packages feed

backstop (empty) → 1.3.0.352

raw patch · 11 files changed

+3876/−0 lines, 11 filesdep +HUnitdep +QuickCheckdep +base

Dependencies added: HUnit, QuickCheck, base, directory, filepath, mtl, process, unix

Files

+ CHANGELOG.md view
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@+# Revision history for backstop++## 1.3.0.350 -- 2019-07-11++* First version. Released on an unsuspecting world.++## 1.3.0.351 -- 2019-07-14++* First cabal package.++## 1.3.0.352 -- 2019-07-14++* Small documentation corrections.
+ LICENSE view
@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@+              GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE+                Version 3, 29 June 2007++ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.++                     Preamble++  The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for+software and other kinds of works.++  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed+to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,+the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to+share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free+software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the+GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to+any other work released this way by its authors.  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+ README.md view
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@+# The backstop command++The backstop command is a UNIX, Linux, and *BSD tool. Intuitively,+backstop fills in the missing objects or holes that exist in the+target directory relative to the source directories thereby creating a+merged view of the target and source directories.  De-backstop undoes+this.  See "backstop -m" for a manual page or the+[homepage](https://github.com/mdgabriel/backstop.git) for more+information.++The command backstop was created over twenty years ago to manage+development environement toolchains in which part of the project was+under source control and part of the project was not, e.g. binaries.+It was inspired by lndir, graft, and "Source Control to Project+Control: Applying RCS and SCCS" by Don Bolinger and Tan Bronson.+Techniques have changed with time, but backstop is a robust tool+with an extensive test suite that runs around 2700 tests, a+combination of HUnit, QuickCheck, and black box tests.++In the author's obviously biased veiw, backstop has pedagogical+value.  The module Backstop uses a ReaderT monad transformer to+manage an Environment passed to it via the command line, a StateT+monad transformer to keep track of a set of counters and to keep track+of the status of direcotry content while backstopping or+de-backstopping.  The last two are Monoids.  With this structure,+the handling of a dry-run for backstop or de-backstop is rather+powerful even it is a bit subtle (obscure) to understand.++On a personal note, the author truly began to appreciate Haskell after+creating the Backstop module and its test suite and has not stopped+appreciating Haskell since.++# The backstop manual page++```backstop(1)                 User Commands                  backstop(1)++NAME+   backstop - Backstop a target directory by source directories++SYNOPSIS+   backstop [-nprt] [-a|-d] trgdir srcdir [srcdir ...]+   backstop -h+   backstop -l+   backstop -m+   backstop -v+   backstop -y++AVAILABILITY+   Marcus D. Gabriel (c)1999-2019.  All rights reserved.++   marcus@gabriel.name++   License terms: GNU GPL version 3 or later (backstop -l)++DESCRIPTION+   Backstop a target directory by source directories thereby+   creating a backing chain using relative symbolic links by default+   or absolute symbolic links by option.  If more than one source+   directory is given, backstop the target directory with each+   source directory in turn starting from left to right on the+   command line.++   Intuitively, backstop fills in the missing objects or holes that+   exist in the target directory relative to the source directories+   thereby creating a merged view of the target and source+   directories.++   De-backstop a target directory by its source directories.  In+   this case, the source directories no longer need to exist.  If+   more than one source directory is given, de-backstop the target+   directory by the source directories.++   Symbolic links are never followed.  However, the target and+   source directories are canonicalized (realpath(3)) internally by+   the command backstop before backstopping and de-backstoppoing.++   By default no output is displayed except possibly to STDERR.++ALGORITHM+   There must be at least two arguments or operands.  The first+   operand is the target directory, and the second operand and+   beyond are source directories.  The target and source directory+   must be parallel directories, that is, neither canonicalized+   (realpath(3)) directory path may be a sub-directory of the other.+   If the above is not true, a usage error occurs.++   Nevertheless, pathnames are internally in reduced form such that+   symbolic link names are treated literally when finding directory+   names.  See "cd -L" of ksh(1).  In other words, components in the+   pathname that are not directories but symbolic links to+   directories are not resolved to their corresponding directories.++   A list of objects or names is collected under the root of the+   source directory excluding the directory dot (.) and the+   directory double-dot (..).  If the list is empty, the algorithm+   is done, otherwise the objects divide into two classes, objects+   that are not directories and objects that are directories.  There+   are five possibilities:++   1. The object is either dot (.) or double-dot (..) whereupon no+      action is taken.++   2. If an object of the same name as the name of the object under+      the root of the source directory does not exists under the+      root of the target directory, then a symbolic link, relative+      or absolute as required, is created under the root of the+      target directory to the object under the root of the source+      directory.  If populating (-p) and the object under the root+      of the source directory is a directory, then a sub-directory+      is created instead.++   3. If an object of the same name as the name of the object under+      the root of the source directory does exists under the root of+      the target directory and is a file, no action is taken,+      regardless of whether or not the object under the root of the+      source directory is a file or a directory.++   4. If an object of the same name as the name of the object under+      the root of the source directory does exists under the root of+      the target directory and is a directory, and if the object of+      the same name under the root of the source directory is a+      file, no action is taken.++   5. If an object of the same name as the name of the object under+      the root of the source directory does exists under the root of+      the target directory and is a directory, and if the object of+      the same name under the root of the source directory is also a+      directory, then recursion occurs with the objects of the same+      name under the roots of the target and source directories as+      new root target and source directories, respectively.++   When de-backstopping a target directory by source directories,+   the sources no longer need to exist.  Symbolic links under the+   target are removed if and only if they point to a pahtname under+   one of the source directories.  This can be determined even if+   the source directory no longer exists because symbolic links+   within directory pathnames are taken literally.  See "cd -L" of+   ksh(1).++   When de-populating while de-backstopping (-pd), a directory is+   removed if all objects within the directory are symbolic links+   that have been remove while de-backstopping.  An empty directory+   is removed if and only if there exists a corresponding directory+   path under one of the source directories as under the target+   directory.  This can only be determined if the source directory+   and correponding sub-directory still exist.  If not, then no+   action is taken.++OPTIONS+   The following options are supported:++   -a Create symbolic links which are absolute paths.++   -d De-backstop the target directory by its source directories.+      The -a option has no affect on the -d option.++   -h Display a short command summary.++   -l Display the backstop license terms.++   -m Display this internal manual page.++   -n Take no action but trace possible program execution.  The -n+      option implies the -t option.++   -p Populate the target by making equivalent sub-directories of+      the source sub-directories instead of symbolic links for these+      sub-directories that point back into the sources.  For+      example, if the target directory is empty, then for a set of+      source directories, from left to right on the command line,+      this creates a combined directory structure of the sources+      under the target directory in which all non-directories are+      symbolic links pointing back into the source directories.+      This is similar to the lndir(1) command of the X consortium.++      With the -d option, all sub-directories emptied of symbolic+      links under the target directory are removed, and all empty+      directories are removed if and only if the correspoding+      sub-directory under the source directory exists.++   -r Report the number of symbolic links and directories created,+      the number of calls and maximum depth of backstop, the+      maximum breadth observed by backstop, and the number of non-+      fatal errors encountered.  With the -d option, show the+      number of symbolic links and directories removed.++   -t Show the trace of program execution.  The output is a list+      of executable commands.++   -v The version of backstop.++   -y A synopsis of the internal manual page.++OPERANDS+   trgdir+      The directory that will be backed by other directories.  The+      target directory can be backed by multiple source directories+      where each source directory could be backed by yet another+      directory or multiple directories thereby creating an+      extensible backing chain.++   srcdir+      The directory which backs a target directory.  The source+      directory can be backed by multiple additional directories+      where each additional directory could be backed by yet another+      directory or multiple directories thereby creating an+      extensible backing chain.++USAGE NOTES+   Evolved with ghc 6.10, 6.12, 7.0, 7.4, 7.10, 8.0.2, and 8.4.1.+   Tested with 8.4.1.++EXAMPLES+   To display a summary of usage, use++      backstop -h++   To display a synopsis of this internal manual page, use++      backstop -y++   To display this internal manual page, use++      backstop -m++   To trace program execution, use++      backstop -t /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules \+                  /export/install/sparc/modules++   To trace program execution taking no action, use++      backstop -n /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules \+                  /export/install/sparc/modules++   To back /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules with+   /export/install/sparc/modules using relative symbolic links, use++      backstop /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules \+               /export/install/sparc/modules++   To back /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules with+   /export/install/sparc/modules using absolute symbolic links, use++      backstop -a /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules \+                  /export/install/sparc/modules++   To stop backing /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules with+   /export/install/sparc/modules, use++      backstop -d /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules \+                  /export/install/sparc/modules++ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES+   PAGER   Page the internal manual page or license terms+           using "${PAGER}", otherwise print it.++EXIT STATUS+   An exit status of 0 is returned if successful, otherwise non-zero+   is returned.  The following error exit codes are used by+   backstop:++       EXIT CODE    MEANING+          251       Less than two operands.+          252       Not a directory, that is, trgdir or one or more+                    of the srcdir are not a directory.+          253       Not parallel directories, that is, a srcdir is+                    a sub-directory of trgdir or vice versa, or one+                    of the srcdir is a sub-directory of another+                    srcdir.+          254       Not yet implemented.+          255       Non-fatal errors occurred.  Error messages are+                    sent to STDERR for each non-fatal error that+                    occurred with return code equal to the number of+                    non-falal errors if less than 251, otherwise the+                    return code is 255, that is, "infinity".++FILES+   N/A.++SEE ALSO+   ln(1), mkdir(1), rm(1), rmdir(1), ksh(1), lndir(1), realpath(3)++   "Source Control to Project Control: Applying RCS and SCCS" by Don+   Bolinger and Tan Bronson. ISBN 1-56592-117-8.++NOTES+   Please send bug reports to https://github.com/mdgabriel/backstop/issues.++BUGS+   No known bugs to date.+```
+ backstop.cabal view
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@+cabal-version: 2.4+name: backstop+version: 1.3.0.352+license: GPL-3.0-only+license-file: LICENSE+copyright: All rights reserved (c)1999-2019.+maintainer: marcus@gabriel.name+author: Marcus D. Gabriel+homepage: https://github.com/mdgabriel/backstop.git+bug-reports: https://github.com/mdgabriel/backstop/issues+synopsis: Backstop a target directory by source directories+description:+    The backstop command is a UNIX, Linux, and *BSD tool. Intuitively,+    backstop fills in the missing objects or holes that exist in the+    target directory relative to the source directories thereby+    creating a merged view of the target and source directories.+    De-backstop undoes this. See "backstop -m" for a manual page+    or the [homepage](https://github.com/mdgabriel/backstop.git)+    for more information.+category: program, development, library+extra-source-files:+    CHANGELOG.md+    README.md++source-repository head+    type: git+    location: https://github.com/mdgabriel/backstop.git+    tag: 1.3.0.351++library+    exposed-modules:+        Backstop+        Environment+        License+        Manual+        Utils+    hs-source-dirs: src+    default-language: Haskell2010+    build-depends:+        base >=4.12.0.0 && <4.13,+        directory >=1.3.3.0 && <1.4,+        filepath >=1.4.2.1 && <1.5,+        mtl >=2.2.2 && <2.3,+        process >=1.6.5.0 && <1.7,+        unix >=2.7.2.2 && <2.8++executable backstop+    main-is: Main.hs+    hs-source-dirs: src+    other-modules:+        Backstop+        Environment+        License+        Manual+        Utils+    default-language: Haskell2010+    build-depends:+        base >=4.12.0.0 && <4.13,+        directory >=1.3.3.0 && <1.4,+        filepath >=1.4.2.1 && <1.5,+        mtl >=2.2.2 && <2.3,+        process >=1.6.5.0 && <1.7,+        unix >=2.7.2.2 && <2.8++test-suite run-tests+    type: exitcode-stdio-1.0+    main-is: RunTests.hs+    hs-source-dirs: src tests+    other-modules:+        Utils+    default-language: Haskell2010+    build-depends:+        base ==4.*,+        HUnit >=1.6.0.0 && <1.7,+        QuickCheck >=2.13.2 && <2.14,+        filepath >=1.4.2.1 && <1.5,+        process >=1.6.5.0 && <1.7,+        unix >=2.7.2.2 && <2.8
+ src/Backstop.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}+module Backstop (backstop) where++import Control.Applicative ((<$>))+import Control.Exception (try)+import Control.Monad.Reader (ask,ReaderT,runReaderT,withReaderT)+import Control.Monad.State.Strict (put,lift,when,evalStateT,get,StateT,runStateT,filterM)+import Control.Monad.Trans (liftIO)+import Data.List ((\\),sort,delete)+import Data.Monoid --(Monoid(..))+import Environment (Environment(..),defaultEnv)+import System.Exit (exitWith,ExitCode(..))+import System.FilePath ((</>),isAbsolute)+import System.Directory (createDirectory,removeDirectory,removeFile,getDirectoryContents)+import System.IO (stderr,hPutStrLn)+import System.IO.Error hiding (try)+import System.Posix.Files (readSymbolicLink,isDirectory,isSymbolicLink,createSymbolicLink,getSymbolicLinkStatus)+import Utils (aDirectory,compElems,absoluteLink,relativeLink,subdirectory,dot,dotdot,anObject)+++-- Section 0: The interface to Main.runWith: Backstop.backstop ----------------------++-- | 'backstop' the 'Environment' reporting a summary if requested,+-- any errors, and a return code.  The return code is either 0 for+-- success, the number of errors, or 255 for infinity.++backstop :: Environment -> IO ()+backstop e =+    do bs <- runReaderT (if deBackstop e then _unbackstop else _backstop) e+       when (report e) $ putBackstop bs+       exitWith $ if errs bs > 0+                  then ExitFailure (if errs bs < 251 then errs bs else 255)+                  else ExitSuccess+++-- Section 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------++data Backstop =+    BS { calls    :: Int      -- ^ Number of calls to 'backstop'+       , depth    :: Int      -- ^ Depth of recursion of 'backstop'+       , breadth  :: Int      -- ^ Breadth for the given call to and depth of 'backstop'+       , symlinks :: Int      -- ^ Number of symlinks created or removed+       , dirs     :: Int      -- ^ Number of directories created or removed+       , errs     :: Int      -- ^ Number of non-fatal IO errors that occurred+       } deriving Eq++instance Semigroup Backstop where+    bs1 <> bs2 = let add        f = f bs1 + f bs2+                     biggest    f = max (f bs1) (f bs2)+                 in BS (add calls)+                       (add depth)+                       (biggest breadth)+                       (add symlinks)+                       (add dirs)+                       (add errs)++instance Monoid Backstop where+-- Because of the use of biggest below, this instance of mempty is+-- only an identity of a monoid for all Int >= 0.  This is the case in+-- the Backstop module.  The monoid laws do not hold for Int < 0.+    mempty = BS 0 0 0 0 0 0++-- | Put to STDERR the 'Backstop' results 'symlinks', 'dirs', 'calls',+-- 'depth', 'breadth', and 'errs'.++putBackstop :: Backstop -> IO ()+putBackstop bs =+    hPutStrLn stderr ("Symlinks: " ++ (justify 5.show.symlinks) bs ++ "; " +++                      "Dirs: "     ++ (justify 4.show.dirs)     bs ++ "; " +++                      "Calls: "    ++ (justify 4.show.calls)    bs ++ "; " +++                      "Depth: "    ++ (justify 4.show.depth)    bs ++ "; " +++                      "Breadth: "  ++ (justify 3.show.breadth)  bs ++ "; " +++                      "Errs: "     ++ (justify 3.show.errs)     bs+                     )+    where+    justify w s = let l = length s in (if l < w then (replicate (w-l) ' ' ++) else id) s+++-- Section 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------++-- | '_backstop' the 'Environment' keeping track of the 'Backstop' results.++_backstop :: ReaderT Environment IO Backstop+_backstop =+    do e <- ask+       if (length.operands) e < 2+           then return oneCall+           else do bs1 <- __backstop+                   bs2 <- withReaderT nextSource _backstop+                   return (bs1 `mappend` bs2)+    where+    __backstop =+        do e <- ask+           let t = operands e !! 0+           let s = operands e !! 1+           (bs1, ts) <- listDirectoryContents t+           (bs2, ss) <- listDirectoryContents s+           let (ps12, _, ps2) = compElems ts ss+           bs3 <- createObjects ps2+           ds  <- listDirectories (ps12++ps2)+           bs4 <- mconcat <$> mapM (\d -> withReaderT (nextDepth d) __backstop) ds+           (return.mconcat) [bs4, bs3, bs2, bs1, oneCall, if null ds then  mempty else oneDepth]++-- | Given an 'Environment' and a list of pathnames @ps@, create the+-- objects which are links from the target to the source or+-- directories as required yielding the 'Backstop' result.++createObjects :: [FilePath] -> ReaderT Environment IO Backstop+createObjects = fmap mconcat . mapM createObject++-- | 'createObject' attempts to create a symbolic link or directory+-- given an 'Environment' and a basename pathname @p@ yielding+-- the 'Backstop' result.++createObject :: FilePath -> ReaderT Environment IO Backstop+createObject p =+    do e <- ask+       if (length.operands) e < 2 then return mempty else _createObject p+    where+    prt p t s = liftIO $ putStr $ if p+                                  then "mkdir " ++ "\"" ++ t ++ "\"\n"+                                  else "ln -s " ++ "\"" ++ s ++ "\" " ++ "\"" ++ t ++ "\"\n"+    _createObject p =+        do e <- ask+           let d         = pwd e+           let t         = (operands e !! 0) </> p+           let s         = (operands e !! 1) </> p+           let s_        = (if absolute e then absoluteLink else relativeLink) d t s+           p <- liftIO $ fmap (populate e &&)  (aDirectory s)+           let one = if p then oneDir else oneSymlink+           when (trace e) $ prt p t s_+           if noAction e+               then return one+               else do (bs, _) <- tryOperation $ if p+                                                 then createDirectory t+                                                 else createSymbolicLink s_ t+                       return $ if bs /= mempty then bs else one+++-- Section 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------++data DirectoryContentStatus = Occupied -- ^ Directory occupied with remaining content after '__unbackstop'+                            | Emptied  -- ^ Directory was emptied by '__unbackstop'+                            | Empty    -- ^ Directory was empty when viewed by '__unbackstop'+                              deriving Eq++instance Semigroup DirectoryContentStatus where+    dcs1 <> dcs2 = case (dcs1, dcs2) of+                        (Occupied, _) -> Occupied+                        (_, Occupied) -> Occupied+                        (Empty, _)    -> Empty+                        (_, Empty)    -> Empty+                        (_,_)         -> Emptied++instance Monoid DirectoryContentStatus where+    mempty = Emptied++type DCS = DirectoryContentStatus -- Short version++-- | '_unbackstop' the 'Environment' keeping track of the 'Backstop' results.++_unbackstop :: ReaderT Environment IO Backstop+_unbackstop =+    do e <- ask+       if (length.operands) e < 2+           then return oneCall+           else do -- Emptied when "empty" directory, otherwise Empty or set Occupied+                   bs1 <- evalStateT __unbackstop Emptied+                   bs2 <- withReaderT nextSource _unbackstop+                   return (bs1 `mappend` bs2)+    where+    __unbackstop :: StateT DCS (ReaderT Environment IO) Backstop+    __unbackstop =+        do e <- ask+           let t = operands e !! 0+           (bs1, ts) <- lift $ listDirectoryContents t+           ds  <- lift $ listDirectories ts+           let os = ts \\ ds+           bs2 <- destroyObjects os+           if null ds+               then do put $ if symlinks bs2 /= length os then Occupied+                             else if null os then Empty else Emptied+                       (return.mconcat) [bs2, bs1, oneCall]+               else do bs3 <- mconcat <$> mapM recurse ds+                       dcs <- get+                       put $ dcs `mappend` if symlinks bs2 /= length os then Occupied+                                           else if null os then Empty else Emptied+                       (return.mconcat) [bs3, bs2, bs1, oneCall, oneDepth]++    recurse :: FilePath -> StateT DCS (ReaderT Environment IO) Backstop+    recurse d = do s1 <- get+                   -- Emptied when "empty" directory, otherwise Empty or set Occupied+                   (bs1, s2) <- lift $ withReaderT (nextDepth d) (runStateT __unbackstop Emptied)+                   put s2+                   bs2 <- destroyObjects [d]+                   s3 <- get+                   put (mconcat [s1, s2, s3])+                   (return.mconcat) [bs2, bs1]++    {- Assume StateT monads for ms, then+    +       sequence ms = foldr k (return []) ms+           where+           k mx mxs =+               StateT $ \s ->+                   (runState mx) s >>= \ (x, s') ->+                       (runStateT mxs) s' >>= \ (xs, s'') -> (x:xs, s'')++       Since mapM f xs is sequence (map f xs), it is recurse plus (dcs+       <- get) in __unbackstop above via mapM (sequence) that threads+       the DCS state value through __unbackstop.  All put and get+       calls are in encapsulated in __unbackstop and all that it calls+       and only calls: destroyObjects, destroyObject, destroySymlink,+       and destroyDir.  For now, only destroyDir has a get and a put.+    -}++-- | Given an 'Environment' and a list of pathnames @ps@, destroy the+-- objects which are links from the target to the source or+-- directories as required yielding the 'Backstop' result.++destroyObjects :: [FilePath] -> StateT DCS (ReaderT Environment IO) Backstop+destroyObjects = fmap mconcat . mapM destroyObject++-- | 'destroyObject' attempts to destroy a symbolic link or directory+-- given an 'Environment' and a basename pathname @p@ yielding+-- the 'Backstop' result.++destroyObject :: FilePath -> StateT DCS (ReaderT Environment IO) Backstop+destroyObject p =+    do e <- ask+       if (length.operands) e < 2 then return mempty else _destroyObject p+    where+    _destroyObject p =+        do e <- ask+           let trg = (operands e !! 0) </> p+           (bs, fs) <- lift $ tryOperation (getSymbolicLinkStatus trg)+           if bs /= mempty+               then return bs+               else if isSymbolicLink fs+                        then destroySymlink p+                        else if isDirectory fs+                                 then destroyDir p+                                 else return mempty++-- | 'destroySymlink' attempts to destroy a symbolic link given an+-- 'Environment' and a basename pathname @p@ yielding the 'Backstop'+-- result.++destroySymlink :: FilePath -> StateT DCS (ReaderT Environment IO) Backstop+destroySymlink p =+    do e <- ask+       if (length.operands) e < 2 then return mempty else _destroySymlink p+    where+    prt sym   = liftIO $ putStr ("rm -f " ++ "\"" ++ sym ++ "\"\n")+    abs d p f = (if isAbsolute f then id else (d</>).(p</>)) f+    rm e sym  = do when (trace e) $ prt sym+                   if noAction e+                       then return oneSymlink+                       else do (bs, _) <- lift $ tryOperation (removeFile sym)+                               return $ if bs /= mempty then bs else oneSymlink+    _destroySymlink p =+        do e <- ask+           let cwd    = pwd e+           let trg    = operands e !! 0+           let src    = operands e !! 1+           let sym    = trg </> p+           (bs, p) <- lift $ tryOperation (readSymbolicLink sym)+           if bs /= mempty+               then return bs+               else if not $ abs cwd trg p `subdirectory` abs cwd "" src+                        then return mempty+                        else rm e sym++-- | Given an 'Environment', remove an empty target directory @d@ if+-- and only if the corresonding directory path exists under the source+-- directory in which case the target directory is considered to have+-- been populated by the source directory yielding the 'Backstop'+-- result.++destroyDir :: FilePath -> StateT DCS (ReaderT Environment IO) Backstop+destroyDir p =+    do e <- ask+       if (length.operands) e < 2 || (not.populate) e then return mempty else _destroyDir p+    where+    prt dir = liftIO $ putStr ("rmdir \"" ++ dir ++"\"\n")+    _destroyDir p =+        do e <- ask+           let trg = (operands e !! 0) </> p+           let src = (operands e !! 1) </> p+           sDir   <- liftIO $ aDirectory src+           dcs    <- get+           if ((dcs == Empty) && not sDir) || (dcs == Occupied)+               then return mempty+               else do when (trace e) $ prt trg+                       if noAction e+                           then return oneDir+                           else do (bs, _) <- lift $ tryOperation (removeDirectory trg)+                                   if bs /= mempty+                                       then do { put Occupied; return bs }+                                       else do { put Emptied; return oneDir }+++-- Section 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------++-- | Given an 'Environment' and a pathname @p@,+-- 'listDirectoryContents' yields the sorted list @ps@ of directory+-- contents without the dot @(\".\")@ or double @(\"..\")@ directories+-- yielding the 'Backstop' result @bs@ in @(bs, ps)@.++listDirectoryContents :: FilePath -> ReaderT Environment IO (Backstop, [FilePath])+listDirectoryContents p =+    do directory <- liftIO $ aDirectory p+       if directory+           then do (bs, ps) <- tryOperation (sort . delete dotdot . delete dot <$> getDirectoryContents p)+                   return $ if bs /= mempty then (bs, []) else (mempty{breadth = length ps}, ps)+           else return (mempty, [])++-- | 'listDirectories' of @ps@ for further backstopping by '_backstop'.++listDirectories :: [FilePath] -> ReaderT Environment IO [FilePath]+listDirectories ps =+    let dir e p =+            let t = (operands e !! 0) </> p+                s = (operands e !! 1) </> p+            in do tDir <- aDirectory t+                  sDir <- aDirectory s+                  tObj <- anObject   t+                  return $ if deBackstop e then tDir+                           else if noAction e && populate e && not tObj+                                then sDir else tDir && sDir+    in do e <- ask+          if (length.operands) e < 2  then return [] else liftIO $ filterM (dir e) ps+++-- Section 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------++-- | Given an 'Environment', 'IO.try' the operation @IO a@ yielding+-- @(Backstop, a)@.++tryOperation :: IO a -> ReaderT Environment IO (Backstop, a)+tryOperation io =+    liftIO (try io) >>=+        either (\ioe -> putIOE ioe >> return (oneErr, error "N/A")) (\x -> return (mempty, x))++-- | Given an 'Environment', 'putIOE' prints an error message for+-- @ioe@ to STDERR.++putIOE :: IOError -> ReaderT Environment IO ()+putIOE ioe =+    do e <- ask+       let ln = ioeGetLocation ioe+       let fn = ioeGetFileName ioe+       let es = ioeGetErrorString ioe+       let s  = command e ++ ": " ++ ln ++ ": " ++ maybe es (++": "++es) fn+       liftIO $ hPutStrLn stderr s+++-- Section 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------++-- | Return the new 'Environment' given a pathname @p@ or the original+-- 'Environment' if done.++nextDepth :: FilePath -> Environment -> Environment+nextDepth p e =+    if (length.operands) e < 2+    then e+    else let t = operands e !! 0+             s = operands e !! 1+         in e{operands=[t </> p, s </> p]}+++-- | Return the next 'Environment' to process or the original+-- 'Environment' if done.++nextSource :: Environment -> Environment+nextSource e =+    if (length.operands) e < 2+    then e+    else e{operands=(head.operands) e : (tail.tail.operands) e}+++-- Section 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------++-- | Set 'calls' to one in 'mempty'.++oneCall    :: Backstop+oneCall    = mempty{calls = 1}++-- | Set 'depth' to one in 'mempty'.++oneDepth   :: Backstop+oneDepth   = mempty{depth = 1}++-- | Set 'symlinks' to one in 'mempty'.++oneSymlink :: Backstop+oneSymlink = mempty{symlinks = 1}++-- | Set 'dirs' to one in 'mempty'.++oneDir     :: Backstop+oneDir     = mempty{dirs = 1}++-- | Set 'errs' to one in 'mempty'.++oneErr     :: Backstop+oneErr     = mempty{errs = 1}
+ src/Environment.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@+module Environment (Environment(..),defaultEnv) where++-- Section: environment (to be configured)+{- |+The environment contains the command name, operands, and the result of+every option at least.  It may contain other items that need to be+updated.+-}+data Environment =+    Env { command     :: String   -- ^ Program name+        , pwd         :: String   -- ^ Present Working Directory (PWD)+        , operands    :: [String] -- ^ @trgdir@ @srcdir@ @[srcdir...]@+        , absolute    :: Bool     -- ^ @-a@, use absolute symbolic links+        , deBackstop  :: Bool     -- ^ @-d@, de-backstop trgdir+        , help        :: Bool     -- ^ @-h@, display help summary+        , license     :: Bool     -- ^ @-l@, display license terms+        , manual      :: Bool     -- ^ @-m@, display internal man page+        , noAction    :: Bool     -- ^ @-n@, take no action but trace steps+        , populate    :: Bool     -- ^ @-p@, populate trgdir with sub-directories+        , report      :: Bool     -- ^ @-r@, report final statistics+        , trace       :: Bool     -- ^ @-t@, trace steps+        , version     :: Bool     -- ^ @-v@, display version+        , synopsis    :: Bool     -- ^ @-y@, display manual synopsis+        } deriving Show++-- The default Environment+{- |+The defualt values, otherwise updated from the flags supplied on by+the command line options.  The default program name is @backstop@.+All options flags are False or off by default.+-}+defaultEnv :: Environment+defaultEnv =+    Env { command     = "backstop" -- Default program name+        , pwd         = ""         -- No PWD by default+        , operands    = []         -- No operands by default+        , absolute    = False      -- False or off by default+        , deBackstop  = False      -- False or off by default+        , help        = False      -- False or off by default+        , license     = False      -- False or off by default+        , manual      = False      -- False or off by default+        , noAction    = False      -- False or off by default+        , populate    = False      -- False or off by default+        , report      = False      -- False or off by default+        , trace       = False      -- False or off by default+        , synopsis    = False      -- False or off by default+        , version     = False      -- False or off by default+        }
+ src/License.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,691 @@+module License(putLicense) where++import System.Exit (exitWith)+import Utils (putOrPageStrLn)++-- | Display the license terms (GNU GPLv3).++putLicense :: IO ()+putLicense = putOrPageStrLn gpl30License >>= exitWith++-- | Derived from gpl-3.0.txt (GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE, Version 3,+-- 29 June 2007).++gpl30License :: String+gpl30License =+    "        License terms: GNU GPL version 3 or any later version\n"+++    "\n"+++    "                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\n"+++    "                       Version 3, 29 June 2007\n"+++    "\n"+++    " Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>\n"+++    " Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\n"+++    " of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "                            Preamble\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for\n"+++    "software and other kinds of works.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed\n"+++    "to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,\n"+++    "the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to\n"+++    "share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free\n"+++    "software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the\n"+++    "GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to\n"+++    "any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to\n"+++    "your programs, too.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not\n"+++    "price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you\n"+++    "have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for\n"+++    "them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you\n"+++    "want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new\n"+++    "free programs, and that you know you can do these things.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you\n"+++    "these rights or asking you to surrender the rights.  Therefore, you have\n"+++    "certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if\n"+++    "you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether\n"+++    "gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same\n"+++    "freedoms that you received.  You must make sure that they, too, receive\n"+++    "or can get the source code.  And you must show them these terms so they\n"+++    "know their rights.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:\n"+++    "(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License\n"+++    "giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains\n"+++    "that there is no warranty for this free software.  For both users' and\n"+++    "authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as\n"+++    "changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to\n"+++    "authors of previous versions.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run\n"+++    "modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer\n"+++    "can do so.  This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of\n"+++    "protecting users' freedom to change the software.  The systematic\n"+++    "pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to\n"+++    "use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable.  Therefore, we\n"+++    "have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those\n"+++    "products.  If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we\n"+++    "stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions\n"+++    "of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.\n"+++    "States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of\n"+++    "software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to\n"+++    "avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could\n"+++    "make it effectively proprietary.  To prevent this, the GPL assures that\n"+++    "patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\n"+++    "modification follow.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "                       TERMS AND CONDITIONS\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  0. Definitions.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  \"This License\" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  \"Copyright\" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of\n"+++    "works, such as semiconductor masks.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  \"The Program\" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this\n"+++    "License.  Each licensee is addressed as \"you\".  \"Licensees\" and\n"+++    "\"recipients\" may be individuals or organizations.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  To \"modify\" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work\n"+++    "in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an\n"+++    "exact copy.  The resulting work is called a \"modified version\" of the\n"+++    "earlier work or a work \"based on\" the earlier work.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  A \"covered work\" means either the unmodified Program or a work based\n"+++    "on the Program.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  To \"propagate\" a work means to do anything with it that, without\n"+++    "permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for\n"+++    "infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a\n"+++    "computer or modifying a private copy.  Propagation includes copying,\n"+++    "distribution (with or without modification), making available to the\n"+++    "public, and in some countries other activities as well.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  To \"convey\" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other\n"+++    "parties to make or receive copies.  Mere interaction with a user through\n"+++    "a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  An interactive user interface displays \"Appropriate Legal Notices\"\n"+++    "to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible\n"+++    "feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)\n"+++    "tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the\n"+++    "extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the\n"+++    "work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License.  If\n"+++    "the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a\n"+++    "menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  1. Source Code.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  The \"source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work\n"+++    "for making modifications to it.  \"Object code\" means any non-source\n"+++    "form of a work.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  A \"Standard Interface\" means an interface that either is an official\n"+++    "standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of\n"+++    "interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that\n"+++    "is widely used among developers working in that language.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  The \"System Libraries\" of an executable work include anything, other\n"+++    "than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of\n"+++    "packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major\n"+++    "Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that\n"+++    "Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an\n"+++    "implementation is available to the public in source code form.  A\n"+++    "\"Major Component\", in this context, means a major essential component\n"+++    "(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system\n"+++    "(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to\n"+++    "produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  The \"Corresponding Source\" for a work in object code form means all\n"+++    "the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable\n"+++    "work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to\n"+++    "control those activities.  However, it does not include the work's\n"+++    "System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free\n"+++    "programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but\n"+++    "which are not part of the work.  For example, Corresponding Source\n"+++    "includes interface definition files associated with source files for\n"+++    "the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically\n"+++    "linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,\n"+++    "such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those\n"+++    "subprograms and other parts of the work.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users\n"+++    "can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding\n"+++    "Source.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that\n"+++    "same work.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  2. Basic Permissions.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of\n"+++    "copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated\n"+++    "conditions are met.  This License explicitly affirms your unlimited\n"+++    "permission to run the unmodified Program.  The output from running a\n"+++    "covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its\n"+++    "content, constitutes a covered work.  This License acknowledges your\n"+++    "rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not\n"+++    "convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains\n"+++    "in force.  You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose\n"+++    "of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you\n"+++    "with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with\n"+++    "the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do\n"+++    "not control copyright.  Those thus making or running the covered works\n"+++    "for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction\n"+++    "and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of\n"+++    "your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under\n"+++    "the conditions stated below.  Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10\n"+++    "makes it unnecessary.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological\n"+++    "measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article\n"+++    "11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or\n"+++    "similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such\n"+++    "measures.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid\n"+++    "circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention\n"+++    "is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to\n"+++    "the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or\n"+++    "modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's\n"+++    "users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of\n"+++    "technological measures.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you\n"+++    "receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and\n"+++    "appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;\n"+++    "keep intact all notices stating that this License and any\n"+++    "non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;\n"+++    "keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all\n"+++    "recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,\n"+++    "and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to\n"+++    "produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the\n"+++    "terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\n"+++    "\n"+++    "    a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified\n"+++    "    it, and giving a relevant date.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "    b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is\n"+++    "    released under this License and any conditions added under section\n"+++    "    7.  This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to\n"+++    "    \"keep intact all notices\".\n"+++    "\n"+++    "    c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this\n"+++    "    License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy.  This\n"+++    "    License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7\n"+++    "    additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,\n"+++    "    regardless of how they are packaged.  This License gives no\n"+++    "    permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not\n"+++    "    invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "    d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display\n"+++    "    Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive\n"+++    "    interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your\n"+++    "    work need not make them do so.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent\n"+++    "works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,\n"+++    "and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,\n"+++    "in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an\n"+++    "\"aggregate\" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not\n"+++    "used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users\n"+++    "beyond what the individual works permit.  Inclusion of a covered work\n"+++    "in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other\n"+++    "parts of the aggregate.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms\n"+++    "of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the\n"+++    "machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,\n"+++    "in one of these ways:\n"+++    "\n"+++    "    a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product\n"+++    "    (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the\n"+++    "    Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium\n"+++    "    customarily used for software interchange.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "    b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product\n"+++    "    (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a\n"+++    "    written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as\n"+++    "    long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product\n"+++    "    model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a\n"+++    "    copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the\n"+++    "    product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical\n"+++    "    medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no\n"+++    "    more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this\n"+++    "    conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the\n"+++    "    Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "    c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the\n"+++    "    written offer to provide the Corresponding Source.  This\n"+++    "    alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and\n"+++    "    only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord\n"+++    "    with subsection 6b.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "    d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated\n"+++    "    place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the\n"+++    "    Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no\n"+++    "    further charge.  You need not require recipients to copy the\n"+++    "    Corresponding Source along with the object code.  If the place to\n"+++    "    copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source\n"+++    "    may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)\n"+++    "    that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain\n"+++    "    clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the\n"+++    "    Corresponding Source.  Regardless of what server hosts the\n"+++    "    Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is\n"+++    "    available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "    e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided\n"+++    "    you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding\n"+++    "    Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no\n"+++    "    charge under subsection 6d.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded\n"+++    "from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be\n"+++    "included in conveying the object code work.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  A \"User Product\" is either (1) a \"consumer product\", which means any\n"+++    "tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,\n"+++    "or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation\n"+++    "into a dwelling.  In determining whether a product is a consumer product,\n"+++    "doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage.  For a particular\n"+++    "product received by a particular user, \"normally used\" refers to a\n"+++    "typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status\n"+++    "of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user\n"+++    "actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product.  A product\n"+++    "is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial\n"+++    "commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent\n"+++    "the only significant mode of use of the product.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  \"Installation Information\" for a User Product means any methods,\n"+++    "procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install\n"+++    "and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from\n"+++    "a modified version of its Corresponding Source.  The information must\n"+++    "suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object\n"+++    "code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because\n"+++    "modification has been made.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or\n"+++    "specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as\n"+++    "part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the\n"+++    "User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a\n"+++    "fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the\n"+++    "Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied\n"+++    "by the Installation Information.  But this requirement does not apply\n"+++    "if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install\n"+++    "modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has\n"+++    "been installed in ROM).\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a\n"+++    "requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates\n"+++    "for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for\n"+++    "the User Product in which it has been modified or installed.  Access to a\n"+++    "network may be denied when the modification itself materially and\n"+++    "adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and\n"+++    "protocols for communication across the network.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,\n"+++    "in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly\n"+++    "documented (and with an implementation available to the public in\n"+++    "source code form), and must require no special password or key for\n"+++    "unpacking, reading or copying.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  7. Additional Terms.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  \"Additional permissions\" are terms that supplement the terms of this\n"+++    "License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.\n"+++    "Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall\n"+++    "be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent\n"+++    "that they are valid under applicable law.  If additional permissions\n"+++    "apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately\n"+++    "under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by\n"+++    "this License without regard to the additional permissions.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option\n"+++    "remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of\n"+++    "it.  (Additional permissions may be written to require their own\n"+++    "removal in certain cases when you modify the work.)  You may place\n"+++    "additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,\n"+++    "for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you\n"+++    "add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of\n"+++    "that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:\n"+++    "\n"+++    "    a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the\n"+++    "    terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or\n"+++    "\n"+++    "    b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or\n"+++    "    author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal\n"+++    "    Notices displayed by works containing it; or\n"+++    "\n"+++    "    c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or\n"+++    "    requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in\n"+++    "    reasonable ways as different from the original version; or\n"+++    "\n"+++    "    d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or\n"+++    "    authors of the material; or\n"+++    "\n"+++    "    e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some\n"+++    "    trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or\n"+++    "\n"+++    "    f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that\n"+++    "    material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of\n"+++    "    it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for\n"+++    "    any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on\n"+++    "    those licensors and authors.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  All other non-permissive additional terms are considered \"further\n"+++    "restrictions\" within the meaning of section 10.  If the Program as you\n"+++    "received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is\n"+++    "governed by this License along with a term that is a further\n"+++    "restriction, you may remove that term.  If a license document contains\n"+++    "a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this\n"+++    "License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms\n"+++    "of that license document, provided that the further restriction does\n"+++    "not survive such relicensing or conveying.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you\n"+++    "must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the\n"+++    "additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating\n"+++    "where to find the applicable terms.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the\n"+++    "form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;\n"+++    "the above requirements apply either way.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  8. Termination.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly\n"+++    "provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to propagate or\n"+++    "modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under\n"+++    "this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third\n"+++    "paragraph of section 11).\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your\n"+++    "license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)\n"+++    "provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and\n"+++    "finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright\n"+++    "holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means\n"+++    "prior to 60 days after the cessation.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is\n"+++    "reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the\n"+++    "violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have\n"+++    "received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that\n"+++    "copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after\n"+++    "your receipt of the notice.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the\n"+++    "licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under\n"+++    "this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently\n"+++    "reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same\n"+++    "material under section 10.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or\n"+++    "run a copy of the Program.  Ancillary propagation of a covered work\n"+++    "occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission\n"+++    "to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance.  However,\n"+++    "nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or\n"+++    "modify any covered work.  These actions infringe copyright if you do\n"+++    "not accept this License.  Therefore, by modifying or propagating a\n"+++    "covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically\n"+++    "receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and\n"+++    "propagate that work, subject to this License.  You are not responsible\n"+++    "for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  An \"entity transaction\" is a transaction transferring control of an\n"+++    "organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an\n"+++    "organization, or merging organizations.  If propagation of a covered\n"+++    "work results from an entity transaction, each party to that\n"+++    "transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever\n"+++    "licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could\n"+++    "give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the\n"+++    "Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if\n"+++    "the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the\n"+++    "rights granted or affirmed under this License.  For example, you may\n"+++    "not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of\n"+++    "rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation\n"+++    "(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that\n"+++    "any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for\n"+++    "sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  11. Patents.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  A \"contributor\" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this\n"+++    "License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based.  The\n"+++    "work thus licensed is called the contributor's \"contributor version\".\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  A contributor's \"essential patent claims\" are all patent claims\n"+++    "owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or\n"+++    "hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted\n"+++    "by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,\n"+++    "but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a\n"+++    "consequence of further modification of the contributor version.  For\n"+++    "purposes of this definition, \"control\" includes the right to grant\n"+++    "patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of\n"+++    "this License.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free\n"+++    "patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to\n"+++    "make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and\n"+++    "propagate the contents of its contributor version.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  In the following three paragraphs, a \"patent license\" is any express\n"+++    "agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent\n"+++    "(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to\n"+++    "sue for patent infringement).  To \"grant\" such a patent license to a\n"+++    "party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a\n"+++    "patent against the party.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,\n"+++    "and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone\n"+++    "to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a\n"+++    "publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,\n"+++    "then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so\n"+++    "available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the\n"+++    "patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner\n"+++    "consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent\n"+++    "license to downstream recipients.  \"Knowingly relying\" means you have\n"+++    "actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the\n"+++    "covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work\n"+++    "in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that\n"+++    "country that you have reason to believe are valid.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or\n"+++    "arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a\n"+++    "covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties\n"+++    "receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify\n"+++    "or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license\n"+++    "you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered\n"+++    "work and works based on it.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  A patent license is \"discriminatory\" if it does not include within\n"+++    "the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is\n"+++    "conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are\n"+++    "specifically granted under this License.  You may not convey a covered\n"+++    "work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is\n"+++    "in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment\n"+++    "to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying\n"+++    "the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the\n"+++    "parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory\n"+++    "patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work\n"+++    "conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily\n"+++    "for and in connection with specific products or compilations that\n"+++    "contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,\n"+++    "or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting\n"+++    "any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may\n"+++    "otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\n"+++    "otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\n"+++    "excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey a\n"+++    "covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\n"+++    "License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may\n"+++    "not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you\n"+++    "to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey\n"+++    "the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this\n"+++    "License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have\n"+++    "permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed\n"+++    "under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single\n"+++    "combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this\n"+++    "License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,\n"+++    "but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,\n"+++    "section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the\n"+++    "combination as such.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  14. Revised Versions of this License.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of\n"+++    "the GNU General Public License from time to time.  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If the Program does not specify a version number of the\n"+++    "GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published\n"+++    "by the Free Software Foundation.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future\n"+++    "versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's\n"+++    "public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you\n"+++    "to choose that version for the Program.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  Later license versions may give you additional or different\n"+++    "permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any\n"+++    "author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a\n"+++    "later version.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY\n"+++    "APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT\n"+++    "HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY\n"+++    "OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,\n"+++    "THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\n"+++    "PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM\n"+++    "IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF\n"+++    "ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  16. Limitation of Liability.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING\n"+++    "WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS\n"+++    "THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY\n"+++    "GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE\n"+++    "USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF\n"+++    "DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD\n"+++    "PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),\n"+++    "EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF\n"+++    "SUCH DAMAGES.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided\n"+++    "above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,\n"+++    "reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates\n"+++    "an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the\n"+++    "Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a\n"+++    "copy of the Program in return for a fee.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\n"+++    "\n"+++    "            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest\n"+++    "possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it\n"+++    "free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest\n"+++    "to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\n"+++    "state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least\n"+++    "the \"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\n"+++    "    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>\n"+++    "\n"+++    "    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify\n"+++    "    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by\n"+++    "    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or\n"+++    "    (at your option) any later version.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n"+++    "    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n"+++    "    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the\n"+++    "    GNU General Public License for more details.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License\n"+++    "    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short\n"+++    "notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:\n"+++    "\n"+++    "    <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>\n"+++    "    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.\n"+++    "    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it\n"+++    "    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate\n"+++    "parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands\n"+++    "might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an \"about box\".\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,\n"+++    "if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the program, if necessary.\n"+++    "For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see\n"+++    "<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program\n"+++    "into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you\n"+++    "may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with\n"+++    "the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General\n"+++    "Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read\n"+++    "<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.\n"
+ src/Main.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@++{- |+> backstop(1)                 User Commands                  backstop(1)+> +> NAME+>    backstop - Backstop a target directory by source directories+> +> SYNOPSIS+>    backstop [-nprt] [-a|-d] trgdir srcdir [srcdir ...]+>    backstop -h+>    backstop -l+>    backstop -m+>    backstop -v+>    backstop -y+> +> AVAILABILITY+>    Marcus D. Gabriel (c)1999-2017.  All rights reserved.+> +>    marcus@gabriel.name+> +>    License terms: GNU GPL version 3 or later (backstop -l)+> +> DESCRIPTION+>    Backstop a target directory by source directories thereby+>    creating a backing chain using relative symbolic links by default+>    or absolute symbolic links by option.  If more than one source+>    directory is given, backstop the target directory with each+>    source directory in turn starting from left to right on the+>    command line.+> +>    Intuitively, backstop fills in the missing objects or holes that+>    exist in the target directory relative to the source directories+>    thereby creating a merged view of the target and source+>    directories.+> +>    De-backstop a target directory by its source directories.  In+>    this case, the source directories no longer need to exist.  If+>    more than one source directory is given, de-backstop the target+>    directory by the source directories.+> +>    Symbolic links are never followed.  However, the target and+>    source directories are canonicalized (realpath(3)) internally by+>    the command backstop before backstopping and de-backstoppoing.+> +>    By default no output is displayed except possibly to STDERR.+> +> ALGORITHM+>    There must be at least two arguments or operands.  The first+>    operand is the target directory, and the second operand and+>    beyond are source directories.  The target and source directory+>    must be parallel directories, that is, neither canonicalized+>    (realpath(3)) directory path may be a sub-directory of the other.+>    If the above is not true, a usage error occurs.+> +>    Nevertheless, pathnames are internally in reduced form such that+>    symbolic link names are treated literally when finding directory+>    names.  See "cd -L" of ksh(1).  In other words, components in the+>    pathname that are not directories but symbolic links to+>    directories are not resolved to their corresponding directories.+> +>    A list of objects or names is collected under the root of the+>    source directory excluding the directory dot (.) and the+>    directory double-dot (..).  If the list is empty, the algorithm+>    is done, otherwise the objects divide into two classes, objects+>    that are not directories and objects that are directories.  There+>    are five possibilities:+> +>    1. The object is either dot (.) or double-dot (..) whereupon no+>       action is taken.+> +>    2. If an object of the same name as the name of the object under+>       the root of the source directory does not exists under the+>       root of the target directory, then a symbolic link, relative+>       or absolute as required, is created under the root of the+>       target directory to the object under the root of the source+>       directory.  If populating (-p) and the object under the root+>       of the source directory is a directory, then a sub-directory+>       is created instead.+> +>    3. If an object of the same name as the name of the object under+>       the root of the source directory does exists under the root of+>       the target directory and is a file, no action is taken,+>       regardless of whether or not the object under the root of the+>       source directory is a file or a directory.+> +>    4. If an object of the same name as the name of the object under+>       the root of the source directory does exists under the root of+>       the target directory and is a directory, and if the object of+>       the same name under the root of the source directory is a+>       file, no action is taken.+> +>    5. If an object of the same name as the name of the object under+>       the root of the source directory does exists under the root of+>       the target directory and is a directory, and if the object of+>       the same name under the root of the source directory is also a+>       directory, then recursion occurs with the objects of the same+>       name under the roots of the target and source directories as+>       new root target and source directories, respectively.+> +>    When de-backstopping a target directory by source directories,+>    the sources no longer need to exist.  Symbolic links under the+>    target are removed if and only if they point to a pahtname under+>    one of the source directories.  This can be determined even if+>    the source directory no longer exists because symbolic links+>    within directory pathnames are taken literally.  See "cd -L" of+>    ksh(1).+> +>    When de-populating while de-backstopping (-pd), a directory is+>    removed if all objects within the directory are symbolic links+>    that have been remove while de-backstopping.  An empty directory+>    is removed if and only if there exists a corresponding directory+>    path under one of the source directories as under the target+>    directory.  This can only be determined if the source directory+>    and correponding sub-directory still exist.  If not, then no+>    action is taken.+> +> OPTIONS+>    The following options are supported:+> +>    -a Create symbolic links which are absolute paths.+> +>    -d De-backstop the target directory by its source directories.+>       The -a option has no affect on the -d option.+> +>    -h Display a short command summary.+> +>    -l Display the backstop license terms.+> +>    -m Display this internal manual page.+> +>    -n Take no action but trace possible program execution.  The -n+>       option implies the -t option.+> +>    -p Populate the target by making equivalent sub-directories of+>       the source sub-directories instead of symbolic links for these+>       sub-directories that point back into the sources.  For+>       example, if the target directory is empty, then for a set of+>       source directories, from left to right on the command line,+>       this creates a combined directory structure of the sources+>       under the target directory in which all non-directories are+>       symbolic links pointing back into the source directories.+>       This is similar to the lndir(1) command of the X consortium.+> +>       With the -d option, all sub-directories emptied of symbolic+>       links under the target directory are removed, and all empty+>       directories are removed if and only if the correspoding+>       sub-directory under the source directory exists.+> +>    -r Report the number of symbolic links and directories created,+>       the number of calls and maximum depth of backstop, the+>       maximum breadth observed by backstop, and the number of non-+>       fatal errors encountered.  With the -d option, show the+>       number of symbolic links and directories removed.+> +>    -t Show the trace of program execution.  The output is a list+>       of executable commands.+> +>    -v The version of backstop.+> +>    -y A synopsis of the internal manual page.+> +> OPERANDS+>    trgdir+>       The directory that will be backed by other directories.  The+>       target directory can be backed by multiple source directories+>       where each source directory could be backed by yet another+>       directory or multiple directories thereby creating an+>       extensible backing chain.+> +>    srcdir+>       The directory which backs a target directory.  The source+>       directory can be backed by multiple additional directories+>       where each additional directory could be backed by yet another+>       directory or multiple directories thereby creating an+>       extensible backing chain.+> +> USAGE NOTES+>    Evolved with ghc 6.10, 6.12, 7.0, 7.4, 7.10, 8.0.2, and 8.4.1.+>    Tested with 8.4.1.+> +> EXAMPLES+>    To display a summary of usage, use+> +>       backstop -h+> +>    To display a synopsis of this internal manual page, use+> +>       backstop -y+> +>    To display this internal manual page, use+> +>       backstop -m+> +>    To trace program execution, use+> +>       backstop -t /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules \+>                   /export/install/sparc/modules+> +>    To trace program execution taking no action, use+> +>       backstop -n /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules \+>                   /export/install/sparc/modules+> +>    To back /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules with+>    /export/install/sparc/modules using relative symbolic links, use+> +>       backstop /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules \+>                /export/install/sparc/modules+> +>    To back /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules with+>    /export/install/sparc/modules using absolute symbolic links, use+> +>       backstop -a /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules \+>                   /export/install/sparc/modules+> +>    To stop backing /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules with+>    /export/install/sparc/modules, use+> +>       backstop -d /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules \+>                   /export/install/sparc/modules+> +> ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES+>    PAGER   Page the internal manual page or license terms+>            using "${PAGER}", otherwise print it.+> +> EXIT STATUS+>    An exit status of 0 is returned if successful, otherwise non-zero+>    is returned.  The following error exit codes are used by+>    backstop:+> +>        EXIT CODE    MEANING+>           251       Less than two operands.+>           252       Not a directory, that is, trgdir or one or more+>                     of the srcdir are not a directory.+>           253       Not parallel directories, that is, a srcdir is+>                     a sub-directory of trgdir or vice versa, or one+>                     of the srcdir is a sub-directory of another+>                     srcdir.+>           254       Not yet implemented.+>           255       Non-fatal errors occurred.  Error messages are+>                     sent to STDERR for each non-fatal error that+>                     occurred with return code equal to the number of+>                     non-falal errors if less than 251, otherwise the+>                     return code is 255, that is, "infinity".+> +> FILES+>    N/A.+> +> SEE ALSO+>    ln(1), mkdir(1), rm(1), rmdir(1), ksh(1), lndir(1), realpath(3)+> +>    "Source Control to Project Control: Applying RCS and SCCS" by Don+>    Bolinger and Tan Bronson. ISBN 1-56592-117-8.+> +> NOTES+>    Please send bug reports to marcus@gabriel.name.+> +> BUGS+>    No known bugs to date.+-}++module Main(main) where+++-- Section: imports+import Backstop (backstop)+import Control.Exception (try,IOException(..))+import Control.Monad (when,unless,filterM)+import Data.List (intercalate)+import Environment (Environment(..),defaultEnv)+import License (putLicense)+import Manual (putManual)+import System.Console.GetOpt (ArgDescr(..),OptDescr(..),ArgOrder(..),usageInfo,getOpt)+import System.Directory (getCurrentDirectory,canonicalizePath)+import System.Environment (getEnvironment,getProgName,getArgs)+import System.Exit (exitSuccess,exitWith,ExitCode(..))+import System.FilePath (takeFileName)+import System.IO (stderr,stdout,hPutStrLn,Handle(..))+import Utils (reduceFilePath,pairs,subdirectories,aDirectory)++-- Section: main: No need to change this section.+{- | Backstop a target directory by source directories.  Refer to+'backstop'@ -h@, 'backstop'@ -y@, or 'backstop'@ -m@ for more information.+-}+main :: IO ()+main =+  do cmdLine  <- getArgs+     progName <- getProgName+     case getOpt (argOrder config) options cmdLine of+       (opts, args, []) -> runCmd $ foldl updateEnvField env opts+           where env = defaultEnv{command=takeFileName progName,operands=args}+       (_, _, errs) -> error $ concat errs ++ usageInfo (header progName) options+++-- Section: summary, help, version: No need to change this section.+{- |+Given the programe name, returns the program name and the release+version.+-}+versionHeader :: String -> String+versionHeader progName = takeFileName progName ++ " release " ++ release config++{- |+Given the program name, returns a synopis of options.+-}+header :: String -> String+header progName = versionHeader (takeFileName progName) +++                  "\nusage: " ++ takeFileName progName ++ flagsOps config++{- |+Puts the program name and its version.+-}+putVersion :: IO ()+putVersion = do progName <- getProgName+                putStrLn (versionHeader progName)+                exitSuccess++{- |+Puts the program name and the synopsis of options to handle (stdout or+stderr) with the supplied the exit code.+-}+putSynopsis :: Handle -> String -> ExitCode -> IO ()+putSynopsis h s e = do progName <- getProgName+                       hPutStrLn h (takeFileName progName ++ ": " ++ s ++ header progName)+                       exitWith e++{- |+Puts the program name and a short summary.+-}+putSummary :: IO ()+putSummary = do progName <- getProgName+                putStrLn (usageInfo (header progName) options)+                exitSuccess+++-- Section: configuration (to be configured)+{- |+Configuration information is initial, constant information, that is,+not needing updates.+-}+data Configuration =+    Config {+            argOrder       :: ArgOrder Flag,+            release        :: String,+            flagsOps       :: String+           }++{- |+To be configured once with the versions number and synopsis.  Other+items may of course be added to the configuration as needed.+-}+config :: Configuration+config =+    Config {+            argOrder       = RequireOrder,+            -- Update revision number: toggle case+            release        = "1.3.0.352",+            flagsOps       = " {-{h|l|m|v|y}|[-nprt] [-a|-d] trgdir srcdir [srcdir...]}"+           }+    where+    revision =+        let num = flip elem ['0'..'9']+        in  reverse.dropWhile (not.num).reverse.dropWhile (not.num)+++-- Section: options (to be configured)+{- |+Flags set as a function of the command line options supplied.+-}+data Flag = Absolute | DeBackstop | Help | License |+            Manual | NoAction | Populate | Report | Trace |+            Synopsis | Version++{- |+Options that can be given on the command line.+-}+options :: [OptDescr Flag]+options =+    [+     Option "a" ["absolute"]    (NoArg Absolute)   "Make absolute symbolic links",+     Option "d" ["de-backstop"] (NoArg DeBackstop) "De-backstop target given sources",+     Option "h" ["help"]        (NoArg Help)       "Help summary",+     Option "l" ["license"]     (NoArg License)    "License terms",+     Option "m" ["manual"]      (NoArg Manual)     "Manual page",+     Option "n" ["no-action"]   (NoArg NoAction)   "No-action trace",+     Option "p" ["populate"]    (NoArg Populate)   "Populate by making sub-directories",+     Option "r" ["report"]      (NoArg Report)     "Report final statistics",+     Option "t" ["trace"]       (NoArg Trace)      "Trace program execution",+     Option "v" ["version"]     (NoArg Version)    "Version of backstop",+     Option "y" ["synopsis"]    (NoArg Synopsis)   "Help synopsis"+    ]+++-- Section: updating a field in the environment (to be configured)+{- |+Every option, and only an option, must be able to be updated here.+-}+updateEnvField :: Environment -> Flag -> Environment+updateEnvField env opt =+    case opt of+      Absolute   -> env{absolute    = True}+      DeBackstop -> env{deBackstop  = True}+      Help       -> env{help        = True}+      License    -> env{license     = True}+      Manual     -> env{manual      = True}+      NoAction   -> env{noAction    = True}+      Populate   -> env{populate    = True}+      Report     -> env{report      = True}+      Trace      -> env{trace       = True}+      Synopsis   -> env{synopsis    = True}+      Version    -> env{version     = True}+--    _          -> error (command env ++ ": updateEnvField: unknown error")+++-- Section: running the command given the environment (to be configured)+{- |++No need to change the function runCmd.++Update the environment with updateEnv, verify the environment with+verifyEnv, resolve option conflicts with resolveEnv, and run the+command given the environemnt with runWith which does the actual work+where the thre reall usually imported from a module.+-}+runCmd :: Environment -> IO ()+runCmd env+    | synopsis env = putSynopsis stdout "\r" ExitSuccess+    | help    env  = putSummary+    | version env  = putVersion+    | manual  env  = putManual+    | license env  = putLicense+    | otherwise    =+      do env_ <- updateEnv env+         verifyEnv env_+         runWith (resolveEnv env_)++{- |+'updateEnv' updates the environment ('Environment') from the universe,+the external environment.+-}+updateEnv :: Environment -> IO Environment+updateEnv env = do cd <- getCurrentDirectory+                   es <- getEnvironment+                   os <- mapM canonicalizePath (operands env)+                   let pd = lookup "PWD" es+                       e' = maybe env{pwd = cd} (\pd -> env{pwd = pd}) pd+                   return e'{operands = os}++{- |+'verifyEnv' verifies the environment created from the command line+options and the supplied operands.+-}+verifyEnv :: Environment -> IO ()+verifyEnv env = verify1 env >> verify2 env >> verify3 env+  where+    verify1 env =+        when (length (operands env) < 2) $+             putSynopsis stderr "less than two operands\n" (ExitFailure 251)+    verify2 env =+        do let ops = if deBackstop env then [(head.operands) env] else operands env+           ps <- filterM (fmap not . aDirectory) ops+           let errMsg s = putSynopsis stderr (s++(unwords ps++"\n")) (ExitFailure 252)+           unless (null ps) $+               errMsg $ if length ps == 1 then "not a directory: " else "not directories: "+    verify3 env =+        do ds <- mapM canonicalizePath (operands env)+           let ps     = filter (uncurry subdirectories) $ pairs ds+           let errMsg = intercalate "\n    " $ map (\ (x,y) -> "("++x++","++y++")") ps+           unless (null ps) $+               putSynopsis stderr ("not parallel directories:\n    "++errMsg++"\n") (ExitFailure 253)++{- |+'resolveEnv' resolves the environment created from the command line+options and the supplied operands, e.g., if an option over-rides+another, 'resolveEnv' takes this into account.+-}+resolveEnv :: Environment -> Environment+-- Order is important, so please do not change it without study+resolveEnv = resolveEnv2 . resolveEnv1+    where+      -- The -n option implies -t+      resolveEnv1 env =+          if noAction env+          then env{trace = True}+          else env+      -- Reduce directories, that is, ksh(1) canonical form+      resolveEnv2 env = env{operands = map reduceFilePath (operands env)}++{- |+'runWith' this environment.  'runWith' is the interface between the command+line options plus operands and the real work. 'runWith' is 'backstop'.+-}+runWith :: Environment -> IO ()+runWith = backstop
+ src/Manual.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@+module Manual(putManual) where++import System.Exit (exitWith)+import Utils (putOrPageStrLn)++-- | Display the internal manual.++putManual :: IO ()+putManual = putOrPageStrLn internalManual >>= exitWith++-- | Internal manual.  The definitive source of the internal manual is+-- the description section of the module Main.++internalManual :: String+internalManual =+    "backstop(1)                 User Commands                  backstop(1)\n"+++    "\n"+++    "NAME\n"+++    "   backstop - Backstop a target directory by source directories\n"+++    "\n"+++    "SYNOPSIS\n"+++    "   backstop [-nprt] [-a|-d] trgdir srcdir [srcdir ...]\n"+++    "   backstop -h\n"+++    "   backstop -l\n"+++    "   backstop -m\n"+++    "   backstop -v\n"+++    "   backstop -y\n"+++    "\n"+++    "AVAILABILITY\n"+++    "   Marcus D. Gabriel (c)1999-2017.  All rights reserved.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   marcus@gabriel.name\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   License terms: GNU GPL version 3 or later (backstop -l)\n"+++    "\n"+++    "DESCRIPTION\n"+++    "   Backstop a target directory by source directories thereby\n"+++    "   creating a backing chain using relative symbolic links by default\n"+++    "   or absolute symbolic links by option.  If more than one source\n"+++    "   directory is given, backstop the target directory with each\n"+++    "   source directory in turn starting from left to right on the\n"+++    "   command line.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   Intuitively, backstop fills in the missing objects or holes that\n"+++    "   exist in the target directory relative to the source directories\n"+++    "   thereby creating a merged view of the target and source\n"+++    "   directories.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   De-backstop a target directory by its source directories.  In\n"+++    "   this case, the source directories no longer need to exist.  If\n"+++    "   more than one source directory is given, de-backstop the target\n"+++    "   directory by the source directories.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   Symbolic links are never followed.  However, the target and\n"+++    "   source directories are canonicalized (realpath(3)) internally by\n"+++    "   the command backstop before backstopping and de-backstoppoing.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   By default no output is displayed except possibly to STDERR.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "ALGORITHM\n"+++    "   There must be at least two arguments or operands.  The first\n"+++    "   operand is the target directory, and the second operand and\n"+++    "   beyond are source directories.  The target and source directory\n"+++    "   must be parallel directories, that is, neither canonicalized\n"+++    "   (realpath(3)) directory path may be a sub-directory of the other.\n"+++    "   If the above is not true, a usage error occurs.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   Nevertheless, pathnames are internally in reduced form such that\n"+++    "   symbolic link names are treated literally when finding directory\n"+++    "   names.  See \"cd -L\" of ksh(1).  In other words, components in the\n"+++    "   pathname that are not directories but symbolic links to\n"+++    "   directories are not resolved to their corresponding directories.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   A list of objects or names is collected under the root of the\n"+++    "   source directory excluding the directory dot (.) and the\n"+++    "   directory double-dot (..).  If the list is empty, the algorithm\n"+++    "   is done, otherwise the objects divide into two classes, objects\n"+++    "   that are not directories and objects that are directories.  There\n"+++    "   are five possibilities:\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   1. The object is either dot (.) or double-dot (..) whereupon no\n"+++    "      action is taken.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   2. If an object of the same name as the name of the object under\n"+++    "      the root of the source directory does not exists under the\n"+++    "      root of the target directory, then a symbolic link, relative\n"+++    "      or absolute as required, is created under the root of the\n"+++    "      target directory to the object under the root of the source\n"+++    "      directory.  If populating (-p) and the object under the root\n"+++    "      of the source directory is a directory, then a sub-directory\n"+++    "      is created instead.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   3. If an object of the same name as the name of the object under\n"+++    "      the root of the source directory does exists under the root of\n"+++    "      the target directory and is a file, no action is taken,\n"+++    "      regardless of whether or not the object under the root of the\n"+++    "      source directory is a file or a directory.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   4. If an object of the same name as the name of the object under\n"+++    "      the root of the source directory does exists under the root of\n"+++    "      the target directory and is a directory, and if the object of\n"+++    "      the same name under the root of the source directory is a\n"+++    "      file, no action is taken.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   5. If an object of the same name as the name of the object under\n"+++    "      the root of the source directory does exists under the root of\n"+++    "      the target directory and is a directory, and if the object of\n"+++    "      the same name under the root of the source directory is also a\n"+++    "      directory, then recursion occurs with the objects of the same\n"+++    "      name under the roots of the target and source directories as\n"+++    "      new root target and source directories, respectively.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   When de-backstopping a target directory by source directories,\n"+++    "   the sources no longer need to exist.  Symbolic links under the\n"+++    "   target are removed if and only if they point to a pahtname under\n"+++    "   one of the source directories.  This can be determined even if\n"+++    "   the source directory no longer exists because symbolic links\n"+++    "   within directory pathnames are taken literally.  See \"cd -L\" of\n"+++    "   ksh(1).\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   When de-populating while de-backstopping (-pd), a directory is\n"+++    "   removed if all objects within the directory are symbolic links\n"+++    "   that have been remove while de-backstopping.  An empty directory\n"+++    "   is removed if and only if there exists a corresponding directory\n"+++    "   path under one of the source directories as under the target\n"+++    "   directory.  This can only be determined if the source directory\n"+++    "   and correponding sub-directory still exist.  If not, then no\n"+++    "   action is taken.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "OPTIONS\n"+++    "   The following options are supported:\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   -a Create symbolic links which are absolute paths.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   -d De-backstop the target directory by its source directories.\n"+++    "      The -a option has no affect on the -d option.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   -h Display a short command summary.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   -l Display the backstop license terms.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   -m Display this internal manual page.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   -n Take no action but trace possible program execution.  The -n\n"+++    "      option implies the -t option.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   -p Populate the target by making equivalent sub-directories of\n"+++    "      the source sub-directories instead of symbolic links for these\n"+++    "      sub-directories that point back into the sources.  For\n"+++    "      example, if the target directory is empty, then for a set of\n"+++    "      source directories, from left to right on the command line,\n"+++    "      this creates a combined directory structure of the sources\n"+++    "      under the target directory in which all non-directories are\n"+++    "      symbolic links pointing back into the source directories.\n"+++    "      This is similar to the lndir(1) command of the X consortium.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "      With the -d option, all sub-directories emptied of symbolic\n"+++    "      links under the target directory are removed, and all empty\n"+++    "      directories are removed if and only if the correspoding\n"+++    "      sub-directory under the source directory exists.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   -r Report the number of symbolic links and directories created,\n"+++    "      the number of calls and maximum depth of backstop, the\n"+++    "      maximum breadth observed by backstop, and the number of non-\n"+++    "      fatal errors encountered.  With the -d option, show the\n"+++    "      number of symbolic links and directories removed.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   -t Show the trace of program execution.  The output is a list\n"+++    "      of executable commands.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   -v The version of backstop.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   -y A synopsis of the internal manual page.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "OPERANDS\n"+++    "   trgdir\n"+++    "      The directory that will be backed by other directories.  The\n"+++    "      target directory can be backed by multiple source directories\n"+++    "      where each source directory could be backed by yet another\n"+++    "      directory or multiple directories thereby creating an\n"+++    "      extensible backing chain.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   srcdir\n"+++    "      The directory which backs a target directory.  The source\n"+++    "      directory can be backed by multiple additional directories\n"+++    "      where each additional directory could be backed by yet another\n"+++    "      directory or multiple directories thereby creating an\n"+++    "      extensible backing chain.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "USAGE NOTES\n"+++    "   Evolved with ghc 6.10, 6.12, 7.0, 7.4, 7.10, 8.0.2, and 8.4.1.\n"+++    "   Tested with 8.4.1.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "EXAMPLES\n"+++    "   To display a summary of usage, use\n"+++    "\n"+++    "      backstop -h\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   To display a synopsis of this internal manual page, use\n"+++    "\n"+++    "      backstop -y\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   To display this internal manual page, use\n"+++    "\n"+++    "      backstop -m\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   To trace program execution, use\n"+++    "\n"+++    "      backstop -t /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules \\\n"+++    "                  /export/install/sparc/modules\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   To trace program execution taking no action, use\n"+++    "\n"+++    "      backstop -n /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules \\\n"+++    "                  /export/install/sparc/modules\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   To back /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules with\n"+++    "   /export/install/sparc/modules using relative symbolic links, use\n"+++    "\n"+++    "      backstop /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules \\\n"+++    "               /export/install/sparc/modules\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   To back /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules with\n"+++    "   /export/install/sparc/modules using absolute symbolic links, use\n"+++    "\n"+++    "      backstop -a /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules \\\n"+++    "                  /export/install/sparc/modules\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   To stop backing /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules with\n"+++    "   /export/install/sparc/modules, use\n"+++    "\n"+++    "      backstop -d /export/install/sparc/devlopment/modules \\\n"+++    "                  /export/install/sparc/modules\n"+++    "\n"+++    "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\n"+++    "   PAGER   Page the internal manual page or license terms\n"+++    "           using \"${PAGER}\", otherwise print it.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "EXIT STATUS\n"+++    "   An exit status of 0 is returned if successful, otherwise non-zero\n"+++    "   is returned.  The following error exit codes are used by\n"+++    "   backstop:\n"+++    "\n"+++    "       EXIT CODE    MEANING\n"+++    "          251       Less than two operands.\n"+++    "          252       Not a directory, that is, trgdir or one or more\n"+++    "                    of the srcdir are not a directory.\n"+++    "          253       Not parallel directories, that is, a srcdir is\n"+++    "                    a sub-directory of trgdir or vice versa, or one\n"+++    "                    of the srcdir is a sub-directory of another\n"+++    "                    srcdir.\n"+++    "          254       Not yet implemented.\n"+++    "          255       Non-fatal errors occurred.  Error messages are\n"+++    "                    sent to STDERR for each non-fatal error that\n"+++    "                    occurred with return code equal to the number of\n"+++    "                    non-falal errors if less than 251, otherwise the\n"+++    "                    return code is 255, that is, \"infinity\".\n"+++    "\n"+++    "FILES\n"+++    "   N/A.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "SEE ALSO\n"+++    "   ln(1), mkdir(1), rm(1), rmdir(1), ksh(1), lndir(1), realpath(3)\n"+++    "\n"+++    "   \"Source Control to Project Control: Applying RCS and SCCS\" by Don\n"+++    "   Bolinger and Tan Bronson. ISBN 1-56592-117-8.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "NOTES\n"+++    "   Please send bug reports to marcus@gabriel.name.\n"+++    "\n"+++    "BUGS\n"+++    "   No known bugs to date.\n"
+ src/Utils.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@+module Utils (pairs+             , unpairs+             , root+             , dot+             , dotdot+             , reduceFilePath+             , absoluteLink+             , relativeLink+             , compElems+             , subdirectories+             , subdirectory+             , aDirectory+             , aSymbolicLink+             , anObject+             , putOrPageStrLn+             )+where++import Control.Exception  (IOException, try)+import Control.Monad      (unless)+import Data.List          (nub,intersect,isPrefixOf,tails,foldl')+import Data.Maybe         (fromJust,isNothing)+import System.Environment (getEnvironment)+import System.Exit        (ExitCode(..))+import System.FilePath    (pathSeparator,joinPath,(</>),isAbsolute,splitDirectories)+import System.IO          (hClose,hFlush,hPutStr)+import System.Posix.Files (getSymbolicLinkStatus,isSymbolicLink,isDirectory)+import System.Process     (waitForProcess,createProcess,shell,StdStream(..),CreateProcess(..))+++-- Section 0: exported items---------------------------------------------------------++-- | 'root' = @[pathSeparator]@+root   :: FilePath+root    = [pathSeparator]++-- | 'dot' = \".\"+dot    :: FilePath+dot     = "."++-- | 'dotdot' = \"..\"+dotdot :: FilePath+dotdot  = ".."++-- | Given a list @[a]@, 'pairs' returns the list of all pairs+-- @[(a,a)]@ of @[a]@ progressing from the head to tail of @[a]@.  For+-- example,+-- +-- > pairs [x1,x2,x3,x4]+-- > == [(x1,x2),(x1,x3),(x1,x4),(x2,x3),(x2,x4),(x3,x4)]+--+-- Note that+--+-- > pairs []     == []+-- > pairs (x:[]) == []++pairs :: [a] -> [(a,a)]+pairs []     = []+pairs [x]    = []+pairs xs     =+    let pair_ x0 = map (\x1 -> (x0,x1))+        xss = init $ init $ tails xs+    in concatMap (\xs -> pair_ (head xs) (tail xs)) xss++-- | For @length l /= 1@,+-- +-- > (unpairs . pairs) l == l+-- +-- is @True@.+--+-- > Number of elements    Number of pairs+-- > ------------------    ---------------+-- >                  0 => 0+-- >                  1 => 0+-- >                  2 => 1+-- >                  3 => 3+-- >                  4 => 6+-- >                  5 => 10+-- >                  e => p = e(e-1)/2, e >= 0++unpairs :: Eq a => [(a,a)] -> [a]+unpairs ps+    | null ps   = []+    | otherwise = fst (head ps) : foldr ((:).snd) [] (take (elements 0 (length ps) - 1) ps)+    where+    elements e p = if p == e*(e-1) `div` 2 then e else elements (e+1) p++-- | 'reduceFilePath' returns a pathname that is reduced to canonical+-- form equivalent to that of ksh(1), that is, symbolic link names are+-- treated literally when finding the directory name.  See @cd -L@ of+-- ksh(1).  Specifically, extraneous separators @(\"/\")@, dot+-- @(\".\")@, and double-dot @(\"..\")@ directories are removed.++reduceFilePath :: FilePath -> FilePath+reduceFilePath = joinPath . filePathComponents++-- | Given a pathname @wd@ representing a workng directory and two+-- pathnames @p1@ and @p2@, 'absoluteLink' returns the reduced+-- ('reduceFilePath') and absolute path to @p2@ to which @p1@ could point+-- as a symbolic link.+-- +-- If @wd@ is not an absolute path, it is assumed to be a relative+-- path that is relative to the root directory of the file system tree+-- and is made an absolute path.++absoluteLink :: FilePath -> FilePath -> FilePath -> FilePath+absoluteLink wd _ = reduceFilePath . ((pathSeparator:wd)</>)++-- | Given a pathname @wd@ representing a workng directory and two+-- pathnames @p1@ and @p2@, 'relativeLink' returns the reduced+-- ('reduceFilePath') and relative path from @p1@ to @p2@ to which+-- @p1@ could point as a symbolic link.  Thus, @p1@ must not be the+-- root @(\"/\")@, dot @(\".\")@, nor double-dot @(\"..\")@+-- directories but of the form @\"\/SomePath\/SymLink\"@+-- +-- If @wd@ is not an absolute path, it is assumed to be a relative+-- path that is relative to the root directory of the file system tree+-- and is made an absolute path.++relativeLink :: FilePath -> FilePath -> FilePath -> FilePath+relativeLink wd p1 p2 =+    let wd_           = pathSeparator:wd+        ab p          = if isAbsolute p then p else wd_ </> p+        (_, p1_, p2_) = decomposeFilePaths (ab p1) (ab p2)+        p1_s          = map (const dotdot) $ splitDirectories p1_+        p1__          = (joinPath . (if null p1_s then id else tail)) p1_s+        p             = p1__ </> p2_+    in if null p then dot else p++-- | 'compElems' compares elements of two lists and returns the list of+-- elements that are in both lists, unique to the first list, and+-- uniqued to the second list.  Duplicates are 'nub'ed.++compElems :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> ([a], [a], [a])+compElems [] l2 = ([], [], nub l2)+compElems l1 [] = ([], nub l1, [])+compElems l1 l2 =+    let l1_     = nub l1+        l2_     = nub l2+        same    = intersect l1_ l2_+        unique1 = filter (`notElem` same) l1_+        unique2 = filter (`notElem` same) l2_+    in (same, unique1, unique2)++-- | 'subdirectories' returns true if either the absolute pathname+-- @p1@ or the absolute pathname @p2@ is a sub-directory or sub-path+-- of the other.++subdirectories :: FilePath -> FilePath -> Bool+subdirectories p1 p2 = subdirectory p1 p2 || subdirectory p2 p1++-- | 'subdirectory' returns true if the absolute pathname @p1@ is a+-- subdirectory of the absolute pathname @p2@ as in+-- +-- > p1 `subdirectory` p2+-- +-- otherwise false.++subdirectory ::  FilePath -> FilePath -> Bool+subdirectory p1 p2 =+        let x = filePathComponents p1+            y = filePathComponents p2+        in isPrefixOf y x++-- | 'aDirectory' returns true if @p@ is not a symbolic link+-- and is a directory, otherwise false.++aDirectory :: FilePath -> IO Bool+aDirectory =+    fmap (either (const False :: IOException -> Bool) isDirectory) . try . getSymbolicLinkStatus++-- | 'aSymbolicLink' returns true if @p@ is a symbolic link, otherwise+-- false.++aSymbolicLink :: FilePath -> IO Bool+aSymbolicLink =+    fmap (either (const False :: IOException -> Bool) isSymbolicLink) . try . getSymbolicLinkStatus++-- | 'anObject' returns true if @p@ is an object in the filesystem,+-- otherwise false.  Symbolic links are not deferenced.++anObject :: FilePath -> IO Bool+anObject =+    fmap (either (const False :: IOException -> Bool) (const True)) . try . getSymbolicLinkStatus+++-- | Put a string or page it if the environmental variable PAGER is set.++putOrPageStrLn :: String -> IO ExitCode+putOrPageStrLn str+    | null str  = return ExitSuccess+    | otherwise =+    do pager <- fmap (lookup "PAGER") getEnvironment+       if isNothing pager+           then putStrLn str >> return ExitSuccess+           else do (inh, _, _, pid) <- createProcess (shell $ fromJust pager){std_in = CreatePipe}+                   unless (isNothing inh) $ do hPutStr (fromJust inh) str+                                               hFlush (fromJust inh)+                                               hClose (fromJust inh)+                   waitForProcess pid+++-- Section 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------++-- | Given two abosulte pathnames @p1@ and @p2@, 'decomposeFilePaths'+-- returns the common prefix to @p1@ and @p2@ plus the remainders of+-- @p1@ and @p2@, otherwise null plus @p1@ and @p2@.+decomposeFilePaths :: FilePath -> FilePath -> (FilePath, FilePath, FilePath)+decomposeFilePaths p1 p2+    | null p1   =  ([], p1, p2)+    | null p2   =  ([], p1, p2)+    | otherwise =+    let p1s = filePathComponents p1+        p2s = filePathComponents p2+        (pxs_, p1s_, p2s_) = decomposeFilePaths_ ([], p1s, p2s)+        decomposeFilePaths_ (pxs,  [], p2s) = (pxs,  [], p2s)+        decomposeFilePaths_ (pxs, p1s,  []) = (pxs, p1s,  [])+        decomposeFilePaths_ (pxs, p1s, p2s) =+            let p1h = head p1s+                p2h = head p2s+                p1t = tail p1s+                p2t = tail p2s+            in if p1h == p2h+               then decomposeFilePaths_ (pxs++[p1h], p1t, p2t)+               else (pxs, p1s, p2s)+    in (joinPath pxs_, joinPath p1s_, joinPath p2s_)+++-- Section 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------++-- | 'filePathComponents' returns pathname components that are reduced+-- to canonical form equivalent to that of ksh(1), that is, symbolic+-- link names are treated literally when finding the directory name.+-- See @cd -L@ of ksh(1).  Specifically, extraneous separators+-- @(\"/\")@, dot @(\".\")@, and double-dot @(\"..\")@ directories are+-- removed.++filePathComponents :: FilePath -> [FilePath]+filePathComponents p+    | null p    = [dot]+    | otherwise = let c  = head p+                      cs = tail p+                  in reverse $ snd $ foldl accumulate+                         (if c == pathSeparator then ([],[root]) else ([c],[dot]))+                         (cs++root)+    where+    accumulate :: (String,[String]) -> Char -> (String,[String])+    accumulate (cs, css) c =+        if c == pathSeparator+        then ([],(if null cs then id else cons cs) css)+        else (cs++[c],css)+    cons :: String -> [String] -> [String]+    cons cs css+        | cs == dot = css+        | css == [dot] = [cs]+        | cs /= dotdot || null css = cs : css+        | otherwise =+          let hd = head css+              tl = tail css+          in if hd == root+             then css+             else if hd == dotdot+                  then cs : css+                  else if null tl+                       then [dot]+                       else tl
+ tests/RunTests.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,641 @@+module Main(main) where++import Control.Monad (unless)+import Data.List (sort,nub,intersect)+import System.Exit (exitWith,ExitCode(..))+import System.IO (hPutStrLn,hFlush,stdout,stderr)+import System.FilePath ((</>),pathSeparator,isAbsolute,isRelative,joinPath)+import System.Process (runCommand,waitForProcess)+import Test.HUnit hiding (Testable)+import Test.QuickCheck (Testable(..),Property(..),(==>),Result(..),quickCheckResult)+import Utils (putOrPageStrLn,anObject,aSymbolicLink,aDirectory,subdirectories+             ,subdirectory,root,reduceFilePath,compElems,pairs,unpairs,dot,dotdot+             ,relativeLink,absoluteLink)+++-- Section 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------++main :: IO ()+main = do putMessage "Unit test reduceFilePath:"+          runTestTT checks4reduceFilePath >>= checkCounts++          putMessage "Property test reduceFilePath:"+          mapM_ runTest props4reduceFilePath+          mapM_ runTest props4reduceFilePath_++          putMessage "Unit test absoluteLink:"+          runTestTT checks4absoluteLink >>= checkCounts++          putMessage "Property test absoluteLink:"+          mapM_ runTest props4absoluteLink++          putMessage "Unit test relativeLink:"+          runTestTT checks4relativeLink >>= checkCounts++          putMessage "Property test relativeLink:"+          mapM_ runTest props4relativeLink++          putMessage "Unit test pairs:"+          runTestTT checks4pairs >>= checkCounts++          putMessage "Unit test unpairs . pairs == id:"+          runTestTT checks4unpairsPairs >>= checkCounts++          putMessage "Property test unpairs . pairs == id:"+          mapM_ runTest props4unpairsPairs++          putMessage "Unit test compElems:"+          runTestTT check4compElems >>= checkCounts++          putMessage "Property test compElems:"+          mapM_ runTest props4check4compElems++          putMessage "Unit test subdirectory:"+          runTestTT checks4subdirectory >>= checkCounts++          putMessage "Unit test subdirectories:"+          runTestTT checks4subdirectories >>= checkCounts++          putMessage "Property test subdirectory and subdirectories:"+          mapM_ runTest props4Subdirectories++          putMessage "Unit test aDirectory:"+          runTestTT checks4aDirectory >>= checkCounts++          putMessage "Unit test aSymbolicLink:"+          runTestTT checks4aSymbolicLink >>= checkCounts++          putMessage "Unit test anObject:"+          runTestTT checks4anObject >>= checkCounts++          putMessage "Unit test putOrPageStrLn:"+          runTestTT checks4putOrPageStrLn >>= checkCounts++          putMessage "Running black box tests:"+          runTests >>= exitWith++checkCounts :: Counts -> IO ()+checkCounts cnts = let errs = errors cnts + failures cnts+                   in if errs > 0+                      then exitWith $ ExitFailure (if errs < 256 then errs else 255)+                      else putStrLn ""++runTest :: Testable t => (String, t) -> IO ()+runTest (s, t) = do putStrLn s+                    verify t+                    putStrLn ""++putMessage  :: String -> IO ()+putMessage s = let l = length s+               in do putStrLn s+                     (putStrLn . replicate l) '='+                     hFlush stdout+++-- Section 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------++checks4reduceFilePath :: Test+checks4reduceFilePath =+    let checkReduceFilePath p1 p2+            = TestCase (assertEqual "reduceFilePath" p2 (reduceFilePath p1))+    in TestList+           [+           -- The special case of null arguments+           checkReduceFilePath "" "."++           -- The special case of dot+           , checkReduceFilePath "." "."++           -- The special case of double dot+           , checkReduceFilePath ".." ".."++           -- Only slashes+           , checkReduceFilePath "/" "/"+           , checkReduceFilePath "//" "/"+           , checkReduceFilePath "///" "/"++           -- Only dots and slashes+           , checkReduceFilePath "./" "."+           , checkReduceFilePath ".//" "."+           , checkReduceFilePath ".///" "."+           , checkReduceFilePath "./." "."+           , checkReduceFilePath ".//." "."+           , checkReduceFilePath ".///." "."+           , checkReduceFilePath "././" "."+           , checkReduceFilePath ".//./././///." "."+           , checkReduceFilePath "././././././././" "."++           -- Only slashes and dots+           , checkReduceFilePath "/." "/"+           , checkReduceFilePath "//." "/"+           , checkReduceFilePath "/./" "/"+           , checkReduceFilePath "///.///" "/"+           , checkReduceFilePath "/./././." "/"+           , checkReduceFilePath "//.//.//.//." "/"++           -- Only slashes and double dots+           , checkReduceFilePath "/.." "/"+           , checkReduceFilePath "/../" "/"+           , checkReduceFilePath "///..///" "/"+           , checkReduceFilePath "/../../../../" "/"++           -- Only double dots and slashes+           , checkReduceFilePath "../" ".."+           , checkReduceFilePath "..///" ".."+           , checkReduceFilePath "..///.." "../.."+           , checkReduceFilePath "../../../../" "../../../.."+           , checkReduceFilePath "..///..///..///..///" "../../../.."++           -- Absolute paths with only slahses+           , checkReduceFilePath "/a" "/a"+           , checkReduceFilePath "/a/b" "/a/b"+           , checkReduceFilePath "//a" "/a"+           , checkReduceFilePath "//a//b" "/a/b"+           , checkReduceFilePath "//a///" "/a"+           , checkReduceFilePath "//a//b///" "/a/b"+                                 +           -- Relative paths with only slahses+           , checkReduceFilePath "a" "a"+           , checkReduceFilePath "a/b" "a/b"+           , checkReduceFilePath "a" "a"+           , checkReduceFilePath "a//b" "a/b"+           , checkReduceFilePath "a///" "a"+           , checkReduceFilePath "a//b///" "a/b"++           -- Absolute paths with dots+           , checkReduceFilePath "/a/." "/a"+           , checkReduceFilePath "/a/./." "/a"+           , checkReduceFilePath "/./a" "/a"+           , checkReduceFilePath "/./a/./." "/a"++           -- Relative paths with dots+           , checkReduceFilePath "a/." "a"+           , checkReduceFilePath "a/./." "a"+           , checkReduceFilePath "./a" "a"+           , checkReduceFilePath "./a/./." "a"++           -- Absolute paths with double dots+           , checkReduceFilePath "/.." "/"+           , checkReduceFilePath "/a/.." "/"+           , checkReduceFilePath "/a/b/.." "/a"+           , checkReduceFilePath "/a/b/c/.." "/a/b"+           , checkReduceFilePath "/a/../b" "/b"+           , checkReduceFilePath "/a/b/../c" "/a/c"+           , checkReduceFilePath "/a/b/c/../.." "/a"+           , checkReduceFilePath "/a/b/c/../../.." "/"+           , checkReduceFilePath "/a/b/c/../../../.." "/"+           , checkReduceFilePath "/a/b/c/../x/y/../z" "/a/b/x/z"+                                 +           -- Relative paths with double dots+           , checkReduceFilePath "a/.." "."+           , checkReduceFilePath "a/b/.." "a"+           , checkReduceFilePath "a/b/c/.." "a/b"+           , checkReduceFilePath "a/../b" "b"+           , checkReduceFilePath "a/b/../c" "a/c"+           , checkReduceFilePath "a/b/c/../.." "a"+           , checkReduceFilePath "a/b/c/../../.." "."+           , checkReduceFilePath "a/b/c/../../../.." ".."+           , checkReduceFilePath "a/b/c/../../../../.." "../.."+           , checkReduceFilePath "a/b/c/../x/y/../z" "a/b/x/z"++           -- General abosulte paths+           , checkReduceFilePath "/a/b/./x/y/z/../." "/a/b/x/y"+           , checkReduceFilePath "/./a/.." "/"+           , checkReduceFilePath "/a/./b/c/../x/y/./.." "/a/b/x"+           , checkReduceFilePath "/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/../../../../../e/f/g/h/i" "/a/b/c/e/f/g/h/i"++           -- General reltative paths+           , checkReduceFilePath "a/b/./x/y/z/../." "a/b/x/y"+           , checkReduceFilePath "./a/.." "."+           , checkReduceFilePath "a/./b/c/../x/y/./.." "a/b/x"+           , checkReduceFilePath "./../../../a/b/c/./x/y/z" "../../../a/b/c/x/y/z"+           , checkReduceFilePath "a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/../../../../../e/f/g/h/i" "a/b/c/e/f/g/h/i"+           ]+++-- Section 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------++props4reduceFilePath :: [(String, FilePath -> Property)]+props4reduceFilePath = [ ("propReduceFilePathIdempotent", propReduceFilePathIdempotent)+                       , ("propReduceFilePathStaysAbsolute", propReduceFilePathStaysAbsolute)+                       , ("propReduceFilePathStaysRelative", propReduceFilePathStaysRelative)+                       ]++props4reduceFilePath_ :: [(String, FilePath -> FilePath -> Property)]+props4reduceFilePath_ = [ ("propReduceFilePathAssociativity", propReduceFilePathAssociativity)+                        ]++propReduceFilePathIdempotent  :: FilePath -> Property+propReduceFilePathIdempotent p =+    property $ (reduceFilePath . reduceFilePath) p == reduceFilePath p++propReduceFilePathStaysAbsolute   :: FilePath -> Property+propReduceFilePathStaysAbsolute p =+    let p' = root </> p+    in property $ (isAbsolute . reduceFilePath) p' == isAbsolute p'++propReduceFilePathStaysRelative   :: FilePath -> Property+propReduceFilePathStaysRelative p =+    (not (null p) && (head p /= pathSeparator)) ==>+        (isRelative . reduceFilePath) p == isRelative p++propReduceFilePathAssociativity :: FilePath -> FilePath -> Property+propReduceFilePathAssociativity p1 p2 =+    property (reduceFilePath (p1 </> p2) == reduceFilePath (reduceFilePath p1 </> reduceFilePath p2))+++-- Section 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------++checks4absoluteLink :: Test+checks4absoluteLink =+    let+        checkAbsoluteLink wd p1 p2 p =+            TestCase (assertEqual "absoluteLink" p (absoluteLink wd p1 p2))+    in TestList+           [ checkAbsoluteLink ""          ""  ""            root+           , checkAbsoluteLink ""          ""  "."           root+           , checkAbsoluteLink ""          ""  ".."          root+           , checkAbsoluteLink ""          "X" ""            root+           , checkAbsoluteLink ""          "X" "."           root+           , checkAbsoluteLink ""          "X" ".."          root+           , checkAbsoluteLink root        ""  ""            root+           , checkAbsoluteLink root        ""  "."           root+           , checkAbsoluteLink root        ""  ".."          root+           , checkAbsoluteLink root        "X" ""            root+           , checkAbsoluteLink root        "X" "."           root+           , checkAbsoluteLink root        "X" ".."          root+           , checkAbsoluteLink "/xx/yy/zz" ""  ""            "/xx/yy/zz"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "/xx/yy/zz" ""  "."           "/xx/yy/zz"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "/xx/yy/zz" ""  ".."          "/xx/yy"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "/xx/yy/zz" "X" ""            "/xx/yy/zz"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "/xx/yy/zz" "X" "."           "/xx/yy/zz"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "/xx/yy/zz" "X" ".."          "/xx/yy"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "xx/yy/zz"  ""  ""            "/xx/yy/zz"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "xx/yy/zz"  ""  "."           "/xx/yy/zz"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "xx/yy/zz"  ""  ".."          "/xx/yy"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "xx/yy/zz"  "X" ""            "/xx/yy/zz"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "xx/yy/zz"  "X" "."           "/xx/yy/zz"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "xx/yy/zz"  "X" ".."          "/xx/yy"+           , checkAbsoluteLink ""          ""  "aa/bb/cc"    "/aa/bb/cc"+           , checkAbsoluteLink ""          ""  "aa/bb/cc/."  "/aa/bb/cc"+           , checkAbsoluteLink ""          ""  "aa/bb/cc/.." "/aa/bb"+           , checkAbsoluteLink ""          "X" "aa/bb/cc/"   "/aa/bb/cc"+           , checkAbsoluteLink ""          "X" "aa/bb/cc/."  "/aa/bb/cc"+           , checkAbsoluteLink ""          "X" "aa/bb/cc/.." "/aa/bb"+           , checkAbsoluteLink root        ""  "aa/bb/cc/"   "/aa/bb/cc"+           , checkAbsoluteLink root        ""  "aa/bb/cc/."  "/aa/bb/cc"+           , checkAbsoluteLink root        ""  "aa/bb/cc/.." "/aa/bb"+           , checkAbsoluteLink root        "X" "aa/bb/cc/"   "/aa/bb/cc"+           , checkAbsoluteLink root        "X" "aa/bb/cc/."  "/aa/bb/cc"+           , checkAbsoluteLink root        "X" "aa/bb/cc/.." "/aa/bb"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "/xx/yy/zz" ""  "aa/bb/cc/"   "/xx/yy/zz/aa/bb/cc"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "/xx/yy/zz" ""  "aa/bb/cc/."  "/xx/yy/zz/aa/bb/cc"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "/xx/yy/zz" ""  "aa/bb/cc/.." "/xx/yy/zz/aa/bb"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "/xx/yy/zz" "X" "aa/bb/cc/"   "/xx/yy/zz/aa/bb/cc"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "/xx/yy/zz" "X" "aa/bb/cc/."  "/xx/yy/zz/aa/bb/cc"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "/xx/yy/zz" "X" "aa/bb/cc/.." "/xx/yy/zz/aa/bb"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "xx/yy/zz"  ""  "aa/bb/cc/"   "/xx/yy/zz/aa/bb/cc"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "xx/yy/zz"  ""  "aa/bb/cc/."  "/xx/yy/zz/aa/bb/cc"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "xx/yy/zz"  ""  "aa/bb/cc/.." "/xx/yy/zz/aa/bb"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "xx/yy/zz"  "X" "aa/bb/cc/"   "/xx/yy/zz/aa/bb/cc"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "xx/yy/zz"  "X" "aa/bb/cc/."  "/xx/yy/zz/aa/bb/cc"+           , checkAbsoluteLink "xx/yy/zz"  "X" "aa/bb/cc/.." "/xx/yy/zz/aa/bb"+           ]+++-- Section 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------++wd :: FilePath+wd  = joinPath $ map show [0..9]++props4absoluteLink :: [(String, FilePath -> FilePath -> Property)]+props4absoluteLink = [ ("propAbsoluteLinkIdempotent root", propAbsoluteLinkIdempotent root)+                     , ("propAbsoluteLinkIdempotent wd", propAbsoluteLinkIdempotent wd)+                     , ("propAbsoluteLinkStaysAbsolute root", propAbsoluteLinkStaysAbsolute root)+                     , ("propAbsoluteLinkStaysAbsolute wd", propAbsoluteLinkStaysAbsolute wd)+                     , ("propAbsoluteLinkIsNotRelative root", propAbsoluteLinkIsNotRelative root)+                     , ("propAbsoluteLinkIsNotRelative wd", propAbsoluteLinkIsNotRelative wd)+                     ]++propAbsoluteLinkIdempotent  :: FilePath -> FilePath -> FilePath -> Property+propAbsoluteLinkIdempotent wd p1 p2 =+    property $ (absoluteLink wd p1 . absoluteLink wd p1) p2 == absoluteLink wd p1 p2++propAbsoluteLinkStaysAbsolute   :: FilePath -> FilePath -> FilePath -> Property+propAbsoluteLinkStaysAbsolute wd p1 =+    property . isAbsolute . absoluteLink wd p1++propAbsoluteLinkIsNotRelative   :: FilePath -> FilePath -> FilePath -> Property+propAbsoluteLinkIsNotRelative wd p1 =+    property . not. isRelative . absoluteLink wd p1+++-- Section 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------++checks4relativeLink :: Test+checks4relativeLink =+    let+        checkRelativeLink wd p1 p2 p =+            TestCase (assertEqual "relativeLink" p (relativeLink wd p1 p2))+    in TestList+           [ checkRelativeLink ""          ""  ""            dot+           , checkRelativeLink ""          ""  "."           dot+           , checkRelativeLink ""          ""  ".."          dot+           , checkRelativeLink ""          "X" ""            dot+           , checkRelativeLink ""          "X" "."           dot+           , checkRelativeLink ""          "X" ".."          dot+           , checkRelativeLink root        ""  ""            dot+           , checkRelativeLink root        ""  "."           dot+           , checkRelativeLink root        ""  ".."          dot+           , checkRelativeLink root        "X" ""            dot+           , checkRelativeLink root        "X" "."           dot+           , checkRelativeLink root        "X" ".."          dot+           , checkRelativeLink "/xx/yy/zz" ""  ""            dot+           , checkRelativeLink "/xx/yy/zz" ""  "."           dot+           , checkRelativeLink "/xx/yy/zz" ""  ".."          dot+           , checkRelativeLink "/xx/yy/zz" "X" ""            dot+           , checkRelativeLink "/xx/yy/zz" "X" "."           dot+           , checkRelativeLink "/xx/yy/zz" "X" ".."          dotdot+           , checkRelativeLink "xx/yy/zz"  ""  ""            dot+           , checkRelativeLink "xx/yy/zz"  ""  "."           dot+           , checkRelativeLink "xx/yy/zz"  ""  ".."          dot+           , checkRelativeLink "xx/yy/zz"  "X" ""            dot+           , checkRelativeLink "xx/yy/zz"  "X" "."           dot+           , checkRelativeLink "xx/yy/zz"  "X" ".."          dotdot+           , checkRelativeLink ""          ""  "aa/bb/cc"    "aa/bb/cc"+           , checkRelativeLink ""          ""  "aa/bb/cc/."  "aa/bb/cc"+           , checkRelativeLink ""          ""  "aa/bb/cc/.." "aa/bb"+           , checkRelativeLink ""          "X" "aa/bb/cc/"   "aa/bb/cc"+           , checkRelativeLink ""          "X" "aa/bb/cc/."  "aa/bb/cc"+           , checkRelativeLink ""          "X" "aa/bb/cc/.." "aa/bb"+           , checkRelativeLink root        ""  "aa/bb/cc/"   "aa/bb/cc"+           , checkRelativeLink root        ""  "aa/bb/cc/."  "aa/bb/cc"+           , checkRelativeLink root        ""  "aa/bb/cc/.." "aa/bb"+           , checkRelativeLink root        "X" "aa/bb/cc/"   "aa/bb/cc"+           , checkRelativeLink root        "X" "aa/bb/cc/."  "aa/bb/cc"+           , checkRelativeLink root        "X" "aa/bb/cc/.." "aa/bb"+           , checkRelativeLink "/xx/yy/zz" ""  "aa/bb/cc/"   "aa/bb/cc"+           , checkRelativeLink "/xx/yy/zz" ""  "aa/bb/cc/."  "aa/bb/cc"+           , checkRelativeLink "/xx/yy/zz" ""  "aa/bb/cc/.." "aa/bb"+           , checkRelativeLink "/xx/yy/zz" "X" "aa/bb/cc/"   "aa/bb/cc"+           , checkRelativeLink "/xx/yy/zz" "X" "aa/bb/cc/."  "aa/bb/cc"+           , checkRelativeLink "/xx/yy/zz" "X" "aa/bb/cc/.." "aa/bb"+           , checkRelativeLink "xx/yy/zz"  ""  "aa/bb/cc/"   "aa/bb/cc"+           , checkRelativeLink "xx/yy/zz"  ""  "aa/bb/cc/."  "aa/bb/cc"+           , checkRelativeLink "xx/yy/zz"  ""  "aa/bb/cc/.." "aa/bb"+           , checkRelativeLink "xx/yy/zz"  "X" "aa/bb/cc/"   "aa/bb/cc"+           , checkRelativeLink "xx/yy/zz"  "X" "aa/bb/cc/."  "aa/bb/cc"+           , checkRelativeLink "xx/yy/zz"  "X" "aa/bb/cc/.." "aa/bb"+           , checkRelativeLink "xx/yy/zz"  "a" "a/bb/cc"     "bb/cc"+           , checkRelativeLink "xx/yy"   "a/b" "a/b/cc"      "cc"+           ]+++-- Section 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------++props4relativeLink :: [(String, FilePath -> FilePath -> Property)]+props4relativeLink = [ ("propRelativeLinkStaysRelative root", propRelativeLinkStaysRelative root)+                     , ("propRelativeLinkStaysRelative wd", propRelativeLinkStaysRelative wd)+                     , ("propRelativeLinkIsNotAbsolute root", propRelativeLinkIsNotAbsolute root)+                     , ("propRelativeLinkIsNotAbsolute wd", propRelativeLinkIsNotAbsolute wd)+                     , ("propSubRelativeLinkIsTarget root", propSubRelativeLinkIsTarget root)+                     , ("propSubRelativeLinkIsTarget wd", propSubRelativeLinkIsTarget wd)+                     ]++propRelativeLinkStaysRelative :: FilePath -> FilePath -> FilePath -> Property+propRelativeLinkStaysRelative wd p1 = property . isRelative . relativeLink wd p1++propRelativeLinkIsNotAbsolute :: FilePath -> FilePath -> FilePath -> Property+propRelativeLinkIsNotAbsolute wd p1 = property . not. isAbsolute . relativeLink wd p1++propSubRelativeLinkIsTarget :: FilePath -> FilePath -> FilePath -> Property+propSubRelativeLinkIsTarget wd p1 p2 =+    let rl    = relativeLink wd (p1 </> "symlink") p2+        abs p = if isAbsolute p then p else (pathSeparator:wd) </> p+    in property (reduceFilePath (abs p2) == reduceFilePath (abs p1 </> rl))+++-- Section 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------++checks4pairs :: Test+checks4pairs =+    let checkPairs xs ps = TestCase (assertEqual "pairs" ps (pairs xs))+    in TestList+           [+           -- Null and one element+             checkPairs []  ([] :: [(Int,Int)])+           , checkPairs [0]  []++           -- One pair+           , checkPairs [0,0] [(0,0)]+           , checkPairs [0,1] [(0,1)]+           , checkPairs [1,0] [(1,0)]++           -- Three pairs+           , checkPairs [0,0,0] [(0,0),(0,0),(0,0)]+           , checkPairs [0,0,2] [(0,0),(0,2),(0,2)]+           , checkPairs [0,1,0] [(0,1),(0,0),(1,0)]+           , checkPairs [0,1,1] [(0,1),(0,1),(1,1)]+           , checkPairs [0,1,2] [(0,1),(0,2),(1,2)]+           , checkPairs [1,0,2] [(1,0),(1,2),(0,2)]+           , checkPairs [2,1,0] [(2,1),(2,0),(1,0)]+           , checkPairs [0,2,1] [(0,2),(0,1),(2,1)]+           ]+++-- Section 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------++checks4unpairsPairs :: Test+checks4unpairsPairs =+    let l = [[],[0,0],[0,1],[1,0],[0,0,0],[0,0,2],[0,1,0],[0,1,1],[0,1,2],[1,0,2],[2,1,0],[0,2,1]]+    in TestCase (assertEqual "unpairs/pairs" l (map (unpairs.pairs) l))++props4unpairsPairs :: [(String, [Int] -> Property)]+props4unpairsPairs = [("propUnpairsPairsId", propUnpairsPairsId)]++propUnpairsPairsId   :: [Int] -> Property+propUnpairsPairsId xs = length xs /= 1 ==> xs == (unpairs.pairs) xs+++-- Section 9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------++check4compElems :: Test+check4compElems =+    let checkCompElems xs ys ts = TestCase (assertEqual "compElems" ts (compElems xs ys))+    in TestList+           [ checkCompElems ([]::[Int]) []       ([],[],[])+           , checkCompElems [0..9]      []       ([],[0..9],[])+           , checkCompElems []          [0..9]   ([],[],[0..9])+           , checkCompElems [0..9]      [0..9]   ([0..9],[],[])+           , checkCompElems [0..9]    [10..19]   ([],[0..9],[10..19])+           , checkCompElems [0..9]     [0..19]   ([0..9],[],[10..19])+           , checkCompElems [0..19]     [0..9]   ([0..9],[10..19],[])+           , checkCompElems [0..19]    [-9..9]   ([0..9],[10..19],[-9..(-1)])+           ]++props4check4compElems :: [(String,[Int] -> [Int] -> Property)]+props4check4compElems = [("propCompElemsDisjoint",propCompElemsDisjoint)+                        ,("propCompElemsComplete",propCompElemsComplete)+                        ]++propCompElemsDisjoint :: [Int] -> [Int] -> Property+propCompElemsDisjoint xs ys = let (same, unique1, unique2) = compElems xs ys+                              in property (+                                           null (same `intersect` unique1) &&+                                           null (same `intersect` unique2) &&+                                           null (unique1 `intersect` unique2)+                                          )++propCompElemsComplete :: [Int] -> [Int] -> Property+propCompElemsComplete xs ys = let (same, unique1, unique2) = compElems xs ys+                              in property (+                                           sort (nub xs) == sort (same++unique1) &&+                                           sort (nub ys) == sort (same++unique2)+                                          )+++-- Section 10 -----------------------------------------------------------------------++checks4subdirectory :: Test+checks4subdirectory =+    let checkSubdirectory d1 d2 b = TestCase (assertEqual "subdirectory" b (d1 `subdirectory` d2))+    in TestList+           [ checkSubdirectory "/"      "/"      True+           , checkSubdirectory "/"      "/."     True+           , checkSubdirectory "/."     "/"      True+           , checkSubdirectory "/."     "/."     True+           , checkSubdirectory "/"      "/.."    True+           , checkSubdirectory "/.."    "/"      True+           , checkSubdirectory "/.."    "/.."    True+           , checkSubdirectory "/.."    "/."     True+           , checkSubdirectory "/."     "/.."    True+           , checkSubdirectory "/a/b/c" "/x/y/z" False+           , checkSubdirectory "/x/y/z" "/a/b/c" False+           , checkSubdirectory "/x/y/z" "/x/y/z" True+           , checkSubdirectory "/x/y/z" "/x/y"   True+           , checkSubdirectory "/x/y"   "/x/y/z" False+           ]++checks4subdirectories :: Test+checks4subdirectories =+    let checkSubdirectories d2 d1 b = TestCase (assertEqual "subdirectories" b (d2 `subdirectories` d1))+    in TestList+           [ checkSubdirectories "/"      "/"      True+           , checkSubdirectories "/"      "/."     True+           , checkSubdirectories "/."     "/"      True+           , checkSubdirectories "/."     "/."     True+           , checkSubdirectories "/"      "/.."    True+           , checkSubdirectories "/.."    "/"      True+           , checkSubdirectories "/.."    "/.."    True+           , checkSubdirectories "/.."    "/."     True+           , checkSubdirectories "/."     "/.."    True+           , checkSubdirectories "/a/b/c" "/x/y/z" False+           , checkSubdirectories "/x/y/z" "/a/b/c" False+           , checkSubdirectories "/x/y/z" "/x/y/z" True+           , checkSubdirectories "/x/y/z" "/x/y"   True+           , checkSubdirectories "/x/y"   "/x/y/z" True+           ]++props4Subdirectories :: [(String, FilePath -> FilePath -> Property)]+props4Subdirectories = [ ("propSubdirectory",propSubdirectory)+                       , ("propSubdirectories",propSubdirectories)+                       ]++propSubdirectory :: FilePath -> FilePath -> Property+propSubdirectory d1 d2 =+    let d1_ = root </> d1+        d2_ = root </> d2+    in property (+                 if reduceFilePath d1_ == reduceFilePath d2_+                 then d1_ `subdirectory` d2_+                 else if d1_ `subdirectory` d2_+                      then not (d2_ `subdirectory` d1_)+                      else if d2_ `subdirectory` d1_+                           then not (d1_ `subdirectory` d2_)+                           else not (d1_ `subdirectory` d2_) && not (d2_ `subdirectory` d1_)+                )++propSubdirectories :: FilePath -> FilePath -> Property+propSubdirectories d1 d2 =+    let d1_ = root </> d1+        d2_ = root </> d2+    in property (+                 (subdirectories d1_ d2_ && subdirectories d2_ d1_) ||+                 (not (subdirectories d1_ d2_) && not (subdirectories d2_ d1_))+                )+++-- Section 11 -----------------------------------------------------------------------++checks4aDirectory :: Test+checks4aDirectory =+    let check4aDirectory p expected = +            TestCase (aDirectory p >>= assertBool "aDirectory" . (expected==))+    in TestList+           [ check4aDirectory "/"           True+           , check4aDirectory "."           True+           , check4aDirectory ".."          True+           , check4aDirectory "/etc/passwd" False+           , check4aDirectory "/var/run"    False+           , check4aDirectory "RaNdOmJuNk"  False+           ]++checks4aSymbolicLink :: Test+checks4aSymbolicLink =+    let check4aSymbolicLink p expected = +            TestCase (aSymbolicLink p >>= assertBool "aSymbolicLink" . (expected==))+    in TestList+           [ check4aSymbolicLink "/"           False+           , check4aSymbolicLink "."           False+           , check4aSymbolicLink ".."          False+           , check4aSymbolicLink "/etc/passwd" False+           , check4aSymbolicLink "/var/run"    True+           , check4aSymbolicLink "RaNdOmJuNk"  False+           ]++checks4anObject :: Test+checks4anObject =+    let check4anObject p expected = +            TestCase (anObject p >>= assertBool "anObject" . (expected==))+    in TestList+           [ check4anObject "/"           True+           , check4anObject "."           True+           , check4anObject ".."          True+           , check4anObject "/etc/passwd" True+           , check4anObject "RaNdOmJuNk"  False+           , check4anObject "/cdrom"      True+           ]+++-- Section 12 -----------------------------------------------------------------------++checks4putOrPageStrLn :: Test+checks4putOrPageStrLn =+    let check4putOrPageStrLn s =+            TestCase $ assert (putOrPageStrLn s >>= \e -> unless (e == ExitSuccess) $ exitWith e)+    in TestList+           [ check4putOrPageStrLn ""+           , check4putOrPageStrLn "."+           ]+++-- Section 13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------++runTests :: IO ExitCode+runTests =+    runCommand "./tests/run-tests.sh dist*/build/*/ghc-*/backstop-*/x/backstop/build/backstop/backstop"+                   >>= waitForProcess++-- Section Last ---------------------------------------------------------------------++verify :: Testable a => a -> IO ()+verify  t =+    do result <- quickCheckResult t+       case result of+         Success{}                              -> return ()+         GaveUp  ntest _ _ _ _ _                -> do hPutStrLn stderr ("Gave up after "++show ntest++" tests")+                                                      exitWith (ExitFailure (if ntest < 255 then ntest else 255))+         Failure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ reason _ _ _ _ _ -> do hPutStrLn stderr ("Failure: "++reason)+                                                      exitWith (ExitFailure 255)+         _                                      -> do hPutStrLn stderr "Not a success"+                                                      exitWith (ExitFailure 255)