packages feed

direct-sqlite 2.3.19 → 2.3.20

raw patch · 13 files changed

+14856/−14280 lines, 13 filessetup-changedPVP: major bump suggested

API removals or changes: PVP suggests a major version bump

API changes (from Hackage documentation)

- Database.SQLite3.Bindings: type CExecCallback a = Ptr a -> CColumnCount Number of columns, which is the number of elements in the following arrays. -> Ptr CString Array of column values, as returned by 'c_sqlite3_column_text'. Null values are represented as null pointers. -> Ptr CString Array of column names -> IO CInt If the callback returns non-zero, then 'c_sqlite3_exec' returns @SQLITE_ABORT@ ('ErrorAbort').
+ Database.SQLite3.Bindings: type CExecCallback a = Ptr a -> CColumnCount Number of columns, which is the number of elements in the following arrays. -> Ptr CString Array of column values, as returned by 'c_sqlite3_column_text'. Null values are represented as null pointers. -> Ptr CString Array of column names -> IO CInt If the callback returns non-zero, then 'c_sqlite3_exec' returns @SQLITE_ABORT@ ('ErrorAbort').
- Database.SQLite3.Bindings: type CTraceCallback a = Ptr a -> CString UTF-8 rendering of the SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing -> IO ()
+ Database.SQLite3.Bindings: type CTraceCallback a = Ptr a -> CString UTF-8 rendering of the SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing -> IO ()
- Database.SQLite3.Direct: type ExecCallback = ColumnCount Number of columns, which is the number of items in the following lists. This will be the same for every row. -> [Utf8] List of column names. This will be the same for every row. -> [Maybe Utf8] List of column values, as returned by 'columnText'. -> IO ()
+ Database.SQLite3.Direct: type ExecCallback = ColumnCount Number of columns, which is the number of items in the following lists. This will be the same for every row. -> [Utf8] List of column names. This will be the same for every row. -> [Maybe Utf8] List of column values, as returned by 'columnText'. -> IO ()

Files

Database/SQLite3.hs view
@@ -1,785 +1,785 @@-{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}-{-# LANGUAGE CPP #-}-{-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-}-{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}-module Database.SQLite3 (-    -- * Connection management-    open,-    close,--    -- * Simple query execution-    -- | <http://sqlite.org/c3ref/exec.html>-    exec,-    execPrint,-    execWithCallback,-    ExecCallback,--    -- * Statement management-    prepare,-    prepareUtf8,-    step,-    reset,-    finalize,-    clearBindings,--    -- * Parameter and column information-    bindParameterCount,-    bindParameterName,-    columnCount,-    columnName,--    -- * Binding values to a prepared statement-    -- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>-    bindSQLData,-    bind,-    bindNamed,-    bindInt,-    bindInt64,-    bindDouble,-    bindText,-    bindBlob,-    bindZeroBlob,-    bindNull,--    -- * Reading the result row-    -- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_blob.html>-    ---    -- Warning: 'column' and 'columns' will throw a 'DecodeError' if any @TEXT@-    -- datum contains invalid UTF-8.-    column,-    columns,-    typedColumns,-    columnType,-    columnInt64,-    columnDouble,-    columnText,-    columnBlob,--    -- * Result statistics-    lastInsertRowId,-    changes,--    -- * Create custom SQL functions-    createFunction,-    createAggregate,-    deleteFunction,-    -- ** Extract function arguments-    funcArgCount,-    funcArgType,-    funcArgInt64,-    funcArgDouble,-    funcArgText,-    funcArgBlob,-    -- ** Set the result of a function-    funcResultSQLData,-    funcResultInt64,-    funcResultDouble,-    funcResultText,-    funcResultBlob,-    funcResultZeroBlob,-    funcResultNull,-    getFuncContextDatabase,--    -- * Create custom collations-    createCollation,-    deleteCollation,--    -- * Interrupting a long-running query-    interrupt,-    interruptibly,--    -- * Incremental blob I/O-    blobOpen,-    blobClose,-    blobReopen,-    blobBytes,-    blobRead,-    blobReadBuf,-    blobWrite,--    -- * Online Backup API-    -- | <https://www.sqlite.org/backup.html> and-    -- <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html>-    backupInit,-    backupFinish,-    backupStep,-    backupRemaining,-    backupPagecount,--    -- * Types-    Database,-    Statement,-    SQLData(..),-    SQLError(..),-    ColumnType(..),-    FuncContext,-    FuncArgs,-    Blob,-    Backup,--    -- ** Results and errors-    StepResult(..),-    BackupStepResult(..),-    Error(..),--    -- ** Special integers-    ParamIndex(..),-    ColumnIndex(..),-    ColumnCount,-    ArgCount(..),-    ArgIndex,-) where--import Database.SQLite3.Direct-    ( Database-    , Statement-    , ColumnType(..)-    , StepResult(..)-    , BackupStepResult(..)-    , Error(..)-    , ParamIndex(..)-    , ColumnIndex(..)-    , ColumnCount-    , Utf8(..)-    , FuncContext-    , FuncArgs-    , ArgCount(..)-    , ArgIndex-    , Blob-    , Backup--    -- Re-exported from Database.SQLite3.Direct without modification.-    -- Note that if this module were in another package, source links would not-    -- be generated for these functions.-    , clearBindings-    , bindParameterCount-    , columnCount-    , columnType-    , columnBlob-    , columnInt64-    , columnDouble-    , funcArgCount-    , funcArgType-    , funcArgInt64-    , funcArgDouble-    , funcArgBlob-    , funcResultInt64-    , funcResultDouble-    , funcResultBlob-    , funcResultZeroBlob-    , funcResultNull-    , getFuncContextDatabase-    , lastInsertRowId-    , changes-    , interrupt-    , blobBytes-    , backupRemaining-    , backupPagecount-    )--import qualified Database.SQLite3.Direct as Direct--import Prelude hiding (error)-import qualified Data.Text as T-import qualified Data.Text.IO as T-import Control.Applicative  ((<$>))-import Control.Concurrent-import Control.Exception-import Control.Monad        (when, zipWithM, zipWithM_)-import Data.ByteString      (ByteString)-import Data.Int             (Int64)-import Data.Maybe           (fromMaybe)-import Data.Text            (Text)-import Data.Text.Encoding   (encodeUtf8, decodeUtf8With)-import Data.Text.Encoding.Error (UnicodeException(..), lenientDecode)-import Data.Typeable-import Foreign.Ptr          (Ptr)--data SQLData-    = SQLInteger    !Int64-    | SQLFloat      !Double-    | SQLText       !Text-    | SQLBlob       !ByteString-    | SQLNull-    deriving (Eq, Show, Typeable)---- | Exception thrown when SQLite3 reports an error.------ direct-sqlite may throw other types of exceptions if you misuse the API.-data SQLError = SQLError-    { sqlError          :: !Error-        -- ^ Error code returned by API call-    , sqlErrorDetails   :: Text-        -- ^ Text describing the error-    , sqlErrorContext   :: Text-        -- ^ Indicates what action produced this error,-        --   e.g. @exec \"SELECT * FROM foo\"@-    }-    deriving (Eq, Typeable)---- NB: SQLError is lazy in 'sqlErrorDetails' and 'sqlErrorContext',--- to defer message construction in the case where a user catches and--- immediately handles the error.---instance Show SQLError where-    show SQLError{ sqlError        = code-                 , sqlErrorDetails = details-                 , sqlErrorContext = context-                 }-         = T.unpack $ T.concat-         [ "SQLite3 returned "-         , T.pack $ show code-         , " while attempting to perform "-         , context-         , ": "-         , details-         ]--instance Exception SQLError---- | Like 'decodeUtf8', but substitute a custom error message if--- decoding fails.-fromUtf8 :: String -> Utf8 -> IO Text-fromUtf8 desc utf8 = evaluate $ fromUtf8' desc utf8--fromUtf8' :: String -> Utf8 -> Text-fromUtf8' desc (Utf8 bs) =-    decodeUtf8With (\_ c -> throw (DecodeError desc c)) bs--toUtf8 :: Text -> Utf8-toUtf8 = Utf8 . encodeUtf8--data DetailSource-    = DetailDatabase    Database-    | DetailStatement   Statement-    | DetailMessage     Utf8--renderDetailSource :: DetailSource -> IO Utf8-renderDetailSource src = case src of-    DetailDatabase db ->-        Direct.errmsg db-    DetailStatement stmt -> do-        db <- Direct.getStatementDatabase stmt-        Direct.errmsg db-    DetailMessage msg ->-        return msg--throwSQLError :: DetailSource -> Text -> Error -> IO a-throwSQLError detailSource context error = do-    Utf8 details <- renderDetailSource detailSource-    throwIO SQLError-        { sqlError        = error-        , sqlErrorDetails = decodeUtf8With lenientDecode details-        , sqlErrorContext = context-        }--checkError :: DetailSource -> Text -> Either Error a -> IO a-checkError ds fn = either (throwSQLError ds fn) return--checkErrorMsg :: Text -> Either (Error, Utf8) a -> IO a-checkErrorMsg fn result = case result of-    Left (err, msg) -> throwSQLError (DetailMessage msg) fn err-    Right a         -> return a--appendShow :: Show a => Text -> a -> Text-appendShow txt a = txt `T.append` (T.pack . show) a----- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/open.html>-open :: Text -> IO Database-open path =-    Direct.open (toUtf8 path)-        >>= checkErrorMsg ("open " `appendShow` path)---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/close.html>-close :: Database -> IO ()-close db =-    Direct.close db >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) "close"---- | Make it possible to interrupt the given database operation with an--- asynchronous exception.  This only works if the program is compiled with--- base >= 4.3 and @-threaded@.------ It works by running the callback in a forked thread.  If interrupted,--- it uses 'interrupt' to try to stop the operation.-interruptibly :: Database -> IO a -> IO a-#if MIN_VERSION_base(4,3,0)-interruptibly db io-  | rtsSupportsBoundThreads =-      mask $ \restore -> do-          mv <- newEmptyMVar-          tid <- forkIO $ try' (restore io) >>= putMVar mv--          let interruptAndWait =-                  -- Don't let a second exception interrupt us.  Otherwise,-                  -- the operation will dangle in the background, which could-                  -- be really bad if it uses locally-allocated resources.-                  uninterruptibleMask_ $ do-                      -- Tell SQLite3 to interrupt the current query.-                      interrupt db--                      -- Interrupt the thread in case it's blocked for some-                      -- other reason.-                      ---                      -- NOTE: killThread blocks until the exception is delivered.-                      -- That's fine, since we're going to wait for the thread-                      -- to finish anyway.-                      killThread tid--                      -- Wait for the forked thread to finish.-                      _ <- takeMVar mv-                      return ()--          e <- takeMVar mv `onException` interruptAndWait-          either throwIO return e-  | otherwise = io-  where-    try' :: IO a -> IO (Either SomeException a)-    try' = try-#else-interruptibly _db io = io-#endif---- | Execute zero or more SQL statements delimited by semicolons.-exec :: Database -> Text -> IO ()-exec db sql =-    Direct.exec db (toUtf8 sql)-        >>= checkErrorMsg ("exec " `appendShow` sql)---- | Like 'exec', but print result rows to 'System.IO.stdout'.------ This is mainly for convenience when experimenting in GHCi.--- The output format may change in the future.-execPrint :: Database -> Text -> IO ()-execPrint !db !sql =-    interruptibly db $-    execWithCallback db sql $ \_count _colnames -> T.putStrLn . showValues-  where-    -- This mimics sqlite3's default output mode.  It displays a NULL and an-    -- empty string identically.-    showValues = T.intercalate "|" . map (fromMaybe "")---- | Like 'exec', but invoke the callback for each result row.-execWithCallback :: Database -> Text -> ExecCallback -> IO ()-execWithCallback db sql cb =-    Direct.execWithCallback db (toUtf8 sql) cb'-        >>= checkErrorMsg ("execWithCallback " `appendShow` sql)-  where-    -- We want 'names' computed once and shared with every call.-    cb' count namesUtf8 =-       let names = map fromUtf8'' namesUtf8-           {-# NOINLINE names #-}-        in cb count names . map (fmap fromUtf8'')--    fromUtf8'' = fromUtf8' "Database.SQLite3.execWithCallback: Invalid UTF-8"--type ExecCallback-     = ColumnCount    -- ^ Number of columns, which is the number of items in-                      --   the following lists.  This will be the same for-                      --   every row.-    -> [Text]         -- ^ List of column names.  This will be the same-                      --   for every row.-    -> [Maybe Text]   -- ^ List of column values, as returned by 'columnText'.-    -> IO ()---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>------ Unlike 'exec', 'prepare' only executes the first statement, and ignores--- subsequent statements.------ If the query string contains no SQL statements, this 'fail's.-prepare :: Database -> Text -> IO Statement-prepare db sql = prepareUtf8 db (toUtf8 sql)---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>------ It can help to avoid redundant Utf8 to Text conversion if you already--- have Utf8------ If the query string contains no SQL statements, this 'fail's.-prepareUtf8 :: Database -> Utf8 -> IO Statement-prepareUtf8 db sql = do-    m <- Direct.prepare db sql-            >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) ("prepare " `appendShow` sql)-    case m of-        Nothing   -> fail "Direct.SQLite3.prepare: empty query string"-        Just stmt -> return stmt---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/step.html>-step :: Statement -> IO StepResult-step statement =-    Direct.step statement >>= checkError (DetailStatement statement) "step"---- Note: sqlite3_reset and sqlite3_finalize return an error code if the most--- recent sqlite3_step indicated an error.  I think these are the only times--- these functions return an error (barring memory corruption and misuse of the API).------ We don't replicate that behavior here.  Instead, 'reset' and 'finalize'--- discard the error.  Otherwise, we would get "double jeopardy".--- For example:------  ok <- try $ step stmt :: IO (Either SQLError StepResult)---  finalize stmt------ If 'finalize' threw its error, it would throw the exception the user was--- trying to catch.------ 'reset' and 'finalize' might return a different error than the step that--- failed, leading to more cryptic error messages [1].  But we're not--- completely sure about this.------  [1]: https://github.com/yesodweb/persistent/issues/92#issuecomment-7806421---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/reset.html>------ Note that in the C API, @sqlite3_reset@ returns an error code if the most--- recent @sqlite3_step@ indicated an error.  We do not replicate that behavior--- here.  'reset' never throws an exception.-reset :: Statement -> IO ()-reset statement = do-    _ <- Direct.reset statement-    return ()---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/finalize.html>------ Like 'reset', 'finalize' never throws an exception.-finalize :: Statement -> IO ()-finalize statement = do-    _ <- Direct.finalize statement-    return ()----- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_parameter_name.html>------ Return the N-th SQL parameter name.------ Named parameters are returned as-is.  E.g. \":v\" is returned as--- @Just \":v\"@.  Unnamed parameters, however, are converted to--- @Nothing@.------ Note that the parameter index starts at 1, not 0.-bindParameterName :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> IO (Maybe Text)-bindParameterName stmt idx = do-    m <- Direct.bindParameterName stmt idx-    case m of-        Nothing   -> return Nothing-        Just name -> Just <$> fromUtf8 desc name-  where-    desc = "Database.SQLite3.bindParameterName: Invalid UTF-8"---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_name.html>------ Return the name of a result column.  If the column index is out of range,--- return 'Nothing'.-columnName :: Statement -> ColumnIndex -> IO (Maybe Text)-columnName stmt idx = do-    m <- Direct.columnName stmt idx-    case m of-        Just name -> Just <$> fromUtf8 desc name-        Nothing -> do-            -- sqlite3_column_name only returns NULL if memory allocation fails-            -- or if the column index is out of range.-            count <- Direct.columnCount stmt-            if idx >= 0 && idx < count-                then throwIO outOfMemory-                else return Nothing-  where-    desc = "Database.SQLite3.columnName: Invalid UTF-8"-    outOfMemory = SQLError-        { sqlError        = ErrorNoMemory-        , sqlErrorDetails = "out of memory (sqlite3_column_name returned NULL)"-        , sqlErrorContext = "column name"-        }--bindBlob :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> ByteString -> IO ()-bindBlob statement parameterIndex byteString =-    Direct.bindBlob statement parameterIndex byteString-        >>= checkError (DetailStatement statement) "bind blob"--bindZeroBlob :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> Int -> IO ()-bindZeroBlob statement parameterIndex len =-    Direct.bindZeroBlob statement parameterIndex len-        >>= checkError (DetailStatement statement) "bind zeroblob"--bindDouble :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> Double -> IO ()-bindDouble statement parameterIndex datum =-    Direct.bindDouble statement parameterIndex datum-        >>= checkError (DetailStatement statement) "bind double"--bindInt :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> Int -> IO ()-bindInt statement parameterIndex datum =-    Direct.bindInt64 statement-                     parameterIndex-                     (fromIntegral datum)-        >>= checkError (DetailStatement statement) "bind int"--bindInt64 :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> Int64 -> IO ()-bindInt64 statement parameterIndex datum =-    Direct.bindInt64 statement parameterIndex datum-        >>= checkError (DetailStatement statement) "bind int64"--bindNull :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> IO ()-bindNull statement parameterIndex =-    Direct.bindNull statement parameterIndex-        >>= checkError (DetailStatement statement) "bind null"--bindText :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> Text -> IO ()-bindText statement parameterIndex text =-    Direct.bindText statement parameterIndex (toUtf8 text)-        >>= checkError (DetailStatement statement) "bind text"---- | If the index is not between 1 and 'bindParameterCount' inclusive, this--- fails with 'ErrorRange'.  Otherwise, it succeeds, even if the query skips--- this index by using numbered parameters.------ Example:------ >> stmt <- prepare conn "SELECT ?1, ?3, ?5"--- >> bindSQLData stmt 1 (SQLInteger 1)--- >> bindSQLData stmt 2 (SQLInteger 2)--- >> bindSQLData stmt 6 (SQLInteger 6)--- >*** Exception: SQLite3 returned ErrorRange while attempting to perform bind int64.--- >> step stmt >> columns stmt--- >[SQLInteger 1,SQLNull,SQLNull]-bindSQLData :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> SQLData -> IO ()-bindSQLData statement idx datum =-    case datum of-        SQLInteger v -> bindInt64  statement idx v-        SQLFloat   v -> bindDouble statement idx v-        SQLText    v -> bindText   statement idx v-        SQLBlob    v -> bindBlob   statement idx v-        SQLNull      -> bindNull   statement idx---- | Convenience function for binding values to all parameters.  This will--- 'fail' if the list has the wrong number of parameters.-bind :: Statement -> [SQLData] -> IO ()-bind statement sqlData = do-    ParamIndex nParams <- bindParameterCount statement-    when (nParams /= length sqlData) $-        fail ("mismatched parameter count for bind.  Prepared statement "++-              "needs "++ show nParams ++ ", " ++ show (length sqlData) ++" given")-    zipWithM_ (bindSQLData statement) [1..] sqlData---- | Convenience function for binding named values to all parameters.--- This will 'fail' if the list has the wrong number of parameters or--- if an unknown name is used.------ Example:------ @--- stmt <- prepare conn \"SELECT :foo + :bar\"--- bindNamed stmt [(\":foo\", SQLInteger 1), (\":bar\", SQLInteger 2)]--- @-bindNamed :: Statement -> [(T.Text, SQLData)] -> IO ()-bindNamed statement params = do-    ParamIndex nParams <- bindParameterCount statement-    when (nParams /= length params) $-        fail ("mismatched parameter count for bind.  Prepared statement "++-              "needs "++ show nParams ++ ", " ++ show (length params) ++" given")-    mapM_ bindIdx params-    where-        bindIdx (name, val) = do-            idx <- Direct.bindParameterIndex statement $ toUtf8 name-            case idx of-                Just i ->-                    bindSQLData statement i val-                Nothing ->-                    fail ("unknown named parameter "++show name)----- |--- This will throw a 'DecodeError' if the datum contains invalid UTF-8.--- If this behavior is undesirable, you can use 'Direct.columnText' from--- "Database.SQLite3.Direct", which does not perform conversion to 'Text'.-columnText :: Statement -> ColumnIndex -> IO Text-columnText statement columnIndex =-    Direct.columnText statement columnIndex-        >>= fromUtf8 "Database.SQLite3.columnText: Invalid UTF-8"--column :: Statement -> ColumnIndex -> IO SQLData-column statement idx = do-    theType <- columnType statement idx-    typedColumn theType statement idx--columns :: Statement -> IO [SQLData]-columns statement = do-    count <- columnCount statement-    mapM (column statement) [0..count-1]--typedColumn :: ColumnType -> Statement -> ColumnIndex -> IO SQLData-typedColumn theType statement idx = case theType of-    IntegerColumn -> SQLInteger <$> columnInt64  statement idx-    FloatColumn   -> SQLFloat   <$> columnDouble statement idx-    TextColumn    -> SQLText    <$> columnText   statement idx-    BlobColumn    -> SQLBlob    <$> columnBlob   statement idx-    NullColumn    -> return SQLNull---- |--- This avoids extra API calls using the list of column types.--- If passed types do not correspond to the actual types, the values will be--- converted according to the rules at <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_blob.html>.--- If the list contains more items that number of columns, the result is undefined.-typedColumns :: Statement -> [Maybe ColumnType] -> IO [SQLData]-typedColumns statement = zipWithM f [0..] where-    f idx theType = case theType of-        Nothing -> column statement idx-        Just t  -> typedColumn t statement idx----- | <http://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_function.html>------ Create a custom SQL function or redefine the behavior of an existing--- function. If the function is deterministic, i.e. if it always returns the--- same result given the same input, you can set the boolean flag to let--- @sqlite@ perform additional optimizations.-createFunction-    :: Database-    -> Text           -- ^ Name of the function.-    -> Maybe ArgCount -- ^ Number of arguments. 'Nothing' means that the-                      --   function accepts any number of arguments.-    -> Bool           -- ^ Is the function deterministic?-    -> (FuncContext -> FuncArgs -> IO ())-                      -- ^ Implementation of the function.-    -> IO ()-createFunction db name nArgs isDet fun =-    Direct.createFunction db (toUtf8 name) nArgs isDet fun-        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) ("createFunction " `appendShow` name)---- | Like 'createFunction' except that it creates an aggregate function.-createAggregate-    :: Database-    -> Text           -- ^ Name of the function.-    -> Maybe ArgCount -- ^ Number of arguments.-    -> a              -- ^ Initial aggregate state.-    -> (FuncContext -> FuncArgs -> a -> IO a)-                      -- ^ Process one row and update the aggregate state.-    -> (FuncContext -> a -> IO ())-                      -- ^ Called after all rows have been processed.-                      --   Can be used to construct the returned value-                      --   from the aggregate state.-    -> IO ()-createAggregate db name nArgs initSt xStep xFinal =-    Direct.createAggregate db (toUtf8 name) nArgs initSt xStep xFinal-        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) ("createAggregate " `appendShow` name)---- | Delete an SQL function (scalar or aggregate).-deleteFunction :: Database -> Text -> Maybe ArgCount -> IO ()-deleteFunction db name nArgs =-    Direct.deleteFunction db (toUtf8 name) nArgs-        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) ("deleteFunction " `appendShow` name)--funcArgText :: FuncArgs -> ArgIndex -> IO Text-funcArgText args argIndex =-    Direct.funcArgText args argIndex-        >>= fromUtf8 "Database.SQLite3.funcArgText: Invalid UTF-8"--funcResultSQLData :: FuncContext -> SQLData -> IO ()-funcResultSQLData ctx datum =-    case datum of-        SQLInteger v -> funcResultInt64  ctx v-        SQLFloat   v -> funcResultDouble ctx v-        SQLText    v -> funcResultText   ctx v-        SQLBlob    v -> funcResultBlob   ctx v-        SQLNull      -> funcResultNull   ctx--funcResultText :: FuncContext -> Text -> IO ()-funcResultText ctx value =-    Direct.funcResultText ctx (toUtf8 value)----- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/create_collation.html>-createCollation-    :: Database-    -> Text                       -- ^ Name of the collation.-    -> (Text -> Text -> Ordering) -- ^ Comparison function.-    -> IO ()-createCollation db name cmp =-    Direct.createCollation db (toUtf8 name) cmp'-        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) ("createCollation " `appendShow` name)-  where-    cmp' (Utf8 s1) (Utf8 s2) = cmp (fromUtf8'' s1) (fromUtf8'' s2)-    -- avoid throwing exceptions as much as possible-    fromUtf8'' = decodeUtf8With lenientDecode---- | Delete a collation.-deleteCollation :: Database -> Text -> IO ()-deleteCollation db name =-    Direct.deleteCollation db (toUtf8 name)-        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) ("deleteCollation " `appendShow` name)----- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_open.html>------ Open a blob for incremental I/O.-blobOpen-    :: Database-    -> Text   -- ^ The symbolic name of the database (e.g. "main").-    -> Text   -- ^ The table name.-    -> Text   -- ^ The column name.-    -> Int64  -- ^ The @ROWID@ of the row.-    -> Bool   -- ^ Open the blob for read-write.-    -> IO Blob-blobOpen db zDb zTable zColumn rowid rw =-    Direct.blobOpen db (toUtf8 zDb) (toUtf8 zTable) (toUtf8 zColumn) rowid rw-        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) "blobOpen"---- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_close.html>-blobClose :: Blob -> IO ()-blobClose blob@(Direct.Blob db _) =-    Direct.blobClose blob-        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) "blobClose"---- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_reopen.html>-blobReopen :: Blob -> Int64 -> IO ()-blobReopen blob@(Direct.Blob db _) rowid =-    Direct.blobReopen blob rowid-        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) "blobReopen"---- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_read.html>-blobRead-    :: Blob-    -> Int -- ^ Number of bytes to read.-    -> Int -- ^ Offset within the blob.-    -> IO ByteString-blobRead blob@(Direct.Blob db _) len offset =-    Direct.blobRead blob len offset-        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) "blobRead"--blobReadBuf :: Blob -> Ptr a -> Int -> Int -> IO ()-blobReadBuf blob@(Direct.Blob db _) buf len offset =-    Direct.blobReadBuf blob buf len offset-        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) "blobReadBuf"---- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_write.html>-blobWrite-    :: Blob-    -> ByteString-    -> Int -- ^ Offset within the blob.-    -> IO ()-blobWrite blob@(Direct.Blob db _) bs offset =-    Direct.blobWrite blob bs offset-        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) "blobWrite"---backupInit-    :: Database  -- ^ Destination database handle-    -> Text      -- ^ Destination database name-    -> Database  -- ^ Source database handle-    -> Text      -- ^ Source database name-    -> IO Backup-backupInit dstDb dstName srcDb srcName =-    Direct.backupInit dstDb (toUtf8 dstName) srcDb (toUtf8 srcName)-        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase dstDb) "backupInit"--backupFinish :: Backup -> IO (())-backupFinish backup@(Direct.Backup dstDb _) =-    Direct.backupFinish backup-        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase dstDb) "backupFinish"--backupStep :: Backup -> Int -> IO BackupStepResult-backupStep backup pages =-    Direct.backupStep backup pages-        -- it appears that sqlite does not generate an-        -- error message when sqlite3_backup_step fails-        >>= checkError (DetailMessage "failed") "backupStep"+{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE CPP #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
+module Database.SQLite3 (
+    -- * Connection management
+    open,
+    close,
+
+    -- * Simple query execution
+    -- | <http://sqlite.org/c3ref/exec.html>
+    exec,
+    execPrint,
+    execWithCallback,
+    ExecCallback,
+
+    -- * Statement management
+    prepare,
+    prepareUtf8,
+    step,
+    reset,
+    finalize,
+    clearBindings,
+
+    -- * Parameter and column information
+    bindParameterCount,
+    bindParameterName,
+    columnCount,
+    columnName,
+
+    -- * Binding values to a prepared statement
+    -- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>
+    bindSQLData,
+    bind,
+    bindNamed,
+    bindInt,
+    bindInt64,
+    bindDouble,
+    bindText,
+    bindBlob,
+    bindZeroBlob,
+    bindNull,
+
+    -- * Reading the result row
+    -- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_blob.html>
+    --
+    -- Warning: 'column' and 'columns' will throw a 'DecodeError' if any @TEXT@
+    -- datum contains invalid UTF-8.
+    column,
+    columns,
+    typedColumns,
+    columnType,
+    columnInt64,
+    columnDouble,
+    columnText,
+    columnBlob,
+
+    -- * Result statistics
+    lastInsertRowId,
+    changes,
+
+    -- * Create custom SQL functions
+    createFunction,
+    createAggregate,
+    deleteFunction,
+    -- ** Extract function arguments
+    funcArgCount,
+    funcArgType,
+    funcArgInt64,
+    funcArgDouble,
+    funcArgText,
+    funcArgBlob,
+    -- ** Set the result of a function
+    funcResultSQLData,
+    funcResultInt64,
+    funcResultDouble,
+    funcResultText,
+    funcResultBlob,
+    funcResultZeroBlob,
+    funcResultNull,
+    getFuncContextDatabase,
+
+    -- * Create custom collations
+    createCollation,
+    deleteCollation,
+
+    -- * Interrupting a long-running query
+    interrupt,
+    interruptibly,
+
+    -- * Incremental blob I/O
+    blobOpen,
+    blobClose,
+    blobReopen,
+    blobBytes,
+    blobRead,
+    blobReadBuf,
+    blobWrite,
+
+    -- * Online Backup API
+    -- | <https://www.sqlite.org/backup.html> and
+    -- <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html>
+    backupInit,
+    backupFinish,
+    backupStep,
+    backupRemaining,
+    backupPagecount,
+
+    -- * Types
+    Database,
+    Statement,
+    SQLData(..),
+    SQLError(..),
+    ColumnType(..),
+    FuncContext,
+    FuncArgs,
+    Blob,
+    Backup,
+
+    -- ** Results and errors
+    StepResult(..),
+    BackupStepResult(..),
+    Error(..),
+
+    -- ** Special integers
+    ParamIndex(..),
+    ColumnIndex(..),
+    ColumnCount,
+    ArgCount(..),
+    ArgIndex,
+) where
+
+import Database.SQLite3.Direct
+    ( Database
+    , Statement
+    , ColumnType(..)
+    , StepResult(..)
+    , BackupStepResult(..)
+    , Error(..)
+    , ParamIndex(..)
+    , ColumnIndex(..)
+    , ColumnCount
+    , Utf8(..)
+    , FuncContext
+    , FuncArgs
+    , ArgCount(..)
+    , ArgIndex
+    , Blob
+    , Backup
+
+    -- Re-exported from Database.SQLite3.Direct without modification.
+    -- Note that if this module were in another package, source links would not
+    -- be generated for these functions.
+    , clearBindings
+    , bindParameterCount
+    , columnCount
+    , columnType
+    , columnBlob
+    , columnInt64
+    , columnDouble
+    , funcArgCount
+    , funcArgType
+    , funcArgInt64
+    , funcArgDouble
+    , funcArgBlob
+    , funcResultInt64
+    , funcResultDouble
+    , funcResultBlob
+    , funcResultZeroBlob
+    , funcResultNull
+    , getFuncContextDatabase
+    , lastInsertRowId
+    , changes
+    , interrupt
+    , blobBytes
+    , backupRemaining
+    , backupPagecount
+    )
+
+import qualified Database.SQLite3.Direct as Direct
+
+import Prelude hiding (error)
+import qualified Data.Text as T
+import qualified Data.Text.IO as T
+import Control.Applicative  ((<$>))
+import Control.Concurrent
+import Control.Exception
+import Control.Monad        (when, zipWithM, zipWithM_)
+import Data.ByteString      (ByteString)
+import Data.Int             (Int64)
+import Data.Maybe           (fromMaybe)
+import Data.Text            (Text)
+import Data.Text.Encoding   (encodeUtf8, decodeUtf8With)
+import Data.Text.Encoding.Error (UnicodeException(..), lenientDecode)
+import Data.Typeable
+import Foreign.Ptr          (Ptr)
+
+data SQLData
+    = SQLInteger    !Int64
+    | SQLFloat      !Double
+    | SQLText       !Text
+    | SQLBlob       !ByteString
+    | SQLNull
+    deriving (Eq, Show, Typeable)
+
+-- | Exception thrown when SQLite3 reports an error.
+--
+-- direct-sqlite may throw other types of exceptions if you misuse the API.
+data SQLError = SQLError
+    { sqlError          :: !Error
+        -- ^ Error code returned by API call
+    , sqlErrorDetails   :: Text
+        -- ^ Text describing the error
+    , sqlErrorContext   :: Text
+        -- ^ Indicates what action produced this error,
+        --   e.g. @exec \"SELECT * FROM foo\"@
+    }
+    deriving (Eq, Typeable)
+
+-- NB: SQLError is lazy in 'sqlErrorDetails' and 'sqlErrorContext',
+-- to defer message construction in the case where a user catches and
+-- immediately handles the error.
+
+
+instance Show SQLError where
+    show SQLError{ sqlError        = code
+                 , sqlErrorDetails = details
+                 , sqlErrorContext = context
+                 }
+         = T.unpack $ T.concat
+         [ "SQLite3 returned "
+         , T.pack $ show code
+         , " while attempting to perform "
+         , context
+         , ": "
+         , details
+         ]
+
+instance Exception SQLError
+
+-- | Like 'decodeUtf8', but substitute a custom error message if
+-- decoding fails.
+fromUtf8 :: String -> Utf8 -> IO Text
+fromUtf8 desc utf8 = evaluate $ fromUtf8' desc utf8
+
+fromUtf8' :: String -> Utf8 -> Text
+fromUtf8' desc (Utf8 bs) =
+    decodeUtf8With (\_ c -> throw (DecodeError desc c)) bs
+
+toUtf8 :: Text -> Utf8
+toUtf8 = Utf8 . encodeUtf8
+
+data DetailSource
+    = DetailDatabase    Database
+    | DetailStatement   Statement
+    | DetailMessage     Utf8
+
+renderDetailSource :: DetailSource -> IO Utf8
+renderDetailSource src = case src of
+    DetailDatabase db ->
+        Direct.errmsg db
+    DetailStatement stmt -> do
+        db <- Direct.getStatementDatabase stmt
+        Direct.errmsg db
+    DetailMessage msg ->
+        return msg
+
+throwSQLError :: DetailSource -> Text -> Error -> IO a
+throwSQLError detailSource context error = do
+    Utf8 details <- renderDetailSource detailSource
+    throwIO SQLError
+        { sqlError        = error
+        , sqlErrorDetails = decodeUtf8With lenientDecode details
+        , sqlErrorContext = context
+        }
+
+checkError :: DetailSource -> Text -> Either Error a -> IO a
+checkError ds fn = either (throwSQLError ds fn) return
+
+checkErrorMsg :: Text -> Either (Error, Utf8) a -> IO a
+checkErrorMsg fn result = case result of
+    Left (err, msg) -> throwSQLError (DetailMessage msg) fn err
+    Right a         -> return a
+
+appendShow :: Show a => Text -> a -> Text
+appendShow txt a = txt `T.append` (T.pack . show) a
+
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/open.html>
+open :: Text -> IO Database
+open path =
+    Direct.open (toUtf8 path)
+        >>= checkErrorMsg ("open " `appendShow` path)
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/close.html>
+close :: Database -> IO ()
+close db =
+    Direct.close db >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) "close"
+
+-- | Make it possible to interrupt the given database operation with an
+-- asynchronous exception.  This only works if the program is compiled with
+-- base >= 4.3 and @-threaded@.
+--
+-- It works by running the callback in a forked thread.  If interrupted,
+-- it uses 'interrupt' to try to stop the operation.
+interruptibly :: Database -> IO a -> IO a
+#if MIN_VERSION_base(4,3,0)
+interruptibly db io
+  | rtsSupportsBoundThreads =
+      mask $ \restore -> do
+          mv <- newEmptyMVar
+          tid <- forkIO $ try' (restore io) >>= putMVar mv
+
+          let interruptAndWait =
+                  -- Don't let a second exception interrupt us.  Otherwise,
+                  -- the operation will dangle in the background, which could
+                  -- be really bad if it uses locally-allocated resources.
+                  uninterruptibleMask_ $ do
+                      -- Tell SQLite3 to interrupt the current query.
+                      interrupt db
+
+                      -- Interrupt the thread in case it's blocked for some
+                      -- other reason.
+                      --
+                      -- NOTE: killThread blocks until the exception is delivered.
+                      -- That's fine, since we're going to wait for the thread
+                      -- to finish anyway.
+                      killThread tid
+
+                      -- Wait for the forked thread to finish.
+                      _ <- takeMVar mv
+                      return ()
+
+          e <- takeMVar mv `onException` interruptAndWait
+          either throwIO return e
+  | otherwise = io
+  where
+    try' :: IO a -> IO (Either SomeException a)
+    try' = try
+#else
+interruptibly _db io = io
+#endif
+
+-- | Execute zero or more SQL statements delimited by semicolons.
+exec :: Database -> Text -> IO ()
+exec db sql =
+    Direct.exec db (toUtf8 sql)
+        >>= checkErrorMsg ("exec " `appendShow` sql)
+
+-- | Like 'exec', but print result rows to 'System.IO.stdout'.
+--
+-- This is mainly for convenience when experimenting in GHCi.
+-- The output format may change in the future.
+execPrint :: Database -> Text -> IO ()
+execPrint !db !sql =
+    interruptibly db $
+    execWithCallback db sql $ \_count _colnames -> T.putStrLn . showValues
+  where
+    -- This mimics sqlite3's default output mode.  It displays a NULL and an
+    -- empty string identically.
+    showValues = T.intercalate "|" . map (fromMaybe "")
+
+-- | Like 'exec', but invoke the callback for each result row.
+execWithCallback :: Database -> Text -> ExecCallback -> IO ()
+execWithCallback db sql cb =
+    Direct.execWithCallback db (toUtf8 sql) cb'
+        >>= checkErrorMsg ("execWithCallback " `appendShow` sql)
+  where
+    -- We want 'names' computed once and shared with every call.
+    cb' count namesUtf8 =
+       let names = map fromUtf8'' namesUtf8
+           {-# NOINLINE names #-}
+        in cb count names . map (fmap fromUtf8'')
+
+    fromUtf8'' = fromUtf8' "Database.SQLite3.execWithCallback: Invalid UTF-8"
+
+type ExecCallback
+     = ColumnCount    -- ^ Number of columns, which is the number of items in
+                      --   the following lists.  This will be the same for
+                      --   every row.
+    -> [Text]         -- ^ List of column names.  This will be the same
+                      --   for every row.
+    -> [Maybe Text]   -- ^ List of column values, as returned by 'columnText'.
+    -> IO ()
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>
+--
+-- Unlike 'exec', 'prepare' only executes the first statement, and ignores
+-- subsequent statements.
+--
+-- If the query string contains no SQL statements, this 'fail's.
+prepare :: Database -> Text -> IO Statement
+prepare db sql = prepareUtf8 db (toUtf8 sql)
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>
+--
+-- It can help to avoid redundant Utf8 to Text conversion if you already
+-- have Utf8
+--
+-- If the query string contains no SQL statements, this 'fail's.
+prepareUtf8 :: Database -> Utf8 -> IO Statement
+prepareUtf8 db sql = do
+    m <- Direct.prepare db sql
+            >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) ("prepare " `appendShow` sql)
+    case m of
+        Nothing   -> fail "Direct.SQLite3.prepare: empty query string"
+        Just stmt -> return stmt
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/step.html>
+step :: Statement -> IO StepResult
+step statement =
+    Direct.step statement >>= checkError (DetailStatement statement) "step"
+
+-- Note: sqlite3_reset and sqlite3_finalize return an error code if the most
+-- recent sqlite3_step indicated an error.  I think these are the only times
+-- these functions return an error (barring memory corruption and misuse of the API).
+--
+-- We don't replicate that behavior here.  Instead, 'reset' and 'finalize'
+-- discard the error.  Otherwise, we would get "double jeopardy".
+-- For example:
+--
+--  ok <- try $ step stmt :: IO (Either SQLError StepResult)
+--  finalize stmt
+--
+-- If 'finalize' threw its error, it would throw the exception the user was
+-- trying to catch.
+--
+-- 'reset' and 'finalize' might return a different error than the step that
+-- failed, leading to more cryptic error messages [1].  But we're not
+-- completely sure about this.
+--
+--  [1]: https://github.com/yesodweb/persistent/issues/92#issuecomment-7806421
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/reset.html>
+--
+-- Note that in the C API, @sqlite3_reset@ returns an error code if the most
+-- recent @sqlite3_step@ indicated an error.  We do not replicate that behavior
+-- here.  'reset' never throws an exception.
+reset :: Statement -> IO ()
+reset statement = do
+    _ <- Direct.reset statement
+    return ()
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/finalize.html>
+--
+-- Like 'reset', 'finalize' never throws an exception.
+finalize :: Statement -> IO ()
+finalize statement = do
+    _ <- Direct.finalize statement
+    return ()
+
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_parameter_name.html>
+--
+-- Return the N-th SQL parameter name.
+--
+-- Named parameters are returned as-is.  E.g. \":v\" is returned as
+-- @Just \":v\"@.  Unnamed parameters, however, are converted to
+-- @Nothing@.
+--
+-- Note that the parameter index starts at 1, not 0.
+bindParameterName :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> IO (Maybe Text)
+bindParameterName stmt idx = do
+    m <- Direct.bindParameterName stmt idx
+    case m of
+        Nothing   -> return Nothing
+        Just name -> Just <$> fromUtf8 desc name
+  where
+    desc = "Database.SQLite3.bindParameterName: Invalid UTF-8"
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_name.html>
+--
+-- Return the name of a result column.  If the column index is out of range,
+-- return 'Nothing'.
+columnName :: Statement -> ColumnIndex -> IO (Maybe Text)
+columnName stmt idx = do
+    m <- Direct.columnName stmt idx
+    case m of
+        Just name -> Just <$> fromUtf8 desc name
+        Nothing -> do
+            -- sqlite3_column_name only returns NULL if memory allocation fails
+            -- or if the column index is out of range.
+            count <- Direct.columnCount stmt
+            if idx >= 0 && idx < count
+                then throwIO outOfMemory
+                else return Nothing
+  where
+    desc = "Database.SQLite3.columnName: Invalid UTF-8"
+    outOfMemory = SQLError
+        { sqlError        = ErrorNoMemory
+        , sqlErrorDetails = "out of memory (sqlite3_column_name returned NULL)"
+        , sqlErrorContext = "column name"
+        }
+
+bindBlob :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> ByteString -> IO ()
+bindBlob statement parameterIndex byteString =
+    Direct.bindBlob statement parameterIndex byteString
+        >>= checkError (DetailStatement statement) "bind blob"
+
+bindZeroBlob :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> Int -> IO ()
+bindZeroBlob statement parameterIndex len =
+    Direct.bindZeroBlob statement parameterIndex len
+        >>= checkError (DetailStatement statement) "bind zeroblob"
+
+bindDouble :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> Double -> IO ()
+bindDouble statement parameterIndex datum =
+    Direct.bindDouble statement parameterIndex datum
+        >>= checkError (DetailStatement statement) "bind double"
+
+bindInt :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> Int -> IO ()
+bindInt statement parameterIndex datum =
+    Direct.bindInt64 statement
+                     parameterIndex
+                     (fromIntegral datum)
+        >>= checkError (DetailStatement statement) "bind int"
+
+bindInt64 :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> Int64 -> IO ()
+bindInt64 statement parameterIndex datum =
+    Direct.bindInt64 statement parameterIndex datum
+        >>= checkError (DetailStatement statement) "bind int64"
+
+bindNull :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> IO ()
+bindNull statement parameterIndex =
+    Direct.bindNull statement parameterIndex
+        >>= checkError (DetailStatement statement) "bind null"
+
+bindText :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> Text -> IO ()
+bindText statement parameterIndex text =
+    Direct.bindText statement parameterIndex (toUtf8 text)
+        >>= checkError (DetailStatement statement) "bind text"
+
+-- | If the index is not between 1 and 'bindParameterCount' inclusive, this
+-- fails with 'ErrorRange'.  Otherwise, it succeeds, even if the query skips
+-- this index by using numbered parameters.
+--
+-- Example:
+--
+-- >> stmt <- prepare conn "SELECT ?1, ?3, ?5"
+-- >> bindSQLData stmt 1 (SQLInteger 1)
+-- >> bindSQLData stmt 2 (SQLInteger 2)
+-- >> bindSQLData stmt 6 (SQLInteger 6)
+-- >*** Exception: SQLite3 returned ErrorRange while attempting to perform bind int64.
+-- >> step stmt >> columns stmt
+-- >[SQLInteger 1,SQLNull,SQLNull]
+bindSQLData :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> SQLData -> IO ()
+bindSQLData statement idx datum =
+    case datum of
+        SQLInteger v -> bindInt64  statement idx v
+        SQLFloat   v -> bindDouble statement idx v
+        SQLText    v -> bindText   statement idx v
+        SQLBlob    v -> bindBlob   statement idx v
+        SQLNull      -> bindNull   statement idx
+
+-- | Convenience function for binding values to all parameters.  This will
+-- 'fail' if the list has the wrong number of parameters.
+bind :: Statement -> [SQLData] -> IO ()
+bind statement sqlData = do
+    ParamIndex nParams <- bindParameterCount statement
+    when (nParams /= length sqlData) $
+        fail ("mismatched parameter count for bind.  Prepared statement "++
+              "needs "++ show nParams ++ ", " ++ show (length sqlData) ++" given")
+    zipWithM_ (bindSQLData statement) [1..] sqlData
+
+-- | Convenience function for binding named values to all parameters.
+-- This will 'fail' if the list has the wrong number of parameters or
+-- if an unknown name is used.
+--
+-- Example:
+--
+-- @
+-- stmt <- prepare conn \"SELECT :foo + :bar\"
+-- bindNamed stmt [(\":foo\", SQLInteger 1), (\":bar\", SQLInteger 2)]
+-- @
+bindNamed :: Statement -> [(T.Text, SQLData)] -> IO ()
+bindNamed statement params = do
+    ParamIndex nParams <- bindParameterCount statement
+    when (nParams /= length params) $
+        fail ("mismatched parameter count for bind.  Prepared statement "++
+              "needs "++ show nParams ++ ", " ++ show (length params) ++" given")
+    mapM_ bindIdx params
+    where
+        bindIdx (name, val) = do
+            idx <- Direct.bindParameterIndex statement $ toUtf8 name
+            case idx of
+                Just i ->
+                    bindSQLData statement i val
+                Nothing ->
+                    fail ("unknown named parameter "++show name)
+
+
+-- |
+-- This will throw a 'DecodeError' if the datum contains invalid UTF-8.
+-- If this behavior is undesirable, you can use 'Direct.columnText' from
+-- "Database.SQLite3.Direct", which does not perform conversion to 'Text'.
+columnText :: Statement -> ColumnIndex -> IO Text
+columnText statement columnIndex =
+    Direct.columnText statement columnIndex
+        >>= fromUtf8 "Database.SQLite3.columnText: Invalid UTF-8"
+
+column :: Statement -> ColumnIndex -> IO SQLData
+column statement idx = do
+    theType <- columnType statement idx
+    typedColumn theType statement idx
+
+columns :: Statement -> IO [SQLData]
+columns statement = do
+    count <- columnCount statement
+    mapM (column statement) [0..count-1]
+
+typedColumn :: ColumnType -> Statement -> ColumnIndex -> IO SQLData
+typedColumn theType statement idx = case theType of
+    IntegerColumn -> SQLInteger <$> columnInt64  statement idx
+    FloatColumn   -> SQLFloat   <$> columnDouble statement idx
+    TextColumn    -> SQLText    <$> columnText   statement idx
+    BlobColumn    -> SQLBlob    <$> columnBlob   statement idx
+    NullColumn    -> return SQLNull
+
+-- |
+-- This avoids extra API calls using the list of column types.
+-- If passed types do not correspond to the actual types, the values will be
+-- converted according to the rules at <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_blob.html>.
+-- If the list contains more items that number of columns, the result is undefined.
+typedColumns :: Statement -> [Maybe ColumnType] -> IO [SQLData]
+typedColumns statement = zipWithM f [0..] where
+    f idx theType = case theType of
+        Nothing -> column statement idx
+        Just t  -> typedColumn t statement idx
+
+
+-- | <http://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_function.html>
+--
+-- Create a custom SQL function or redefine the behavior of an existing
+-- function. If the function is deterministic, i.e. if it always returns the
+-- same result given the same input, you can set the boolean flag to let
+-- @sqlite@ perform additional optimizations.
+createFunction
+    :: Database
+    -> Text           -- ^ Name of the function.
+    -> Maybe ArgCount -- ^ Number of arguments. 'Nothing' means that the
+                      --   function accepts any number of arguments.
+    -> Bool           -- ^ Is the function deterministic?
+    -> (FuncContext -> FuncArgs -> IO ())
+                      -- ^ Implementation of the function.
+    -> IO ()
+createFunction db name nArgs isDet fun =
+    Direct.createFunction db (toUtf8 name) nArgs isDet fun
+        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) ("createFunction " `appendShow` name)
+
+-- | Like 'createFunction' except that it creates an aggregate function.
+createAggregate
+    :: Database
+    -> Text           -- ^ Name of the function.
+    -> Maybe ArgCount -- ^ Number of arguments.
+    -> a              -- ^ Initial aggregate state.
+    -> (FuncContext -> FuncArgs -> a -> IO a)
+                      -- ^ Process one row and update the aggregate state.
+    -> (FuncContext -> a -> IO ())
+                      -- ^ Called after all rows have been processed.
+                      --   Can be used to construct the returned value
+                      --   from the aggregate state.
+    -> IO ()
+createAggregate db name nArgs initSt xStep xFinal =
+    Direct.createAggregate db (toUtf8 name) nArgs initSt xStep xFinal
+        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) ("createAggregate " `appendShow` name)
+
+-- | Delete an SQL function (scalar or aggregate).
+deleteFunction :: Database -> Text -> Maybe ArgCount -> IO ()
+deleteFunction db name nArgs =
+    Direct.deleteFunction db (toUtf8 name) nArgs
+        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) ("deleteFunction " `appendShow` name)
+
+funcArgText :: FuncArgs -> ArgIndex -> IO Text
+funcArgText args argIndex =
+    Direct.funcArgText args argIndex
+        >>= fromUtf8 "Database.SQLite3.funcArgText: Invalid UTF-8"
+
+funcResultSQLData :: FuncContext -> SQLData -> IO ()
+funcResultSQLData ctx datum =
+    case datum of
+        SQLInteger v -> funcResultInt64  ctx v
+        SQLFloat   v -> funcResultDouble ctx v
+        SQLText    v -> funcResultText   ctx v
+        SQLBlob    v -> funcResultBlob   ctx v
+        SQLNull      -> funcResultNull   ctx
+
+funcResultText :: FuncContext -> Text -> IO ()
+funcResultText ctx value =
+    Direct.funcResultText ctx (toUtf8 value)
+
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/create_collation.html>
+createCollation
+    :: Database
+    -> Text                       -- ^ Name of the collation.
+    -> (Text -> Text -> Ordering) -- ^ Comparison function.
+    -> IO ()
+createCollation db name cmp =
+    Direct.createCollation db (toUtf8 name) cmp'
+        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) ("createCollation " `appendShow` name)
+  where
+    cmp' (Utf8 s1) (Utf8 s2) = cmp (fromUtf8'' s1) (fromUtf8'' s2)
+    -- avoid throwing exceptions as much as possible
+    fromUtf8'' = decodeUtf8With lenientDecode
+
+-- | Delete a collation.
+deleteCollation :: Database -> Text -> IO ()
+deleteCollation db name =
+    Direct.deleteCollation db (toUtf8 name)
+        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) ("deleteCollation " `appendShow` name)
+
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_open.html>
+--
+-- Open a blob for incremental I/O.
+blobOpen
+    :: Database
+    -> Text   -- ^ The symbolic name of the database (e.g. "main").
+    -> Text   -- ^ The table name.
+    -> Text   -- ^ The column name.
+    -> Int64  -- ^ The @ROWID@ of the row.
+    -> Bool   -- ^ Open the blob for read-write.
+    -> IO Blob
+blobOpen db zDb zTable zColumn rowid rw =
+    Direct.blobOpen db (toUtf8 zDb) (toUtf8 zTable) (toUtf8 zColumn) rowid rw
+        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) "blobOpen"
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_close.html>
+blobClose :: Blob -> IO ()
+blobClose blob@(Direct.Blob db _) =
+    Direct.blobClose blob
+        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) "blobClose"
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_reopen.html>
+blobReopen :: Blob -> Int64 -> IO ()
+blobReopen blob@(Direct.Blob db _) rowid =
+    Direct.blobReopen blob rowid
+        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) "blobReopen"
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_read.html>
+blobRead
+    :: Blob
+    -> Int -- ^ Number of bytes to read.
+    -> Int -- ^ Offset within the blob.
+    -> IO ByteString
+blobRead blob@(Direct.Blob db _) len offset =
+    Direct.blobRead blob len offset
+        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) "blobRead"
+
+blobReadBuf :: Blob -> Ptr a -> Int -> Int -> IO ()
+blobReadBuf blob@(Direct.Blob db _) buf len offset =
+    Direct.blobReadBuf blob buf len offset
+        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) "blobReadBuf"
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_write.html>
+blobWrite
+    :: Blob
+    -> ByteString
+    -> Int -- ^ Offset within the blob.
+    -> IO ()
+blobWrite blob@(Direct.Blob db _) bs offset =
+    Direct.blobWrite blob bs offset
+        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase db) "blobWrite"
+
+
+backupInit
+    :: Database  -- ^ Destination database handle
+    -> Text      -- ^ Destination database name
+    -> Database  -- ^ Source database handle
+    -> Text      -- ^ Source database name
+    -> IO Backup
+backupInit dstDb dstName srcDb srcName =
+    Direct.backupInit dstDb (toUtf8 dstName) srcDb (toUtf8 srcName)
+        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase dstDb) "backupInit"
+
+backupFinish :: Backup -> IO (())
+backupFinish backup@(Direct.Backup dstDb _) =
+    Direct.backupFinish backup
+        >>= checkError (DetailDatabase dstDb) "backupFinish"
+
+backupStep :: Backup -> Int -> IO BackupStepResult
+backupStep backup pages =
+    Direct.backupStep backup pages
+        -- it appears that sqlite does not generate an
+        -- error message when sqlite3_backup_step fails
+        >>= checkError (DetailMessage "failed") "backupStep"
Database/SQLite3/Bindings.hs view
@@ -1,532 +1,532 @@-{-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-}-module Database.SQLite3.Bindings (-    module Database.SQLite3.Bindings.Types,--    -- * Connection management-    c_sqlite3_open,-    c_sqlite3_close,-    c_sqlite3_errcode,-    c_sqlite3_errmsg,-    c_sqlite3_interrupt,-    c_sqlite3_trace,-    CTraceCallback,-    mkCTraceCallback,-    c_sqlite3_get_autocommit,-    c_sqlite3_enable_shared_cache,--    -- * Simple query execution-    -- | <http://sqlite.org/c3ref/exec.html>-    c_sqlite3_exec,-    CExecCallback,-    mkCExecCallback,--    -- * Statement management-    c_sqlite3_prepare_v2,-    c_sqlite3_db_handle,-    c_sqlite3_step,-    c_sqlite3_reset,-    c_sqlite3_finalize,-    c_sqlite3_clear_bindings,-    c_sqlite3_sql,--    -- * Parameter and column information-    c_sqlite3_bind_parameter_count,-    c_sqlite3_bind_parameter_name,-    c_sqlite3_bind_parameter_index,-    c_sqlite3_column_count,-    c_sqlite3_column_name,--    -- * Binding Values To Prepared Statements-    -- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>-    c_sqlite3_bind_blob,-    c_sqlite3_bind_zeroblob,-    c_sqlite3_bind_text,-    c_sqlite3_bind_double,-    c_sqlite3_bind_int64,-    c_sqlite3_bind_null,--    -- * Result Values From A Query-    -- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_blob.html>-    c_sqlite3_column_type,-    c_sqlite3_column_bytes,-    c_sqlite3_column_blob,-    c_sqlite3_column_int64,-    c_sqlite3_column_double,-    c_sqlite3_column_text,--    -- * Result statistics-    c_sqlite3_last_insert_rowid,-    c_sqlite3_changes,-    c_sqlite3_total_changes,--    -- * Create Or Redefine SQL Functions-    c_sqlite3_create_function_v2,-    CFunc,-    CFuncFinal,-    CFuncDestroy,-    mkCFunc,-    mkCFuncFinal,-    mkCFuncDestroy,-    c_sqlite3_user_data,-    c_sqlite3_context_db_handle,-    c_sqlite3_aggregate_context,--    -- * Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values-    -- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/value_blob.html>-    c_sqlite3_value_type,-    c_sqlite3_value_bytes,-    c_sqlite3_value_blob,-    c_sqlite3_value_text,-    c_sqlite3_value_int64,-    c_sqlite3_value_double,--    -- * Setting The Result Of An SQL Function-    -- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/result_blob.html>-    c_sqlite3_result_null,-    c_sqlite3_result_blob,-    c_sqlite3_result_zeroblob,-    c_sqlite3_result_text,-    c_sqlite3_result_int64,-    c_sqlite3_result_double,-    c_sqlite3_result_value,-    c_sqlite3_result_error,--    -- * Define New Collating Sequences-    c_sqlite3_create_collation_v2,-    CCompare,-    mkCCompare,--    -- * Miscellaneous-    c_sqlite3_free,--    -- * Extensions-    c_sqlite3_enable_load_extension,--    -- * Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook-    c_sqlite3_wal_hook,-    CWalHook,-    mkCWalHook,--    -- * Incremental blob I/O-    c_sqlite3_blob_open,-    c_sqlite3_blob_close,-    c_sqlite3_blob_reopen,-    c_sqlite3_blob_bytes,-    c_sqlite3_blob_read,-    c_sqlite3_blob_write,--    -- * Online Backup API-    -- | <https://www.sqlite.org/backup.html> and-    -- <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html>-    c_sqlite3_backup_init,-    c_sqlite3_backup_finish,-    c_sqlite3_backup_step,-    c_sqlite3_backup_remaining,-    c_sqlite3_backup_pagecount,-) where--import Database.SQLite3.Bindings.Types--import Foreign-import Foreign.C----- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/open.html>------ This sets the @'Ptr CDatabase'@ even on failure.-foreign import ccall "sqlite3_open"-    c_sqlite3_open :: CString -> Ptr (Ptr CDatabase) -> IO CError---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/close.html>-foreign import ccall "sqlite3_close"-    c_sqlite3_close :: Ptr CDatabase -> IO CError---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/errcode.html>-foreign import ccall "sqlite3_errcode"-    c_sqlite3_errcode :: Ptr CDatabase -> IO CError---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/errcode.html>-foreign import ccall "sqlite3_errmsg"-    c_sqlite3_errmsg :: Ptr CDatabase -> IO CString---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/interrupt.html>-foreign import ccall "sqlite3_interrupt"-    c_sqlite3_interrupt :: Ptr CDatabase -> IO ()---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/profile.html>-foreign import ccall "sqlite3_trace"-    c_sqlite3_trace-        :: Ptr CDatabase-        -> FunPtr (CTraceCallback a) -- ^ Optional callback function called for each row-        -> Ptr a                     -- ^ Context passed to the callback-        -> IO (Ptr ())               -- ^ Returns context pointer from previously-                                     --   registered trace---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/get_autocommit.html>-foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_get_autocommit"-    c_sqlite3_get_autocommit :: Ptr CDatabase -> IO CInt---- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/enable_shared_cache.html>-foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_enable_shared_cache"-    c_sqlite3_enable_shared_cache :: CInt -> IO CError---foreign import ccall "sqlite3_exec"-    c_sqlite3_exec-        :: Ptr CDatabase-        -> CString                  -- ^ SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded-        -> FunPtr (CExecCallback a) -- ^ Optional callback function called for each row-        -> Ptr a                    -- ^ Context passed to the callback-        -> Ptr CString              -- ^ OUT: Error message string-        -> IO CError--type CExecCallback a-     = Ptr a-    -> CColumnCount -- ^ Number of columns, which is the number of elements in-                    --   the following arrays.-    -> Ptr CString  -- ^ Array of column values, as returned by-                    --   'c_sqlite3_column_text'.  Null values are represented-                    --   as null pointers.-    -> Ptr CString  -- ^ Array of column names-    -> IO CInt      -- ^ If the callback returns non-zero, then-                    --   'c_sqlite3_exec' returns @SQLITE_ABORT@-                    --   ('ErrorAbort').--type CTraceCallback a-     = Ptr a-    -> CString      -- ^ UTF-8 rendering of the SQL statement text as-                    -- the statement first begins executing-    -> IO ()---- | A couple important things to know about callbacks from Haskell code:------  * If the callback throws an exception, apparently, the /whole program/ is---    terminated.------  * Remember to call 'freeHaskellFunPtr' when you are done with the wrapper,---    to avoid leaking memory.-foreign import ccall "wrapper"-    mkCExecCallback :: CExecCallback a -> IO (FunPtr (CExecCallback a))--foreign import ccall "wrapper"-    mkCTraceCallback :: CTraceCallback a -> IO (FunPtr (CTraceCallback a))----- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>------ If the query contains no SQL statements, this returns @SQLITE_OK@ and sets--- the @'Ptr' 'CStatement'@ to null.-foreign import ccall "sqlite3_prepare_v2"-    c_sqlite3_prepare_v2-        :: Ptr CDatabase-        -> CString              -- ^ SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded-        -> CNumBytes            -- ^ Maximum length of the SQL statement,-                                --   in bytes.  If this is negative, then the-                                --   SQL statement is treated as a-                                --   NUL-terminated string.-        -> Ptr (Ptr CStatement) -- ^ OUT: Statement handle.  This must not be null.-        -> Ptr CString          -- ^ OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql-        -> IO CError---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/db_handle.html>-foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_db_handle"-    c_sqlite3_db_handle :: Ptr CStatement -> IO (Ptr CDatabase)---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/step.html>-foreign import ccall "sqlite3_step"-    c_sqlite3_step :: Ptr CStatement -> IO CError---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/reset.html>------ /Warning:/ If the most recent 'c_sqlite3_step' call failed,--- this will return the corresponding error code.-foreign import ccall "sqlite3_reset"-    c_sqlite3_reset :: Ptr CStatement -> IO CError---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/finalize.html>------ /Warning:/ If the most recent 'c_sqlite3_step' call failed,--- this will return the corresponding error code.-foreign import ccall "sqlite3_finalize"-    c_sqlite3_finalize :: Ptr CStatement -> IO CError---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/clear_bindings.html>------ A look at the source reveals that this function always returns @SQLITE_OK@.-foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_clear_bindings"-    c_sqlite3_clear_bindings :: Ptr CStatement -> IO CError---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/sql.html>-foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_sql"-    c_sqlite3_sql :: Ptr CStatement -> IO CString---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_parameter_count.html>------ This returns the index of the largest (rightmost) parameter, which is not--- necessarily the number of parameters.  If numbered parameters like @?5@--- are used, there may be gaps in the list.-foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_bind_parameter_count"-    c_sqlite3_bind_parameter_count :: Ptr CStatement -> IO CParamIndex---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_parameter_name.html>-foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_bind_parameter_name"-    c_sqlite3_bind_parameter_name :: Ptr CStatement -> CParamIndex -> IO CString---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_parameter_index.html>-foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_bind_parameter_index"-    c_sqlite3_bind_parameter_index :: Ptr CStatement -> CString -> IO CParamIndex---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_count.html>-foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_column_count"-    c_sqlite3_column_count :: Ptr CStatement -> IO CColumnCount---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_name.html>-foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_column_name"-    c_sqlite3_column_name :: Ptr CStatement -> CColumnIndex -> IO CString---foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_bind_blob"-    c_sqlite3_bind_blob-        :: Ptr CStatement-        -> CParamIndex      -- ^ Index of the SQL parameter to be set-        -> Ptr a            -- ^ Value to bind to the parameter.-                            ---                            --   /Warning:/ If this pointer is @NULL@, this-                            --   will bind a null value, rather than an empty blob.-        -> CNumBytes        -- ^ Length, in bytes.  This must not be negative.-        -> Ptr CDestructor-        -> IO CError--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_bind_zeroblob"-    c_sqlite3_bind_zeroblob-        :: Ptr CStatement -> CParamIndex -> CInt -> IO CError--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_bind_text"-    c_sqlite3_bind_text-        :: Ptr CStatement-        -> CParamIndex-        -> CString          -- ^ /Warning:/ If this pointer is @NULL@, this-                            --   will bind a null value, rather than an empty text.-        -> CNumBytes        -- ^ Length, in bytes.  If this is negative,-                            --   the value is treated as a NUL-terminated string.-        -> Ptr CDestructor-        -> IO CError--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_bind_double"-    c_sqlite3_bind_double   :: Ptr CStatement -> CParamIndex -> Double -> IO CError--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_bind_int64"-    c_sqlite3_bind_int64    :: Ptr CStatement -> CParamIndex -> Int64 -> IO CError--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_bind_null"-    c_sqlite3_bind_null     :: Ptr CStatement -> CParamIndex -> IO CError---foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_column_type"-    c_sqlite3_column_type   :: Ptr CStatement -> CColumnIndex -> IO CColumnType--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_column_bytes"-    c_sqlite3_column_bytes  :: Ptr CStatement -> CColumnIndex -> IO CNumBytes--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_column_blob"-    c_sqlite3_column_blob   :: Ptr CStatement -> CColumnIndex -> IO (Ptr a)--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_column_text"-    c_sqlite3_column_text   :: Ptr CStatement -> CColumnIndex -> IO CString--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_column_int64"-    c_sqlite3_column_int64  :: Ptr CStatement -> CColumnIndex -> IO Int64--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_column_double"-    c_sqlite3_column_double :: Ptr CStatement -> CColumnIndex -> IO Double----- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/last_insert_rowid.html>-foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_last_insert_rowid"-    c_sqlite3_last_insert_rowid :: Ptr CDatabase -> IO Int64---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/changes.html>-foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_changes"-    c_sqlite3_changes :: Ptr CDatabase -> IO CInt---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/total_changes.html>-foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_total_changes"-    c_sqlite3_total_changes :: Ptr CDatabase -> IO CInt---- do not use unsafe import here, it might call back to haskell--- via the CFuncDestroy argument--- | <http://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_function.html>-foreign import ccall "sqlite3_create_function_v2"-    c_sqlite3_create_function_v2-        :: Ptr CDatabase-        -> CString         -- ^ Name of the function-        -> CArgCount       -- ^ Number of arguments-        -> CInt            -- ^ Preferred text encoding (also used to pass flags)-        -> Ptr a           -- ^ User data-        -> FunPtr CFunc-        -> FunPtr CFunc-        -> FunPtr CFuncFinal-        -> FunPtr (CFuncDestroy a)-        -> IO CError--type CFunc          = Ptr CContext -> CArgCount -> Ptr (Ptr CValue) -> IO ()--type CFuncFinal     = Ptr CContext -> IO ()--type CFuncDestroy a = Ptr a -> IO ()--foreign import ccall "wrapper"-    mkCFunc        :: CFunc          -> IO (FunPtr CFunc)--foreign import ccall "wrapper"-    mkCFuncFinal   :: CFuncFinal     -> IO (FunPtr CFuncFinal)--foreign import ccall "wrapper"-    mkCFuncDestroy :: CFuncDestroy a -> IO (FunPtr (CFuncDestroy a))---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/user_data.html>-foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_user_data"-    c_sqlite3_user_data :: Ptr CContext -> IO (Ptr a)---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/context_db_handle.html>-foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_context_db_handle"-    c_sqlite3_context_db_handle :: Ptr CContext -> IO (Ptr CDatabase)---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/aggregate_context.html>-foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_aggregate_context"-    c_sqlite3_aggregate_context :: Ptr CContext -> CNumBytes -> IO (Ptr a)---foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_value_type"-    c_sqlite3_value_type   :: Ptr CValue -> IO CColumnType--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_value_bytes"-    c_sqlite3_value_bytes  :: Ptr CValue -> IO CNumBytes--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_value_blob"-    c_sqlite3_value_blob   :: Ptr CValue -> IO (Ptr a)--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_value_text"-    c_sqlite3_value_text   :: Ptr CValue -> IO CString--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_value_int64"-    c_sqlite3_value_int64  :: Ptr CValue -> IO Int64--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_value_double"-    c_sqlite3_value_double :: Ptr CValue -> IO Double---foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_result_null"-    c_sqlite3_result_null     :: Ptr CContext -> IO ()--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_result_blob"-    c_sqlite3_result_blob     :: Ptr CContext -> Ptr a -> CNumBytes -> Ptr CDestructor -> IO ()--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_result_zeroblob"-    c_sqlite3_result_zeroblob :: Ptr CContext -> CNumBytes -> IO ()--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_result_text"-    c_sqlite3_result_text     :: Ptr CContext -> CString -> CNumBytes -> Ptr CDestructor -> IO ()--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_result_int64"-    c_sqlite3_result_int64    :: Ptr CContext -> Int64 -> IO ()--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_result_double"-    c_sqlite3_result_double   :: Ptr CContext -> Double -> IO ()--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_result_value"-    c_sqlite3_result_value    :: Ptr CContext -> Ptr CValue -> IO ()--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_result_error"-    c_sqlite3_result_error    :: Ptr CContext -> CString -> CNumBytes -> IO ()----- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/create_collation.html>-foreign import ccall "sqlite3_create_collation_v2"-    c_sqlite3_create_collation_v2-        :: Ptr CDatabase-        -> CString         -- ^ Name of the collation-        -> CInt            -- ^ Text encoding-        -> Ptr a           -- ^ User data-        -> FunPtr (CCompare a)-        -> FunPtr (CFuncDestroy a)-        -> IO CError--type CCompare a = Ptr a -> CNumBytes -> CString -> CNumBytes -> CString -> IO CInt--foreign import ccall "wrapper"-    mkCCompare :: CCompare a -> IO (FunPtr (CCompare a))----- | <http://sqlite.org/c3ref/free.html>-foreign import ccall "sqlite3_free"-    c_sqlite3_free :: Ptr a -> IO ()----- | <http://sqlite.org/c3ref/enable_load_extension.html>-foreign import ccall "sqlite3_enable_load_extension"-    c_sqlite3_enable_load_extension :: Ptr CDatabase -> Bool -> IO CError----- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/wal_hook.html>-foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_wal_hook"-    c_sqlite3_wal_hook :: Ptr CDatabase -> FunPtr CWalHook -> Ptr a -> IO (Ptr ())--type CWalHook = Ptr () -> Ptr CDatabase -> CString -> CInt -> IO CError--foreign import ccall "wrapper"-    mkCWalHook :: CWalHook -> IO (FunPtr CWalHook)----- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_open.html>-foreign import ccall "sqlite3_blob_open"-    c_sqlite3_blob_open-        :: Ptr CDatabase-        -> CString         -- ^ Database name-        -> CString         -- ^ Table name-        -> CString         -- ^ Column name-        -> Int64           -- ^ Row ROWID-        -> CInt            -- ^ Flags-        -> Ptr (Ptr CBlob) -- ^ OUT: Blob handle, will be NULL on error-        -> IO CError---- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_close.html>-foreign import ccall "sqlite3_blob_close"-    c_sqlite3_blob_close :: Ptr CBlob -> IO CError---- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_reopen.html>-foreign import ccall "sqlite3_blob_reopen"-    c_sqlite3_blob_reopen :: Ptr CBlob -> Int64 -> IO CError---- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_bytes.html>-foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_blob_bytes"-    c_sqlite3_blob_bytes :: Ptr CBlob -> IO CInt---- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_read.html>-foreign import ccall "sqlite3_blob_read"-    c_sqlite3_blob_read :: Ptr CBlob -> Ptr a -> CInt -> CInt -> IO CError---- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_write.html>-foreign import ccall "sqlite3_blob_write"-    c_sqlite3_blob_write :: Ptr CBlob -> Ptr a -> CInt -> CInt -> IO CError---foreign import ccall "sqlite3_backup_init"-    c_sqlite3_backup_init-        :: Ptr CDatabase  -- ^ Destination database handle-        -> CString        -- ^ Destination database name-        -> Ptr CDatabase  -- ^ Source database handle-        -> CString        -- ^ Source database name-        -> IO (Ptr CBackup)--foreign import ccall "sqlite3_backup_finish"-    c_sqlite3_backup_finish :: Ptr CBackup -> IO CError--foreign import ccall "sqlite3_backup_step"-    c_sqlite3_backup_step :: Ptr CBackup -> CInt -> IO CError--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_backup_remaining"-    c_sqlite3_backup_remaining :: Ptr CBackup -> IO CInt--foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_backup_pagecount"-    c_sqlite3_backup_pagecount :: Ptr CBackup -> IO CInt+{-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-}
+module Database.SQLite3.Bindings (
+    module Database.SQLite3.Bindings.Types,
+
+    -- * Connection management
+    c_sqlite3_open,
+    c_sqlite3_close,
+    c_sqlite3_errcode,
+    c_sqlite3_errmsg,
+    c_sqlite3_interrupt,
+    c_sqlite3_trace,
+    CTraceCallback,
+    mkCTraceCallback,
+    c_sqlite3_get_autocommit,
+    c_sqlite3_enable_shared_cache,
+
+    -- * Simple query execution
+    -- | <http://sqlite.org/c3ref/exec.html>
+    c_sqlite3_exec,
+    CExecCallback,
+    mkCExecCallback,
+
+    -- * Statement management
+    c_sqlite3_prepare_v2,
+    c_sqlite3_db_handle,
+    c_sqlite3_step,
+    c_sqlite3_reset,
+    c_sqlite3_finalize,
+    c_sqlite3_clear_bindings,
+    c_sqlite3_sql,
+
+    -- * Parameter and column information
+    c_sqlite3_bind_parameter_count,
+    c_sqlite3_bind_parameter_name,
+    c_sqlite3_bind_parameter_index,
+    c_sqlite3_column_count,
+    c_sqlite3_column_name,
+
+    -- * Binding Values To Prepared Statements
+    -- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>
+    c_sqlite3_bind_blob,
+    c_sqlite3_bind_zeroblob,
+    c_sqlite3_bind_text,
+    c_sqlite3_bind_double,
+    c_sqlite3_bind_int64,
+    c_sqlite3_bind_null,
+
+    -- * Result Values From A Query
+    -- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_blob.html>
+    c_sqlite3_column_type,
+    c_sqlite3_column_bytes,
+    c_sqlite3_column_blob,
+    c_sqlite3_column_int64,
+    c_sqlite3_column_double,
+    c_sqlite3_column_text,
+
+    -- * Result statistics
+    c_sqlite3_last_insert_rowid,
+    c_sqlite3_changes,
+    c_sqlite3_total_changes,
+
+    -- * Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
+    c_sqlite3_create_function_v2,
+    CFunc,
+    CFuncFinal,
+    CFuncDestroy,
+    mkCFunc,
+    mkCFuncFinal,
+    mkCFuncDestroy,
+    c_sqlite3_user_data,
+    c_sqlite3_context_db_handle,
+    c_sqlite3_aggregate_context,
+
+    -- * Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
+    -- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/value_blob.html>
+    c_sqlite3_value_type,
+    c_sqlite3_value_bytes,
+    c_sqlite3_value_blob,
+    c_sqlite3_value_text,
+    c_sqlite3_value_int64,
+    c_sqlite3_value_double,
+
+    -- * Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
+    -- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/result_blob.html>
+    c_sqlite3_result_null,
+    c_sqlite3_result_blob,
+    c_sqlite3_result_zeroblob,
+    c_sqlite3_result_text,
+    c_sqlite3_result_int64,
+    c_sqlite3_result_double,
+    c_sqlite3_result_value,
+    c_sqlite3_result_error,
+
+    -- * Define New Collating Sequences
+    c_sqlite3_create_collation_v2,
+    CCompare,
+    mkCCompare,
+
+    -- * Miscellaneous
+    c_sqlite3_free,
+
+    -- * Extensions
+    c_sqlite3_enable_load_extension,
+
+    -- * Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
+    c_sqlite3_wal_hook,
+    CWalHook,
+    mkCWalHook,
+
+    -- * Incremental blob I/O
+    c_sqlite3_blob_open,
+    c_sqlite3_blob_close,
+    c_sqlite3_blob_reopen,
+    c_sqlite3_blob_bytes,
+    c_sqlite3_blob_read,
+    c_sqlite3_blob_write,
+
+    -- * Online Backup API
+    -- | <https://www.sqlite.org/backup.html> and
+    -- <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html>
+    c_sqlite3_backup_init,
+    c_sqlite3_backup_finish,
+    c_sqlite3_backup_step,
+    c_sqlite3_backup_remaining,
+    c_sqlite3_backup_pagecount,
+) where
+
+import Database.SQLite3.Bindings.Types
+
+import Foreign
+import Foreign.C
+
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/open.html>
+--
+-- This sets the @'Ptr CDatabase'@ even on failure.
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_open"
+    c_sqlite3_open :: CString -> Ptr (Ptr CDatabase) -> IO CError
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/close.html>
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_close"
+    c_sqlite3_close :: Ptr CDatabase -> IO CError
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/errcode.html>
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_errcode"
+    c_sqlite3_errcode :: Ptr CDatabase -> IO CError
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/errcode.html>
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_errmsg"
+    c_sqlite3_errmsg :: Ptr CDatabase -> IO CString
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/interrupt.html>
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_interrupt"
+    c_sqlite3_interrupt :: Ptr CDatabase -> IO ()
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/profile.html>
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_trace"
+    c_sqlite3_trace
+        :: Ptr CDatabase
+        -> FunPtr (CTraceCallback a) -- ^ Optional callback function called for each row
+        -> Ptr a                     -- ^ Context passed to the callback
+        -> IO (Ptr ())               -- ^ Returns context pointer from previously
+                                     --   registered trace
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/get_autocommit.html>
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_get_autocommit"
+    c_sqlite3_get_autocommit :: Ptr CDatabase -> IO CInt
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/enable_shared_cache.html>
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_enable_shared_cache"
+    c_sqlite3_enable_shared_cache :: CInt -> IO CError
+
+
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_exec"
+    c_sqlite3_exec
+        :: Ptr CDatabase
+        -> CString                  -- ^ SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded
+        -> FunPtr (CExecCallback a) -- ^ Optional callback function called for each row
+        -> Ptr a                    -- ^ Context passed to the callback
+        -> Ptr CString              -- ^ OUT: Error message string
+        -> IO CError
+
+type CExecCallback a
+     = Ptr a
+    -> CColumnCount -- ^ Number of columns, which is the number of elements in
+                    --   the following arrays.
+    -> Ptr CString  -- ^ Array of column values, as returned by
+                    --   'c_sqlite3_column_text'.  Null values are represented
+                    --   as null pointers.
+    -> Ptr CString  -- ^ Array of column names
+    -> IO CInt      -- ^ If the callback returns non-zero, then
+                    --   'c_sqlite3_exec' returns @SQLITE_ABORT@
+                    --   ('ErrorAbort').
+
+type CTraceCallback a
+     = Ptr a
+    -> CString      -- ^ UTF-8 rendering of the SQL statement text as
+                    -- the statement first begins executing
+    -> IO ()
+
+-- | A couple important things to know about callbacks from Haskell code:
+--
+--  * If the callback throws an exception, apparently, the /whole program/ is
+--    terminated.
+--
+--  * Remember to call 'freeHaskellFunPtr' when you are done with the wrapper,
+--    to avoid leaking memory.
+foreign import ccall "wrapper"
+    mkCExecCallback :: CExecCallback a -> IO (FunPtr (CExecCallback a))
+
+foreign import ccall "wrapper"
+    mkCTraceCallback :: CTraceCallback a -> IO (FunPtr (CTraceCallback a))
+
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>
+--
+-- If the query contains no SQL statements, this returns @SQLITE_OK@ and sets
+-- the @'Ptr' 'CStatement'@ to null.
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_prepare_v2"
+    c_sqlite3_prepare_v2
+        :: Ptr CDatabase
+        -> CString              -- ^ SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded
+        -> CNumBytes            -- ^ Maximum length of the SQL statement,
+                                --   in bytes.  If this is negative, then the
+                                --   SQL statement is treated as a
+                                --   NUL-terminated string.
+        -> Ptr (Ptr CStatement) -- ^ OUT: Statement handle.  This must not be null.
+        -> Ptr CString          -- ^ OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql
+        -> IO CError
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/db_handle.html>
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_db_handle"
+    c_sqlite3_db_handle :: Ptr CStatement -> IO (Ptr CDatabase)
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/step.html>
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_step"
+    c_sqlite3_step :: Ptr CStatement -> IO CError
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/reset.html>
+--
+-- /Warning:/ If the most recent 'c_sqlite3_step' call failed,
+-- this will return the corresponding error code.
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_reset"
+    c_sqlite3_reset :: Ptr CStatement -> IO CError
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/finalize.html>
+--
+-- /Warning:/ If the most recent 'c_sqlite3_step' call failed,
+-- this will return the corresponding error code.
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_finalize"
+    c_sqlite3_finalize :: Ptr CStatement -> IO CError
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/clear_bindings.html>
+--
+-- A look at the source reveals that this function always returns @SQLITE_OK@.
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_clear_bindings"
+    c_sqlite3_clear_bindings :: Ptr CStatement -> IO CError
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/sql.html>
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_sql"
+    c_sqlite3_sql :: Ptr CStatement -> IO CString
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_parameter_count.html>
+--
+-- This returns the index of the largest (rightmost) parameter, which is not
+-- necessarily the number of parameters.  If numbered parameters like @?5@
+-- are used, there may be gaps in the list.
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_bind_parameter_count"
+    c_sqlite3_bind_parameter_count :: Ptr CStatement -> IO CParamIndex
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_parameter_name.html>
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_bind_parameter_name"
+    c_sqlite3_bind_parameter_name :: Ptr CStatement -> CParamIndex -> IO CString
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_parameter_index.html>
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_bind_parameter_index"
+    c_sqlite3_bind_parameter_index :: Ptr CStatement -> CString -> IO CParamIndex
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_count.html>
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_column_count"
+    c_sqlite3_column_count :: Ptr CStatement -> IO CColumnCount
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_name.html>
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_column_name"
+    c_sqlite3_column_name :: Ptr CStatement -> CColumnIndex -> IO CString
+
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_bind_blob"
+    c_sqlite3_bind_blob
+        :: Ptr CStatement
+        -> CParamIndex      -- ^ Index of the SQL parameter to be set
+        -> Ptr a            -- ^ Value to bind to the parameter.
+                            --
+                            --   /Warning:/ If this pointer is @NULL@, this
+                            --   will bind a null value, rather than an empty blob.
+        -> CNumBytes        -- ^ Length, in bytes.  This must not be negative.
+        -> Ptr CDestructor
+        -> IO CError
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_bind_zeroblob"
+    c_sqlite3_bind_zeroblob
+        :: Ptr CStatement -> CParamIndex -> CInt -> IO CError
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_bind_text"
+    c_sqlite3_bind_text
+        :: Ptr CStatement
+        -> CParamIndex
+        -> CString          -- ^ /Warning:/ If this pointer is @NULL@, this
+                            --   will bind a null value, rather than an empty text.
+        -> CNumBytes        -- ^ Length, in bytes.  If this is negative,
+                            --   the value is treated as a NUL-terminated string.
+        -> Ptr CDestructor
+        -> IO CError
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_bind_double"
+    c_sqlite3_bind_double   :: Ptr CStatement -> CParamIndex -> Double -> IO CError
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_bind_int64"
+    c_sqlite3_bind_int64    :: Ptr CStatement -> CParamIndex -> Int64 -> IO CError
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_bind_null"
+    c_sqlite3_bind_null     :: Ptr CStatement -> CParamIndex -> IO CError
+
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_column_type"
+    c_sqlite3_column_type   :: Ptr CStatement -> CColumnIndex -> IO CColumnType
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_column_bytes"
+    c_sqlite3_column_bytes  :: Ptr CStatement -> CColumnIndex -> IO CNumBytes
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_column_blob"
+    c_sqlite3_column_blob   :: Ptr CStatement -> CColumnIndex -> IO (Ptr a)
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_column_text"
+    c_sqlite3_column_text   :: Ptr CStatement -> CColumnIndex -> IO CString
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_column_int64"
+    c_sqlite3_column_int64  :: Ptr CStatement -> CColumnIndex -> IO Int64
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_column_double"
+    c_sqlite3_column_double :: Ptr CStatement -> CColumnIndex -> IO Double
+
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/last_insert_rowid.html>
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_last_insert_rowid"
+    c_sqlite3_last_insert_rowid :: Ptr CDatabase -> IO Int64
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/changes.html>
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_changes"
+    c_sqlite3_changes :: Ptr CDatabase -> IO CInt
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/total_changes.html>
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_total_changes"
+    c_sqlite3_total_changes :: Ptr CDatabase -> IO CInt
+
+-- do not use unsafe import here, it might call back to haskell
+-- via the CFuncDestroy argument
+-- | <http://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_function.html>
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_create_function_v2"
+    c_sqlite3_create_function_v2
+        :: Ptr CDatabase
+        -> CString         -- ^ Name of the function
+        -> CArgCount       -- ^ Number of arguments
+        -> CInt            -- ^ Preferred text encoding (also used to pass flags)
+        -> Ptr a           -- ^ User data
+        -> FunPtr CFunc
+        -> FunPtr CFunc
+        -> FunPtr CFuncFinal
+        -> FunPtr (CFuncDestroy a)
+        -> IO CError
+
+type CFunc          = Ptr CContext -> CArgCount -> Ptr (Ptr CValue) -> IO ()
+
+type CFuncFinal     = Ptr CContext -> IO ()
+
+type CFuncDestroy a = Ptr a -> IO ()
+
+foreign import ccall "wrapper"
+    mkCFunc        :: CFunc          -> IO (FunPtr CFunc)
+
+foreign import ccall "wrapper"
+    mkCFuncFinal   :: CFuncFinal     -> IO (FunPtr CFuncFinal)
+
+foreign import ccall "wrapper"
+    mkCFuncDestroy :: CFuncDestroy a -> IO (FunPtr (CFuncDestroy a))
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/user_data.html>
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_user_data"
+    c_sqlite3_user_data :: Ptr CContext -> IO (Ptr a)
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/context_db_handle.html>
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_context_db_handle"
+    c_sqlite3_context_db_handle :: Ptr CContext -> IO (Ptr CDatabase)
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/aggregate_context.html>
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_aggregate_context"
+    c_sqlite3_aggregate_context :: Ptr CContext -> CNumBytes -> IO (Ptr a)
+
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_value_type"
+    c_sqlite3_value_type   :: Ptr CValue -> IO CColumnType
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_value_bytes"
+    c_sqlite3_value_bytes  :: Ptr CValue -> IO CNumBytes
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_value_blob"
+    c_sqlite3_value_blob   :: Ptr CValue -> IO (Ptr a)
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_value_text"
+    c_sqlite3_value_text   :: Ptr CValue -> IO CString
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_value_int64"
+    c_sqlite3_value_int64  :: Ptr CValue -> IO Int64
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_value_double"
+    c_sqlite3_value_double :: Ptr CValue -> IO Double
+
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_result_null"
+    c_sqlite3_result_null     :: Ptr CContext -> IO ()
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_result_blob"
+    c_sqlite3_result_blob     :: Ptr CContext -> Ptr a -> CNumBytes -> Ptr CDestructor -> IO ()
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_result_zeroblob"
+    c_sqlite3_result_zeroblob :: Ptr CContext -> CNumBytes -> IO ()
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_result_text"
+    c_sqlite3_result_text     :: Ptr CContext -> CString -> CNumBytes -> Ptr CDestructor -> IO ()
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_result_int64"
+    c_sqlite3_result_int64    :: Ptr CContext -> Int64 -> IO ()
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_result_double"
+    c_sqlite3_result_double   :: Ptr CContext -> Double -> IO ()
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_result_value"
+    c_sqlite3_result_value    :: Ptr CContext -> Ptr CValue -> IO ()
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_result_error"
+    c_sqlite3_result_error    :: Ptr CContext -> CString -> CNumBytes -> IO ()
+
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/create_collation.html>
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_create_collation_v2"
+    c_sqlite3_create_collation_v2
+        :: Ptr CDatabase
+        -> CString         -- ^ Name of the collation
+        -> CInt            -- ^ Text encoding
+        -> Ptr a           -- ^ User data
+        -> FunPtr (CCompare a)
+        -> FunPtr (CFuncDestroy a)
+        -> IO CError
+
+type CCompare a = Ptr a -> CNumBytes -> CString -> CNumBytes -> CString -> IO CInt
+
+foreign import ccall "wrapper"
+    mkCCompare :: CCompare a -> IO (FunPtr (CCompare a))
+
+
+-- | <http://sqlite.org/c3ref/free.html>
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_free"
+    c_sqlite3_free :: Ptr a -> IO ()
+
+
+-- | <http://sqlite.org/c3ref/enable_load_extension.html>
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_enable_load_extension"
+    c_sqlite3_enable_load_extension :: Ptr CDatabase -> Bool -> IO CError
+
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/wal_hook.html>
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_wal_hook"
+    c_sqlite3_wal_hook :: Ptr CDatabase -> FunPtr CWalHook -> Ptr a -> IO (Ptr ())
+
+type CWalHook = Ptr () -> Ptr CDatabase -> CString -> CInt -> IO CError
+
+foreign import ccall "wrapper"
+    mkCWalHook :: CWalHook -> IO (FunPtr CWalHook)
+
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_open.html>
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_blob_open"
+    c_sqlite3_blob_open
+        :: Ptr CDatabase
+        -> CString         -- ^ Database name
+        -> CString         -- ^ Table name
+        -> CString         -- ^ Column name
+        -> Int64           -- ^ Row ROWID
+        -> CInt            -- ^ Flags
+        -> Ptr (Ptr CBlob) -- ^ OUT: Blob handle, will be NULL on error
+        -> IO CError
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_close.html>
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_blob_close"
+    c_sqlite3_blob_close :: Ptr CBlob -> IO CError
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_reopen.html>
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_blob_reopen"
+    c_sqlite3_blob_reopen :: Ptr CBlob -> Int64 -> IO CError
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_bytes.html>
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_blob_bytes"
+    c_sqlite3_blob_bytes :: Ptr CBlob -> IO CInt
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_read.html>
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_blob_read"
+    c_sqlite3_blob_read :: Ptr CBlob -> Ptr a -> CInt -> CInt -> IO CError
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_write.html>
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_blob_write"
+    c_sqlite3_blob_write :: Ptr CBlob -> Ptr a -> CInt -> CInt -> IO CError
+
+
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_backup_init"
+    c_sqlite3_backup_init
+        :: Ptr CDatabase  -- ^ Destination database handle
+        -> CString        -- ^ Destination database name
+        -> Ptr CDatabase  -- ^ Source database handle
+        -> CString        -- ^ Source database name
+        -> IO (Ptr CBackup)
+
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_backup_finish"
+    c_sqlite3_backup_finish :: Ptr CBackup -> IO CError
+
+foreign import ccall "sqlite3_backup_step"
+    c_sqlite3_backup_step :: Ptr CBackup -> CInt -> IO CError
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_backup_remaining"
+    c_sqlite3_backup_remaining :: Ptr CBackup -> IO CInt
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "sqlite3_backup_pagecount"
+    c_sqlite3_backup_pagecount :: Ptr CBackup -> IO CInt
Database/SQLite3/Bindings/Types.hsc view
@@ -1,374 +1,374 @@-{-# LANGUAGE EmptyDataDecls #-}-{-# LANGUAGE FunctionalDependencies #-}-{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}-{-# LANGUAGE GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving #-}-module Database.SQLite3.Bindings.Types (-    -- * Objects-    -- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/objlist.html>-    CDatabase,-    CStatement,-    CValue,-    CContext,-    CBlob,-    CBackup,--    -- * Enumerations--    -- ** Error-    CError(..),-    decodeError,-    encodeError,-    Error(..),--    -- ** ColumnType-    CColumnType(..),-    decodeColumnType,-    encodeColumnType,-    ColumnType(..),--    -- * Indices-    ParamIndex(..),-    ColumnIndex(..),-    ColumnCount,--    -- ** Indices (FFI)-    CParamIndex(..),-    CColumnIndex(..),-    CColumnCount,--    -- * Miscellaneous-    CNumBytes(..),-    CDestructor,-    c_SQLITE_TRANSIENT,-    c_SQLITE_UTF8,--    -- * Custom functions-    ArgCount(..),-    ArgIndex,-    CArgCount(..),-    c_SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,--    -- * Conversion to and from FFI types-    FFIType(..),-) where--#ifdef direct_sqlite_systemlib-#include <sqlite3.h>-#else-#include "cbits/sqlite3.h"-#endif--import Foreign.C.Types-import Foreign.Ptr---- Result code documentation copied from <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_abort.html>--data Error = ErrorOK                     -- ^ Successful result-           | ErrorError                  -- ^ SQL error or missing database-           | ErrorInternal               -- ^ Internal logic error in SQLite-           | ErrorPermission             -- ^ Access permission denied-           | ErrorAbort                  -- ^ Callback routine requested an abort-           | ErrorBusy                   -- ^ The database file is locked-           | ErrorLocked                 -- ^ A table in the database is locked-           | ErrorNoMemory               -- ^ A @malloc()@ failed-           | ErrorReadOnly               -- ^ Attempt to write a readonly database-           | ErrorInterrupt              -- ^ Operation terminated by @sqlite3_interrupt()@-           | ErrorIO                     -- ^ Some kind of disk I/O error occurred-           | ErrorCorrupt                -- ^ The database disk image is malformed-           | ErrorNotFound               -- ^ Unknown opcode in @sqlite3_file_control()@-           | ErrorFull                   -- ^ Insertion failed because database is full-           | ErrorCan'tOpen              -- ^ Unable to open the database file-           | ErrorProtocol               -- ^ Database lock protocol error-           | ErrorEmpty                  -- ^ Database is empty-           | ErrorSchema                 -- ^ The database schema changed-           | ErrorTooBig                 -- ^ String or BLOB exceeds size limit-           | ErrorConstraint             -- ^ Abort due to constraint violation-           | ErrorMismatch               -- ^ Data type mismatch-           | ErrorMisuse                 -- ^ Library used incorrectly-           | ErrorNoLargeFileSupport     -- ^ Uses OS features not supported on host-           | ErrorAuthorization          -- ^ Authorization denied-           | ErrorFormat                 -- ^ Auxiliary database format error-           | ErrorRange                  -- ^ 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range-           | ErrorNotADatabase           -- ^ File opened that is not a database file-           | ErrorRow                    -- ^ @sqlite3_step()@ has another row ready-           | ErrorDone                   -- ^ @sqlite3_step()@ has finished executing-             deriving (Eq, Show)--data ColumnType = IntegerColumn-                | FloatColumn-                | TextColumn-                | BlobColumn-                | NullColumn-                  deriving (Eq, Show)---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/sqlite3.html>------ @CDatabase@ = @sqlite3@-data CDatabase---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/stmt.html>------ @CStatement@ = @sqlite3_stmt@-data CStatement---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/value.html>------ @CValue@ = @sqlite3_value@-data CValue---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/context.html>------ @CContext@ = @sqlite3_context@-data CContext---- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob.html>------ @CBlob@ = @sqlite3_blob@-data CBlob---- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/backup.html>------ @CBackup@ = @sqlite3_backup@-data CBackup---- | Index of a parameter in a parameterized query.--- Parameter indices start from 1.------ When a query is 'Database.SQLite3.prepare'd, SQLite allocates an--- array indexed from 1 to the highest parameter index.  For example:------ >>Right stmt <- prepare conn "SELECT ?1, ?5, ?3, ?"--- >>bindParameterCount stmt--- >ParamIndex 6------ This will allocate an array indexed from 1 to 6 (@?@ takes the highest--- preceding index plus one).  The array is initialized with null values.--- When you bind a parameter with 'Database.SQLite3.bindSQLData', it assigns a--- new value to one of these indices.------ See <http://www.sqlite.org/lang_expr.html#varparam> for the syntax of--- parameter placeholders, and how parameter indices are assigned.-newtype ParamIndex = ParamIndex Int-    deriving (Eq, Ord, Enum, Num, Real, Integral)---- | This just shows the underlying integer, without the data constructor.-instance Show ParamIndex where-    show (ParamIndex n) = show n---- | Limit min/max bounds to fit into SQLite's native parameter ranges.-instance Bounded ParamIndex where-    minBound = ParamIndex (fromIntegral (minBound :: CInt))-    maxBound = ParamIndex (fromIntegral (maxBound :: CInt))---- | Index of a column in a result set.  Column indices start from 0.-newtype ColumnIndex = ColumnIndex Int-    deriving (Eq, Ord, Enum, Num, Real, Integral)---- | This just shows the underlying integer, without the data constructor.-instance Show ColumnIndex where-    show (ColumnIndex n) = show n---- | Limit min/max bounds to fit into SQLite's native parameter ranges.-instance Bounded ColumnIndex where-    minBound = ColumnIndex (fromIntegral (minBound :: CInt))-    maxBound = ColumnIndex (fromIntegral (maxBound :: CInt))---- | Number of columns in a result set.-type ColumnCount = ColumnIndex--newtype CParamIndex = CParamIndex CInt-    deriving (Eq, Ord, Enum, Num, Real, Integral)---- | This just shows the underlying integer, without the data constructor.-instance Show CParamIndex where-    show (CParamIndex n) = show n--newtype CColumnIndex = CColumnIndex CInt-    deriving (Eq, Ord, Enum, Num, Real, Integral)---- | This just shows the underlying integer, without the data constructor.-instance Show CColumnIndex where-    show (CColumnIndex n) = show n--type CColumnCount = CColumnIndex--newtype CNumBytes = CNumBytes CInt-    deriving (Eq, Ord, Show, Enum, Num, Real, Integral)---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_static.html>------ @Ptr CDestructor@ = @sqlite3_destructor_type@-data CDestructor---- | Tells SQLite3 to make its own private copy of the data-c_SQLITE_TRANSIENT :: Ptr CDestructor-c_SQLITE_TRANSIENT = intPtrToPtr (-1)--c_SQLITE_UTF8 :: CInt-c_SQLITE_UTF8 = #{const SQLITE_UTF8}----- | Number of arguments of a user defined SQL function.-newtype ArgCount = ArgCount Int-    deriving (Eq, Ord, Enum, Num, Real, Integral)---- | This just shows the underlying integer, without the data constructor.-instance Show ArgCount where-    show (ArgCount n) = show n--instance Bounded ArgCount where-    minBound = ArgCount 0-    maxBound = ArgCount (#{const SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG})---- | Index of an argument to a custom function. Indices start from 0.-type ArgIndex = ArgCount--newtype CArgCount = CArgCount CInt-    deriving (Eq, Ord, Enum, Num, Real, Integral)---- | This just shows the underlying integer, without the data constructor.-instance Show CArgCount where-    show (CArgCount n) = show n--instance Bounded CArgCount where-    minBound = CArgCount (-1)-    maxBound = CArgCount #{const SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG}---- | Tells SQLite3 that the defined custom SQL function is deterministic.-c_SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC :: CInt-c_SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC = #{const SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC}----- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_abort.html>-newtype CError = CError CInt-    deriving (Eq, Show)---- | Note that this is a partial function.  If the error code is invalid, or--- perhaps introduced in a newer version of SQLite but this library has not--- been updated to support it, the result is undefined.------ To be clear, if 'decodeError' fails, it is /undefined behavior/, not an--- exception you can handle.------ Therefore, do not use direct-sqlite with a different version of SQLite than--- the one bundled (currently, 3.7.13).  If you do, ensure that 'decodeError'--- and 'decodeColumnType' are still exhaustive.-decodeError :: CError -> Error-decodeError (CError n) = case n of-    #{const SQLITE_OK}         -> ErrorOK-    #{const SQLITE_ERROR}      -> ErrorError-    #{const SQLITE_INTERNAL}   -> ErrorInternal-    #{const SQLITE_PERM}       -> ErrorPermission-    #{const SQLITE_ABORT}      -> ErrorAbort-    #{const SQLITE_BUSY}       -> ErrorBusy-    #{const SQLITE_LOCKED}     -> ErrorLocked-    #{const SQLITE_NOMEM}      -> ErrorNoMemory-    #{const SQLITE_READONLY}   -> ErrorReadOnly-    #{const SQLITE_INTERRUPT}  -> ErrorInterrupt-    #{const SQLITE_IOERR}      -> ErrorIO-    #{const SQLITE_CORRUPT}    -> ErrorCorrupt-    #{const SQLITE_NOTFOUND}   -> ErrorNotFound-    #{const SQLITE_FULL}       -> ErrorFull-    #{const SQLITE_CANTOPEN}   -> ErrorCan'tOpen-    #{const SQLITE_PROTOCOL}   -> ErrorProtocol-    #{const SQLITE_EMPTY}      -> ErrorEmpty-    #{const SQLITE_SCHEMA}     -> ErrorSchema-    #{const SQLITE_TOOBIG}     -> ErrorTooBig-    #{const SQLITE_CONSTRAINT} -> ErrorConstraint-    #{const SQLITE_MISMATCH}   -> ErrorMismatch-    #{const SQLITE_MISUSE}     -> ErrorMisuse-    #{const SQLITE_NOLFS}      -> ErrorNoLargeFileSupport-    #{const SQLITE_AUTH}       -> ErrorAuthorization-    #{const SQLITE_FORMAT}     -> ErrorFormat-    #{const SQLITE_RANGE}      -> ErrorRange-    #{const SQLITE_NOTADB}     -> ErrorNotADatabase-    #{const SQLITE_ROW}        -> ErrorRow-    #{const SQLITE_DONE}       -> ErrorDone-    _                          -> error $ "decodeError " ++ show n--encodeError :: Error -> CError-encodeError err = CError $ case err of-    ErrorOK                 -> #const SQLITE_OK-    ErrorError              -> #const SQLITE_ERROR-    ErrorInternal           -> #const SQLITE_INTERNAL-    ErrorPermission         -> #const SQLITE_PERM-    ErrorAbort              -> #const SQLITE_ABORT-    ErrorBusy               -> #const SQLITE_BUSY-    ErrorLocked             -> #const SQLITE_LOCKED-    ErrorNoMemory           -> #const SQLITE_NOMEM-    ErrorReadOnly           -> #const SQLITE_READONLY-    ErrorInterrupt          -> #const SQLITE_INTERRUPT-    ErrorIO                 -> #const SQLITE_IOERR-    ErrorCorrupt            -> #const SQLITE_CORRUPT-    ErrorNotFound           -> #const SQLITE_NOTFOUND-    ErrorFull               -> #const SQLITE_FULL-    ErrorCan'tOpen          -> #const SQLITE_CANTOPEN-    ErrorProtocol           -> #const SQLITE_PROTOCOL-    ErrorEmpty              -> #const SQLITE_EMPTY-    ErrorSchema             -> #const SQLITE_SCHEMA-    ErrorTooBig             -> #const SQLITE_TOOBIG-    ErrorConstraint         -> #const SQLITE_CONSTRAINT-    ErrorMismatch           -> #const SQLITE_MISMATCH-    ErrorMisuse             -> #const SQLITE_MISUSE-    ErrorNoLargeFileSupport -> #const SQLITE_NOLFS-    ErrorAuthorization      -> #const SQLITE_AUTH-    ErrorFormat             -> #const SQLITE_FORMAT-    ErrorRange              -> #const SQLITE_RANGE-    ErrorNotADatabase       -> #const SQLITE_NOTADB-    ErrorRow                -> #const SQLITE_ROW-    ErrorDone               -> #const SQLITE_DONE----- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_blob.html>-newtype CColumnType = CColumnType CInt-    deriving (Eq, Show)---- | Note that this is a partial function.--- See 'decodeError' for more information.-decodeColumnType :: CColumnType -> ColumnType-decodeColumnType (CColumnType n) = case n of-    #{const SQLITE_INTEGER} -> IntegerColumn-    #{const SQLITE_FLOAT}   -> FloatColumn-    #{const SQLITE_TEXT}    -> TextColumn-    #{const SQLITE_BLOB}    -> BlobColumn-    #{const SQLITE_NULL}    -> NullColumn-    _                       -> error $ "decodeColumnType " ++ show n--encodeColumnType :: ColumnType -> CColumnType-encodeColumnType t = CColumnType $ case t of-    IntegerColumn -> #const SQLITE_INTEGER-    FloatColumn   -> #const SQLITE_FLOAT-    TextColumn    -> #const SQLITE_TEXT-    BlobColumn    -> #const SQLITE_BLOB-    NullColumn    -> #const SQLITE_NULL----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Conversion to and from FFI types---- | The "Database.SQLite3" and "Database.SQLite3.Direct" modules use--- higher-level representations of some types than those used in the--- FFI signatures ("Database.SQLite3.Bindings").  This typeclass--- helps with the conversions.-class FFIType public ffi | public -> ffi, ffi -> public where-    toFFI   :: public -> ffi-    fromFFI :: ffi -> public--instance FFIType ParamIndex CParamIndex where-    toFFI (ParamIndex n) = CParamIndex (fromIntegral n)-    fromFFI (CParamIndex n) = ParamIndex (fromIntegral n)--instance FFIType ColumnIndex CColumnIndex where-    toFFI (ColumnIndex n) = CColumnIndex (fromIntegral n)-    fromFFI (CColumnIndex n) = ColumnIndex (fromIntegral n)--instance FFIType Error CError where-    toFFI = encodeError-    fromFFI = decodeError--instance FFIType ColumnType CColumnType where-    toFFI = encodeColumnType-    fromFFI = decodeColumnType--instance FFIType ArgCount CArgCount where-    toFFI (ArgCount n)  = CArgCount (fromIntegral n)-    fromFFI (CArgCount n) = ArgCount (fromIntegral n)+{-# LANGUAGE EmptyDataDecls #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FunctionalDependencies #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving #-}
+module Database.SQLite3.Bindings.Types (
+    -- * Objects
+    -- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/objlist.html>
+    CDatabase,
+    CStatement,
+    CValue,
+    CContext,
+    CBlob,
+    CBackup,
+
+    -- * Enumerations
+
+    -- ** Error
+    CError(..),
+    decodeError,
+    encodeError,
+    Error(..),
+
+    -- ** ColumnType
+    CColumnType(..),
+    decodeColumnType,
+    encodeColumnType,
+    ColumnType(..),
+
+    -- * Indices
+    ParamIndex(..),
+    ColumnIndex(..),
+    ColumnCount,
+
+    -- ** Indices (FFI)
+    CParamIndex(..),
+    CColumnIndex(..),
+    CColumnCount,
+
+    -- * Miscellaneous
+    CNumBytes(..),
+    CDestructor,
+    c_SQLITE_TRANSIENT,
+    c_SQLITE_UTF8,
+
+    -- * Custom functions
+    ArgCount(..),
+    ArgIndex,
+    CArgCount(..),
+    c_SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,
+
+    -- * Conversion to and from FFI types
+    FFIType(..),
+) where
+
+#ifdef direct_sqlite_systemlib
+#include <sqlite3.h>
+#else
+#include "cbits/sqlite3.h"
+#endif
+
+import Foreign.C.Types
+import Foreign.Ptr
+
+-- Result code documentation copied from <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_abort.html>
+
+data Error = ErrorOK                     -- ^ Successful result
+           | ErrorError                  -- ^ SQL error or missing database
+           | ErrorInternal               -- ^ Internal logic error in SQLite
+           | ErrorPermission             -- ^ Access permission denied
+           | ErrorAbort                  -- ^ Callback routine requested an abort
+           | ErrorBusy                   -- ^ The database file is locked
+           | ErrorLocked                 -- ^ A table in the database is locked
+           | ErrorNoMemory               -- ^ A @malloc()@ failed
+           | ErrorReadOnly               -- ^ Attempt to write a readonly database
+           | ErrorInterrupt              -- ^ Operation terminated by @sqlite3_interrupt()@
+           | ErrorIO                     -- ^ Some kind of disk I/O error occurred
+           | ErrorCorrupt                -- ^ The database disk image is malformed
+           | ErrorNotFound               -- ^ Unknown opcode in @sqlite3_file_control()@
+           | ErrorFull                   -- ^ Insertion failed because database is full
+           | ErrorCan'tOpen              -- ^ Unable to open the database file
+           | ErrorProtocol               -- ^ Database lock protocol error
+           | ErrorEmpty                  -- ^ Database is empty
+           | ErrorSchema                 -- ^ The database schema changed
+           | ErrorTooBig                 -- ^ String or BLOB exceeds size limit
+           | ErrorConstraint             -- ^ Abort due to constraint violation
+           | ErrorMismatch               -- ^ Data type mismatch
+           | ErrorMisuse                 -- ^ Library used incorrectly
+           | ErrorNoLargeFileSupport     -- ^ Uses OS features not supported on host
+           | ErrorAuthorization          -- ^ Authorization denied
+           | ErrorFormat                 -- ^ Auxiliary database format error
+           | ErrorRange                  -- ^ 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range
+           | ErrorNotADatabase           -- ^ File opened that is not a database file
+           | ErrorRow                    -- ^ @sqlite3_step()@ has another row ready
+           | ErrorDone                   -- ^ @sqlite3_step()@ has finished executing
+             deriving (Eq, Show)
+
+data ColumnType = IntegerColumn
+                | FloatColumn
+                | TextColumn
+                | BlobColumn
+                | NullColumn
+                  deriving (Eq, Show)
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/sqlite3.html>
+--
+-- @CDatabase@ = @sqlite3@
+data CDatabase
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/stmt.html>
+--
+-- @CStatement@ = @sqlite3_stmt@
+data CStatement
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/value.html>
+--
+-- @CValue@ = @sqlite3_value@
+data CValue
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/context.html>
+--
+-- @CContext@ = @sqlite3_context@
+data CContext
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob.html>
+--
+-- @CBlob@ = @sqlite3_blob@
+data CBlob
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/backup.html>
+--
+-- @CBackup@ = @sqlite3_backup@
+data CBackup
+
+-- | Index of a parameter in a parameterized query.
+-- Parameter indices start from 1.
+--
+-- When a query is 'Database.SQLite3.prepare'd, SQLite allocates an
+-- array indexed from 1 to the highest parameter index.  For example:
+--
+-- >>Right stmt <- prepare conn "SELECT ?1, ?5, ?3, ?"
+-- >>bindParameterCount stmt
+-- >ParamIndex 6
+--
+-- This will allocate an array indexed from 1 to 6 (@?@ takes the highest
+-- preceding index plus one).  The array is initialized with null values.
+-- When you bind a parameter with 'Database.SQLite3.bindSQLData', it assigns a
+-- new value to one of these indices.
+--
+-- See <http://www.sqlite.org/lang_expr.html#varparam> for the syntax of
+-- parameter placeholders, and how parameter indices are assigned.
+newtype ParamIndex = ParamIndex Int
+    deriving (Eq, Ord, Enum, Num, Real, Integral)
+
+-- | This just shows the underlying integer, without the data constructor.
+instance Show ParamIndex where
+    show (ParamIndex n) = show n
+
+-- | Limit min/max bounds to fit into SQLite's native parameter ranges.
+instance Bounded ParamIndex where
+    minBound = ParamIndex (fromIntegral (minBound :: CInt))
+    maxBound = ParamIndex (fromIntegral (maxBound :: CInt))
+
+-- | Index of a column in a result set.  Column indices start from 0.
+newtype ColumnIndex = ColumnIndex Int
+    deriving (Eq, Ord, Enum, Num, Real, Integral)
+
+-- | This just shows the underlying integer, without the data constructor.
+instance Show ColumnIndex where
+    show (ColumnIndex n) = show n
+
+-- | Limit min/max bounds to fit into SQLite's native parameter ranges.
+instance Bounded ColumnIndex where
+    minBound = ColumnIndex (fromIntegral (minBound :: CInt))
+    maxBound = ColumnIndex (fromIntegral (maxBound :: CInt))
+
+-- | Number of columns in a result set.
+type ColumnCount = ColumnIndex
+
+newtype CParamIndex = CParamIndex CInt
+    deriving (Eq, Ord, Enum, Num, Real, Integral)
+
+-- | This just shows the underlying integer, without the data constructor.
+instance Show CParamIndex where
+    show (CParamIndex n) = show n
+
+newtype CColumnIndex = CColumnIndex CInt
+    deriving (Eq, Ord, Enum, Num, Real, Integral)
+
+-- | This just shows the underlying integer, without the data constructor.
+instance Show CColumnIndex where
+    show (CColumnIndex n) = show n
+
+type CColumnCount = CColumnIndex
+
+newtype CNumBytes = CNumBytes CInt
+    deriving (Eq, Ord, Show, Enum, Num, Real, Integral)
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_static.html>
+--
+-- @Ptr CDestructor@ = @sqlite3_destructor_type@
+data CDestructor
+
+-- | Tells SQLite3 to make its own private copy of the data
+c_SQLITE_TRANSIENT :: Ptr CDestructor
+c_SQLITE_TRANSIENT = intPtrToPtr (-1)
+
+c_SQLITE_UTF8 :: CInt
+c_SQLITE_UTF8 = #{const SQLITE_UTF8}
+
+
+-- | Number of arguments of a user defined SQL function.
+newtype ArgCount = ArgCount Int
+    deriving (Eq, Ord, Enum, Num, Real, Integral)
+
+-- | This just shows the underlying integer, without the data constructor.
+instance Show ArgCount where
+    show (ArgCount n) = show n
+
+instance Bounded ArgCount where
+    minBound = ArgCount 0
+    maxBound = ArgCount (#{const SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG})
+
+-- | Index of an argument to a custom function. Indices start from 0.
+type ArgIndex = ArgCount
+
+newtype CArgCount = CArgCount CInt
+    deriving (Eq, Ord, Enum, Num, Real, Integral)
+
+-- | This just shows the underlying integer, without the data constructor.
+instance Show CArgCount where
+    show (CArgCount n) = show n
+
+instance Bounded CArgCount where
+    minBound = CArgCount (-1)
+    maxBound = CArgCount #{const SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG}
+
+-- | Tells SQLite3 that the defined custom SQL function is deterministic.
+c_SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC :: CInt
+c_SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC = #{const SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC}
+
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_abort.html>
+newtype CError = CError CInt
+    deriving (Eq, Show)
+
+-- | Note that this is a partial function.  If the error code is invalid, or
+-- perhaps introduced in a newer version of SQLite but this library has not
+-- been updated to support it, the result is undefined.
+--
+-- To be clear, if 'decodeError' fails, it is /undefined behavior/, not an
+-- exception you can handle.
+--
+-- Therefore, do not use direct-sqlite with a different version of SQLite than
+-- the one bundled (currently, 3.7.13).  If you do, ensure that 'decodeError'
+-- and 'decodeColumnType' are still exhaustive.
+decodeError :: CError -> Error
+decodeError (CError n) = case n of
+    #{const SQLITE_OK}         -> ErrorOK
+    #{const SQLITE_ERROR}      -> ErrorError
+    #{const SQLITE_INTERNAL}   -> ErrorInternal
+    #{const SQLITE_PERM}       -> ErrorPermission
+    #{const SQLITE_ABORT}      -> ErrorAbort
+    #{const SQLITE_BUSY}       -> ErrorBusy
+    #{const SQLITE_LOCKED}     -> ErrorLocked
+    #{const SQLITE_NOMEM}      -> ErrorNoMemory
+    #{const SQLITE_READONLY}   -> ErrorReadOnly
+    #{const SQLITE_INTERRUPT}  -> ErrorInterrupt
+    #{const SQLITE_IOERR}      -> ErrorIO
+    #{const SQLITE_CORRUPT}    -> ErrorCorrupt
+    #{const SQLITE_NOTFOUND}   -> ErrorNotFound
+    #{const SQLITE_FULL}       -> ErrorFull
+    #{const SQLITE_CANTOPEN}   -> ErrorCan'tOpen
+    #{const SQLITE_PROTOCOL}   -> ErrorProtocol
+    #{const SQLITE_EMPTY}      -> ErrorEmpty
+    #{const SQLITE_SCHEMA}     -> ErrorSchema
+    #{const SQLITE_TOOBIG}     -> ErrorTooBig
+    #{const SQLITE_CONSTRAINT} -> ErrorConstraint
+    #{const SQLITE_MISMATCH}   -> ErrorMismatch
+    #{const SQLITE_MISUSE}     -> ErrorMisuse
+    #{const SQLITE_NOLFS}      -> ErrorNoLargeFileSupport
+    #{const SQLITE_AUTH}       -> ErrorAuthorization
+    #{const SQLITE_FORMAT}     -> ErrorFormat
+    #{const SQLITE_RANGE}      -> ErrorRange
+    #{const SQLITE_NOTADB}     -> ErrorNotADatabase
+    #{const SQLITE_ROW}        -> ErrorRow
+    #{const SQLITE_DONE}       -> ErrorDone
+    _                          -> error $ "decodeError " ++ show n
+
+encodeError :: Error -> CError
+encodeError err = CError $ case err of
+    ErrorOK                 -> #const SQLITE_OK
+    ErrorError              -> #const SQLITE_ERROR
+    ErrorInternal           -> #const SQLITE_INTERNAL
+    ErrorPermission         -> #const SQLITE_PERM
+    ErrorAbort              -> #const SQLITE_ABORT
+    ErrorBusy               -> #const SQLITE_BUSY
+    ErrorLocked             -> #const SQLITE_LOCKED
+    ErrorNoMemory           -> #const SQLITE_NOMEM
+    ErrorReadOnly           -> #const SQLITE_READONLY
+    ErrorInterrupt          -> #const SQLITE_INTERRUPT
+    ErrorIO                 -> #const SQLITE_IOERR
+    ErrorCorrupt            -> #const SQLITE_CORRUPT
+    ErrorNotFound           -> #const SQLITE_NOTFOUND
+    ErrorFull               -> #const SQLITE_FULL
+    ErrorCan'tOpen          -> #const SQLITE_CANTOPEN
+    ErrorProtocol           -> #const SQLITE_PROTOCOL
+    ErrorEmpty              -> #const SQLITE_EMPTY
+    ErrorSchema             -> #const SQLITE_SCHEMA
+    ErrorTooBig             -> #const SQLITE_TOOBIG
+    ErrorConstraint         -> #const SQLITE_CONSTRAINT
+    ErrorMismatch           -> #const SQLITE_MISMATCH
+    ErrorMisuse             -> #const SQLITE_MISUSE
+    ErrorNoLargeFileSupport -> #const SQLITE_NOLFS
+    ErrorAuthorization      -> #const SQLITE_AUTH
+    ErrorFormat             -> #const SQLITE_FORMAT
+    ErrorRange              -> #const SQLITE_RANGE
+    ErrorNotADatabase       -> #const SQLITE_NOTADB
+    ErrorRow                -> #const SQLITE_ROW
+    ErrorDone               -> #const SQLITE_DONE
+
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_blob.html>
+newtype CColumnType = CColumnType CInt
+    deriving (Eq, Show)
+
+-- | Note that this is a partial function.
+-- See 'decodeError' for more information.
+decodeColumnType :: CColumnType -> ColumnType
+decodeColumnType (CColumnType n) = case n of
+    #{const SQLITE_INTEGER} -> IntegerColumn
+    #{const SQLITE_FLOAT}   -> FloatColumn
+    #{const SQLITE_TEXT}    -> TextColumn
+    #{const SQLITE_BLOB}    -> BlobColumn
+    #{const SQLITE_NULL}    -> NullColumn
+    _                       -> error $ "decodeColumnType " ++ show n
+
+encodeColumnType :: ColumnType -> CColumnType
+encodeColumnType t = CColumnType $ case t of
+    IntegerColumn -> #const SQLITE_INTEGER
+    FloatColumn   -> #const SQLITE_FLOAT
+    TextColumn    -> #const SQLITE_TEXT
+    BlobColumn    -> #const SQLITE_BLOB
+    NullColumn    -> #const SQLITE_NULL
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Conversion to and from FFI types
+
+-- | The "Database.SQLite3" and "Database.SQLite3.Direct" modules use
+-- higher-level representations of some types than those used in the
+-- FFI signatures ("Database.SQLite3.Bindings").  This typeclass
+-- helps with the conversions.
+class FFIType public ffi | public -> ffi, ffi -> public where
+    toFFI   :: public -> ffi
+    fromFFI :: ffi -> public
+
+instance FFIType ParamIndex CParamIndex where
+    toFFI (ParamIndex n) = CParamIndex (fromIntegral n)
+    fromFFI (CParamIndex n) = ParamIndex (fromIntegral n)
+
+instance FFIType ColumnIndex CColumnIndex where
+    toFFI (ColumnIndex n) = CColumnIndex (fromIntegral n)
+    fromFFI (CColumnIndex n) = ColumnIndex (fromIntegral n)
+
+instance FFIType Error CError where
+    toFFI = encodeError
+    fromFFI = decodeError
+
+instance FFIType ColumnType CColumnType where
+    toFFI = encodeColumnType
+    fromFFI = decodeColumnType
+
+instance FFIType ArgCount CArgCount where
+    toFFI (ArgCount n)  = CArgCount (fromIntegral n)
+    fromFFI (CArgCount n) = ArgCount (fromIntegral n)
Database/SQLite3/Direct.hs view
@@ -1,959 +1,959 @@-{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}-{-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-}-{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}--- |--- This API is a slightly lower-level version of "Database.SQLite3".  Namely:------  * It returns errors instead of throwing them.------  * It only uses cheap conversions.  None of these bindings convert from---    'String' or 'T.Text'.-module Database.SQLite3.Direct (-    -- * Connection management-    open,-    close,-    errcode,-    errmsg,-    setTrace,-    getAutoCommit,-    setSharedCacheEnabled,--    -- * Simple query execution-    -- | <http://sqlite.org/c3ref/exec.html>-    exec,-    execWithCallback,-    ExecCallback,--    -- * Statement management-    prepare,-    getStatementDatabase,-    step,-    reset,-    finalize,-    clearBindings,-    statementSql,--    -- * Parameter and column information-    bindParameterCount,-    bindParameterName,-    bindParameterIndex,-    columnCount,-    columnName,--    -- * Binding values to a prepared statement-    -- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>-    bindInt64,-    bindDouble,-    bindText,-    bindBlob,-    bindZeroBlob,-    bindNull,--    -- * Reading the result row-    -- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_blob.html>-    columnType,-    columnInt64,-    columnDouble,-    columnText,-    columnBlob,--    -- * control loading of extensions-    setLoadExtensionEnabled,--    -- * Result statistics-    lastInsertRowId,-    changes,-    totalChanges,--    -- * Create custom SQL functions-    createFunction,-    createAggregate,-    deleteFunction,-    -- ** Extract function arguments-    funcArgCount,-    funcArgType,-    funcArgInt64,-    funcArgDouble,-    funcArgText,-    funcArgBlob,-    -- ** Set the result of a function-    funcResultInt64,-    funcResultDouble,-    funcResultText,-    funcResultBlob,-    funcResultZeroBlob,-    funcResultNull,-    getFuncContextDatabase,--    -- * Create custom collations-    createCollation,-    deleteCollation,--    -- * Interrupting a long-running query-    interrupt,--    -- * Incremental blob I/O-    blobOpen,-    blobClose,-    blobReopen,-    blobBytes,-    blobRead,-    blobReadBuf,-    blobWrite,--    -- * Online Backup API-    -- | <https://www.sqlite.org/backup.html> and-    -- <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html>-    backupInit,-    backupFinish,-    backupStep,-    backupRemaining,-    backupPagecount,--    -- * Types-    Database(..),-    Statement(..),-    ColumnType(..),-    FuncContext(..),-    FuncArgs(..),-    Blob(..),-    Backup(..),--    -- ** Results and errors-    StepResult(..),-    BackupStepResult(..),-    Error(..),--    -- ** Special types-    Utf8(..),-    ParamIndex(..),-    ColumnIndex(..),-    ColumnCount,-    ArgCount(..),-    ArgIndex,-) where--import Database.SQLite3.Bindings--import qualified Data.ByteString            as BS-import qualified Data.ByteString.Unsafe     as BSU-import qualified Data.Text as T-import qualified Data.Text.Encoding as T-import Control.Applicative  ((<$>))-import Control.Exception as E-import Control.Monad        (join, unless)-import Data.ByteString      (ByteString)-import Data.IORef-import Data.Monoid-import Data.String          (IsString(..))-import Data.Text.Encoding.Error (lenientDecode)-import Foreign-import Foreign.C-import qualified System.IO.Unsafe as IOU--newtype Database = Database (Ptr CDatabase)-    deriving (Eq, Show)--newtype Statement = Statement (Ptr CStatement)-    deriving (Eq, Show)--data StepResult-    = Row-    | Done-    deriving (Eq, Show)--data BackupStepResult-    = BackupOK   -- ^ There are still more pages to be copied.-    | BackupDone -- ^ All pages were successfully copied.-    deriving (Eq, Show)---- | A 'ByteString' containing UTF8-encoded text with no NUL characters.-newtype Utf8 = Utf8 ByteString-    deriving (Eq, Ord)--instance Show Utf8 where-    show (Utf8 s) = (show . T.decodeUtf8With lenientDecode) s---- | @fromString = Utf8 . 'T.encodeUtf8' . 'T.pack'@-instance IsString Utf8 where-    fromString = Utf8 . T.encodeUtf8 . T.pack--instance Monoid Utf8 where-    mempty = Utf8 BS.empty-    mappend (Utf8 a) (Utf8 b) = Utf8 (BS.append a b)-    mconcat = Utf8 . BS.concat . map (\(Utf8 s) -> s)--packUtf8 :: a -> (Utf8 -> a) -> CString -> IO a-packUtf8 n f cstr | cstr == nullPtr = return n-                  | otherwise       = f . Utf8 <$> BS.packCString cstr--packCStringLen :: CString -> CNumBytes -> IO ByteString-packCStringLen cstr len =-    BS.packCStringLen (cstr, fromIntegral len)--packUtf8Array :: IO a -> (Utf8 -> IO a) -> Int -> Ptr CString -> IO [a]-packUtf8Array onNull onUtf8 count base =-    peekArray count base >>= mapM (join . packUtf8 onNull onUtf8)---- | Like 'unsafeUseAsCStringLen', but if the string is empty,--- never pass the callback a null pointer.-unsafeUseAsCStringLenNoNull :: ByteString -> (CString -> CNumBytes -> IO a) -> IO a-unsafeUseAsCStringLenNoNull bs cb-    | BS.null bs = cb (intPtrToPtr 1) 0-    | otherwise  = BSU.unsafeUseAsCStringLen bs $ \(ptr, len) ->-                       cb ptr (fromIntegral len)--wrapNullablePtr :: (Ptr a -> b) -> Ptr a -> Maybe b-wrapNullablePtr f ptr | ptr == nullPtr = Nothing-                      | otherwise      = Just (f ptr)--type Result a = Either Error a---- Convert a 'CError' to a 'Result', in the common case where--- SQLITE_OK signals success and anything else signals an error.------ Note that SQLITE_OK == 0.-toResult :: a -> CError -> Result a-toResult a (CError 0) = Right a-toResult _ code       = Left $ decodeError code---- Only perform the action if the 'CError' is SQLITE_OK.-toResultM :: Monad m => m a -> CError -> m (Result a)-toResultM m (CError 0) = m >>= return . Right-toResultM _ code       = return $ Left $ decodeError code--toStepResult :: CError -> Result StepResult-toStepResult code =-    case decodeError code of-        ErrorRow  -> Right Row-        ErrorDone -> Right Done-        err       -> Left err--toBackupStepResult :: CError -> Result BackupStepResult-toBackupStepResult code =-    case decodeError code of-        ErrorOK   -> Right BackupOK-        ErrorDone -> Right BackupDone-        err       -> Left err---- | The context in which a custom SQL function is executed.-newtype FuncContext = FuncContext (Ptr CContext)-    deriving (Eq, Show)---- | The arguments of a custom SQL function.-data FuncArgs = FuncArgs CArgCount (Ptr (Ptr CValue))---- | The type of blob handles used for incremental blob I/O-data Blob = Blob Database (Ptr CBlob) -- we include the db handle to use in-    deriving (Eq, Show)               -- error messages since it cannot-                                      -- be retrieved any other way---- | A handle for an online backup process.-data Backup = Backup Database (Ptr CBackup)-    deriving (Eq, Show)--- we include the destination db handle to use in error messages since--- it cannot be retrieved any other way------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/open.html>-open :: Utf8 -> IO (Either (Error, Utf8) Database)-open (Utf8 path) =-    BS.useAsCString path $ \path' ->-    alloca $ \database -> do-        rc <- c_sqlite3_open path' database-        db <- Database <$> peek database-            -- sqlite3_open returns a sqlite3 even on failure.-            -- That's where we get a more descriptive error message.-        case toResult () rc of-            Left err -> do-                msg <- errmsg db -- This returns "out of memory" if db is null.-                _   <- close db  -- This is harmless if db is null.-                return $ Left (err, msg)-            Right () ->-                if db == Database nullPtr-                    then fail "sqlite3_open unexpectedly returned NULL"-                    else return $ Right db---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/close.html>-close :: Database -> IO (Either Error ())-close (Database db) =-    toResult () <$> c_sqlite3_close db---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/interrupt.html>------ Cause any pending operation on the 'Database' handle to stop at its earliest--- opportunity.  This simply sets a flag and returns immediately.  It does not--- wait for the pending operation to finish.------ You'll need to compile with @-threaded@ for this to do any good.--- Without @-threaded@, FFI calls block the whole RTS, meaning 'interrupt'--- would never run at the same time as 'step'.-interrupt :: Database -> IO ()-interrupt (Database db) =-    c_sqlite3_interrupt db---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/errcode.html>-errcode :: Database -> IO Error-errcode (Database db) =-    decodeError <$> c_sqlite3_errcode db---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/errcode.html>-errmsg :: Database -> IO Utf8-errmsg (Database db) =-    c_sqlite3_errmsg db >>= packUtf8 (Utf8 BS.empty) id--exec :: Database -> Utf8 -> IO (Either (Error, Utf8) ())-exec (Database db) (Utf8 sql) =-    BS.useAsCString sql $ \sql' ->-    alloca $ \msgPtrOut -> do-        rc <- c_sqlite3_exec db sql' nullFunPtr nullPtr msgPtrOut-        case toResult () rc of-            Left err -> do-                msgPtr <- peek msgPtrOut-                msg <- packUtf8 (Utf8 BS.empty) id msgPtr-                c_sqlite3_free msgPtr-                return $ Left (err, msg)-            Right () -> return $ Right ()---- | Like 'exec', but invoke the callback for each result row.------ If the callback throws an exception, it will be rethrown by--- 'execWithCallback'.-execWithCallback :: Database -> Utf8 -> ExecCallback -> IO (Either (Error, Utf8) ())-execWithCallback (Database db) (Utf8 sql) cb = do-    abortReason <- newIORef Nothing :: IO (IORef (Maybe SomeException))-    cbCache <- newIORef Nothing :: IO (IORef (Maybe ([Maybe Utf8] -> IO ())))-        -- Cache the partial application of column count and name, so if the-        -- caller wants to convert them to something else, it only has to do-        -- the conversions once.--    let getCallback cCount cNames = do-            m <- readIORef cbCache-            case m of-                Nothing -> do-                    names <- packUtf8Array (fail "execWithCallback: NULL column name")-                                           return-                                           (fromIntegral cCount) cNames-                    let !cb' = cb (fromFFI cCount) names-                    writeIORef cbCache $ Just cb'-                    return cb'-                Just cb' -> return cb'--    let onExceptionAbort io =-          (io >> return 0) `E.catch` \ex -> do-            writeIORef abortReason $ Just ex-            return 1--    let cExecCallback _ctx cCount cValues cNames =-          onExceptionAbort $ do-            cb' <- getCallback cCount cNames-            values <- packUtf8Array (return Nothing)-                                    (return . Just)-                                    (fromIntegral cCount) cValues-            cb' values--    BS.useAsCString sql $ \sql' ->-      alloca $ \msgPtrOut ->-      bracket (mkCExecCallback cExecCallback) freeHaskellFunPtr $-      \pExecCallback -> do-        let returnError err = do-                msgPtr <- peek msgPtrOut-                msg <- packUtf8 (Utf8 BS.empty) id msgPtr-                c_sqlite3_free msgPtr-                return $ Left (err, msg)-        rc <- c_sqlite3_exec db sql' pExecCallback nullPtr msgPtrOut-        case toResult () rc of-            Left ErrorAbort -> do-                m <- readIORef abortReason-                case m of-                    Nothing -> returnError ErrorAbort-                    Just ex -> throwIO ex-            Left err -> returnError err-            Right () -> return $ Right ()--type ExecCallback-     = ColumnCount    -- ^ Number of columns, which is the number of items in-                      --   the following lists.  This will be the same for-                      --   every row.-    -> [Utf8]         -- ^ List of column names.  This will be the same-                      --   for every row.-    -> [Maybe Utf8]   -- ^ List of column values, as returned by 'columnText'.-    -> IO ()---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/profile.html>------ Enable/disable tracing of SQL execution.  Tracing can be disabled--- by setting 'Nothing' as the logger callback.------ Warning: If the logger callback throws an exception, your whole--- program will crash.  Enable only for debugging!-setTrace :: Database -> Maybe (Utf8 -> IO ()) -> IO ()-setTrace (Database db) logger =-    case logger of-        Nothing -> do-            _ <- c_sqlite3_trace db nullFunPtr nullPtr-            return ()-        Just output -> do-            -- NB: this FunPtr never gets freed.  Shouldn't be a big deal,-            -- though, since 'setTrace' is mainly for debugging, and is-            -- typically only called once per application invocation.-            cb <- mkCTraceCallback $ \_ctx cStr -> do-                msg <- packUtf8 (Utf8 BS.empty) id cStr-                output msg-            _ <- c_sqlite3_trace db cb nullPtr-            return ()---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/get_autocommit.html>------ Return 'True' if the connection is in autocommit mode, or 'False' if a--- transaction started with @BEGIN@ is still active.------ Be warned that some errors roll back the transaction automatically,--- and that @ROLLBACK@ will throw an error if no transaction is active.--- Use 'getAutoCommit' to avoid such an error:------ @---  autocommit <- 'getAutoCommit' conn---  'Control.Monad.when' (not autocommit) $---      'Database.SQLite3.exec' conn \"ROLLBACK\"--- @-getAutoCommit :: Database -> IO Bool-getAutoCommit (Database db) =-    (/= 0) <$> c_sqlite3_get_autocommit db----- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/enable_shared_cache.html>------ Enable or disable shared cache for all future connections.-setSharedCacheEnabled :: Bool -> IO (Either Error ())-setSharedCacheEnabled val =-    toResult () <$> c_sqlite3_enable_shared_cache-        (if val then 1 else 0)----- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>------ If the query contains no SQL statements, this returns--- @'Right' 'Nothing'@.-prepare :: Database -> Utf8 -> IO (Either Error (Maybe Statement))-prepare (Database db) (Utf8 sql) =-    BS.useAsCString sql $ \sql' ->-        alloca $ \statement ->-            c_sqlite3_prepare_v2 db sql' (-1) statement nullPtr >>=-                toResultM (wrapNullablePtr Statement <$> peek statement)---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/db_handle.html>-getStatementDatabase :: Statement -> IO Database-getStatementDatabase (Statement stmt) = do-    db <- c_sqlite3_db_handle stmt-    if db == nullPtr-        then fail $ "sqlite3_db_handle(" ++ show stmt ++ ") returned NULL"-        else return (Database db)---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/step.html>-step :: Statement -> IO (Either Error StepResult)-step (Statement stmt) =-    toStepResult <$> c_sqlite3_step stmt---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/reset.html>------ Warning:------  * If the most recent 'step' call failed,---    this will return the corresponding error.------  * This does not reset the bindings on a prepared statement.---    Use 'clearBindings' to do that.-reset :: Statement -> IO (Either Error ())-reset (Statement stmt) =-    toResult () <$> c_sqlite3_reset stmt---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/finalize.html>------ /Warning:/ If the most recent 'step' call failed,--- this will return the corresponding error.-finalize :: Statement -> IO (Either Error ())-finalize (Statement stmt) =-    toResult () <$> c_sqlite3_finalize stmt---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/sql.html>------ Return a copy of the original SQL text used to compile the statement.-statementSql :: Statement -> IO (Maybe Utf8)-statementSql (Statement stmt) =-    c_sqlite3_sql stmt >>= packUtf8 Nothing Just---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/clear_bindings.html>------ Set all parameters in the prepared statement to null.-clearBindings :: Statement -> IO ()-clearBindings (Statement stmt) = do-    _ <- c_sqlite3_clear_bindings stmt-    return ()---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_parameter_count.html>------ This returns the index of the largest (rightmost) parameter.  Note that this--- is not necessarily the number of parameters.  If numbered parameters like--- @?5@ are used, there may be gaps in the list.------ See 'ParamIndex' for more information.-bindParameterCount :: Statement -> IO ParamIndex-bindParameterCount (Statement stmt) =-    fromFFI <$> c_sqlite3_bind_parameter_count stmt---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_parameter_name.html>-bindParameterName :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> IO (Maybe Utf8)-bindParameterName (Statement stmt) idx =-    c_sqlite3_bind_parameter_name stmt (toFFI idx) >>=-        packUtf8 Nothing Just---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_parameter_index.html>-bindParameterIndex :: Statement -> Utf8 -> IO (Maybe ParamIndex)-bindParameterIndex (Statement stmt) (Utf8 name) =-    BS.useAsCString name $ \name' -> do-        idx <- fromFFI <$> c_sqlite3_bind_parameter_index stmt name'-        return $ if idx == 0 then Nothing else Just idx---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_count.html>-columnCount :: Statement -> IO ColumnCount-columnCount (Statement stmt) =-    fromFFI <$> c_sqlite3_column_count stmt---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_name.html>-columnName :: Statement -> ColumnIndex -> IO (Maybe Utf8)-columnName (Statement stmt) idx =-    c_sqlite3_column_name stmt (toFFI idx) >>=-        packUtf8 Nothing Just--bindInt64 :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> Int64 -> IO (Either Error ())-bindInt64 (Statement stmt) idx value =-    toResult () <$> c_sqlite3_bind_int64 stmt (toFFI idx) value--bindDouble :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> Double -> IO (Either Error ())-bindDouble (Statement stmt) idx value =-    toResult () <$> c_sqlite3_bind_double stmt (toFFI idx) value--bindText :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> Utf8 -> IO (Either Error ())-bindText (Statement stmt) idx (Utf8 value) =-    unsafeUseAsCStringLenNoNull value $ \ptr len ->-        toResult () <$>-            c_sqlite3_bind_text stmt (toFFI idx) ptr len c_SQLITE_TRANSIENT--bindBlob :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> ByteString -> IO (Either Error ())-bindBlob (Statement stmt) idx value =-    unsafeUseAsCStringLenNoNull value $ \ptr len ->-        toResult () <$>-            c_sqlite3_bind_blob stmt (toFFI idx) ptr len c_SQLITE_TRANSIENT--bindZeroBlob :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> Int -> IO (Either Error ())-bindZeroBlob (Statement stmt) idx len =-    toResult () <$>-        c_sqlite3_bind_zeroblob stmt (toFFI idx) (fromIntegral len)--bindNull :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> IO (Either Error ())-bindNull (Statement stmt) idx =-    toResult () <$> c_sqlite3_bind_null stmt (toFFI idx)--columnType :: Statement -> ColumnIndex -> IO ColumnType-columnType (Statement stmt) idx =-    decodeColumnType <$> c_sqlite3_column_type stmt (toFFI idx)--columnInt64 :: Statement -> ColumnIndex -> IO Int64-columnInt64 (Statement stmt) idx =-    c_sqlite3_column_int64 stmt (toFFI idx)--columnDouble :: Statement -> ColumnIndex -> IO Double-columnDouble (Statement stmt) idx =-    c_sqlite3_column_double stmt (toFFI idx)--columnText :: Statement -> ColumnIndex -> IO Utf8-columnText (Statement stmt) idx = do-    ptr <- c_sqlite3_column_text stmt (toFFI idx)-    len <- c_sqlite3_column_bytes stmt (toFFI idx)-    Utf8 <$> packCStringLen ptr len--columnBlob :: Statement -> ColumnIndex -> IO ByteString-columnBlob (Statement stmt) idx = do-    ptr <- c_sqlite3_column_blob stmt (toFFI idx)-    len <- c_sqlite3_column_bytes stmt (toFFI idx)-    packCStringLen ptr len----- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/last_insert_rowid.html>-lastInsertRowId :: Database -> IO Int64-lastInsertRowId (Database db) =-    c_sqlite3_last_insert_rowid db---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/changes.html>------ Return the number of rows that were changed, inserted, or deleted--- by the most recent @INSERT@, @DELETE@, or @UPDATE@ statement.-changes :: Database -> IO Int-changes (Database db) =-    fromIntegral <$> c_sqlite3_changes db---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/total_changes.html>------ Return the total number of row changes caused by @INSERT@, @DELETE@,--- or @UPDATE@ statements since the 'Database' was opened.-totalChanges :: Database -> IO Int-totalChanges (Database db) =-    fromIntegral <$> c_sqlite3_total_changes db---- We use CFuncPtrs to store the function pointers used in the implementation--- of custom SQL functions so that sqlite can deallocate those pointers when--- the function is deleted or overwritten-data CFuncPtrs = CFuncPtrs (FunPtr CFunc) (FunPtr CFunc) (FunPtr CFuncFinal)---- Deallocate the function pointers used to implement a custom function--- This is only called by sqlite so we create one global FunPtr to pass to--- sqlite-destroyCFuncPtrs :: FunPtr (CFuncDestroy ())-destroyCFuncPtrs = IOU.unsafePerformIO $ mkCFuncDestroy destroy-  where-    destroy p = do-        let p' = castPtrToStablePtr p-        CFuncPtrs p1 p2 p3 <- deRefStablePtr p'-        unless (p1 == nullFunPtr) $ freeHaskellFunPtr p1-        unless (p2 == nullFunPtr) $ freeHaskellFunPtr p2-        unless (p3 == nullFunPtr) $ freeHaskellFunPtr p3-        freeStablePtr p'-{-# NOINLINE destroyCFuncPtrs #-}---- | <http://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_function.html>------ Create a custom SQL function or redefine the behavior of an existing--- function.-createFunction-    :: Database-    -> Utf8           -- ^ Name of the function.-    -> Maybe ArgCount -- ^ Number of arguments. 'Nothing' means that the-                      --   function accepts any number of arguments.-    -> Bool           -- ^ Is the function deterministic?-    -> (FuncContext -> FuncArgs -> IO ())-                      -- ^ Implementation of the function.-    -> IO (Either Error ())-createFunction (Database db) (Utf8 name) nArgs isDet fun = mask_ $ do-    funPtr <- mkCFunc fun'-    u <- newStablePtr $ CFuncPtrs funPtr nullFunPtr nullFunPtr-    BS.useAsCString name $ \namePtr ->-        toResult () <$>-            c_sqlite3_create_function_v2-                db namePtr (maybeArgCount nArgs) flags (castStablePtrToPtr u)-                funPtr nullFunPtr nullFunPtr destroyCFuncPtrs-  where-    flags = if isDet then c_SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC else 0-    fun' ctx nArgs' cvals =-        catchAsResultError ctx $-            fun (FuncContext ctx) (FuncArgs nArgs' cvals)---- | Like 'createFunction' except that it creates an aggregate function.-createAggregate-    :: Database-    -> Utf8           -- ^ Name of the function.-    -> Maybe ArgCount -- ^ Number of arguments.-    -> a              -- ^ Initial aggregate state.-    -> (FuncContext -> FuncArgs -> a -> IO a)-                      -- ^ Process one row and update the aggregate state.-    -> (FuncContext -> a -> IO ())-                      -- ^ Called after all rows have been processed.-                      --   Can be used to construct the returned value-                      --   from the aggregate state.-    -> IO (Either Error ())-createAggregate (Database db) (Utf8 name) nArgs initSt xStep xFinal = mask_ $ do-    stepPtr <- mkCFunc xStep'-    finalPtr <- mkCFuncFinal xFinal'-    u <- newStablePtr $ CFuncPtrs nullFunPtr stepPtr finalPtr-    BS.useAsCString name $ \namePtr ->-        toResult () <$>-            c_sqlite3_create_function_v2-                db namePtr (maybeArgCount nArgs) 0 (castStablePtrToPtr u)-                nullFunPtr stepPtr finalPtr destroyCFuncPtrs-  where-    -- we store the aggregate state in the buffer returned by-    -- c_sqlite3_aggregate_context as a StablePtr pointing to an IORef that-    -- contains the actual aggregate state-    xStep' ctx nArgs' cvals =-        catchAsResultError ctx $ do-            aggCtx <- getAggregateContext ctx-            aggStPtr <- peek aggCtx-            aggStRef <--                if castStablePtrToPtr aggStPtr /= nullPtr then-                    deRefStablePtr aggStPtr-                else do-                    aggStRef <- newIORef initSt-                    aggStPtr' <- newStablePtr aggStRef-                    poke aggCtx aggStPtr'-                    return aggStRef-            aggSt <- readIORef aggStRef-            aggSt' <- xStep (FuncContext ctx) (FuncArgs nArgs' cvals) aggSt-            writeIORef aggStRef aggSt'-    xFinal' ctx = do-        aggCtx <- getAggregateContext ctx-        aggStPtr <- peek aggCtx-        if castStablePtrToPtr aggStPtr == nullPtr then-            catchAsResultError ctx $-                xFinal (FuncContext ctx) initSt-        else do-            catchAsResultError ctx $ do-                aggStRef <- deRefStablePtr aggStPtr-                aggSt <- readIORef aggStRef-                xFinal (FuncContext ctx) aggSt-            freeStablePtr aggStPtr-    getAggregateContext ctx =-        c_sqlite3_aggregate_context ctx stPtrSize-    stPtrSize = fromIntegral $ sizeOf (undefined :: StablePtr ())---- call c_sqlite3_result_error in the event of an error-catchAsResultError :: Ptr CContext -> IO () -> IO ()-catchAsResultError ctx action = E.catch action $ \exn -> do-    let msg = show (exn :: SomeException)-    withCAStringLen msg $ \(ptr, len) ->-        c_sqlite3_result_error ctx ptr (fromIntegral len)---- | Delete an SQL function (scalar or aggregate).-deleteFunction :: Database -> Utf8 -> Maybe ArgCount -> IO (Either Error ())-deleteFunction (Database db) (Utf8 name) nArgs =-    BS.useAsCString name $ \namePtr ->-        toResult () <$>-            c_sqlite3_create_function_v2-                db namePtr (maybeArgCount nArgs) 0 nullPtr-                nullFunPtr nullFunPtr nullFunPtr nullFunPtr--maybeArgCount :: Maybe ArgCount -> CArgCount-maybeArgCount (Just n) = toFFI n-maybeArgCount Nothing = -1---funcArgCount :: FuncArgs -> ArgCount-funcArgCount (FuncArgs nArgs _) = fromIntegral nArgs--funcArgType :: FuncArgs -> ArgIndex -> IO ColumnType-funcArgType =-    extractFuncArg NullColumn (fmap decodeColumnType . c_sqlite3_value_type)--funcArgInt64 :: FuncArgs -> ArgIndex -> IO Int64-funcArgInt64 = extractFuncArg 0 c_sqlite3_value_int64--funcArgDouble :: FuncArgs -> ArgIndex -> IO Double-funcArgDouble = extractFuncArg 0 c_sqlite3_value_double--funcArgText :: FuncArgs -> ArgIndex -> IO Utf8-funcArgText = extractFuncArg mempty $ \cval -> do-    ptr <- c_sqlite3_value_text cval-    len <- c_sqlite3_value_bytes cval-    Utf8 <$> packCStringLen ptr len--funcArgBlob :: FuncArgs -> ArgIndex -> IO ByteString-funcArgBlob  = extractFuncArg mempty $ \cval -> do-    ptr <- c_sqlite3_value_blob cval-    len <- c_sqlite3_value_bytes cval-    packCStringLen ptr len---- the c_sqlite3_value_* family of functions don't handle null pointers, so--- we must use a wrapper to guarantee that a sensible value is returned if--- we are out of bounds-extractFuncArg :: a -> (Ptr CValue -> IO a) -> FuncArgs -> ArgIndex -> IO a-extractFuncArg defVal extract (FuncArgs nArgs p) idx-    | 0 <= idx && idx < fromIntegral nArgs = do-        cval <- peekElemOff p (fromIntegral idx)-        extract cval-    | otherwise = return defVal---funcResultInt64 :: FuncContext -> Int64 -> IO ()-funcResultInt64 (FuncContext ctx) value =-    c_sqlite3_result_int64 ctx value--funcResultDouble :: FuncContext -> Double -> IO ()-funcResultDouble (FuncContext ctx) value =-    c_sqlite3_result_double ctx value--funcResultText :: FuncContext -> Utf8 -> IO ()-funcResultText (FuncContext ctx) (Utf8 value) =-    unsafeUseAsCStringLenNoNull value $ \ptr len ->-        c_sqlite3_result_text ctx ptr len c_SQLITE_TRANSIENT--funcResultBlob :: FuncContext -> ByteString -> IO ()-funcResultBlob (FuncContext ctx) value =-    unsafeUseAsCStringLenNoNull value $ \ptr len ->-        c_sqlite3_result_blob ctx ptr len c_SQLITE_TRANSIENT--funcResultZeroBlob :: FuncContext -> Int -> IO ()-funcResultZeroBlob (FuncContext ctx) len =-    c_sqlite3_result_zeroblob ctx (fromIntegral len)--funcResultNull :: FuncContext -> IO ()-funcResultNull (FuncContext ctx) =-    c_sqlite3_result_null ctx---- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/context_db_handle.html>-getFuncContextDatabase :: FuncContext -> IO Database-getFuncContextDatabase (FuncContext ctx) = do-    db <- c_sqlite3_context_db_handle ctx-    if db == nullPtr-        then fail $ "sqlite3_context_db_handle(" ++ show ctx ++ ") returned NULL"-        else return (Database db)----- Deallocate the function pointer to the comparison function used to--- implement a custom collation-destroyCCompare :: CFuncDestroy ()-destroyCCompare ptr = freeHaskellFunPtr ptr'-  where-    ptr' = castPtrToFunPtr ptr :: FunPtr (CCompare ())---- This is called by sqlite so we create one global FunPtr to pass to sqlite-destroyCComparePtr :: FunPtr (CFuncDestroy ())-destroyCComparePtr = IOU.unsafePerformIO $ mkCFuncDestroy destroyCCompare-{-# NOINLINE destroyCComparePtr #-}---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/create_collation.html>-createCollation-    :: Database-    -> Utf8                       -- ^ Name of the collation.-    -> (Utf8 -> Utf8 -> Ordering) -- ^ Comparison function.-    -> IO (Either Error ())-createCollation (Database db) (Utf8 name) cmp = mask_ $ do-    cmpPtr <- mkCCompare cmp'-    let u = castFunPtrToPtr cmpPtr-    BS.useAsCString name $ \namePtr ->-        toResult () <$> do-            r <- c_sqlite3_create_collation_v2-                db namePtr c_SQLITE_UTF8 u cmpPtr destroyCComparePtr-            -- sqlite does not call the destructor for us in case of an-            -- error-            unless (r == CError 0) $-                destroyCCompare $ castFunPtrToPtr cmpPtr-            return r-  where-    cmp' _ len1 ptr1 len2 ptr2 = handle exnHandler $ do-        s1 <- Utf8 <$> packCStringLen ptr1 len1-        s2 <- Utf8 <$> packCStringLen ptr2 len2-        let c = cmp s1 s2-        evaluate (fromIntegral $ fromEnum c - 1)-    exnHandler (_ :: SomeException) = return (-1)---- | Delete a collation.-deleteCollation :: Database -> Utf8 -> IO (Either Error ())-deleteCollation (Database db) (Utf8 name) =-    BS.useAsCString name $ \namePtr ->-        toResult () <$> do-            c_sqlite3_create_collation_v2-                db namePtr c_SQLITE_UTF8 nullPtr nullFunPtr nullFunPtr---- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/enable_load_extension.html>------ Enable or disable extension loading.-setLoadExtensionEnabled :: Database -> Bool -> IO (Either Error ())-setLoadExtensionEnabled (Database db) enabled = do-    toResult () <$> c_sqlite3_enable_load_extension db enabled----- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_open.html>------ Open a blob for incremental I/O.-blobOpen-    :: Database-    -> Utf8   -- ^ The symbolic name of the database (e.g. "main").-    -> Utf8   -- ^ The table name.-    -> Utf8   -- ^ The column name.-    -> Int64  -- ^ The @ROWID@ of the row.-    -> Bool   -- ^ Open the blob for read-write.-    -> IO (Either Error Blob)-blobOpen (Database db) (Utf8 zDb) (Utf8 zTable) (Utf8 zColumn) rowid rw =-    BS.useAsCString zDb $ \ptrDb ->-    BS.useAsCString zTable $ \ptrTable ->-    BS.useAsCString zColumn $ \ptrColumn ->-    alloca $ \ptrBlob -> do-        c_sqlite3_blob_open db ptrDb ptrTable ptrColumn rowid flags ptrBlob-            >>= toResultM (Blob (Database db) <$> peek ptrBlob)-  where-    flags = if rw then 1 else 0---- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_close.html>-blobClose :: Blob -> IO (Either Error ())-blobClose (Blob _ blob) =-    toResult () <$> c_sqlite3_blob_close blob---- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_reopen.html>-blobReopen :: Blob -> Int64 -> IO (Either Error ())-blobReopen (Blob _ blob) rowid =-    toResult () <$> c_sqlite3_blob_reopen blob rowid---- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_bytes.html>-blobBytes :: Blob -> IO Int-blobBytes (Blob _ blob) =-    fromIntegral <$> c_sqlite3_blob_bytes blob---- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_read.html>-blobRead-    :: Blob-    -> Int -- ^ Number of bytes to read.-    -> Int -- ^ Offset within the blob.-    -> IO (Either Error ByteString)-blobRead blob len offset =-    -- we do not use allocaBytes here because it deallocates its buffer-    -- which would necessitate copying it-    -- instead we use mallocBytes and mask to ensure both exception-    -- safety and that the buffer is not copied any times-    mask $ \restore -> do-        buf <- mallocBytes len-        r <- restore (blobReadBuf blob buf len offset)-            `onException` (free buf)-        case r of-            Left err -> free buf >> return (Left err)-            Right () -> do-                bs <- BSU.unsafePackCStringFinalizer buf len (free buf)-                return (Right bs)--blobReadBuf :: Blob -> Ptr a -> Int -> Int -> IO (Either Error ())-blobReadBuf (Blob _ blob) buf len offset =-    toResult () <$>-        c_sqlite3_blob_read blob buf (fromIntegral len) (fromIntegral offset)---- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_write.html>-blobWrite-    :: Blob-    -> ByteString-    -> Int -- ^ Offset within the blob.-    -> IO (Either Error ())-blobWrite (Blob _ blob) bs offset =-    BSU.unsafeUseAsCStringLen bs $ \(buf, len) ->-        toResult () <$>-            c_sqlite3_blob_write blob buf (fromIntegral len) (fromIntegral offset)---backupInit-    :: Database  -- ^ Destination database handle-    -> Utf8      -- ^ Destination database name-    -> Database  -- ^ Source database handle-    -> Utf8      -- ^ Source database name-    -> IO (Either Error Backup)-backupInit (Database dstDb) (Utf8 dstName) (Database srcDb) (Utf8 srcName) =-    BS.useAsCString dstName $ \dstName' ->-    BS.useAsCString srcName $ \srcName' -> do-        r <- c_sqlite3_backup_init dstDb dstName' srcDb srcName'-        if r == nullPtr-            then Left <$> errcode (Database dstDb)-            else return (Right (Backup (Database dstDb) r))--backupFinish :: Backup -> IO (Either Error ())-backupFinish (Backup _ backup) =-    toResult () <$>-        c_sqlite3_backup_finish backup--backupStep :: Backup -> Int -> IO (Either Error BackupStepResult)-backupStep (Backup _ backup) pages =-    toBackupStepResult <$>-        c_sqlite3_backup_step backup (fromIntegral pages)--backupRemaining :: Backup -> IO Int-backupRemaining (Backup _ backup) =-    fromIntegral <$> c_sqlite3_backup_remaining backup--backupPagecount :: Backup -> IO Int-backupPagecount (Backup _ backup) =-    fromIntegral <$> c_sqlite3_backup_pagecount backup+{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+-- |
+-- This API is a slightly lower-level version of "Database.SQLite3".  Namely:
+--
+--  * It returns errors instead of throwing them.
+--
+--  * It only uses cheap conversions.  None of these bindings convert from
+--    'String' or 'T.Text'.
+module Database.SQLite3.Direct (
+    -- * Connection management
+    open,
+    close,
+    errcode,
+    errmsg,
+    setTrace,
+    getAutoCommit,
+    setSharedCacheEnabled,
+
+    -- * Simple query execution
+    -- | <http://sqlite.org/c3ref/exec.html>
+    exec,
+    execWithCallback,
+    ExecCallback,
+
+    -- * Statement management
+    prepare,
+    getStatementDatabase,
+    step,
+    reset,
+    finalize,
+    clearBindings,
+    statementSql,
+
+    -- * Parameter and column information
+    bindParameterCount,
+    bindParameterName,
+    bindParameterIndex,
+    columnCount,
+    columnName,
+
+    -- * Binding values to a prepared statement
+    -- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>
+    bindInt64,
+    bindDouble,
+    bindText,
+    bindBlob,
+    bindZeroBlob,
+    bindNull,
+
+    -- * Reading the result row
+    -- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_blob.html>
+    columnType,
+    columnInt64,
+    columnDouble,
+    columnText,
+    columnBlob,
+
+    -- * control loading of extensions
+    setLoadExtensionEnabled,
+
+    -- * Result statistics
+    lastInsertRowId,
+    changes,
+    totalChanges,
+
+    -- * Create custom SQL functions
+    createFunction,
+    createAggregate,
+    deleteFunction,
+    -- ** Extract function arguments
+    funcArgCount,
+    funcArgType,
+    funcArgInt64,
+    funcArgDouble,
+    funcArgText,
+    funcArgBlob,
+    -- ** Set the result of a function
+    funcResultInt64,
+    funcResultDouble,
+    funcResultText,
+    funcResultBlob,
+    funcResultZeroBlob,
+    funcResultNull,
+    getFuncContextDatabase,
+
+    -- * Create custom collations
+    createCollation,
+    deleteCollation,
+
+    -- * Interrupting a long-running query
+    interrupt,
+
+    -- * Incremental blob I/O
+    blobOpen,
+    blobClose,
+    blobReopen,
+    blobBytes,
+    blobRead,
+    blobReadBuf,
+    blobWrite,
+
+    -- * Online Backup API
+    -- | <https://www.sqlite.org/backup.html> and
+    -- <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html>
+    backupInit,
+    backupFinish,
+    backupStep,
+    backupRemaining,
+    backupPagecount,
+
+    -- * Types
+    Database(..),
+    Statement(..),
+    ColumnType(..),
+    FuncContext(..),
+    FuncArgs(..),
+    Blob(..),
+    Backup(..),
+
+    -- ** Results and errors
+    StepResult(..),
+    BackupStepResult(..),
+    Error(..),
+
+    -- ** Special types
+    Utf8(..),
+    ParamIndex(..),
+    ColumnIndex(..),
+    ColumnCount,
+    ArgCount(..),
+    ArgIndex,
+) where
+
+import Database.SQLite3.Bindings
+
+import qualified Data.ByteString            as BS
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Unsafe     as BSU
+import qualified Data.Text as T
+import qualified Data.Text.Encoding as T
+import Control.Applicative  ((<$>))
+import Control.Exception as E
+import Control.Monad        (join, unless)
+import Data.ByteString      (ByteString)
+import Data.IORef
+import Data.Monoid
+import Data.String          (IsString(..))
+import Data.Text.Encoding.Error (lenientDecode)
+import Foreign
+import Foreign.C
+import qualified System.IO.Unsafe as IOU
+
+newtype Database = Database (Ptr CDatabase)
+    deriving (Eq, Show)
+
+newtype Statement = Statement (Ptr CStatement)
+    deriving (Eq, Show)
+
+data StepResult
+    = Row
+    | Done
+    deriving (Eq, Show)
+
+data BackupStepResult
+    = BackupOK   -- ^ There are still more pages to be copied.
+    | BackupDone -- ^ All pages were successfully copied.
+    deriving (Eq, Show)
+
+-- | A 'ByteString' containing UTF8-encoded text with no NUL characters.
+newtype Utf8 = Utf8 ByteString
+    deriving (Eq, Ord)
+
+instance Show Utf8 where
+    show (Utf8 s) = (show . T.decodeUtf8With lenientDecode) s
+
+-- | @fromString = Utf8 . 'T.encodeUtf8' . 'T.pack'@
+instance IsString Utf8 where
+    fromString = Utf8 . T.encodeUtf8 . T.pack
+
+instance Monoid Utf8 where
+    mempty = Utf8 BS.empty
+    mappend (Utf8 a) (Utf8 b) = Utf8 (BS.append a b)
+    mconcat = Utf8 . BS.concat . map (\(Utf8 s) -> s)
+
+packUtf8 :: a -> (Utf8 -> a) -> CString -> IO a
+packUtf8 n f cstr | cstr == nullPtr = return n
+                  | otherwise       = f . Utf8 <$> BS.packCString cstr
+
+packCStringLen :: CString -> CNumBytes -> IO ByteString
+packCStringLen cstr len =
+    BS.packCStringLen (cstr, fromIntegral len)
+
+packUtf8Array :: IO a -> (Utf8 -> IO a) -> Int -> Ptr CString -> IO [a]
+packUtf8Array onNull onUtf8 count base =
+    peekArray count base >>= mapM (join . packUtf8 onNull onUtf8)
+
+-- | Like 'unsafeUseAsCStringLen', but if the string is empty,
+-- never pass the callback a null pointer.
+unsafeUseAsCStringLenNoNull :: ByteString -> (CString -> CNumBytes -> IO a) -> IO a
+unsafeUseAsCStringLenNoNull bs cb
+    | BS.null bs = cb (intPtrToPtr 1) 0
+    | otherwise  = BSU.unsafeUseAsCStringLen bs $ \(ptr, len) ->
+                       cb ptr (fromIntegral len)
+
+wrapNullablePtr :: (Ptr a -> b) -> Ptr a -> Maybe b
+wrapNullablePtr f ptr | ptr == nullPtr = Nothing
+                      | otherwise      = Just (f ptr)
+
+type Result a = Either Error a
+
+-- Convert a 'CError' to a 'Result', in the common case where
+-- SQLITE_OK signals success and anything else signals an error.
+--
+-- Note that SQLITE_OK == 0.
+toResult :: a -> CError -> Result a
+toResult a (CError 0) = Right a
+toResult _ code       = Left $ decodeError code
+
+-- Only perform the action if the 'CError' is SQLITE_OK.
+toResultM :: Monad m => m a -> CError -> m (Result a)
+toResultM m (CError 0) = m >>= return . Right
+toResultM _ code       = return $ Left $ decodeError code
+
+toStepResult :: CError -> Result StepResult
+toStepResult code =
+    case decodeError code of
+        ErrorRow  -> Right Row
+        ErrorDone -> Right Done
+        err       -> Left err
+
+toBackupStepResult :: CError -> Result BackupStepResult
+toBackupStepResult code =
+    case decodeError code of
+        ErrorOK   -> Right BackupOK
+        ErrorDone -> Right BackupDone
+        err       -> Left err
+
+-- | The context in which a custom SQL function is executed.
+newtype FuncContext = FuncContext (Ptr CContext)
+    deriving (Eq, Show)
+
+-- | The arguments of a custom SQL function.
+data FuncArgs = FuncArgs CArgCount (Ptr (Ptr CValue))
+
+-- | The type of blob handles used for incremental blob I/O
+data Blob = Blob Database (Ptr CBlob) -- we include the db handle to use in
+    deriving (Eq, Show)               -- error messages since it cannot
+                                      -- be retrieved any other way
+
+-- | A handle for an online backup process.
+data Backup = Backup Database (Ptr CBackup)
+    deriving (Eq, Show)
+-- we include the destination db handle to use in error messages since
+-- it cannot be retrieved any other way
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/open.html>
+open :: Utf8 -> IO (Either (Error, Utf8) Database)
+open (Utf8 path) =
+    BS.useAsCString path $ \path' ->
+    alloca $ \database -> do
+        rc <- c_sqlite3_open path' database
+        db <- Database <$> peek database
+            -- sqlite3_open returns a sqlite3 even on failure.
+            -- That's where we get a more descriptive error message.
+        case toResult () rc of
+            Left err -> do
+                msg <- errmsg db -- This returns "out of memory" if db is null.
+                _   <- close db  -- This is harmless if db is null.
+                return $ Left (err, msg)
+            Right () ->
+                if db == Database nullPtr
+                    then fail "sqlite3_open unexpectedly returned NULL"
+                    else return $ Right db
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/close.html>
+close :: Database -> IO (Either Error ())
+close (Database db) =
+    toResult () <$> c_sqlite3_close db
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/interrupt.html>
+--
+-- Cause any pending operation on the 'Database' handle to stop at its earliest
+-- opportunity.  This simply sets a flag and returns immediately.  It does not
+-- wait for the pending operation to finish.
+--
+-- You'll need to compile with @-threaded@ for this to do any good.
+-- Without @-threaded@, FFI calls block the whole RTS, meaning 'interrupt'
+-- would never run at the same time as 'step'.
+interrupt :: Database -> IO ()
+interrupt (Database db) =
+    c_sqlite3_interrupt db
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/errcode.html>
+errcode :: Database -> IO Error
+errcode (Database db) =
+    decodeError <$> c_sqlite3_errcode db
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/errcode.html>
+errmsg :: Database -> IO Utf8
+errmsg (Database db) =
+    c_sqlite3_errmsg db >>= packUtf8 (Utf8 BS.empty) id
+
+exec :: Database -> Utf8 -> IO (Either (Error, Utf8) ())
+exec (Database db) (Utf8 sql) =
+    BS.useAsCString sql $ \sql' ->
+    alloca $ \msgPtrOut -> do
+        rc <- c_sqlite3_exec db sql' nullFunPtr nullPtr msgPtrOut
+        case toResult () rc of
+            Left err -> do
+                msgPtr <- peek msgPtrOut
+                msg <- packUtf8 (Utf8 BS.empty) id msgPtr
+                c_sqlite3_free msgPtr
+                return $ Left (err, msg)
+            Right () -> return $ Right ()
+
+-- | Like 'exec', but invoke the callback for each result row.
+--
+-- If the callback throws an exception, it will be rethrown by
+-- 'execWithCallback'.
+execWithCallback :: Database -> Utf8 -> ExecCallback -> IO (Either (Error, Utf8) ())
+execWithCallback (Database db) (Utf8 sql) cb = do
+    abortReason <- newIORef Nothing :: IO (IORef (Maybe SomeException))
+    cbCache <- newIORef Nothing :: IO (IORef (Maybe ([Maybe Utf8] -> IO ())))
+        -- Cache the partial application of column count and name, so if the
+        -- caller wants to convert them to something else, it only has to do
+        -- the conversions once.
+
+    let getCallback cCount cNames = do
+            m <- readIORef cbCache
+            case m of
+                Nothing -> do
+                    names <- packUtf8Array (fail "execWithCallback: NULL column name")
+                                           return
+                                           (fromIntegral cCount) cNames
+                    let !cb' = cb (fromFFI cCount) names
+                    writeIORef cbCache $ Just cb'
+                    return cb'
+                Just cb' -> return cb'
+
+    let onExceptionAbort io =
+          (io >> return 0) `E.catch` \ex -> do
+            writeIORef abortReason $ Just ex
+            return 1
+
+    let cExecCallback _ctx cCount cValues cNames =
+          onExceptionAbort $ do
+            cb' <- getCallback cCount cNames
+            values <- packUtf8Array (return Nothing)
+                                    (return . Just)
+                                    (fromIntegral cCount) cValues
+            cb' values
+
+    BS.useAsCString sql $ \sql' ->
+      alloca $ \msgPtrOut ->
+      bracket (mkCExecCallback cExecCallback) freeHaskellFunPtr $
+      \pExecCallback -> do
+        let returnError err = do
+                msgPtr <- peek msgPtrOut
+                msg <- packUtf8 (Utf8 BS.empty) id msgPtr
+                c_sqlite3_free msgPtr
+                return $ Left (err, msg)
+        rc <- c_sqlite3_exec db sql' pExecCallback nullPtr msgPtrOut
+        case toResult () rc of
+            Left ErrorAbort -> do
+                m <- readIORef abortReason
+                case m of
+                    Nothing -> returnError ErrorAbort
+                    Just ex -> throwIO ex
+            Left err -> returnError err
+            Right () -> return $ Right ()
+
+type ExecCallback
+     = ColumnCount    -- ^ Number of columns, which is the number of items in
+                      --   the following lists.  This will be the same for
+                      --   every row.
+    -> [Utf8]         -- ^ List of column names.  This will be the same
+                      --   for every row.
+    -> [Maybe Utf8]   -- ^ List of column values, as returned by 'columnText'.
+    -> IO ()
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/profile.html>
+--
+-- Enable/disable tracing of SQL execution.  Tracing can be disabled
+-- by setting 'Nothing' as the logger callback.
+--
+-- Warning: If the logger callback throws an exception, your whole
+-- program will crash.  Enable only for debugging!
+setTrace :: Database -> Maybe (Utf8 -> IO ()) -> IO ()
+setTrace (Database db) logger =
+    case logger of
+        Nothing -> do
+            _ <- c_sqlite3_trace db nullFunPtr nullPtr
+            return ()
+        Just output -> do
+            -- NB: this FunPtr never gets freed.  Shouldn't be a big deal,
+            -- though, since 'setTrace' is mainly for debugging, and is
+            -- typically only called once per application invocation.
+            cb <- mkCTraceCallback $ \_ctx cStr -> do
+                msg <- packUtf8 (Utf8 BS.empty) id cStr
+                output msg
+            _ <- c_sqlite3_trace db cb nullPtr
+            return ()
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/get_autocommit.html>
+--
+-- Return 'True' if the connection is in autocommit mode, or 'False' if a
+-- transaction started with @BEGIN@ is still active.
+--
+-- Be warned that some errors roll back the transaction automatically,
+-- and that @ROLLBACK@ will throw an error if no transaction is active.
+-- Use 'getAutoCommit' to avoid such an error:
+--
+-- @
+--  autocommit <- 'getAutoCommit' conn
+--  'Control.Monad.when' (not autocommit) $
+--      'Database.SQLite3.exec' conn \"ROLLBACK\"
+-- @
+getAutoCommit :: Database -> IO Bool
+getAutoCommit (Database db) =
+    (/= 0) <$> c_sqlite3_get_autocommit db
+
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/enable_shared_cache.html>
+--
+-- Enable or disable shared cache for all future connections.
+setSharedCacheEnabled :: Bool -> IO (Either Error ())
+setSharedCacheEnabled val =
+    toResult () <$> c_sqlite3_enable_shared_cache
+        (if val then 1 else 0)
+
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>
+--
+-- If the query contains no SQL statements, this returns
+-- @'Right' 'Nothing'@.
+prepare :: Database -> Utf8 -> IO (Either Error (Maybe Statement))
+prepare (Database db) (Utf8 sql) =
+    BS.useAsCString sql $ \sql' ->
+        alloca $ \statement ->
+            c_sqlite3_prepare_v2 db sql' (-1) statement nullPtr >>=
+                toResultM (wrapNullablePtr Statement <$> peek statement)
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/db_handle.html>
+getStatementDatabase :: Statement -> IO Database
+getStatementDatabase (Statement stmt) = do
+    db <- c_sqlite3_db_handle stmt
+    if db == nullPtr
+        then fail $ "sqlite3_db_handle(" ++ show stmt ++ ") returned NULL"
+        else return (Database db)
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/step.html>
+step :: Statement -> IO (Either Error StepResult)
+step (Statement stmt) =
+    toStepResult <$> c_sqlite3_step stmt
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/reset.html>
+--
+-- Warning:
+--
+--  * If the most recent 'step' call failed,
+--    this will return the corresponding error.
+--
+--  * This does not reset the bindings on a prepared statement.
+--    Use 'clearBindings' to do that.
+reset :: Statement -> IO (Either Error ())
+reset (Statement stmt) =
+    toResult () <$> c_sqlite3_reset stmt
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/finalize.html>
+--
+-- /Warning:/ If the most recent 'step' call failed,
+-- this will return the corresponding error.
+finalize :: Statement -> IO (Either Error ())
+finalize (Statement stmt) =
+    toResult () <$> c_sqlite3_finalize stmt
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/sql.html>
+--
+-- Return a copy of the original SQL text used to compile the statement.
+statementSql :: Statement -> IO (Maybe Utf8)
+statementSql (Statement stmt) =
+    c_sqlite3_sql stmt >>= packUtf8 Nothing Just
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/clear_bindings.html>
+--
+-- Set all parameters in the prepared statement to null.
+clearBindings :: Statement -> IO ()
+clearBindings (Statement stmt) = do
+    _ <- c_sqlite3_clear_bindings stmt
+    return ()
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_parameter_count.html>
+--
+-- This returns the index of the largest (rightmost) parameter.  Note that this
+-- is not necessarily the number of parameters.  If numbered parameters like
+-- @?5@ are used, there may be gaps in the list.
+--
+-- See 'ParamIndex' for more information.
+bindParameterCount :: Statement -> IO ParamIndex
+bindParameterCount (Statement stmt) =
+    fromFFI <$> c_sqlite3_bind_parameter_count stmt
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_parameter_name.html>
+bindParameterName :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> IO (Maybe Utf8)
+bindParameterName (Statement stmt) idx =
+    c_sqlite3_bind_parameter_name stmt (toFFI idx) >>=
+        packUtf8 Nothing Just
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_parameter_index.html>
+bindParameterIndex :: Statement -> Utf8 -> IO (Maybe ParamIndex)
+bindParameterIndex (Statement stmt) (Utf8 name) =
+    BS.useAsCString name $ \name' -> do
+        idx <- fromFFI <$> c_sqlite3_bind_parameter_index stmt name'
+        return $ if idx == 0 then Nothing else Just idx
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_count.html>
+columnCount :: Statement -> IO ColumnCount
+columnCount (Statement stmt) =
+    fromFFI <$> c_sqlite3_column_count stmt
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_name.html>
+columnName :: Statement -> ColumnIndex -> IO (Maybe Utf8)
+columnName (Statement stmt) idx =
+    c_sqlite3_column_name stmt (toFFI idx) >>=
+        packUtf8 Nothing Just
+
+bindInt64 :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> Int64 -> IO (Either Error ())
+bindInt64 (Statement stmt) idx value =
+    toResult () <$> c_sqlite3_bind_int64 stmt (toFFI idx) value
+
+bindDouble :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> Double -> IO (Either Error ())
+bindDouble (Statement stmt) idx value =
+    toResult () <$> c_sqlite3_bind_double stmt (toFFI idx) value
+
+bindText :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> Utf8 -> IO (Either Error ())
+bindText (Statement stmt) idx (Utf8 value) =
+    unsafeUseAsCStringLenNoNull value $ \ptr len ->
+        toResult () <$>
+            c_sqlite3_bind_text stmt (toFFI idx) ptr len c_SQLITE_TRANSIENT
+
+bindBlob :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> ByteString -> IO (Either Error ())
+bindBlob (Statement stmt) idx value =
+    unsafeUseAsCStringLenNoNull value $ \ptr len ->
+        toResult () <$>
+            c_sqlite3_bind_blob stmt (toFFI idx) ptr len c_SQLITE_TRANSIENT
+
+bindZeroBlob :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> Int -> IO (Either Error ())
+bindZeroBlob (Statement stmt) idx len =
+    toResult () <$>
+        c_sqlite3_bind_zeroblob stmt (toFFI idx) (fromIntegral len)
+
+bindNull :: Statement -> ParamIndex -> IO (Either Error ())
+bindNull (Statement stmt) idx =
+    toResult () <$> c_sqlite3_bind_null stmt (toFFI idx)
+
+columnType :: Statement -> ColumnIndex -> IO ColumnType
+columnType (Statement stmt) idx =
+    decodeColumnType <$> c_sqlite3_column_type stmt (toFFI idx)
+
+columnInt64 :: Statement -> ColumnIndex -> IO Int64
+columnInt64 (Statement stmt) idx =
+    c_sqlite3_column_int64 stmt (toFFI idx)
+
+columnDouble :: Statement -> ColumnIndex -> IO Double
+columnDouble (Statement stmt) idx =
+    c_sqlite3_column_double stmt (toFFI idx)
+
+columnText :: Statement -> ColumnIndex -> IO Utf8
+columnText (Statement stmt) idx = do
+    ptr <- c_sqlite3_column_text stmt (toFFI idx)
+    len <- c_sqlite3_column_bytes stmt (toFFI idx)
+    Utf8 <$> packCStringLen ptr len
+
+columnBlob :: Statement -> ColumnIndex -> IO ByteString
+columnBlob (Statement stmt) idx = do
+    ptr <- c_sqlite3_column_blob stmt (toFFI idx)
+    len <- c_sqlite3_column_bytes stmt (toFFI idx)
+    packCStringLen ptr len
+
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/last_insert_rowid.html>
+lastInsertRowId :: Database -> IO Int64
+lastInsertRowId (Database db) =
+    c_sqlite3_last_insert_rowid db
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/changes.html>
+--
+-- Return the number of rows that were changed, inserted, or deleted
+-- by the most recent @INSERT@, @DELETE@, or @UPDATE@ statement.
+changes :: Database -> IO Int
+changes (Database db) =
+    fromIntegral <$> c_sqlite3_changes db
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/total_changes.html>
+--
+-- Return the total number of row changes caused by @INSERT@, @DELETE@,
+-- or @UPDATE@ statements since the 'Database' was opened.
+totalChanges :: Database -> IO Int
+totalChanges (Database db) =
+    fromIntegral <$> c_sqlite3_total_changes db
+
+-- We use CFuncPtrs to store the function pointers used in the implementation
+-- of custom SQL functions so that sqlite can deallocate those pointers when
+-- the function is deleted or overwritten
+data CFuncPtrs = CFuncPtrs (FunPtr CFunc) (FunPtr CFunc) (FunPtr CFuncFinal)
+
+-- Deallocate the function pointers used to implement a custom function
+-- This is only called by sqlite so we create one global FunPtr to pass to
+-- sqlite
+destroyCFuncPtrs :: FunPtr (CFuncDestroy ())
+destroyCFuncPtrs = IOU.unsafePerformIO $ mkCFuncDestroy destroy
+  where
+    destroy p = do
+        let p' = castPtrToStablePtr p
+        CFuncPtrs p1 p2 p3 <- deRefStablePtr p'
+        unless (p1 == nullFunPtr) $ freeHaskellFunPtr p1
+        unless (p2 == nullFunPtr) $ freeHaskellFunPtr p2
+        unless (p3 == nullFunPtr) $ freeHaskellFunPtr p3
+        freeStablePtr p'
+{-# NOINLINE destroyCFuncPtrs #-}
+
+-- | <http://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_function.html>
+--
+-- Create a custom SQL function or redefine the behavior of an existing
+-- function.
+createFunction
+    :: Database
+    -> Utf8           -- ^ Name of the function.
+    -> Maybe ArgCount -- ^ Number of arguments. 'Nothing' means that the
+                      --   function accepts any number of arguments.
+    -> Bool           -- ^ Is the function deterministic?
+    -> (FuncContext -> FuncArgs -> IO ())
+                      -- ^ Implementation of the function.
+    -> IO (Either Error ())
+createFunction (Database db) (Utf8 name) nArgs isDet fun = mask_ $ do
+    funPtr <- mkCFunc fun'
+    u <- newStablePtr $ CFuncPtrs funPtr nullFunPtr nullFunPtr
+    BS.useAsCString name $ \namePtr ->
+        toResult () <$>
+            c_sqlite3_create_function_v2
+                db namePtr (maybeArgCount nArgs) flags (castStablePtrToPtr u)
+                funPtr nullFunPtr nullFunPtr destroyCFuncPtrs
+  where
+    flags = if isDet then c_SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC else 0
+    fun' ctx nArgs' cvals =
+        catchAsResultError ctx $
+            fun (FuncContext ctx) (FuncArgs nArgs' cvals)
+
+-- | Like 'createFunction' except that it creates an aggregate function.
+createAggregate
+    :: Database
+    -> Utf8           -- ^ Name of the function.
+    -> Maybe ArgCount -- ^ Number of arguments.
+    -> a              -- ^ Initial aggregate state.
+    -> (FuncContext -> FuncArgs -> a -> IO a)
+                      -- ^ Process one row and update the aggregate state.
+    -> (FuncContext -> a -> IO ())
+                      -- ^ Called after all rows have been processed.
+                      --   Can be used to construct the returned value
+                      --   from the aggregate state.
+    -> IO (Either Error ())
+createAggregate (Database db) (Utf8 name) nArgs initSt xStep xFinal = mask_ $ do
+    stepPtr <- mkCFunc xStep'
+    finalPtr <- mkCFuncFinal xFinal'
+    u <- newStablePtr $ CFuncPtrs nullFunPtr stepPtr finalPtr
+    BS.useAsCString name $ \namePtr ->
+        toResult () <$>
+            c_sqlite3_create_function_v2
+                db namePtr (maybeArgCount nArgs) 0 (castStablePtrToPtr u)
+                nullFunPtr stepPtr finalPtr destroyCFuncPtrs
+  where
+    -- we store the aggregate state in the buffer returned by
+    -- c_sqlite3_aggregate_context as a StablePtr pointing to an IORef that
+    -- contains the actual aggregate state
+    xStep' ctx nArgs' cvals =
+        catchAsResultError ctx $ do
+            aggCtx <- getAggregateContext ctx
+            aggStPtr <- peek aggCtx
+            aggStRef <-
+                if castStablePtrToPtr aggStPtr /= nullPtr then
+                    deRefStablePtr aggStPtr
+                else do
+                    aggStRef <- newIORef initSt
+                    aggStPtr' <- newStablePtr aggStRef
+                    poke aggCtx aggStPtr'
+                    return aggStRef
+            aggSt <- readIORef aggStRef
+            aggSt' <- xStep (FuncContext ctx) (FuncArgs nArgs' cvals) aggSt
+            writeIORef aggStRef aggSt'
+    xFinal' ctx = do
+        aggCtx <- getAggregateContext ctx
+        aggStPtr <- peek aggCtx
+        if castStablePtrToPtr aggStPtr == nullPtr then
+            catchAsResultError ctx $
+                xFinal (FuncContext ctx) initSt
+        else do
+            catchAsResultError ctx $ do
+                aggStRef <- deRefStablePtr aggStPtr
+                aggSt <- readIORef aggStRef
+                xFinal (FuncContext ctx) aggSt
+            freeStablePtr aggStPtr
+    getAggregateContext ctx =
+        c_sqlite3_aggregate_context ctx stPtrSize
+    stPtrSize = fromIntegral $ sizeOf (undefined :: StablePtr ())
+
+-- call c_sqlite3_result_error in the event of an error
+catchAsResultError :: Ptr CContext -> IO () -> IO ()
+catchAsResultError ctx action = E.catch action $ \exn -> do
+    let msg = show (exn :: SomeException)
+    withCAStringLen msg $ \(ptr, len) ->
+        c_sqlite3_result_error ctx ptr (fromIntegral len)
+
+-- | Delete an SQL function (scalar or aggregate).
+deleteFunction :: Database -> Utf8 -> Maybe ArgCount -> IO (Either Error ())
+deleteFunction (Database db) (Utf8 name) nArgs =
+    BS.useAsCString name $ \namePtr ->
+        toResult () <$>
+            c_sqlite3_create_function_v2
+                db namePtr (maybeArgCount nArgs) 0 nullPtr
+                nullFunPtr nullFunPtr nullFunPtr nullFunPtr
+
+maybeArgCount :: Maybe ArgCount -> CArgCount
+maybeArgCount (Just n) = toFFI n
+maybeArgCount Nothing = -1
+
+
+funcArgCount :: FuncArgs -> ArgCount
+funcArgCount (FuncArgs nArgs _) = fromIntegral nArgs
+
+funcArgType :: FuncArgs -> ArgIndex -> IO ColumnType
+funcArgType =
+    extractFuncArg NullColumn (fmap decodeColumnType . c_sqlite3_value_type)
+
+funcArgInt64 :: FuncArgs -> ArgIndex -> IO Int64
+funcArgInt64 = extractFuncArg 0 c_sqlite3_value_int64
+
+funcArgDouble :: FuncArgs -> ArgIndex -> IO Double
+funcArgDouble = extractFuncArg 0 c_sqlite3_value_double
+
+funcArgText :: FuncArgs -> ArgIndex -> IO Utf8
+funcArgText = extractFuncArg mempty $ \cval -> do
+    ptr <- c_sqlite3_value_text cval
+    len <- c_sqlite3_value_bytes cval
+    Utf8 <$> packCStringLen ptr len
+
+funcArgBlob :: FuncArgs -> ArgIndex -> IO ByteString
+funcArgBlob  = extractFuncArg mempty $ \cval -> do
+    ptr <- c_sqlite3_value_blob cval
+    len <- c_sqlite3_value_bytes cval
+    packCStringLen ptr len
+
+-- the c_sqlite3_value_* family of functions don't handle null pointers, so
+-- we must use a wrapper to guarantee that a sensible value is returned if
+-- we are out of bounds
+extractFuncArg :: a -> (Ptr CValue -> IO a) -> FuncArgs -> ArgIndex -> IO a
+extractFuncArg defVal extract (FuncArgs nArgs p) idx
+    | 0 <= idx && idx < fromIntegral nArgs = do
+        cval <- peekElemOff p (fromIntegral idx)
+        extract cval
+    | otherwise = return defVal
+
+
+funcResultInt64 :: FuncContext -> Int64 -> IO ()
+funcResultInt64 (FuncContext ctx) value =
+    c_sqlite3_result_int64 ctx value
+
+funcResultDouble :: FuncContext -> Double -> IO ()
+funcResultDouble (FuncContext ctx) value =
+    c_sqlite3_result_double ctx value
+
+funcResultText :: FuncContext -> Utf8 -> IO ()
+funcResultText (FuncContext ctx) (Utf8 value) =
+    unsafeUseAsCStringLenNoNull value $ \ptr len ->
+        c_sqlite3_result_text ctx ptr len c_SQLITE_TRANSIENT
+
+funcResultBlob :: FuncContext -> ByteString -> IO ()
+funcResultBlob (FuncContext ctx) value =
+    unsafeUseAsCStringLenNoNull value $ \ptr len ->
+        c_sqlite3_result_blob ctx ptr len c_SQLITE_TRANSIENT
+
+funcResultZeroBlob :: FuncContext -> Int -> IO ()
+funcResultZeroBlob (FuncContext ctx) len =
+    c_sqlite3_result_zeroblob ctx (fromIntegral len)
+
+funcResultNull :: FuncContext -> IO ()
+funcResultNull (FuncContext ctx) =
+    c_sqlite3_result_null ctx
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/context_db_handle.html>
+getFuncContextDatabase :: FuncContext -> IO Database
+getFuncContextDatabase (FuncContext ctx) = do
+    db <- c_sqlite3_context_db_handle ctx
+    if db == nullPtr
+        then fail $ "sqlite3_context_db_handle(" ++ show ctx ++ ") returned NULL"
+        else return (Database db)
+
+
+-- Deallocate the function pointer to the comparison function used to
+-- implement a custom collation
+destroyCCompare :: CFuncDestroy ()
+destroyCCompare ptr = freeHaskellFunPtr ptr'
+  where
+    ptr' = castPtrToFunPtr ptr :: FunPtr (CCompare ())
+
+-- This is called by sqlite so we create one global FunPtr to pass to sqlite
+destroyCComparePtr :: FunPtr (CFuncDestroy ())
+destroyCComparePtr = IOU.unsafePerformIO $ mkCFuncDestroy destroyCCompare
+{-# NOINLINE destroyCComparePtr #-}
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/create_collation.html>
+createCollation
+    :: Database
+    -> Utf8                       -- ^ Name of the collation.
+    -> (Utf8 -> Utf8 -> Ordering) -- ^ Comparison function.
+    -> IO (Either Error ())
+createCollation (Database db) (Utf8 name) cmp = mask_ $ do
+    cmpPtr <- mkCCompare cmp'
+    let u = castFunPtrToPtr cmpPtr
+    BS.useAsCString name $ \namePtr ->
+        toResult () <$> do
+            r <- c_sqlite3_create_collation_v2
+                db namePtr c_SQLITE_UTF8 u cmpPtr destroyCComparePtr
+            -- sqlite does not call the destructor for us in case of an
+            -- error
+            unless (r == CError 0) $
+                destroyCCompare $ castFunPtrToPtr cmpPtr
+            return r
+  where
+    cmp' _ len1 ptr1 len2 ptr2 = handle exnHandler $ do
+        s1 <- Utf8 <$> packCStringLen ptr1 len1
+        s2 <- Utf8 <$> packCStringLen ptr2 len2
+        let c = cmp s1 s2
+        evaluate (fromIntegral $ fromEnum c - 1)
+    exnHandler (_ :: SomeException) = return (-1)
+
+-- | Delete a collation.
+deleteCollation :: Database -> Utf8 -> IO (Either Error ())
+deleteCollation (Database db) (Utf8 name) =
+    BS.useAsCString name $ \namePtr ->
+        toResult () <$> do
+            c_sqlite3_create_collation_v2
+                db namePtr c_SQLITE_UTF8 nullPtr nullFunPtr nullFunPtr
+
+-- | <http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/enable_load_extension.html>
+--
+-- Enable or disable extension loading.
+setLoadExtensionEnabled :: Database -> Bool -> IO (Either Error ())
+setLoadExtensionEnabled (Database db) enabled = do
+    toResult () <$> c_sqlite3_enable_load_extension db enabled
+
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_open.html>
+--
+-- Open a blob for incremental I/O.
+blobOpen
+    :: Database
+    -> Utf8   -- ^ The symbolic name of the database (e.g. "main").
+    -> Utf8   -- ^ The table name.
+    -> Utf8   -- ^ The column name.
+    -> Int64  -- ^ The @ROWID@ of the row.
+    -> Bool   -- ^ Open the blob for read-write.
+    -> IO (Either Error Blob)
+blobOpen (Database db) (Utf8 zDb) (Utf8 zTable) (Utf8 zColumn) rowid rw =
+    BS.useAsCString zDb $ \ptrDb ->
+    BS.useAsCString zTable $ \ptrTable ->
+    BS.useAsCString zColumn $ \ptrColumn ->
+    alloca $ \ptrBlob -> do
+        c_sqlite3_blob_open db ptrDb ptrTable ptrColumn rowid flags ptrBlob
+            >>= toResultM (Blob (Database db) <$> peek ptrBlob)
+  where
+    flags = if rw then 1 else 0
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_close.html>
+blobClose :: Blob -> IO (Either Error ())
+blobClose (Blob _ blob) =
+    toResult () <$> c_sqlite3_blob_close blob
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_reopen.html>
+blobReopen :: Blob -> Int64 -> IO (Either Error ())
+blobReopen (Blob _ blob) rowid =
+    toResult () <$> c_sqlite3_blob_reopen blob rowid
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_bytes.html>
+blobBytes :: Blob -> IO Int
+blobBytes (Blob _ blob) =
+    fromIntegral <$> c_sqlite3_blob_bytes blob
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_read.html>
+blobRead
+    :: Blob
+    -> Int -- ^ Number of bytes to read.
+    -> Int -- ^ Offset within the blob.
+    -> IO (Either Error ByteString)
+blobRead blob len offset =
+    -- we do not use allocaBytes here because it deallocates its buffer
+    -- which would necessitate copying it
+    -- instead we use mallocBytes and mask to ensure both exception
+    -- safety and that the buffer is not copied any times
+    mask $ \restore -> do
+        buf <- mallocBytes len
+        r <- restore (blobReadBuf blob buf len offset)
+            `onException` (free buf)
+        case r of
+            Left err -> free buf >> return (Left err)
+            Right () -> do
+                bs <- BSU.unsafePackCStringFinalizer buf len (free buf)
+                return (Right bs)
+
+blobReadBuf :: Blob -> Ptr a -> Int -> Int -> IO (Either Error ())
+blobReadBuf (Blob _ blob) buf len offset =
+    toResult () <$>
+        c_sqlite3_blob_read blob buf (fromIntegral len) (fromIntegral offset)
+
+-- | <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_write.html>
+blobWrite
+    :: Blob
+    -> ByteString
+    -> Int -- ^ Offset within the blob.
+    -> IO (Either Error ())
+blobWrite (Blob _ blob) bs offset =
+    BSU.unsafeUseAsCStringLen bs $ \(buf, len) ->
+        toResult () <$>
+            c_sqlite3_blob_write blob buf (fromIntegral len) (fromIntegral offset)
+
+
+backupInit
+    :: Database  -- ^ Destination database handle
+    -> Utf8      -- ^ Destination database name
+    -> Database  -- ^ Source database handle
+    -> Utf8      -- ^ Source database name
+    -> IO (Either Error Backup)
+backupInit (Database dstDb) (Utf8 dstName) (Database srcDb) (Utf8 srcName) =
+    BS.useAsCString dstName $ \dstName' ->
+    BS.useAsCString srcName $ \srcName' -> do
+        r <- c_sqlite3_backup_init dstDb dstName' srcDb srcName'
+        if r == nullPtr
+            then Left <$> errcode (Database dstDb)
+            else return (Right (Backup (Database dstDb) r))
+
+backupFinish :: Backup -> IO (Either Error ())
+backupFinish (Backup _ backup) =
+    toResult () <$>
+        c_sqlite3_backup_finish backup
+
+backupStep :: Backup -> Int -> IO (Either Error BackupStepResult)
+backupStep (Backup _ backup) pages =
+    toBackupStepResult <$>
+        c_sqlite3_backup_step backup (fromIntegral pages)
+
+backupRemaining :: Backup -> IO Int
+backupRemaining (Backup _ backup) =
+    fromIntegral <$> c_sqlite3_backup_remaining backup
+
+backupPagecount :: Backup -> IO Int
+backupPagecount (Backup _ backup) =
+    fromIntegral <$> c_sqlite3_backup_pagecount backup
LICENSE view
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@-Copyright (c) 2012 Irene Knapp--Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person-obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation-files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without-restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,-copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the-Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following-conditions:--The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be-included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.--THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,-EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES-OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND-NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT-HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,-WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING-FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR-OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.+Copyright (c) 2012 Irene Knapp
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
+OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
Setup.hs view
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@-#!/usr/bin/env runhaskell--import Distribution.Simple--main = defaultMain+#!/usr/bin/env runhaskell
+
+import Distribution.Simple
+
+main = defaultMain
cbits/sqlite3.c view

file too large to diff

cbits/sqlite3.h view
@@ -1,10371 +1,10371 @@-/*-** 2001 September 15-**-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:-**-**    May you do good and not evil.-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.-**-*************************************************************************-** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library-** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,-** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is-** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without-** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.-**-** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as-** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new-** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes-** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes-** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.-**-** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived-** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source-** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.-**-** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".-** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting-** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as-** part of the build process.-*/-#ifndef SQLITE3_H-#define SQLITE3_H-#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */--/*-** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.-*/-#ifdef __cplusplus-extern "C" {-#endif---/*-** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.-*/-#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN-# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern-#endif-#ifndef SQLITE_API-# define SQLITE_API-#endif-#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL-# define SQLITE_CDECL-#endif-#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL-# define SQLITE_APICALL-#endif-#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL-# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL-#endif-#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK-# define SQLITE_CALLBACK-#endif-#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI-# define SQLITE_SYSAPI-#endif--/*-** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those-** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications-** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards-** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that-** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.-**-** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that-** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that-** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports-** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple-** noop macros.-*/-#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED-#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL--/*-** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.-*/-#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION-# undef SQLITE_VERSION-#endif-#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER-# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER-#endif--/*-** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers-**-** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header-** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the-** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for-** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^-** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer-** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same-** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^-** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also-** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will-** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented-** and Z will be reset to zero.-**-** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]), -** SQLite source code has been stored in the-** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management-** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to-** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite-** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID-** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1-** hash of the entire source tree.-**-** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],-** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],-** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].-*/-#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.15.2"-#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3015002-#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2016-11-28 19:13:37 bbd85d235f7037c6a033a9690534391ffeacecc8"--/*-** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid-**-** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],-** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros-** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious-** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to-** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in-** the header, and thus ensure that the application is-** compiled with matching library and header files.-**-** <blockquote><pre>-** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );-** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );-** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );-** </pre></blockquote>)^-**-** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]-** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the-** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()-** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have-** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The-** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to-** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns -** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the -** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.-**-** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].-*/-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics-**-** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1 -** indicating whether the specified option was defined at -** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the -** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().  -**-** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating-** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by-** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,-** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_ -** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by -** sqlite3_compileoption_get().-**-** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()-** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the -** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.-**-** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and-** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].-*/-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);-#endif--/*-** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe-**-** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if-** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the-** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.-**-** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes-** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the-** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0, -** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe-** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.-**-** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.-** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable-** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.-** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.-**-** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the-** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with-** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.-**-** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting-** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with-** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but-** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]-** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],-** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the-** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of-** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by-** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()-** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^-**-** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle-** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}-**-** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of-** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3-** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and-** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]-** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other-** interfaces (such as-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and-** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an-** sqlite3 object.-*/-typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;--/*-** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types-** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64-**-** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types-** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.-**-** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.-** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards-** compatibility only.-**-** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values-** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The-** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values -** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.-*/-#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE-  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;-  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;-#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)-  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;-  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;-#else-  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;-  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;-#endif-typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;-typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;--/*-** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,-** substitute integer for floating-point.-*/-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT-# define double sqlite3_int64-#endif--/*-** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection-** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3-**-** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors-** for the [sqlite3] object.-** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if-** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated-** resources are deallocated.-**-** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared-** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()-** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].-** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements-** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes-** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the-** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is-** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with-** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which-** destructors are called is arbitrary.-**-** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],-** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and -** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated-** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If-** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has-** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or-** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation-** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],-** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.-**-** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,-** the transaction is automatically rolled back.-**-** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]-** must be either a NULL-** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained-** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or-** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.-** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer-** argument is a harmless no-op.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);--/*-** The type for a callback function.-** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical-** compatibility and is not documented.-*/-typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);--/*-** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],-** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL-** without having to use a lot of C code. -**-** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,-** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,-** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st-** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to-** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row-** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to-** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each-** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()-** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are-** ignored.-**-** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into-** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and-** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()-** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained-** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.-** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]-** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of-** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.-** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors-** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to-** NULL before returning.-**-** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()-** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and-** without running any subsequent SQL statements.-**-** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the-** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()-** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from-** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a-** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the-** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the-** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each-** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained-** from [sqlite3_column_name()].-**-** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer-** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or -** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database-** is not changed.-**-** Restrictions:-**-** <ul>-** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()-**      is a valid and open [database connection].-** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by-**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.-** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into-**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.-** </ul>-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(-  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */-  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */-  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */-  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */-  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Result Codes-** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}-**-** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown-** here in order to indicate success or failure.-**-** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.-**-** See also: [extended result code definitions]-*/-#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */-/* beginning-of-error-codes */-#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */-#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */-#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */-#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */-#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */-#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */-#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */-#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */-#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/-#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */-#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */-#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */-#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */-#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */-#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */-#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */-#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */-#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */-#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */-#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */-#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */-#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */-#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */-#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */-#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */-#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */-#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */-#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */-#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */-#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */-/* end-of-error-codes */--/*-** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes-** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}-**-** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer-** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of-** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as-** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to-** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]-** and later) include-** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information-** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled-** on a per database connection basis using the-** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for-** the most recent error can be obtained using-** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].-*/-#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))-#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))-#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))-#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))-#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))-#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))-#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))-#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))-#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))-#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))-#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))-#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))-#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))-#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))-#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))-#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))-#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))-#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))-#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))-#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))-#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))-#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))-#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))-#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))-#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))-#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))-#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))-#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))-#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))-#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))--/*-** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations-**-** These bit values are intended for use in the-** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and-** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.-*/-#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */-#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */-#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */-#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */-#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */-#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */-#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */-#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */-#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */-#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */-#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */-#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */-#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */-#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */-#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */-#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */-#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */-#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */-#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */-#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */--/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */--/*-** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics-**-** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]-** object returns an integer which is a vector of these-** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage-** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]-** refers to.-**-** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of-** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values-** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and-** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of-** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means-** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended-** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other-** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that-** information is written to disk in the same order as calls-** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that-** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a-** file that were written at the application level might have changed-** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are-** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN-** flag indicate that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The-** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on-** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with-** elevated privileges.-*/-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000-#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000--/*-** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels-**-** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second-** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods-** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.-*/-#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0-#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1-#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2-#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3-#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4--/*-** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags-**-** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an-** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of-** these integer values as the second argument.-**-** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the-** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode-** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag-** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.-** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means-** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().-**-** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags-** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL-** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the-** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.-** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how-** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and-** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.-** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction-** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the-** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX-** cares about the difference.)-*/-#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002-#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003-#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010--/*-** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle-**-** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the -** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface-** implementations will-** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields-** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an-** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing-** I/O operations on the open file.-*/-typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;-struct sqlite3_file {-  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */-};--/*-** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object-**-** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an-** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the-** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.-** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations-** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.-**-** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element -** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method-** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The-** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]-** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element-** to NULL.-**-** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or-** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().-** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]-** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file-** and not its inode needs to be synced.-**-** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of-** <ul>-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or-** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].-** </ul>-** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.-** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,-** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,-** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true-** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.-**-** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom-** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the-** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an-** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to-** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to-** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be-** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the-** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire-** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite-** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.-** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.-** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes-** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should-** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not-** recognize.-**-** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the-** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the-** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing-** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()-** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the-** underlying device:-**-** <ul>-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]-** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]-** </ul>-**-** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of-** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values-** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and-** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of-** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means-** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended-** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other-** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that-** information is written to disk in the same order as calls-** to xWrite().-**-** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill-** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that-** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,-** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to-** database corruption.-*/-typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;-struct sqlite3_io_methods {-  int iVersion;-  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);-  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);-  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);-  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);-  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);-  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);-  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);-  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);-  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);-  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);-  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);-  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);-  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */-  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);-  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);-  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);-  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);-  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */-  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);-  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);-  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */-  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */-};--/*-** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes-** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}-**-** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method-** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]-** interface.-**-** <ul>-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This-** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of-** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],-** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])-** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability-** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST-** compile-time option is used.-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS-** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the-** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it-** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database-** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database-** file run faster.-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS-** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified-** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should -** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use-** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large-** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and-** improve performance on some systems.-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer-** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database-** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer-** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either-** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database-** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]-** No longer in use.-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and-** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a-** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked -** because the user has configured SQLite with -** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place -** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with-** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced-** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated-** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that -** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications -** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may -** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.  -**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite-** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately-** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal-** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call-** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the -** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.  -**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]-** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic-** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the-** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of-** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,-** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay-** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing-** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This-** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)-** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections-** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two-** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second-** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting-** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written-** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be-** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]-** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the-** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary-** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control-** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database-** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after-** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not-** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want-** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist-** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to-** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.-** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent-** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current-** WAL persistence setting.-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]-** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the-** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting-** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the-** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to-** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.-** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage-** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current-** zero-damage mode setting.-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]-** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening-** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some-** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current -** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]-** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of-** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the-** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from -** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable-** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.-** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with-** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually-** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL-** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control-** is intended for diagnostic use only.-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]-** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level-** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in-** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be-** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X-** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^-** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the-** upper-most shim only.-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]-** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] -** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding-** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument-** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of-** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array-** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the-** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an-** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element-** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]-** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or-** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the-** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal -** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]-** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the-** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op-** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy-** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.-** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns-** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means-** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the-** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]-** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so-** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]-** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]-** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle-** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access-** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)-** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points-** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections-** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in-** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation-** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the-** current operation.-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]-** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control-** to have SQLite generate a-** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate-** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The-** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename-** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should-** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the-** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.-** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that-** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The-** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if-** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit -** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This-** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information-** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.-** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].-** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the-** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if-** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a-** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending-** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it-** was first opened.-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the-** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file-** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and-** writes the resulting value there.-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This-** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one-** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing-** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might-** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately-** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare-** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.-** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other-** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.-**-** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by-** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for-** this opcode.  -** </ul>-*/-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28-#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29--/* deprecated names */-#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE-#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE-#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO---/*-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle-**-** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an-** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks-** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only-** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.-**-** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].-*/-typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;--/*-** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk-**-** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as-** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This-** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings-** on some platforms.-*/-typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;--/*-** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object-**-** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between-** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"-** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See-** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.-**-** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in-** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this-** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure-** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between-** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not-** modified.-**-** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]-** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of-** a pathname in this VFS.-**-** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by-** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]-** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list-** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface-** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS-** implementation should use the pNext pointer.-**-** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs-** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access-** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.-** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs-** object once the object has been registered.-**-** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must-** be unique across all VFS modules.-**-** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]-** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen-** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained-** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.-** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will-** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than-** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.-** ^SQLite further guarantees that-** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is-** called. Because of the previous sentence,-** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the-** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.-** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen-** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the -** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the-** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].-**-** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in-** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]-** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least-** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]. -** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to-** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.-**-** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()-** call, depending on the object being opened:-**-** <ul>-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]-** </ul>)^-**-** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to-** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application-** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make-** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would-** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return-** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database-** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random-** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.-**-** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:-**-** <ul>-** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]-** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]-** </ul>-**-** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be-** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]-** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient-** databases, and subjournals.-**-** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction-** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly-** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()-** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the -** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always-** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.-** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened -** for exclusive access.-**-** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite-** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third-** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to-** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that-** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either-** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do-** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods-** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success-** or failure of the xOpen call.-**-** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]-** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]-** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to-** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]-** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a-** directory.-**-** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the-** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer-** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer-** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is-** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor-** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.-**-** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()-** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are-** included in the VFS structure for completeness.-** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes-** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is-** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.-** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at-** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()-** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as-** a floating point value.-** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian-** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in -** a 24-hour day).  -** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current-** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or -** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back-** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.-**-** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces-** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided-** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding -** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can-** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult-** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden-** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the-** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any-** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change-** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access-** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.-*/-typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;-typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);-struct sqlite3_vfs {-  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */-  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */-  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */-  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */-  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */-  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */-  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,-               int flags, int *pOutFlags);-  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);-  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);-  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);-  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);-  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);-  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);-  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);-  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);-  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);-  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);-  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);-  /*-  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object-  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later-  */-  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);-  /*-  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.-  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.-  */-  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);-  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);-  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);-  /*-  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.-  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion-  ** value will increment whenever this happens. -  */-};--/*-** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method-**-** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to-** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine-** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.-** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method-** simply checks whether the file exists.-** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method-** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable-** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within-** the directory).-** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the-** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future-** release of SQLite.-** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method-** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is-** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of-** SQLite.-*/-#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0-#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */-#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */--/*-** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method-**-** These integer constants define the various locking operations-** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The-** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the-** xShmLock method:-**-** <ul>-** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED-** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE-** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED-** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE-** </ul>-**-** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as-** was given on the corresponding lock.  -**-** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or-** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED-** and EXCLUSIVE.-*/-#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1-#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2-#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4-#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8--/*-** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index-**-** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values-** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.-** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a-** lock outside of this range-*/-#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8---/*-** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library-**-** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the-** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine-** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().-** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and-** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using-** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.-**-** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is-** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of-** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked-** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call-** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls-** are harmless no-ops.)^-**-** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first-** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only-** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.-** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^-**-** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()-** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a-** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all-** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking-** sqlite3_shutdown().-**-** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke-** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()-** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().-**-** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.-** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize-** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such-** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].-**-** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other-** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to-** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]-** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically-** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized-** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]-** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()-** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly-** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,-** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()-** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases-** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited-** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the-** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.-**-** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific-** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()-** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks-** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation-** of static resources, initialization of global variables,-** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up-** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].-**-** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()-** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke-** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()-** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and-** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate-** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()-** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.-** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]-** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time-** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for-** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied-** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()-** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon-** failure.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_shutdown(void);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library-**-** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration-** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of-** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most-** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is-** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.-**-** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application-** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other-** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>-**-** The sqlite3_config() interface-** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using-** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].-** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before-** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.-** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the-** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].-**-** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer-** [configuration option] that determines-** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments-** vary depending on the [configuration option]-** in the first argument.-**-** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].-** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option-** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int, ...);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration-** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to-** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single-** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).-**-** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the-** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code -** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.-** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.-**-** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if-** the call is considered successful.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines-**-** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite-** and low-level memory allocation routines.-**-** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.-** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to-** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].  -** By creating an instance of this object-** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])-** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative-** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its-** dynamic memory needs.-**-** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]-** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications-** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications-** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is-** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative-** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in-** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such-** conditions.-**-** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the-** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.-** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to-** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.-**-** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation-** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size-** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.-**-** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of-** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory-** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple-** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.-** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]-** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0, -** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.-**-** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,-** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data-** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by-** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired-** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to-** xInit and xShutdown.-**-** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes-** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The-** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does-** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite-** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which-** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.-** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other-** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for-** serialization.-**-** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening-** call to xShutdown().-*/-typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;-struct sqlite3_mem_methods {-  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */-  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */-  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */-  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */-  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */-  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */-  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */-  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */-};--/*-** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options-** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}-**-** These constants are the available integer configuration options that-** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.-**-** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.-** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications-** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that-** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a-** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option-** is invoked.-**-** <dl>-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>-** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the-** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables-** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used-** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then-** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default-** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return -** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD-** configuration option.</dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>-** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the-** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables-** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.-** The application is responsible for serializing access to-** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes-** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded-** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same-** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then-** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and-** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the-** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>-** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the-** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables-** all mutexes including the recursive-** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.-** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with-** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access-** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the-** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the-** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.-** ^If SQLite is compiled with-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then-** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and-** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the-** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>-** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is -** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.-** The argument specifies-** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of-** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes-** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure-** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>-** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which-** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.-** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]-** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^-** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation-** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or-** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>-** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,-** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of-** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are-** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:-**   <ul>-**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]-**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]-**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]-**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]-**   </ul>)^-** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is-** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory-** allocation statistics are disabled by default.-** </dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>-** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option specifies a static memory buffer-** that SQLite can use for scratch memory.  ^(There are three arguments-** to SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH:  A pointer an 8-byte-** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be-** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),-** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).)^-** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer-** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.-** ^SQLite will not use more than one scratch buffers per thread.-** ^SQLite will never request a scratch buffer that is more than 6-** times the database page size.-** ^If SQLite needs needs additional-** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then -** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.<p>-** ^When the application provides any amount of scratch memory using-** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary large-** [sqlite3_malloc|heap allocations].-** This can help [Robson proof|prevent memory allocation failures] due to heap-** fragmentation in low-memory embedded systems.-** </dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>-** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool-** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page-** cache implementation.  -** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-define page-** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].-** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to-** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),-** and the number of cache lines (N).-** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page-** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each-** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header-** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].-** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,-** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem-** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte-** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise-** subsequent behavior is undefined.-** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided-** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if-** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer-** is exhausted.-** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection-** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory-** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or-** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional-** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial-** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each-** additional cache line. </dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>-** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer -** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs-** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].-** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled-** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns-** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.-** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:-** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,-** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.-** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts-** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),-** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the-** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory-** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.-** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte-** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.-** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values-** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>-** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a-** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.-** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used-** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of-** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to-** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then-** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to-** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will-** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>-** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which-** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The-** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]-** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^-** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation-** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance-** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with-** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then-** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to-** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will-** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>-** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine-** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].-** The first argument is the-** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of-** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE-** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]-** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside-** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>-** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is -** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies-** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^-** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>-** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which-** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of-** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>-** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite-** global [error log].-** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a-** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*), -** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is-** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the-** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.-** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is-** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger-** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to-** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding-** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an-** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is-** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].-** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function-** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.-** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger-** function must be threadsafe. </dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI-** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.-** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,-** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally-** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],-** [sqlite3_open16()] or-** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless-** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database-** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are-** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the-** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally-** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the-** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN-** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer-** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable-** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.-** ^The default setting is determined-** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"-** if that compile-time option is omitted.-** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans-** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction-** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to-** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work-** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE-** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.-** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.-** </dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG-** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should-** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).-** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library-** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the-** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection-** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument-** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the-** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter-** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then-** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The-** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this-** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in-** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE-** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values-** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for-** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.-** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using-** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the-** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size-** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the-** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the-** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^-** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is-** changed to its compile-time default.-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE-** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is-** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro-** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value-** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ-** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which-** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra-** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].-** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,-** target platform, and SQLite version.-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ-** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which-** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded-** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the-** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched-** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting-** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content-** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the-** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.-**-** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]-** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL-** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which-** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.  -** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)-** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.-** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held-** exclusively in memory.-** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill-** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of-** I/O required to support statement rollback.-** The default value for this setting is controlled by the-** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.-** </dl>-*/-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */-/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */ -#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */--/*-** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options-**-** These constants are the available integer configuration options that-** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.-**-** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.-** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications-** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that-** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a-** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option-** is invoked.-**-** <dl>-** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>-** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the -** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].-** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a-** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.-** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb-** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the-** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the-** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of-** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than-** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer-** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to-** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally-** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory-** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that-** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words-** when the "current value" returned by-** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.-** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside-** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns -** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>-**-** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>-** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of-** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.-** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,-** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement-** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which-** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on-** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in-** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>-**-** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>-** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].-** There should be two additional arguments.-** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,-** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.-** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which-** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled-** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in-** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>-**-** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>-** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the two-argument-** version of the [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the-** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.-** There should be two additional arguments.-** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or-** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting-** unchanged.-** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which-** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled-** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in-** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>-**-** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>-** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]-** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.-** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the-** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].-** There should be two additional arguments.-** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is-** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to-** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.-** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the-** C-API or the SQL function.-** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which-** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface-** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may-** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.-** </dd>-**-** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>-** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database-** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string-** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite-** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application-** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged-** until after the database connection closes.-** </dd>-**-** </dl>-*/-#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */-#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */-#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */-#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */-#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */-#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */---/*-** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the-** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result-** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)-** has a unique 64-bit signed-** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available-** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those-** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If-** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column-** is another alias for the rowid.-**-** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface returns the [rowid] of the -** most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]-** on database connection D.-** ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not recorded.-** ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables-** have ever occurred on the database connection D, -** then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns zero.-**-** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]-** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted-** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.-** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned -** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual-** table method began.)^-**-** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a-** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this-** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,-** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this-** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE-** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The-** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused-** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change-** the return value of this interface.)^-**-** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to-** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.-**-** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the-** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].-**-** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same-** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]-** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],-** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is-** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new-** last insert [rowid].-*/-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or-** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE-** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.-** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value-** returned by this function.-**-** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are-** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers], -** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.-** -** Changes to a view that are intercepted by -** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value -** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or -** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real -** tables are counted.-**-** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is-** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the-** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback-** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:-** -** <ul>-**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by-**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program -**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^-** -**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE -**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes() -**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include -**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes() -**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^-** </ul>-** -** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used-** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it -** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.-** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger -** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the -** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.-**-** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the-** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].-**-** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection-** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned-** is unpredictable and not meaningful.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or-** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed-** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as-** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement-** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().-** -** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the-** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are-** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers -** are not counted.-** -** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the-** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].-**-** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection-** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value-** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and-** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically-** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"-** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt-** immediately.-**-** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the-** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it-** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that-** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.-**-** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when-** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity-** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.-**-** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].-** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE-** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction-** will be rolled back automatically.-**-** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running-** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements-** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the -** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been-** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements-** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are-** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().-** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running-** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements-** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.-**-** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]-** is running then bad things will likely happen.-*/-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete-**-** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the-** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or-** if additional input is needed before sending the text into-** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string-** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be-** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a-** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within-** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not-** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are-** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace-** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.-**-** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a-** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.-**-** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus-** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.-**-** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior -** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked-** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,-** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero-** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^-**-** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated-** UTF-8 string.-**-** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated-** UTF-16 string in native byte order.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors-** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X-** that might be invoked with argument P whenever-** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with-** [database connection] D when another thread-** or process has the table locked.-** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement-** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].-**-** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]-** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback-** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.-**-** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which-** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to-** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has-** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the-** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to-** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned-** to the application.-** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt-** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.-**-** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked-** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy-** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]-** to the application instead of invoking the -** busy handler.-** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that-** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and-** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying-** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed-** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot-** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes-** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,-** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this-** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow-** the second process to proceed.-**-** ^The default busy callback is NULL.-**-** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each-** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any-** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]-** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the-** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.-**-** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the-** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,-** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions-** result in undefined behavior.-** -** A busy handler must not close the database connection-** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps-** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler-** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping-** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,-** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return-** [SQLITE_BUSY].-**-** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero-** turns off all busy handlers.-**-** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular-** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler-** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling-** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^-**-** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.-** Use of this interface is not recommended.-**-** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the-** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the-** complete query results from one or more queries.-**-** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But-** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These-** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows-** and M be the number of columns.-**-** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.-** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point-** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.-** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result-** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated-** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].-**-** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.-** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].-** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].-**-** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result-** is as follows:-**-** <blockquote><pre>-**        Name        | Age-**        ------------------------**        Alice       | 43-**        Bob         | 28-**        Cindy       | 21-** </pre></blockquote>-**-** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the-** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored-** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:-**-** <blockquote><pre>-**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";-**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";-**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";-**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";-**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";-**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";-**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";-**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";-** </pre></blockquote>)^-**-** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more-** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8-** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the-** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.-**-** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),-** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to-** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the-** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling-** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only-** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.-**-** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around-** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access-** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public-** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the-** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not-** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or-** [sqlite3_errmsg()].-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_table(-  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */-  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */-  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */-  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */-  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */-  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */-);-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions-**-** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions-** from the standard C library.-** These routines understand most of the common K&R formatting options,-** plus some additional non-standard formats, detailed below.-** Note that some of the more obscure formatting options from recent-** C-library standards are omitted from this implementation.-**-** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their-** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].-** The strings returned by these two routines should be-** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a-** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough-** memory to hold the resulting string.-**-** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from-** the standard C library.  The result is written into the-** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by-** the first parameter. Note that the order of the-** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an-** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking-** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()-** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of-** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that-** the number of characters written would be a more useful return-** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()-** now without breaking compatibility.-**-** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()-** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first-** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for-** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely-** written will be n-1 characters.-**-** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().-**-** These routines all implement some additional formatting-** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.-** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there-** is are "%q", "%Q", "%w" and "%z" options.-**-** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated-** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.-** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''-** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into-** the string.-**-** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:-**-** <blockquote><pre>-**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";-** </pre></blockquote>-**-** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:-**-** <blockquote><pre>-**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);-**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);-**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);-** </pre></blockquote>-**-** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText-** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:-**-** <blockquote><pre>-**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')-** </pre></blockquote>-**-** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL-** would have looked like this:-**-** <blockquote><pre>-**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');-** </pre></blockquote>-**-** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should-** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.-**-** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around-** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the-** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without-** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:-**-** <blockquote><pre>-**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);-**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);-**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);-** </pre></blockquote>-**-** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL-** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.-**-** ^(The "%w" formatting option is like "%q" except that it expects to-** be contained within double-quotes instead of single quotes, and it-** escapes the double-quote character instead of the single-quote-** character.)^  The "%w" formatting option is intended for safely inserting-** table and column names into a constructed SQL statement.-**-** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the-** addition that after the string has been read and copied into-** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^-*/-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem-**-** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own-** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence-** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The-** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.-**-** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block-** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.-** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free-** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to-** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns-** a NULL pointer.-**-** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like-** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead-** of a signed 32-bit integer.-**-** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned-** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so-** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is-** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer-** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory-** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed-** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.-** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error-** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that-** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().-**-** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a-** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.-** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)-** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling-** sqlite3_malloc(N).-** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or-** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling-** sqlite3_free(X).-** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation-** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.-** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes-** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned-** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.-** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the-** prior allocation is not freed.-**-** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as-** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead-** of a 32-bit signed integer.-**-** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),-** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then-** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.-** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number-** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then-** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not-** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly-** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior-** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.-**-** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),-** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()-** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a-** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time-** option is used.-**-** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define-** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in-** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability-** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.-**-** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called-** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting-** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite-** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows-** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but-** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or-** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].-**-** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]-** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior-** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have-** not yet been released.-**-** The application must not read or write any part of-** a block of memory after it has been released using-** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].-*/-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int);-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void*);-SQLITE_API sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics-**-** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status-** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]-** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.-**-** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes-** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).-** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum-** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark-** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and-** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead-** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],-** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library-** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.-**-** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of-** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to-** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned-** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark-** prior to the reset.-*/-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator-**-** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to-** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that-** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for-** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows-** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.-**-** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.-** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.-**-** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous-** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is-** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of-** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.-** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a-** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated-** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness-** method.-*/-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular-** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.-** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled-** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],-** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various-** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created-** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to-** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should-** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the-** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be-** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be-** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns-** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]-** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered-** the authorizer will fail with an error message.-**-** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation-** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the-** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that-** access is denied. -**-** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third-** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter-** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies-** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters-** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional-** details about the action to be authorized.-**-** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]-** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the-** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute-** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have-** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]-** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual-** columns of a table.-** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns-** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the-** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.-**-** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]-** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements-** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not-** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For-** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary-** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does-** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the-** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the-** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that-** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.-**-** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources-** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]-** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]-** in addition to using an authorizer.-**-** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection-** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the-** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.-** The authorizer is disabled by default.-**-** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify-** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.-** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their-** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.-**-** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the-** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a -** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the-** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].-**-** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during-** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not-** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless-** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes-** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(-  sqlite3*,-  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),-  void *pUserData-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes-**-** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must-** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order-** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the-** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional-** information.-**-** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]-** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.-*/-#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */-#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */--/*-** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes-**-** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function-** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The-** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies-** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that-** the authorizer callback may be passed.-**-** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be-** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization-** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these-** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the-** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",-** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback-** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for-** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from-** top-level SQL code.-*/-/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/-#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */-#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */-#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */-#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */-#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */-#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */-#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */-#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */-#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */-#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */-#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */-#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */-#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */-#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */-#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */-#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */-#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */-#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */-#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */-#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */-#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */-#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */-#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */-#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */-#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */-#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */-#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */-#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */-#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */--/*-** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface-** instead of the routines described here.-**-** These routines register callback functions that can be used for-** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.-**-** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at-** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].-** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the-** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.-** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur-** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers-** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^-**-** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit-** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().-**-** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked-** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains-** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time-** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback-** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation-** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant-** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite-** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The-** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is-** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.-*/-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,-   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,-   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes-** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE-**-** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored-** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The third argument-** to [sqlite3_trace_v2()] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of-** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback-** is one of the following constants.-**-** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.-**-** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).-** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.-** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the-** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].-** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.-**-** <dl>-** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>-** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement-** first begins running and possibly at other times during the-** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each-** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the-** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which-** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment -** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute-** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]-** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking-** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.-**-** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>-** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same-** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.-** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the-** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of-** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.-** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.-**-** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>-** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared-** statement generates a single row of result.  -** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the-** X argument is unused.-**-** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>-** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database-** connection closes.-** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object-** and the X argument is unused.-** </dl>-*/-#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01-#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02-#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04-#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08--/*-** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback-** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M-** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is-** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The-** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of-** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.-**-** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides -** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().-**-** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by -** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently-** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback-** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.-**-** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).-** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]-** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.-** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.-** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.-**-** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy-** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which-** are deprecated.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_trace_v2(-  sqlite3*,-  unsigned uMask,-  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),-  void *pCtx-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback-** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to-** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for-** database connection D.  An example use for this-** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.-**-** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the -** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of -** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive-** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress-** handler is disabled.-**-** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per-** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the-** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.-** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less-** than 1.-**-** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is-** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a-** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.-**-** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify-** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.-** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their-** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.-**-*/-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection-** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3-**-** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the -** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for-** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte-** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually-** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that-** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,-** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]-** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then-** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The-** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain-** an English language description of the error following a failure of any-** of the sqlite3_open() routines.-**-** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using-** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases-** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.-**-** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources-** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by-** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.-**-** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()-** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control-** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to-** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of-** the following three values, optionally combined with the -** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],-** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^-**-** <dl>-** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>-** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not-** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^-**-** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>-** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading-** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either-** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^-**-** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>-** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if-** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for-** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^-** </dl>-**-** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the-** combinations shown above optionally combined with other-** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]-** then the behavior is undefined.-**-** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection-** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread-** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the-** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens-** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was-** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.-** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be-** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared-** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The-** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not-** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.-**-** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the-** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that-** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is-** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.-**-** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database-** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when-** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might-** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.-** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with-** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as-** "./" to avoid ambiguity.-**-** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary-** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be-** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.-**-** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>-**-** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument-** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI-** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is-** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has-** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the-** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.-** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off-** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename-** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional-** information.-**-** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an-** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string -** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an -** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if -** present, is ignored.-**-** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file-** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character, -** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin -** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)-** then the path is interpreted as a relative path. -** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path -** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^-**-** [[core URI query parameters]]-** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted-** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].-** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the-** following query parameters:-**-** <ul>-**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of-**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should-**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to-**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown-**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is-**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over-**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().-**-**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",-**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is-**     an error)^. -**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only -**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the -**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to -**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create) -**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had -**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both -**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is-**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads-**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for-**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by-**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().-**-**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or-**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the-**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to-**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is -**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.-**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in-**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting-**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.-**-**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the-**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the-**     storage media on which the database file resides.-**-**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter-**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This-**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not-**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two-**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those-**     processes uses nolock=1.-**-**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query-**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on-**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the-**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher-**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking-**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable-**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result-**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.-**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].-**       -** </ul>-**-** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an-** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query-** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for-** additional information.-**-** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>-**-** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>-** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results-** <tr><td> file:data.db <td> -**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.-** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>-**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br> -**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td> -**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".-** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td> -**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.-** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap"> -**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db-**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive-**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly -**          necessary - space characters can be used literally-**          in URI filenames.-** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td> -**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.-**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by-**          default, use a private cache.-** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>-**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"-**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.-** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td> -**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.-** </table>-**-** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and-** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a-** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits -** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a-** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all -** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the-** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,-** the results are undefined.-**-** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument-** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever-** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international-** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into-** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().-**-** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set-** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various-** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.-**-** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open(-  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */-  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */-);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open16(-  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */-  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */-);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(-  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */-  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */-  int flags,              /* Flags */-  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters-**-** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check-** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query -** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.-**-** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of -** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or -** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and-** P is the name of the query parameter, then-** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P-** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a -** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F-** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns-** a pointer to an empty string.-**-** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean-** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value-** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the-** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any-** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The -** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of-** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or-** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query-** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the-** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).-**-** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a-** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not-** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then-** zero is returned.-** -** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and-** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and-** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen-** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably-** undesirable.-*/-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);---/*-** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with -** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface-** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that-** API call.-** If the most recent API call was successful,-** then the return value from sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.-** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()-** interface is the same except that it always returns the -** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are-** disabled.-**-** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language-** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.-** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.-** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.-** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by-** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^-**-** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text-** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.-** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally-** and must not be freed by the application)^.-**-** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the-** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between-** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.-** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these-** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid-** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D-** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning-** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after-** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.-**-** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface-** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the-** error code and message may or may not be set.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object-** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}-**-** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that-** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.-**-** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The-** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object -** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a-** prepared statement before it can be run.-**-** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:-**-** <ol>-** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].-** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()-**      interfaces.-** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.-** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back-**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.-** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].-** </ol>-*/-typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;--/*-** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited-** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the-** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The-** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a-** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the-** new limit for that construct.)^-**-** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.-** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a -** [limits | hard upper bound]-** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called-** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].-** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^-** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are-** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.-**-** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the -** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.-** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,-** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.-**-** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage-** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled-** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a-** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and-** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded-** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the-** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can-** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service-** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]-** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database-** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the-** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].-**-** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories-** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}-**-** These constants define various performance limits-** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].-** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.-** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].-**-** <dl>-** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>-** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^-**-** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>-** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^-**-** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>-** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the-** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index-** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^-**-** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>-** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^-**-** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>-** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^-**-** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>-** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program-** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently-** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of-** SQLite.</dd>)^-**-** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>-** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^-**-** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>-** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>-** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or-** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^-**-** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>-** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^-**-** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>-** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^-**-** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>-** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single-** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^-** </dl>-*/-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10-#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11--/*-** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement-** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}-** METHOD: sqlite3-** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt-**-** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code-** program using one of these routines.-**-** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a-** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or-** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.-**-** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded-** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()-** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()-** use UTF-16.-**-** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the-** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the-** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared-** statement is generated.-** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then-** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that-** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>-** the nul-terminator.-**-** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte-** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only-** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to-** what remains uncompiled.-**-** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be-** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set-** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty-** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.-** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled-** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.-** ppStmt may not be NULL.-**-** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];-** otherwise an [error code] is returned.-**-** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are-** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained-** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.-** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement-** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the-** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to-** behave differently in three ways:-**-** <ol>-** <li>-** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it-** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL-** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]-** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.-** </li>-**-** <li>-** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed-** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that-** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code-** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]-** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare-** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.-** </li>-**-** <li>-** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the -** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,-** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been -** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change-** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter]. -** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the -** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]-** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column-** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.-** </li>-** </ol>-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */-  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */-  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */-  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */-);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v2(-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */-  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */-  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */-  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */-);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */-  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */-  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */-  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */-);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(-  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */-  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */-  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */-  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */-  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL-** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt-**-** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8-** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was-** created by either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].-** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8-** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with-** [bound parameters] expanded.-**-** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL-** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345-** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return-** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()-** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^-**-** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory-** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the-** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].-**-** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of-** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time-** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.-**-** ^The string returned by sqlite3_sql(P) is managed by SQLite and is-** automatically freed when the prepared statement is finalized.-** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,-** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application-** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].-*/-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);-SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database-** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt-**-** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if-** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to-** the content of the database file.-**-** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or-** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.  -** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that -** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would-** change the database file through side-effects:-**-** <blockquote><pre>-**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;-** </pre></blockquote>-**-** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file-** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^-**-** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],-** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,-** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but-** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the -** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause-** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements-** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make -** changes to the content of the database files on disk.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset-** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt-**-** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the-** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using -** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned-** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor-** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)-** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a -** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]-** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.-**-** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]-** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database -** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,-** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared -** statements that are holding a transaction open.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object-** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}-**-** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values-** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing-** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects-** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.-**-** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".-** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces-** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.-** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies-** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The-** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new -** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.-**-** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not-** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected-** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected-** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded-** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)-** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes -** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]-** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected-** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,-** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications-** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected-** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.-**-** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the-** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.-** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by-** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.-** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with-** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].-** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of-** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.-*/-typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;--/*-** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object-**-** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an-** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object-** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].-** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this-** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],-** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],-** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],-** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].-*/-typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;--/*-** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements-** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}-** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}-** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt-**-** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,-** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following-** templates:-**-** <ul>-** <li>  ?-** <li>  ?NNN-** <li>  :VVV-** <li>  @VVV-** <li>  $VVV-** </ul>-**-** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,-** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these-** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")-** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.-**-** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always-** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.-**-** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.-** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named-** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent-** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.-** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index-** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.-** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]-** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).-**-** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.-** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()-** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter-** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().-**-** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the-** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the-** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^-** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()-** is negative, then the length of the string is-** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.-** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then-** the behavior is undefined.-** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()-** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then-** that parameter must be the byte offset-** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL-** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than -** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will-** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings-** with embedded NULs is undefined.-**-** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces-** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or-** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called-** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.-** ^If the fifth argument is-** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the-** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.-** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then-** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before-** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.-**-** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of-** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]-** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If-** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the-** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different-** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior-** is undefined.-**-** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that-** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory-** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.-** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose-** content is later written using-** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.-** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.-**-** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer-** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which-** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],-** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()-** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the-** result is undefined and probably harmful.-**-** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.-** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.-**-** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an-** [error code] if anything goes wrong.-** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB-** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or-** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].-** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter-** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.-**-** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,-                        void(*)(void*));-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,-                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters-** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt-**-** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]-** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the-** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as-** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]-** to the parameters at a later time.-**-** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)-** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the-** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,-** there may be gaps in the list.)^-**-** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter-** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt-**-** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns-** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.-** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"-** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"-** respectively.-** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"-** is included as part of the name.)^-** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name-** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".-**-** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.-**-** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is-** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is-** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was-** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or-** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].-**-** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].-*/-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name-** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt-**-** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The-** index value returned is suitable for use as the second-** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero-** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter-** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement-** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].-**-** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement-** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt-**-** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset-** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].-** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set-** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt-**-** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the-** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL-** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).-**-** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set-** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt-**-** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column-** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()-** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string-** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated-** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]-** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the-** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.-**-** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]-** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically-** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run-** or until the next call to-** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.-**-** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine-** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a-** NULL pointer is returned.-**-** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for-** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause-** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from-** one release of SQLite to the next.-*/-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result-** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt-**-** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and-** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in-** [SELECT] statement.-** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as-** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return-** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and-** the origin_ routines return the column name.-** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed-** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically-** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run-** or until the same information is requested-** again in a different encoding.-**-** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the-** database, table, and column.-**-** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].-** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by-** the statement, where N is the second function argument.-** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.-**-** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or-** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return-** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error-** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,-** or column that query result column was extracted from.-**-** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return-** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.-**-** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.-**-** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same-** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are-** undefined.-**-** If two or more threads call one or more-** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]-** for the same [prepared statement] and result column-** at the same time then the results are undefined.-*/-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result-** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt-**-** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].-** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the-** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an-** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table-** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an-** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.-** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.-**-** ^(For example, given the database schema:-**-** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);-**-** and the following statement to be compiled:-**-** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;-**-** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result-** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^-**-** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column-** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the-** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is-** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type-** is associated with individual values, not with the containers-** used to hold those values.-*/-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement-** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt-**-** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy-** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function-** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.-**-** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend-** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy-** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the-** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy-** interface will continue to be supported.-**-** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],-** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].-** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or-** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.-**-** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the-** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]-** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the-** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an-** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before-** continuing.-**-** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing-** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual-** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual-** machine back to its initial state.-**-** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]-** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the-** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].-** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.-**-** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint-** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on-** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].-** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,-** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)-** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the-** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,-** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().-**-** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.-** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has-** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had-** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could-** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or-** more threads at the same moment in time.-**-** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to-** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything-** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of-** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using -** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from-** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],-** sqlite3_step() began-** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather-** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility-** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error-** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option-** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.-**-** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()-** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any-** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call-** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the-** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.-** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed-** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements-** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead-** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,-** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly-** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set-** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt-**-** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the-** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.-** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return-** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of-** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.-** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.-** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to-** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)-** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned-** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]-** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step-** pragma returns 0 columns of data.-**-** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes-** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT-**-** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:-**-** <ul>-** <li> 64-bit signed integer-** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number-** <li> string-** <li> BLOB-** <li> NULL-** </ul>)^-**-** These constants are codes for each of those types.-**-** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2-** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both-** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not-** SQLITE_TEXT.-*/-#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1-#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2-#define SQLITE_BLOB     4-#define SQLITE_NULL     5-#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT-# undef SQLITE_TEXT-#else-# define SQLITE_TEXT     3-#endif-#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3--/*-** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query-** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}-** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt-**-** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current-** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer-** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]-** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)-** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information-** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.-** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using-** [sqlite3_column_count()].-**-** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the-** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.-** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to-** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither-** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.-** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or-** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned-** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.-** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]-** are called from a different thread while any of these routines-** are pending, then the results are undefined.-**-** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the-** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type-** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],-** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value-** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type-** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,-** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future-** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()-** following a type conversion.-**-** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()-** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.-** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts-** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.-** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses-** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns-** the number of bytes in that string.-** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.-**-** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()-** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.-** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts-** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.-** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses-** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns-** the number of bytes in that string.-** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.-**-** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and -** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end-** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by-** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of-** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.-**-** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),-** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return-** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.-**-** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an-** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,-** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with-** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].-** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by-** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls-** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],-** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.-**-** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For-** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result-** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the-** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions-** that are applied:-**-** <blockquote>-** <table border="1">-** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion-**-** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0-** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0-** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer-** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer-** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float-** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer-** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT-** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER-** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float-** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB-** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER-** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL-** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change-** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER-** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL-** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed-** </table>-** </blockquote>)^-**-** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior-** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or-** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.-** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur-** in the following cases:-**-** <ul>-** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or-**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might-**      need to be added to the string.</li>-** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or-**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted-**      to UTF-16.</li>-** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or-**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted-**      to UTF-8.</li>-** </ul>-**-** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do-** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer-** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds-** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they-** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.-**-** The safest policy is to invoke these routines-** in one of the following ways:-**-** <ul>-**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>-**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>-**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>-** </ul>-**-** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),-** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result-** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or-** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls-** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to-** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()-** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().-**-** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as-** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or-** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings-** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <em>not</em> pass the pointers returned-** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into-** [sqlite3_free()].-**-** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any-** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value-** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL-** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return-** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^-*/-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);-SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);-SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);-SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object-** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt-**-** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].-** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors-** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns-** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then-** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or-** [extended error code].-**-** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during-** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:-** before statement S is ever evaluated, after-** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call-** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has-** completed execution.-**-** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.-**-** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid-** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use-** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared-** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and-** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object-** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt-**-** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]-** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.-** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using-** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.-** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.-**-** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S-** back to the beginning of its program.-**-** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the-** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],-** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,-** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].-**-** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the-** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then-** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].-**-** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values-** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions-** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}-** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}-** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")-** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior-** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between-** these routines are the text encoding expected for-** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)-** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for-** the application data pointer.-**-** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL-** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database-** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added-** to each database connection separately.-**-** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or-** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8-** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name-** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.  -** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name-** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.-**-** ^The third parameter (nArg)-** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or-** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or-** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit-** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third-** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is-** undefined.-**-** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what-** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for-** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to-** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes -** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the-** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or-** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]-** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using-** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for-** each encoding.-** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite-** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.-**-** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]-** to signal that the function will always return the same result given-** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are-** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a-** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to-** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use-** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.-**-** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the-** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^-**-** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are-** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or-** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc-** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal-** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep-** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing-** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function-** callbacks.-**-** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,-** then it is destructor for the application data pointer. -** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being-** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^-** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to-** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.-** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it-** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data -** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().-**-** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same-** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of-** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use-** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the-** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative-** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with-** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding-** matches the database encoding is a better-** match than a function where the encoding is different.  -** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be-** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is-** between UTF8 and UTF16.-**-** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.-**-** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other-** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not-** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared-** statement in which the function is running.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function(-  sqlite3 *db,-  const char *zFunctionName,-  int nArg,-  int eTextRep,-  void *pApp,-  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),-  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),-  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)-);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function16(-  sqlite3 *db,-  const void *zFunctionName,-  int nArg,-  int eTextRep,-  void *pApp,-  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),-  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),-  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)-);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function_v2(-  sqlite3 *db,-  const char *zFunctionName,-  int nArg,-  int eTextRep,-  void *pApp,-  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),-  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),-  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),-  void(*xDestroy)(void*)-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings-**-** These constant define integer codes that represent the various-** text encodings supported by SQLite.-*/-#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */-#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */-#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */-#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */-#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */-#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */--/*-** CAPI3REF: Function Flags-**-** These constants may be ORed together with the -** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument-** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or-** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].-*/-#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800--/*-** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions-** DEPRECATED-**-** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain-** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue -** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid-** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid-** these functions, we will not explain what they do.-*/-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),-                      void*,sqlite3_int64);-#endif--/*-** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values-** METHOD: sqlite3_value-**-** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses-** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on-** the function or aggregate.  -**-** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters-** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]-** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.-** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to-** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for-** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to-** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.-**-** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.-** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]-** object results in undefined behavior.-**-** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]-** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object-** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.-**-** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string-** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The-** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces-** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.-**-** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply-** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is-** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If-** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other-** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)-** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.-** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^-**-** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned-** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or-** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to-** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],-** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].-**-** These routines must be called from the same thread as-** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.-*/-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);-SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);-SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);-SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values-** METHOD: sqlite3_value-**-** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for-** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype-** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from-** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]-** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.-**-** SQLite makes no use of subtype itself.  It merely passes the subtype-** from the result of one [application-defined SQL function] into the-** input of another.-*/-SQLITE_API unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values-** METHOD: sqlite3_value-**-** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]-** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned-** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.-** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a-** memory allocation fails.-**-** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object-** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer-** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.-*/-SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context-** METHOD: sqlite3_context-**-** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this-** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.-**-** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called -** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite-** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer-** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to-** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,-** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally-** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one-** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match-** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function-** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.-** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the-** first time from within xFinal().)^-**-** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer -** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory-** allocate error occurs.-**-** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is-** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the-** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within-** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory-** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set-** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no -** pointless memory allocations occur.-**-** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by -** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.-**-** The first parameter must be a copy of the-** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter-** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate-** function.-**-** This routine must be called from the same thread in which-** the aggregate SQL function is running.-*/-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);--/*-** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions-** METHOD: sqlite3_context-**-** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of-** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)-** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]-** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally-** registered the application defined function.-**-** This routine must be called from the same thread in which-** the application-defined function is running.-*/-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions-** METHOD: sqlite3_context-**-** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of-** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)-** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]-** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally-** registered the application defined function.-*/-SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data-** METHOD: sqlite3_context-**-** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to-** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to-** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under-** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example-** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching-** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as-** metadata associated with the pattern string.  -** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,-** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple-** invocations of the same function.-**-** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata-** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument-** value to the application-defined function. ^If there is no metadata-** associated with the function argument, this sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface-** returns a NULL pointer.-**-** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th-** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent-** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent-** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or-** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.-** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,-** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly-** once, when the metadata is discarded.-** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>-** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or-** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the-**      SQL statement)^, or-** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same-**       parameter)^, or-** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory -**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>-**-** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in -** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the-** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()-** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the-** function implementation should not make any use of P after-** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.-**-** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for-** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal-** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^-**-** These routines must be called from the same thread in which-** the SQL function is running.-*/-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));---/*-** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior-**-** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the-** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor-** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant-** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The-** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in-** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of-** the content before returning.-**-** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain-** C++ compilers.-*/-typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);-#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)-#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)--/*-** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function-** METHOD: sqlite3_context-**-** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that-** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See-** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]-** for additional information.-**-** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of-** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.-** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.-**-** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from-** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed-** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the-** third parameter.-**-** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)-** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be-** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.-**-** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from-** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified-** by its 2nd argument.-**-** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions-** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.-** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the-** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()-** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error-** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite-** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native-** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()-** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error-** message all text up through the first zero character.-** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or-** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many-** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.-** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()-** routines make a private copy of the error message text before-** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or-** modify the text after they return without harm.-** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code-** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,-** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()-** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.-**-** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an-** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.-**-** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an-** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.-**-** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value-** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer-** value given in the 2nd argument.-** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value-** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer-** value given in the 2nd argument.-**-** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value-** of the application-defined function to be NULL.-**-** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),-** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces-** set the return value of the application-defined function to be-** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,-** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.-** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an-** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding-** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one-** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].-** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from-** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.-** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces-** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter-** through the first zero character.-** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces-** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text-** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined-** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it-** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would-** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur-** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd-** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the-** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.-** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces-** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that-** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has-** finished using that result.-** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to-** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite-** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not-** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content-** when it has finished using that result.-** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces-** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT-** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from-** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.-**-** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of-** the application-defined function to be a copy of the-** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The-** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]-** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or-** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.-** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an-** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either-** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.-**-** If these routines are called from within the different thread-** than the one containing the application-defined function that received-** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.-*/-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,-                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,-                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);---/*-** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function-** METHOD: sqlite3_context-**-** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of-** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with -** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits -** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;-** higher order bits are discarded.-** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase-** in future releases of SQLite.-*/-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated-** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.-**-** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string-** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()-** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().-** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are-** considered to be the same name.-**-** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:-** <ul>-** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],-** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],-** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],-** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or-** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].-** </ul>)^-** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed-** to the collating function callback, xCallback.-** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep-** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.-** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin-** on an even byte address.-**-** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed-** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.-**-** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.-** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but-** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever-** function requires the least amount of data transformation.-** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is-** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,-** that collation is no longer usable.-**-** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg -** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified-** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an-** integer that is negative, zero, or positive-** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,-** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer-** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered-** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all-** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.-** The collating function must obey the following properties for all-** strings A, B, and C:-**-** <ol>-** <li> If A==B then B==A.-** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.-** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.-** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.-** </ol>-**-** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that-** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite-** is undefined.-**-** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()-** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when-** the collating function is deleted.-** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later-** calls to the collation creation functions or when the-** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].-**-** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the -** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke-** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should -** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer-** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.-** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency -** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards -** compatibility.-**-** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation(-  sqlite3*, -  const char *zName, -  int eTextRep, -  void *pArg,-  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)-);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(-  sqlite3*, -  const char *zName, -  int eTextRep, -  void *pArg,-  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),-  void(*xDestroy)(void*)-);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(-  sqlite3*, -  const void *zName,-  int eTextRep, -  void *pArg,-  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database-** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the-** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation-** sequence is required.-**-** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,-** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings-** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,-** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.-** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.-**-** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy-** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or-** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database-** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],-** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation-** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the-** required collation sequence.)^-**-** The callback function should register the desired collation using-** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or-** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(-  sqlite3*, -  void*, -  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)-);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed16(-  sqlite3*, -  void*,-  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)-);--#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC-/*-** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be-** called right after sqlite3_open().-**-** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release-** of SQLite.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key(-  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */-  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */-);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key_v2(-  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */-  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */-  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */-);--/*-** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not-** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the-** database is decrypted.-**-** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release-** of SQLite.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey(-  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */-  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */-);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey_v2(-  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */-  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */-  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */-);--/*-** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless -** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.-*/-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_see(-  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */-);-#endif--#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD-/*-** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless -** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.-*/-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_cerod(-  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */-);-#endif--/*-** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time-**-** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution-** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.-**-** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with-** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to-** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually-** requested from the operating system is returned.-**-** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()-** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method-** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at-** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description-** in the previous paragraphs.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files-**-** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is-** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files-** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]-** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable-** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate-** temporary file directory.-**-** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.-** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).-** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications-** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic-** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should-** be avoided in new projects.-**-** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one-** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable-** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate-** thread.-** It is intended that this variable be set once-** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface-** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged-** thereafter.-**-** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause-** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,-** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string-** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from -** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory-** using [sqlite3_free].-** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be-** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]-** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.-** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite-** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If-** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do-** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]-** objects have been destroyed.-**-** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set-** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various-** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an-** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:-**-** <blockquote><pre>-** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->-** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();-** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;-** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));-** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),-** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);-** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);-** </pre></blockquote>-*/-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;--/*-** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files-**-** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is-** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files-** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by-** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed-** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL-** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified-** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory-** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global-** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.-**-** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is-** open can result in a corrupt database.-**-** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one-** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable-** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate-** thread.-** It is intended that this variable be set once-** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface-** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged-** thereafter.-**-** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause-** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,-** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string-** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from -** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory-** using [sqlite3_free].-** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be-** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]-** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.-*/-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;--/*-** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode-** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or-** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,-** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.-** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.-** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].-**-** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement-** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],-** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the-** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to-** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after-** an error is to use this function.-**-** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database-** connection while this routine is running, then the return value-** is undefined.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement-** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt-**-** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle-** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]-** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]-** that was the first argument-** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to-** create the statement in the first place.-*/-SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename-** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file-** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database-** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then-** a NULL pointer is returned.-**-** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the-** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename-** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used-** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.-*/-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N-** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not-** the name of a database on connection D.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after-** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL-** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement-** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement-** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.-**-** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to-** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database-** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.-*/-SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback-** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].-** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()-** for the same database connection is overridden.-** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback-** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].-** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()-** for the same database connection is overridden.-** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.-** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,-** then the commit is converted into a rollback.-**-** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions-** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function-** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for-** the first call for each function on D.-**-** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.-** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify-** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions-** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the-** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit-** or rollback hook in the first place.-** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,-** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify-** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.-**-** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.-**-** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]-** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook-** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].-** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit-** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.-**-** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been-** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or-** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.-** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is-** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.-**-** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.-*/-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function-** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument-** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in-** a [rowid table].-** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function-** for the same database connection is overridden.-**-** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a-** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.-** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument-** to sqlite3_update_hook().-** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],-** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback-** to be invoked.-** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the-** database and table name containing the affected row.-** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.-** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.-**-** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are-** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^-** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.-**-** ^In the current implementation, the update hook-** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an-** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook-** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].-** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future-** release of SQLite.-**-** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify-** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions-** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the-** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.-** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their-** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.-**-** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function-** returns the P argument from the previous call-** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for-** the first call on D.-**-** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],-** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.-*/-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_update_hook(-  sqlite3*, -  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),-  void*-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache-**-** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache-** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]-** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true-** and disabled if the argument is false.)^-**-** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.-** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]). -** In prior versions of SQLite,-** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.-**-** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent-** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].-** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode-** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^-**-** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled-** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^-**-** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in-** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared-** cache setting should set it explicitly.-**-** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0-** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems, -** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via -** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].-**-** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a-** 32-bit integer is atomic.-**-** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory-**-** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes-** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations-** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database-** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.-** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,-** which might be more or less than the amount requested.-** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero-** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].-**-** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_release_memory(int);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap-** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the-** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even-** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is-** omitted.-**-** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size-**-** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the-** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.-** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap-** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache-** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.-** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay-** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate-** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit -** is advisory only.-**-** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of-** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an-** error.  ^If the argument N is negative-** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current-** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking-** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.-**-** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.-**-** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation-** if one or more of following conditions are true:-**-** <ul>-** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.-** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the-**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and-**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.-** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using-**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).-** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied-**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than-**      from the heap.-** </ul>)^-**-** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.7.3] ([dateof:3.7.3]), -** the soft heap limit is enforced-** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]-** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],-** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced-** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because-** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most-** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without-** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].-**-** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may-** changes in future releases of SQLite.-*/-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface-** DEPRECATED-**-** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]-** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility-** only.  All new applications should use the-** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.-*/-SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);---/*-** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns-** information about column C of table T in database D-** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()-** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in-** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified-** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns-** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.-** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a-** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the-** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it-** does not.-**-** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to-** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database-** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified-** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched-** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to-** resolve unqualified table references.-**-** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column-** name of the desired column, respectively.-**-** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th-** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be-** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.-**-** ^(<blockquote>-** <table border="1">-** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description-**-** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type-** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence-** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint-** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY-** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]-** </table>-** </blockquote>)^-**-** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the-** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next-** call to any SQLite API function.-**-** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.-**-** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table -** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an-** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output-** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no-** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs-** for the [rowid] are set as follows:-**-** <pre>-**     data type: "INTEGER"-**     collation sequence: "BINARY"-**     not null: 0-**     primary key: 1-**     auto increment: 0-** </pre>)^-**-** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and-** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if-** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(-  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */-  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */-  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */-  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */-  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */-  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */-  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */-  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */-  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.-**-** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an-** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If-** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load-** with various operating-system specific extensions added.-** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like-** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might-** be tried also.-**-** ^The entry point is zProc.-** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an-** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".-** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the-** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic-** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following-** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^-** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns-** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.-** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the-** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to-** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory-** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function-** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].-**-** ^Extension loading must be enabled using-** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or-** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)-** prior to calling this API,-** otherwise an error will be returned.-**-** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the -** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this-** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface-** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]-** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers-** access to extension loading capabilities.-**-** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_load_extension(-  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */-  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */-  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */-  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are-** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling-** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API-** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.-**-** ^Extension loading is off by default.-** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1-** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn-** it back off again.-**-** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API-** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].-** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)-** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^-**-** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading-** be disabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method-** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function-** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers-** access to extension loading capabilities.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions-**-** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for-** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that-** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]-** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.-**-** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes-** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three-** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the-** entry point where as follows:-**-** <blockquote><pre>-** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(-** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,-** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,-** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk-** &nbsp;  );-** </pre></blockquote>)^-**-** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg-** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])-** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg-** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke-** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any-** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],-** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.-**-** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already-** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point-** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.-**-** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]-** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));--/*-** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading-**-** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the-** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to-** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]-** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully -** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization-** routines.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));--/*-** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading-**-** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously-** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].-*/-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);--/*-** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered-** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.-** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.-**-** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the-** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.-*/--/*-** Structures used by the virtual table interface-*/-typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;-typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;-typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;-typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;--/*-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}-**-** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module", -** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].  -** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.-**-** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent-** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance-** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].-** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different-** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content-** of this structure must not change while it is registered with-** any database connection.-*/-struct sqlite3_module {-  int iVersion;-  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,-               int argc, const char *const*argv,-               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);-  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,-               int argc, const char *const*argv,-               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);-  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);-  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);-  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);-  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);-  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);-  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,-                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);-  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);-  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);-  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);-  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);-  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);-  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);-  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);-  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);-  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);-  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,-                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),-                       void **ppArg);-  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);-  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those -  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */-  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);-  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);-  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);-};--/*-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info-**-** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part-** of the [virtual table] interface to-** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]-** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the-** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its-** results into the **Outputs** fields.-**-** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:-**-** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>-**-** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is-** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the-** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^-** ^(The index of the column is stored in-** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the-** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint-** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^-**-** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"-** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to-** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.-** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are-** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.-**-** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].-** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.-**-** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be-** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from-** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement-** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),-** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be-** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column-** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also-** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression-** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to -** non-zero.-**-** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information-** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then-** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated-** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit-** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the-** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^-**-** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the-** [xFilter] method.-** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if-** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.-**-** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in-** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate-** sorting step is required.-**-** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular-** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar-** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N) -** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a-** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.-**-** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that-** will be returned by the strategy.-**-** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a -** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag --** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite-** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row. -**-** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then-** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as-** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the-** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback-** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns-** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were-** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not-** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by-** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.-**-** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info-** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]). -** If a virtual table extension is-** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting -** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely -** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should-** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a-** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field-** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]). -** It may therefore only be used if-** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to-** 3009000.-*/-struct sqlite3_index_info {-  /* Inputs */-  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */-  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {-     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */-     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */-     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */-     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */-  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */-  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */-  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {-     int iColumn;              /* Column number */-     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */-  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */-  /* Outputs */-  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {-    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */-    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */-  } *aConstraintUsage;-  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */-  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */-  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */-  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */-  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */-  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */-  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */-  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */-  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */-  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */-  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */-};--/*-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags-*/-#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */--/*-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes-**-** These macros defined the allowed values for the-** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents-** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of-** a query that uses a [virtual table].-*/-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ      2-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT      4-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE      8-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT     16-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE     32-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH  64-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE   65-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB   66-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP 67--/*-** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.-** ^Module names must be registered before-** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a-** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.-**-** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified-** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the -** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to-** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth-** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through-** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module-** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.-**-** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which-** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will-** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite-** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also-** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.-** ^The sqlite3_create_module()-** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL-** destructor.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module(-  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */-  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */-  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */-  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */-);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module_v2(-  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */-  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */-  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */-  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */-  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab-**-** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass-** of this object to describe a particular instance-** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will-** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.-** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are-** common to all module implementations.-**-** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a-** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should-** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]-** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message-** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically-** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.-*/-struct sqlite3_vtab {-  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */-  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */-  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */-  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */-};--/*-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object-** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}-**-** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the-** following structure to describe cursors that point into the-** [virtual table] and are used-** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the-** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed-** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used-** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods-** of the module.  Each module implementation will define-** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.-**-** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that-** are common to all implementations.-*/-struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */-  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */-};--/*-** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table-**-** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a-** [virtual table module] call this interface-** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of-** the virtual tables they implement.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions-** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].  -** But global versions of those functions-** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^-**-** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular-** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists-** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation-** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So-** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only-** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded-** by a [virtual table].-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);--/*-** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up-** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered-** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.-** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.-**-** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the-** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.-*/--/*-** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB-** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}-**-** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which-** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.-** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]-** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].-** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces-** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.-** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.-*/-typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;--/*-** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O-** METHOD: sqlite3-** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob-**-** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located-** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;-** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:-**-** <pre>-**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;-** </pre>)^-**-** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but -** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is-** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.-** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP-** tables, the database name is "temp".)^-**-** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read-** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for-** read-only access.-**-** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored-** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error-** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided-** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()] -** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.-**-** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:-** <ul>-**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^, -**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^, -**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^, -**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,-**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,-**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not-**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,-**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE -**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,-**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled, -**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is-**         being opened for read/write access)^.-** </ul>-**-** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the -** [database connection] error code and message accessible via -** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions. -**-**-** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an-** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects-** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".-** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column-** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^-** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for-** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].-** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not-** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually-** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^-**-** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of-** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this-** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a-** blob.-**-** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces-** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a -** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.-**-** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually-** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(-  sqlite3*,-  const char *zDb,-  const char *zTable,-  const char *zColumn,-  sqlite3_int64 iRow,-  int flags,-  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row-** METHOD: sqlite3_blob-**-** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points-** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified-** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be-** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open-** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be-** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.-**-** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] --** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in-** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if-** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an-** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.-** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or-** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return-** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle-** always returns zero.-**-** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle-** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob-**-** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed-** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the -** handle is still closed.)^-**-** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if-** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write-** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is-** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error-** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.-**-** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an-** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine -** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to -** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function-** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the -** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB-** METHOD: sqlite3_blob-**-** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the -** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The-** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing-** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.-**-** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created-** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not-** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in-** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally-** METHOD: sqlite3_blob-**-** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a-** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z-** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^-**-** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,-** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is-** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.-** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)-** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.-**-** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an-** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].-**-** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.-** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^-**-** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created-** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not-** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in-** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.-**-** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally-** METHOD: sqlite3_blob-**-** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a-** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z-** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^-**-** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.-** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^-** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the -** [database connection] error code and message accessible via -** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions. -**-** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for-** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),-** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].-**-** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is-** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.-** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,-** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the -** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined -** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less -** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.-**-** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an-** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred-** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the-** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might-** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle-** or by other independent statements.-**-** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created-** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not-** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in-** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.-**-** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects-**-** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object-** that SQLite uses to interact-** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a-** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.-** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.-** The following interfaces are provided.-**-** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.-** ^Names are case sensitive.-** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.-** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.-** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.-**-** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().-** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.-** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.-** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again-** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the-** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a-** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,-** then the behavior is undefined.-**-** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.-** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as-** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^-*/-SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Mutexes-**-** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread-** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal-** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is-** permitted to use any of these routines.-**-** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations-** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation-** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following-** implementations are available in the SQLite core:-**-** <ul>-** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS-** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32-** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP-** </ul>-**-** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines-** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in-** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and-** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix-** and Windows.-**-** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor-** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex-** implementation is included with the library. In this case the-** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function-** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_-** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().-**-** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new-** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()-** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested-** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these-** integer constants:-**-** <ul>-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3-** </ul>-**-** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)-** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create-** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE-** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.-** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction-** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does-** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in-** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex-** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem-** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.-**-** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other-** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return-** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are-** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite-** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal-** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should-** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or-** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.-**-** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST-** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()-** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static-** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has-** the same type number.-**-** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously-** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static-** mutex results in undefined behavior.-**-** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt-** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,-** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return-** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]-** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using-** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.-** In such cases, the-** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread-** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other-** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.-**-** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation-** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()-** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses-** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable -** behavior.)^-**-** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was-** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior-** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the-** calling thread or is not currently allocated.-**-** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or-** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines-** behave as no-ops.-**-** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].-*/-SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object-**-** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines-** used to allocate and use mutexes.-**-** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are-** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom-** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite-** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application-** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass-** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.-** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an-** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex-** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.-**-** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as-** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.-** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each-** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].-**-** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as-** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The-** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding-** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially-** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()-** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].-**-** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,-** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and-** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):-**-** <ul>-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>-**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>-** </ul>)^-**-** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated-** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead-** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined-** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results-** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined-** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if-** it is passed a NULL pointer).-**-** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to-** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without-** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to-** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.-**-** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]-** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory-** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite-** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.-**-** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is-** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.-** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself-** prior to returning.-*/-typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;-struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {-  int (*xMutexInit)(void);-  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);-  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);-  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);-  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);-  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);-  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);-  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);-  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);-};--/*-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines-**-** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines-** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core-** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications-** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only-** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled-** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations-** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is-** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.-**-** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument-** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.-**-** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these-** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working-** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always-** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.-**-** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then-** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since-** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But-** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not-** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the-** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is-** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()-** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.-*/-#ifndef NDEBUG-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);-#endif--/*-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types-**-** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument-** which is one of these integer constants.-**-** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the-** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be-** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.-*/-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */--/*-** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that -** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument-** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.-** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this-** routine returns a NULL pointer.-*/-SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the-** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated-** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The-** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the-** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for-** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.-** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the-** main database file.-** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine-** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of-** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl-** method becomes the return value of this routine.-**-** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes-** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into-** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER-** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the-** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.-**-** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any-** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error-** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]-** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might-** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between-** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying-** xFileControl method.-**-** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface-**-** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal-** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing-** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines-** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.-**-** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely-** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending-** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.-**-** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters-** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.-** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to-** operate consistently from one release to the next.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes-**-** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used-** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].-**-** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change-** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.-** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the-** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.-*/-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    25--/*-** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status-**-** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information-** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various-** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for-** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes-** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^-** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.-** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the-** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after-** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest-** value.  For those parameters-** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^-** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current-** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^-**-** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return-** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.-**-** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to-** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by-** sqlite3_status() are undefined.-**-** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status64(-  int op,-  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,-  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,-  int resetFlag-);---/*-** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters-** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}-**-** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters-** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].-**-** <dl>-** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>-** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out-** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The-** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application-** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory-** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache-** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in-** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation-** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^-**-** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>-** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request-** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their-** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  -** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^-**-** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>-** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations-** currently checked out.</dd>)^-**-** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the-** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using -** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The-** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^-**-** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]] -** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache-** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]-** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The-** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they-** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because-** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^-**-** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>-** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request-** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  -** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^-**-** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the-** [scratch memory allocator] configured using-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not-** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation-** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads-** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^-**-** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory-** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]-** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values-** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too-** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the-** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer-** slots were available.-** </dd>)^-**-** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>-** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request-** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  -** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^-**-** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>-** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack. -** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only-** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^-** </dl>-**-** New status parameters may be added from time to time.-*/-#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0-#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1-#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4-#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5-#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6-#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8-#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9--/*-** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information -** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the-** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument-** is an integer constant, taken from the set of-** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that-** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of -** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely-** to grow in future releases of SQLite.-**-** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur-** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If-** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is-** reset back down to the current value.-**-** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a-** non-zero [error code] on failure.-**-** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections-** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}-**-** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as-** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.-**-** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs-** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from-** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.-** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code-** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.-**-** <dl>-** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently-** checked out.</dd>)^-**-** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>-** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were -** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;-** the current value is always zero.)^-**-** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>-** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have-** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of-** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.-** Only the high-water value is meaningful;-** the current value is always zero.)^-**-** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]-** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>-** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have-** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside-** memory already being in use.-** Only the high-water value is meaningful;-** the current value is always zero.)^-**-** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>-** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap-** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^-** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.-**-** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]] -** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>-** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a-** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap-** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached-** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated-** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same-** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are-** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned-** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with-** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.-**-** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>-** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap-** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated-** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^ -** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the-** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to-** [shared cache mode] being enabled.-** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.-**-** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>-** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap-** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with-** the database connection.)^-** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.-** </dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have-** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT -** is always 0.-** </dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have-** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS -** is always 0.-** </dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have-** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the-** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the-** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of-** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.-** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect-** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The-** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.-** </dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>-** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if-** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been-** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.-** </dd>-** </dl>-*/-#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0-#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1-#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2-#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3-#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4-#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5-#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6-#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7-#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8-#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9-#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10-#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11-#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 11   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */---/*-** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status-** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt-**-** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various-** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number-** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can-** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared-** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds-** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate-** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than-** an index.  -**-** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from-** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement-** object to be interrogated.  The second argument-** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]-** to be interrogated.)^-** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.-** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this-** interface call returns.-**-** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements-** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}-**-** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter-** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.-** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:-**-** <dl>-** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>-** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in-** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter-** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through -** careful use of indices.</dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>-** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.-** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to-** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>-** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that-** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.-** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to-** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not-** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>-** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed-** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal-** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be -** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.-** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647-** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.-** </dd>-** </dl>-*/-#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1-#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2-#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3-#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4--/*-** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object-**-** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by-** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of-** its size or internal structure and never deals with the-** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers-** to the object.-**-** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.-*/-typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;--/*-** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object-**-** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the-** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this-** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances-** of this object as parameters or as their return value.-**-** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.-*/-typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;-struct sqlite3_pcache_page {-  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */-  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */-};--/*-** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.-** KEYWORDS: {page cache}-**-** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can-** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an -** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^-** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by -** SQLite is used for the page cache.-** By implementing a -** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control-** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which -** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to -** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for -** how long.-**-** The alternative page cache mechanism is an-** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.-** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.-**-** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an-** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence-** the application may discard the parameter after the call to-** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^-**-** [[the xInit() page cache method]]-** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective -** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^-** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()-** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^-** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures -** required by the custom page cache implementation. -** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the -** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined-** page cache.)^-**-** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]-** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].-** It can be used to clean up -** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.-** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.-**-** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,-** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The-** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does-** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe-** in multithreaded applications.-**-** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening-** call to xShutdown().-**-** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]-** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.-** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,-** though this is not guaranteed. ^The-** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must-** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The-** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage -** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will-** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the-** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying-** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends-** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.-** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being-** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or-** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation-** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;-** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will-** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.-** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to-** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.  -** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will-** never contain any unpinned pages.-**-** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]-** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the-** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache-** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using-** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable-** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this-** value; it is advisory only.-**-** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]-** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently-** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.-** -** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]-** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to -** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.-** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a-** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a -** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be-** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested-** for each entry in the page cache.-**-** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value-** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered-** to be "pinned".-**-** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache-** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content-** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the-** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag-** parameter to help it determined what action to take:-**-** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>-** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache-** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.-** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.-**                 Otherwise return NULL.-** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return-**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.-** </table>-**-** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite-** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1-** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may-** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of-** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.-**-** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]-** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page-** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,-** then the page must be evicted from the cache.-** ^If the discard parameter is-** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of-** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation-** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.-**-** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single -** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls -** to xFetch().-**-** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]-** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the-** page passed as the second argument. If the cache-** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be-** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not-** to be pinned.-**-** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all-** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal-** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any-** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that-** they can be safely discarded.-**-** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]-** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().-** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After-** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]-** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2-** functions.-**-** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]-** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to-** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation-** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should-** do their best.-*/-typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;-struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {-  int iVersion;-  void *pArg;-  int (*xInit)(void*);-  void (*xShutdown)(void*);-  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);-  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);-  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);-  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);-  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);-  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, -      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);-  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);-  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);-  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);-};--/*-** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced-** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is-** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.-*/-typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;-struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {-  void *pArg;-  int (*xInit)(void*);-  void (*xShutdown)(void*);-  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);-  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);-  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);-  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);-  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);-  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);-  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);-  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);-};---/*-** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object-**-** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing-** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by-** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to-** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].-**-** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]-*/-typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;--/*-** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.-**-** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.-** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or-** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files. -**-** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]-**-** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file-** for the duration of the backup operation.-** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;-** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.-** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without-** preventing other database connections from-** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.-** -** ^(To perform a backup operation: -**   <ol>-**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the-**         backup, -**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer -**         the data between the two databases, and finally-**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources -**         associated with the backup operation. -**   </ol>)^-** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each-** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().-**-** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>-**-** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the -** [database connection] associated with the destination database -** and the database name, respectively.-** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the-** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in-** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.-** ^The S and M arguments passed to -** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]-** and database name of the source database, respectively.-** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)-** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with-** an error.-**-** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if -** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the -** destination database.-**-** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is-** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the-** destination [database connection] D.-** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()-** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or-** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.-** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an-** [sqlite3_backup] object.-** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and-** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup -** operation.-**-** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>-**-** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between -** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.-** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied. -** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there-** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].-** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages-** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].-** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),-** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and-** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],-** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an-** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.-**-** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if-** <ol>-** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or-** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling-** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or-** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the-** destination and source page sizes differ.-** </ol>)^-**-** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then-** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]-** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the -** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then -** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to-** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source-** [database connection]-** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()-** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this-** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If-** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or-** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then -** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These -** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept -** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle -** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.-**-** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock-** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either -** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete -** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to-** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that-** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.-** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to-** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way-** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an-** external process or via a database connection other than the one being-** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically-** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source -** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used-** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically-** updated at the same time.-**-** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>-**-** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the -** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application-** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().-** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all-** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object. -** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any-** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.-** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid-** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().-**-** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no-** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not-** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.-** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior-** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then-** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].-**-** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()-** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of-** sqlite3_backup_finish().-**-** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]-** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>-**-** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still-** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().-** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages-** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent-** sqlite3_backup_step().-** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by-** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that-** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,-** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()-** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next-** sqlite3_backup_step().)^-**-** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>-**-** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other-** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.-** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database-** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently-** from within other threads.-**-** However, the application must guarantee that the destination -** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after -** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to-** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see-** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]-** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction-** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a-** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.-**-** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must-** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database-** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means-** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being -** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,-** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().-**-** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple -** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().-** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()-** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the-** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is-** possible that they return invalid values.-*/-SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(-  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */-  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */-  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */-  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */-);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with-** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or-** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See-** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking. -** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke -** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.-** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.-**-** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].-**-** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes-** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back. -**-** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a-** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the-** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that-** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an -** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the-** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as -** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked-** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The-** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]-** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.-**-** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,-** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already-** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.-** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,-** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^-**-** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a-** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds-** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of -** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.-**-** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a -** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the-** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,-** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is-** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing-** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections -** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked-** connection using [sqlite3_close()].-**-** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes-** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a-** crash or deadlock may be the result.-**-** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always-** returns SQLITE_OK.-**-** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>-**-** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a -** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.-** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass-** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to-** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,-** and the second is the number of entries in the array.-**-** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be-** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify-** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the-** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function-** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers-** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.-** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions -** related to the set of unblocked database connections.-**-** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>-**-** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a -** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further-** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the-** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for-** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection-** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection-** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.-**-** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock-** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the-** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no-** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in-** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify-** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection-** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection-** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so-** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has-** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection-** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any-** number of levels of indirection are allowed.-**-** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>-**-** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost -** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,-** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,-** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements-** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is-** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking-** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being-** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"-** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.-**-** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned-** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the-** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in-** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just -** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(-  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */-  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */-  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */-);---/*-** CAPI3REF: String Comparison-**-** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications-** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8-** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case-** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);--/*-** CAPI3REF: String Globbing-*-** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if-** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.-** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in-** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the-** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function-** is case sensitive.-**-** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings-** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].-**-** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);--/*-** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching-*-** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if-** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.-** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in-** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"-** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without-** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.-** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case-** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match-** one another.-**-** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though-** only ASCII characters are case folded.-**-** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings-** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].-**-** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface-**-** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]-** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].-** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are-** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.-**-** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as-** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is-** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so-** is considered bad form.-**-** The zFormat string must not be NULL.-**-** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine-** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in-** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than-** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the-** buffer.-*/-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that-** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.-**-** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and -** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation -** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.-**-** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked-** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when-** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.-** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to --** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter-** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,-** including those that were just committed.-**-** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error-** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the-** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback-** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the-** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value-** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results-** are undefined.-**-** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback -** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any-** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the-** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the-** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will-** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.-*/-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_wal_hook(-  sqlite3*, -  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),-  void*-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around-** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D-** to automatically [checkpoint]-** after committing a transaction if there are N or-** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or -** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic-** checkpoints entirely.-**-** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback-** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback-** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism-** configured by this function.-**-** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface-** from SQL.-**-** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are-** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].-**-** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint-** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]-** pages.  The use of this interface-** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal-** for a particular application.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to-** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^-**-** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the -** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be-** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to-** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition-** information.-**-** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to-** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]-** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards-** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually-** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding-** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database-** METHOD: sqlite3-**-** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint-** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status-** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^-** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^-**-** <dl>-** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>-**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database -**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames -**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]-**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.  -**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished-**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.-**-** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>-**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the-**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no-**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database-**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the-**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,-**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.-**-** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>-**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition-**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the -**   [busy-handler callback])-**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures -**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.-**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new-**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.-**-** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>-**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the-**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior-**   to a successful return.-** </dl>-**-** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in-** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because-** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not-** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the-** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function-** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or-** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful-** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been-** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.-**-** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If-** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the -** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a -** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.-**-** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the -** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be-** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and-** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock-** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for-** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before-** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the-** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as -** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible -** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.-**-** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the-** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to -** [database connection] db.  In this case the-** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If -** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the -** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining -** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other -** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned -** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error -** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached -** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.-**-** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL-** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If-** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any-** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.-**-** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,-** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface-** sets the error information that is queried by-** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].-**-** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface-** from SQL.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(-  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */-  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */-  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */-  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */-  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values-** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}-**-** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed-** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.-** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the-** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.-*/-#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */-#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */-#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */-#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */--/*-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration-**-** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method-** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure-** various facets of the virtual table interface.-**-** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or-** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.-**-** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using-** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options-** may be added in the future.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options-**-** These macros define the various options to the-** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations-** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.-**-** <dl>-** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT-** <dd>Calls of the form-** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,-** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose-** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not-** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if-** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire-** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been-** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual-** ON CONFLICT mode specified.-**-** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees-** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before-** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.-** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite -** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon-** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate. -** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns-** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode-** had been ABORT.-**-** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE-** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the -** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON -** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should -** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and-** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return-** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT -** constraint handling.-** </dl>-*/-#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1--/*-** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy-**-** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method-** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The-** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],-** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode-** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the-** [virtual table].-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes-** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}-**-** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to-** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode-** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.-**-** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential-** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that-** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].-*/-#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1-/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */-#define SQLITE_FAIL     3-/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */-#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5--/*-** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes-** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}-**-** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the-** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a-** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.-**-** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is-** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when-** S is finalized.-**-** <dl>-** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>-** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be-** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>-** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set-** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>-**-** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>-** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the-** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each-** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,-** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the-** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will-** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.-**-** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>-** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set-** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table-** used for the X-th loop.-**-** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>-** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set-** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]-** description for the X-th loop.-**-** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>-** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the-** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or-** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.-** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column-** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.-** </dl>-*/-#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0-#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1-#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2-#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3-#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4-#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5--/*-** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status-** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt-**-** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured-** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this-** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and-** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.-**-** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only-** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]-** compile-time option.-**-** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.-** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior-** of this interface is undefined.-** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by-** the "pOut" parameter.-** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.-** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than-** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement-** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut-** points to is unchanged.-**-** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases-** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves-** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable-** that pOut points to unchanged.-**-** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */-  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */-  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */-  void *pOut                /* Result written here */-);     --/*-** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters-** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt-**-** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.-**-** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor-** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.-*/-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction-**-** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the-** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty-** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out -** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an-** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database-** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]-** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and-** any [attached] databases.-**-** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages -** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained -** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked-** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then-** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages-** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped-** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this-** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.-**-** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for-** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is-** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.-**-** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.-**-** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message-** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.-**-** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.-**-** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function-** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation-** on a [rowid table].-** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single-** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides-** the previous setting.-** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]-** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.-** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as-** the first parameter to callbacks.-**-** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to [rowid tables]; the preupdate-** hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or [WITHOUT ROWID]-** tables.-**-** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to-** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.-** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants-** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the-** kind of update operation that is about to occur.-** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the-** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This-** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or -** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached-** databases.)^-** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the-** table that is being modified.-** ^The sixth parameter to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the-** row being changes for SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE changes and is-** undefined for SQLITE_INSERT changes.-** ^The seventh parameter to the preupdate callback is the final [rowid] of-** the row being changed for SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_INSERT changes and is-** undefined for SQLITE_DELETE changes.-**-** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],-** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces-** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines-** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of-** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a-** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied-** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable-** behavior.-**-** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns-** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.-**-** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to-** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of-** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0-** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be-** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE-** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the-** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to-** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.-**-** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to-** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of-** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0-** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be-** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE-** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the-** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to-** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.-**-** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate-** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete-** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level -** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level-** triggers; and so forth.-**-** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]-*/-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(-  sqlite3 *db,-  void(*xPreUpdate)(-    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */-    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */-    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */-    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */-    char const *zName,            /* Table name */-    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */-    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */-  ),-  void*-);-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code-**-** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error-** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.-** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after-** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be-** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such-** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.  -*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot-** KEYWORDS: {snapshot}-** EXPERIMENTAL-**-** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]-** database for some specific point in history.-**-** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the-** same database file can each be reading a different historical version-** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read-** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database-** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.-** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen-** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.-**-** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical-** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read-** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than-** the most recent version.-**-** The constructor for this object is [sqlite3_snapshot_get()].  The-** [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] method causes a fresh read transaction to refer-** to an historical snapshot (if possible).  The destructor for -** sqlite3_snapshot objects is [sqlite3_snapshot_free()].-*/-typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot sqlite3_snapshot;--/*-** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot-** EXPERIMENTAL-**-** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a-** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of-** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the-** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly-** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.-** ^If schema S of [database connection] D is not a [WAL mode] database-** that is in a read transaction, then [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)]-** leaves the *P value unchanged and returns an appropriate [error code].-**-** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to-** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]-** to avoid a memory leak.-**-** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the-** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.-*/-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(-  sqlite3 *db,-  const char *zSchema,-  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot-** EXPERIMENTAL-**-** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface starts a-** read transaction for schema S of-** [database connection] D such that the read transaction-** refers to historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most-** recent change to the database.-** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK on success-** or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.-**-** ^In order to succeed, a call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] must be-** the first operation following the [BEGIN] that takes the schema S-** out of [autocommit mode].-** ^In other words, schema S must not currently be in-** a transaction for [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] to work, but the-** database connection D must be out of [autocommit mode].-** ^A [snapshot] will fail to open if it has been overwritten by a-** [checkpoint].-** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the-** database connection D does not know that the database file for-** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know-** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior-** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode] -** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^-** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened-** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)-**-** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the-** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.-*/-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(-  sqlite3 *db,-  const char *zSchema,-  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot-** EXPERIMENTAL-**-** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.-** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object-** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.-**-** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the-** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.-*/-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.-** EXPERIMENTAL-**-** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages-** of two valid snapshot handles. -**-** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database -** file, the result of the comparison is undefined. -**-** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the-** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the-** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the-** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database-** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the -** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function -** is undefined.-**-** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older-** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database-** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.-*/-SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(-  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,-  sqlite3_snapshot *p2-);--/*-** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for-** builds on processors without floating point support.-*/-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT-# undef double-#endif--#ifdef __cplusplus-}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */-#endif-#endif /* SQLITE3_H */--/******** Begin file sqlite3rtree.h *********/-/*-** 2010 August 30-**-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:-**-**    May you do good and not evil.-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.-**-*************************************************************************-*/--#ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_-#define _SQLITE3RTREE_H_---#ifdef __cplusplus-extern "C" {-#endif--typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry sqlite3_rtree_geometry;-typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info sqlite3_rtree_query_info;--/* The double-precision datatype used by RTree depends on the-** SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY compile-time option.-*/-#ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY-  typedef sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_rtree_dbl;-#else-  typedef double sqlite3_rtree_dbl;-#endif--/*-** Register a geometry callback named zGeom that can be used as part of an-** R-Tree geometry query as follows:-**-**   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zGeom(... params ...)-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(-  sqlite3 *db,-  const char *zGeom,-  int (*xGeom)(sqlite3_rtree_geometry*, int, sqlite3_rtree_dbl*,int*),-  void *pContext-);---/*-** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the first-** argument to callbacks registered using rtree_geometry_callback().-*/-struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry {-  void *pContext;                 /* Copy of pContext passed to s_r_g_c() */-  int nParam;                     /* Size of array aParam[] */-  sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;      /* Parameters passed to SQL geom function */-  void *pUser;                    /* Callback implementation user data */-  void (*xDelUser)(void *);       /* Called by SQLite to clean up pUser */-};--/*-** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be -** used as part of an R-Tree geometry query as follows:-**-**   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zQueryFunc(... params ...)-*/-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(-  sqlite3 *db,-  const char *zQueryFunc,-  int (*xQueryFunc)(sqlite3_rtree_query_info*),-  void *pContext,-  void (*xDestructor)(void*)-);---/*-** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the -** argument to scored geometry callback registered using-** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback().-**-** Note that the first 5 fields of this structure are identical to-** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.  This structure is a subclass of-** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.-*/-struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info {-  void *pContext;                   /* pContext from when function registered */-  int nParam;                       /* Number of function parameters */-  sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;        /* value of function parameters */-  void *pUser;                      /* callback can use this, if desired */-  void (*xDelUser)(void*);          /* function to free pUser */-  sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aCoord;        /* Coordinates of node or entry to check */-  unsigned int *anQueue;            /* Number of pending entries in the queue */-  int nCoord;                       /* Number of coordinates */-  int iLevel;                       /* Level of current node or entry */-  int mxLevel;                      /* The largest iLevel value in the tree */-  sqlite3_int64 iRowid;             /* Rowid for current entry */-  sqlite3_rtree_dbl rParentScore;   /* Score of parent node */-  int eParentWithin;                /* Visibility of parent node */-  int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visiblity */-  sqlite3_rtree_dbl rScore;         /* OUT: Write the score here */-  /* The following fields are only available in 3.8.11 and later */-  sqlite3_value **apSqlParam;       /* Original SQL values of parameters */-};--/*-** Allowed values for sqlite3_rtree_query.eWithin and .eParentWithin.-*/-#define NOT_WITHIN       0   /* Object completely outside of query region */-#define PARTLY_WITHIN    1   /* Object partially overlaps query region */-#define FULLY_WITHIN     2   /* Object fully contained within query region */---#ifdef __cplusplus-}  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */-#endif--#endif  /* ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_ */--/******** End of sqlite3rtree.h *********/-/******** Begin file sqlite3session.h *********/--#if !defined(__SQLITESESSION_H_) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION)-#define __SQLITESESSION_H_ 1--/*-** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.-*/-#ifdef __cplusplus-extern "C" {-#endif---/*-** CAPI3REF: Session Object Handle-*/-typedef struct sqlite3_session sqlite3_session;--/*-** CAPI3REF: Changeset Iterator Handle-*/-typedef struct sqlite3_changeset_iter sqlite3_changeset_iter;--/*-** CAPI3REF: Create A New Session Object-**-** Create a new session object attached to database handle db. If successful,-** a pointer to the new object is written to *ppSession and SQLITE_OK is-** returned. If an error occurs, *ppSession is set to NULL and an SQLite-** error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.-**-** It is possible to create multiple session objects attached to a single-** database handle.-**-** Session objects created using this function should be deleted using the-** [sqlite3session_delete()] function before the database handle that they-** are attached to is itself closed. If the database handle is closed before-** the session object is deleted, then the results of calling any session-** module function, including [sqlite3session_delete()] on the session object-** are undefined.-**-** Because the session module uses the [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] API, it-** is not possible for an application to register a pre-update hook on a-** database handle that has one or more session objects attached. Nor is-** it possible to create a session object attached to a database handle for-** which a pre-update hook is already defined. The results of attempting -** either of these things are undefined.-**-** The session object will be used to create changesets for tables in-** database zDb, where zDb is either "main", or "temp", or the name of an-** attached database. It is not an error if database zDb is not attached-** to the database when the session object is created.-*/-int sqlite3session_create(-  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */-  const char *zDb,                /* Name of db (e.g. "main") */-  sqlite3_session **ppSession     /* OUT: New session object */-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Delete A Session Object-**-** Delete a session object previously allocated using -** [sqlite3session_create()]. Once a session object has been deleted, the-** results of attempting to use pSession with any other session module-** function are undefined.-**-** Session objects must be deleted before the database handle to which they-** are attached is closed. Refer to the documentation for -** [sqlite3session_create()] for details.-*/-void sqlite3session_delete(sqlite3_session *pSession);---/*-** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable A Session Object-**-** Enable or disable the recording of changes by a session object. When-** enabled, a session object records changes made to the database. When-** disabled - it does not. A newly created session object is enabled.-** Refer to the documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further-** details regarding how enabling and disabling a session object affects-** the eventual changesets.-**-** Passing zero to this function disables the session. Passing a value-** greater than zero enables it. Passing a value less than zero is a -** no-op, and may be used to query the current state of the session.-**-** The return value indicates the final state of the session object: 0 if -** the session is disabled, or 1 if it is enabled.-*/-int sqlite3session_enable(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bEnable);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Set Or Clear the Indirect Change Flag-**-** Each change recorded by a session object is marked as either direct or-** indirect. A change is marked as indirect if either:-**-** <ul>-**   <li> The session object "indirect" flag is set when the change is-**        made, or-**   <li> The change is made by an SQL trigger or foreign key action -**        instead of directly as a result of a users SQL statement.-** </ul>-**-** If a single row is affected by more than one operation within a session,-** then the change is considered indirect if all operations meet the criteria-** for an indirect change above, or direct otherwise.-**-** This function is used to set, clear or query the session object indirect-** flag.  If the second argument passed to this function is zero, then the-** indirect flag is cleared. If it is greater than zero, the indirect flag-** is set. Passing a value less than zero does not modify the current value-** of the indirect flag, and may be used to query the current state of the -** indirect flag for the specified session object.-**-** The return value indicates the final state of the indirect flag: 0 if -** it is clear, or 1 if it is set.-*/-int sqlite3session_indirect(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bIndirect);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Attach A Table To A Session Object-**-** If argument zTab is not NULL, then it is the name of a table to attach-** to the session object passed as the first argument. All subsequent changes -** made to the table while the session object is enabled will be recorded. See -** documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further details.-**-** Or, if argument zTab is NULL, then changes are recorded for all tables-** in the database. If additional tables are added to the database (by -** executing "CREATE TABLE" statements) after this call is made, changes for -** the new tables are also recorded.-**-** Changes can only be recorded for tables that have a PRIMARY KEY explicitly-** defined as part of their CREATE TABLE statement. It does not matter if the -** PRIMARY KEY is an "INTEGER PRIMARY KEY" (rowid alias) or not. The PRIMARY-** KEY may consist of a single column, or may be a composite key.-** -** It is not an error if the named table does not exist in the database. Nor-** is it an error if the named table does not have a PRIMARY KEY. However,-** no changes will be recorded in either of these scenarios.-**-** Changes are not recorded for individual rows that have NULL values stored-** in one or more of their PRIMARY KEY columns.-**-** SQLITE_OK is returned if the call completes without error. Or, if an error -** occurs, an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.-*/-int sqlite3session_attach(-  sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */-  const char *zTab                /* Table name */-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Set a table filter on a Session Object.-**-** The second argument (xFilter) is the "filter callback". For changes to rows -** in tables that are not attached to the Session object, the filter is called-** to determine whether changes to the table's rows should be tracked or not. -** If xFilter returns 0, changes is not tracked. Note that once a table is -** attached, xFilter will not be called again.-*/-void sqlite3session_table_filter(-  sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */-  int(*xFilter)(-    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to _filter_table() */-    const char *zTab              /* Table name */-  ),-  void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xFilter */-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Generate A Changeset From A Session Object-**-** Obtain a changeset containing changes to the tables attached to the -** session object passed as the first argument. If successful, -** set *ppChangeset to point to a buffer containing the changeset -** and *pnChangeset to the size of the changeset in bytes before returning-** SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs, set both *ppChangeset and *pnChangeset to-** zero and return an SQLite error code.-**-** A changeset consists of zero or more INSERT, UPDATE and/or DELETE changes,-** each representing a change to a single row of an attached table. An INSERT-** change contains the values of each field of a new database row. A DELETE-** contains the original values of each field of a deleted database row. An-** UPDATE change contains the original values of each field of an updated-** database row along with the updated values for each updated non-primary-key-** column. It is not possible for an UPDATE change to represent a change that-** modifies the values of primary key columns. If such a change is made, it-** is represented in a changeset as a DELETE followed by an INSERT.-**-** Changes are not recorded for rows that have NULL values stored in one or -** more of their PRIMARY KEY columns. If such a row is inserted or deleted,-** no corresponding change is present in the changesets returned by this-** function. If an existing row with one or more NULL values stored in-** PRIMARY KEY columns is updated so that all PRIMARY KEY columns are non-NULL,-** only an INSERT is appears in the changeset. Similarly, if an existing row-** with non-NULL PRIMARY KEY values is updated so that one or more of its-** PRIMARY KEY columns are set to NULL, the resulting changeset contains a-** DELETE change only.-**-** The contents of a changeset may be traversed using an iterator created-** using the [sqlite3changeset_start()] API. A changeset may be applied to-** a database with a compatible schema using the [sqlite3changeset_apply()]-** API.-**-** Within a changeset generated by this function, all changes related to a-** single table are grouped together. In other words, when iterating through-** a changeset or when applying a changeset to a database, all changes related-** to a single table are processed before moving on to the next table. Tables-** are sorted in the same order in which they were attached (or auto-attached)-** to the sqlite3_session object. The order in which the changes related to-** a single table are stored is undefined.-**-** Following a successful call to this function, it is the responsibility of-** the caller to eventually free the buffer that *ppChangeset points to using-** [sqlite3_free()].-**-** <h3>Changeset Generation</h3>-**-** Once a table has been attached to a session object, the session object-** records the primary key values of all new rows inserted into the table.-** It also records the original primary key and other column values of any-** deleted or updated rows. For each unique primary key value, data is only-** recorded once - the first time a row with said primary key is inserted,-** updated or deleted in the lifetime of the session.-**-** There is one exception to the previous paragraph: when a row is inserted,-** updated or deleted, if one or more of its primary key columns contain a-** NULL value, no record of the change is made.-**-** The session object therefore accumulates two types of records - those-** that consist of primary key values only (created when the user inserts-** a new record) and those that consist of the primary key values and the-** original values of other table columns (created when the users deletes-** or updates a record).-**-** When this function is called, the requested changeset is created using-** both the accumulated records and the current contents of the database-** file. Specifically:-**-** <ul>-**   <li> For each record generated by an insert, the database is queried-**        for a row with a matching primary key. If one is found, an INSERT-**        change is added to the changeset. If no such row is found, no change -**        is added to the changeset.-**-**   <li> For each record generated by an update or delete, the database is -**        queried for a row with a matching primary key. If such a row is-**        found and one or more of the non-primary key fields have been-**        modified from their original values, an UPDATE change is added to -**        the changeset. Or, if no such row is found in the table, a DELETE -**        change is added to the changeset. If there is a row with a matching-**        primary key in the database, but all fields contain their original-**        values, no change is added to the changeset.-** </ul>-**-** This means, amongst other things, that if a row is inserted and then later-** deleted while a session object is active, neither the insert nor the delete-** will be present in the changeset. Or if a row is deleted and then later a -** row with the same primary key values inserted while a session object is-** active, the resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change instead of-** a DELETE and an INSERT.-**-** When a session object is disabled (see the [sqlite3session_enable()] API),-** it does not accumulate records when rows are inserted, updated or deleted.-** This may appear to have some counter-intuitive effects if a single row-** is written to more than once during a session. For example, if a row-** is inserted while a session object is enabled, then later deleted while -** the same session object is disabled, no INSERT record will appear in the-** changeset, even though the delete took place while the session was disabled.-** Or, if one field of a row is updated while a session is disabled, and -** another field of the same row is updated while the session is enabled, the-** resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change that updates both fields.-*/-int sqlite3session_changeset(-  sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */-  int *pnChangeset,               /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppChangeset */-  void **ppChangeset              /* OUT: Buffer containing changeset */-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Load The Difference Between Tables Into A Session -**-** If it is not already attached to the session object passed as the first-** argument, this function attaches table zTbl in the same manner as the-** [sqlite3session_attach()] function. If zTbl does not exist, or if it-** does not have a primary key, this function is a no-op (but does not return-** an error).-**-** Argument zFromDb must be the name of a database ("main", "temp" etc.)-** attached to the same database handle as the session object that contains -** a table compatible with the table attached to the session by this function.-** A table is considered compatible if it:-**-** <ul>-**   <li> Has the same name,-**   <li> Has the same set of columns declared in the same order, and-**   <li> Has the same PRIMARY KEY definition.-** </ul>-**-** If the tables are not compatible, SQLITE_SCHEMA is returned. If the tables-** are compatible but do not have any PRIMARY KEY columns, it is not an error-** but no changes are added to the session object. As with other session-** APIs, tables without PRIMARY KEYs are simply ignored.-**-** This function adds a set of changes to the session object that could be-** used to update the table in database zFrom (call this the "from-table") -** so that its content is the same as the table attached to the session -** object (call this the "to-table"). Specifically:-**-** <ul>-**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in -**     the from-table, an INSERT record is added to the session object.-**-**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in -**     the from-table, a DELETE record is added to the session object.-**-**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in both tables, but features -**     different in each, an UPDATE record is added to the session.-** </ul>-**-** To clarify, if this function is called and then a changeset constructed-** using [sqlite3session_changeset()], then after applying that changeset to -** database zFrom the contents of the two compatible tables would be -** identical.-**-** It an error if database zFrom does not exist or does not contain the-** required compatible table.-**-** If the operation successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite-** error code. In this case, if argument pzErrMsg is not NULL, *pzErrMsg-** may be set to point to a buffer containing an English language error -** message. It is the responsibility of the caller to free this buffer using-** sqlite3_free().-*/-int sqlite3session_diff(-  sqlite3_session *pSession,-  const char *zFromDb,-  const char *zTbl,-  char **pzErrMsg-);---/*-** CAPI3REF: Generate A Patchset From A Session Object-**-** The differences between a patchset and a changeset are that:-**-** <ul>-**   <li> DELETE records consist of the primary key fields only. The -**        original values of other fields are omitted.-**   <li> The original values of any modified fields are omitted from -**        UPDATE records.-** </ul>-**-** A patchset blob may be used with up to date versions of all -** sqlite3changeset_xxx API functions except for sqlite3changeset_invert(), -** which returns SQLITE_CORRUPT if it is passed a patchset. Similarly,-** attempting to use a patchset blob with old versions of the-** sqlite3changeset_xxx APIs also provokes an SQLITE_CORRUPT error. -**-** Because the non-primary key "old.*" fields are omitted, no -** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflicts can be detected or reported if a patchset-** is passed to the sqlite3changeset_apply() API. Other conflict types work-** in the same way as for changesets.-**-** Changes within a patchset are ordered in the same way as for changesets-** generated by the sqlite3session_changeset() function (i.e. all changes for-** a single table are grouped together, tables appear in the order in which-** they were attached to the session object).-*/-int sqlite3session_patchset(-  sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */-  int *pnPatchset,                /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppChangeset */-  void **ppPatchset               /* OUT: Buffer containing changeset */-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Test if a changeset has recorded any changes.-**-** Return non-zero if no changes to attached tables have been recorded by -** the session object passed as the first argument. Otherwise, if one or -** more changes have been recorded, return zero.-**-** Even if this function returns zero, it is possible that calling-** [sqlite3session_changeset()] on the session handle may still return a-** changeset that contains no changes. This can happen when a row in -** an attached table is modified and then later on the original values -** are restored. However, if this function returns non-zero, then it is-** guaranteed that a call to sqlite3session_changeset() will return a -** changeset containing zero changes.-*/-int sqlite3session_isempty(sqlite3_session *pSession);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Create An Iterator To Traverse A Changeset -**-** Create an iterator used to iterate through the contents of a changeset.-** If successful, *pp is set to point to the iterator handle and SQLITE_OK-** is returned. Otherwise, if an error occurs, *pp is set to zero and an-** SQLite error code is returned.-**-** The following functions can be used to advance and query a changeset -** iterator created by this function:-**-** <ul>-**   <li> [sqlite3changeset_next()]-**   <li> [sqlite3changeset_op()]-**   <li> [sqlite3changeset_new()]-**   <li> [sqlite3changeset_old()]-** </ul>-**-** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually destroy the iterator-** by passing it to [sqlite3changeset_finalize()]. The buffer containing the-** changeset (pChangeset) must remain valid until after the iterator is-** destroyed.-**-** Assuming the changeset blob was created by one of the-** [sqlite3session_changeset()], [sqlite3changeset_concat()] or-** [sqlite3changeset_invert()] functions, all changes within the changeset -** that apply to a single table are grouped together. This means that when -** an application iterates through a changeset using an iterator created by -** this function, all changes that relate to a single table are visited -** consecutively. There is no chance that the iterator will visit a change -** the applies to table X, then one for table Y, and then later on visit -** another change for table X.-*/-int sqlite3changeset_start(-  sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,    /* OUT: New changeset iterator handle */-  int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset blob in bytes */-  void *pChangeset                /* Pointer to blob containing changeset */-);---/*-** CAPI3REF: Advance A Changeset Iterator-**-** This function may only be used with iterators created by function-** [sqlite3changeset_start()]. If it is called on an iterator passed to-** a conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], SQLITE_MISUSE-** is returned and the call has no effect.-**-** Immediately after an iterator is created by sqlite3changeset_start(), it-** does not point to any change in the changeset. Assuming the changeset-** is not empty, the first call to this function advances the iterator to-** point to the first change in the changeset. Each subsequent call advances-** the iterator to point to the next change in the changeset (if any). If-** no error occurs and the iterator points to a valid change after a call-** to sqlite3changeset_next() has advanced it, SQLITE_ROW is returned. -** Otherwise, if all changes in the changeset have already been visited,-** SQLITE_DONE is returned.-**-** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned. Possible error -** codes include SQLITE_CORRUPT (if the changeset buffer is corrupt) or -** SQLITE_NOMEM.-*/-int sqlite3changeset_next(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Obtain The Current Operation From A Changeset Iterator-**-** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator-** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator-** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent-** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned [SQLITE_ROW]. If this-** is not the case, this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE].-**-** If argument pzTab is not NULL, then *pzTab is set to point to a-** nul-terminated utf-8 encoded string containing the name of the table-** affected by the current change. The buffer remains valid until either-** sqlite3changeset_next() is called on the iterator or until the -** conflict-handler function returns. If pnCol is not NULL, then *pnCol is -** set to the number of columns in the table affected by the change. If-** pbIncorrect is not NULL, then *pbIndirect is set to true (1) if the change-** is an indirect change, or false (0) otherwise. See the documentation for-** [sqlite3session_indirect()] for a description of direct and indirect-** changes. Finally, if pOp is not NULL, then *pOp is set to one of -** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the -** type of change that the iterator currently points to.-**-** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error does occur, an-** SQLite error code is returned. The values of the output variables may not-** be trusted in this case.-*/-int sqlite3changeset_op(-  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Iterator object */-  const char **pzTab,             /* OUT: Pointer to table name */-  int *pnCol,                     /* OUT: Number of columns in table */-  int *pOp,                       /* OUT: SQLITE_INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE */-  int *pbIndirect                 /* OUT: True for an 'indirect' change */-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Obtain The Primary Key Definition Of A Table-**-** For each modified table, a changeset includes the following:-**-** <ul>-**   <li> The number of columns in the table, and-**   <li> Which of those columns make up the tables PRIMARY KEY.-** </ul>-**-** This function is used to find which columns comprise the PRIMARY KEY of-** the table modified by the change that iterator pIter currently points to.-** If successful, *pabPK is set to point to an array of nCol entries, where-** nCol is the number of columns in the table. Elements of *pabPK are set to-** 0x01 if the corresponding column is part of the tables primary key, or-** 0x00 if it is not.-**-** If argument pnCol is not NULL, then *pnCol is set to the number of columns-** in the table.-**-** If this function is called when the iterator does not point to a valid-** entry, SQLITE_MISUSE is returned and the output variables zeroed. Otherwise,-** SQLITE_OK is returned and the output variables populated as described-** above.-*/-int sqlite3changeset_pk(-  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Iterator object */-  unsigned char **pabPK,          /* OUT: Array of boolean - true for PK cols */-  int *pnCol                      /* OUT: Number of entries in output array */-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Obtain old.* Values From A Changeset Iterator-**-** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator-** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator-** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent-** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW. -** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator-** currently points to is either [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE]. Otherwise,-** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.-**-** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number-** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,-** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.-**-** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected-** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of -** original row values stored as part of the UPDATE or DELETE change and-** returns SQLITE_OK. The name of the function comes from the fact that this -** is similar to the "old.*" columns available to update or delete triggers.-**-** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code-** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.-*/-int sqlite3changeset_old(-  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */-  int iVal,                       /* Column number */-  sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: Old value (or NULL pointer) */-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Obtain new.* Values From A Changeset Iterator-**-** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator-** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator-** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent-** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW. -** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator-** currently points to is either [SQLITE_UPDATE] or [SQLITE_INSERT]. Otherwise,-** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.-**-** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number-** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,-** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.-**-** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected-** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of -** new row values stored as part of the UPDATE or INSERT change and-** returns SQLITE_OK. If the change is an UPDATE and does not include-** a new value for the requested column, *ppValue is set to NULL and -** SQLITE_OK returned. The name of the function comes from the fact that -** this is similar to the "new.*" columns available to update or delete -** triggers.-**-** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code-** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.-*/-int sqlite3changeset_new(-  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */-  int iVal,                       /* Column number */-  sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: New value (or NULL pointer) */-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Obtain Conflicting Row Values From A Changeset Iterator-**-** This function should only be used with iterator objects passed to a-** conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()] with either-** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] or [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT]. If this function-** is called on any other iterator, [SQLITE_MISUSE] is returned and *ppValue-** is set to NULL.-**-** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number-** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,-** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.-**-** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected-** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the -** "conflicting row" associated with the current conflict-handler callback-** and returns SQLITE_OK.-**-** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code-** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.-*/-int sqlite3changeset_conflict(-  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */-  int iVal,                       /* Column number */-  sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: Value from conflicting row */-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Determine The Number Of Foreign Key Constraint Violations-**-** This function may only be called with an iterator passed to an-** SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY conflict handler callback. In this case-** it sets the output variable to the total number of known foreign key-** violations in the destination database and returns SQLITE_OK.-**-** In all other cases this function returns SQLITE_MISUSE.-*/-int sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts(-  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */-  int *pnOut                      /* OUT: Number of FK violations */-);---/*-** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Changeset Iterator-**-** This function is used to finalize an iterator allocated with-** [sqlite3changeset_start()].-**-** This function should only be called on iterators created using the-** [sqlite3changeset_start()] function. If an application calls this-** function with an iterator passed to a conflict-handler by-** [sqlite3changeset_apply()], [SQLITE_MISUSE] is immediately returned and the-** call has no effect.-**-** If an error was encountered within a call to an sqlite3changeset_xxx()-** function (for example an [SQLITE_CORRUPT] in [sqlite3changeset_next()] or an -** [SQLITE_NOMEM] in [sqlite3changeset_new()]) then an error code corresponding-** to that error is returned by this function. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK is-** returned. This is to allow the following pattern (pseudo-code):-**-**   sqlite3changeset_start();-**   while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3changeset_next() ){-**     // Do something with change.-**   }-**   rc = sqlite3changeset_finalize();-**   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){-**     // An error has occurred -**   }-*/-int sqlite3changeset_finalize(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Invert A Changeset-**-** This function is used to "invert" a changeset object. Applying an inverted-** changeset to a database reverses the effects of applying the uninverted-** changeset. Specifically:-**-** <ul>-**   <li> Each DELETE change is changed to an INSERT, and-**   <li> Each INSERT change is changed to a DELETE, and-**   <li> For each UPDATE change, the old.* and new.* values are exchanged.-** </ul>-**-** This function does not change the order in which changes appear within-** the changeset. It merely reverses the sense of each individual change.-**-** If successful, a pointer to a buffer containing the inverted changeset-** is stored in *ppOut, the size of the same buffer is stored in *pnOut, and-** SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error occurs, both *pnOut and *ppOut are-** zeroed and an SQLite error code returned.-**-** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually call sqlite3_free()-** on the *ppOut pointer to free the buffer allocation following a successful -** call to this function.-**-** WARNING/TODO: This function currently assumes that the input is a valid-** changeset. If it is not, the results are undefined.-*/-int sqlite3changeset_invert(-  int nIn, const void *pIn,       /* Input changeset */-  int *pnOut, void **ppOut        /* OUT: Inverse of input */-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Concatenate Two Changeset Objects-**-** This function is used to concatenate two changesets, A and B, into a -** single changeset. The result is a changeset equivalent to applying-** changeset A followed by changeset B. -**-** This function combines the two input changesets using an -** sqlite3_changegroup object. Calling it produces similar results as the-** following code fragment:-**-**   sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp;-**   rc = sqlite3_changegroup_new(&pGrp);-**   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3changegroup_add(pGrp, nA, pA);-**   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3changegroup_add(pGrp, nB, pB);-**   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){-**     rc = sqlite3changegroup_output(pGrp, pnOut, ppOut);-**   }else{-**     *ppOut = 0;-**     *pnOut = 0;-**   }-**-** Refer to the sqlite3_changegroup documentation below for details.-*/-int sqlite3changeset_concat(-  int nA,                         /* Number of bytes in buffer pA */-  void *pA,                       /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset A */-  int nB,                         /* Number of bytes in buffer pB */-  void *pB,                       /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset B */-  int *pnOut,                     /* OUT: Number of bytes in output changeset */-  void **ppOut                    /* OUT: Buffer containing output changeset */-);---/*-** CAPI3REF: Changegroup Handle-*/-typedef struct sqlite3_changegroup sqlite3_changegroup;--/*-** CAPI3REF: Create A New Changegroup Object-**-** An sqlite3_changegroup object is used to combine two or more changesets-** (or patchsets) into a single changeset (or patchset). A single changegroup-** object may combine changesets or patchsets, but not both. The output is-** always in the same format as the input.-**-** If successful, this function returns SQLITE_OK and populates (*pp) with-** a pointer to a new sqlite3_changegroup object before returning. The caller-** should eventually free the returned object using a call to -** sqlite3changegroup_delete(). If an error occurs, an SQLite error code-** (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned and *pp is set to NULL.-**-** The usual usage pattern for an sqlite3_changegroup object is as follows:-**-** <ul>-**   <li> It is created using a call to sqlite3changegroup_new().-**-**   <li> Zero or more changesets (or patchsets) are added to the object-**        by calling sqlite3changegroup_add().-**-**   <li> The result of combining all input changesets together is obtained -**        by the application via a call to sqlite3changegroup_output().-**-**   <li> The object is deleted using a call to sqlite3changegroup_delete().-** </ul>-**-** Any number of calls to add() and output() may be made between the calls to-** new() and delete(), and in any order.-**-** As well as the regular sqlite3changegroup_add() and -** sqlite3changegroup_output() functions, also available are the streaming-** versions sqlite3changegroup_add_strm() and sqlite3changegroup_output_strm().-*/-int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Add A Changeset To A Changegroup-**-** Add all changes within the changeset (or patchset) in buffer pData (size-** nData bytes) to the changegroup. -**-** If the buffer contains a patchset, then all prior calls to this function-** on the same changegroup object must also have specified patchsets. Or, if-** the buffer contains a changeset, so must have the earlier calls to this-** function. Otherwise, SQLITE_ERROR is returned and no changes are added-** to the changegroup.-**-** Rows within the changeset and changegroup are identified by the values in-** their PRIMARY KEY columns. A change in the changeset is considered to-** apply to the same row as a change already present in the changegroup if-** the two rows have the same primary key.-**-** Changes to rows that do not already appear in the changegroup are-** simply copied into it. Or, if both the new changeset and the changegroup-** contain changes that apply to a single row, the final contents of the-** changegroup depends on the type of each change, as follows:-**-** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">-**   <tr><th style="white-space:pre">Existing Change  </th>-**       <th style="white-space:pre">New Change       </th>-**       <th>Output Change-**   <tr><td>INSERT <td>INSERT <td>-**       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new-**       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already-**       added to the changegroup.-**   <tr><td>INSERT <td>UPDATE <td>-**       The INSERT change remains in the changegroup. The values in the -**       INSERT change are modified as if the row was inserted by the-**       existing change and then updated according to the new change.-**   <tr><td>INSERT <td>DELETE <td>-**       The existing INSERT is removed from the changegroup. The DELETE is-**       not added.-**   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>INSERT <td>-**       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new-**       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already-**       added to the changegroup.-**   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>UPDATE <td>-**       The existing UPDATE remains within the changegroup. It is amended -**       so that the accompanying values are as if the row was updated once -**       by the existing change and then again by the new change.-**   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>DELETE <td>-**       The existing UPDATE is replaced by the new DELETE within the-**       changegroup.-**   <tr><td>DELETE <td>INSERT <td>-**       If one or more of the column values in the row inserted by the-**       new change differ from those in the row deleted by the existing -**       change, the existing DELETE is replaced by an UPDATE within the-**       changegroup. Otherwise, if the inserted row is exactly the same -**       as the deleted row, the existing DELETE is simply discarded.-**   <tr><td>DELETE <td>UPDATE <td>-**       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new-**       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already-**       added to the changegroup.-**   <tr><td>DELETE <td>DELETE <td>-**       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new-**       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already-**       added to the changegroup.-** </table>-**-** If the new changeset contains changes to a table that is already present-** in the changegroup, then the number of columns and the position of the-** primary key columns for the table must be consistent. If this is not the-** case, this function fails with SQLITE_SCHEMA. If the input changeset-** appears to be corrupt and the corruption is detected, SQLITE_CORRUPT is-** returned. Or, if an out-of-memory condition occurs during processing, this-** function returns SQLITE_NOMEM. In all cases, if an error occurs the-** final contents of the changegroup is undefined.-**-** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned.-*/-int sqlite3changegroup_add(sqlite3_changegroup*, int nData, void *pData);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Obtain A Composite Changeset From A Changegroup-**-** Obtain a buffer containing a changeset (or patchset) representing the-** current contents of the changegroup. If the inputs to the changegroup-** were themselves changesets, the output is a changeset. Or, if the-** inputs were patchsets, the output is also a patchset.-**-** As with the output of the sqlite3session_changeset() and-** sqlite3session_patchset() functions, all changes related to a single-** table are grouped together in the output of this function. Tables appear-** in the same order as for the very first changeset added to the changegroup.-** If the second or subsequent changesets added to the changegroup contain-** changes for tables that do not appear in the first changeset, they are-** appended onto the end of the output changeset, again in the order in-** which they are first encountered.-**-** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the output-** variables (*pnData) and (*ppData) are set to 0. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK-** is returned and the output variables are set to the size of and a -** pointer to the output buffer, respectively. In this case it is the-** responsibility of the caller to eventually free the buffer using a-** call to sqlite3_free().-*/-int sqlite3changegroup_output(-  sqlite3_changegroup*,-  int *pnData,                    /* OUT: Size of output buffer in bytes */-  void **ppData                   /* OUT: Pointer to output buffer */-);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Delete A Changegroup Object-*/-void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);--/*-** CAPI3REF: Apply A Changeset To A Database-**-** Apply a changeset to a database. This function attempts to update the-** "main" database attached to handle db with the changes found in the-** changeset passed via the second and third arguments.-**-** The fourth argument (xFilter) passed to this function is the "filter-** callback". If it is not NULL, then for each table affected by at least one-** change in the changeset, the filter callback is invoked with-** the table name as the second argument, and a copy of the context pointer-** passed as the sixth argument to this function as the first. If the "filter-** callback" returns zero, then no attempt is made to apply any changes to -** the table. Otherwise, if the return value is non-zero or the xFilter-** argument to this function is NULL, all changes related to the table are-** attempted.-**-** For each table that is not excluded by the filter callback, this function -** tests that the target database contains a compatible table. A table is -** considered compatible if all of the following are true:-**-** <ul>-**   <li> The table has the same name as the name recorded in the -**        changeset, and-**   <li> The table has the same number of columns as recorded in the -**        changeset, and-**   <li> The table has primary key columns in the same position as -**        recorded in the changeset.-** </ul>-**-** If there is no compatible table, it is not an error, but none of the-** changes associated with the table are applied. A warning message is issued-** via the sqlite3_log() mechanism with the error code SQLITE_SCHEMA. At most-** one such warning is issued for each table in the changeset.-**-** For each change for which there is a compatible table, an attempt is made -** to modify the table contents according to the UPDATE, INSERT or DELETE -** change. If a change cannot be applied cleanly, the conflict handler -** function passed as the fifth argument to sqlite3changeset_apply() may be -** invoked. A description of exactly when the conflict handler is invoked for -** each type of change is below.-**-** Unlike the xFilter argument, xConflict may not be passed NULL. The results-** of passing anything other than a valid function pointer as the xConflict-** argument are undefined.-**-** Each time the conflict handler function is invoked, it must return one-** of [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT], [SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT] or -** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE]. SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE may only be returned-** if the second argument passed to the conflict handler is either-** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If the conflict-handler-** returns an illegal value, any changes already made are rolled back and-** the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE. Different -** actions are taken by sqlite3changeset_apply() depending on the value-** returned by each invocation of the conflict-handler function. Refer to-** the documentation for the three -** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT|available return values] for details.-**-** <dl>-** <dt>DELETE Changes<dd>-**   For each DELETE change, this function checks if the target database -**   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the -**   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values -**   stored in all non-primary key columns also match the values stored in -**   the changeset the row is deleted from the target database.-**-**   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of-**   the non-primary key fields contains a value different from the original-**   row value stored in the changeset, the conflict-handler function is-**   invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] as the second argument.-**-**   If no row with matching primary key values is found in the database,-**   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]-**   passed as the second argument.-**-**   If the DELETE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT-**   (which can only happen if a foreign key constraint is violated), the-**   conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT]-**   passed as the second argument. This includes the case where the DELETE-**   operation is attempted because an earlier call to the conflict handler-**   function returned [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].-**-** <dt>INSERT Changes<dd>-**   For each INSERT change, an attempt is made to insert the new row into-**   the database.-**-**   If the attempt to insert the row fails because the database already -**   contains a row with the same primary key values, the conflict handler-**   function is invoked with the second argument set to -**   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT].-**-**   If the attempt to insert the row fails because of some other constraint-**   violation (e.g. NOT NULL or UNIQUE), the conflict handler function is -**   invoked with the second argument set to [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT].-**   This includes the case where the INSERT operation is re-attempted because -**   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned -**   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].-**-** <dt>UPDATE Changes<dd>-**   For each UPDATE change, this function checks if the target database -**   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the -**   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values -**   stored in all non-primary key columns also match the values stored in -**   the changeset the row is updated within the target database.-**-**   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of-**   the non-primary key fields contains a value different from an original-**   row value stored in the changeset, the conflict-handler function is-**   invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] as the second argument. Since-**   UPDATE changes only contain values for non-primary key fields that are-**   to be modified, only those fields need to match the original values to-**   avoid the SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict-handler callback.-**-**   If no row with matching primary key values is found in the database,-**   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]-**   passed as the second argument.-**-**   If the UPDATE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns -**   SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the conflict-handler function is invoked with -**   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT] passed as the second argument.-**   This includes the case where the UPDATE operation is attempted after -**   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned-**   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].  -** </dl>-**-** It is safe to execute SQL statements, including those that write to the-** table that the callback related to, from within the xConflict callback.-** This can be used to further customize the applications conflict-** resolution strategy.-**-** All changes made by this function are enclosed in a savepoint transaction.-** If any other error (aside from a constraint failure when attempting to-** write to the target database) occurs, then the savepoint transaction is-** rolled back, restoring the target database to its original state, and an -** SQLite error code returned.-*/-int sqlite3changeset_apply(-  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */-  int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset in bytes */-  void *pChangeset,               /* Changeset blob */-  int(*xFilter)(-    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */-    const char *zTab              /* Table name */-  ),-  int(*xConflict)(-    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */-    int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */-    sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */-  ),-  void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xConflict */-);--/* -** CAPI3REF: Constants Passed To The Conflict Handler-**-** Values that may be passed as the second argument to a conflict-handler.-**-** <dl>-** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA<dd>-**   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_DATA as the second argument-**   when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the required-**   PRIMARY KEY fields is present in the database, but one or more other -**   (non primary-key) fields modified by the update do not contain the -**   expected "before" values.-** -**   The conflicting row, in this case, is the database row with the matching-**   primary key.-** -** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND<dd>-**   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_NOTFOUND as the second-**   argument when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the-**   required PRIMARY KEY fields is not present in the database.-** -**   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the-**   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.-** -** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT<dd>-**   CHANGESET_CONFLICT is passed as the second argument to the conflict-**   handler while processing an INSERT change if the operation would result -**   in duplicate primary key values.-** -**   The conflicting row in this case is the database row with the matching-**   primary key.-**-** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY<dd>-**   If foreign key handling is enabled, and applying a changeset leaves the-**   database in a state containing foreign key violations, the conflict -**   handler is invoked with CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY as the second argument-**   exactly once before the changeset is committed. If the conflict handler-**   returns CHANGESET_OMIT, the changes, including those that caused the-**   foreign key constraint violation, are committed. Or, if it returns-**   CHANGESET_ABORT, the changeset is rolled back.-**-**   No current or conflicting row information is provided. The only function-**   it is possible to call on the supplied sqlite3_changeset_iter handle-**   is sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts().-** -** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT<dd>-**   If any other constraint violation occurs while applying a change (i.e. -**   a UNIQUE, CHECK or NOT NULL constraint), the conflict handler is -**   invoked with CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT as the second argument.-** -**   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the-**   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.-**-** </dl>-*/-#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA        1-#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND    2-#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT    3-#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT  4-#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY 5--/* -** CAPI3REF: Constants Returned By The Conflict Handler-**-** A conflict handler callback must return one of the following three values.-**-** <dl>-** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT<dd>-**   If a conflict handler returns this value no special action is taken. The-**   change that caused the conflict is not applied. The session module -**   continues to the next change in the changeset.-**-** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE<dd>-**   This value may only be returned if the second argument to the conflict-**   handler was SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If this-**   is not the case, any changes applied so far are rolled back and the -**   call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE.-**-**   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict-**   handler, then the conflicting row is either updated or deleted, depending-**   on the type of change.-**-**   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT conflict-**   handler, then the conflicting row is removed from the database and a-**   second attempt to apply the change is made. If this second attempt fails,-**   the original row is restored to the database before continuing.-**-** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT<dd>-**   If this value is returned, any changes applied so far are rolled back -**   and the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_ABORT.-** </dl>-*/-#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT       0-#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE    1-#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT      2--/*-** CAPI3REF: Streaming Versions of API functions.-**-** The six streaming API xxx_strm() functions serve similar purposes to the -** corresponding non-streaming API functions:-**-** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">-**   <tr><th>Streaming function<th>Non-streaming equivalent</th>-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply] -**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat] -**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert] -**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_start] -**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_str<td>[sqlite3session_changeset] -**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_str<td>[sqlite3session_patchset] -** </table>-**-** Non-streaming functions that accept changesets (or patchsets) as input-** require that the entire changeset be stored in a single buffer in memory. -** Similarly, those that return a changeset or patchset do so by returning -** a pointer to a single large buffer allocated using sqlite3_malloc(). -** Normally this is convenient. However, if an application running in a -** low-memory environment is required to handle very large changesets, the-** large contiguous memory allocations required can become onerous.-**-** In order to avoid this problem, instead of a single large buffer, input-** is passed to a streaming API functions by way of a callback function that-** the sessions module invokes to incrementally request input data as it is-** required. In all cases, a pair of API function parameters such as-**-**  <pre>-**  &nbsp;     int nChangeset,-**  &nbsp;     void *pChangeset,-**  </pre>-**-** Is replaced by:-**-**  <pre>-**  &nbsp;     int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),-**  &nbsp;     void *pIn,-**  </pre>-**-** Each time the xInput callback is invoked by the sessions module, the first-** argument passed is a copy of the supplied pIn context pointer. The second -** argument, pData, points to a buffer (*pnData) bytes in size. Assuming no -** error occurs the xInput method should copy up to (*pnData) bytes of data -** into the buffer and set (*pnData) to the actual number of bytes copied -** before returning SQLITE_OK. If the input is completely exhausted, (*pnData) -** should be set to zero to indicate this. Or, if an error occurs, an SQLite -** error code should be returned. In all cases, if an xInput callback returns-** an error, all processing is abandoned and the streaming API function-** returns a copy of the error code to the caller.-**-** In the case of sqlite3changeset_start_strm(), the xInput callback may be-** invoked by the sessions module at any point during the lifetime of the-** iterator. If such an xInput callback returns an error, the iterator enters-** an error state, whereby all subsequent calls to iterator functions -** immediately fail with the same error code as returned by xInput.-**-** Similarly, streaming API functions that return changesets (or patchsets)-** return them in chunks by way of a callback function instead of via a-** pointer to a single large buffer. In this case, a pair of parameters such-** as:-**-**  <pre>-**  &nbsp;     int *pnChangeset,-**  &nbsp;     void **ppChangeset,-**  </pre>-**-** Is replaced by:-**-**  <pre>-**  &nbsp;     int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),-**  &nbsp;     void *pOut-**  </pre>-**-** The xOutput callback is invoked zero or more times to return data to-** the application. The first parameter passed to each call is a copy of the-** pOut pointer supplied by the application. The second parameter, pData,-** points to a buffer nData bytes in size containing the chunk of output-** data being returned. If the xOutput callback successfully processes the-** supplied data, it should return SQLITE_OK to indicate success. Otherwise,-** it should return some other SQLite error code. In this case processing-** is immediately abandoned and the streaming API function returns a copy-** of the xOutput error code to the application.-**-** The sessions module never invokes an xOutput callback with the third -** parameter set to a value less than or equal to zero. Other than this,-** no guarantees are made as to the size of the chunks of data returned.-*/-int sqlite3changeset_apply_strm(-  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */-  int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData), /* Input function */-  void *pIn,                                          /* First arg for xInput */-  int(*xFilter)(-    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */-    const char *zTab              /* Table name */-  ),-  int(*xConflict)(-    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */-    int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */-    sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */-  ),-  void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xConflict */-);-int sqlite3changeset_concat_strm(-  int (*xInputA)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),-  void *pInA,-  int (*xInputB)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),-  void *pInB,-  int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),-  void *pOut-);-int sqlite3changeset_invert_strm(-  int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),-  void *pIn,-  int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),-  void *pOut-);-int sqlite3changeset_start_strm(-  sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,-  int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),-  void *pIn-);-int sqlite3session_changeset_strm(-  sqlite3_session *pSession,-  int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),-  void *pOut-);-int sqlite3session_patchset_strm(-  sqlite3_session *pSession,-  int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),-  void *pOut-);-int sqlite3changegroup_add_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*, -    int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),-    void *pIn-);-int sqlite3changegroup_output_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,-    int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData), -    void *pOut-);---/*-** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.-*/-#ifdef __cplusplus-}-#endif--#endif  /* !defined(__SQLITESESSION_H_) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION) */--/******** End of sqlite3session.h *********/-/******** Begin file fts5.h *********/-/*-** 2014 May 31-**-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:-**-**    May you do good and not evil.-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.-**-******************************************************************************-**-** Interfaces to extend FTS5. Using the interfaces defined in this file, -** FTS5 may be extended with:-**-**     * custom tokenizers, and-**     * custom auxiliary functions.-*/---#ifndef _FTS5_H-#define _FTS5_H---#ifdef __cplusplus-extern "C" {-#endif--/*************************************************************************-** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS-**-** Virtual table implementations may overload SQL functions by implementing-** the sqlite3_module.xFindFunction() method.-*/--typedef struct Fts5ExtensionApi Fts5ExtensionApi;-typedef struct Fts5Context Fts5Context;-typedef struct Fts5PhraseIter Fts5PhraseIter;--typedef void (*fts5_extension_function)(-  const Fts5ExtensionApi *pApi,   /* API offered by current FTS version */-  Fts5Context *pFts,              /* First arg to pass to pApi functions */-  sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Context for returning result/error */-  int nVal,                       /* Number of values in apVal[] array */-  sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Array of trailing arguments */-);--struct Fts5PhraseIter {-  const unsigned char *a;-  const unsigned char *b;-};--/*-** EXTENSION API FUNCTIONS-**-** xUserData(pFts):-**   Return a copy of the context pointer the extension function was -**   registered with.-**-** xColumnTotalSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):-**   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken-**   to the total number of tokens in the FTS5 table. Or, if iCol is-**   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, return-**   the total number of tokens in column iCol, considering all rows in -**   the FTS5 table.-**-**   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns-**   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.-**   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is -**   returned.-**-** xColumnCount(pFts):-**   Return the number of columns in the table.-**-** xColumnSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):-**   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken-**   to the total number of tokens in the current row. Or, if iCol is-**   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, set-**   *pnToken to the number of tokens in column iCol of the current row.-**-**   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns-**   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.-**   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is -**   returned.-**-**   This function may be quite inefficient if used with an FTS5 table-**   created with the "columnsize=0" option.-**-** xColumnText:-**   This function attempts to retrieve the text of column iCol of the-**   current document. If successful, (*pz) is set to point to a buffer-**   containing the text in utf-8 encoding, (*pn) is set to the size in bytes-**   (not characters) of the buffer and SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise,-**   if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the final values-**   of (*pz) and (*pn) are undefined.-**-** xPhraseCount:-**   Returns the number of phrases in the current query expression.-**-** xPhraseSize:-**   Returns the number of tokens in phrase iPhrase of the query. Phrases-**   are numbered starting from zero.-**-** xInstCount:-**   Set *pnInst to the total number of occurrences of all phrases within-**   the query within the current row. Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or-**   an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.-**-**   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the-**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created -**   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option -**   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always returns 0.-**-** xInst:-**   Query for the details of phrase match iIdx within the current row.-**   Phrase matches are numbered starting from zero, so the iIdx argument-**   should be greater than or equal to zero and smaller than the value-**   output by xInstCount().-**-**   Usually, output parameter *piPhrase is set to the phrase number, *piCol-**   to the column in which it occurs and *piOff the token offset of the-**   first token of the phrase. The exception is if the table was created-**   with the offsets=0 option specified. In this case *piOff is always-**   set to -1.-**-**   Returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) -**   if an error occurs.-**-**   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the-**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. -**-** xRowid:-**   Returns the rowid of the current row.-**-** xTokenize:-**   Tokenize text using the tokenizer belonging to the FTS5 table.-**-** xQueryPhrase(pFts5, iPhrase, pUserData, xCallback):-**   This API function is used to query the FTS table for phrase iPhrase-**   of the current query. Specifically, a query equivalent to:-**-**       ... FROM ftstable WHERE ftstable MATCH $p ORDER BY rowid-**-**   with $p set to a phrase equivalent to the phrase iPhrase of the-**   current query is executed. Any column filter that applies to-**   phrase iPhrase of the current query is included in $p. For each -**   row visited, the callback function passed as the fourth argument -**   is invoked. The context and API objects passed to the callback -**   function may be used to access the properties of each matched row.-**   Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer passed as -**   the third argument to pUserData.-**-**   If the callback function returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, the-**   query is abandoned and the xQueryPhrase function returns immediately.-**   If the returned value is SQLITE_DONE, xQueryPhrase returns SQLITE_OK.-**   Otherwise, the error code is propagated upwards.-**-**   If the query runs to completion without incident, SQLITE_OK is returned.-**   Or, if some error occurs before the query completes or is aborted by-**   the callback, an SQLite error code is returned.-**-**-** xSetAuxdata(pFts5, pAux, xDelete)-**-**   Save the pointer passed as the second argument as the extension functions -**   "auxiliary data". The pointer may then be retrieved by the current or any-**   future invocation of the same fts5 extension function made as part of-**   of the same MATCH query using the xGetAuxdata() API.-**-**   Each extension function is allocated a single auxiliary data slot for-**   each FTS query (MATCH expression). If the extension function is invoked -**   more than once for a single FTS query, then all invocations share a -**   single auxiliary data context.-**-**   If there is already an auxiliary data pointer when this function is-**   invoked, then it is replaced by the new pointer. If an xDelete callback-**   was specified along with the original pointer, it is invoked at this-**   point.-**-**   The xDelete callback, if one is specified, is also invoked on the-**   auxiliary data pointer after the FTS5 query has finished.-**-**   If an error (e.g. an OOM condition) occurs within this function, an-**   the auxiliary data is set to NULL and an error code returned. If the-**   xDelete parameter was not NULL, it is invoked on the auxiliary data-**   pointer before returning.-**-**-** xGetAuxdata(pFts5, bClear)-**-**   Returns the current auxiliary data pointer for the fts5 extension -**   function. See the xSetAuxdata() method for details.-**-**   If the bClear argument is non-zero, then the auxiliary data is cleared-**   (set to NULL) before this function returns. In this case the xDelete,-**   if any, is not invoked.-**-**-** xRowCount(pFts5, pnRow)-**-**   This function is used to retrieve the total number of rows in the table.-**   In other words, the same value that would be returned by:-**-**        SELECT count(*) FROM ftstable;-**-** xPhraseFirst()-**   This function is used, along with type Fts5PhraseIter and the xPhraseNext-**   method, to iterate through all instances of a single query phrase within-**   the current row. This is the same information as is accessible via the-**   xInstCount/xInst APIs. While the xInstCount/xInst APIs are more convenient-**   to use, this API may be faster under some circumstances. To iterate -**   through instances of phrase iPhrase, use the following code:-**-**       Fts5PhraseIter iter;-**       int iCol, iOff;-**       for(pApi->xPhraseFirst(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol, &iOff);-**           iCol>=0;-**           pApi->xPhraseNext(pFts, &iter, &iCol, &iOff)-**       ){-**         // An instance of phrase iPhrase at offset iOff of column iCol-**       }-**-**   The Fts5PhraseIter structure is defined above. Applications should not-**   modify this structure directly - it should only be used as shown above-**   with the xPhraseFirst() and xPhraseNext() API methods (and by-**   xPhraseFirstColumn() and xPhraseNextColumn() as illustrated below).-**-**   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the-**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created -**   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option -**   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always iterates-**   through an empty set (all calls to xPhraseFirst() set iCol to -1).-**-** xPhraseNext()-**   See xPhraseFirst above.-**-** xPhraseFirstColumn()-**   This function and xPhraseNextColumn() are similar to the xPhraseFirst()-**   and xPhraseNext() APIs described above. The difference is that instead-**   of iterating through all instances of a phrase in the current row, these-**   APIs are used to iterate through the set of columns in the current row-**   that contain one or more instances of a specified phrase. For example:-**-**       Fts5PhraseIter iter;-**       int iCol;-**       for(pApi->xPhraseFirstColumn(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol);-**           iCol>=0;-**           pApi->xPhraseNextColumn(pFts, &iter, &iCol)-**       ){-**         // Column iCol contains at least one instance of phrase iPhrase-**       }-**-**   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the-**   "detail=none" option. If the FTS5 table is created with either -**   "detail=none" "content=" option (i.e. if it is a contentless table), -**   then this API always iterates through an empty set (all calls to -**   xPhraseFirstColumn() set iCol to -1).-**-**   The information accessed using this API and its companion-**   xPhraseFirstColumn() may also be obtained using xPhraseFirst/xPhraseNext-**   (or xInst/xInstCount). The chief advantage of this API is that it is-**   significantly more efficient than those alternatives when used with-**   "detail=column" tables.  -**-** xPhraseNextColumn()-**   See xPhraseFirstColumn above.-*/-struct Fts5ExtensionApi {-  int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 3 */--  void *(*xUserData)(Fts5Context*);--  int (*xColumnCount)(Fts5Context*);-  int (*xRowCount)(Fts5Context*, sqlite3_int64 *pnRow);-  int (*xColumnTotalSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, sqlite3_int64 *pnToken);--  int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Context*, -    const char *pText, int nText, /* Text to tokenize */-    void *pCtx,                   /* Context passed to xToken() */-    int (*xToken)(void*, int, const char*, int, int, int)       /* Callback */-  );--  int (*xPhraseCount)(Fts5Context*);-  int (*xPhraseSize)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase);--  int (*xInstCount)(Fts5Context*, int *pnInst);-  int (*xInst)(Fts5Context*, int iIdx, int *piPhrase, int *piCol, int *piOff);--  sqlite3_int64 (*xRowid)(Fts5Context*);-  int (*xColumnText)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, const char **pz, int *pn);-  int (*xColumnSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, int *pnToken);--  int (*xQueryPhrase)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, void *pUserData,-    int(*)(const Fts5ExtensionApi*,Fts5Context*,void*)-  );-  int (*xSetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, void *pAux, void(*xDelete)(void*));-  void *(*xGetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, int bClear);--  int (*xPhraseFirst)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*, int*);-  void (*xPhraseNext)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol, int *piOff);--  int (*xPhraseFirstColumn)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*);-  void (*xPhraseNextColumn)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol);-};--/* -** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS-*************************************************************************/--/*************************************************************************-** CUSTOM TOKENIZERS-**-** Applications may also register custom tokenizer types. A tokenizer -** is registered by providing fts5 with a populated instance of the -** following structure. All structure methods must be defined, setting-** any member of the fts5_tokenizer struct to NULL leads to undefined-** behaviour. The structure methods are expected to function as follows:-**-** xCreate:-**   This function is used to allocate and initialize a tokenizer instance.-**   A tokenizer instance is required to actually tokenize text.-**-**   The first argument passed to this function is a copy of the (void*)-**   pointer provided by the application when the fts5_tokenizer object-**   was registered with FTS5 (the third argument to xCreateTokenizer()). -**   The second and third arguments are an array of nul-terminated strings-**   containing the tokenizer arguments, if any, specified following the-**   tokenizer name as part of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement used-**   to create the FTS5 table.-**-**   The final argument is an output variable. If successful, (*ppOut) -**   should be set to point to the new tokenizer handle and SQLITE_OK-**   returned. If an error occurs, some value other than SQLITE_OK should-**   be returned. In this case, fts5 assumes that the final value of *ppOut -**   is undefined.-**-** xDelete:-**   This function is invoked to delete a tokenizer handle previously-**   allocated using xCreate(). Fts5 guarantees that this function will-**   be invoked exactly once for each successful call to xCreate().-**-** xTokenize:-**   This function is expected to tokenize the nText byte string indicated -**   by argument pText. pText may or may not be nul-terminated. The first-**   argument passed to this function is a pointer to an Fts5Tokenizer object-**   returned by an earlier call to xCreate().-**-**   The second argument indicates the reason that FTS5 is requesting-**   tokenization of the supplied text. This is always one of the following-**   four values:-**-**   <ul><li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT</b> - A document is being inserted into-**            or removed from the FTS table. The tokenizer is being invoked to-**            determine the set of tokens to add to (or delete from) the-**            FTS index.-**-**       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY</b> - A MATCH query is being executed -**            against the FTS index. The tokenizer is being called to tokenize -**            a bareword or quoted string specified as part of the query.-**-**       <li> <b>(FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY | FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX)</b> - Same as-**            FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY, except that the bareword or quoted string is-**            followed by a "*" character, indicating that the last token-**            returned by the tokenizer will be treated as a token prefix.-**-**       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX</b> - The tokenizer is being invoked to -**            satisfy an fts5_api.xTokenize() request made by an auxiliary-**            function. Or an fts5_api.xColumnSize() request made by the same-**            on a columnsize=0 database.  -**   </ul>-**-**   For each token in the input string, the supplied callback xToken() must-**   be invoked. The first argument to it should be a copy of the pointer-**   passed as the second argument to xTokenize(). The third and fourth-**   arguments are a pointer to a buffer containing the token text, and the-**   size of the token in bytes. The 4th and 5th arguments are the byte offsets-**   of the first byte of and first byte immediately following the text from-**   which the token is derived within the input.-**-**   The second argument passed to the xToken() callback ("tflags") should-**   normally be set to 0. The exception is if the tokenizer supports -**   synonyms. In this case see the discussion below for details.-**-**   FTS5 assumes the xToken() callback is invoked for each token in the -**   order that they occur within the input text.-**-**   If an xToken() callback returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, then-**   the tokenization should be abandoned and the xTokenize() method should-**   immediately return a copy of the xToken() return value. Or, if the-**   input buffer is exhausted, xTokenize() should return SQLITE_OK. Finally,-**   if an error occurs with the xTokenize() implementation itself, it-**   may abandon the tokenization and return any error code other than-**   SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_DONE.-**-** SYNONYM SUPPORT-**-**   Custom tokenizers may also support synonyms. Consider a case in which a-**   user wishes to query for a phrase such as "first place". Using the -**   built-in tokenizers, the FTS5 query 'first + place' will match instances-**   of "first place" within the document set, but not alternative forms-**   such as "1st place". In some applications, it would be better to match-**   all instances of "first place" or "1st place" regardless of which form-**   the user specified in the MATCH query text.-**-**   There are several ways to approach this in FTS5:-**-**   <ol><li> By mapping all synonyms to a single token. In this case, the -**            In the above example, this means that the tokenizer returns the-**            same token for inputs "first" and "1st". Say that token is in-**            fact "first", so that when the user inserts the document "I won-**            1st place" entries are added to the index for tokens "i", "won",-**            "first" and "place". If the user then queries for '1st + place',-**            the tokenizer substitutes "first" for "1st" and the query works-**            as expected.-**-**       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.-**            In this case, when tokenizing query text, the tokenizer may -**            provide multiple synonyms for a single term within the document.-**            FTS5 then queries the index for each synonym individually. For-**            example, faced with the query:-**-**   <codeblock>-**     ... MATCH 'first place'</codeblock>-**-**            the tokenizer offers both "1st" and "first" as synonyms for the-**            first token in the MATCH query and FTS5 effectively runs a query -**            similar to:-**-**   <codeblock>-**     ... MATCH '(first OR 1st) place'</codeblock>-**-**            except that, for the purposes of auxiliary functions, the query-**            still appears to contain just two phrases - "(first OR 1st)" -**            being treated as a single phrase.-**-**       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.-**            Using this method, when tokenizing document text, the tokenizer-**            provides multiple synonyms for each token. So that when a -**            document such as "I won first place" is tokenized, entries are-**            added to the FTS index for "i", "won", "first", "1st" and-**            "place".-**-**            This way, even if the tokenizer does not provide synonyms-**            when tokenizing query text (it should not - to do would be-**            inefficient), it doesn't matter if the user queries for -**            'first + place' or '1st + place', as there are entires in the-**            FTS index corresponding to both forms of the first token.-**   </ol>-**-**   Whether it is parsing document or query text, any call to xToken that-**   specifies a <i>tflags</i> argument with the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED bit-**   is considered to supply a synonym for the previous token. For example,-**   when parsing the document "I won first place", a tokenizer that supports-**   synonyms would call xToken() 5 times, as follows:-**-**   <codeblock>-**       xToken(pCtx, 0, "i",                      1,  0,  1);-**       xToken(pCtx, 0, "won",                    3,  2,  5);-**       xToken(pCtx, 0, "first",                  5,  6, 11);-**       xToken(pCtx, FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED, "1st", 3,  6, 11);-**       xToken(pCtx, 0, "place",                  5, 12, 17);-**</codeblock>-**-**   It is an error to specify the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED flag the first time-**   xToken() is called. Multiple synonyms may be specified for a single token-**   by making multiple calls to xToken(FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED) in sequence. -**   There is no limit to the number of synonyms that may be provided for a-**   single token.-**-**   In many cases, method (1) above is the best approach. It does not add -**   extra data to the FTS index or require FTS5 to query for multiple terms,-**   so it is efficient in terms of disk space and query speed. However, it-**   does not support prefix queries very well. If, as suggested above, the-**   token "first" is subsituted for "1st" by the tokenizer, then the query:-**-**   <codeblock>-**     ... MATCH '1s*'</codeblock>-**-**   will not match documents that contain the token "1st" (as the tokenizer-**   will probably not map "1s" to any prefix of "first").-**-**   For full prefix support, method (3) may be preferred. In this case, -**   because the index contains entries for both "first" and "1st", prefix-**   queries such as 'fi*' or '1s*' will match correctly. However, because-**   extra entries are added to the FTS index, this method uses more space-**   within the database.-**-**   Method (2) offers a midpoint between (1) and (3). Using this method,-**   a query such as '1s*' will match documents that contain the literal -**   token "1st", but not "first" (assuming the tokenizer is not able to-**   provide synonyms for prefixes). However, a non-prefix query like '1st'-**   will match against "1st" and "first". This method does not require-**   extra disk space, as no extra entries are added to the FTS index. -**   On the other hand, it may require more CPU cycles to run MATCH queries,-**   as separate queries of the FTS index are required for each synonym.-**-**   When using methods (2) or (3), it is important that the tokenizer only-**   provide synonyms when tokenizing document text (method (2)) or query-**   text (method (3)), not both. Doing so will not cause any errors, but is-**   inefficient.-*/-typedef struct Fts5Tokenizer Fts5Tokenizer;-typedef struct fts5_tokenizer fts5_tokenizer;-struct fts5_tokenizer {-  int (*xCreate)(void*, const char **azArg, int nArg, Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut);-  void (*xDelete)(Fts5Tokenizer*);-  int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Tokenizer*, -      void *pCtx,-      int flags,            /* Mask of FTS5_TOKENIZE_* flags */-      const char *pText, int nText, -      int (*xToken)(-        void *pCtx,         /* Copy of 2nd argument to xTokenize() */-        int tflags,         /* Mask of FTS5_TOKEN_* flags */-        const char *pToken, /* Pointer to buffer containing token */-        int nToken,         /* Size of token in bytes */-        int iStart,         /* Byte offset of token within input text */-        int iEnd            /* Byte offset of end of token within input text */-      )-  );-};--/* Flags that may be passed as the third argument to xTokenize() */-#define FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY     0x0001-#define FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX    0x0002-#define FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT  0x0004-#define FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX       0x0008--/* Flags that may be passed by the tokenizer implementation back to FTS5-** as the third argument to the supplied xToken callback. */-#define FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED    0x0001      /* Same position as prev. token */--/*-** END OF CUSTOM TOKENIZERS-*************************************************************************/--/*************************************************************************-** FTS5 EXTENSION REGISTRATION API-*/-typedef struct fts5_api fts5_api;-struct fts5_api {-  int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 2 */--  /* Create a new tokenizer */-  int (*xCreateTokenizer)(-    fts5_api *pApi,-    const char *zName,-    void *pContext,-    fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer,-    void (*xDestroy)(void*)-  );--  /* Find an existing tokenizer */-  int (*xFindTokenizer)(-    fts5_api *pApi,-    const char *zName,-    void **ppContext,-    fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer-  );--  /* Create a new auxiliary function */-  int (*xCreateFunction)(-    fts5_api *pApi,-    const char *zName,-    void *pContext,-    fts5_extension_function xFunction,-    void (*xDestroy)(void*)-  );-};--/*-** END OF REGISTRATION API-*************************************************************************/--#ifdef __cplusplus-}  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */-#endif--#endif /* _FTS5_H */--/******** End of fts5.h *********/+/*
+** 2001 September 15
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
+** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
+** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
+** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
+** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
+**
+** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
+** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
+** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
+** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
+** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
+**
+** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
+** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
+** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
+**
+** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
+** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
+** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
+** part of the build process.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE3_H
+#define SQLITE3_H
+#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
+
+/*
+** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
+*/
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
+# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_API
+# define SQLITE_API
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
+# define SQLITE_CDECL
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
+# define SQLITE_APICALL
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
+# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
+# define SQLITE_CALLBACK
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
+# define SQLITE_SYSAPI
+#endif
+
+/*
+** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
+** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
+** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
+** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
+** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
+**
+** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
+** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
+** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
+** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
+** noop macros.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
+#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
+
+/*
+** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
+# undef SQLITE_VERSION
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
+# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
+#endif
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
+**
+** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
+** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
+** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
+** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
+** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
+** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
+** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
+** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
+** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
+** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
+** and Z will be reset to zero.
+**
+** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]), 
+** SQLite source code has been stored in the
+** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
+** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
+** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
+** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
+** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
+** hash of the entire source tree.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
+** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
+** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
+*/
+#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.15.2"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3015002
+#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2016-11-28 19:13:37 bbd85d235f7037c6a033a9690534391ffeacecc8"
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
+** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
+**
+** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
+** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
+** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
+** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
+** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
+** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
+** compiled with matching library and header files.
+**
+** <blockquote><pre>
+** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
+** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
+** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
+** </pre></blockquote>)^
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
+** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
+** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
+** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
+** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
+** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
+** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns 
+** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the 
+** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1 
+** indicating whether the specified option was defined at 
+** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the 
+** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().  
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
+** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
+** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
+** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_ 
+** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by 
+** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
+**
+** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
+** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the 
+** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
+**
+** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
+** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
+#endif
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
+** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
+** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
+**
+** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
+** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
+** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
+** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0, 
+** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
+** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
+**
+** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
+** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
+** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
+** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
+**
+** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
+** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
+** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
+**
+** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
+** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
+** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
+** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
+** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
+** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
+** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
+** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
+** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
+** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
+**
+** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
+** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
+**
+** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
+** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
+** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
+** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
+** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
+** interfaces (such as
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
+** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
+** sqlite3 object.
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
+** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
+**
+** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
+** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
+**
+** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
+** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
+** compatibility only.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
+** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
+** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values 
+** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
+  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
+  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
+  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
+  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
+#else
+  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
+  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
+#endif
+typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
+typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
+
+/*
+** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
+** substitute integer for floating-point.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
+# define double sqlite3_int64
+#endif
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
+** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
+** for the [sqlite3] object.
+** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
+** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
+** resources are deallocated.
+**
+** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
+** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
+** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
+** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
+** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
+** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
+** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
+** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
+** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
+** destructors are called is arbitrary.
+**
+** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
+** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and 
+** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
+** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
+** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
+** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
+** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
+** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
+** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
+**
+** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
+** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
+**
+** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
+** must be either a NULL
+** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
+** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
+** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
+** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
+** argument is a harmless no-op.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
+
+/*
+** The type for a callback function.
+** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
+** compatibility and is not documented.
+*/
+typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
+** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
+** without having to use a lot of C code. 
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
+** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
+** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
+** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
+** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
+** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
+** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
+** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
+** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
+** ignored.
+**
+** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
+** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
+** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
+** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
+** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
+** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
+** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
+** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
+** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
+** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
+** NULL before returning.
+**
+** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
+** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
+** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
+**
+** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
+** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
+** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
+** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
+** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
+** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
+** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
+** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
+** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
+**
+** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
+** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or 
+** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
+** is not changed.
+**
+** Restrictions:
+**
+** <ul>
+** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
+**      is a valid and open [database connection].
+** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
+**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
+** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
+**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
+** </ul>
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
+  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
+  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
+  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
+  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
+  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
+** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
+**
+** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
+** here in order to indicate success or failure.
+**
+** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
+**
+** See also: [extended result code definitions]
+*/
+#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
+/* beginning-of-error-codes */
+#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
+#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
+#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
+#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
+#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
+#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
+#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
+#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
+#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
+#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
+#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
+#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
+#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
+#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
+#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
+#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
+#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
+#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
+#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
+#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
+#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
+#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
+#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
+#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
+#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
+#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
+#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
+#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
+#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
+#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
+/* end-of-error-codes */
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
+** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
+**
+** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
+** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
+** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
+** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
+** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
+** and later) include
+** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
+** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
+** on a per database connection basis using the
+** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
+** the most recent error can be obtained using
+** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
+*/
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
+#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
+#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
+#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
+#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
+#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
+#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
+#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
+#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
+#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
+#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
+#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
+#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
+#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
+#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
+#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
+#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
+#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
+#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
+#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
+#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
+#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
+#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
+#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
+#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
+#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
+#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
+#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
+#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
+**
+** These bit values are intended for use in the
+** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
+** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
+
+/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
+**
+** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
+** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
+** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
+** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
+** refers to.
+**
+** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
+** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
+** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
+** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
+** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
+** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
+** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
+** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
+** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
+** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
+** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
+** file that were written at the application level might have changed
+** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
+** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
+** flag indicate that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
+** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
+** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
+** elevated privileges.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
+#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
+#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
+#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
+#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
+#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
+#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
+#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
+#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
+#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
+#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
+#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
+#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
+#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
+**
+** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
+** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
+** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
+#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
+#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
+#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
+#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
+**
+** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
+** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
+** these integer values as the second argument.
+**
+** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
+** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
+** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
+** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
+** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
+** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
+**
+** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
+** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
+** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
+** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
+** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
+** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
+** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
+** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
+** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
+** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
+** cares about the difference.)
+*/
+#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
+#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
+#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
+**
+** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the 
+** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
+** implementations will
+** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
+** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
+** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
+** I/O operations on the open file.
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
+struct sqlite3_file {
+  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
+};
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
+**
+** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
+** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
+** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
+** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
+** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
+**
+** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element 
+** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
+** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
+** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
+** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
+** to NULL.
+**
+** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
+** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
+** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
+** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
+** and not its inode needs to be synced.
+**
+** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
+** <ul>
+** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
+** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
+** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
+** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
+** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
+** </ul>
+** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
+** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
+** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
+** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
+** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
+**
+** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
+** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
+** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
+** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
+** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
+** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
+** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
+** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
+** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
+** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
+** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
+** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
+** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
+** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
+** recognize.
+**
+** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
+** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
+** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
+** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
+** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
+** underlying device:
+**
+** <ul>
+** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
+** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
+** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
+** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
+** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
+** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
+** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
+** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
+** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
+** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
+** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
+** </ul>
+**
+** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
+** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
+** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
+** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
+** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
+** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
+** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
+** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
+** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
+** to xWrite().
+**
+** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
+** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
+** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
+** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
+** database corruption.
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
+struct sqlite3_io_methods {
+  int iVersion;
+  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
+  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
+  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
+  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
+  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
+  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
+  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
+  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
+  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
+  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
+  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
+  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
+  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
+  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
+  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
+  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
+  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
+  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
+  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
+  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
+  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
+  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
+};
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
+** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
+**
+** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
+** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
+** interface.
+**
+** <ul>
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
+** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
+** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
+** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
+** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
+** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
+** compile-time option is used.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
+** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
+** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
+** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
+** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
+** file run faster.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
+** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
+** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should 
+** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
+** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
+** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
+** improve performance on some systems.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
+** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
+** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
+** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
+** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
+** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
+** No longer in use.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
+** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
+** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked 
+** because the user has configured SQLite with 
+** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place 
+** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
+** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
+** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
+** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that 
+** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications 
+** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may 
+** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.  
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
+** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
+** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
+** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
+** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the 
+** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.  
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
+** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
+** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
+** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
+** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
+** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
+** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
+** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
+** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
+** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
+** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
+** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
+** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
+** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
+** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
+** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
+** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
+** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
+** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
+** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
+** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
+** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
+** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
+** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
+** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
+** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
+** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
+** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
+** WAL persistence setting.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
+** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
+** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
+** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
+** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
+** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
+** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
+** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
+** zero-damage mode setting.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
+** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
+** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
+** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current 
+** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
+** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
+** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
+** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from 
+** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
+** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
+** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
+** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
+** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
+** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
+** is intended for diagnostic use only.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
+** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
+** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
+** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
+** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
+** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
+** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
+** upper-most shim only.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
+** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] 
+** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
+** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
+** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
+** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
+** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
+** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
+** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
+** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
+** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
+** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
+** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal 
+** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
+** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
+** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
+** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
+** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
+** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
+** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
+** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
+** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
+** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
+** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
+** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
+** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
+** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
+** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
+** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
+** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
+** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
+** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
+** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
+** current operation.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
+** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
+** to have SQLite generate a
+** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
+** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
+** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
+** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
+** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
+** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
+** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
+** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
+** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
+** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit 
+** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
+** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
+** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
+** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
+** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
+** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
+** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
+** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
+** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
+** was first opened.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
+** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
+** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
+** writes the resulting value there.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
+** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
+** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
+** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
+** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
+** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
+** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
+** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
+** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
+** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
+** this opcode.  
+** </ul>
+*/
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
+
+/* deprecated names */
+#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
+#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
+#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
+
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
+**
+** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
+** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
+** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
+** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
+**
+** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
+**
+** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
+** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
+** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
+** on some platforms.
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
+**
+** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
+** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
+** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
+** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
+**
+** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
+** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
+** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
+** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
+** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
+** modified.
+**
+** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
+** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
+** a pathname in this VFS.
+**
+** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
+** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
+** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
+** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
+** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
+** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
+**
+** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
+** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
+** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
+** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
+** object once the object has been registered.
+**
+** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
+** be unique across all VFS modules.
+**
+** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
+** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
+** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
+** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
+** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
+** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
+** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
+** ^SQLite further guarantees that
+** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
+** called. Because of the previous sentence,
+** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
+** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
+** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
+** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the 
+** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
+** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
+**
+** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
+** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
+** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
+** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]. 
+** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
+** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
+**
+** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
+** call, depending on the object being opened:
+**
+** <ul>
+** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
+** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
+** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
+** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
+** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
+** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
+** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
+** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
+** </ul>)^
+**
+** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
+** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
+** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
+** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
+** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
+** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
+** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
+** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
+**
+** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
+**
+** <ul>
+** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
+** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
+** </ul>
+**
+** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
+** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
+** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
+** databases, and subjournals.
+**
+** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
+** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
+** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
+** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the 
+** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
+** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
+** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened 
+** for exclusive access.
+**
+** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
+** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
+** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
+** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
+** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
+** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
+** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
+** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
+** or failure of the xOpen call.
+**
+** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
+** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
+** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
+** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
+** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
+** directory.
+**
+** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
+** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
+** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
+** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
+** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
+** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
+**
+** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
+** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
+** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
+** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
+** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
+** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
+** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
+** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
+** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
+** a floating point value.
+** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
+** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in 
+** a 24-hour day).  
+** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
+** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or 
+** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
+** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
+**
+** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
+** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
+** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding 
+** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
+** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
+** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
+** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
+** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
+** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
+** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
+** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
+typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
+struct sqlite3_vfs {
+  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
+  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
+  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
+  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
+  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
+  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
+  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
+               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
+  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
+  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
+  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
+  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
+  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
+  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
+  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
+  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
+  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
+  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
+  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
+  /*
+  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
+  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
+  */
+  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
+  /*
+  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
+  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
+  */
+  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
+  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
+  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
+  /*
+  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
+  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
+  ** value will increment whenever this happens. 
+  */
+};
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
+**
+** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
+** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
+** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
+** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
+** simply checks whether the file exists.
+** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
+** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
+** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
+** the directory).
+** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
+** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
+** release of SQLite.
+** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
+** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
+** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
+** SQLite.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
+#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
+#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
+**
+** These integer constants define the various locking operations
+** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
+** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
+** xShmLock method:
+**
+** <ul>
+** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
+** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
+** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
+** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
+** </ul>
+**
+** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
+** was given on the corresponding lock.  
+**
+** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
+** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
+** and EXCLUSIVE.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
+#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
+#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
+#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
+**
+** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
+** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
+** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
+** lock outside of this range
+*/
+#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
+
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
+** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
+** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
+** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
+** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
+** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
+**
+** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
+** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
+** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
+** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
+** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
+** are harmless no-ops.)^
+**
+** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
+** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
+** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
+** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
+**
+** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
+** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
+** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
+** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
+** sqlite3_shutdown().
+**
+** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
+** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
+** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
+** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
+** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
+** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
+** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
+** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
+** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
+** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
+** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
+** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
+** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
+** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
+** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
+** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
+** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
+** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
+** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
+**
+** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
+** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
+** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
+** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
+** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
+** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
+** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
+**
+** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
+** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
+** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
+** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
+** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
+** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
+** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
+** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
+** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
+** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
+** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
+** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
+** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
+** failure.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
+**
+** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
+** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
+** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
+** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
+** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
+**
+** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
+** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
+** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
+**
+** The sqlite3_config() interface
+** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
+** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
+** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
+** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
+** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
+** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
+**
+** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
+** [configuration option] that determines
+** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
+** vary depending on the [configuration option]
+** in the first argument.
+**
+** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
+** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
+** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
+** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
+** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
+** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
+**
+** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
+** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code 
+** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
+** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
+**
+** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
+** the call is considered successful.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
+**
+** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
+** and low-level memory allocation routines.
+**
+** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
+** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
+** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].  
+** By creating an instance of this object
+** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
+** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
+** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
+** dynamic memory needs.
+**
+** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
+** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
+** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
+** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
+** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
+** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
+** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
+** conditions.
+**
+** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
+** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
+** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
+** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
+**
+** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
+** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
+** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
+**
+** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
+** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
+** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
+** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
+** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
+** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0, 
+** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
+**
+** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
+** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
+** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
+** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
+** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
+** xInit and xShutdown.
+**
+** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
+** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
+** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
+** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
+** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
+** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
+** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
+** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
+** serialization.
+**
+** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
+** call to xShutdown().
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
+struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
+  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
+  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
+  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
+  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
+  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
+  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
+  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
+  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
+};
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
+** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
+**
+** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
+** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
+**
+** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
+** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
+** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
+** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
+** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
+** is invoked.
+**
+** <dl>
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
+** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
+** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
+** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
+** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
+** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
+** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
+** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return 
+** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
+** configuration option.</dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
+** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
+** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
+** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
+** The application is responsible for serializing access to
+** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
+** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
+** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
+** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
+** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
+** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
+** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
+** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
+** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
+** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
+** all mutexes including the recursive
+** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
+** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
+** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
+** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
+** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
+** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
+** ^If SQLite is compiled with
+** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
+** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
+** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
+** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
+** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is 
+** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
+** The argument specifies
+** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
+** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
+** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
+** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
+** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
+** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
+** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
+** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
+** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
+** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
+** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
+** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
+** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
+** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
+** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
+**   <ul>
+**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
+**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
+**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
+**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
+**   </ul>)^
+** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
+** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
+** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
+** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option specifies a static memory buffer
+** that SQLite can use for scratch memory.  ^(There are three arguments
+** to SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH:  A pointer an 8-byte
+** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
+** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
+** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).)^
+** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
+** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
+** ^SQLite will not use more than one scratch buffers per thread.
+** ^SQLite will never request a scratch buffer that is more than 6
+** times the database page size.
+** ^If SQLite needs needs additional
+** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then 
+** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.<p>
+** ^When the application provides any amount of scratch memory using
+** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary large
+** [sqlite3_malloc|heap allocations].
+** This can help [Robson proof|prevent memory allocation failures] due to heap
+** fragmentation in low-memory embedded systems.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
+** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
+** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
+** cache implementation.  
+** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-define page
+** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
+** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
+** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
+** and the number of cache lines (N).
+** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
+** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
+** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
+** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
+** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
+** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
+** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
+** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
+** subsequent behavior is undefined.
+** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
+** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
+** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
+** is exhausted.
+** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
+** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
+** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
+** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
+** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
+** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
+** additional cache line. </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
+** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer 
+** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
+** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
+** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
+** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
+** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
+** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
+** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
+** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
+** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
+** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
+** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
+** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
+** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
+** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
+** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
+** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
+** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
+** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
+** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
+** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
+** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
+** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
+** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
+** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
+** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
+** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
+** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
+** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
+** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
+** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
+** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
+** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
+** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
+** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
+** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
+** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
+** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
+** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
+** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
+** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
+** The first argument is the
+** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
+** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
+** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
+** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
+** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
+** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is 
+** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
+** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
+** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
+** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
+** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
+** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
+** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
+** global [error log].
+** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
+** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*), 
+** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
+** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
+** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
+** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
+** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
+** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
+** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
+** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
+** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
+** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
+** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
+** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
+** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
+** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
+** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
+** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
+** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
+** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
+** [sqlite3_open16()] or
+** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
+** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
+** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
+** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
+** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
+** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
+** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
+** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
+** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
+** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
+** ^The default setting is determined
+** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
+** if that compile-time option is omitted.
+** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
+** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
+** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
+** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
+** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
+** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
+** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
+** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
+** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
+** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
+** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
+** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
+** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
+** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
+** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
+** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
+** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
+** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
+** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
+** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
+** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
+** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
+** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
+** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
+** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
+** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
+** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
+** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
+** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
+** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
+** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
+** changed to its compile-time default.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
+** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
+** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
+** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
+** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
+** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
+** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
+** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
+** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
+** target platform, and SQLite version.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
+** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
+** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
+** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
+** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
+** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
+** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
+** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
+** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
+** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
+** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.  
+** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
+** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
+** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
+** exclusively in memory.
+** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
+** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
+** I/O required to support statement rollback.
+** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
+** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
+** </dl>
+*/
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
+/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */ 
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
+**
+** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
+** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
+**
+** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
+** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
+** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
+** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
+** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
+** is invoked.
+**
+** <dl>
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
+** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the 
+** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
+** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
+** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
+** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
+** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
+** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
+** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
+** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
+** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
+** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
+** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
+** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
+** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
+** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
+** when the "current value" returned by
+** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
+** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
+** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns 
+** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
+** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
+** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
+** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
+** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
+** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
+** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
+** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
+** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
+** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
+** There should be two additional arguments.
+** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
+** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
+** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
+** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
+** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
+** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
+** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the two-argument
+** version of the [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
+** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
+** There should be two additional arguments.
+** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
+** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
+** unchanged.
+** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
+** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
+** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
+** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
+** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
+** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
+** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
+** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
+** There should be two additional arguments.
+** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
+** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
+** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
+** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
+** C-API or the SQL function.
+** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
+** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
+** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
+** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
+** </dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
+** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
+** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
+** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
+** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
+** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
+** until after the database connection closes.
+** </dd>
+**
+** </dl>
+*/
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
+
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
+** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
+** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
+** has a unique 64-bit signed
+** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
+** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
+** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
+** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
+** is another alias for the rowid.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface returns the [rowid] of the 
+** most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
+** on database connection D.
+** ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not recorded.
+** ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables
+** have ever occurred on the database connection D, 
+** then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns zero.
+**
+** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
+** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
+** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
+** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned 
+** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
+** table method began.)^
+**
+** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
+** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
+** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
+** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
+** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
+** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
+** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
+** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
+** the return value of this interface.)^
+**
+** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
+** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
+**
+** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
+** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
+**
+** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
+** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
+** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
+** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
+** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
+** last insert [rowid].
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
+** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
+** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
+** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
+** returned by this function.
+**
+** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
+** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers], 
+** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
+** 
+** Changes to a view that are intercepted by 
+** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value 
+** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or 
+** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real 
+** tables are counted.
+**
+** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
+** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
+** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
+** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
+** 
+** <ul>
+**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
+**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program 
+**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
+** 
+**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE 
+**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes() 
+**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include 
+**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes() 
+**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
+** </ul>
+** 
+** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
+** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it 
+** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
+** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger 
+** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the 
+** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
+**
+** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
+** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
+**
+** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
+** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
+** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
+** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
+** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
+** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
+** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
+** 
+** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
+** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
+** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers 
+** are not counted.
+** 
+** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
+** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
+**
+** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
+** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
+** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
+** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
+** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
+** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
+** immediately.
+**
+** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
+** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
+** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
+** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
+**
+** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
+** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
+** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
+**
+** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
+** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
+** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
+** will be rolled back automatically.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
+** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
+** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the 
+** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
+** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
+** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
+** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
+** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
+** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
+** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
+**
+** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
+** is running then bad things will likely happen.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
+**
+** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
+** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
+** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
+** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
+** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
+** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
+** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
+** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
+** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
+** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
+** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
+**
+** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
+** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
+**
+** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
+** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
+**
+** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior 
+** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
+** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
+** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
+** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
+**
+** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
+** UTF-8 string.
+**
+** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
+** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
+** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
+** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
+** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
+** [database connection] D when another thread
+** or process has the table locked.
+** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
+** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
+**
+** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
+** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
+** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
+**
+** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
+** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
+** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
+** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
+** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
+** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
+** to the application.
+** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
+** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
+**
+** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
+** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
+** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
+** to the application instead of invoking the 
+** busy handler.
+** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
+** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
+** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
+** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
+** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
+** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
+** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
+** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
+** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
+** the second process to proceed.
+**
+** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
+**
+** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
+** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
+** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
+** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
+** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
+**
+** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
+** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
+** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
+** result in undefined behavior.
+** 
+** A busy handler must not close the database connection
+** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
+** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
+** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
+** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
+** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
+** [SQLITE_BUSY].
+**
+** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
+** turns off all busy handlers.
+**
+** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
+** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
+** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
+** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
+**
+** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
+** Use of this interface is not recommended.
+**
+** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
+** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
+** complete query results from one or more queries.
+**
+** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
+** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
+** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
+** and M be the number of columns.
+**
+** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
+** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
+** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
+** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
+** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
+** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
+**
+** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
+** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
+** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
+**
+** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
+** is as follows:
+**
+** <blockquote><pre>
+**        Name        | Age
+**        -----------------------
+**        Alice       | 43
+**        Bob         | 28
+**        Cindy       | 21
+** </pre></blockquote>
+**
+** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
+** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
+** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
+**
+** <blockquote><pre>
+**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
+**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
+**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
+**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
+**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
+**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
+**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
+**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
+** </pre></blockquote>)^
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
+** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
+** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
+** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
+**
+** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
+** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
+** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
+** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
+** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
+** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
+**
+** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
+** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
+** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
+** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
+** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
+** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
+** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_table(
+  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
+  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
+  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
+  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
+  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
+  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
+);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
+**
+** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
+** from the standard C library.
+** These routines understand most of the common K&R formatting options,
+** plus some additional non-standard formats, detailed below.
+** Note that some of the more obscure formatting options from recent
+** C-library standards are omitted from this implementation.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
+** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
+** The strings returned by these two routines should be
+** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
+** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
+** memory to hold the resulting string.
+**
+** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
+** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
+** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
+** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
+** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
+** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
+** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
+** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
+** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
+** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
+** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
+** now without breaking compatibility.
+**
+** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
+** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
+** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
+** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
+** written will be n-1 characters.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
+**
+** These routines all implement some additional formatting
+** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
+** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
+** is are "%q", "%Q", "%w" and "%z" options.
+**
+** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
+** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
+** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
+** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
+** the string.
+**
+** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
+**
+** <blockquote><pre>
+**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
+** </pre></blockquote>
+**
+** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
+**
+** <blockquote><pre>
+**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
+**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
+**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
+** </pre></blockquote>
+**
+** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
+** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
+**
+** <blockquote><pre>
+**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
+** </pre></blockquote>
+**
+** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
+** would have looked like this:
+**
+** <blockquote><pre>
+**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
+** </pre></blockquote>
+**
+** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
+** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
+**
+** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
+** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
+** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
+** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
+**
+** <blockquote><pre>
+**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
+**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
+**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
+** </pre></blockquote>
+**
+** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
+** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
+**
+** ^(The "%w" formatting option is like "%q" except that it expects to
+** be contained within double-quotes instead of single quotes, and it
+** escapes the double-quote character instead of the single-quote
+** character.)^  The "%w" formatting option is intended for safely inserting
+** table and column names into a constructed SQL statement.
+**
+** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
+** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
+** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
+*/
+SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
+SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
+SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
+SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
+**
+** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
+** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
+** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
+** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
+** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
+** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
+** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
+** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
+** a NULL pointer.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
+** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
+** of a signed 32-bit integer.
+**
+** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
+** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
+** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
+** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
+** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
+** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
+** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
+** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
+** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
+** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
+** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
+** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
+** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
+** sqlite3_malloc(N).
+** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
+** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
+** sqlite3_free(X).
+** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
+** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
+** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
+** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
+** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
+** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
+** prior allocation is not freed.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
+** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
+** of a 32-bit signed integer.
+**
+** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
+** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
+** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
+** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
+** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
+** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
+** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
+** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
+** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
+**
+** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
+** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
+** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
+** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
+** option is used.
+**
+** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
+** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
+** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
+** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
+**
+** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
+** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
+** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
+** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
+** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
+** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
+** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
+**
+** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
+** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
+** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
+** not yet been released.
+**
+** The application must not read or write any part of
+** a block of memory after it has been released using
+** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void*);
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
+**
+** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
+** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
+** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
+**
+** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
+** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
+** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
+** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
+** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
+** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
+** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
+** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
+** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
+**
+** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
+** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
+** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
+** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
+** prior to the reset.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
+**
+** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
+** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
+** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
+** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
+** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
+**
+** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
+** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
+**
+** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
+** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
+** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
+** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
+** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
+** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
+** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
+** method.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
+** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
+** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
+** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
+** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
+** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
+** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
+** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
+** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
+** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
+** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
+** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
+** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
+** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
+** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
+**
+** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
+** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
+** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
+** access is denied. 
+**
+** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
+** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
+** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
+** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
+** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
+** details about the action to be authorized.
+**
+** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
+** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
+** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
+** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
+** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
+** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
+** columns of a table.
+** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
+** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
+** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
+**
+** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
+** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
+** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
+** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
+** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
+** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
+** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
+** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
+** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
+** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
+**
+** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
+** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
+** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
+** in addition to using an authorizer.
+**
+** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
+** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
+** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
+** The authorizer is disabled by default.
+**
+** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
+** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
+** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
+** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
+**
+** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
+** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a 
+** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
+** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
+**
+** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
+** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
+** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
+** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
+** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
+  sqlite3*,
+  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
+  void *pUserData
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
+**
+** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
+** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
+** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
+** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
+** information.
+**
+** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
+** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
+#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
+**
+** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
+** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
+** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
+** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
+** the authorizer callback may be passed.
+**
+** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
+** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
+** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
+** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
+** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
+** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
+** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
+** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
+** top-level SQL code.
+*/
+/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
+#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
+#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
+#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
+#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
+#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
+#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
+#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
+#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
+#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
+#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
+#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
+#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
+#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
+#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
+#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
+#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
+#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
+#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
+#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
+#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
+#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
+#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
+#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
+#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
+#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
+#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
+#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
+#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
+#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
+#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
+#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
+#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
+#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
+#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
+** instead of the routines described here.
+**
+** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
+** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
+**
+** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
+** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
+** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
+** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
+** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
+** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
+** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
+**
+** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
+** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
+**
+** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
+** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
+** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
+** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
+** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
+** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
+** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
+** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
+** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
+** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
+*/
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
+   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
+   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
+** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
+**
+** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
+** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The third argument
+** to [sqlite3_trace_v2()] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
+** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
+** is one of the following constants.
+**
+** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
+**
+** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
+** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
+** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
+** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
+** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
+**
+** <dl>
+** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
+** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
+** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
+** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
+** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
+** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
+** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment 
+** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
+** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
+** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
+** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
+** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
+** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
+** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
+** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
+** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
+** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
+** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
+** statement generates a single row of result.  
+** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
+** X argument is unused.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
+** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
+** connection closes.
+** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
+** and the X argument is unused.
+** </dl>
+*/
+#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
+#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
+#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
+#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
+** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
+** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
+** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
+** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
+** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
+**
+** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides 
+** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
+**
+** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by 
+** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
+** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
+** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
+**
+** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
+** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
+** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
+** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
+** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
+**
+** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
+** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
+** are deprecated.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_trace_v2(
+  sqlite3*,
+  unsigned uMask,
+  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
+  void *pCtx
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
+** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
+** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
+** database connection D.  An example use for this
+** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
+**
+** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the 
+** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of 
+** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
+** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
+** handler is disabled.
+**
+** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
+** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
+** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
+** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
+** than 1.
+**
+** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
+** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
+** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
+**
+** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
+** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
+** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
+** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
+**
+*/
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
+** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
+**
+** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the 
+** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
+** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
+** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
+** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
+** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
+** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
+** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
+** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
+** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
+** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
+** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
+**
+** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
+** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
+** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
+**
+** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
+** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
+** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
+**
+** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
+** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
+** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
+** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
+** the following three values, optionally combined with the 
+** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
+** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
+**
+** <dl>
+** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
+** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
+** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
+**
+** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
+** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
+** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
+** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
+**
+** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
+** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
+** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
+** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
+** </dl>
+**
+** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
+** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
+** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
+** then the behavior is undefined.
+**
+** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
+** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
+** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
+** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
+** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
+** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
+** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
+** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
+** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
+** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
+** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
+**
+** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
+** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
+** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
+** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
+**
+** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
+** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
+** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
+** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
+** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
+** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
+** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
+**
+** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
+** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
+** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
+**
+** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
+**
+** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
+** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
+** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
+** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
+** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
+** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
+** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
+** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
+** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
+** information.
+**
+** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
+** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string 
+** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an 
+** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if 
+** present, is ignored.
+**
+** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
+** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character, 
+** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin 
+** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
+** then the path is interpreted as a relative path. 
+** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path 
+** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
+**
+** [[core URI query parameters]]
+** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
+** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
+** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
+** following query parameters:
+**
+** <ul>
+**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
+**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
+**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
+**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
+**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
+**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
+**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
+**
+**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
+**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
+**     an error)^. 
+**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only 
+**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the 
+**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to 
+**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create) 
+**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had 
+**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both 
+**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
+**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
+**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
+**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
+**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
+**
+**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
+**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
+**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
+**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is 
+**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
+**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
+**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
+**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
+**
+**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
+**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
+**     storage media on which the database file resides.
+**
+**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
+**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
+**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
+**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
+**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
+**     processes uses nolock=1.
+**
+**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
+**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
+**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
+**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
+**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
+**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
+**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
+**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
+**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
+**       
+** </ul>
+**
+** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
+** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
+** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
+** additional information.
+**
+** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
+**
+** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
+** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
+** <tr><td> file:data.db <td> 
+**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
+** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
+**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br> 
+**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td> 
+**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
+** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td> 
+**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
+** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap"> 
+**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
+**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
+**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly 
+**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
+**          in URI filenames.
+** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td> 
+**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
+**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
+**          default, use a private cache.
+** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
+**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
+**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
+** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td> 
+**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
+** </table>
+**
+** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
+** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
+** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits 
+** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
+** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all 
+** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
+** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
+** the results are undefined.
+**
+** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
+** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
+** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
+** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
+** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
+**
+** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
+** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
+** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open(
+  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
+  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
+);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open16(
+  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
+  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
+);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(
+  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
+  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
+  int flags,              /* Flags */
+  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
+**
+** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
+** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query 
+** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
+**
+** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of 
+** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or 
+** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
+** P is the name of the query parameter, then
+** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
+** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a 
+** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
+** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
+** a pointer to an empty string.
+**
+** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
+** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
+** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
+** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
+** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The 
+** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
+** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
+** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
+** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
+** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
+**
+** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
+** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
+** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
+** zero is returned.
+** 
+** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
+** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
+** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
+** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
+** undesirable.
+*/
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
+
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with 
+** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
+** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
+** API call.
+** If the most recent API call was successful,
+** then the return value from sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
+** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
+** interface is the same except that it always returns the 
+** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
+** disabled.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
+** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
+** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
+** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
+** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
+** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
+** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
+** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
+** and must not be freed by the application)^.
+**
+** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
+** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
+** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
+** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
+** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
+** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
+** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
+** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
+** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
+**
+** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
+** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
+** error code and message may or may not be set.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
+SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
+** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
+**
+** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
+** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
+**
+** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
+** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object 
+** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
+** prepared statement before it can be run.
+**
+** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
+**
+** <ol>
+** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
+** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
+**      interfaces.
+** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
+** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
+**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
+** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
+** </ol>
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
+** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
+** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
+** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
+** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
+** new limit for that construct.)^
+**
+** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
+** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a 
+** [limits | hard upper bound]
+** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
+** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
+** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
+** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
+** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
+**
+** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the 
+** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
+** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
+** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
+**
+** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
+** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
+** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
+** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
+** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
+** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
+** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
+** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
+** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
+** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
+** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
+** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
+**
+** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
+** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
+**
+** These constants define various performance limits
+** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
+** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
+** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
+**
+** <dl>
+** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
+** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
+** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
+** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
+** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
+** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
+** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
+** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
+** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
+** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
+** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
+** SQLite.</dd>)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
+** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
+** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
+** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
+** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
+** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
+** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
+** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
+** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
+** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
+** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
+** </dl>
+*/
+#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
+#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
+#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
+#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
+#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
+#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
+#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
+#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
+#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
+#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
+#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
+#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
+** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
+** program using one of these routines.
+**
+** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
+** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
+** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
+**
+** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
+** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
+** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
+** use UTF-16.
+**
+** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
+** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
+** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
+** statement is generated.
+** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
+** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
+** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
+** the nul-terminator.
+**
+** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
+** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
+** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
+** what remains uncompiled.
+**
+** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
+** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
+** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
+** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
+** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
+** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
+** ppStmt may not be NULL.
+**
+** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
+** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
+**
+** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
+** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
+** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
+** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
+** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
+** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
+** behave differently in three ways:
+**
+** <ol>
+** <li>
+** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
+** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
+** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
+** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
+** </li>
+**
+** <li>
+** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
+** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
+** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
+** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
+** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
+** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
+** </li>
+**
+** <li>
+** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the 
+** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
+** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been 
+** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
+** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter]. 
+** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the 
+** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
+** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
+** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
+** </li>
+** </ol>
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(
+  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
+  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
+  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
+  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
+);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
+  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
+  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
+  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
+  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
+);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
+  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
+  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
+  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
+  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
+);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
+  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
+  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
+  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
+  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
+** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
+** created by either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
+** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
+** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
+** [bound parameters] expanded.
+**
+** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
+** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
+** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
+** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
+** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
+** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
+** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
+**
+** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
+** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
+** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
+**
+** ^The string returned by sqlite3_sql(P) is managed by SQLite and is
+** automatically freed when the prepared statement is finalized.
+** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
+** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
+** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
+SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
+** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
+** the content of the database file.
+**
+** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
+** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.  
+** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that 
+** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
+** change the database file through side-effects:
+**
+** <blockquote><pre>
+**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
+** </pre></blockquote>
+**
+** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
+** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
+**
+** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
+** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
+** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
+** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the 
+** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
+** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
+** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make 
+** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
+** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using 
+** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
+** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
+** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
+** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a 
+** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
+** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
+**
+** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
+** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database 
+** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
+** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared 
+** statements that are holding a transaction open.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
+** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
+**
+** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
+** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
+** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
+** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
+**
+** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
+** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
+** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
+** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
+** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
+** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new 
+** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
+**
+** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
+** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
+** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
+** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
+** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
+** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes 
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
+** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
+** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
+** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
+** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
+** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
+** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
+** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
+** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
+** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
+** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
+** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
+** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
+*/
+typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
+**
+** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
+** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
+** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
+** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
+** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
+** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
+** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
+** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
+** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
+** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
+** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
+** templates:
+**
+** <ul>
+** <li>  ?
+** <li>  ?NNN
+** <li>  :VVV
+** <li>  @VVV
+** <li>  $VVV
+** </ul>
+**
+** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
+** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
+** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
+** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
+**
+** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
+** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
+**
+** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
+** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
+** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
+** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
+** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
+** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
+** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
+** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
+** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
+**
+** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
+** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
+** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
+** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
+**
+** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
+** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
+** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
+** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
+** is negative, then the length of the string is
+** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
+** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
+** the behavior is undefined.
+** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
+** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
+** that parameter must be the byte offset
+** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
+** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than 
+** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
+** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
+** with embedded NULs is undefined.
+**
+** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
+** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
+** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
+** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
+** ^If the fifth argument is
+** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
+** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
+** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
+** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
+** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
+**
+** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
+** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
+** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
+** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
+** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
+** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
+** is undefined.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
+** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
+** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
+** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
+** content is later written using
+** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
+** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
+**
+** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
+** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
+** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
+** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
+** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
+** result is undefined and probably harmful.
+**
+** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
+** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
+** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
+** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
+** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
+** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
+** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
+** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
+** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
+                        void(*)(void*));
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
+                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
+** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
+** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
+** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
+** to the parameters at a later time.
+**
+** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
+** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
+** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
+** there may be gaps in the list.)^
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
+** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
+** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
+** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
+** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
+** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
+** respectively.
+** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
+** is included as part of the name.)^
+** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
+** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
+**
+** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
+**
+** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
+** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
+** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
+** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
+** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
+** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
+** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
+** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
+** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
+** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
+** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
+** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
+** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
+** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
+** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
+** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
+** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
+** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
+** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
+** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
+** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
+** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
+** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
+**
+** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
+** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
+** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
+** or until the next call to
+** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
+**
+** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
+** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
+** NULL pointer is returned.
+**
+** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
+** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
+** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
+** one release of SQLite to the next.
+*/
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
+SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
+** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
+** [SELECT] statement.
+** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
+** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
+** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
+** the origin_ routines return the column name.
+** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
+** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
+** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
+** or until the same information is requested
+** again in a different encoding.
+**
+** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
+** database, table, and column.
+**
+** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
+** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
+** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
+** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
+**
+** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
+** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
+** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
+** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
+** or column that query result column was extracted from.
+**
+** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
+** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
+**
+** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
+** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
+**
+** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
+** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
+** undefined.
+**
+** If two or more threads call one or more
+** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
+** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
+** at the same time then the results are undefined.
+*/
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
+** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
+** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
+** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
+** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
+** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
+** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
+**
+** ^(For example, given the database schema:
+**
+** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
+**
+** and the following statement to be compiled:
+**
+** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
+**
+** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
+** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
+**
+** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
+** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
+** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
+** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
+** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
+** used to hold those values.
+*/
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
+** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
+** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
+**
+** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
+** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
+** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
+** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
+** interface will continue to be supported.
+**
+** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
+** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
+** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
+** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
+**
+** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
+** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
+** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
+** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
+** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
+** continuing.
+**
+** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
+** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
+** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
+** machine back to its initial state.
+**
+** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
+** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
+** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
+** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
+**
+** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
+** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
+** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
+** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
+** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
+** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
+** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
+** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
+**
+** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
+** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
+** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
+** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
+** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
+** more threads at the same moment in time.
+**
+** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
+** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
+** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
+** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using 
+** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
+** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
+** sqlite3_step() began
+** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
+** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
+** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
+** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
+** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
+**
+** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
+** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
+** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
+** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
+** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
+** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
+** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
+** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
+** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
+** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
+** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
+** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
+** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
+** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
+** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
+** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
+** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
+** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
+** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
+** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
+** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
+** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
+** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
+**
+** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
+**
+** <ul>
+** <li> 64-bit signed integer
+** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
+** <li> string
+** <li> BLOB
+** <li> NULL
+** </ul>)^
+**
+** These constants are codes for each of those types.
+**
+** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
+** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
+** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
+** SQLITE_TEXT.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
+#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
+#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
+#define SQLITE_NULL     5
+#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
+# undef SQLITE_TEXT
+#else
+# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
+#endif
+#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
+** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
+** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
+** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
+** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
+** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
+** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
+** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
+** [sqlite3_column_count()].
+**
+** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
+** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
+** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
+** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
+** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
+** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
+** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
+** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
+** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
+** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
+** are pending, then the results are undefined.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
+** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
+** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
+** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
+** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
+** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
+** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
+** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
+** following a type conversion.
+**
+** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
+** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
+** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
+** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
+** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
+** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
+** the number of bytes in that string.
+** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
+**
+** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
+** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
+** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
+** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
+** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
+** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
+** the number of bytes in that string.
+** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
+**
+** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and 
+** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
+** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
+** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
+** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
+**
+** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
+** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
+** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
+**
+** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
+** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
+** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
+** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
+** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
+** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
+** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
+** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
+**
+** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
+** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
+** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
+** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
+** that are applied:
+**
+** <blockquote>
+** <table border="1">
+** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
+**
+** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
+** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
+** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
+** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
+** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
+** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
+** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
+** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
+** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
+** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
+** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
+** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
+** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
+** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
+** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
+** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
+** </table>
+** </blockquote>)^
+**
+** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
+** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
+** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
+** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
+** in the following cases:
+**
+** <ul>
+** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
+**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
+**      need to be added to the string.</li>
+** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
+**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
+**      to UTF-16.</li>
+** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
+**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
+**      to UTF-8.</li>
+** </ul>
+**
+** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
+** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
+** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
+** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
+** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
+**
+** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
+** in one of the following ways:
+**
+** <ul>
+**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
+**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
+**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
+** </ul>
+**
+** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
+** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
+** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
+** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
+** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
+** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
+** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
+**
+** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
+** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
+** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
+** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <em>not</em> pass the pointers returned
+** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
+** [sqlite3_free()].
+**
+** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
+** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
+** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
+** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
+** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
+*/
+SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
+** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
+** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
+** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
+** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
+** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
+** [extended error code].
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
+** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
+** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
+** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
+** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
+** completed execution.
+**
+** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
+**
+** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
+** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
+** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
+** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
+** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
+** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
+** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
+** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
+** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
+**
+** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
+** back to the beginning of its program.
+**
+** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
+** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
+** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
+** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
+**
+** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
+** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
+** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
+**
+** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
+** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
+** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
+** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
+** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
+** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
+** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
+** these routines are the text encoding expected for
+** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
+** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
+** the application data pointer.
+**
+** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
+** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
+** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
+** to each database connection separately.
+**
+** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
+** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
+** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
+** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.  
+** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
+** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
+**
+** ^The third parameter (nArg)
+** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
+** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
+** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
+** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
+** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
+** undefined.
+**
+** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
+** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
+** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
+** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes 
+** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
+** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
+** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
+** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
+** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
+** each encoding.
+** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
+** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
+**
+** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
+** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
+** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
+** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
+** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
+** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
+** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
+**
+** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
+** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
+**
+** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
+** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
+** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
+** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
+** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
+** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
+** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
+** callbacks.
+**
+** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
+** then it is destructor for the application data pointer. 
+** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
+** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
+** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
+** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
+** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
+** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data 
+** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
+**
+** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
+** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
+** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
+** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
+** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
+** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
+** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
+** matches the database encoding is a better
+** match than a function where the encoding is different.  
+** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
+** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
+** between UTF8 and UTF16.
+**
+** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
+**
+** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
+** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
+** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
+** statement in which the function is running.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  const char *zFunctionName,
+  int nArg,
+  int eTextRep,
+  void *pApp,
+  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
+  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
+  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
+);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function16(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  const void *zFunctionName,
+  int nArg,
+  int eTextRep,
+  void *pApp,
+  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
+  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
+  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
+);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  const char *zFunctionName,
+  int nArg,
+  int eTextRep,
+  void *pApp,
+  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
+  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
+  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
+  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
+**
+** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
+** text encodings supported by SQLite.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
+#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
+#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
+#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
+#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
+#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
+**
+** These constants may be ORed together with the 
+** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
+** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
+** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
+*/
+#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
+** DEPRECATED
+**
+** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
+** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue 
+** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
+** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
+** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
+                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
+#endif
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
+** METHOD: sqlite3_value
+**
+** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
+** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
+** the function or aggregate.  
+**
+** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
+** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
+** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
+** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
+** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
+** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
+** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
+**
+** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
+** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
+** object results in undefined behavior.
+**
+** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
+** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
+** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
+** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
+** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
+** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
+**
+** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
+** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
+** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
+** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
+** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
+** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
+** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
+**
+** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
+** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
+** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
+** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
+** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
+**
+** These routines must be called from the same thread as
+** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
+*/
+SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
+** METHOD: sqlite3_value
+**
+** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
+** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
+** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
+** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
+** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
+**
+** SQLite makes no use of subtype itself.  It merely passes the subtype
+** from the result of one [application-defined SQL function] into the
+** input of another.
+*/
+SQLITE_API unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
+** METHOD: sqlite3_value
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
+** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
+** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
+** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
+** memory allocation fails.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
+** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
+** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
+** METHOD: sqlite3_context
+**
+** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
+** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
+**
+** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called 
+** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
+** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
+** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
+** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
+** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
+** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
+** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
+** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
+** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
+** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
+** first time from within xFinal().)^
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer 
+** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
+** allocate error occurs.
+**
+** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
+** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
+** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
+** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
+** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
+** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no 
+** pointless memory allocations occur.
+**
+** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by 
+** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
+**
+** The first parameter must be a copy of the
+** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
+** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
+** function.
+**
+** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
+** the aggregate SQL function is running.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
+** METHOD: sqlite3_context
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
+** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
+** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
+** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
+** registered the application defined function.
+**
+** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
+** the application-defined function is running.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
+** METHOD: sqlite3_context
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
+** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
+** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
+** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
+** registered the application defined function.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
+** METHOD: sqlite3_context
+**
+** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
+** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
+** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
+** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
+** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
+** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
+** metadata associated with the pattern string.  
+** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
+** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
+** invocations of the same function.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
+** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
+** value to the application-defined function. ^If there is no metadata
+** associated with the function argument, this sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface
+** returns a NULL pointer.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
+** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
+** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
+** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
+** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
+** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
+** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
+** once, when the metadata is discarded.
+** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
+** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
+** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
+**      SQL statement)^, or
+** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
+**       parameter)^, or
+** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory 
+**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
+**
+** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in 
+** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
+** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
+** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
+** function implementation should not make any use of P after
+** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
+**
+** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
+** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
+** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
+**
+** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
+** the SQL function is running.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
+
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
+**
+** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
+** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
+** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
+** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
+** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
+** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
+** the content before returning.
+**
+** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
+** C++ compilers.
+*/
+typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
+#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
+#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
+** METHOD: sqlite3_context
+**
+** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
+** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
+** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
+** for additional information.
+**
+** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
+** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
+** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
+** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
+** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
+** third parameter.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
+** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
+** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
+** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
+** by its 2nd argument.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
+** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
+** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
+** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
+** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
+** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
+** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
+** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
+** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
+** message all text up through the first zero character.
+** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
+** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
+** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
+** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
+** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
+** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
+** modify the text after they return without harm.
+** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
+** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
+** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
+** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
+** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
+** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
+** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
+** value given in the 2nd argument.
+** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
+** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
+** value given in the 2nd argument.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
+** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
+** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
+** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
+** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
+** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
+** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
+** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
+** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
+** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
+** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
+** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
+** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
+** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
+** through the first zero character.
+** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
+** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
+** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
+** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
+** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
+** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
+** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
+** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
+** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
+** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
+** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
+** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
+** finished using that result.
+** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
+** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
+** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
+** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
+** when it has finished using that result.
+** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
+** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
+** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
+** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
+** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
+** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
+** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
+** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
+** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
+** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
+** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
+** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
+**
+** If these routines are called from within the different thread
+** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
+** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
+                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
+                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
+
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
+** METHOD: sqlite3_context
+**
+** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
+** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with 
+** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits 
+** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
+** higher order bits are discarded.
+** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
+** in future releases of SQLite.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
+** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
+**
+** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
+** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
+** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
+** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
+** considered to be the same name.
+**
+** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
+** <ul>
+** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
+** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
+** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
+** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
+** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
+** </ul>)^
+** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
+** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
+** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
+** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
+** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
+** on an even byte address.
+**
+** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
+** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
+**
+** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
+** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
+** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
+** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
+** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
+** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
+** that collation is no longer usable.
+**
+** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg 
+** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
+** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
+** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
+** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
+** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
+** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
+** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
+** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
+** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
+** strings A, B, and C:
+**
+** <ol>
+** <li> If A==B then B==A.
+** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
+** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
+** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
+** </ol>
+**
+** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
+** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
+** is undefined.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
+** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
+** the collating function is deleted.
+** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
+** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
+** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
+**
+** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the 
+** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
+** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should 
+** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
+** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
+** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency 
+** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards 
+** compatibility.
+**
+** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation(
+  sqlite3*, 
+  const char *zName, 
+  int eTextRep, 
+  void *pArg,
+  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
+);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
+  sqlite3*, 
+  const char *zName, 
+  int eTextRep, 
+  void *pArg,
+  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
+  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
+);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
+  sqlite3*, 
+  const void *zName,
+  int eTextRep, 
+  void *pArg,
+  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
+** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
+** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
+** sequence is required.
+**
+** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
+** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
+** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
+** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
+** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
+**
+** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
+** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
+** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
+** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
+** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
+** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
+** required collation sequence.)^
+**
+** The callback function should register the desired collation using
+** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
+** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(
+  sqlite3*, 
+  void*, 
+  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
+);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
+  sqlite3*, 
+  void*,
+  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
+);
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
+/*
+** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
+** called right after sqlite3_open().
+**
+** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
+** of SQLite.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key(
+  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
+  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
+);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key_v2(
+  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
+  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
+  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
+);
+
+/*
+** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
+** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
+** database is decrypted.
+**
+** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
+** of SQLite.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey(
+  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
+  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
+);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
+  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
+  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
+  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
+);
+
+/*
+** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless 
+** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_see(
+  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
+);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
+/*
+** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless 
+** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
+  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
+);
+#endif
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
+**
+** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
+** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
+**
+** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
+** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
+** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
+** requested from the operating system is returned.
+**
+** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
+** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
+** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
+** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
+** in the previous paragraphs.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
+**
+** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
+** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
+** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
+** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
+** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
+** temporary file directory.
+**
+** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
+** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
+** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
+** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
+** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
+** be avoided in new projects.
+**
+** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
+** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
+** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
+** thread.
+** It is intended that this variable be set once
+** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
+** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
+** thereafter.
+**
+** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
+** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
+** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
+** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from 
+** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
+** using [sqlite3_free].
+** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
+** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
+** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
+** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
+** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
+** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
+** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
+** objects have been destroyed.
+**
+** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
+** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
+** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
+** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
+**
+** <blockquote><pre>
+** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
+** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
+** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
+** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
+** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
+** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
+** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
+** </pre></blockquote>
+*/
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
+**
+** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
+** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
+** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
+** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
+** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
+** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
+** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
+** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
+** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
+**
+** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
+** open can result in a corrupt database.
+**
+** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
+** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
+** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
+** thread.
+** It is intended that this variable be set once
+** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
+** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
+** thereafter.
+**
+** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
+** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
+** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
+** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from 
+** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
+** using [sqlite3_free].
+** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
+** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
+** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
+*/
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
+** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
+** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
+** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
+** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
+** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
+**
+** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
+** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
+** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
+** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
+** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
+** an error is to use this function.
+**
+** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
+** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
+** is undefined.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
+** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
+** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
+** that was the first argument
+** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
+** create the statement in the first place.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
+** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
+** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
+** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
+** a NULL pointer is returned.
+**
+** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
+** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
+** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
+** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
+*/
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
+** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
+** the name of a database on connection D.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
+** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
+** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
+** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
+** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
+**
+** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
+** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
+** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
+** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
+** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
+** for the same database connection is overridden.
+** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
+** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
+** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
+** for the same database connection is overridden.
+** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
+** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
+** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
+** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
+** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
+** the first call for each function on D.
+**
+** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
+** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
+** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
+** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
+** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
+** or rollback hook in the first place.
+** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
+** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
+** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
+**
+** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
+**
+** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
+** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
+** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
+** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
+** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
+**
+** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
+** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
+** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
+** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
+** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
+**
+** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
+** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
+** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
+** a [rowid table].
+** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
+** for the same database connection is overridden.
+**
+** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
+** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
+** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
+** to sqlite3_update_hook().
+** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
+** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
+** to be invoked.
+** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
+** database and table name containing the affected row.
+** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
+** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
+**
+** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
+** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
+** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
+**
+** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
+** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
+** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
+** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
+** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
+** release of SQLite.
+**
+** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
+** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
+** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
+** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
+** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
+** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
+** returns the P argument from the previous call
+** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
+** the first call on D.
+**
+** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
+** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_update_hook(
+  sqlite3*, 
+  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
+  void*
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
+**
+** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
+** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
+** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
+** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
+**
+** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
+** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]). 
+** In prior versions of SQLite,
+** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
+**
+** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
+** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
+** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
+** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
+**
+** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
+** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
+**
+** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
+** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
+** cache setting should set it explicitly.
+**
+** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
+** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems, 
+** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via 
+** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
+**
+** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
+** 32-bit integer is atomic.
+**
+** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
+** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
+** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
+** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
+** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
+** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
+** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
+** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
+** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
+** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
+** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
+** omitted.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
+** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
+** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
+** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
+** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
+** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
+** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
+** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit 
+** is advisory only.
+**
+** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
+** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
+** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
+** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
+** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
+** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
+**
+** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
+**
+** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
+** if one or more of following conditions are true:
+**
+** <ul>
+** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
+** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
+**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
+**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
+** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
+**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
+** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
+**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
+**      from the heap.
+** </ul>)^
+**
+** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.7.3] ([dateof:3.7.3]), 
+** the soft heap limit is enforced
+** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
+** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
+** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
+** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
+** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
+** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
+** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
+** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
+**
+** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
+** changes in future releases of SQLite.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
+** DEPRECATED
+**
+** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
+** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
+** only.  All new applications should use the
+** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
+*/
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
+
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
+** information about column C of table T in database D
+** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
+** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
+** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
+** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
+** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
+** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
+** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
+** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
+** does not.
+**
+** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
+** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
+** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
+** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
+** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
+** resolve unqualified table references.
+**
+** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
+** name of the desired column, respectively.
+**
+** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
+** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
+** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
+**
+** ^(<blockquote>
+** <table border="1">
+** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
+**
+** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
+** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
+** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
+** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
+** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
+** </table>
+** </blockquote>)^
+**
+** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
+** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
+** call to any SQLite API function.
+**
+** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
+**
+** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table 
+** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
+** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
+** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
+** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
+** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
+**
+** <pre>
+**     data type: "INTEGER"
+**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
+**     not null: 0
+**     primary key: 1
+**     auto increment: 0
+** </pre>)^
+**
+** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
+** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
+** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
+  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
+  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
+  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
+  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
+  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
+  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
+  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
+  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
+  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
+** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
+** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
+** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
+** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
+** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
+** be tried also.
+**
+** ^The entry point is zProc.
+** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
+** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
+** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
+** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
+** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
+** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
+** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
+** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
+** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
+** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
+** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
+** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
+** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
+**
+** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
+** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
+** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
+** prior to calling this API,
+** otherwise an error will be returned.
+**
+** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the 
+** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
+** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
+** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
+** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
+** access to extension loading capabilities.
+**
+** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_load_extension(
+  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
+  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
+  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
+  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
+** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
+** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
+** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
+**
+** ^Extension loading is off by default.
+** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
+** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
+** it back off again.
+**
+** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
+** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
+** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
+** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
+**
+** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
+** be disabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
+** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
+** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
+** access to extension loading capabilities.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
+**
+** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
+** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
+** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
+** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
+**
+** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
+** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
+** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
+** entry point where as follows:
+**
+** <blockquote><pre>
+** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
+** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
+** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
+** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
+** &nbsp;  );
+** </pre></blockquote>)^
+**
+** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
+** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
+** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
+** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
+** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
+** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
+** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
+**
+** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
+** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
+** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
+** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
+**
+** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
+** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
+** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
+** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully 
+** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
+** routines.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
+**
+** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
+** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
+
+/*
+** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
+** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
+** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
+**
+** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
+** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
+*/
+
+/*
+** Structures used by the virtual table interface
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
+typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
+typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
+typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
+** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
+**
+** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module", 
+** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].  
+** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
+**
+** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
+** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
+** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
+** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
+** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
+** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
+** any database connection.
+*/
+struct sqlite3_module {
+  int iVersion;
+  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
+               int argc, const char *const*argv,
+               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
+  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
+               int argc, const char *const*argv,
+               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
+  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
+  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
+  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
+  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
+  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
+  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
+                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
+  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
+  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
+  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
+  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
+  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
+  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
+  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
+  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
+  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
+  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
+                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
+                       void **ppArg);
+  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
+  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those 
+  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
+  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
+  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
+  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
+};
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
+** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
+**
+** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
+** of the [virtual table] interface to
+** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
+** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
+** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
+** results into the **Outputs** fields.
+**
+** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
+**
+** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
+**
+** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
+** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
+** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
+** ^(The index of the column is stored in
+** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
+** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
+** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
+**
+** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
+** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
+** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
+** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
+** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
+**
+** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
+** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
+**
+** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
+** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
+** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
+** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
+** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
+** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
+** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
+** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
+** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to 
+** non-zero.
+**
+** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
+** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
+** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
+** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
+** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
+** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
+**
+** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
+** [xFilter] method.
+** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
+** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
+**
+** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
+** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
+** sorting step is required.
+**
+** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
+** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
+** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N) 
+** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
+** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
+**
+** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
+** will be returned by the strategy.
+**
+** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a 
+** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
+** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
+** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row. 
+**
+** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
+** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
+** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
+** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
+** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
+** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
+** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
+** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
+** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
+**
+** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
+** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]). 
+** If a virtual table extension is
+** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting 
+** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely 
+** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
+** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
+** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
+** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]). 
+** It may therefore only be used if
+** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
+** 3009000.
+*/
+struct sqlite3_index_info {
+  /* Inputs */
+  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
+  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
+     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
+     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
+     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
+     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
+  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
+  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
+  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
+     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
+     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
+  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
+  /* Outputs */
+  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
+    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
+    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
+  } *aConstraintUsage;
+  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
+  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
+  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
+  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
+  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
+  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
+  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
+  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
+  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
+  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
+  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
+};
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
+*/
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
+**
+** These macros defined the allowed values for the
+** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
+** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
+** a query that uses a [virtual table].
+*/
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ      2
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT      4
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE      8
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT     16
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE     32
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH  64
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE   65
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB   66
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP 67
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
+** ^Module names must be registered before
+** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
+** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
+**
+** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
+** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the 
+** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
+** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
+** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
+** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
+** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
+** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
+** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
+** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
+** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
+** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
+** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
+** destructor.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module(
+  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
+  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
+  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
+  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
+);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
+  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
+  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
+  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
+  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
+  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
+** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
+**
+** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
+** of this object to describe a particular instance
+** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
+** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
+** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
+** common to all module implementations.
+**
+** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
+** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
+** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
+** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
+** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
+** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
+*/
+struct sqlite3_vtab {
+  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
+  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
+  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
+  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
+};
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
+** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
+**
+** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
+** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
+** [virtual table] and are used
+** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
+** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
+** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
+** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
+** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
+** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
+**
+** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
+** are common to all implementations.
+*/
+struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
+  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
+  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
+};
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
+**
+** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
+** [virtual table module] call this interface
+** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
+** the virtual tables they implement.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
+** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].  
+** But global versions of those functions
+** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
+**
+** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
+** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
+** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
+** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
+** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
+** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
+** by a [virtual table].
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
+
+/*
+** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
+** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
+** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
+** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
+**
+** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
+** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
+*/
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
+** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
+**
+** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
+** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
+** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
+** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
+** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
+** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
+** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
+**
+** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
+** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
+** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
+**
+** <pre>
+**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
+** </pre>)^
+**
+** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but 
+** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
+** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
+** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
+** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
+**
+** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
+** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
+** read-only access.
+**
+** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
+** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
+** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
+** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()] 
+** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
+**
+** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
+** <ul>
+**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^, 
+**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^, 
+**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^, 
+**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
+**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
+**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
+**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
+**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE 
+**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
+**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled, 
+**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
+**         being opened for read/write access)^.
+** </ul>
+**
+** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the 
+** [database connection] error code and message accessible via 
+** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions. 
+**
+**
+** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
+** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
+** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
+** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
+** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
+** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
+** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
+** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
+** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
+** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
+**
+** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
+** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
+** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
+** blob.
+**
+** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
+** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a 
+** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
+**
+** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
+** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
+  sqlite3*,
+  const char *zDb,
+  const char *zTable,
+  const char *zColumn,
+  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
+  int flags,
+  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
+** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
+**
+** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
+** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
+** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
+** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
+** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
+** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
+**
+** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
+** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
+** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
+** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
+** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
+** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
+** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
+** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
+** always returns zero.
+**
+** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
+** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
+**
+** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
+** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the 
+** handle is still closed.)^
+**
+** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
+** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
+** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
+** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
+** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
+**
+** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
+** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine 
+** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to 
+** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
+** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the 
+** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
+** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
+**
+** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the 
+** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
+** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
+** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
+**
+** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
+** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
+** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
+** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
+** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
+**
+** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
+** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
+** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
+**
+** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
+** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
+** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
+** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
+** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
+**
+** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
+** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
+**
+** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
+** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
+**
+** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
+** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
+** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
+** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
+** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
+**
+** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
+** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
+** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
+**
+** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
+** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
+** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the 
+** [database connection] error code and message accessible via 
+** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions. 
+**
+** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
+** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
+** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
+**
+** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
+** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
+** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
+** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the 
+** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined 
+** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less 
+** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
+**
+** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
+** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
+** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
+** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
+** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
+** or by other independent statements.
+**
+** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
+** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
+** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
+** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
+**
+** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
+** that SQLite uses to interact
+** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
+** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
+** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
+** The following interfaces are provided.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
+** ^Names are case sensitive.
+** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
+** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
+** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
+**
+** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
+** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
+** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
+** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
+** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
+** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
+** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
+** then the behavior is undefined.
+**
+** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
+** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
+** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
+**
+** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
+** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
+** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
+** permitted to use any of these routines.
+**
+** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
+** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
+** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
+** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
+**
+** <ul>
+** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
+** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
+** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
+** </ul>
+**
+** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
+** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
+** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
+** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
+** and Windows.
+**
+** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
+** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
+** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
+** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
+** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
+** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
+** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
+** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
+** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
+** integer constants:
+**
+** <ul>
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
+** </ul>
+**
+** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
+** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
+** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
+** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
+** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
+** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
+** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
+** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
+** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
+** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
+**
+** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
+** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
+** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
+** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
+** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
+** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
+** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
+** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
+**
+** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
+** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
+** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
+** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
+** the same type number.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
+** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
+** mutex results in undefined behavior.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
+** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
+** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
+** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
+** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
+** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
+** In such cases, the
+** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
+** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
+** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
+**
+** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
+** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
+** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
+** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable 
+** behavior.)^
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
+** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
+** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
+** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
+**
+** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
+** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
+** behave as no-ops.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
+**
+** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
+** used to allocate and use mutexes.
+**
+** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
+** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
+** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
+** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
+** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
+** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
+** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
+** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
+** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
+**
+** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
+** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
+** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
+** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
+**
+** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
+** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
+** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
+** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
+** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
+** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
+**
+** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
+** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
+** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
+**
+** <ul>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
+** </ul>)^
+**
+** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
+** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
+** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
+** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
+** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
+** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
+** it is passed a NULL pointer).
+**
+** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
+** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
+** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
+** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
+**
+** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
+** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
+** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
+** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
+**
+** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
+** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
+** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
+** prior to returning.
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
+struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
+  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
+  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
+  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
+  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
+  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
+  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
+  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
+  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
+  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
+};
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
+**
+** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
+** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
+** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
+** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
+** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
+** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
+** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
+** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
+**
+** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
+** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
+**
+** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
+** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
+** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
+** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
+**
+** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
+** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
+** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
+** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
+** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
+** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
+** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
+** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
+*/
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
+#endif
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
+**
+** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
+** which is one of these integer constants.
+**
+** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
+** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
+** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that 
+** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
+** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
+** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
+** routine returns a NULL pointer.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
+** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
+** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
+** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
+** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
+** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
+** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
+** main database file.
+** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
+** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
+** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
+** method becomes the return value of this routine.
+**
+** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
+** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
+** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
+** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
+** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
+**
+** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
+** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
+** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
+** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
+** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
+** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
+** xFileControl method.
+**
+** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
+** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
+** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
+** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
+**
+** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
+** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
+** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
+**
+** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
+** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
+** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
+** operate consistently from one release to the next.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
+**
+** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
+** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
+**
+** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
+** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
+** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
+** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    25
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
+**
+** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
+** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
+** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
+** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
+** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
+** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
+** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
+** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
+** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
+** value.  For those parameters
+** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
+** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
+** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
+** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
+**
+** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
+** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
+** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status64(
+  int op,
+  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
+  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
+  int resetFlag
+);
+
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
+** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
+**
+** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
+** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
+**
+** <dl>
+** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
+** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
+** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
+** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
+** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
+** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
+** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
+** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
+** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
+** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
+** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
+** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
+** currently checked out.</dd>)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
+** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using 
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
+** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]] 
+** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
+** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
+** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
+** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
+** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
+** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
+** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
+** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
+** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
+** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
+** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
+** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
+** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
+** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
+** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
+** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
+** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
+** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
+** slots were available.
+** </dd>)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
+** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
+** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
+** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
+** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack. 
+** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
+** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
+** </dl>
+**
+** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information 
+** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
+** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
+** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
+** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
+** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of 
+** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
+** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
+**
+** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
+** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
+** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
+** reset back down to the current value.
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
+** non-zero [error code] on failure.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
+** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
+**
+** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
+** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
+**
+** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
+** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
+** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
+** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
+** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
+**
+** <dl>
+** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
+** checked out.</dd>)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were 
+** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
+** the current value is always zero.)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
+** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
+** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
+** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
+** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
+** the current value is always zero.)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
+** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
+** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
+** memory already being in use.
+** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
+** the current value is always zero.)^
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
+** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
+** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]] 
+** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
+** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
+** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
+** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
+** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
+** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
+** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
+** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
+** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
+** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
+** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^ 
+** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
+** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
+** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
+** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
+** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
+** the database connection.)^
+** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
+** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT 
+** is always 0.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
+** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS 
+** is always 0.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
+** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
+** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
+** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
+** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
+** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
+** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
+** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
+** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
+** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
+** </dd>
+** </dl>
+*/
+#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
+#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
+#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
+#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
+#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
+#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
+#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
+#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
+#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
+#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
+#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
+#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
+#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 11   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
+
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
+** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
+** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
+** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
+** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
+** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
+** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
+** an index.  
+**
+** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
+** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
+** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
+** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
+** to be interrogated.)^
+** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
+** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
+** interface call returns.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
+** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
+**
+** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
+** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
+** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
+**
+** <dl>
+** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
+** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
+** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
+** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through 
+** careful use of indices.</dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
+** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
+** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
+** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
+** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
+** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
+** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
+** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
+** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
+** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
+** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
+** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be 
+** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
+** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
+** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
+** </dd>
+** </dl>
+*/
+#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
+#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
+#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
+#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
+**
+** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
+** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
+** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
+** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
+** to the object.
+**
+** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
+**
+** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
+** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
+** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
+** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
+**
+** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
+struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
+  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
+  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
+};
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
+** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
+**
+** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
+** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an 
+** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
+** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by 
+** SQLite is used for the page cache.
+** By implementing a 
+** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
+** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which 
+** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to 
+** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for 
+** how long.
+**
+** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
+** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
+** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
+**
+** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
+** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
+** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
+** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
+**
+** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
+** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective 
+** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
+** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
+** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
+** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures 
+** required by the custom page cache implementation. 
+** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the 
+** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
+** page cache.)^
+**
+** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
+** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
+** It can be used to clean up 
+** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
+** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
+**
+** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
+** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
+** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
+** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
+** in multithreaded applications.
+**
+** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
+** call to xShutdown().
+**
+** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
+** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
+** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
+** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
+** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
+** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
+** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage 
+** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
+** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
+** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
+** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
+** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
+** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
+** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
+** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
+** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
+** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
+** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
+** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
+** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.  
+** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
+** never contain any unpinned pages.
+**
+** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
+** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
+** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
+** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
+** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
+** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
+** value; it is advisory only.
+**
+** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
+** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
+** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
+** 
+** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
+** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to 
+** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
+** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
+** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a 
+** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
+** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
+** for each entry in the page cache.
+**
+** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
+** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
+** to be "pinned".
+**
+** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
+** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
+** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
+** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
+** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
+**
+** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
+** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
+** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
+** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
+**                 Otherwise return NULL.
+** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
+**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
+** </table>
+**
+** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
+** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
+** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
+** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
+** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
+**
+** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
+** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
+** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
+** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
+** ^If the discard parameter is
+** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
+** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
+** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
+**
+** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single 
+** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls 
+** to xFetch().
+**
+** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
+** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
+** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
+** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
+** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
+** to be pinned.
+**
+** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
+** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
+** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
+** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
+** they can be safely discarded.
+**
+** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
+** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
+** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
+** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
+** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
+** functions.
+**
+** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
+** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
+** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
+** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
+** do their best.
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
+struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
+  int iVersion;
+  void *pArg;
+  int (*xInit)(void*);
+  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
+  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
+  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
+  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
+  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
+  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
+  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, 
+      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
+  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
+  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
+  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
+};
+
+/*
+** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
+** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
+** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
+struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
+  void *pArg;
+  int (*xInit)(void*);
+  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
+  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
+  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
+  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
+  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
+  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
+  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
+  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
+  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
+};
+
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
+**
+** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
+** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
+** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
+** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
+**
+** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
+**
+** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
+** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
+** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files. 
+**
+** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
+**
+** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
+** for the duration of the backup operation.
+** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
+** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
+** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
+** preventing other database connections from
+** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
+** 
+** ^(To perform a backup operation: 
+**   <ol>
+**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
+**         backup, 
+**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer 
+**         the data between the two databases, and finally
+**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources 
+**         associated with the backup operation. 
+**   </ol>)^
+** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
+** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
+**
+** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
+**
+** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the 
+** [database connection] associated with the destination database 
+** and the database name, respectively.
+** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
+** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
+** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
+** ^The S and M arguments passed to 
+** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
+** and database name of the source database, respectively.
+** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
+** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
+** an error.
+**
+** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if 
+** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the 
+** destination database.
+**
+** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
+** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
+** destination [database connection] D.
+** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
+** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
+** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
+** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
+** [sqlite3_backup] object.
+** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
+** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup 
+** operation.
+**
+** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
+**
+** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between 
+** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
+** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied. 
+** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
+** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
+** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
+** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
+** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
+** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
+** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
+** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
+** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
+**
+** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
+** <ol>
+** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
+** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
+** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
+** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
+** destination and source page sizes differ.
+** </ol>)^
+**
+** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
+** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
+** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the 
+** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then 
+** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
+** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
+** [database connection]
+** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
+** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
+** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
+** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
+** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then 
+** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These 
+** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept 
+** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle 
+** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
+**
+** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
+** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either 
+** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete 
+** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
+** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
+** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
+** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
+** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
+** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
+** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
+** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
+** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source 
+** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
+** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
+** updated at the same time.
+**
+** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
+**
+** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the 
+** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
+** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
+** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
+** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object. 
+** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
+** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
+** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
+** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
+**
+** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
+** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
+** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
+** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
+** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
+** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
+**
+** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
+** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
+** sqlite3_backup_finish().
+**
+** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
+** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
+** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
+** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
+** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
+** sqlite3_backup_step().
+** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
+** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
+** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
+** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
+** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
+** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
+**
+** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
+**
+** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
+** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
+** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
+** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
+** from within other threads.
+**
+** However, the application must guarantee that the destination 
+** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after 
+** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
+** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
+** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
+** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
+** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
+** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
+**
+** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
+** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
+** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
+** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being 
+** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
+** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
+**
+** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple 
+** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
+** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
+** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
+** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
+** possible that they return invalid values.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
+  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
+  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
+  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
+  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
+);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
+** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
+** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
+** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking. 
+** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke 
+** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
+** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
+** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
+**
+** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
+**
+** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
+** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back. 
+**
+** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
+** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
+** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
+** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an 
+** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
+** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as 
+** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
+** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
+** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
+** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
+**
+** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
+** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
+** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
+** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
+** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
+**
+** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
+** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
+** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of 
+** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
+**
+** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a 
+** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
+** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
+** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
+** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
+** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections 
+** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
+** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
+**
+** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
+** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
+** crash or deadlock may be the result.
+**
+** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
+** returns SQLITE_OK.
+**
+** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
+**
+** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a 
+** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
+** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
+** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
+** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
+** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
+**
+** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
+** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
+** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
+** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
+** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
+** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
+** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions 
+** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
+**
+** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
+**
+** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a 
+** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
+** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
+** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
+** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
+** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
+** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
+**
+** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
+** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
+** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
+** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
+** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
+** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
+** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
+** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
+** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
+** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
+** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
+** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
+**
+** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
+**
+** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost 
+** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
+** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
+** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
+** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
+** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
+** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
+** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
+** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
+**
+** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
+** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
+** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
+** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just 
+** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
+  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
+  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
+  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
+);
+
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
+**
+** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
+** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
+** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
+** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
+*
+** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
+** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
+** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
+** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
+** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
+** is case sensitive.
+**
+** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
+** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
+*
+** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
+** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
+** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
+** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
+** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
+** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
+** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
+** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
+** one another.
+**
+** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
+** only ASCII characters are case folded.
+**
+** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
+** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
+**
+** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
+** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
+** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
+** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
+**
+** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
+** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
+** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
+** is considered bad form.
+**
+** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
+**
+** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
+** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
+** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
+** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
+** buffer.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
+** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
+**
+** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and 
+** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation 
+** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
+**
+** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
+** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
+** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
+** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
+** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
+** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
+** including those that were just committed.
+**
+** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
+** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
+** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
+** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
+** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
+** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
+** are undefined.
+**
+** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback 
+** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
+** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
+** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
+** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
+** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
+  sqlite3*, 
+  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
+  void*
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
+** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
+** to automatically [checkpoint]
+** after committing a transaction if there are N or
+** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or 
+** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
+** checkpoints entirely.
+**
+** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
+** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
+** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
+** configured by this function.
+**
+** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
+** from SQL.
+**
+** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
+** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
+**
+** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
+** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
+** pages.  The use of this interface
+** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
+** for a particular application.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
+** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
+**
+** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the 
+** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
+** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
+** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
+** information.
+**
+** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
+** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
+** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
+** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
+** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
+** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
+** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
+** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
+** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
+**
+** <dl>
+** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
+**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database 
+**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames 
+**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
+**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.  
+**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
+**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
+**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
+**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
+**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
+**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
+**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
+**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
+**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
+**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the 
+**   [busy-handler callback])
+**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures 
+**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
+**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
+**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
+**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
+**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
+**   to a successful return.
+** </dl>
+**
+** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
+** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
+** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
+** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
+** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
+** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
+** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
+** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
+** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
+**
+** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
+** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the 
+** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a 
+** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
+**
+** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the 
+** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
+** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
+** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
+** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
+** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
+** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
+** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as 
+** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible 
+** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
+**
+** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
+** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to 
+** [database connection] db.  In this case the
+** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If 
+** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the 
+** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining 
+** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other 
+** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned 
+** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error 
+** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached 
+** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
+**
+** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
+** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
+** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
+** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
+**
+** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
+** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
+** sets the error information that is queried by
+** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
+**
+** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
+** from SQL.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
+  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
+  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
+  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
+  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
+  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
+** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
+**
+** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
+** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
+** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
+** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
+#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
+#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
+#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
+**
+** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
+** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
+** various facets of the virtual table interface.
+**
+** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
+** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
+**
+** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
+** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
+** may be added in the future.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
+**
+** These macros define the various options to the
+** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
+** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
+**
+** <dl>
+** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
+** <dd>Calls of the form
+** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
+** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
+** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
+** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
+** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
+** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
+** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
+** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
+**
+** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
+** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
+** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
+** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite 
+** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
+** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate. 
+** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
+** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
+** had been ABORT.
+**
+** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
+** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the 
+** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON 
+** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should 
+** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
+** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
+** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT 
+** constraint handling.
+** </dl>
+*/
+#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
+**
+** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
+** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
+** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
+** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
+** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
+** [virtual table].
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
+** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
+**
+** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
+** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
+** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
+**
+** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
+** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
+** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
+*/
+#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
+/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
+#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
+/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
+#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
+** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
+**
+** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
+** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
+** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
+**
+** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
+** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
+** S is finalized.
+**
+** <dl>
+** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
+** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
+** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
+** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
+** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
+** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
+** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
+** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
+** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
+** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
+** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
+** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
+** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
+** used for the X-th loop.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
+** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
+** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
+** description for the X-th loop.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
+** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
+** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
+** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
+** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
+** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
+** </dl>
+*/
+#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
+#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
+#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
+#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
+#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
+#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
+** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
+** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
+** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
+**
+** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
+** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
+** compile-time option.
+**
+** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
+** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
+** of this interface is undefined.
+** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
+** the "pOut" parameter.
+** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
+** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
+** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
+** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
+** points to is unchanged.
+**
+** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
+** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
+** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
+** that pOut points to unchanged.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
+  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
+  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
+  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
+);     
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
+**
+** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
+** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
+**
+** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
+** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
+** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out 
+** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
+** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
+** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
+** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
+** any [attached] databases.
+**
+** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages 
+** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained 
+** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
+** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
+** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
+** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
+** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
+** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
+**
+** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
+** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
+** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
+**
+** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
+**
+** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
+** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
+**
+** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
+** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
+**
+** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
+** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
+** on a [rowid table].
+** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
+** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
+** the previous setting.
+** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
+** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
+** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
+** the first parameter to callbacks.
+**
+** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to [rowid tables]; the preupdate
+** hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or [WITHOUT ROWID]
+** tables.
+**
+** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
+** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
+** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
+** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
+** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
+** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
+** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
+** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or 
+** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
+** databases.)^
+** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
+** table that is being modified.
+** ^The sixth parameter to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
+** row being changes for SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE changes and is
+** undefined for SQLITE_INSERT changes.
+** ^The seventh parameter to the preupdate callback is the final [rowid] of
+** the row being changed for SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_INSERT changes and is
+** undefined for SQLITE_DELETE changes.
+**
+** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
+** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
+** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
+** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
+** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
+** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
+** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
+** behavior.
+**
+** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
+** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
+**
+** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
+** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
+** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
+** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
+** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
+** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
+** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
+** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
+**
+** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
+** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
+** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
+** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
+** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
+** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
+** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
+** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
+**
+** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
+** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
+** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level 
+** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
+** triggers; and so forth.
+**
+** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
+*/
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  void(*xPreUpdate)(
+    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
+    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
+    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
+    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
+    char const *zName,            /* Table name */
+    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
+    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
+  ),
+  void*
+);
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
+**
+** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
+** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
+** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
+** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
+** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
+** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.  
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
+** KEYWORDS: {snapshot}
+** EXPERIMENTAL
+**
+** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
+** database for some specific point in history.
+**
+** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
+** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
+** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
+** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
+** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
+** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
+** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
+**
+** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
+** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
+** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
+** the most recent version.
+**
+** The constructor for this object is [sqlite3_snapshot_get()].  The
+** [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] method causes a fresh read transaction to refer
+** to an historical snapshot (if possible).  The destructor for 
+** sqlite3_snapshot objects is [sqlite3_snapshot_free()].
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot sqlite3_snapshot;
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
+** EXPERIMENTAL
+**
+** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
+** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
+** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
+** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
+** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
+** ^If schema S of [database connection] D is not a [WAL mode] database
+** that is in a read transaction, then [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)]
+** leaves the *P value unchanged and returns an appropriate [error code].
+**
+** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
+** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
+** to avoid a memory leak.
+**
+** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
+** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
+*/
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  const char *zSchema,
+  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
+** EXPERIMENTAL
+**
+** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface starts a
+** read transaction for schema S of
+** [database connection] D such that the read transaction
+** refers to historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most
+** recent change to the database.
+** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK on success
+** or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
+**
+** ^In order to succeed, a call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] must be
+** the first operation following the [BEGIN] that takes the schema S
+** out of [autocommit mode].
+** ^In other words, schema S must not currently be in
+** a transaction for [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] to work, but the
+** database connection D must be out of [autocommit mode].
+** ^A [snapshot] will fail to open if it has been overwritten by a
+** [checkpoint].
+** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
+** database connection D does not know that the database file for
+** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
+** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
+** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode] 
+** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
+** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
+** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
+**
+** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
+** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
+*/
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  const char *zSchema,
+  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
+** EXPERIMENTAL
+**
+** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
+** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
+** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
+**
+** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
+** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
+*/
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
+** EXPERIMENTAL
+**
+** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
+** of two valid snapshot handles. 
+**
+** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database 
+** file, the result of the comparison is undefined. 
+**
+** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
+** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
+** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
+** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
+** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the 
+** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function 
+** is undefined.
+**
+** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
+** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
+** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
+*/
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
+  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
+  sqlite3_snapshot *p2
+);
+
+/*
+** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
+** builds on processors without floating point support.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
+# undef double
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
+#endif
+#endif /* SQLITE3_H */
+
+/******** Begin file sqlite3rtree.h *********/
+/*
+** 2010 August 30
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+*/
+
+#ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
+#define _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry sqlite3_rtree_geometry;
+typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info sqlite3_rtree_query_info;
+
+/* The double-precision datatype used by RTree depends on the
+** SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY compile-time option.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
+  typedef sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
+#else
+  typedef double sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Register a geometry callback named zGeom that can be used as part of an
+** R-Tree geometry query as follows:
+**
+**   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zGeom(... params ...)
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  const char *zGeom,
+  int (*xGeom)(sqlite3_rtree_geometry*, int, sqlite3_rtree_dbl*,int*),
+  void *pContext
+);
+
+
+/*
+** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the first
+** argument to callbacks registered using rtree_geometry_callback().
+*/
+struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry {
+  void *pContext;                 /* Copy of pContext passed to s_r_g_c() */
+  int nParam;                     /* Size of array aParam[] */
+  sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;      /* Parameters passed to SQL geom function */
+  void *pUser;                    /* Callback implementation user data */
+  void (*xDelUser)(void *);       /* Called by SQLite to clean up pUser */
+};
+
+/*
+** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be 
+** used as part of an R-Tree geometry query as follows:
+**
+**   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zQueryFunc(... params ...)
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  const char *zQueryFunc,
+  int (*xQueryFunc)(sqlite3_rtree_query_info*),
+  void *pContext,
+  void (*xDestructor)(void*)
+);
+
+
+/*
+** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the 
+** argument to scored geometry callback registered using
+** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback().
+**
+** Note that the first 5 fields of this structure are identical to
+** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.  This structure is a subclass of
+** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.
+*/
+struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info {
+  void *pContext;                   /* pContext from when function registered */
+  int nParam;                       /* Number of function parameters */
+  sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;        /* value of function parameters */
+  void *pUser;                      /* callback can use this, if desired */
+  void (*xDelUser)(void*);          /* function to free pUser */
+  sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aCoord;        /* Coordinates of node or entry to check */
+  unsigned int *anQueue;            /* Number of pending entries in the queue */
+  int nCoord;                       /* Number of coordinates */
+  int iLevel;                       /* Level of current node or entry */
+  int mxLevel;                      /* The largest iLevel value in the tree */
+  sqlite3_int64 iRowid;             /* Rowid for current entry */
+  sqlite3_rtree_dbl rParentScore;   /* Score of parent node */
+  int eParentWithin;                /* Visibility of parent node */
+  int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visiblity */
+  sqlite3_rtree_dbl rScore;         /* OUT: Write the score here */
+  /* The following fields are only available in 3.8.11 and later */
+  sqlite3_value **apSqlParam;       /* Original SQL values of parameters */
+};
+
+/*
+** Allowed values for sqlite3_rtree_query.eWithin and .eParentWithin.
+*/
+#define NOT_WITHIN       0   /* Object completely outside of query region */
+#define PARTLY_WITHIN    1   /* Object partially overlaps query region */
+#define FULLY_WITHIN     2   /* Object fully contained within query region */
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_ */
+
+/******** End of sqlite3rtree.h *********/
+/******** Begin file sqlite3session.h *********/
+
+#if !defined(__SQLITESESSION_H_) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION)
+#define __SQLITESESSION_H_ 1
+
+/*
+** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
+*/
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Session Object Handle
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_session sqlite3_session;
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Changeset Iterator Handle
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_changeset_iter sqlite3_changeset_iter;
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Create A New Session Object
+**
+** Create a new session object attached to database handle db. If successful,
+** a pointer to the new object is written to *ppSession and SQLITE_OK is
+** returned. If an error occurs, *ppSession is set to NULL and an SQLite
+** error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
+**
+** It is possible to create multiple session objects attached to a single
+** database handle.
+**
+** Session objects created using this function should be deleted using the
+** [sqlite3session_delete()] function before the database handle that they
+** are attached to is itself closed. If the database handle is closed before
+** the session object is deleted, then the results of calling any session
+** module function, including [sqlite3session_delete()] on the session object
+** are undefined.
+**
+** Because the session module uses the [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] API, it
+** is not possible for an application to register a pre-update hook on a
+** database handle that has one or more session objects attached. Nor is
+** it possible to create a session object attached to a database handle for
+** which a pre-update hook is already defined. The results of attempting 
+** either of these things are undefined.
+**
+** The session object will be used to create changesets for tables in
+** database zDb, where zDb is either "main", or "temp", or the name of an
+** attached database. It is not an error if database zDb is not attached
+** to the database when the session object is created.
+*/
+int sqlite3session_create(
+  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
+  const char *zDb,                /* Name of db (e.g. "main") */
+  sqlite3_session **ppSession     /* OUT: New session object */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Delete A Session Object
+**
+** Delete a session object previously allocated using 
+** [sqlite3session_create()]. Once a session object has been deleted, the
+** results of attempting to use pSession with any other session module
+** function are undefined.
+**
+** Session objects must be deleted before the database handle to which they
+** are attached is closed. Refer to the documentation for 
+** [sqlite3session_create()] for details.
+*/
+void sqlite3session_delete(sqlite3_session *pSession);
+
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable A Session Object
+**
+** Enable or disable the recording of changes by a session object. When
+** enabled, a session object records changes made to the database. When
+** disabled - it does not. A newly created session object is enabled.
+** Refer to the documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further
+** details regarding how enabling and disabling a session object affects
+** the eventual changesets.
+**
+** Passing zero to this function disables the session. Passing a value
+** greater than zero enables it. Passing a value less than zero is a 
+** no-op, and may be used to query the current state of the session.
+**
+** The return value indicates the final state of the session object: 0 if 
+** the session is disabled, or 1 if it is enabled.
+*/
+int sqlite3session_enable(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bEnable);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Set Or Clear the Indirect Change Flag
+**
+** Each change recorded by a session object is marked as either direct or
+** indirect. A change is marked as indirect if either:
+**
+** <ul>
+**   <li> The session object "indirect" flag is set when the change is
+**        made, or
+**   <li> The change is made by an SQL trigger or foreign key action 
+**        instead of directly as a result of a users SQL statement.
+** </ul>
+**
+** If a single row is affected by more than one operation within a session,
+** then the change is considered indirect if all operations meet the criteria
+** for an indirect change above, or direct otherwise.
+**
+** This function is used to set, clear or query the session object indirect
+** flag.  If the second argument passed to this function is zero, then the
+** indirect flag is cleared. If it is greater than zero, the indirect flag
+** is set. Passing a value less than zero does not modify the current value
+** of the indirect flag, and may be used to query the current state of the 
+** indirect flag for the specified session object.
+**
+** The return value indicates the final state of the indirect flag: 0 if 
+** it is clear, or 1 if it is set.
+*/
+int sqlite3session_indirect(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bIndirect);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Attach A Table To A Session Object
+**
+** If argument zTab is not NULL, then it is the name of a table to attach
+** to the session object passed as the first argument. All subsequent changes 
+** made to the table while the session object is enabled will be recorded. See 
+** documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further details.
+**
+** Or, if argument zTab is NULL, then changes are recorded for all tables
+** in the database. If additional tables are added to the database (by 
+** executing "CREATE TABLE" statements) after this call is made, changes for 
+** the new tables are also recorded.
+**
+** Changes can only be recorded for tables that have a PRIMARY KEY explicitly
+** defined as part of their CREATE TABLE statement. It does not matter if the 
+** PRIMARY KEY is an "INTEGER PRIMARY KEY" (rowid alias) or not. The PRIMARY
+** KEY may consist of a single column, or may be a composite key.
+** 
+** It is not an error if the named table does not exist in the database. Nor
+** is it an error if the named table does not have a PRIMARY KEY. However,
+** no changes will be recorded in either of these scenarios.
+**
+** Changes are not recorded for individual rows that have NULL values stored
+** in one or more of their PRIMARY KEY columns.
+**
+** SQLITE_OK is returned if the call completes without error. Or, if an error 
+** occurs, an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
+*/
+int sqlite3session_attach(
+  sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
+  const char *zTab                /* Table name */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Set a table filter on a Session Object.
+**
+** The second argument (xFilter) is the "filter callback". For changes to rows 
+** in tables that are not attached to the Session object, the filter is called
+** to determine whether changes to the table's rows should be tracked or not. 
+** If xFilter returns 0, changes is not tracked. Note that once a table is 
+** attached, xFilter will not be called again.
+*/
+void sqlite3session_table_filter(
+  sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
+  int(*xFilter)(
+    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to _filter_table() */
+    const char *zTab              /* Table name */
+  ),
+  void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xFilter */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Generate A Changeset From A Session Object
+**
+** Obtain a changeset containing changes to the tables attached to the 
+** session object passed as the first argument. If successful, 
+** set *ppChangeset to point to a buffer containing the changeset 
+** and *pnChangeset to the size of the changeset in bytes before returning
+** SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs, set both *ppChangeset and *pnChangeset to
+** zero and return an SQLite error code.
+**
+** A changeset consists of zero or more INSERT, UPDATE and/or DELETE changes,
+** each representing a change to a single row of an attached table. An INSERT
+** change contains the values of each field of a new database row. A DELETE
+** contains the original values of each field of a deleted database row. An
+** UPDATE change contains the original values of each field of an updated
+** database row along with the updated values for each updated non-primary-key
+** column. It is not possible for an UPDATE change to represent a change that
+** modifies the values of primary key columns. If such a change is made, it
+** is represented in a changeset as a DELETE followed by an INSERT.
+**
+** Changes are not recorded for rows that have NULL values stored in one or 
+** more of their PRIMARY KEY columns. If such a row is inserted or deleted,
+** no corresponding change is present in the changesets returned by this
+** function. If an existing row with one or more NULL values stored in
+** PRIMARY KEY columns is updated so that all PRIMARY KEY columns are non-NULL,
+** only an INSERT is appears in the changeset. Similarly, if an existing row
+** with non-NULL PRIMARY KEY values is updated so that one or more of its
+** PRIMARY KEY columns are set to NULL, the resulting changeset contains a
+** DELETE change only.
+**
+** The contents of a changeset may be traversed using an iterator created
+** using the [sqlite3changeset_start()] API. A changeset may be applied to
+** a database with a compatible schema using the [sqlite3changeset_apply()]
+** API.
+**
+** Within a changeset generated by this function, all changes related to a
+** single table are grouped together. In other words, when iterating through
+** a changeset or when applying a changeset to a database, all changes related
+** to a single table are processed before moving on to the next table. Tables
+** are sorted in the same order in which they were attached (or auto-attached)
+** to the sqlite3_session object. The order in which the changes related to
+** a single table are stored is undefined.
+**
+** Following a successful call to this function, it is the responsibility of
+** the caller to eventually free the buffer that *ppChangeset points to using
+** [sqlite3_free()].
+**
+** <h3>Changeset Generation</h3>
+**
+** Once a table has been attached to a session object, the session object
+** records the primary key values of all new rows inserted into the table.
+** It also records the original primary key and other column values of any
+** deleted or updated rows. For each unique primary key value, data is only
+** recorded once - the first time a row with said primary key is inserted,
+** updated or deleted in the lifetime of the session.
+**
+** There is one exception to the previous paragraph: when a row is inserted,
+** updated or deleted, if one or more of its primary key columns contain a
+** NULL value, no record of the change is made.
+**
+** The session object therefore accumulates two types of records - those
+** that consist of primary key values only (created when the user inserts
+** a new record) and those that consist of the primary key values and the
+** original values of other table columns (created when the users deletes
+** or updates a record).
+**
+** When this function is called, the requested changeset is created using
+** both the accumulated records and the current contents of the database
+** file. Specifically:
+**
+** <ul>
+**   <li> For each record generated by an insert, the database is queried
+**        for a row with a matching primary key. If one is found, an INSERT
+**        change is added to the changeset. If no such row is found, no change 
+**        is added to the changeset.
+**
+**   <li> For each record generated by an update or delete, the database is 
+**        queried for a row with a matching primary key. If such a row is
+**        found and one or more of the non-primary key fields have been
+**        modified from their original values, an UPDATE change is added to 
+**        the changeset. Or, if no such row is found in the table, a DELETE 
+**        change is added to the changeset. If there is a row with a matching
+**        primary key in the database, but all fields contain their original
+**        values, no change is added to the changeset.
+** </ul>
+**
+** This means, amongst other things, that if a row is inserted and then later
+** deleted while a session object is active, neither the insert nor the delete
+** will be present in the changeset. Or if a row is deleted and then later a 
+** row with the same primary key values inserted while a session object is
+** active, the resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change instead of
+** a DELETE and an INSERT.
+**
+** When a session object is disabled (see the [sqlite3session_enable()] API),
+** it does not accumulate records when rows are inserted, updated or deleted.
+** This may appear to have some counter-intuitive effects if a single row
+** is written to more than once during a session. For example, if a row
+** is inserted while a session object is enabled, then later deleted while 
+** the same session object is disabled, no INSERT record will appear in the
+** changeset, even though the delete took place while the session was disabled.
+** Or, if one field of a row is updated while a session is disabled, and 
+** another field of the same row is updated while the session is enabled, the
+** resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change that updates both fields.
+*/
+int sqlite3session_changeset(
+  sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
+  int *pnChangeset,               /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppChangeset */
+  void **ppChangeset              /* OUT: Buffer containing changeset */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Load The Difference Between Tables Into A Session 
+**
+** If it is not already attached to the session object passed as the first
+** argument, this function attaches table zTbl in the same manner as the
+** [sqlite3session_attach()] function. If zTbl does not exist, or if it
+** does not have a primary key, this function is a no-op (but does not return
+** an error).
+**
+** Argument zFromDb must be the name of a database ("main", "temp" etc.)
+** attached to the same database handle as the session object that contains 
+** a table compatible with the table attached to the session by this function.
+** A table is considered compatible if it:
+**
+** <ul>
+**   <li> Has the same name,
+**   <li> Has the same set of columns declared in the same order, and
+**   <li> Has the same PRIMARY KEY definition.
+** </ul>
+**
+** If the tables are not compatible, SQLITE_SCHEMA is returned. If the tables
+** are compatible but do not have any PRIMARY KEY columns, it is not an error
+** but no changes are added to the session object. As with other session
+** APIs, tables without PRIMARY KEYs are simply ignored.
+**
+** This function adds a set of changes to the session object that could be
+** used to update the table in database zFrom (call this the "from-table") 
+** so that its content is the same as the table attached to the session 
+** object (call this the "to-table"). Specifically:
+**
+** <ul>
+**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in 
+**     the from-table, an INSERT record is added to the session object.
+**
+**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in 
+**     the from-table, a DELETE record is added to the session object.
+**
+**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in both tables, but features 
+**     different in each, an UPDATE record is added to the session.
+** </ul>
+**
+** To clarify, if this function is called and then a changeset constructed
+** using [sqlite3session_changeset()], then after applying that changeset to 
+** database zFrom the contents of the two compatible tables would be 
+** identical.
+**
+** It an error if database zFrom does not exist or does not contain the
+** required compatible table.
+**
+** If the operation successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite
+** error code. In this case, if argument pzErrMsg is not NULL, *pzErrMsg
+** may be set to point to a buffer containing an English language error 
+** message. It is the responsibility of the caller to free this buffer using
+** sqlite3_free().
+*/
+int sqlite3session_diff(
+  sqlite3_session *pSession,
+  const char *zFromDb,
+  const char *zTbl,
+  char **pzErrMsg
+);
+
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Generate A Patchset From A Session Object
+**
+** The differences between a patchset and a changeset are that:
+**
+** <ul>
+**   <li> DELETE records consist of the primary key fields only. The 
+**        original values of other fields are omitted.
+**   <li> The original values of any modified fields are omitted from 
+**        UPDATE records.
+** </ul>
+**
+** A patchset blob may be used with up to date versions of all 
+** sqlite3changeset_xxx API functions except for sqlite3changeset_invert(), 
+** which returns SQLITE_CORRUPT if it is passed a patchset. Similarly,
+** attempting to use a patchset blob with old versions of the
+** sqlite3changeset_xxx APIs also provokes an SQLITE_CORRUPT error. 
+**
+** Because the non-primary key "old.*" fields are omitted, no 
+** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflicts can be detected or reported if a patchset
+** is passed to the sqlite3changeset_apply() API. Other conflict types work
+** in the same way as for changesets.
+**
+** Changes within a patchset are ordered in the same way as for changesets
+** generated by the sqlite3session_changeset() function (i.e. all changes for
+** a single table are grouped together, tables appear in the order in which
+** they were attached to the session object).
+*/
+int sqlite3session_patchset(
+  sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
+  int *pnPatchset,                /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppChangeset */
+  void **ppPatchset               /* OUT: Buffer containing changeset */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Test if a changeset has recorded any changes.
+**
+** Return non-zero if no changes to attached tables have been recorded by 
+** the session object passed as the first argument. Otherwise, if one or 
+** more changes have been recorded, return zero.
+**
+** Even if this function returns zero, it is possible that calling
+** [sqlite3session_changeset()] on the session handle may still return a
+** changeset that contains no changes. This can happen when a row in 
+** an attached table is modified and then later on the original values 
+** are restored. However, if this function returns non-zero, then it is
+** guaranteed that a call to sqlite3session_changeset() will return a 
+** changeset containing zero changes.
+*/
+int sqlite3session_isempty(sqlite3_session *pSession);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Create An Iterator To Traverse A Changeset 
+**
+** Create an iterator used to iterate through the contents of a changeset.
+** If successful, *pp is set to point to the iterator handle and SQLITE_OK
+** is returned. Otherwise, if an error occurs, *pp is set to zero and an
+** SQLite error code is returned.
+**
+** The following functions can be used to advance and query a changeset 
+** iterator created by this function:
+**
+** <ul>
+**   <li> [sqlite3changeset_next()]
+**   <li> [sqlite3changeset_op()]
+**   <li> [sqlite3changeset_new()]
+**   <li> [sqlite3changeset_old()]
+** </ul>
+**
+** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually destroy the iterator
+** by passing it to [sqlite3changeset_finalize()]. The buffer containing the
+** changeset (pChangeset) must remain valid until after the iterator is
+** destroyed.
+**
+** Assuming the changeset blob was created by one of the
+** [sqlite3session_changeset()], [sqlite3changeset_concat()] or
+** [sqlite3changeset_invert()] functions, all changes within the changeset 
+** that apply to a single table are grouped together. This means that when 
+** an application iterates through a changeset using an iterator created by 
+** this function, all changes that relate to a single table are visited 
+** consecutively. There is no chance that the iterator will visit a change 
+** the applies to table X, then one for table Y, and then later on visit 
+** another change for table X.
+*/
+int sqlite3changeset_start(
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,    /* OUT: New changeset iterator handle */
+  int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset blob in bytes */
+  void *pChangeset                /* Pointer to blob containing changeset */
+);
+
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Advance A Changeset Iterator
+**
+** This function may only be used with iterators created by function
+** [sqlite3changeset_start()]. If it is called on an iterator passed to
+** a conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], SQLITE_MISUSE
+** is returned and the call has no effect.
+**
+** Immediately after an iterator is created by sqlite3changeset_start(), it
+** does not point to any change in the changeset. Assuming the changeset
+** is not empty, the first call to this function advances the iterator to
+** point to the first change in the changeset. Each subsequent call advances
+** the iterator to point to the next change in the changeset (if any). If
+** no error occurs and the iterator points to a valid change after a call
+** to sqlite3changeset_next() has advanced it, SQLITE_ROW is returned. 
+** Otherwise, if all changes in the changeset have already been visited,
+** SQLITE_DONE is returned.
+**
+** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned. Possible error 
+** codes include SQLITE_CORRUPT (if the changeset buffer is corrupt) or 
+** SQLITE_NOMEM.
+*/
+int sqlite3changeset_next(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Obtain The Current Operation From A Changeset Iterator
+**
+** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
+** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
+** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
+** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned [SQLITE_ROW]. If this
+** is not the case, this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE].
+**
+** If argument pzTab is not NULL, then *pzTab is set to point to a
+** nul-terminated utf-8 encoded string containing the name of the table
+** affected by the current change. The buffer remains valid until either
+** sqlite3changeset_next() is called on the iterator or until the 
+** conflict-handler function returns. If pnCol is not NULL, then *pnCol is 
+** set to the number of columns in the table affected by the change. If
+** pbIncorrect is not NULL, then *pbIndirect is set to true (1) if the change
+** is an indirect change, or false (0) otherwise. See the documentation for
+** [sqlite3session_indirect()] for a description of direct and indirect
+** changes. Finally, if pOp is not NULL, then *pOp is set to one of 
+** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the 
+** type of change that the iterator currently points to.
+**
+** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error does occur, an
+** SQLite error code is returned. The values of the output variables may not
+** be trusted in this case.
+*/
+int sqlite3changeset_op(
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Iterator object */
+  const char **pzTab,             /* OUT: Pointer to table name */
+  int *pnCol,                     /* OUT: Number of columns in table */
+  int *pOp,                       /* OUT: SQLITE_INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE */
+  int *pbIndirect                 /* OUT: True for an 'indirect' change */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Obtain The Primary Key Definition Of A Table
+**
+** For each modified table, a changeset includes the following:
+**
+** <ul>
+**   <li> The number of columns in the table, and
+**   <li> Which of those columns make up the tables PRIMARY KEY.
+** </ul>
+**
+** This function is used to find which columns comprise the PRIMARY KEY of
+** the table modified by the change that iterator pIter currently points to.
+** If successful, *pabPK is set to point to an array of nCol entries, where
+** nCol is the number of columns in the table. Elements of *pabPK are set to
+** 0x01 if the corresponding column is part of the tables primary key, or
+** 0x00 if it is not.
+**
+** If argument pnCol is not NULL, then *pnCol is set to the number of columns
+** in the table.
+**
+** If this function is called when the iterator does not point to a valid
+** entry, SQLITE_MISUSE is returned and the output variables zeroed. Otherwise,
+** SQLITE_OK is returned and the output variables populated as described
+** above.
+*/
+int sqlite3changeset_pk(
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Iterator object */
+  unsigned char **pabPK,          /* OUT: Array of boolean - true for PK cols */
+  int *pnCol                      /* OUT: Number of entries in output array */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Obtain old.* Values From A Changeset Iterator
+**
+** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
+** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
+** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
+** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW. 
+** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
+** currently points to is either [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE]. Otherwise,
+** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
+**
+** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
+** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
+** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
+**
+** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
+** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of 
+** original row values stored as part of the UPDATE or DELETE change and
+** returns SQLITE_OK. The name of the function comes from the fact that this 
+** is similar to the "old.*" columns available to update or delete triggers.
+**
+** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
+** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
+*/
+int sqlite3changeset_old(
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
+  int iVal,                       /* Column number */
+  sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: Old value (or NULL pointer) */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Obtain new.* Values From A Changeset Iterator
+**
+** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
+** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
+** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
+** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW. 
+** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
+** currently points to is either [SQLITE_UPDATE] or [SQLITE_INSERT]. Otherwise,
+** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
+**
+** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
+** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
+** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
+**
+** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
+** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of 
+** new row values stored as part of the UPDATE or INSERT change and
+** returns SQLITE_OK. If the change is an UPDATE and does not include
+** a new value for the requested column, *ppValue is set to NULL and 
+** SQLITE_OK returned. The name of the function comes from the fact that 
+** this is similar to the "new.*" columns available to update or delete 
+** triggers.
+**
+** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
+** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
+*/
+int sqlite3changeset_new(
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
+  int iVal,                       /* Column number */
+  sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: New value (or NULL pointer) */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Obtain Conflicting Row Values From A Changeset Iterator
+**
+** This function should only be used with iterator objects passed to a
+** conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()] with either
+** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] or [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT]. If this function
+** is called on any other iterator, [SQLITE_MISUSE] is returned and *ppValue
+** is set to NULL.
+**
+** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
+** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
+** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
+**
+** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
+** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the 
+** "conflicting row" associated with the current conflict-handler callback
+** and returns SQLITE_OK.
+**
+** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
+** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
+*/
+int sqlite3changeset_conflict(
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
+  int iVal,                       /* Column number */
+  sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: Value from conflicting row */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Determine The Number Of Foreign Key Constraint Violations
+**
+** This function may only be called with an iterator passed to an
+** SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY conflict handler callback. In this case
+** it sets the output variable to the total number of known foreign key
+** violations in the destination database and returns SQLITE_OK.
+**
+** In all other cases this function returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
+*/
+int sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts(
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
+  int *pnOut                      /* OUT: Number of FK violations */
+);
+
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Changeset Iterator
+**
+** This function is used to finalize an iterator allocated with
+** [sqlite3changeset_start()].
+**
+** This function should only be called on iterators created using the
+** [sqlite3changeset_start()] function. If an application calls this
+** function with an iterator passed to a conflict-handler by
+** [sqlite3changeset_apply()], [SQLITE_MISUSE] is immediately returned and the
+** call has no effect.
+**
+** If an error was encountered within a call to an sqlite3changeset_xxx()
+** function (for example an [SQLITE_CORRUPT] in [sqlite3changeset_next()] or an 
+** [SQLITE_NOMEM] in [sqlite3changeset_new()]) then an error code corresponding
+** to that error is returned by this function. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK is
+** returned. This is to allow the following pattern (pseudo-code):
+**
+**   sqlite3changeset_start();
+**   while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3changeset_next() ){
+**     // Do something with change.
+**   }
+**   rc = sqlite3changeset_finalize();
+**   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+**     // An error has occurred 
+**   }
+*/
+int sqlite3changeset_finalize(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Invert A Changeset
+**
+** This function is used to "invert" a changeset object. Applying an inverted
+** changeset to a database reverses the effects of applying the uninverted
+** changeset. Specifically:
+**
+** <ul>
+**   <li> Each DELETE change is changed to an INSERT, and
+**   <li> Each INSERT change is changed to a DELETE, and
+**   <li> For each UPDATE change, the old.* and new.* values are exchanged.
+** </ul>
+**
+** This function does not change the order in which changes appear within
+** the changeset. It merely reverses the sense of each individual change.
+**
+** If successful, a pointer to a buffer containing the inverted changeset
+** is stored in *ppOut, the size of the same buffer is stored in *pnOut, and
+** SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error occurs, both *pnOut and *ppOut are
+** zeroed and an SQLite error code returned.
+**
+** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually call sqlite3_free()
+** on the *ppOut pointer to free the buffer allocation following a successful 
+** call to this function.
+**
+** WARNING/TODO: This function currently assumes that the input is a valid
+** changeset. If it is not, the results are undefined.
+*/
+int sqlite3changeset_invert(
+  int nIn, const void *pIn,       /* Input changeset */
+  int *pnOut, void **ppOut        /* OUT: Inverse of input */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Concatenate Two Changeset Objects
+**
+** This function is used to concatenate two changesets, A and B, into a 
+** single changeset. The result is a changeset equivalent to applying
+** changeset A followed by changeset B. 
+**
+** This function combines the two input changesets using an 
+** sqlite3_changegroup object. Calling it produces similar results as the
+** following code fragment:
+**
+**   sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp;
+**   rc = sqlite3_changegroup_new(&pGrp);
+**   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3changegroup_add(pGrp, nA, pA);
+**   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3changegroup_add(pGrp, nB, pB);
+**   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+**     rc = sqlite3changegroup_output(pGrp, pnOut, ppOut);
+**   }else{
+**     *ppOut = 0;
+**     *pnOut = 0;
+**   }
+**
+** Refer to the sqlite3_changegroup documentation below for details.
+*/
+int sqlite3changeset_concat(
+  int nA,                         /* Number of bytes in buffer pA */
+  void *pA,                       /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset A */
+  int nB,                         /* Number of bytes in buffer pB */
+  void *pB,                       /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset B */
+  int *pnOut,                     /* OUT: Number of bytes in output changeset */
+  void **ppOut                    /* OUT: Buffer containing output changeset */
+);
+
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Changegroup Handle
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_changegroup sqlite3_changegroup;
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Create A New Changegroup Object
+**
+** An sqlite3_changegroup object is used to combine two or more changesets
+** (or patchsets) into a single changeset (or patchset). A single changegroup
+** object may combine changesets or patchsets, but not both. The output is
+** always in the same format as the input.
+**
+** If successful, this function returns SQLITE_OK and populates (*pp) with
+** a pointer to a new sqlite3_changegroup object before returning. The caller
+** should eventually free the returned object using a call to 
+** sqlite3changegroup_delete(). If an error occurs, an SQLite error code
+** (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned and *pp is set to NULL.
+**
+** The usual usage pattern for an sqlite3_changegroup object is as follows:
+**
+** <ul>
+**   <li> It is created using a call to sqlite3changegroup_new().
+**
+**   <li> Zero or more changesets (or patchsets) are added to the object
+**        by calling sqlite3changegroup_add().
+**
+**   <li> The result of combining all input changesets together is obtained 
+**        by the application via a call to sqlite3changegroup_output().
+**
+**   <li> The object is deleted using a call to sqlite3changegroup_delete().
+** </ul>
+**
+** Any number of calls to add() and output() may be made between the calls to
+** new() and delete(), and in any order.
+**
+** As well as the regular sqlite3changegroup_add() and 
+** sqlite3changegroup_output() functions, also available are the streaming
+** versions sqlite3changegroup_add_strm() and sqlite3changegroup_output_strm().
+*/
+int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Add A Changeset To A Changegroup
+**
+** Add all changes within the changeset (or patchset) in buffer pData (size
+** nData bytes) to the changegroup. 
+**
+** If the buffer contains a patchset, then all prior calls to this function
+** on the same changegroup object must also have specified patchsets. Or, if
+** the buffer contains a changeset, so must have the earlier calls to this
+** function. Otherwise, SQLITE_ERROR is returned and no changes are added
+** to the changegroup.
+**
+** Rows within the changeset and changegroup are identified by the values in
+** their PRIMARY KEY columns. A change in the changeset is considered to
+** apply to the same row as a change already present in the changegroup if
+** the two rows have the same primary key.
+**
+** Changes to rows that do not already appear in the changegroup are
+** simply copied into it. Or, if both the new changeset and the changegroup
+** contain changes that apply to a single row, the final contents of the
+** changegroup depends on the type of each change, as follows:
+**
+** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
+**   <tr><th style="white-space:pre">Existing Change  </th>
+**       <th style="white-space:pre">New Change       </th>
+**       <th>Output Change
+**   <tr><td>INSERT <td>INSERT <td>
+**       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
+**       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
+**       added to the changegroup.
+**   <tr><td>INSERT <td>UPDATE <td>
+**       The INSERT change remains in the changegroup. The values in the 
+**       INSERT change are modified as if the row was inserted by the
+**       existing change and then updated according to the new change.
+**   <tr><td>INSERT <td>DELETE <td>
+**       The existing INSERT is removed from the changegroup. The DELETE is
+**       not added.
+**   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>INSERT <td>
+**       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
+**       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
+**       added to the changegroup.
+**   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>UPDATE <td>
+**       The existing UPDATE remains within the changegroup. It is amended 
+**       so that the accompanying values are as if the row was updated once 
+**       by the existing change and then again by the new change.
+**   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>DELETE <td>
+**       The existing UPDATE is replaced by the new DELETE within the
+**       changegroup.
+**   <tr><td>DELETE <td>INSERT <td>
+**       If one or more of the column values in the row inserted by the
+**       new change differ from those in the row deleted by the existing 
+**       change, the existing DELETE is replaced by an UPDATE within the
+**       changegroup. Otherwise, if the inserted row is exactly the same 
+**       as the deleted row, the existing DELETE is simply discarded.
+**   <tr><td>DELETE <td>UPDATE <td>
+**       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
+**       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
+**       added to the changegroup.
+**   <tr><td>DELETE <td>DELETE <td>
+**       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
+**       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
+**       added to the changegroup.
+** </table>
+**
+** If the new changeset contains changes to a table that is already present
+** in the changegroup, then the number of columns and the position of the
+** primary key columns for the table must be consistent. If this is not the
+** case, this function fails with SQLITE_SCHEMA. If the input changeset
+** appears to be corrupt and the corruption is detected, SQLITE_CORRUPT is
+** returned. Or, if an out-of-memory condition occurs during processing, this
+** function returns SQLITE_NOMEM. In all cases, if an error occurs the
+** final contents of the changegroup is undefined.
+**
+** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned.
+*/
+int sqlite3changegroup_add(sqlite3_changegroup*, int nData, void *pData);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Obtain A Composite Changeset From A Changegroup
+**
+** Obtain a buffer containing a changeset (or patchset) representing the
+** current contents of the changegroup. If the inputs to the changegroup
+** were themselves changesets, the output is a changeset. Or, if the
+** inputs were patchsets, the output is also a patchset.
+**
+** As with the output of the sqlite3session_changeset() and
+** sqlite3session_patchset() functions, all changes related to a single
+** table are grouped together in the output of this function. Tables appear
+** in the same order as for the very first changeset added to the changegroup.
+** If the second or subsequent changesets added to the changegroup contain
+** changes for tables that do not appear in the first changeset, they are
+** appended onto the end of the output changeset, again in the order in
+** which they are first encountered.
+**
+** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the output
+** variables (*pnData) and (*ppData) are set to 0. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK
+** is returned and the output variables are set to the size of and a 
+** pointer to the output buffer, respectively. In this case it is the
+** responsibility of the caller to eventually free the buffer using a
+** call to sqlite3_free().
+*/
+int sqlite3changegroup_output(
+  sqlite3_changegroup*,
+  int *pnData,                    /* OUT: Size of output buffer in bytes */
+  void **ppData                   /* OUT: Pointer to output buffer */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Delete A Changegroup Object
+*/
+void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Apply A Changeset To A Database
+**
+** Apply a changeset to a database. This function attempts to update the
+** "main" database attached to handle db with the changes found in the
+** changeset passed via the second and third arguments.
+**
+** The fourth argument (xFilter) passed to this function is the "filter
+** callback". If it is not NULL, then for each table affected by at least one
+** change in the changeset, the filter callback is invoked with
+** the table name as the second argument, and a copy of the context pointer
+** passed as the sixth argument to this function as the first. If the "filter
+** callback" returns zero, then no attempt is made to apply any changes to 
+** the table. Otherwise, if the return value is non-zero or the xFilter
+** argument to this function is NULL, all changes related to the table are
+** attempted.
+**
+** For each table that is not excluded by the filter callback, this function 
+** tests that the target database contains a compatible table. A table is 
+** considered compatible if all of the following are true:
+**
+** <ul>
+**   <li> The table has the same name as the name recorded in the 
+**        changeset, and
+**   <li> The table has the same number of columns as recorded in the 
+**        changeset, and
+**   <li> The table has primary key columns in the same position as 
+**        recorded in the changeset.
+** </ul>
+**
+** If there is no compatible table, it is not an error, but none of the
+** changes associated with the table are applied. A warning message is issued
+** via the sqlite3_log() mechanism with the error code SQLITE_SCHEMA. At most
+** one such warning is issued for each table in the changeset.
+**
+** For each change for which there is a compatible table, an attempt is made 
+** to modify the table contents according to the UPDATE, INSERT or DELETE 
+** change. If a change cannot be applied cleanly, the conflict handler 
+** function passed as the fifth argument to sqlite3changeset_apply() may be 
+** invoked. A description of exactly when the conflict handler is invoked for 
+** each type of change is below.
+**
+** Unlike the xFilter argument, xConflict may not be passed NULL. The results
+** of passing anything other than a valid function pointer as the xConflict
+** argument are undefined.
+**
+** Each time the conflict handler function is invoked, it must return one
+** of [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT], [SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT] or 
+** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE]. SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE may only be returned
+** if the second argument passed to the conflict handler is either
+** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If the conflict-handler
+** returns an illegal value, any changes already made are rolled back and
+** the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE. Different 
+** actions are taken by sqlite3changeset_apply() depending on the value
+** returned by each invocation of the conflict-handler function. Refer to
+** the documentation for the three 
+** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT|available return values] for details.
+**
+** <dl>
+** <dt>DELETE Changes<dd>
+**   For each DELETE change, this function checks if the target database 
+**   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the 
+**   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values 
+**   stored in all non-primary key columns also match the values stored in 
+**   the changeset the row is deleted from the target database.
+**
+**   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of
+**   the non-primary key fields contains a value different from the original
+**   row value stored in the changeset, the conflict-handler function is
+**   invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] as the second argument.
+**
+**   If no row with matching primary key values is found in the database,
+**   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]
+**   passed as the second argument.
+**
+**   If the DELETE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT
+**   (which can only happen if a foreign key constraint is violated), the
+**   conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT]
+**   passed as the second argument. This includes the case where the DELETE
+**   operation is attempted because an earlier call to the conflict handler
+**   function returned [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
+**
+** <dt>INSERT Changes<dd>
+**   For each INSERT change, an attempt is made to insert the new row into
+**   the database.
+**
+**   If the attempt to insert the row fails because the database already 
+**   contains a row with the same primary key values, the conflict handler
+**   function is invoked with the second argument set to 
+**   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT].
+**
+**   If the attempt to insert the row fails because of some other constraint
+**   violation (e.g. NOT NULL or UNIQUE), the conflict handler function is 
+**   invoked with the second argument set to [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT].
+**   This includes the case where the INSERT operation is re-attempted because 
+**   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned 
+**   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
+**
+** <dt>UPDATE Changes<dd>
+**   For each UPDATE change, this function checks if the target database 
+**   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the 
+**   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values 
+**   stored in all non-primary key columns also match the values stored in 
+**   the changeset the row is updated within the target database.
+**
+**   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of
+**   the non-primary key fields contains a value different from an original
+**   row value stored in the changeset, the conflict-handler function is
+**   invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] as the second argument. Since
+**   UPDATE changes only contain values for non-primary key fields that are
+**   to be modified, only those fields need to match the original values to
+**   avoid the SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict-handler callback.
+**
+**   If no row with matching primary key values is found in the database,
+**   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]
+**   passed as the second argument.
+**
+**   If the UPDATE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns 
+**   SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the conflict-handler function is invoked with 
+**   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT] passed as the second argument.
+**   This includes the case where the UPDATE operation is attempted after 
+**   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned
+**   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].  
+** </dl>
+**
+** It is safe to execute SQL statements, including those that write to the
+** table that the callback related to, from within the xConflict callback.
+** This can be used to further customize the applications conflict
+** resolution strategy.
+**
+** All changes made by this function are enclosed in a savepoint transaction.
+** If any other error (aside from a constraint failure when attempting to
+** write to the target database) occurs, then the savepoint transaction is
+** rolled back, restoring the target database to its original state, and an 
+** SQLite error code returned.
+*/
+int sqlite3changeset_apply(
+  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
+  int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset in bytes */
+  void *pChangeset,               /* Changeset blob */
+  int(*xFilter)(
+    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
+    const char *zTab              /* Table name */
+  ),
+  int(*xConflict)(
+    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
+    int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
+    sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
+  ),
+  void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xConflict */
+);
+
+/* 
+** CAPI3REF: Constants Passed To The Conflict Handler
+**
+** Values that may be passed as the second argument to a conflict-handler.
+**
+** <dl>
+** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA<dd>
+**   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_DATA as the second argument
+**   when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the required
+**   PRIMARY KEY fields is present in the database, but one or more other 
+**   (non primary-key) fields modified by the update do not contain the 
+**   expected "before" values.
+** 
+**   The conflicting row, in this case, is the database row with the matching
+**   primary key.
+** 
+** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND<dd>
+**   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_NOTFOUND as the second
+**   argument when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the
+**   required PRIMARY KEY fields is not present in the database.
+** 
+**   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
+**   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
+** 
+** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT<dd>
+**   CHANGESET_CONFLICT is passed as the second argument to the conflict
+**   handler while processing an INSERT change if the operation would result 
+**   in duplicate primary key values.
+** 
+**   The conflicting row in this case is the database row with the matching
+**   primary key.
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY<dd>
+**   If foreign key handling is enabled, and applying a changeset leaves the
+**   database in a state containing foreign key violations, the conflict 
+**   handler is invoked with CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY as the second argument
+**   exactly once before the changeset is committed. If the conflict handler
+**   returns CHANGESET_OMIT, the changes, including those that caused the
+**   foreign key constraint violation, are committed. Or, if it returns
+**   CHANGESET_ABORT, the changeset is rolled back.
+**
+**   No current or conflicting row information is provided. The only function
+**   it is possible to call on the supplied sqlite3_changeset_iter handle
+**   is sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts().
+** 
+** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT<dd>
+**   If any other constraint violation occurs while applying a change (i.e. 
+**   a UNIQUE, CHECK or NOT NULL constraint), the conflict handler is 
+**   invoked with CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT as the second argument.
+** 
+**   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
+**   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
+**
+** </dl>
+*/
+#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA        1
+#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND    2
+#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT    3
+#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT  4
+#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY 5
+
+/* 
+** CAPI3REF: Constants Returned By The Conflict Handler
+**
+** A conflict handler callback must return one of the following three values.
+**
+** <dl>
+** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT<dd>
+**   If a conflict handler returns this value no special action is taken. The
+**   change that caused the conflict is not applied. The session module 
+**   continues to the next change in the changeset.
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE<dd>
+**   This value may only be returned if the second argument to the conflict
+**   handler was SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If this
+**   is not the case, any changes applied so far are rolled back and the 
+**   call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
+**
+**   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict
+**   handler, then the conflicting row is either updated or deleted, depending
+**   on the type of change.
+**
+**   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT conflict
+**   handler, then the conflicting row is removed from the database and a
+**   second attempt to apply the change is made. If this second attempt fails,
+**   the original row is restored to the database before continuing.
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT<dd>
+**   If this value is returned, any changes applied so far are rolled back 
+**   and the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_ABORT.
+** </dl>
+*/
+#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT       0
+#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE    1
+#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT      2
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Streaming Versions of API functions.
+**
+** The six streaming API xxx_strm() functions serve similar purposes to the 
+** corresponding non-streaming API functions:
+**
+** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
+**   <tr><th>Streaming function<th>Non-streaming equivalent</th>
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_start] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_str<td>[sqlite3session_changeset] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_str<td>[sqlite3session_patchset] 
+** </table>
+**
+** Non-streaming functions that accept changesets (or patchsets) as input
+** require that the entire changeset be stored in a single buffer in memory. 
+** Similarly, those that return a changeset or patchset do so by returning 
+** a pointer to a single large buffer allocated using sqlite3_malloc(). 
+** Normally this is convenient. However, if an application running in a 
+** low-memory environment is required to handle very large changesets, the
+** large contiguous memory allocations required can become onerous.
+**
+** In order to avoid this problem, instead of a single large buffer, input
+** is passed to a streaming API functions by way of a callback function that
+** the sessions module invokes to incrementally request input data as it is
+** required. In all cases, a pair of API function parameters such as
+**
+**  <pre>
+**  &nbsp;     int nChangeset,
+**  &nbsp;     void *pChangeset,
+**  </pre>
+**
+** Is replaced by:
+**
+**  <pre>
+**  &nbsp;     int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
+**  &nbsp;     void *pIn,
+**  </pre>
+**
+** Each time the xInput callback is invoked by the sessions module, the first
+** argument passed is a copy of the supplied pIn context pointer. The second 
+** argument, pData, points to a buffer (*pnData) bytes in size. Assuming no 
+** error occurs the xInput method should copy up to (*pnData) bytes of data 
+** into the buffer and set (*pnData) to the actual number of bytes copied 
+** before returning SQLITE_OK. If the input is completely exhausted, (*pnData) 
+** should be set to zero to indicate this. Or, if an error occurs, an SQLite 
+** error code should be returned. In all cases, if an xInput callback returns
+** an error, all processing is abandoned and the streaming API function
+** returns a copy of the error code to the caller.
+**
+** In the case of sqlite3changeset_start_strm(), the xInput callback may be
+** invoked by the sessions module at any point during the lifetime of the
+** iterator. If such an xInput callback returns an error, the iterator enters
+** an error state, whereby all subsequent calls to iterator functions 
+** immediately fail with the same error code as returned by xInput.
+**
+** Similarly, streaming API functions that return changesets (or patchsets)
+** return them in chunks by way of a callback function instead of via a
+** pointer to a single large buffer. In this case, a pair of parameters such
+** as:
+**
+**  <pre>
+**  &nbsp;     int *pnChangeset,
+**  &nbsp;     void **ppChangeset,
+**  </pre>
+**
+** Is replaced by:
+**
+**  <pre>
+**  &nbsp;     int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
+**  &nbsp;     void *pOut
+**  </pre>
+**
+** The xOutput callback is invoked zero or more times to return data to
+** the application. The first parameter passed to each call is a copy of the
+** pOut pointer supplied by the application. The second parameter, pData,
+** points to a buffer nData bytes in size containing the chunk of output
+** data being returned. If the xOutput callback successfully processes the
+** supplied data, it should return SQLITE_OK to indicate success. Otherwise,
+** it should return some other SQLite error code. In this case processing
+** is immediately abandoned and the streaming API function returns a copy
+** of the xOutput error code to the application.
+**
+** The sessions module never invokes an xOutput callback with the third 
+** parameter set to a value less than or equal to zero. Other than this,
+** no guarantees are made as to the size of the chunks of data returned.
+*/
+int sqlite3changeset_apply_strm(
+  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
+  int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData), /* Input function */
+  void *pIn,                                          /* First arg for xInput */
+  int(*xFilter)(
+    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
+    const char *zTab              /* Table name */
+  ),
+  int(*xConflict)(
+    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
+    int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
+    sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
+  ),
+  void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xConflict */
+);
+int sqlite3changeset_concat_strm(
+  int (*xInputA)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
+  void *pInA,
+  int (*xInputB)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
+  void *pInB,
+  int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
+  void *pOut
+);
+int sqlite3changeset_invert_strm(
+  int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
+  void *pIn,
+  int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
+  void *pOut
+);
+int sqlite3changeset_start_strm(
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,
+  int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
+  void *pIn
+);
+int sqlite3session_changeset_strm(
+  sqlite3_session *pSession,
+  int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
+  void *pOut
+);
+int sqlite3session_patchset_strm(
+  sqlite3_session *pSession,
+  int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
+  void *pOut
+);
+int sqlite3changegroup_add_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*, 
+    int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
+    void *pIn
+);
+int sqlite3changegroup_output_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,
+    int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData), 
+    void *pOut
+);
+
+
+/*
+** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
+*/
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* !defined(__SQLITESESSION_H_) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION) */
+
+/******** End of sqlite3session.h *********/
+/******** Begin file fts5.h *********/
+/*
+** 2014 May 31
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+******************************************************************************
+**
+** Interfaces to extend FTS5. Using the interfaces defined in this file, 
+** FTS5 may be extended with:
+**
+**     * custom tokenizers, and
+**     * custom auxiliary functions.
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef _FTS5_H
+#define _FTS5_H
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/*************************************************************************
+** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
+**
+** Virtual table implementations may overload SQL functions by implementing
+** the sqlite3_module.xFindFunction() method.
+*/
+
+typedef struct Fts5ExtensionApi Fts5ExtensionApi;
+typedef struct Fts5Context Fts5Context;
+typedef struct Fts5PhraseIter Fts5PhraseIter;
+
+typedef void (*fts5_extension_function)(
+  const Fts5ExtensionApi *pApi,   /* API offered by current FTS version */
+  Fts5Context *pFts,              /* First arg to pass to pApi functions */
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Context for returning result/error */
+  int nVal,                       /* Number of values in apVal[] array */
+  sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Array of trailing arguments */
+);
+
+struct Fts5PhraseIter {
+  const unsigned char *a;
+  const unsigned char *b;
+};
+
+/*
+** EXTENSION API FUNCTIONS
+**
+** xUserData(pFts):
+**   Return a copy of the context pointer the extension function was 
+**   registered with.
+**
+** xColumnTotalSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
+**   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
+**   to the total number of tokens in the FTS5 table. Or, if iCol is
+**   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, return
+**   the total number of tokens in column iCol, considering all rows in 
+**   the FTS5 table.
+**
+**   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
+**   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
+**   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is 
+**   returned.
+**
+** xColumnCount(pFts):
+**   Return the number of columns in the table.
+**
+** xColumnSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
+**   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
+**   to the total number of tokens in the current row. Or, if iCol is
+**   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, set
+**   *pnToken to the number of tokens in column iCol of the current row.
+**
+**   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
+**   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
+**   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is 
+**   returned.
+**
+**   This function may be quite inefficient if used with an FTS5 table
+**   created with the "columnsize=0" option.
+**
+** xColumnText:
+**   This function attempts to retrieve the text of column iCol of the
+**   current document. If successful, (*pz) is set to point to a buffer
+**   containing the text in utf-8 encoding, (*pn) is set to the size in bytes
+**   (not characters) of the buffer and SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise,
+**   if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the final values
+**   of (*pz) and (*pn) are undefined.
+**
+** xPhraseCount:
+**   Returns the number of phrases in the current query expression.
+**
+** xPhraseSize:
+**   Returns the number of tokens in phrase iPhrase of the query. Phrases
+**   are numbered starting from zero.
+**
+** xInstCount:
+**   Set *pnInst to the total number of occurrences of all phrases within
+**   the query within the current row. Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or
+**   an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
+**
+**   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
+**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created 
+**   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option 
+**   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always returns 0.
+**
+** xInst:
+**   Query for the details of phrase match iIdx within the current row.
+**   Phrase matches are numbered starting from zero, so the iIdx argument
+**   should be greater than or equal to zero and smaller than the value
+**   output by xInstCount().
+**
+**   Usually, output parameter *piPhrase is set to the phrase number, *piCol
+**   to the column in which it occurs and *piOff the token offset of the
+**   first token of the phrase. The exception is if the table was created
+**   with the offsets=0 option specified. In this case *piOff is always
+**   set to -1.
+**
+**   Returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) 
+**   if an error occurs.
+**
+**   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
+**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. 
+**
+** xRowid:
+**   Returns the rowid of the current row.
+**
+** xTokenize:
+**   Tokenize text using the tokenizer belonging to the FTS5 table.
+**
+** xQueryPhrase(pFts5, iPhrase, pUserData, xCallback):
+**   This API function is used to query the FTS table for phrase iPhrase
+**   of the current query. Specifically, a query equivalent to:
+**
+**       ... FROM ftstable WHERE ftstable MATCH $p ORDER BY rowid
+**
+**   with $p set to a phrase equivalent to the phrase iPhrase of the
+**   current query is executed. Any column filter that applies to
+**   phrase iPhrase of the current query is included in $p. For each 
+**   row visited, the callback function passed as the fourth argument 
+**   is invoked. The context and API objects passed to the callback 
+**   function may be used to access the properties of each matched row.
+**   Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer passed as 
+**   the third argument to pUserData.
+**
+**   If the callback function returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, the
+**   query is abandoned and the xQueryPhrase function returns immediately.
+**   If the returned value is SQLITE_DONE, xQueryPhrase returns SQLITE_OK.
+**   Otherwise, the error code is propagated upwards.
+**
+**   If the query runs to completion without incident, SQLITE_OK is returned.
+**   Or, if some error occurs before the query completes or is aborted by
+**   the callback, an SQLite error code is returned.
+**
+**
+** xSetAuxdata(pFts5, pAux, xDelete)
+**
+**   Save the pointer passed as the second argument as the extension functions 
+**   "auxiliary data". The pointer may then be retrieved by the current or any
+**   future invocation of the same fts5 extension function made as part of
+**   of the same MATCH query using the xGetAuxdata() API.
+**
+**   Each extension function is allocated a single auxiliary data slot for
+**   each FTS query (MATCH expression). If the extension function is invoked 
+**   more than once for a single FTS query, then all invocations share a 
+**   single auxiliary data context.
+**
+**   If there is already an auxiliary data pointer when this function is
+**   invoked, then it is replaced by the new pointer. If an xDelete callback
+**   was specified along with the original pointer, it is invoked at this
+**   point.
+**
+**   The xDelete callback, if one is specified, is also invoked on the
+**   auxiliary data pointer after the FTS5 query has finished.
+**
+**   If an error (e.g. an OOM condition) occurs within this function, an
+**   the auxiliary data is set to NULL and an error code returned. If the
+**   xDelete parameter was not NULL, it is invoked on the auxiliary data
+**   pointer before returning.
+**
+**
+** xGetAuxdata(pFts5, bClear)
+**
+**   Returns the current auxiliary data pointer for the fts5 extension 
+**   function. See the xSetAuxdata() method for details.
+**
+**   If the bClear argument is non-zero, then the auxiliary data is cleared
+**   (set to NULL) before this function returns. In this case the xDelete,
+**   if any, is not invoked.
+**
+**
+** xRowCount(pFts5, pnRow)
+**
+**   This function is used to retrieve the total number of rows in the table.
+**   In other words, the same value that would be returned by:
+**
+**        SELECT count(*) FROM ftstable;
+**
+** xPhraseFirst()
+**   This function is used, along with type Fts5PhraseIter and the xPhraseNext
+**   method, to iterate through all instances of a single query phrase within
+**   the current row. This is the same information as is accessible via the
+**   xInstCount/xInst APIs. While the xInstCount/xInst APIs are more convenient
+**   to use, this API may be faster under some circumstances. To iterate 
+**   through instances of phrase iPhrase, use the following code:
+**
+**       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
+**       int iCol, iOff;
+**       for(pApi->xPhraseFirst(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol, &iOff);
+**           iCol>=0;
+**           pApi->xPhraseNext(pFts, &iter, &iCol, &iOff)
+**       ){
+**         // An instance of phrase iPhrase at offset iOff of column iCol
+**       }
+**
+**   The Fts5PhraseIter structure is defined above. Applications should not
+**   modify this structure directly - it should only be used as shown above
+**   with the xPhraseFirst() and xPhraseNext() API methods (and by
+**   xPhraseFirstColumn() and xPhraseNextColumn() as illustrated below).
+**
+**   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
+**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created 
+**   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option 
+**   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always iterates
+**   through an empty set (all calls to xPhraseFirst() set iCol to -1).
+**
+** xPhraseNext()
+**   See xPhraseFirst above.
+**
+** xPhraseFirstColumn()
+**   This function and xPhraseNextColumn() are similar to the xPhraseFirst()
+**   and xPhraseNext() APIs described above. The difference is that instead
+**   of iterating through all instances of a phrase in the current row, these
+**   APIs are used to iterate through the set of columns in the current row
+**   that contain one or more instances of a specified phrase. For example:
+**
+**       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
+**       int iCol;
+**       for(pApi->xPhraseFirstColumn(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol);
+**           iCol>=0;
+**           pApi->xPhraseNextColumn(pFts, &iter, &iCol)
+**       ){
+**         // Column iCol contains at least one instance of phrase iPhrase
+**       }
+**
+**   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
+**   "detail=none" option. If the FTS5 table is created with either 
+**   "detail=none" "content=" option (i.e. if it is a contentless table), 
+**   then this API always iterates through an empty set (all calls to 
+**   xPhraseFirstColumn() set iCol to -1).
+**
+**   The information accessed using this API and its companion
+**   xPhraseFirstColumn() may also be obtained using xPhraseFirst/xPhraseNext
+**   (or xInst/xInstCount). The chief advantage of this API is that it is
+**   significantly more efficient than those alternatives when used with
+**   "detail=column" tables.  
+**
+** xPhraseNextColumn()
+**   See xPhraseFirstColumn above.
+*/
+struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
+  int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 3 */
+
+  void *(*xUserData)(Fts5Context*);
+
+  int (*xColumnCount)(Fts5Context*);
+  int (*xRowCount)(Fts5Context*, sqlite3_int64 *pnRow);
+  int (*xColumnTotalSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, sqlite3_int64 *pnToken);
+
+  int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Context*, 
+    const char *pText, int nText, /* Text to tokenize */
+    void *pCtx,                   /* Context passed to xToken() */
+    int (*xToken)(void*, int, const char*, int, int, int)       /* Callback */
+  );
+
+  int (*xPhraseCount)(Fts5Context*);
+  int (*xPhraseSize)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase);
+
+  int (*xInstCount)(Fts5Context*, int *pnInst);
+  int (*xInst)(Fts5Context*, int iIdx, int *piPhrase, int *piCol, int *piOff);
+
+  sqlite3_int64 (*xRowid)(Fts5Context*);
+  int (*xColumnText)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, const char **pz, int *pn);
+  int (*xColumnSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, int *pnToken);
+
+  int (*xQueryPhrase)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, void *pUserData,
+    int(*)(const Fts5ExtensionApi*,Fts5Context*,void*)
+  );
+  int (*xSetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, void *pAux, void(*xDelete)(void*));
+  void *(*xGetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, int bClear);
+
+  int (*xPhraseFirst)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*, int*);
+  void (*xPhraseNext)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol, int *piOff);
+
+  int (*xPhraseFirstColumn)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*);
+  void (*xPhraseNextColumn)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol);
+};
+
+/* 
+** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
+*************************************************************************/
+
+/*************************************************************************
+** CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
+**
+** Applications may also register custom tokenizer types. A tokenizer 
+** is registered by providing fts5 with a populated instance of the 
+** following structure. All structure methods must be defined, setting
+** any member of the fts5_tokenizer struct to NULL leads to undefined
+** behaviour. The structure methods are expected to function as follows:
+**
+** xCreate:
+**   This function is used to allocate and initialize a tokenizer instance.
+**   A tokenizer instance is required to actually tokenize text.
+**
+**   The first argument passed to this function is a copy of the (void*)
+**   pointer provided by the application when the fts5_tokenizer object
+**   was registered with FTS5 (the third argument to xCreateTokenizer()). 
+**   The second and third arguments are an array of nul-terminated strings
+**   containing the tokenizer arguments, if any, specified following the
+**   tokenizer name as part of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement used
+**   to create the FTS5 table.
+**
+**   The final argument is an output variable. If successful, (*ppOut) 
+**   should be set to point to the new tokenizer handle and SQLITE_OK
+**   returned. If an error occurs, some value other than SQLITE_OK should
+**   be returned. In this case, fts5 assumes that the final value of *ppOut 
+**   is undefined.
+**
+** xDelete:
+**   This function is invoked to delete a tokenizer handle previously
+**   allocated using xCreate(). Fts5 guarantees that this function will
+**   be invoked exactly once for each successful call to xCreate().
+**
+** xTokenize:
+**   This function is expected to tokenize the nText byte string indicated 
+**   by argument pText. pText may or may not be nul-terminated. The first
+**   argument passed to this function is a pointer to an Fts5Tokenizer object
+**   returned by an earlier call to xCreate().
+**
+**   The second argument indicates the reason that FTS5 is requesting
+**   tokenization of the supplied text. This is always one of the following
+**   four values:
+**
+**   <ul><li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT</b> - A document is being inserted into
+**            or removed from the FTS table. The tokenizer is being invoked to
+**            determine the set of tokens to add to (or delete from) the
+**            FTS index.
+**
+**       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY</b> - A MATCH query is being executed 
+**            against the FTS index. The tokenizer is being called to tokenize 
+**            a bareword or quoted string specified as part of the query.
+**
+**       <li> <b>(FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY | FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX)</b> - Same as
+**            FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY, except that the bareword or quoted string is
+**            followed by a "*" character, indicating that the last token
+**            returned by the tokenizer will be treated as a token prefix.
+**
+**       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX</b> - The tokenizer is being invoked to 
+**            satisfy an fts5_api.xTokenize() request made by an auxiliary
+**            function. Or an fts5_api.xColumnSize() request made by the same
+**            on a columnsize=0 database.  
+**   </ul>
+**
+**   For each token in the input string, the supplied callback xToken() must
+**   be invoked. The first argument to it should be a copy of the pointer
+**   passed as the second argument to xTokenize(). The third and fourth
+**   arguments are a pointer to a buffer containing the token text, and the
+**   size of the token in bytes. The 4th and 5th arguments are the byte offsets
+**   of the first byte of and first byte immediately following the text from
+**   which the token is derived within the input.
+**
+**   The second argument passed to the xToken() callback ("tflags") should
+**   normally be set to 0. The exception is if the tokenizer supports 
+**   synonyms. In this case see the discussion below for details.
+**
+**   FTS5 assumes the xToken() callback is invoked for each token in the 
+**   order that they occur within the input text.
+**
+**   If an xToken() callback returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, then
+**   the tokenization should be abandoned and the xTokenize() method should
+**   immediately return a copy of the xToken() return value. Or, if the
+**   input buffer is exhausted, xTokenize() should return SQLITE_OK. Finally,
+**   if an error occurs with the xTokenize() implementation itself, it
+**   may abandon the tokenization and return any error code other than
+**   SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_DONE.
+**
+** SYNONYM SUPPORT
+**
+**   Custom tokenizers may also support synonyms. Consider a case in which a
+**   user wishes to query for a phrase such as "first place". Using the 
+**   built-in tokenizers, the FTS5 query 'first + place' will match instances
+**   of "first place" within the document set, but not alternative forms
+**   such as "1st place". In some applications, it would be better to match
+**   all instances of "first place" or "1st place" regardless of which form
+**   the user specified in the MATCH query text.
+**
+**   There are several ways to approach this in FTS5:
+**
+**   <ol><li> By mapping all synonyms to a single token. In this case, the 
+**            In the above example, this means that the tokenizer returns the
+**            same token for inputs "first" and "1st". Say that token is in
+**            fact "first", so that when the user inserts the document "I won
+**            1st place" entries are added to the index for tokens "i", "won",
+**            "first" and "place". If the user then queries for '1st + place',
+**            the tokenizer substitutes "first" for "1st" and the query works
+**            as expected.
+**
+**       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
+**            In this case, when tokenizing query text, the tokenizer may 
+**            provide multiple synonyms for a single term within the document.
+**            FTS5 then queries the index for each synonym individually. For
+**            example, faced with the query:
+**
+**   <codeblock>
+**     ... MATCH 'first place'</codeblock>
+**
+**            the tokenizer offers both "1st" and "first" as synonyms for the
+**            first token in the MATCH query and FTS5 effectively runs a query 
+**            similar to:
+**
+**   <codeblock>
+**     ... MATCH '(first OR 1st) place'</codeblock>
+**
+**            except that, for the purposes of auxiliary functions, the query
+**            still appears to contain just two phrases - "(first OR 1st)" 
+**            being treated as a single phrase.
+**
+**       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
+**            Using this method, when tokenizing document text, the tokenizer
+**            provides multiple synonyms for each token. So that when a 
+**            document such as "I won first place" is tokenized, entries are
+**            added to the FTS index for "i", "won", "first", "1st" and
+**            "place".
+**
+**            This way, even if the tokenizer does not provide synonyms
+**            when tokenizing query text (it should not - to do would be
+**            inefficient), it doesn't matter if the user queries for 
+**            'first + place' or '1st + place', as there are entires in the
+**            FTS index corresponding to both forms of the first token.
+**   </ol>
+**
+**   Whether it is parsing document or query text, any call to xToken that
+**   specifies a <i>tflags</i> argument with the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED bit
+**   is considered to supply a synonym for the previous token. For example,
+**   when parsing the document "I won first place", a tokenizer that supports
+**   synonyms would call xToken() 5 times, as follows:
+**
+**   <codeblock>
+**       xToken(pCtx, 0, "i",                      1,  0,  1);
+**       xToken(pCtx, 0, "won",                    3,  2,  5);
+**       xToken(pCtx, 0, "first",                  5,  6, 11);
+**       xToken(pCtx, FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED, "1st", 3,  6, 11);
+**       xToken(pCtx, 0, "place",                  5, 12, 17);
+**</codeblock>
+**
+**   It is an error to specify the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED flag the first time
+**   xToken() is called. Multiple synonyms may be specified for a single token
+**   by making multiple calls to xToken(FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED) in sequence. 
+**   There is no limit to the number of synonyms that may be provided for a
+**   single token.
+**
+**   In many cases, method (1) above is the best approach. It does not add 
+**   extra data to the FTS index or require FTS5 to query for multiple terms,
+**   so it is efficient in terms of disk space and query speed. However, it
+**   does not support prefix queries very well. If, as suggested above, the
+**   token "first" is subsituted for "1st" by the tokenizer, then the query:
+**
+**   <codeblock>
+**     ... MATCH '1s*'</codeblock>
+**
+**   will not match documents that contain the token "1st" (as the tokenizer
+**   will probably not map "1s" to any prefix of "first").
+**
+**   For full prefix support, method (3) may be preferred. In this case, 
+**   because the index contains entries for both "first" and "1st", prefix
+**   queries such as 'fi*' or '1s*' will match correctly. However, because
+**   extra entries are added to the FTS index, this method uses more space
+**   within the database.
+**
+**   Method (2) offers a midpoint between (1) and (3). Using this method,
+**   a query such as '1s*' will match documents that contain the literal 
+**   token "1st", but not "first" (assuming the tokenizer is not able to
+**   provide synonyms for prefixes). However, a non-prefix query like '1st'
+**   will match against "1st" and "first". This method does not require
+**   extra disk space, as no extra entries are added to the FTS index. 
+**   On the other hand, it may require more CPU cycles to run MATCH queries,
+**   as separate queries of the FTS index are required for each synonym.
+**
+**   When using methods (2) or (3), it is important that the tokenizer only
+**   provide synonyms when tokenizing document text (method (2)) or query
+**   text (method (3)), not both. Doing so will not cause any errors, but is
+**   inefficient.
+*/
+typedef struct Fts5Tokenizer Fts5Tokenizer;
+typedef struct fts5_tokenizer fts5_tokenizer;
+struct fts5_tokenizer {
+  int (*xCreate)(void*, const char **azArg, int nArg, Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut);
+  void (*xDelete)(Fts5Tokenizer*);
+  int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Tokenizer*, 
+      void *pCtx,
+      int flags,            /* Mask of FTS5_TOKENIZE_* flags */
+      const char *pText, int nText, 
+      int (*xToken)(
+        void *pCtx,         /* Copy of 2nd argument to xTokenize() */
+        int tflags,         /* Mask of FTS5_TOKEN_* flags */
+        const char *pToken, /* Pointer to buffer containing token */
+        int nToken,         /* Size of token in bytes */
+        int iStart,         /* Byte offset of token within input text */
+        int iEnd            /* Byte offset of end of token within input text */
+      )
+  );
+};
+
+/* Flags that may be passed as the third argument to xTokenize() */
+#define FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY     0x0001
+#define FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX    0x0002
+#define FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT  0x0004
+#define FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX       0x0008
+
+/* Flags that may be passed by the tokenizer implementation back to FTS5
+** as the third argument to the supplied xToken callback. */
+#define FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED    0x0001      /* Same position as prev. token */
+
+/*
+** END OF CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
+*************************************************************************/
+
+/*************************************************************************
+** FTS5 EXTENSION REGISTRATION API
+*/
+typedef struct fts5_api fts5_api;
+struct fts5_api {
+  int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 2 */
+
+  /* Create a new tokenizer */
+  int (*xCreateTokenizer)(
+    fts5_api *pApi,
+    const char *zName,
+    void *pContext,
+    fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer,
+    void (*xDestroy)(void*)
+  );
+
+  /* Find an existing tokenizer */
+  int (*xFindTokenizer)(
+    fts5_api *pApi,
+    const char *zName,
+    void **ppContext,
+    fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer
+  );
+
+  /* Create a new auxiliary function */
+  int (*xCreateFunction)(
+    fts5_api *pApi,
+    const char *zName,
+    void *pContext,
+    fts5_extension_function xFunction,
+    void (*xDestroy)(void*)
+  );
+};
+
+/*
+** END OF REGISTRATION API
+*************************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _FTS5_H */
+
+/******** End of fts5.h *********/
+ cbits/sqlite3ext.h view
@@ -0,0 +1,564 @@+/*
+** 2006 June 7
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+** This header file defines the SQLite interface for use by
+** shared libraries that want to be imported as extensions into
+** an SQLite instance.  Shared libraries that intend to be loaded
+** as extensions by SQLite should #include this file instead of 
+** sqlite3.h.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE3EXT_H
+#define SQLITE3EXT_H
+#include "sqlite3.h"
+
+/*
+** The following structure holds pointers to all of the SQLite API
+** routines.
+**
+** WARNING:  In order to maintain backwards compatibility, add new
+** interfaces to the end of this structure only.  If you insert new
+** interfaces in the middle of this structure, then older different
+** versions of SQLite will not be able to load each other's shared
+** libraries!
+*/
+struct sqlite3_api_routines {
+  void * (*aggregate_context)(sqlite3_context*,int nBytes);
+  int  (*aggregate_count)(sqlite3_context*);
+  int  (*bind_blob)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const void*,int n,void(*)(void*));
+  int  (*bind_double)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,double);
+  int  (*bind_int)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,int);
+  int  (*bind_int64)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,sqlite_int64);
+  int  (*bind_null)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+  int  (*bind_parameter_count)(sqlite3_stmt*);
+  int  (*bind_parameter_index)(sqlite3_stmt*,const char*zName);
+  const char * (*bind_parameter_name)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+  int  (*bind_text)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int n,void(*)(void*));
+  int  (*bind_text16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const void*,int,void(*)(void*));
+  int  (*bind_value)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const sqlite3_value*);
+  int  (*busy_handler)(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
+  int  (*busy_timeout)(sqlite3*,int ms);
+  int  (*changes)(sqlite3*);
+  int  (*close)(sqlite3*);
+  int  (*collation_needed)(sqlite3*,void*,void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,
+                           int eTextRep,const char*));
+  int  (*collation_needed16)(sqlite3*,void*,void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,
+                             int eTextRep,const void*));
+  const void * (*column_blob)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
+  int  (*column_bytes)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
+  int  (*column_bytes16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
+  int  (*column_count)(sqlite3_stmt*pStmt);
+  const char * (*column_database_name)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+  const void * (*column_database_name16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+  const char * (*column_decltype)(sqlite3_stmt*,int i);
+  const void * (*column_decltype16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+  double  (*column_double)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
+  int  (*column_int)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
+  sqlite_int64  (*column_int64)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
+  const char * (*column_name)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+  const void * (*column_name16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+  const char * (*column_origin_name)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+  const void * (*column_origin_name16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+  const char * (*column_table_name)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+  const void * (*column_table_name16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+  const unsigned char * (*column_text)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
+  const void * (*column_text16)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
+  int  (*column_type)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
+  sqlite3_value* (*column_value)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
+  void * (*commit_hook)(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*),void*);
+  int  (*complete)(const char*sql);
+  int  (*complete16)(const void*sql);
+  int  (*create_collation)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,void*,
+                           int(*)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*));
+  int  (*create_collation16)(sqlite3*,const void*,int,void*,
+                             int(*)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*));
+  int  (*create_function)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,int,void*,
+                          void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
+                          void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
+                          void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*));
+  int  (*create_function16)(sqlite3*,const void*,int,int,void*,
+                            void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
+                            void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
+                            void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*));
+  int (*create_module)(sqlite3*,const char*,const sqlite3_module*,void*);
+  int  (*data_count)(sqlite3_stmt*pStmt);
+  sqlite3 * (*db_handle)(sqlite3_stmt*);
+  int (*declare_vtab)(sqlite3*,const char*);
+  int  (*enable_shared_cache)(int);
+  int  (*errcode)(sqlite3*db);
+  const char * (*errmsg)(sqlite3*);
+  const void * (*errmsg16)(sqlite3*);
+  int  (*exec)(sqlite3*,const char*,sqlite3_callback,void*,char**);
+  int  (*expired)(sqlite3_stmt*);
+  int  (*finalize)(sqlite3_stmt*pStmt);
+  void  (*free)(void*);
+  void  (*free_table)(char**result);
+  int  (*get_autocommit)(sqlite3*);
+  void * (*get_auxdata)(sqlite3_context*,int);
+  int  (*get_table)(sqlite3*,const char*,char***,int*,int*,char**);
+  int  (*global_recover)(void);
+  void  (*interruptx)(sqlite3*);
+  sqlite_int64  (*last_insert_rowid)(sqlite3*);
+  const char * (*libversion)(void);
+  int  (*libversion_number)(void);
+  void *(*malloc)(int);
+  char * (*mprintf)(const char*,...);
+  int  (*open)(const char*,sqlite3**);
+  int  (*open16)(const void*,sqlite3**);
+  int  (*prepare)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,sqlite3_stmt**,const char**);
+  int  (*prepare16)(sqlite3*,const void*,int,sqlite3_stmt**,const void**);
+  void * (*profile)(sqlite3*,void(*)(void*,const char*,sqlite_uint64),void*);
+  void  (*progress_handler)(sqlite3*,int,int(*)(void*),void*);
+  void *(*realloc)(void*,int);
+  int  (*reset)(sqlite3_stmt*pStmt);
+  void  (*result_blob)(sqlite3_context*,const void*,int,void(*)(void*));
+  void  (*result_double)(sqlite3_context*,double);
+  void  (*result_error)(sqlite3_context*,const char*,int);
+  void  (*result_error16)(sqlite3_context*,const void*,int);
+  void  (*result_int)(sqlite3_context*,int);
+  void  (*result_int64)(sqlite3_context*,sqlite_int64);
+  void  (*result_null)(sqlite3_context*);
+  void  (*result_text)(sqlite3_context*,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
+  void  (*result_text16)(sqlite3_context*,const void*,int,void(*)(void*));
+  void  (*result_text16be)(sqlite3_context*,const void*,int,void(*)(void*));
+  void  (*result_text16le)(sqlite3_context*,const void*,int,void(*)(void*));
+  void  (*result_value)(sqlite3_context*,sqlite3_value*);
+  void * (*rollback_hook)(sqlite3*,void(*)(void*),void*);
+  int  (*set_authorizer)(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,
+                         const char*,const char*),void*);
+  void  (*set_auxdata)(sqlite3_context*,int,void*,void (*)(void*));
+  char * (*snprintf)(int,char*,const char*,...);
+  int  (*step)(sqlite3_stmt*);
+  int  (*table_column_metadata)(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*,const char*,
+                                char const**,char const**,int*,int*,int*);
+  void  (*thread_cleanup)(void);
+  int  (*total_changes)(sqlite3*);
+  void * (*trace)(sqlite3*,void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*),void*);
+  int  (*transfer_bindings)(sqlite3_stmt*,sqlite3_stmt*);
+  void * (*update_hook)(sqlite3*,void(*)(void*,int ,char const*,char const*,
+                                         sqlite_int64),void*);
+  void * (*user_data)(sqlite3_context*);
+  const void * (*value_blob)(sqlite3_value*);
+  int  (*value_bytes)(sqlite3_value*);
+  int  (*value_bytes16)(sqlite3_value*);
+  double  (*value_double)(sqlite3_value*);
+  int  (*value_int)(sqlite3_value*);
+  sqlite_int64  (*value_int64)(sqlite3_value*);
+  int  (*value_numeric_type)(sqlite3_value*);
+  const unsigned char * (*value_text)(sqlite3_value*);
+  const void * (*value_text16)(sqlite3_value*);
+  const void * (*value_text16be)(sqlite3_value*);
+  const void * (*value_text16le)(sqlite3_value*);
+  int  (*value_type)(sqlite3_value*);
+  char *(*vmprintf)(const char*,va_list);
+  /* Added ??? */
+  int (*overload_function)(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
+  /* Added by 3.3.13 */
+  int (*prepare_v2)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,sqlite3_stmt**,const char**);
+  int (*prepare16_v2)(sqlite3*,const void*,int,sqlite3_stmt**,const void**);
+  int (*clear_bindings)(sqlite3_stmt*);
+  /* Added by 3.4.1 */
+  int (*create_module_v2)(sqlite3*,const char*,const sqlite3_module*,void*,
+                          void (*xDestroy)(void *));
+  /* Added by 3.5.0 */
+  int (*bind_zeroblob)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,int);
+  int (*blob_bytes)(sqlite3_blob*);
+  int (*blob_close)(sqlite3_blob*);
+  int (*blob_open)(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*,const char*,sqlite3_int64,
+                   int,sqlite3_blob**);
+  int (*blob_read)(sqlite3_blob*,void*,int,int);
+  int (*blob_write)(sqlite3_blob*,const void*,int,int);
+  int (*create_collation_v2)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,void*,
+                             int(*)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
+                             void(*)(void*));
+  int (*file_control)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,void*);
+  sqlite3_int64 (*memory_highwater)(int);
+  sqlite3_int64 (*memory_used)(void);
+  sqlite3_mutex *(*mutex_alloc)(int);
+  void (*mutex_enter)(sqlite3_mutex*);
+  void (*mutex_free)(sqlite3_mutex*);
+  void (*mutex_leave)(sqlite3_mutex*);
+  int (*mutex_try)(sqlite3_mutex*);
+  int (*open_v2)(const char*,sqlite3**,int,const char*);
+  int (*release_memory)(int);
+  void (*result_error_nomem)(sqlite3_context*);
+  void (*result_error_toobig)(sqlite3_context*);
+  int (*sleep)(int);
+  void (*soft_heap_limit)(int);
+  sqlite3_vfs *(*vfs_find)(const char*);
+  int (*vfs_register)(sqlite3_vfs*,int);
+  int (*vfs_unregister)(sqlite3_vfs*);
+  int (*xthreadsafe)(void);
+  void (*result_zeroblob)(sqlite3_context*,int);
+  void (*result_error_code)(sqlite3_context*,int);
+  int (*test_control)(int, ...);
+  void (*randomness)(int,void*);
+  sqlite3 *(*context_db_handle)(sqlite3_context*);
+  int (*extended_result_codes)(sqlite3*,int);
+  int (*limit)(sqlite3*,int,int);
+  sqlite3_stmt *(*next_stmt)(sqlite3*,sqlite3_stmt*);
+  const char *(*sql)(sqlite3_stmt*);
+  int (*status)(int,int*,int*,int);
+  int (*backup_finish)(sqlite3_backup*);
+  sqlite3_backup *(*backup_init)(sqlite3*,const char*,sqlite3*,const char*);
+  int (*backup_pagecount)(sqlite3_backup*);
+  int (*backup_remaining)(sqlite3_backup*);
+  int (*backup_step)(sqlite3_backup*,int);
+  const char *(*compileoption_get)(int);
+  int (*compileoption_used)(const char*);
+  int (*create_function_v2)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,int,void*,
+                            void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
+                            void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
+                            void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
+                            void(*xDestroy)(void*));
+  int (*db_config)(sqlite3*,int,...);
+  sqlite3_mutex *(*db_mutex)(sqlite3*);
+  int (*db_status)(sqlite3*,int,int*,int*,int);
+  int (*extended_errcode)(sqlite3*);
+  void (*log)(int,const char*,...);
+  sqlite3_int64 (*soft_heap_limit64)(sqlite3_int64);
+  const char *(*sourceid)(void);
+  int (*stmt_status)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,int);
+  int (*strnicmp)(const char*,const char*,int);
+  int (*unlock_notify)(sqlite3*,void(*)(void**,int),void*);
+  int (*wal_autocheckpoint)(sqlite3*,int);
+  int (*wal_checkpoint)(sqlite3*,const char*);
+  void *(*wal_hook)(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*,int),void*);
+  int (*blob_reopen)(sqlite3_blob*,sqlite3_int64);
+  int (*vtab_config)(sqlite3*,int op,...);
+  int (*vtab_on_conflict)(sqlite3*);
+  /* Version 3.7.16 and later */
+  int (*close_v2)(sqlite3*);
+  const char *(*db_filename)(sqlite3*,const char*);
+  int (*db_readonly)(sqlite3*,const char*);
+  int (*db_release_memory)(sqlite3*);
+  const char *(*errstr)(int);
+  int (*stmt_busy)(sqlite3_stmt*);
+  int (*stmt_readonly)(sqlite3_stmt*);
+  int (*stricmp)(const char*,const char*);
+  int (*uri_boolean)(const char*,const char*,int);
+  sqlite3_int64 (*uri_int64)(const char*,const char*,sqlite3_int64);
+  const char *(*uri_parameter)(const char*,const char*);
+  char *(*vsnprintf)(int,char*,const char*,va_list);
+  int (*wal_checkpoint_v2)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,int*,int*);
+  /* Version 3.8.7 and later */
+  int (*auto_extension)(void(*)(void));
+  int (*bind_blob64)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const void*,sqlite3_uint64,
+                     void(*)(void*));
+  int (*bind_text64)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
+                      void(*)(void*),unsigned char);
+  int (*cancel_auto_extension)(void(*)(void));
+  int (*load_extension)(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*,char**);
+  void *(*malloc64)(sqlite3_uint64);
+  sqlite3_uint64 (*msize)(void*);
+  void *(*realloc64)(void*,sqlite3_uint64);
+  void (*reset_auto_extension)(void);
+  void (*result_blob64)(sqlite3_context*,const void*,sqlite3_uint64,
+                        void(*)(void*));
+  void (*result_text64)(sqlite3_context*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
+                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char);
+  int (*strglob)(const char*,const char*);
+  /* Version 3.8.11 and later */
+  sqlite3_value *(*value_dup)(const sqlite3_value*);
+  void (*value_free)(sqlite3_value*);
+  int (*result_zeroblob64)(sqlite3_context*,sqlite3_uint64);
+  int (*bind_zeroblob64)(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
+  /* Version 3.9.0 and later */
+  unsigned int (*value_subtype)(sqlite3_value*);
+  void (*result_subtype)(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
+  /* Version 3.10.0 and later */
+  int (*status64)(int,sqlite3_int64*,sqlite3_int64*,int);
+  int (*strlike)(const char*,const char*,unsigned int);
+  int (*db_cacheflush)(sqlite3*);
+  /* Version 3.12.0 and later */
+  int (*system_errno)(sqlite3*);
+  /* Version 3.14.0 and later */
+  int (*trace_v2)(sqlite3*,unsigned,int(*)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),void*);
+  char *(*expanded_sql)(sqlite3_stmt*);
+  /* Version 3.18.0 and later */
+  void (*set_last_insert_rowid)(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
+};
+
+/*
+** This is the function signature used for all extension entry points.  It
+** is also defined in the file "loadext.c".
+*/
+typedef int (*sqlite3_loadext_entry)(
+  sqlite3 *db,                       /* Handle to the database. */
+  char **pzErrMsg,                   /* Used to set error string on failure. */
+  const sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk /* Extension API function pointers. */
+);
+
+/*
+** The following macros redefine the API routines so that they are
+** redirected through the global sqlite3_api structure.
+**
+** This header file is also used by the loadext.c source file
+** (part of the main SQLite library - not an extension) so that
+** it can get access to the sqlite3_api_routines structure
+** definition.  But the main library does not want to redefine
+** the API.  So the redefinition macros are only valid if the
+** SQLITE_CORE macros is undefined.
+*/
+#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION)
+#define sqlite3_aggregate_context      sqlite3_api->aggregate_context
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
+#define sqlite3_aggregate_count        sqlite3_api->aggregate_count
+#endif
+#define sqlite3_bind_blob              sqlite3_api->bind_blob
+#define sqlite3_bind_double            sqlite3_api->bind_double
+#define sqlite3_bind_int               sqlite3_api->bind_int
+#define sqlite3_bind_int64             sqlite3_api->bind_int64
+#define sqlite3_bind_null              sqlite3_api->bind_null
+#define sqlite3_bind_parameter_count   sqlite3_api->bind_parameter_count
+#define sqlite3_bind_parameter_index   sqlite3_api->bind_parameter_index
+#define sqlite3_bind_parameter_name    sqlite3_api->bind_parameter_name
+#define sqlite3_bind_text              sqlite3_api->bind_text
+#define sqlite3_bind_text16            sqlite3_api->bind_text16
+#define sqlite3_bind_value             sqlite3_api->bind_value
+#define sqlite3_busy_handler           sqlite3_api->busy_handler
+#define sqlite3_busy_timeout           sqlite3_api->busy_timeout
+#define sqlite3_changes                sqlite3_api->changes
+#define sqlite3_close                  sqlite3_api->close
+#define sqlite3_collation_needed       sqlite3_api->collation_needed
+#define sqlite3_collation_needed16     sqlite3_api->collation_needed16
+#define sqlite3_column_blob            sqlite3_api->column_blob
+#define sqlite3_column_bytes           sqlite3_api->column_bytes
+#define sqlite3_column_bytes16         sqlite3_api->column_bytes16
+#define sqlite3_column_count           sqlite3_api->column_count
+#define sqlite3_column_database_name   sqlite3_api->column_database_name
+#define sqlite3_column_database_name16 sqlite3_api->column_database_name16
+#define sqlite3_column_decltype        sqlite3_api->column_decltype
+#define sqlite3_column_decltype16      sqlite3_api->column_decltype16
+#define sqlite3_column_double          sqlite3_api->column_double
+#define sqlite3_column_int             sqlite3_api->column_int
+#define sqlite3_column_int64           sqlite3_api->column_int64
+#define sqlite3_column_name            sqlite3_api->column_name
+#define sqlite3_column_name16          sqlite3_api->column_name16
+#define sqlite3_column_origin_name     sqlite3_api->column_origin_name
+#define sqlite3_column_origin_name16   sqlite3_api->column_origin_name16
+#define sqlite3_column_table_name      sqlite3_api->column_table_name
+#define sqlite3_column_table_name16    sqlite3_api->column_table_name16
+#define sqlite3_column_text            sqlite3_api->column_text
+#define sqlite3_column_text16          sqlite3_api->column_text16
+#define sqlite3_column_type            sqlite3_api->column_type
+#define sqlite3_column_value           sqlite3_api->column_value
+#define sqlite3_commit_hook            sqlite3_api->commit_hook
+#define sqlite3_complete               sqlite3_api->complete
+#define sqlite3_complete16             sqlite3_api->complete16
+#define sqlite3_create_collation       sqlite3_api->create_collation
+#define sqlite3_create_collation16     sqlite3_api->create_collation16
+#define sqlite3_create_function        sqlite3_api->create_function
+#define sqlite3_create_function16      sqlite3_api->create_function16
+#define sqlite3_create_module          sqlite3_api->create_module
+#define sqlite3_create_module_v2       sqlite3_api->create_module_v2
+#define sqlite3_data_count             sqlite3_api->data_count
+#define sqlite3_db_handle              sqlite3_api->db_handle
+#define sqlite3_declare_vtab           sqlite3_api->declare_vtab
+#define sqlite3_enable_shared_cache    sqlite3_api->enable_shared_cache
+#define sqlite3_errcode                sqlite3_api->errcode
+#define sqlite3_errmsg                 sqlite3_api->errmsg
+#define sqlite3_errmsg16               sqlite3_api->errmsg16
+#define sqlite3_exec                   sqlite3_api->exec
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
+#define sqlite3_expired                sqlite3_api->expired
+#endif
+#define sqlite3_finalize               sqlite3_api->finalize
+#define sqlite3_free                   sqlite3_api->free
+#define sqlite3_free_table             sqlite3_api->free_table
+#define sqlite3_get_autocommit         sqlite3_api->get_autocommit
+#define sqlite3_get_auxdata            sqlite3_api->get_auxdata
+#define sqlite3_get_table              sqlite3_api->get_table
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
+#define sqlite3_global_recover         sqlite3_api->global_recover
+#endif
+#define sqlite3_interrupt              sqlite3_api->interruptx
+#define sqlite3_last_insert_rowid      sqlite3_api->last_insert_rowid
+#define sqlite3_libversion             sqlite3_api->libversion
+#define sqlite3_libversion_number      sqlite3_api->libversion_number
+#define sqlite3_malloc                 sqlite3_api->malloc
+#define sqlite3_mprintf                sqlite3_api->mprintf
+#define sqlite3_open                   sqlite3_api->open
+#define sqlite3_open16                 sqlite3_api->open16
+#define sqlite3_prepare                sqlite3_api->prepare
+#define sqlite3_prepare16              sqlite3_api->prepare16
+#define sqlite3_prepare_v2             sqlite3_api->prepare_v2
+#define sqlite3_prepare16_v2           sqlite3_api->prepare16_v2
+#define sqlite3_profile                sqlite3_api->profile
+#define sqlite3_progress_handler       sqlite3_api->progress_handler
+#define sqlite3_realloc                sqlite3_api->realloc
+#define sqlite3_reset                  sqlite3_api->reset
+#define sqlite3_result_blob            sqlite3_api->result_blob
+#define sqlite3_result_double          sqlite3_api->result_double
+#define sqlite3_result_error           sqlite3_api->result_error
+#define sqlite3_result_error16         sqlite3_api->result_error16
+#define sqlite3_result_int             sqlite3_api->result_int
+#define sqlite3_result_int64           sqlite3_api->result_int64
+#define sqlite3_result_null            sqlite3_api->result_null
+#define sqlite3_result_text            sqlite3_api->result_text
+#define sqlite3_result_text16          sqlite3_api->result_text16
+#define sqlite3_result_text16be        sqlite3_api->result_text16be
+#define sqlite3_result_text16le        sqlite3_api->result_text16le
+#define sqlite3_result_value           sqlite3_api->result_value
+#define sqlite3_rollback_hook          sqlite3_api->rollback_hook
+#define sqlite3_set_authorizer         sqlite3_api->set_authorizer
+#define sqlite3_set_auxdata            sqlite3_api->set_auxdata
+#define sqlite3_snprintf               sqlite3_api->snprintf
+#define sqlite3_step                   sqlite3_api->step
+#define sqlite3_table_column_metadata  sqlite3_api->table_column_metadata
+#define sqlite3_thread_cleanup         sqlite3_api->thread_cleanup
+#define sqlite3_total_changes          sqlite3_api->total_changes
+#define sqlite3_trace                  sqlite3_api->trace
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
+#define sqlite3_transfer_bindings      sqlite3_api->transfer_bindings
+#endif
+#define sqlite3_update_hook            sqlite3_api->update_hook
+#define sqlite3_user_data              sqlite3_api->user_data
+#define sqlite3_value_blob             sqlite3_api->value_blob
+#define sqlite3_value_bytes            sqlite3_api->value_bytes
+#define sqlite3_value_bytes16          sqlite3_api->value_bytes16
+#define sqlite3_value_double           sqlite3_api->value_double
+#define sqlite3_value_int              sqlite3_api->value_int
+#define sqlite3_value_int64            sqlite3_api->value_int64
+#define sqlite3_value_numeric_type     sqlite3_api->value_numeric_type
+#define sqlite3_value_text             sqlite3_api->value_text
+#define sqlite3_value_text16           sqlite3_api->value_text16
+#define sqlite3_value_text16be         sqlite3_api->value_text16be
+#define sqlite3_value_text16le         sqlite3_api->value_text16le
+#define sqlite3_value_type             sqlite3_api->value_type
+#define sqlite3_vmprintf               sqlite3_api->vmprintf
+#define sqlite3_vsnprintf              sqlite3_api->vsnprintf
+#define sqlite3_overload_function      sqlite3_api->overload_function
+#define sqlite3_prepare_v2             sqlite3_api->prepare_v2
+#define sqlite3_prepare16_v2           sqlite3_api->prepare16_v2
+#define sqlite3_clear_bindings         sqlite3_api->clear_bindings
+#define sqlite3_bind_zeroblob          sqlite3_api->bind_zeroblob
+#define sqlite3_blob_bytes             sqlite3_api->blob_bytes
+#define sqlite3_blob_close             sqlite3_api->blob_close
+#define sqlite3_blob_open              sqlite3_api->blob_open
+#define sqlite3_blob_read              sqlite3_api->blob_read
+#define sqlite3_blob_write             sqlite3_api->blob_write
+#define sqlite3_create_collation_v2    sqlite3_api->create_collation_v2
+#define sqlite3_file_control           sqlite3_api->file_control
+#define sqlite3_memory_highwater       sqlite3_api->memory_highwater
+#define sqlite3_memory_used            sqlite3_api->memory_used
+#define sqlite3_mutex_alloc            sqlite3_api->mutex_alloc
+#define sqlite3_mutex_enter            sqlite3_api->mutex_enter
+#define sqlite3_mutex_free             sqlite3_api->mutex_free
+#define sqlite3_mutex_leave            sqlite3_api->mutex_leave
+#define sqlite3_mutex_try              sqlite3_api->mutex_try
+#define sqlite3_open_v2                sqlite3_api->open_v2
+#define sqlite3_release_memory         sqlite3_api->release_memory
+#define sqlite3_result_error_nomem     sqlite3_api->result_error_nomem
+#define sqlite3_result_error_toobig    sqlite3_api->result_error_toobig
+#define sqlite3_sleep                  sqlite3_api->sleep
+#define sqlite3_soft_heap_limit        sqlite3_api->soft_heap_limit
+#define sqlite3_vfs_find               sqlite3_api->vfs_find
+#define sqlite3_vfs_register           sqlite3_api->vfs_register
+#define sqlite3_vfs_unregister         sqlite3_api->vfs_unregister
+#define sqlite3_threadsafe             sqlite3_api->xthreadsafe
+#define sqlite3_result_zeroblob        sqlite3_api->result_zeroblob
+#define sqlite3_result_error_code      sqlite3_api->result_error_code
+#define sqlite3_test_control           sqlite3_api->test_control
+#define sqlite3_randomness             sqlite3_api->randomness
+#define sqlite3_context_db_handle      sqlite3_api->context_db_handle
+#define sqlite3_extended_result_codes  sqlite3_api->extended_result_codes
+#define sqlite3_limit                  sqlite3_api->limit
+#define sqlite3_next_stmt              sqlite3_api->next_stmt
+#define sqlite3_sql                    sqlite3_api->sql
+#define sqlite3_status                 sqlite3_api->status
+#define sqlite3_backup_finish          sqlite3_api->backup_finish
+#define sqlite3_backup_init            sqlite3_api->backup_init
+#define sqlite3_backup_pagecount       sqlite3_api->backup_pagecount
+#define sqlite3_backup_remaining       sqlite3_api->backup_remaining
+#define sqlite3_backup_step            sqlite3_api->backup_step
+#define sqlite3_compileoption_get      sqlite3_api->compileoption_get
+#define sqlite3_compileoption_used     sqlite3_api->compileoption_used
+#define sqlite3_create_function_v2     sqlite3_api->create_function_v2
+#define sqlite3_db_config              sqlite3_api->db_config
+#define sqlite3_db_mutex               sqlite3_api->db_mutex
+#define sqlite3_db_status              sqlite3_api->db_status
+#define sqlite3_extended_errcode       sqlite3_api->extended_errcode
+#define sqlite3_log                    sqlite3_api->log
+#define sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64      sqlite3_api->soft_heap_limit64
+#define sqlite3_sourceid               sqlite3_api->sourceid
+#define sqlite3_stmt_status            sqlite3_api->stmt_status
+#define sqlite3_strnicmp               sqlite3_api->strnicmp
+#define sqlite3_unlock_notify          sqlite3_api->unlock_notify
+#define sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint     sqlite3_api->wal_autocheckpoint
+#define sqlite3_wal_checkpoint         sqlite3_api->wal_checkpoint
+#define sqlite3_wal_hook               sqlite3_api->wal_hook
+#define sqlite3_blob_reopen            sqlite3_api->blob_reopen
+#define sqlite3_vtab_config            sqlite3_api->vtab_config
+#define sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict       sqlite3_api->vtab_on_conflict
+/* Version 3.7.16 and later */
+#define sqlite3_close_v2               sqlite3_api->close_v2
+#define sqlite3_db_filename            sqlite3_api->db_filename
+#define sqlite3_db_readonly            sqlite3_api->db_readonly
+#define sqlite3_db_release_memory      sqlite3_api->db_release_memory
+#define sqlite3_errstr                 sqlite3_api->errstr
+#define sqlite3_stmt_busy              sqlite3_api->stmt_busy
+#define sqlite3_stmt_readonly          sqlite3_api->stmt_readonly
+#define sqlite3_stricmp                sqlite3_api->stricmp
+#define sqlite3_uri_boolean            sqlite3_api->uri_boolean
+#define sqlite3_uri_int64              sqlite3_api->uri_int64
+#define sqlite3_uri_parameter          sqlite3_api->uri_parameter
+#define sqlite3_uri_vsnprintf          sqlite3_api->vsnprintf
+#define sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2      sqlite3_api->wal_checkpoint_v2
+/* Version 3.8.7 and later */
+#define sqlite3_auto_extension         sqlite3_api->auto_extension
+#define sqlite3_bind_blob64            sqlite3_api->bind_blob64
+#define sqlite3_bind_text64            sqlite3_api->bind_text64
+#define sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension  sqlite3_api->cancel_auto_extension
+#define sqlite3_load_extension         sqlite3_api->load_extension
+#define sqlite3_malloc64               sqlite3_api->malloc64
+#define sqlite3_msize                  sqlite3_api->msize
+#define sqlite3_realloc64              sqlite3_api->realloc64
+#define sqlite3_reset_auto_extension   sqlite3_api->reset_auto_extension
+#define sqlite3_result_blob64          sqlite3_api->result_blob64
+#define sqlite3_result_text64          sqlite3_api->result_text64
+#define sqlite3_strglob                sqlite3_api->strglob
+/* Version 3.8.11 and later */
+#define sqlite3_value_dup              sqlite3_api->value_dup
+#define sqlite3_value_free             sqlite3_api->value_free
+#define sqlite3_result_zeroblob64      sqlite3_api->result_zeroblob64
+#define sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64        sqlite3_api->bind_zeroblob64
+/* Version 3.9.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_value_subtype          sqlite3_api->value_subtype
+#define sqlite3_result_subtype         sqlite3_api->result_subtype
+/* Version 3.10.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_status64               sqlite3_api->status64
+#define sqlite3_strlike                sqlite3_api->strlike
+#define sqlite3_db_cacheflush          sqlite3_api->db_cacheflush
+/* Version 3.12.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_system_errno           sqlite3_api->system_errno
+/* Version 3.14.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_trace_v2               sqlite3_api->trace_v2
+#define sqlite3_expanded_sql           sqlite3_api->expanded_sql
+/* Version 3.18.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid  sqlite3_api->set_last_insert_rowid
+#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION) */
+
+#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION)
+  /* This case when the file really is being compiled as a loadable 
+  ** extension */
+# define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1     const sqlite3_api_routines *sqlite3_api=0;
+# define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(v)  sqlite3_api=v;
+# define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT3     \
+    extern const sqlite3_api_routines *sqlite3_api;
+#else
+  /* This case when the file is being statically linked into the 
+  ** application */
+# define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1     /*no-op*/
+# define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(v)  (void)v; /* unused parameter */
+# define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT3     /*no-op*/
+#endif
+
+#endif /* SQLITE3EXT_H */
changelog view
@@ -1,150 +1,154 @@-v2.3.19-	* Upgrade embedded sqlite3 library to 3.15.2.--v2.3.18-	* Upgrade embedded sqlite3 library to 3.15.0.--	* Fix regressions in the test suite that were either introduced by changes-	  in GHC 8 and/or stuff we missed in previous releases.--v2.3.17-	* Use a randomly created temp file for test database when running-	unit tests instead of a hardcoded file under 'dist/'.  Hopefully-	fixes https://github.com/IreneKnapp/direct-sqlite/issues/60--v2.3.16-	* Add an Eq instance for SQLError--v2.3.15-	* Add support for the online backup API--	* Add support for incremental blob I/O--	* Add support for zeroblobs--	* Add support for enabling/disabling the shared cache mode--	* Add low-level bindings to sqlite3_wal_hook--	* Add function for retrieving the db handle from a custom function-	  context.--	* Add bindings for sqlite3_errcode--	* Improve Travis CI coverage to cover more GHC versions (GHC 7.4 and higher)--	* Big thanks to Mario Titas and Marcin Tolysz for the above!--v2.3.14-	* Add custom functions, aggregates and collations.--	* Upgrade the bundled SQLite3 library to 3.8.5.--	* Add bindings for controlling whether extension loading is-	  enabled or disabled.--	* Bump text and bytestring versions (actually, risking it and-	  removing upper bounds)--v2.3.13-	* Add support for named parameters to queries.  Split this changelog into-	  a separate file (preserving its history).--v2.3.12-	* Upgrade bundled SQLite3 to 3.8.4.1.--v2.3.11--	* Add support for URI filenames, and default to having them-	  on. Among other things, this enables using in-memory databases.--v2.3.10--	* Add support for compiling the bundled SQLite3 with URI filename-	  support. Specifying flags that would have affected the bundled-	  SQLite3 no longer causes build failure if the "systemlib" flag-	  is specified.--v2.3.9--	* Update bounds on the requirement on the "text" library.--v2.3.8--	* Upgrade bundled SQLite3 to 3.8.1.--v2.3.7--	* Fix a test failure related to 64-bit math on column indices.--v2.3.6--	* Re-apply the stat64 hack after upgrade to the bundled-SQLite3.  Oops!--v2.3.5--	* Add support to compile bundled SQLite3 with full-text-	  search.  Upgrade bundled SQLite3 to 3.7.17.--v2.3.4--	* Work around a linker error on some systems; add column-name-	  reporting.--v2.3.3.1--	* Upgrade bundled SQLite3 to 3.7.15.2.--v2.3.3--	* Add trace support, as a feature for debugging.--v2.3.2--	* Add execPrint, execWithCallback, and interruptibly functions.-	  Add bindings for sqlite3_last_insert_rowid and sqlite3_changes.-	  Change the Show instance of the Utf8 newtype to better match the-	  IsString instance.--v2.3.1--	* Upgrade the bundled SQLite3 to 3.7.15.  Add bindings for-	  sqlite3_interrupt.  Export Int rather than CInt.--v2.3--	* Mark some FFI calls "unsafe", for a substantial performance-	  benefit.--v2.2.1--	* Bump down text library version to match with the latest Haskell-	  Platform.--v2.2--	* Actually does what version 2.1 claimed to, since the author made-	  a mistake with git.--v2.1--	* Improves handling of invalid UTF-8 and changes error handling to-	  be more complete.  It also adds a build flag to build against the-	  system sqlite instead of the bundled one, optionally-	  (disabled by default).--v2.0--	* Uses Text for strings instead of String.--v1.1.0.1--	* Switches to the Faction packaging system and makes-	  no other changes.--v1.1--	* Adds the SQLite amalgamation file (version 3.7.5) to the-	  project, so that there are no external dependencies.-+v2.3.20
+	* Enable use of usleep (thanks @dbdbdb)
+	* Add sqlite3.h and sqlite3ext.h to install-includes (thanks @duog)
+
+v2.3.19
+	* Upgrade embedded sqlite3 library to 3.15.2.
+
+v2.3.18
+	* Upgrade embedded sqlite3 library to 3.15.0.
+
+	* Fix regressions in the test suite that were either introduced by changes
+	  in GHC 8 and/or stuff we missed in previous releases.
+
+v2.3.17
+	* Use a randomly created temp file for test database when running
+	unit tests instead of a hardcoded file under 'dist/'.  Hopefully
+	fixes https://github.com/IreneKnapp/direct-sqlite/issues/60
+
+v2.3.16
+	* Add an Eq instance for SQLError
+
+v2.3.15
+	* Add support for the online backup API
+
+	* Add support for incremental blob I/O
+
+	* Add support for zeroblobs
+
+	* Add support for enabling/disabling the shared cache mode
+
+	* Add low-level bindings to sqlite3_wal_hook
+
+	* Add function for retrieving the db handle from a custom function
+	  context.
+
+	* Add bindings for sqlite3_errcode
+
+	* Improve Travis CI coverage to cover more GHC versions (GHC 7.4 and higher)
+
+	* Big thanks to Mario Titas and Marcin Tolysz for the above!
+
+v2.3.14
+	* Add custom functions, aggregates and collations.
+
+	* Upgrade the bundled SQLite3 library to 3.8.5.
+
+	* Add bindings for controlling whether extension loading is
+	  enabled or disabled.
+
+	* Bump text and bytestring versions (actually, risking it and
+	  removing upper bounds)
+
+v2.3.13
+	* Add support for named parameters to queries.  Split this changelog into
+	  a separate file (preserving its history).
+
+v2.3.12
+	* Upgrade bundled SQLite3 to 3.8.4.1.
+
+v2.3.11
+
+	* Add support for URI filenames, and default to having them
+	  on. Among other things, this enables using in-memory databases.
+
+v2.3.10
+
+	* Add support for compiling the bundled SQLite3 with URI filename
+	  support. Specifying flags that would have affected the bundled
+	  SQLite3 no longer causes build failure if the "systemlib" flag
+	  is specified.
+
+v2.3.9
+
+	* Update bounds on the requirement on the "text" library.
+
+v2.3.8
+
+	* Upgrade bundled SQLite3 to 3.8.1.
+
+v2.3.7
+
+	* Fix a test failure related to 64-bit math on column indices.
+
+v2.3.6
+
+	* Re-apply the stat64 hack after upgrade to the bundled
+SQLite3.  Oops!
+
+v2.3.5
+
+	* Add support to compile bundled SQLite3 with full-text
+	  search.  Upgrade bundled SQLite3 to 3.7.17.
+
+v2.3.4
+
+	* Work around a linker error on some systems; add column-name
+	  reporting.
+
+v2.3.3.1
+
+	* Upgrade bundled SQLite3 to 3.7.15.2.
+
+v2.3.3
+
+	* Add trace support, as a feature for debugging.
+
+v2.3.2
+
+	* Add execPrint, execWithCallback, and interruptibly functions.
+	  Add bindings for sqlite3_last_insert_rowid and sqlite3_changes.
+	  Change the Show instance of the Utf8 newtype to better match the
+	  IsString instance.
+
+v2.3.1
+
+	* Upgrade the bundled SQLite3 to 3.7.15.  Add bindings for
+	  sqlite3_interrupt.  Export Int rather than CInt.
+
+v2.3
+
+	* Mark some FFI calls "unsafe", for a substantial performance
+	  benefit.
+
+v2.2.1
+
+	* Bump down text library version to match with the latest Haskell
+	  Platform.
+
+v2.2
+
+	* Actually does what version 2.1 claimed to, since the author made
+	  a mistake with git.
+
+v2.1
+
+	* Improves handling of invalid UTF-8 and changes error handling to
+	  be more complete.  It also adds a build flag to build against the
+	  system sqlite instead of the bundled one, optionally
+	  (disabled by default).
+
+v2.0
+
+	* Uses Text for strings instead of String.
+
+v1.1.0.1
+
+	* Switches to the Faction packaging system and makes
+	  no other changes.
+
+v1.1
+
+	* Adds the SQLite amalgamation file (version 3.7.5) to the
+	  project, so that there are no external dependencies.
+
direct-sqlite.cabal view
@@ -1,109 +1,117 @@-name: direct-sqlite-version: 2.3.19-build-type: Simple-license: BSD3-license-file: LICENSE-copyright: Copyright (c) 2012, 2013 Irene Knapp-author: Irene Knapp <irene.knapp@icloud.com>-maintainer: Janne Hellsten <jjhellst@gmail.com>-homepage: https://github.com/IreneKnapp/direct-sqlite-bug-reports: https://github.com/IreneKnapp/direct-sqlite/issues/new-category: Database-synopsis: Low-level binding to SQLite3.  Includes UTF8 and BLOB support.-Cabal-version: >= 1.10-Build-type: Simple-description:-  This package is not very different from the other SQLite3 bindings out-  there, but it fixes a few deficiencies I was finding.  As compared to-  bindings-sqlite3, it is slightly higher-level, in that it supports-  marshalling of data values to and from the database.  In particular, it-  supports strings encoded as UTF8, and BLOBs represented as ByteStrings.--extra-source-files:-  cbits/sqlite3.c-  cbits/sqlite3.h-  changelog--Source-Repository head-  type: git-  location: git://github.com/IreneKnapp/direct-sqlite.git--flag systemlib-  description: Use the system-wide sqlite library-  default: False--flag fulltextsearch-  description: Enable full-text search when using the bundled sqlite library-  default: True--flag urifilenames-  description: Enable URI filenames when using the bundled sqlite library-  default: True--Library-  exposed-modules:-    Database.SQLite3-    Database.SQLite3.Direct-    Database.SQLite3.Bindings-    Database.SQLite3.Bindings.Types--  if flag(systemlib) {-    cpp-options: -Ddirect_sqlite_systemlib-    extra-libraries: sqlite3-  } else {-    if !os(windows) {-      extra-libraries: pthread-    }-    c-sources: cbits/sqlite3.c-    if flag(fulltextsearch) && flag(urifilenames) {-      cc-options: -DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3-                  -DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS-                  -DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4-                  -DSQLITE_USE_URI-    } else {-      if flag(fulltextsearch) {-        cc-options: -DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3-                    -DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS-                    -DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4-      }-      if flag(urifilenames) {-        cc-options: -DSQLITE_USE_URI-      }-    }-  }--  include-dirs: .-  build-depends: base >= 4.1 && < 5,-                 bytestring >= 0.9.2.1,-                 text >= 0.11-  ghc-options: -Wall -fwarn-tabs-  default-language: Haskell2010---test-suite test-  type:           exitcode-stdio-1.0--  hs-source-dirs: test-  main-is:        Main.hs-  other-modules:-    StrictEq--  ghc-options: -Wall -threaded -fno-warn-name-shadowing -fno-warn-unused-do-bind--  default-language: Haskell2010--  default-extensions: DeriveDataTypeable-                    , NamedFieldPuns-                    , OverloadedStrings-                    , Rank2Types-                    , RecordWildCards-                    , ScopedTypeVariables--  build-depends: base-               , base16-bytestring-               , bytestring-               , directory-               , HUnit-               , direct-sqlite-               , temporary-               , text+name: direct-sqlite
+version: 2.3.20
+build-type: Simple
+license: BSD3
+license-file: LICENSE
+copyright: Copyright (c) 2012, 2013 Irene Knapp
+author: Irene Knapp <irene.knapp@icloud.com>
+maintainer: Janne Hellsten <jjhellst@gmail.com>
+homepage: https://github.com/IreneKnapp/direct-sqlite
+bug-reports: https://github.com/IreneKnapp/direct-sqlite/issues/new
+category: Database
+synopsis: Low-level binding to SQLite3.  Includes UTF8 and BLOB support.
+Cabal-version: >= 1.10
+Build-type: Simple
+description:
+  This package is not very different from the other SQLite3 bindings out
+  there, but it fixes a few deficiencies I was finding.  As compared to
+  bindings-sqlite3, it is slightly higher-level, in that it supports
+  marshalling of data values to and from the database.  In particular, it
+  supports strings encoded as UTF8, and BLOBs represented as ByteStrings.
+
+extra-source-files:
+  cbits/sqlite3.c
+  cbits/sqlite3.h
+  cbits/sqlite3ext.h
+  changelog
+
+Source-Repository head
+  type: git
+  location: git://github.com/IreneKnapp/direct-sqlite.git
+
+flag systemlib
+  description: Use the system-wide sqlite library
+  default: False
+
+flag fulltextsearch
+  description: Enable full-text search when using the bundled sqlite library
+  default: True
+
+flag urifilenames
+  description: Enable URI filenames when using the bundled sqlite library
+  default: True
+
+flag haveusleep
+  description: Enable use of os function usleep.
+  default: True
+
+Library
+  exposed-modules:
+    Database.SQLite3
+    Database.SQLite3.Direct
+    Database.SQLite3.Bindings
+    Database.SQLite3.Bindings.Types
+
+  if flag(systemlib) {
+    cpp-options: -Ddirect_sqlite_systemlib
+    extra-libraries: sqlite3
+  } else {
+    if !os(windows) {
+      extra-libraries: pthread
+    }
+    c-sources: cbits/sqlite3.c
+    include-dirs: cbits
+    install-includes:
+      sqlite3.h
+      sqlite3ext.h
+
+    if flag(fulltextsearch) {
+      cc-options: -DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
+                  -DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS
+                  -DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
+    }
+
+    if flag(urifilenames) {
+      cc-options: -DSQLITE_USE_URI
+    }
+
+    if flag(haveusleep) {
+       cc-options: -DHAVE_USLEEP
+    }
+  }
+
+  include-dirs: .
+  build-depends: base >= 4.1 && < 5,
+                 bytestring >= 0.9.2.1,
+                 text >= 0.11
+  ghc-options: -Wall -fwarn-tabs
+  default-language: Haskell2010
+
+
+test-suite test
+  type:           exitcode-stdio-1.0
+
+  hs-source-dirs: test
+  main-is:        Main.hs
+  other-modules:
+    StrictEq
+
+  ghc-options: -Wall -threaded -fno-warn-name-shadowing -fno-warn-unused-do-bind
+
+  default-language: Haskell2010
+
+  default-extensions: DeriveDataTypeable
+                    , NamedFieldPuns
+                    , OverloadedStrings
+                    , Rank2Types
+                    , RecordWildCards
+                    , ScopedTypeVariables
+
+  build-depends: base
+               , base16-bytestring
+               , bytestring
+               , directory
+               , HUnit
+               , direct-sqlite
+               , temporary
+               , text
test/Main.hs view
@@ -1,916 +1,916 @@-import StrictEq--import Database.SQLite3-import qualified Database.SQLite3.Direct as Direct--import Control.Concurrent-import Control.Exception-import Control.Monad        (forM_, liftM3, when)-import Data.Text            (Text)-import Data.Text.Encoding.Error (UnicodeException(..))-import Data.Typeable-import Data.Monoid-import System.Directory     ()-import System.Exit          (exitFailure)-import System.IO-import System.IO.Error      (isUserError)-import System.IO.Temp       (withTempFile)-import System.Timeout       (timeout)-import Test.HUnit--import qualified Data.ByteString        as B-import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8  as B8-import qualified Data.Text              as T-import qualified Data.Text.Encoding     as T--data TestEnv =-  TestEnv {-    conn :: Database-    -- ^ Database shared by all the tests-  , withConn :: forall a. (Database -> IO a) -> IO a-    -- ^ Bracket for spawning an additional connection.-    --   This connection will be isolated from others.-  , withConnShared :: forall a. (Database -> IO a) -> IO a-    -- ^ Like 'withConn', but every invocation shares the same database.-  }--regressionTests :: [TestEnv -> Test]-regressionTests =-    [ TestLabel "Exec"          . testExec-    , TestLabel "ExecCallback"  . testExecCallback-    , TestLabel "Simple"        . testSimplest-    , TestLabel "Prepare"       . testPrepare-    , TestLabel "CloseBusy"     . testCloseBusy-    , TestLabel "Params"        . testBind-    , TestLabel "Params"        . testBindParamCounts-    , TestLabel "Params"        . testBindParamName-    , TestLabel "Params"        . testBindErrorValidation-    , TestLabel "Params"        . testNamedBindParams-    , TestLabel "Columns"       . testColumns-    , TestLabel "TypedColumns"  . testTypedColumns-    , TestLabel "ColumnName"    . testColumnName-    , TestLabel "Errors"        . testErrors-    , TestLabel "Integrity"     . testIntegrity-    , TestLabel "DecodeError"   . testDecodeError-    , TestLabel "ResultStats"   . testResultStats-    , TestLabel "GetAutoCommit" . testGetAutoCommit-    , TestLabel "Debug"         . testStatementSql-    , TestLabel "Debug"         . testTracing-    , TestLabel "CustomFunc"    . testCustomFunction-    , TestLabel "CustomFuncErr" . testCustomFunctionError-    , TestLabel "CustomAggr"    . testCustomAggragate-    , TestLabel "CustomColl"    . testCustomCollation-    , TestLabel "IncrBlobIO"    . testIncrementalBlobIO-    ] ++-    (if rtsSupportsBoundThreads then-    [ TestLabel "Interrupt"     . testInterrupt-    ] else [])--featureTests :: [TestEnv -> Test]-featureTests =-    [ TestLabel "MultiRowInsert" . testMultiRowInsert-    ]--assertFail :: IO a -> Assertion-assertFail action =-  shouldFail action >>= assertBool "assertFail"---- | Return 'True' if the IO action throws a 'userError',--- which happens when 'fail' is used.-shouldFail :: IO a -> IO Bool-shouldFail action = do-  r <- try action-  case r of-    Left e  -> return $ isUserError e-    Right _ -> return False--withStmt :: Database -> Text -> (Statement -> IO a) -> IO a-withStmt conn sql = bracket (prepare conn sql) finalize--testExec :: TestEnv -> Test-testExec TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  exec conn ""-  exec conn "     "-  exec conn ";"-  exec conn " ; ; ; ; ; "-  exec conn "--"-  Left SQLError{sqlError = ErrorError} <- try $ exec conn "/*"-    -- sqlite3_exec does not allow "/*" to be terminated by end of input,-    -- but <http://www.sqlite.org/lang_comment.html> says it's fine.-  exec conn ";--\n;/**/"-  withConn $ \conn -> do-    -- Make sure all the statements passed to exec are executed.-    -- Test a little value conversion while we're at it.-    exec conn "CREATE TABLE foo (n FLOAT, t TEXT); \-              \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (3.5, null); \-              \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (null, 'Ự₦ⓘ₡ợ₫ḝ'); \-              \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (null, ''); \-              \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (null, 'null'); \-              \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (null, null)"-    withStmt conn ("SELECT * FROM foo") $ \stmt -> do-      Row <- step stmt-      [SQLFloat 3.5, SQLNull]       <- columns stmt-      Row <- step stmt-      [SQLNull, SQLText "Ự₦ⓘ₡ợ₫ḝ"]  <- columns stmt-      Row <- step stmt-      [SQLNull, SQLText ""]         <- columns stmt-      Row <- step stmt-      [SQLNull, SQLText "null"]     <- columns stmt-      Row <- step stmt-      [SQLNull, SQLNull]            <- columns stmt-      Done <- step stmt-      return ()--data Ex = Ex-    deriving (Show, Typeable)--instance Exception Ex--testExecCallback :: TestEnv -> Test-testExecCallback TestEnv{..} = TestCase $-  withConn $ \conn -> do-    chan <- newChan-    let exec' sql = execWithCallback conn sql $ \c n v -> writeChan chan (c, n, v)-    exec' "CREATE TABLE foo (a INT, b TEXT); \-          \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1, 'a'); \-          \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (2, 'b'); \-          \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (3, null); \-          \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (null, 'd'); "--    exec' "SELECT 1, 2, 3"-    (3, ["1","2","3"], [Just "1", Just "2", Just "3"]) <- readChan chan--    exec' "SELECT null"-    (1, ["null"], [Nothing]) <- readChan chan--    exec' "SELECT * FROM foo"-    (2, ["a","b"], [Just "1", Just "a"]) <- readChan chan-    (2, ["a","b"], [Just "2", Just "b"]) <- readChan chan-    (2, ["a","b"], [Just "3", Nothing ]) <- readChan chan-    (2, ["a","b"], [Nothing,  Just "d"]) <- readChan chan--    exec' "SELECT * FROM foo WHERE a < 0; SELECT 123"-    (1, ["123"], [Just "123"]) <- readChan chan--    exec' "SELECT rowid, f.a, f.b, a || b FROM foo AS f"-    (4, ["rowid", "a", "b", "a || b"], [Just "1", Just "1", Just "a", Just "1a"]) <- readChan chan-    (4, ["rowid", "a", "b", "a || b"], [Just "2", Just "2", Just "b", Just "2b"]) <- readChan chan-    (4, ["rowid", "a", "b", "a || b"], [Just "3", Just "3", Nothing , Nothing  ]) <- readChan chan-    (4, ["rowid", "a", "b", "a || b"], [Just "4", Nothing , Just "d", Nothing  ]) <- readChan chan--    Left Ex <- try $ execWithCallback conn "SELECT 1" $ \_ _ _ -> throwIO Ex--    return ()---testTracing :: TestEnv -> Test-testTracing TestEnv{..} = TestCase $-  withConn $ \conn -> do-    chan <- newChan-    let logger m = writeChan chan m-    Direct.setTrace conn (Just logger)-    withStmt conn "SELECT null" $ \stmt -> do-      Row <- step stmt-      res <- columns stmt-      Done <- step stmt-      assertEqual "tracing" [SQLNull] res-      Direct.Utf8 msg <- readChan chan-      assertEqual "tracing" "SELECT null" msg-    withStmt conn "SELECT 1+?" $ \stmt -> do-      bind stmt [SQLInteger 2]-      Row <- step stmt-      Done <- step stmt-      reset stmt-      bind stmt [SQLInteger 3]-      Row <- step stmt-      Done <- step stmt-      Direct.Utf8 msg <- readChan chan-      assertEqual "tracing" "SELECT 1+2" msg-      Direct.Utf8 msg <- readChan chan-      assertEqual "tracing" "SELECT 1+3" msg-      -- Check that disabling works too-      Direct.setTrace conn Nothing-      reset stmt-      bind stmt [SQLInteger 3]-      Row <- step stmt-      Done <- step stmt-      writeChan chan (Direct.Utf8 "empty")-      Direct.Utf8 msg <- readChan chan-      assertEqual "tracing" "empty" msg----- Simplest SELECT-testSimplest :: TestEnv -> Test-testSimplest TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  stmt <- prepare conn "SELECT 1+1"-  Row <- step stmt-  res <- column stmt 0-  Done <- step stmt-  finalize stmt-  assertEqual "1+1" (SQLInteger 2) res--testPrepare :: TestEnv -> Test-testPrepare TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  True <- shouldFail $ prepare conn ""-  True <- shouldFail $ prepare conn ";"-  withConn $ \conn -> do-    withStmt conn-             "CREATE TABLE foo (a INT, b INT); \-             \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1, 2); \-             \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (3, 4)"-             $ \stmt -> do-      Done <- step stmt-      return ()-    withStmt conn-             "BEGIN; INSERT INTO foo VALUES (5, 6); COMMIT"-             $ \stmt -> do-      Done <- step stmt-      return ()-    withStmt conn-             "SELECT * FROM foo"-             $ \stmt -> do-      Done <- step stmt -- No row was inserted, because only the CREATE TABLE-                        -- statement was run.  The rest was ignored.-      return ()-    Left SQLError{sqlError = ErrorError} <- try $ exec conn "BEGIN"-      -- We're in a transaction already, so this fails.-    exec conn "COMMIT"-  return ()--testCloseBusy :: TestEnv -> Test-testCloseBusy _ = TestCase $ do-  conn <- open ":memory:"-  stmt <- prepare conn "SELECT 1"-  Left SQLError{sqlError = ErrorBusy} <- try $ close conn-  finalize stmt-  close conn--testBind :: TestEnv -> Test-testBind TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  bracket (prepare conn "SELECT ?") finalize testBind1-  bracket (prepare conn "SELECT ?+?") finalize testBind2-  bracket (prepare conn "SELECT ?,?") finalize testBind3-  where-    testBind1 stmt = do-      let params =  [SQLInteger 3]-      bind stmt params-      Row <- step stmt-      res <- columns stmt-      Done <- step stmt-      assertEqual "single param" params res--    testBind2 stmt = do-      let params =  [SQLInteger 1, SQLInteger 1]-      bind stmt params-      Row <- step stmt-      res <- columns stmt-      Done <- step stmt-      assertEqual "two params param" [SQLInteger 2] res--    testBind3 stmt = do-      let len = 7-          bs = B.replicate len 0-      bindBlob stmt 1 bs-      bindZeroBlob stmt 2 len-      Row <- step stmt-      res <- columns stmt-      Done <- step stmt-      assertEqual "blob vs. zeroblob" [SQLBlob bs, SQLBlob bs] res---- Test bindParameterCount-testBindParamCounts :: TestEnv -> Test-testBindParamCounts TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  testCase "single $a"                  "SELECT $a"                     1-  testCase "3 unique ?NNNs"             "SELECT (?1+?1+?1+?2+?3)"       3-  testCase "3 positional"               "SELECT (?+?+?)"                3-  testCase "5 params, 2 gaps"           "SELECT ?3, ?5, ?1"             5-  testCase "6 params, gaps & auto"      "SELECT ?3, ?5, ?1, ?"          6-  testCase "8 params, auto & overlap"   "SELECT ?, ?5, ?, ?2, ?, ?6, ?" 8-    -- 8 because ? grabs an index one greater than the highest index of all-    -- previous parameters, not just the most recent index.-  testCase "0 placeholders"             "SELECT 1"                      0-  where-    testCase label query expected =-        bracket (prepare conn query) finalize bindParameterCount-            >>= assertEqual label expected---- Test bindParameterName-testBindParamName :: TestEnv -> Test-testBindParamName TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  bracket (prepare conn "SELECT :v + :v2") finalize (testNames [Just ":v", Just ":v2"])-  bracket (prepare conn "SELECT ?1 + ?1") finalize (testNames [Just "?1"])-  bracket (prepare conn "SELECT ?1 + ?2") finalize (testNames [Just "?1", Just "?2"])-  bracket (prepare conn "SELECT ? + ?") finalize (testNames [Nothing, Nothing])-  bracket (prepare conn "SELECT $1 + $2") finalize (testNames [Just "$1", Just "$2"])-  where-    testNames names stmt = do-      count <- bindParameterCount stmt-      assertEqual "count match" count (fromIntegral $ length names)-      mapM_ (\(ndx,expecting) -> do-                name <- bindParameterName stmt ndx-                assertEqual "name match" expecting name) $ zip [1..] names--testBindErrorValidation :: TestEnv -> Test-testBindErrorValidation TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  bracket (prepare conn "SELECT ?") finalize (assertFail . testException1)-  bracket (prepare conn "SELECT ?") finalize (assertFail . testException2)-  where-    -- Invalid use, one param in q string, none given-    testException1 stmt = bind stmt []-    -- Invalid use, one param in q string, 2 given-    testException2 stmt = bind stmt [SQLInteger 1, SQLInteger 2]--testNamedBindParams :: TestEnv -> Test-testNamedBindParams TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  withConn $ \conn -> do-    withStmt conn "SELECT :foo / :bar" $ \stmt -> do-      -- Test that we get something back for known names-      Just fooIdx <- Direct.bindParameterIndex stmt ":foo"-      Just barIdx <- Direct.bindParameterIndex stmt ":bar"-      -- Test that we get Nothing back for unknown names-      Nothing <- Direct.bindParameterIndex stmt "intentionally_undefined"-      Right () <- Direct.bindInt64 stmt fooIdx 4-      Right () <- Direct.bindInt64 stmt barIdx 2-      Row <- step stmt-      1 <- columnCount stmt-      [SQLInteger 2] <- columns stmt-      Done <- step stmt-      return ()-    withStmt conn "SELECT @n1+@n2" $ \stmt -> do-      -- Test that we get something back for known names-      Just _n1 <- Direct.bindParameterIndex stmt "@n1"-      Just _n2 <- Direct.bindParameterIndex stmt "@n2"-      -- Here's where things get confusing..  You can't mix different-      -- types of :/$/@ parameter conventions.-      Nothing <- Direct.bindParameterIndex stmt ":n1"-      Nothing <- Direct.bindParameterIndex stmt ":n2"-      return ()-    withStmt conn "SELECT :foo / :bar,:t" $ \stmt -> do-      bindNamed stmt [(":t", SQLText "txt"), (":foo", SQLInteger 6), (":bar", SQLInteger 2)]-      Row <- step stmt-      2 <- columnCount stmt-      [SQLInteger 3, SQLText "txt"] <- columns stmt-      Done <- step stmt-      return ()--testColumns :: TestEnv -> Test-testColumns TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  withConn $ \conn -> do-    withStmt conn "CREATE TABLE foo (a INT)" command-    withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM foo" $ \stmt -> do-      1 <- columnCount stmt-      exec conn "ALTER TABLE foo ADD COLUMN b INT"-      Done <- step stmt-      2 <- columnCount stmt-      return ()-    withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM foo" $ \stmt -> do-      2 <- columnCount stmt-      Done <- step stmt-      2 <- columnCount stmt-      return ()-    withStmt conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1, 2)" command-    withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM foo" $ \stmt -> do-      2 <- columnCount stmt-      Row <- step stmt-      2 <- columnCount stmt-      [SQLInteger 1, SQLInteger 2] <- columns stmt-      Done <- step stmt-      2 <- columnCount stmt-      return ()-    withStmt conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (3, 4)" command-    withStmt conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (5, 6)" command-    withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM foo" $ \stmt -> do-      2 <- columnCount stmt-      exec conn "ALTER TABLE foo ADD COLUMN c INT"-      Row <- step stmt-      3 <- columnCount stmt-      [SQLInteger 1, SQLInteger 2, SQLNull] <- columns stmt-      exec conn "ALTER TABLE foo ADD COLUMN d INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 42"-        -- ignored by this prepared statement, now that it has stepped.-      Row <- step stmt-      3 <- columnCount stmt-      [SQLInteger 3, SQLInteger 4, SQLNull] <- columns stmt-      Row <- step stmt-      3 <- columnCount stmt-      [SQLInteger 5, SQLInteger 6, SQLNull] <- columns stmt-      Done <- step stmt-      3 <- columnCount stmt-      reset stmt-      3 <- columnCount stmt -- The prepared statement *still* doesn't know-                            -- about the new column.-      Row <- step stmt-      4 <- columnCount stmt -- That's better.-      [SQLInteger 1, SQLInteger 2, SQLNull, SQLInteger 42] <- columns stmt-      return ()-  where-    command stmt = do-      0 <- columnCount stmt-      Done <- step stmt-      0 <- columnCount stmt-      return ()--testTypedColumns :: TestEnv -> Test-testTypedColumns TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  withConn $ \conn -> do-    withStmt conn "CREATE TABLE foo (a INT, b INT)" command-    withStmt conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1, 2)" command-    withStmt conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (3, 4)" command-    withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM foo" $ \stmt -> do-      Row <- step stmt-      2 <- columnCount stmt-      [SQLInteger 1, SQLInteger 2] <- typedColumns stmt [Nothing, Nothing]-      Row <- step stmt-      2 <- columnCount stmt-      [SQLInteger 3, SQLInteger 4] <- typedColumns stmt [Just IntegerColumn, Just IntegerColumn]-      Done <- step stmt-      2 <- columnCount stmt-      return ()-    withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM foo" $ \stmt -> do-      Row <- step stmt-      2 <- columnCount stmt-      [SQLText "1", SQLText "2"] <- typedColumns stmt [Just TextColumn, Just TextColumn]-      Row <- step stmt-      2 <- columnCount stmt-      [SQLFloat 3.0, SQLFloat 4.0] <- typedColumns stmt [Just FloatColumn, Just FloatColumn]-      Done <- step stmt-      2 <- columnCount stmt-      return ()-  where-    command stmt = do-      0 <- columnCount stmt-      Done <- step stmt-      0 <- columnCount stmt-      return ()--testColumnName :: TestEnv -> Test-testColumnName TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  withConn $ \conn -> do-    exec conn "CREATE TABLE foo (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, abc TEXT, \"123\" REAL, über INT)"-    exec conn "INSERT INTO foo (abc, \"123\", über) VALUES ('hello', 3.14, 456)"--    withStmt conn "SELECT id AS id, abc AS x, \"123\" AS y, über AS ü FROM foo"-      $ \stmt -> do-      let checkNames = do-              4 <- columnCount stmt-              Nothing   <- columnName stmt (-1)-              Just "id" <- columnName stmt 0-              Just "x"  <- columnName stmt 1-              Just "y"  <- columnName stmt 2-              Just "ü"  <- columnName stmt 3-              Nothing   <- columnName stmt 4-              Nothing   <- columnName stmt minBound-              Nothing   <- columnName stmt maxBound-              return ()-      checkNames-      Row <- step stmt-      checkNames-      [SQLInteger 1, SQLText "hello", SQLFloat 3.14, SQLInteger 456] <- columns stmt-      Done <- step stmt-      checkNames--    -- Column names without AS clauses may change in future versions of SQLite.-    -- This test will fail if they do.-    withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM foo" $ \stmt -> do-      4 <- columnCount stmt-      Nothing     <- columnName stmt (-1)-      Just "id"   <- columnName stmt 0-      Just "abc"  <- columnName stmt 1-      Just "123"  <- columnName stmt 2-      Just "über" <- columnName stmt 3-      Nothing     <- columnName stmt 4-      Nothing     <- columnName stmt minBound-      Nothing     <- columnName stmt maxBound-      return ()---- Testing for specific error codes:------  * ErrorConstraint------  * ErrorRange------  * ErrorLocked----  * ErrorBusy-testErrors :: TestEnv -> Test-testErrors TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  withConn $ \conn -> do-    exec conn "CREATE TABLE foo (n INT UNIQUE)"-    exec conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (3)"-    expectError ErrorConstraint $-      exec conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (3)"--    -- Multiple NULLs are allowed when there's a UNIQUE constraint-    exec conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (null)"-    exec conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (null)"--    exec conn "CREATE TABLE bar (n INT NOT NULL)"-    expectError ErrorConstraint $-      exec conn "INSERT INTO bar VALUES (null)"--    withStmt conn "SELECT ?" $ \stmt -> do-      forM_ [-1, 0, 2] $ \i -> do-        expectError ErrorRange $ bindSQLData stmt i $ SQLInteger 42-        expectError ErrorRange $ bindSQLData stmt i SQLNull-      bindSQLData stmt 1 $ SQLInteger 42-      Row <- step stmt--      -- If column index is out of range, it returns SQLNull.-      -- This may or may not be the desired behavior, but at least we know.-      SQLNull <- column stmt (-1)-      SQLNull <- column stmt 1--      SQLInteger 42 <- column stmt 0-      return ()--    withStmt conn "SELECT 1" $ \stmt -> do-      forM_ [-1, 0, 1, 2] $ \i -> do-        expectError ErrorRange $ bindSQLData stmt i $ SQLInteger 42-        expectError ErrorRange $ bindSQLData stmt i SQLNull-      bind stmt []  -- This should succeed.  Don't whine that there aren't any-                    -- parameters to bind!-      Row <- step stmt-      SQLInteger 1 <- column stmt 0-      return ()--    withStmt conn "SELECT :bar" $ \stmt -> do-      shouldFail $ bindNamed stmt [(":missing", SQLInteger 42)]-      bindNamed stmt [(":bar", SQLInteger 1)]-      Row <- step stmt-      SQLInteger 1 <- column stmt 0-      return ()--    withStmt conn "SELECT ?5" $ \stmt -> do-      forM_ [-1, 0, 6, 7] $ \i -> do-        expectError ErrorRange $ bindSQLData stmt i $ SQLInteger 42-        expectError ErrorRange $ bindSQLData stmt i SQLNull-      bind stmt $ map SQLInteger [1..5]-        -- This succeeds, even though 1..4 aren't used.-      Row <- step stmt-      [SQLInteger 5] <- columns stmt-      return ()--  -- Need to access the database with multiple connections.-  -- "BEGIN; ROLLBACK" causes running statements in the same connection to-  -- throw SQLITE_ABORT.-  withConnShared $ \conn -> do-    foo123456 conn-    withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM foo" $ \stmt -> do-      -- "DROP TABLE foo" should succeed, since the statement-      -- isn't running yet.-      exec conn "DROP TABLE foo"-      foo123456 conn--      Row <- step stmt-      2 <- columnCount stmt-      [SQLInteger 1, SQLInteger 2] <- columns stmt--      -- "DROP TABLE foo" should fail, now that the statement is running.-      expectError ErrorLocked $ exec conn "DROP TABLE foo"-      withConnShared $ \conn -> do-        expectError ErrorBusy $ exec conn "DROP TABLE foo"--        -- Apparently, we can pretend to drop the table, but we get ErrorBusy-        -- if we try to actually COMMIT it.-        exec conn "BEGIN; DROP TABLE foo"-        expectError ErrorBusy $ exec conn "COMMIT"--        exec conn "ROLLBACK"--      Row <- step stmt-      2 <- columnCount stmt-      [SQLInteger 3, SQLInteger 4] <- columns stmt-      Row <- step stmt-      2 <- columnCount stmt-      [SQLInteger 5, SQLInteger 6] <- columns stmt--      expectError ErrorLocked $ exec conn "DROP TABLE foo"-      withConnShared $ \conn ->-        expectError ErrorBusy $ exec conn "DROP TABLE foo"--      Done <- step stmt-      2 <- columnCount stmt-      exec conn "DROP TABLE foo"--      -- Regular 'reset' throws away the error.  Make sure sqlite3_reset did-      -- not return an error because foo is now gone.  sqlite3_reset should-      -- only return an error if the most recent 'step' failed.-      Right () <- Direct.reset stmt--      -- But trying to 'step' again should fail.-      Left SQLError{sqlError = err} <- try $ step stmt-      assertBool "Step after table vanishes should fail with SQLITE_ERROR or SQLITE_SCHEMA"-                 (err == ErrorError ||  -- SQLite 3.7.13-                  err == ErrorSchema)   -- SQLite 3.6.22--  where-    expectError err io = do-      Left SQLError{sqlError = err'} <- try io-      assertEqual "testErrors: expectError" err err'--    foo123456 conn =-      exec conn "CREATE TABLE foo (a INT, b INT); \-                \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1, 2); \-                \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (3, 4); \-                \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (5, 6)"---- Make sure data stored in a table comes back as-is.-testIntegrity :: TestEnv -> Test-testIntegrity TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  withConn $ \conn -> do-    exec conn "CREATE TABLE foo (i INT, f FLOAT, t TEXT, b BLOB, n TEXT)"-    withStmt conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)" $ \insert ->-      withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM foo" $ \select -> do-        let test = testWith (===)--            testWith f values = do-              exec conn "DELETE FROM foo"--              reset insert-              bind insert values-              Done <- step insert--              reset select-              Row <- step select-              values' <- columns select-              Done <- step select--              return $ f values values'--        True <- test [SQLInteger 0, SQLFloat 0.0, SQLText T.empty, SQLBlob B.empty, SQLNull]-        True <- test [SQLInteger minBound, SQLFloat (-1/0), SQLText "\0", SQLBlob (B8.pack "\0"), SQLNull]-        True <- test [SQLInteger maxBound, SQLFloat (1/0), SQLText "\1114111", SQLBlob ("\255"), SQLNull]--        -- SQLite3 turns NaN into SQLNull.-        True <- testWith (\_old new -> new === [SQLNull, SQLNull, SQLNull, SQLNull, SQLNull])-                [SQLNull, SQLFloat (0/0), SQLNull, SQLNull, SQLNull]--        return ()--testDecodeError :: TestEnv -> Test-testDecodeError TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  withStmt conn "SELECT ?" $ \stmt -> do-    Right () <- Direct.bindText stmt 1 invalidUtf8-    Row <- step stmt-    Left (DecodeError "Database.SQLite3.columnText: Invalid UTF-8" _)-      <- try $ column stmt 0-    return ()--  -- Verify the assertion that SQLite3 does not validate UTF-8, by writing the-  -- data to a table on disk and reading it back.-  withConnShared $ \conn -> do-    exec conn "CREATE TABLE testDecodeError (a TEXT)"-    withStmt conn "INSERT INTO testDecodeError VALUES (?)" $ \stmt -> do-      Right () <- Direct.bindText stmt 1 invalidUtf8-      Done <- step stmt-      return ()-  withConnShared $ \conn -> do-    withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM testDecodeError" $ \stmt -> do-      Row <- step stmt-      TextColumn <- columnType stmt 0-      txt <- Direct.columnText stmt 0-      assertEqual "testDecodeError: Database altered our invalid UTF-8" invalidUtf8 txt-      Left (DecodeError "Database.SQLite3.columnText: Invalid UTF-8" _)-        <- try $ columnText stmt 0-      Done <- step stmt-      return ()--  where-    invalidUtf8 = Direct.Utf8 $ B.pack [0x80]--testResultStats :: TestEnv -> Test-testResultStats TestEnv{..} = TestCase $-  withConn $ \conn -> do-    (0, 0, 0) <- stats conn-    exec conn "CREATE TABLE tbl (n INTEGER PRIMARY KEY)"-    (0, 0, 0) <- stats conn-    exec conn "INSERT INTO tbl DEFAULT VALUES"-    (1, 1, 1) <- stats conn-    exec conn "INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (123)"-    (123, 1, 2) <- stats conn-    exec conn "INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (9223372036854775807)"-    (maxBound, 1, 3) <- stats conn-    exec conn "INSERT INTO tbl DEFAULT VALUES"  -- picks a rowid at random-    (rowid, 1, 4) <- stats conn-    True <- return $ (`notElem` [1, 123, maxBound]) rowid-    exec conn "UPDATE tbl SET rowid=rowid+1 WHERE rowid=1 OR rowid=123"-    (_, 2, 6) <- stats conn-    Left SQLError{ sqlError = ErrorConstraint }-      <- try $ exec conn "UPDATE tbl SET rowid=4"-    exec conn "DELETE FROM tbl"-    (_, 4, 10) <- stats conn-    return ()-  where-    stats conn =-      liftM3 (,,) (lastInsertRowId conn)-                  (changes conn)-                  (Direct.totalChanges conn)--testGetAutoCommit :: TestEnv -> Test-testGetAutoCommit TestEnv{..} = TestCase $-  withConn $ \conn -> do-    True <- Direct.getAutoCommit conn-    exec conn "BEGIN"-    False <- Direct.getAutoCommit conn-    Left (ErrorError, _) <- Direct.exec conn "BEGIN"-    False <- Direct.getAutoCommit conn--    exec conn "ROLLBACK"-    True <- Direct.getAutoCommit conn-    Left (ErrorError, _) <- Direct.exec conn "ROLLBACK"-    True <- Direct.getAutoCommit conn--    exec conn "BEGIN"-    False <- Direct.getAutoCommit conn-    Left (ErrorFull, _) <- Direct.exec conn-        "PRAGMA max_page_count=1; CREATE TABLE foo (a INT)"-    True <- Direct.getAutoCommit conn-    Left (ErrorError, _) <- Direct.exec conn "ROLLBACK"--    return ()--testStatementSql :: TestEnv -> Test-testStatementSql TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  let q1 = "SELECT 1+1"-  withStmt conn q1 $ \stmt -> do-    Just (Direct.Utf8 sql1) <- Direct.statementSql stmt-    T.encodeUtf8 q1 @=? sql1--testCustomFunction :: TestEnv -> Test-testCustomFunction TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  withConn $ \conn -> do-    createFunction conn "repeat" (Just 2) True repeatString-    withStmt conn "SELECT repeat(3,'abc')" $ \stmt -> do-      Row <- step stmt-      [SQLText "abcabcabc"] <- columns stmt-      Done <- step stmt-      return ()-    deleteFunction conn "repeat" (Just 2)-    Left SQLError{sqlError = ErrorError} <--        try $ exec conn "SELECT repeat(3,'abc')"-    return ()-  where-    repeatString ctx args = do-        n <- funcArgInt64 args 0-        s <- funcArgText args 1-        funcResultText ctx $ T.concat $ replicate (fromIntegral n) s--testCustomFunctionError :: TestEnv -> Test-testCustomFunctionError TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  withConn $ \conn -> do-    createFunction conn "fail" (Just 0) True throwError-    Left SQLError{..} <- try $ exec conn "SELECT fail()"-    -- Match only the first 13 characters of the error message here.  The-    -- error message coming from the use of "error" nowadays contains-    -- fragments of the callstack and not just the string we gave it.-    assertBool "Catch exception"-        (sqlError == ErrorError && T.take 13 sqlErrorDetails == "error message")-  where-    throwError _ _ = error "error message"--testCustomAggragate :: TestEnv -> Test-testCustomAggragate TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  withConn $ \conn -> do-    exec conn "CREATE TABLE tbl (n INT)"-    exec conn "INSERT INTO tbl(n) VALUES (12), (-3), (7)"-    createAggregate conn "mysum" (Just 1) 0 mySumStep funcResultInt64-    withStmt conn "SELECT mysum(n) FROM tbl" $ \stmt -> do-      Row <- step stmt-      [SQLInteger 16] <- columns stmt-      Done <- step stmt-      return ()-    deleteFunction conn "mysum" (Just 1)-    Left SQLError{sqlError = ErrorError} <--        try $ exec conn "SELECT mysum(n) FROM tbl"-    return ()-  where-    mySumStep _ args s = do-        n <- funcArgInt64 args 0-        return (s + n)--testCustomCollation :: TestEnv -> Test-testCustomCollation TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  withConn $ \conn -> do-    exec conn "CREATE TABLE tbl (n TEXT)"-    exec conn "INSERT INTO tbl(n) VALUES ('dog'),('mouse'),('ox'),('cat')"-    createCollation conn "len" cmpLen-    withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM tbl ORDER BY n COLLATE len" $ \stmt -> do-      Row <- step stmt-      [SQLText "ox"] <- columns stmt-      Row <- step stmt-      [SQLText "cat"] <- columns stmt-      Row <- step stmt-      [SQLText "dog"] <- columns stmt-      Row <- step stmt-      [SQLText "mouse"] <- columns stmt-      Done <- step stmt-      return ()-    deleteCollation conn "len"-    Left SQLError{sqlError = ErrorError} <--        try $ exec conn "SELECT * FROM tbl ORDER BY n COLLATE len"-    return ()-  where-    -- order by length first, then by lexicographical order-    cmpLen s1 s2 = compare (T.length s1) (T.length s2) <> compare s1 s2--testIncrementalBlobIO :: TestEnv -> Test-testIncrementalBlobIO TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  withConn $ \conn -> do-    exec conn "CREATE TABLE tbl (n BLOB)"-    exec conn "INSERT INTO tbl(rowid,n) VALUES (1,'abcdefg')"-    blob <- blobOpen conn "main" "tbl" "n" 1 True-    l <- blobBytes blob-    assertEqual "blobBytes" 7 l-    s <- blobRead blob 4 2-    assertEqual "blobRead" "cdef" s-    blobWrite blob "BC" 1-    blobClose blob-    withStmt conn "SELECT n FROM tbl" $ \stmt -> do-      Row <- step stmt-      s' <- columnBlob stmt 0-      assertEqual "blobWrite" "aBCdefg" s'--testInterrupt :: TestEnv -> Test-testInterrupt TestEnv{..} = TestCase $-  withConn $ \conn -> do-    exec conn "CREATE TABLE tbl (n INT)"--    withStmt conn "INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (?)" $ \stmt -> do-      exec conn "BEGIN"-      forM_ [1..200] $ \i -> do-          reset stmt-          bind stmt [SQLInteger i]-          Done <- step stmt-          return ()-      exec conn "COMMIT"--    stmt <- prepare conn tripleSum-    _ <- forkIO $ threadDelay 100000 >> interrupt conn-    Left ErrorInterrupt <- Direct.step stmt-    Left ErrorInterrupt <- Direct.finalize stmt--    Nothing <- timeout 100000 $ interruptibly conn $ exec conn tripleSum--    return ()--  where-    tripleSum = "SELECT sum(a.n + b.n + c.n) FROM tbl as a, tbl as b, tbl as c"--testMultiRowInsert :: TestEnv -> Test-testMultiRowInsert TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do-  withConn $ \conn -> do-    exec conn "CREATE TABLE foo (a INT, b INT)"-    result <- try $ exec conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1,2), (3,4)"-    case result of-      Left SQLError{sqlError = ErrorError} ->-        assertFailure "Installed SQLite3 does not support multi-row INSERT via the VALUES clause"-      Left e ->-        assertFailure $ show e-      Right () -> do-        -- Make sure multi-row insert actually worked-        2 <- changes conn-        withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM foo" $ \stmt -> do-          Row <- step stmt-          [SQLInteger 1, SQLInteger 2] <- columns stmt-          Row <- step stmt-          [SQLInteger 3, SQLInteger 4] <- columns stmt-          Done <- step stmt-          return ()---withTestEnv :: String -> (TestEnv -> IO a) -> IO a-withTestEnv tempDbName cb =-    withConn $ \conn ->-        cb TestEnv-            { conn           = conn-            , withConn       = withConn-            , withConnShared = withConnPath (T.pack tempDbName)-            }-  where-    withConn = withConnPath ":memory:"-    withConnPath path cb = do-      conn <- open path-      r <- cb conn `onException` Direct.close conn-            -- If the callback throws an exception, try to close the DB.-            -- If closing fails (usually due to open 'Statement's),-            -- throw the original error, not the error produced by 'close'.-            -- Direct.close returns the error rather than throwing it.-      close conn-      return r--runTestGroup :: String -> [TestEnv -> Test] -> IO Bool-runTestGroup tempDbName tests = do-  Counts{cases, tried, errors, failures} <--    withTestEnv tempDbName $ \env -> runTestTT $ TestList $ map ($ env) tests-  return (cases == tried && errors == 0 && failures == 0)--main :: IO ()-main = do-  mapM_ (`hSetBuffering` LineBuffering) [stdout, stderr]-  withTempFile "." "direct-sqlite-test-database" $ \tempDbName _hFile -> do-    open (T.pack tempDbName) >>= close-    ok <- runTestGroup tempDbName regressionTests-    when (not ok) exitFailure-    -- Signal failure if feature tests fail.  I'd rather print a noisy warning-    -- instead, but cabal redirects test output to log files by default.-    ok <- runTestGroup tempDbName featureTests-    when (not ok) exitFailure+import StrictEq
+
+import Database.SQLite3
+import qualified Database.SQLite3.Direct as Direct
+
+import Control.Concurrent
+import Control.Exception
+import Control.Monad        (forM_, liftM3, when)
+import Data.Text            (Text)
+import Data.Text.Encoding.Error (UnicodeException(..))
+import Data.Typeable
+import Data.Monoid
+import System.Directory     ()
+import System.Exit          (exitFailure)
+import System.IO
+import System.IO.Error      (isUserError)
+import System.IO.Temp       (withTempFile)
+import System.Timeout       (timeout)
+import Test.HUnit
+
+import qualified Data.ByteString        as B
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8  as B8
+import qualified Data.Text              as T
+import qualified Data.Text.Encoding     as T
+
+data TestEnv =
+  TestEnv {
+    conn :: Database
+    -- ^ Database shared by all the tests
+  , withConn :: forall a. (Database -> IO a) -> IO a
+    -- ^ Bracket for spawning an additional connection.
+    --   This connection will be isolated from others.
+  , withConnShared :: forall a. (Database -> IO a) -> IO a
+    -- ^ Like 'withConn', but every invocation shares the same database.
+  }
+
+regressionTests :: [TestEnv -> Test]
+regressionTests =
+    [ TestLabel "Exec"          . testExec
+    , TestLabel "ExecCallback"  . testExecCallback
+    , TestLabel "Simple"        . testSimplest
+    , TestLabel "Prepare"       . testPrepare
+    , TestLabel "CloseBusy"     . testCloseBusy
+    , TestLabel "Params"        . testBind
+    , TestLabel "Params"        . testBindParamCounts
+    , TestLabel "Params"        . testBindParamName
+    , TestLabel "Params"        . testBindErrorValidation
+    , TestLabel "Params"        . testNamedBindParams
+    , TestLabel "Columns"       . testColumns
+    , TestLabel "TypedColumns"  . testTypedColumns
+    , TestLabel "ColumnName"    . testColumnName
+    , TestLabel "Errors"        . testErrors
+    , TestLabel "Integrity"     . testIntegrity
+    , TestLabel "DecodeError"   . testDecodeError
+    , TestLabel "ResultStats"   . testResultStats
+    , TestLabel "GetAutoCommit" . testGetAutoCommit
+    , TestLabel "Debug"         . testStatementSql
+    , TestLabel "Debug"         . testTracing
+    , TestLabel "CustomFunc"    . testCustomFunction
+    , TestLabel "CustomFuncErr" . testCustomFunctionError
+    , TestLabel "CustomAggr"    . testCustomAggragate
+    , TestLabel "CustomColl"    . testCustomCollation
+    , TestLabel "IncrBlobIO"    . testIncrementalBlobIO
+    ] ++
+    (if rtsSupportsBoundThreads then
+    [ TestLabel "Interrupt"     . testInterrupt
+    ] else [])
+
+featureTests :: [TestEnv -> Test]
+featureTests =
+    [ TestLabel "MultiRowInsert" . testMultiRowInsert
+    ]
+
+assertFail :: IO a -> Assertion
+assertFail action =
+  shouldFail action >>= assertBool "assertFail"
+
+-- | Return 'True' if the IO action throws a 'userError',
+-- which happens when 'fail' is used.
+shouldFail :: IO a -> IO Bool
+shouldFail action = do
+  r <- try action
+  case r of
+    Left e  -> return $ isUserError e
+    Right _ -> return False
+
+withStmt :: Database -> Text -> (Statement -> IO a) -> IO a
+withStmt conn sql = bracket (prepare conn sql) finalize
+
+testExec :: TestEnv -> Test
+testExec TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  exec conn ""
+  exec conn "     "
+  exec conn ";"
+  exec conn " ; ; ; ; ; "
+  exec conn "--"
+  Left SQLError{sqlError = ErrorError} <- try $ exec conn "/*"
+    -- sqlite3_exec does not allow "/*" to be terminated by end of input,
+    -- but <http://www.sqlite.org/lang_comment.html> says it's fine.
+  exec conn ";--\n;/**/"
+  withConn $ \conn -> do
+    -- Make sure all the statements passed to exec are executed.
+    -- Test a little value conversion while we're at it.
+    exec conn "CREATE TABLE foo (n FLOAT, t TEXT); \
+              \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (3.5, null); \
+              \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (null, 'Ự₦ⓘ₡ợ₫ḝ'); \
+              \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (null, ''); \
+              \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (null, 'null'); \
+              \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (null, null)"
+    withStmt conn ("SELECT * FROM foo") $ \stmt -> do
+      Row <- step stmt
+      [SQLFloat 3.5, SQLNull]       <- columns stmt
+      Row <- step stmt
+      [SQLNull, SQLText "Ự₦ⓘ₡ợ₫ḝ"]  <- columns stmt
+      Row <- step stmt
+      [SQLNull, SQLText ""]         <- columns stmt
+      Row <- step stmt
+      [SQLNull, SQLText "null"]     <- columns stmt
+      Row <- step stmt
+      [SQLNull, SQLNull]            <- columns stmt
+      Done <- step stmt
+      return ()
+
+data Ex = Ex
+    deriving (Show, Typeable)
+
+instance Exception Ex
+
+testExecCallback :: TestEnv -> Test
+testExecCallback TestEnv{..} = TestCase $
+  withConn $ \conn -> do
+    chan <- newChan
+    let exec' sql = execWithCallback conn sql $ \c n v -> writeChan chan (c, n, v)
+    exec' "CREATE TABLE foo (a INT, b TEXT); \
+          \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1, 'a'); \
+          \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (2, 'b'); \
+          \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (3, null); \
+          \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (null, 'd'); "
+
+    exec' "SELECT 1, 2, 3"
+    (3, ["1","2","3"], [Just "1", Just "2", Just "3"]) <- readChan chan
+
+    exec' "SELECT null"
+    (1, ["null"], [Nothing]) <- readChan chan
+
+    exec' "SELECT * FROM foo"
+    (2, ["a","b"], [Just "1", Just "a"]) <- readChan chan
+    (2, ["a","b"], [Just "2", Just "b"]) <- readChan chan
+    (2, ["a","b"], [Just "3", Nothing ]) <- readChan chan
+    (2, ["a","b"], [Nothing,  Just "d"]) <- readChan chan
+
+    exec' "SELECT * FROM foo WHERE a < 0; SELECT 123"
+    (1, ["123"], [Just "123"]) <- readChan chan
+
+    exec' "SELECT rowid, f.a, f.b, a || b FROM foo AS f"
+    (4, ["rowid", "a", "b", "a || b"], [Just "1", Just "1", Just "a", Just "1a"]) <- readChan chan
+    (4, ["rowid", "a", "b", "a || b"], [Just "2", Just "2", Just "b", Just "2b"]) <- readChan chan
+    (4, ["rowid", "a", "b", "a || b"], [Just "3", Just "3", Nothing , Nothing  ]) <- readChan chan
+    (4, ["rowid", "a", "b", "a || b"], [Just "4", Nothing , Just "d", Nothing  ]) <- readChan chan
+
+    Left Ex <- try $ execWithCallback conn "SELECT 1" $ \_ _ _ -> throwIO Ex
+
+    return ()
+
+
+testTracing :: TestEnv -> Test
+testTracing TestEnv{..} = TestCase $
+  withConn $ \conn -> do
+    chan <- newChan
+    let logger m = writeChan chan m
+    Direct.setTrace conn (Just logger)
+    withStmt conn "SELECT null" $ \stmt -> do
+      Row <- step stmt
+      res <- columns stmt
+      Done <- step stmt
+      assertEqual "tracing" [SQLNull] res
+      Direct.Utf8 msg <- readChan chan
+      assertEqual "tracing" "SELECT null" msg
+    withStmt conn "SELECT 1+?" $ \stmt -> do
+      bind stmt [SQLInteger 2]
+      Row <- step stmt
+      Done <- step stmt
+      reset stmt
+      bind stmt [SQLInteger 3]
+      Row <- step stmt
+      Done <- step stmt
+      Direct.Utf8 msg <- readChan chan
+      assertEqual "tracing" "SELECT 1+2" msg
+      Direct.Utf8 msg <- readChan chan
+      assertEqual "tracing" "SELECT 1+3" msg
+      -- Check that disabling works too
+      Direct.setTrace conn Nothing
+      reset stmt
+      bind stmt [SQLInteger 3]
+      Row <- step stmt
+      Done <- step stmt
+      writeChan chan (Direct.Utf8 "empty")
+      Direct.Utf8 msg <- readChan chan
+      assertEqual "tracing" "empty" msg
+
+
+-- Simplest SELECT
+testSimplest :: TestEnv -> Test
+testSimplest TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  stmt <- prepare conn "SELECT 1+1"
+  Row <- step stmt
+  res <- column stmt 0
+  Done <- step stmt
+  finalize stmt
+  assertEqual "1+1" (SQLInteger 2) res
+
+testPrepare :: TestEnv -> Test
+testPrepare TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  True <- shouldFail $ prepare conn ""
+  True <- shouldFail $ prepare conn ";"
+  withConn $ \conn -> do
+    withStmt conn
+             "CREATE TABLE foo (a INT, b INT); \
+             \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1, 2); \
+             \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (3, 4)"
+             $ \stmt -> do
+      Done <- step stmt
+      return ()
+    withStmt conn
+             "BEGIN; INSERT INTO foo VALUES (5, 6); COMMIT"
+             $ \stmt -> do
+      Done <- step stmt
+      return ()
+    withStmt conn
+             "SELECT * FROM foo"
+             $ \stmt -> do
+      Done <- step stmt -- No row was inserted, because only the CREATE TABLE
+                        -- statement was run.  The rest was ignored.
+      return ()
+    Left SQLError{sqlError = ErrorError} <- try $ exec conn "BEGIN"
+      -- We're in a transaction already, so this fails.
+    exec conn "COMMIT"
+  return ()
+
+testCloseBusy :: TestEnv -> Test
+testCloseBusy _ = TestCase $ do
+  conn <- open ":memory:"
+  stmt <- prepare conn "SELECT 1"
+  Left SQLError{sqlError = ErrorBusy} <- try $ close conn
+  finalize stmt
+  close conn
+
+testBind :: TestEnv -> Test
+testBind TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  bracket (prepare conn "SELECT ?") finalize testBind1
+  bracket (prepare conn "SELECT ?+?") finalize testBind2
+  bracket (prepare conn "SELECT ?,?") finalize testBind3
+  where
+    testBind1 stmt = do
+      let params =  [SQLInteger 3]
+      bind stmt params
+      Row <- step stmt
+      res <- columns stmt
+      Done <- step stmt
+      assertEqual "single param" params res
+
+    testBind2 stmt = do
+      let params =  [SQLInteger 1, SQLInteger 1]
+      bind stmt params
+      Row <- step stmt
+      res <- columns stmt
+      Done <- step stmt
+      assertEqual "two params param" [SQLInteger 2] res
+
+    testBind3 stmt = do
+      let len = 7
+          bs = B.replicate len 0
+      bindBlob stmt 1 bs
+      bindZeroBlob stmt 2 len
+      Row <- step stmt
+      res <- columns stmt
+      Done <- step stmt
+      assertEqual "blob vs. zeroblob" [SQLBlob bs, SQLBlob bs] res
+
+-- Test bindParameterCount
+testBindParamCounts :: TestEnv -> Test
+testBindParamCounts TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  testCase "single $a"                  "SELECT $a"                     1
+  testCase "3 unique ?NNNs"             "SELECT (?1+?1+?1+?2+?3)"       3
+  testCase "3 positional"               "SELECT (?+?+?)"                3
+  testCase "5 params, 2 gaps"           "SELECT ?3, ?5, ?1"             5
+  testCase "6 params, gaps & auto"      "SELECT ?3, ?5, ?1, ?"          6
+  testCase "8 params, auto & overlap"   "SELECT ?, ?5, ?, ?2, ?, ?6, ?" 8
+    -- 8 because ? grabs an index one greater than the highest index of all
+    -- previous parameters, not just the most recent index.
+  testCase "0 placeholders"             "SELECT 1"                      0
+  where
+    testCase label query expected =
+        bracket (prepare conn query) finalize bindParameterCount
+            >>= assertEqual label expected
+
+-- Test bindParameterName
+testBindParamName :: TestEnv -> Test
+testBindParamName TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  bracket (prepare conn "SELECT :v + :v2") finalize (testNames [Just ":v", Just ":v2"])
+  bracket (prepare conn "SELECT ?1 + ?1") finalize (testNames [Just "?1"])
+  bracket (prepare conn "SELECT ?1 + ?2") finalize (testNames [Just "?1", Just "?2"])
+  bracket (prepare conn "SELECT ? + ?") finalize (testNames [Nothing, Nothing])
+  bracket (prepare conn "SELECT $1 + $2") finalize (testNames [Just "$1", Just "$2"])
+  where
+    testNames names stmt = do
+      count <- bindParameterCount stmt
+      assertEqual "count match" count (fromIntegral $ length names)
+      mapM_ (\(ndx,expecting) -> do
+                name <- bindParameterName stmt ndx
+                assertEqual "name match" expecting name) $ zip [1..] names
+
+testBindErrorValidation :: TestEnv -> Test
+testBindErrorValidation TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  bracket (prepare conn "SELECT ?") finalize (assertFail . testException1)
+  bracket (prepare conn "SELECT ?") finalize (assertFail . testException2)
+  where
+    -- Invalid use, one param in q string, none given
+    testException1 stmt = bind stmt []
+    -- Invalid use, one param in q string, 2 given
+    testException2 stmt = bind stmt [SQLInteger 1, SQLInteger 2]
+
+testNamedBindParams :: TestEnv -> Test
+testNamedBindParams TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  withConn $ \conn -> do
+    withStmt conn "SELECT :foo / :bar" $ \stmt -> do
+      -- Test that we get something back for known names
+      Just fooIdx <- Direct.bindParameterIndex stmt ":foo"
+      Just barIdx <- Direct.bindParameterIndex stmt ":bar"
+      -- Test that we get Nothing back for unknown names
+      Nothing <- Direct.bindParameterIndex stmt "intentionally_undefined"
+      Right () <- Direct.bindInt64 stmt fooIdx 4
+      Right () <- Direct.bindInt64 stmt barIdx 2
+      Row <- step stmt
+      1 <- columnCount stmt
+      [SQLInteger 2] <- columns stmt
+      Done <- step stmt
+      return ()
+    withStmt conn "SELECT @n1+@n2" $ \stmt -> do
+      -- Test that we get something back for known names
+      Just _n1 <- Direct.bindParameterIndex stmt "@n1"
+      Just _n2 <- Direct.bindParameterIndex stmt "@n2"
+      -- Here's where things get confusing..  You can't mix different
+      -- types of :/$/@ parameter conventions.
+      Nothing <- Direct.bindParameterIndex stmt ":n1"
+      Nothing <- Direct.bindParameterIndex stmt ":n2"
+      return ()
+    withStmt conn "SELECT :foo / :bar,:t" $ \stmt -> do
+      bindNamed stmt [(":t", SQLText "txt"), (":foo", SQLInteger 6), (":bar", SQLInteger 2)]
+      Row <- step stmt
+      2 <- columnCount stmt
+      [SQLInteger 3, SQLText "txt"] <- columns stmt
+      Done <- step stmt
+      return ()
+
+testColumns :: TestEnv -> Test
+testColumns TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  withConn $ \conn -> do
+    withStmt conn "CREATE TABLE foo (a INT)" command
+    withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM foo" $ \stmt -> do
+      1 <- columnCount stmt
+      exec conn "ALTER TABLE foo ADD COLUMN b INT"
+      Done <- step stmt
+      2 <- columnCount stmt
+      return ()
+    withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM foo" $ \stmt -> do
+      2 <- columnCount stmt
+      Done <- step stmt
+      2 <- columnCount stmt
+      return ()
+    withStmt conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1, 2)" command
+    withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM foo" $ \stmt -> do
+      2 <- columnCount stmt
+      Row <- step stmt
+      2 <- columnCount stmt
+      [SQLInteger 1, SQLInteger 2] <- columns stmt
+      Done <- step stmt
+      2 <- columnCount stmt
+      return ()
+    withStmt conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (3, 4)" command
+    withStmt conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (5, 6)" command
+    withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM foo" $ \stmt -> do
+      2 <- columnCount stmt
+      exec conn "ALTER TABLE foo ADD COLUMN c INT"
+      Row <- step stmt
+      3 <- columnCount stmt
+      [SQLInteger 1, SQLInteger 2, SQLNull] <- columns stmt
+      exec conn "ALTER TABLE foo ADD COLUMN d INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 42"
+        -- ignored by this prepared statement, now that it has stepped.
+      Row <- step stmt
+      3 <- columnCount stmt
+      [SQLInteger 3, SQLInteger 4, SQLNull] <- columns stmt
+      Row <- step stmt
+      3 <- columnCount stmt
+      [SQLInteger 5, SQLInteger 6, SQLNull] <- columns stmt
+      Done <- step stmt
+      3 <- columnCount stmt
+      reset stmt
+      3 <- columnCount stmt -- The prepared statement *still* doesn't know
+                            -- about the new column.
+      Row <- step stmt
+      4 <- columnCount stmt -- That's better.
+      [SQLInteger 1, SQLInteger 2, SQLNull, SQLInteger 42] <- columns stmt
+      return ()
+  where
+    command stmt = do
+      0 <- columnCount stmt
+      Done <- step stmt
+      0 <- columnCount stmt
+      return ()
+
+testTypedColumns :: TestEnv -> Test
+testTypedColumns TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  withConn $ \conn -> do
+    withStmt conn "CREATE TABLE foo (a INT, b INT)" command
+    withStmt conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1, 2)" command
+    withStmt conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (3, 4)" command
+    withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM foo" $ \stmt -> do
+      Row <- step stmt
+      2 <- columnCount stmt
+      [SQLInteger 1, SQLInteger 2] <- typedColumns stmt [Nothing, Nothing]
+      Row <- step stmt
+      2 <- columnCount stmt
+      [SQLInteger 3, SQLInteger 4] <- typedColumns stmt [Just IntegerColumn, Just IntegerColumn]
+      Done <- step stmt
+      2 <- columnCount stmt
+      return ()
+    withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM foo" $ \stmt -> do
+      Row <- step stmt
+      2 <- columnCount stmt
+      [SQLText "1", SQLText "2"] <- typedColumns stmt [Just TextColumn, Just TextColumn]
+      Row <- step stmt
+      2 <- columnCount stmt
+      [SQLFloat 3.0, SQLFloat 4.0] <- typedColumns stmt [Just FloatColumn, Just FloatColumn]
+      Done <- step stmt
+      2 <- columnCount stmt
+      return ()
+  where
+    command stmt = do
+      0 <- columnCount stmt
+      Done <- step stmt
+      0 <- columnCount stmt
+      return ()
+
+testColumnName :: TestEnv -> Test
+testColumnName TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  withConn $ \conn -> do
+    exec conn "CREATE TABLE foo (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, abc TEXT, \"123\" REAL, über INT)"
+    exec conn "INSERT INTO foo (abc, \"123\", über) VALUES ('hello', 3.14, 456)"
+
+    withStmt conn "SELECT id AS id, abc AS x, \"123\" AS y, über AS ü FROM foo"
+      $ \stmt -> do
+      let checkNames = do
+              4 <- columnCount stmt
+              Nothing   <- columnName stmt (-1)
+              Just "id" <- columnName stmt 0
+              Just "x"  <- columnName stmt 1
+              Just "y"  <- columnName stmt 2
+              Just "ü"  <- columnName stmt 3
+              Nothing   <- columnName stmt 4
+              Nothing   <- columnName stmt minBound
+              Nothing   <- columnName stmt maxBound
+              return ()
+      checkNames
+      Row <- step stmt
+      checkNames
+      [SQLInteger 1, SQLText "hello", SQLFloat 3.14, SQLInteger 456] <- columns stmt
+      Done <- step stmt
+      checkNames
+
+    -- Column names without AS clauses may change in future versions of SQLite.
+    -- This test will fail if they do.
+    withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM foo" $ \stmt -> do
+      4 <- columnCount stmt
+      Nothing     <- columnName stmt (-1)
+      Just "id"   <- columnName stmt 0
+      Just "abc"  <- columnName stmt 1
+      Just "123"  <- columnName stmt 2
+      Just "über" <- columnName stmt 3
+      Nothing     <- columnName stmt 4
+      Nothing     <- columnName stmt minBound
+      Nothing     <- columnName stmt maxBound
+      return ()
+
+-- Testing for specific error codes:
+--
+--  * ErrorConstraint
+--
+--  * ErrorRange
+--
+--  * ErrorLocked
+
+--  * ErrorBusy
+testErrors :: TestEnv -> Test
+testErrors TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  withConn $ \conn -> do
+    exec conn "CREATE TABLE foo (n INT UNIQUE)"
+    exec conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (3)"
+    expectError ErrorConstraint $
+      exec conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (3)"
+
+    -- Multiple NULLs are allowed when there's a UNIQUE constraint
+    exec conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (null)"
+    exec conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (null)"
+
+    exec conn "CREATE TABLE bar (n INT NOT NULL)"
+    expectError ErrorConstraint $
+      exec conn "INSERT INTO bar VALUES (null)"
+
+    withStmt conn "SELECT ?" $ \stmt -> do
+      forM_ [-1, 0, 2] $ \i -> do
+        expectError ErrorRange $ bindSQLData stmt i $ SQLInteger 42
+        expectError ErrorRange $ bindSQLData stmt i SQLNull
+      bindSQLData stmt 1 $ SQLInteger 42
+      Row <- step stmt
+
+      -- If column index is out of range, it returns SQLNull.
+      -- This may or may not be the desired behavior, but at least we know.
+      SQLNull <- column stmt (-1)
+      SQLNull <- column stmt 1
+
+      SQLInteger 42 <- column stmt 0
+      return ()
+
+    withStmt conn "SELECT 1" $ \stmt -> do
+      forM_ [-1, 0, 1, 2] $ \i -> do
+        expectError ErrorRange $ bindSQLData stmt i $ SQLInteger 42
+        expectError ErrorRange $ bindSQLData stmt i SQLNull
+      bind stmt []  -- This should succeed.  Don't whine that there aren't any
+                    -- parameters to bind!
+      Row <- step stmt
+      SQLInteger 1 <- column stmt 0
+      return ()
+
+    withStmt conn "SELECT :bar" $ \stmt -> do
+      shouldFail $ bindNamed stmt [(":missing", SQLInteger 42)]
+      bindNamed stmt [(":bar", SQLInteger 1)]
+      Row <- step stmt
+      SQLInteger 1 <- column stmt 0
+      return ()
+
+    withStmt conn "SELECT ?5" $ \stmt -> do
+      forM_ [-1, 0, 6, 7] $ \i -> do
+        expectError ErrorRange $ bindSQLData stmt i $ SQLInteger 42
+        expectError ErrorRange $ bindSQLData stmt i SQLNull
+      bind stmt $ map SQLInteger [1..5]
+        -- This succeeds, even though 1..4 aren't used.
+      Row <- step stmt
+      [SQLInteger 5] <- columns stmt
+      return ()
+
+  -- Need to access the database with multiple connections.
+  -- "BEGIN; ROLLBACK" causes running statements in the same connection to
+  -- throw SQLITE_ABORT.
+  withConnShared $ \conn -> do
+    foo123456 conn
+    withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM foo" $ \stmt -> do
+      -- "DROP TABLE foo" should succeed, since the statement
+      -- isn't running yet.
+      exec conn "DROP TABLE foo"
+      foo123456 conn
+
+      Row <- step stmt
+      2 <- columnCount stmt
+      [SQLInteger 1, SQLInteger 2] <- columns stmt
+
+      -- "DROP TABLE foo" should fail, now that the statement is running.
+      expectError ErrorLocked $ exec conn "DROP TABLE foo"
+      withConnShared $ \conn -> do
+        expectError ErrorBusy $ exec conn "DROP TABLE foo"
+
+        -- Apparently, we can pretend to drop the table, but we get ErrorBusy
+        -- if we try to actually COMMIT it.
+        exec conn "BEGIN; DROP TABLE foo"
+        expectError ErrorBusy $ exec conn "COMMIT"
+
+        exec conn "ROLLBACK"
+
+      Row <- step stmt
+      2 <- columnCount stmt
+      [SQLInteger 3, SQLInteger 4] <- columns stmt
+      Row <- step stmt
+      2 <- columnCount stmt
+      [SQLInteger 5, SQLInteger 6] <- columns stmt
+
+      expectError ErrorLocked $ exec conn "DROP TABLE foo"
+      withConnShared $ \conn ->
+        expectError ErrorBusy $ exec conn "DROP TABLE foo"
+
+      Done <- step stmt
+      2 <- columnCount stmt
+      exec conn "DROP TABLE foo"
+
+      -- Regular 'reset' throws away the error.  Make sure sqlite3_reset did
+      -- not return an error because foo is now gone.  sqlite3_reset should
+      -- only return an error if the most recent 'step' failed.
+      Right () <- Direct.reset stmt
+
+      -- But trying to 'step' again should fail.
+      Left SQLError{sqlError = err} <- try $ step stmt
+      assertBool "Step after table vanishes should fail with SQLITE_ERROR or SQLITE_SCHEMA"
+                 (err == ErrorError ||  -- SQLite 3.7.13
+                  err == ErrorSchema)   -- SQLite 3.6.22
+
+  where
+    expectError err io = do
+      Left SQLError{sqlError = err'} <- try io
+      assertEqual "testErrors: expectError" err err'
+
+    foo123456 conn =
+      exec conn "CREATE TABLE foo (a INT, b INT); \
+                \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1, 2); \
+                \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (3, 4); \
+                \INSERT INTO foo VALUES (5, 6)"
+
+-- Make sure data stored in a table comes back as-is.
+testIntegrity :: TestEnv -> Test
+testIntegrity TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  withConn $ \conn -> do
+    exec conn "CREATE TABLE foo (i INT, f FLOAT, t TEXT, b BLOB, n TEXT)"
+    withStmt conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)" $ \insert ->
+      withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM foo" $ \select -> do
+        let test = testWith (===)
+
+            testWith f values = do
+              exec conn "DELETE FROM foo"
+
+              reset insert
+              bind insert values
+              Done <- step insert
+
+              reset select
+              Row <- step select
+              values' <- columns select
+              Done <- step select
+
+              return $ f values values'
+
+        True <- test [SQLInteger 0, SQLFloat 0.0, SQLText T.empty, SQLBlob B.empty, SQLNull]
+        True <- test [SQLInteger minBound, SQLFloat (-1/0), SQLText "\0", SQLBlob (B8.pack "\0"), SQLNull]
+        True <- test [SQLInteger maxBound, SQLFloat (1/0), SQLText "\1114111", SQLBlob ("\255"), SQLNull]
+
+        -- SQLite3 turns NaN into SQLNull.
+        True <- testWith (\_old new -> new === [SQLNull, SQLNull, SQLNull, SQLNull, SQLNull])
+                [SQLNull, SQLFloat (0/0), SQLNull, SQLNull, SQLNull]
+
+        return ()
+
+testDecodeError :: TestEnv -> Test
+testDecodeError TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  withStmt conn "SELECT ?" $ \stmt -> do
+    Right () <- Direct.bindText stmt 1 invalidUtf8
+    Row <- step stmt
+    Left (DecodeError "Database.SQLite3.columnText: Invalid UTF-8" _)
+      <- try $ column stmt 0
+    return ()
+
+  -- Verify the assertion that SQLite3 does not validate UTF-8, by writing the
+  -- data to a table on disk and reading it back.
+  withConnShared $ \conn -> do
+    exec conn "CREATE TABLE testDecodeError (a TEXT)"
+    withStmt conn "INSERT INTO testDecodeError VALUES (?)" $ \stmt -> do
+      Right () <- Direct.bindText stmt 1 invalidUtf8
+      Done <- step stmt
+      return ()
+  withConnShared $ \conn -> do
+    withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM testDecodeError" $ \stmt -> do
+      Row <- step stmt
+      TextColumn <- columnType stmt 0
+      txt <- Direct.columnText stmt 0
+      assertEqual "testDecodeError: Database altered our invalid UTF-8" invalidUtf8 txt
+      Left (DecodeError "Database.SQLite3.columnText: Invalid UTF-8" _)
+        <- try $ columnText stmt 0
+      Done <- step stmt
+      return ()
+
+  where
+    invalidUtf8 = Direct.Utf8 $ B.pack [0x80]
+
+testResultStats :: TestEnv -> Test
+testResultStats TestEnv{..} = TestCase $
+  withConn $ \conn -> do
+    (0, 0, 0) <- stats conn
+    exec conn "CREATE TABLE tbl (n INTEGER PRIMARY KEY)"
+    (0, 0, 0) <- stats conn
+    exec conn "INSERT INTO tbl DEFAULT VALUES"
+    (1, 1, 1) <- stats conn
+    exec conn "INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (123)"
+    (123, 1, 2) <- stats conn
+    exec conn "INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (9223372036854775807)"
+    (maxBound, 1, 3) <- stats conn
+    exec conn "INSERT INTO tbl DEFAULT VALUES"  -- picks a rowid at random
+    (rowid, 1, 4) <- stats conn
+    True <- return $ (`notElem` [1, 123, maxBound]) rowid
+    exec conn "UPDATE tbl SET rowid=rowid+1 WHERE rowid=1 OR rowid=123"
+    (_, 2, 6) <- stats conn
+    Left SQLError{ sqlError = ErrorConstraint }
+      <- try $ exec conn "UPDATE tbl SET rowid=4"
+    exec conn "DELETE FROM tbl"
+    (_, 4, 10) <- stats conn
+    return ()
+  where
+    stats conn =
+      liftM3 (,,) (lastInsertRowId conn)
+                  (changes conn)
+                  (Direct.totalChanges conn)
+
+testGetAutoCommit :: TestEnv -> Test
+testGetAutoCommit TestEnv{..} = TestCase $
+  withConn $ \conn -> do
+    True <- Direct.getAutoCommit conn
+    exec conn "BEGIN"
+    False <- Direct.getAutoCommit conn
+    Left (ErrorError, _) <- Direct.exec conn "BEGIN"
+    False <- Direct.getAutoCommit conn
+
+    exec conn "ROLLBACK"
+    True <- Direct.getAutoCommit conn
+    Left (ErrorError, _) <- Direct.exec conn "ROLLBACK"
+    True <- Direct.getAutoCommit conn
+
+    exec conn "BEGIN"
+    False <- Direct.getAutoCommit conn
+    Left (ErrorFull, _) <- Direct.exec conn
+        "PRAGMA max_page_count=1; CREATE TABLE foo (a INT)"
+    True <- Direct.getAutoCommit conn
+    Left (ErrorError, _) <- Direct.exec conn "ROLLBACK"
+
+    return ()
+
+testStatementSql :: TestEnv -> Test
+testStatementSql TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  let q1 = "SELECT 1+1"
+  withStmt conn q1 $ \stmt -> do
+    Just (Direct.Utf8 sql1) <- Direct.statementSql stmt
+    T.encodeUtf8 q1 @=? sql1
+
+testCustomFunction :: TestEnv -> Test
+testCustomFunction TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  withConn $ \conn -> do
+    createFunction conn "repeat" (Just 2) True repeatString
+    withStmt conn "SELECT repeat(3,'abc')" $ \stmt -> do
+      Row <- step stmt
+      [SQLText "abcabcabc"] <- columns stmt
+      Done <- step stmt
+      return ()
+    deleteFunction conn "repeat" (Just 2)
+    Left SQLError{sqlError = ErrorError} <-
+        try $ exec conn "SELECT repeat(3,'abc')"
+    return ()
+  where
+    repeatString ctx args = do
+        n <- funcArgInt64 args 0
+        s <- funcArgText args 1
+        funcResultText ctx $ T.concat $ replicate (fromIntegral n) s
+
+testCustomFunctionError :: TestEnv -> Test
+testCustomFunctionError TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  withConn $ \conn -> do
+    createFunction conn "fail" (Just 0) True throwError
+    Left SQLError{..} <- try $ exec conn "SELECT fail()"
+    -- Match only the first 13 characters of the error message here.  The
+    -- error message coming from the use of "error" nowadays contains
+    -- fragments of the callstack and not just the string we gave it.
+    assertBool "Catch exception"
+        (sqlError == ErrorError && T.take 13 sqlErrorDetails == "error message")
+  where
+    throwError _ _ = error "error message"
+
+testCustomAggragate :: TestEnv -> Test
+testCustomAggragate TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  withConn $ \conn -> do
+    exec conn "CREATE TABLE tbl (n INT)"
+    exec conn "INSERT INTO tbl(n) VALUES (12), (-3), (7)"
+    createAggregate conn "mysum" (Just 1) 0 mySumStep funcResultInt64
+    withStmt conn "SELECT mysum(n) FROM tbl" $ \stmt -> do
+      Row <- step stmt
+      [SQLInteger 16] <- columns stmt
+      Done <- step stmt
+      return ()
+    deleteFunction conn "mysum" (Just 1)
+    Left SQLError{sqlError = ErrorError} <-
+        try $ exec conn "SELECT mysum(n) FROM tbl"
+    return ()
+  where
+    mySumStep _ args s = do
+        n <- funcArgInt64 args 0
+        return (s + n)
+
+testCustomCollation :: TestEnv -> Test
+testCustomCollation TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  withConn $ \conn -> do
+    exec conn "CREATE TABLE tbl (n TEXT)"
+    exec conn "INSERT INTO tbl(n) VALUES ('dog'),('mouse'),('ox'),('cat')"
+    createCollation conn "len" cmpLen
+    withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM tbl ORDER BY n COLLATE len" $ \stmt -> do
+      Row <- step stmt
+      [SQLText "ox"] <- columns stmt
+      Row <- step stmt
+      [SQLText "cat"] <- columns stmt
+      Row <- step stmt
+      [SQLText "dog"] <- columns stmt
+      Row <- step stmt
+      [SQLText "mouse"] <- columns stmt
+      Done <- step stmt
+      return ()
+    deleteCollation conn "len"
+    Left SQLError{sqlError = ErrorError} <-
+        try $ exec conn "SELECT * FROM tbl ORDER BY n COLLATE len"
+    return ()
+  where
+    -- order by length first, then by lexicographical order
+    cmpLen s1 s2 = compare (T.length s1) (T.length s2) <> compare s1 s2
+
+testIncrementalBlobIO :: TestEnv -> Test
+testIncrementalBlobIO TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  withConn $ \conn -> do
+    exec conn "CREATE TABLE tbl (n BLOB)"
+    exec conn "INSERT INTO tbl(rowid,n) VALUES (1,'abcdefg')"
+    blob <- blobOpen conn "main" "tbl" "n" 1 True
+    l <- blobBytes blob
+    assertEqual "blobBytes" 7 l
+    s <- blobRead blob 4 2
+    assertEqual "blobRead" "cdef" s
+    blobWrite blob "BC" 1
+    blobClose blob
+    withStmt conn "SELECT n FROM tbl" $ \stmt -> do
+      Row <- step stmt
+      s' <- columnBlob stmt 0
+      assertEqual "blobWrite" "aBCdefg" s'
+
+testInterrupt :: TestEnv -> Test
+testInterrupt TestEnv{..} = TestCase $
+  withConn $ \conn -> do
+    exec conn "CREATE TABLE tbl (n INT)"
+
+    withStmt conn "INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (?)" $ \stmt -> do
+      exec conn "BEGIN"
+      forM_ [1..200] $ \i -> do
+          reset stmt
+          bind stmt [SQLInteger i]
+          Done <- step stmt
+          return ()
+      exec conn "COMMIT"
+
+    stmt <- prepare conn tripleSum
+    _ <- forkIO $ threadDelay 100000 >> interrupt conn
+    Left ErrorInterrupt <- Direct.step stmt
+    Left ErrorInterrupt <- Direct.finalize stmt
+
+    Nothing <- timeout 100000 $ interruptibly conn $ exec conn tripleSum
+
+    return ()
+
+  where
+    tripleSum = "SELECT sum(a.n + b.n + c.n) FROM tbl as a, tbl as b, tbl as c"
+
+testMultiRowInsert :: TestEnv -> Test
+testMultiRowInsert TestEnv{..} = TestCase $ do
+  withConn $ \conn -> do
+    exec conn "CREATE TABLE foo (a INT, b INT)"
+    result <- try $ exec conn "INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1,2), (3,4)"
+    case result of
+      Left SQLError{sqlError = ErrorError} ->
+        assertFailure "Installed SQLite3 does not support multi-row INSERT via the VALUES clause"
+      Left e ->
+        assertFailure $ show e
+      Right () -> do
+        -- Make sure multi-row insert actually worked
+        2 <- changes conn
+        withStmt conn "SELECT * FROM foo" $ \stmt -> do
+          Row <- step stmt
+          [SQLInteger 1, SQLInteger 2] <- columns stmt
+          Row <- step stmt
+          [SQLInteger 3, SQLInteger 4] <- columns stmt
+          Done <- step stmt
+          return ()
+
+
+withTestEnv :: String -> (TestEnv -> IO a) -> IO a
+withTestEnv tempDbName cb =
+    withConn $ \conn ->
+        cb TestEnv
+            { conn           = conn
+            , withConn       = withConn
+            , withConnShared = withConnPath (T.pack tempDbName)
+            }
+  where
+    withConn = withConnPath ":memory:"
+    withConnPath path cb = do
+      conn <- open path
+      r <- cb conn `onException` Direct.close conn
+            -- If the callback throws an exception, try to close the DB.
+            -- If closing fails (usually due to open 'Statement's),
+            -- throw the original error, not the error produced by 'close'.
+            -- Direct.close returns the error rather than throwing it.
+      close conn
+      return r
+
+runTestGroup :: String -> [TestEnv -> Test] -> IO Bool
+runTestGroup tempDbName tests = do
+  Counts{cases, tried, errors, failures} <-
+    withTestEnv tempDbName $ \env -> runTestTT $ TestList $ map ($ env) tests
+  return (cases == tried && errors == 0 && failures == 0)
+
+main :: IO ()
+main = do
+  mapM_ (`hSetBuffering` LineBuffering) [stdout, stderr]
+  withTempFile "." "direct-sqlite-test-database" $ \tempDbName _hFile -> do
+    open (T.pack tempDbName) >>= close
+    ok <- runTestGroup tempDbName regressionTests
+    when (not ok) exitFailure
+    -- Signal failure if feature tests fail.  I'd rather print a noisy warning
+    -- instead, but cabal redirects test output to log files by default.
+    ok <- runTestGroup tempDbName featureTests
+    when (not ok) exitFailure
test/StrictEq.hs view
@@ -1,57 +1,57 @@-{-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-}-module StrictEq (-    StrictEq(..),-    (/==),-) where--import Data.ByteString          (ByteString)-import Data.Int                 (Int64)-import Data.Text                (Text)-import Database.SQLite3-import Foreign.C-import Foreign.Marshal.Alloc-import Foreign.Ptr-import Foreign.Storable-import System.IO.Unsafe         (unsafePerformIO)--foreign import ccall unsafe "string.h memcmp"-    c_memcmp :: Ptr a -> Ptr a -> CSize -> IO CInt---- | Variant of Eq that compares Double based on raw representation,--- rather than applying IEEE 754 coercion rules.-class StrictEq a where-    (===) :: a -> a -> Bool--(/==) :: StrictEq a => a -> a -> Bool-(/==) a b = not (a === b)--instance StrictEq Double where-    a === b = unsafePerformIO $-        alloca $ \aptr ->-        alloca $ \bptr -> do-            poke aptr a-            poke bptr b-            rc <- c_memcmp aptr bptr (fromIntegral $ sizeOf a)-            return (rc == 0)--instance StrictEq Int64 where-    a === b = a == b--instance StrictEq Text where-    a === b = a == b--instance StrictEq ByteString where-    a === b = a == b--instance StrictEq a => StrictEq [a] where-    []      === []      = True-    (x:xs)  === (y:ys)  = x === y && xs === ys-    _       === _       = False--instance StrictEq SQLData where-    SQLInteger  a === SQLInteger b = a === b-    SQLFloat    a === SQLFloat   b = a === b-    SQLText     a === SQLText    b = a === b-    SQLBlob     a === SQLBlob    b = a === b-    SQLNull       === SQLNull      = True-    _             === _            = False+{-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-}
+module StrictEq (
+    StrictEq(..),
+    (/==),
+) where
+
+import Data.ByteString          (ByteString)
+import Data.Int                 (Int64)
+import Data.Text                (Text)
+import Database.SQLite3
+import Foreign.C
+import Foreign.Marshal.Alloc
+import Foreign.Ptr
+import Foreign.Storable
+import System.IO.Unsafe         (unsafePerformIO)
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "string.h memcmp"
+    c_memcmp :: Ptr a -> Ptr a -> CSize -> IO CInt
+
+-- | Variant of Eq that compares Double based on raw representation,
+-- rather than applying IEEE 754 coercion rules.
+class StrictEq a where
+    (===) :: a -> a -> Bool
+
+(/==) :: StrictEq a => a -> a -> Bool
+(/==) a b = not (a === b)
+
+instance StrictEq Double where
+    a === b = unsafePerformIO $
+        alloca $ \aptr ->
+        alloca $ \bptr -> do
+            poke aptr a
+            poke bptr b
+            rc <- c_memcmp aptr bptr (fromIntegral $ sizeOf a)
+            return (rc == 0)
+
+instance StrictEq Int64 where
+    a === b = a == b
+
+instance StrictEq Text where
+    a === b = a == b
+
+instance StrictEq ByteString where
+    a === b = a == b
+
+instance StrictEq a => StrictEq [a] where
+    []      === []      = True
+    (x:xs)  === (y:ys)  = x === y && xs === ys
+    _       === _       = False
+
+instance StrictEq SQLData where
+    SQLInteger  a === SQLInteger b = a === b
+    SQLFloat    a === SQLFloat   b = a === b
+    SQLText     a === SQLText    b = a === b
+    SQLBlob     a === SQLBlob    b = a === b
+    SQLNull       === SQLNull      = True
+    _             === _            = False