contexts, (_,nsn)) = flip runState (depth, sn) $ execWriterT $ processNTDef idx
+  in (nsn, reverse contexts)
+
+graphvizParams :: GraphvizParams String String () String
+graphvizParams = Params {
+  isDirected = True, 
+  globalAttributes = [], 
+  clusterBy = N, 
+  clusterID = const Nothing,
+  fmtCluster = const [],
+  fmtNode = \(_,n) -> [Label $ StrLabel n],
+  fmtEdge = \(_,_,_) -> [] 
+  }
+
+graphToGraphviz :: Gr String String -> DotGraph Node
+graphToGraphviz gr = setID (Str "Grammar") $ graphToDot graphvizParams (gr :: Gr String String)
+
+grammarToContexts :: forall phi t r rr . (Token t, Domain phi) =>
+                     (forall b. (forall ix. phi ix -> b -> b) -> b -> b) ->
+                     Int -> GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+                     [Context String String]
+grammarToContexts fold' depth gram =
+  let
+      processRule idx (nsn, cs) = (nsn', cs ++ cs')
+        where (nsn', cs') = ruleToContexts depth gram idx nsn 
+  in snd $ fold' processRule (0,[])
+
+grammarToGraph :: forall phi t r rr gr . (Token t, Domain phi, DynGraph gr) => 
+                  (forall b. (forall ix. phi ix -> b -> b) -> b -> b) ->
+                  Int -> GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+                  gr String String
+grammarToGraph fold' depth gram = buildGr $ grammarToContexts fold' depth gram
+
+fullGrammarToGraph :: forall phi t r rr gr . (Token t, Domain phi, DynGraph gr) => 
+                      Int -> GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+                      gr String String
+fullGrammarToGraph = grammarToGraph foldFam
+reachableGrammarToGraph :: forall phi t r rr gr ix . (Token t, Domain phi, DynGraph gr) => 
+                  Int -> GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr -> phi ix ->
+                  gr String String
+reachableGrammarToGraph depth gram idx = grammarToGraph (foldReachable gram idx) depth gram
+
+void :: (Monad m) => m a -> m ()
+void m = m >> return ()
+
+showGraph :: (DotRepr dg n) => dg n -> IO ()
+showGraph gr = void $ runGraphvizCanvas' gr Xlib
diff --git a/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/UnfoldDepthFirst.hs b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/UnfoldDepthFirst.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Text/GrammarCombinators/Utils/UnfoldDepthFirst.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+{-  Copyright 2010 Dominique Devriese
+
+    This file is part of the grammar-combinators library.
+
+    The grammar-combinators library is free software: you can
+    redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+    Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+    Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+    your option) any later version.
+
+    Foobar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License along with Foobar. If not, see
+    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FunctionalDependencies #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+
+module Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.UnfoldDepthFirst where
+
+import Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+
+-- TODO: use UnfoldLoops and UnfoldRecursion instead of redoing everything?
+
+class (ProductionRule p) =>
+      SimpleRecProductionRule p phi r rr | p -> phi, p -> r, p -> rr where
+  ref' :: phi ix -> p (rr ix) -> p (r ix)
+  cutRecursion :: phi ix -> p (rr ix)
+  cutRecursion _ = die
+
+class SimpleLoopProductionRule p phi r rr | p -> phi, p -> r, p -> rr where
+  manyRef' :: phi ix -> p (rr ix) -> p [r ix]
+  many1Ref' :: phi ix -> p (rr ix) -> p [r ix]
+
+newtype UnfoldDepthFirstRule p (phi :: * -> *) (r :: * -> *) t (rr :: * -> *) v = MkFRR {
+  foldReachableFromRule :: UDFGrammar p phi r t rr ->
+                           p v
+  }
+
+type UDFGrammar p phi r t rr =
+  forall ix. phi ix -> p (rr ix)
+
+instance (ProductionRule p) => ProductionRule (UnfoldDepthFirstRule p phi r t rr) where
+  ra >>> rb = MkFRR $ \g -> foldReachableFromRule ra g >>> foldReachableFromRule rb g
+  ra ||| rb = MkFRR $ \g -> foldReachableFromRule ra g |||  foldReachableFromRule rb g
+  die = MkFRR $ \_ -> die
+  endOfInput = MkFRR $ \_ -> endOfInput
+
+instance (EpsProductionRule p) => EpsProductionRule (UnfoldDepthFirstRule p phi r t rr) where
+  epsilon v = MkFRR $ \_ -> epsilon v
+
+instance (LiftableProductionRule p) => LiftableProductionRule (UnfoldDepthFirstRule p phi r t rr) where
+  epsilonL v q = MkFRR $ \_ -> epsilonL v q
+
+instance (TokenProductionRule p t) =>
+         TokenProductionRule (UnfoldDepthFirstRule p phi r t rr) t where
+  token tt = MkFRR $ \_ -> token tt
+  
+instance (SimpleRecProductionRule p phi r rr) =>
+         RecProductionRule (UnfoldDepthFirstRule p phi r t rr) phi r where
+  ref idx = MkFRR $ \g -> ref' idx (g idx) 
+
+instance (ProductionRule p,
+          LiftableProductionRule p,
+          SimpleRecProductionRule p phi r rr,
+          SimpleLoopProductionRule p phi r rr) =>
+         LoopProductionRule (UnfoldDepthFirstRule p phi r t rr) phi r where
+  manyRef idx = MkFRR $ \g -> manyRef' idx (g idx) 
+  many1Ref idx = MkFRR $ \g -> many1Ref' idx (g idx)
+
+newtype WrapUR p r ix = WUR { unWUR :: p (r ix) }
+
+declareDead :: (EqFam phi, ProductionRule p,
+                SimpleRecProductionRule p phi r rr) =>
+               phi ix ->
+               UDFGrammar p phi r t rr ->
+               UDFGrammar p phi r t rr 
+declareDead idx g = unWUR . overrideIdx (WUR . g) idx (WUR $ cutRecursion idx)
+
+
+unfoldDepthFirst'' :: forall p phi r rr t v.
+                   (ProductionRule p, EqFam phi,
+                    TokenProductionRule p t,
+                    EpsProductionRule p,
+                    SimpleRecProductionRule p phi r rr,
+                    SimpleLoopProductionRule p phi r rr) =>
+                   UnfoldDepthFirstRule p phi r t rr v ->
+                   GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+                   (UDFGrammar p phi r t rr -> UDFGrammar p phi r t rr) ->
+                   p v
+unfoldDepthFirst'' r grammar rg =
+  foldReachableFromRule r (rg (unfoldDepthFirst' grammar rg)) 
+
+unfoldDepthFirst' :: forall p phi r rr t ix.
+                   (ProductionRule p, EqFam phi,
+                    EpsProductionRule p,
+                    TokenProductionRule p t,
+                    SimpleRecProductionRule p phi r rr,
+                    SimpleLoopProductionRule p phi r rr) =>
+                   GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+                   (UDFGrammar p phi r t rr -> UDFGrammar p phi r t rr) ->
+                   phi ix -> p (rr ix)
+unfoldDepthFirst' grammar rg idx =
+  let
+    nrg :: UDFGrammar p phi r t rr -> UDFGrammar p phi r t rr
+    nrg g = declareDead idx (rg g)
+  in unfoldDepthFirst'' (grammar idx) grammar nrg 
+
+unfoldDepthFirstProper :: forall p phi r rr t ix.
+                   (ProductionRule p, EqFam phi,
+                    EpsProductionRule p,
+                    TokenProductionRule p t,
+                    SimpleRecProductionRule p phi r rr,
+                    SimpleLoopProductionRule p phi r rr) =>
+                   GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+                   phi ix -> p (rr ix)
+unfoldDepthFirstProper grammar = unfoldDepthFirst' grammar id 
+
+unfoldDepthFirst :: forall p phi r rr t ix.
+                   (ProductionRule p, EqFam phi,
+                    EpsProductionRule p,
+                    TokenProductionRule p t,
+                    SimpleRecProductionRule p phi r rr,
+                    SimpleLoopProductionRule p phi r rr) =>
+                   GExtendedContextFreeGrammar phi t r rr ->
+                   phi ix -> p (r ix)
+unfoldDepthFirst grammar idx = unfoldDepthFirst'' (ref idx) grammar id 
+
diff --git a/grammar-combinators.cabal b/grammar-combinators.cabal
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/grammar-combinators.cabal
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+Name:                grammar-combinators
+Version:             0.1
+Description:
+    The grammar-combinators library is a novel parsing library using
+    an explicit representation of recursion to provide various novel
+    features, for grammar analysis, transformation and parsing
+    functionality.
+License:             LGPL
+License-file:        COPYING.LGPL
+Homepage:	     http://projects.haskell.org/grammar-combinators/ 
+Author:              Dominique Devriese <dominique.devriese@gmail.com>
+Maintainer:          Dominique Devriese <dominique.devriese@gmail.com>
+Build-Type:          Simple
+Category:	     Parsing
+Synopsis:	     A parsing library of context-free grammar combinators.
+Cabal-Version:       >=1.2.1
+Extra-Source-Files:  COPYING.GPL 
+Stability:	     experimental
+
+Library
+  Build-Depends:     base >= 3 && < 5,
+                     multirec >= 0.4,
+                     template-haskell >= 2.4.0.0,
+                     enumerable >= 0.0.3,
+                     mtl >= 1.1,
+                     containers >= 0.3,
+                     parsec >= 3.1,
+                     MaybeT >= 0.1.2,
+                     uu-parsinglib >= 2.5.1,
+                     graphviz >= 2999.10,
+                     fgl >= 5.4.2.2
+  Exposed-modules:   Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Domain
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Grammar
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Base
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.MultiRec
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.ProductionRule
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Processor
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Base.Token
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Parser.LL1
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Parser.LL1TH
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Parser.Packrat
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Parser.Parsec
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Parser.RealLL1
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Parser.RecursiveDescent
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Parser.TopDown
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Parser.UUParse
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.TH.Base
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.TH.FoldLoops
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.TH.RealLL1
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.CombineEpsilons
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.FilterDies
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.FoldLoops
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.LeftCorner
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.OptimizeGrammar
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.UnfoldChainNTs
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.UnfoldDead
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.UnfoldLoops
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.UnfoldRecursion
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Transform.UniformPaull
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.AssessSize
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.CalcFirst
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.EnumerateGrammar
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.EnumTokens
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.IsChainNT
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.IsDead
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.IsEpsilon
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.IsReachable
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.PrintGrammar
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.ToGraph
+                     Text.GrammarCombinators.Utils.UnfoldDepthFirst
+  ghc-options:       -Wall
