packages feed

applicative-parsec (empty) → 0.1.0.0

raw patch · 12 files changed

+1389/−0 lines, 12 filesdep +QuickCheckdep +applicative-parsecdep +basesetup-changed

Dependencies added: QuickCheck, applicative-parsec, base, containers, lens, mtl, test-framework, test-framework-quickcheck2, text

Files

+ LICENSE view
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+ Setup.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@+import Distribution.Simple+main = defaultMain
+ applicative-parsec.cabal view
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@++name:           applicative-parsec+version:        0.1.0.0+cabal-version:  >= 1.10+build-type:     Simple+license:        GPL-3+license-file:   LICENSE+copyright:      Copyright 2013-2015 Karl Voelker+author:         Karl Voelker+maintainer:     aparsec@karlv.net+stability:      experimental+homepage:       https://www.github.com/ktvoelker/AParsec+bug-reports:    mailto:aparsec@karlv.net+synopsis:       An applicative parser combinator library+description:+  The goal of this library is to take advantage of the power of applicatives to+  provide not only a parser combinator library, but grammar analysis and+  validation tools. Right now, those tools are minimal, but do include a BNF+  generator.+category:       Language+tested-with:    GHC == 7.10.1++Source-repository head+  type: git+  location: https://github.com/ktvoelker/AParsec.git++Library+  default-language: Haskell2010+  hs-source-dirs: src+  ghc-options:+    -Wall+    -fno-warn-name-shadowing+    -fno-warn-missing-signatures+    -fno-warn-orphans+  build-depends:+    base       >= 4   && < 5,+    containers >= 0.5 && < 0.6,+    mtl        >= 2.2 && < 2.3,+    lens       >= 4.9 && < 4.10,+    text       >= 1.2 && < 1.3+  exposed-modules:+    Text.Parsec.Applicative+    Text.Parsec.Applicative.BNF+    Text.Parsec.Applicative.Grammar+    Text.Parsec.Applicative.Internal+    Text.Parsec.Applicative.Types+  other-modules:+    Example+  default-extensions:+    TupleSections+    GADTs+    RankNTypes+    StandaloneDeriving+    LambdaCase+    ScopedTypeVariables+  other-extensions:+    TemplateHaskell++Test-Suite test+  type: exitcode-stdio-1.0+  default-language: Haskell2010+  hs-source-dirs: tst+  main-is: Main.hs+  other-modules:+    Test+    Types+  ghc-options:+    -Wall+    -Werror+    -fno-warn-name-shadowing+    -fno-warn-missing-signatures+    -fno-warn-orphans+  build-depends:+    base                       >= 4   && < 5,+    mtl                        >= 2.2 && < 2.3,+    QuickCheck                 >= 2.7 && < 2.8,+    test-framework             >= 0.8 && < 0.9,+    test-framework-quickcheck2 >= 0.3 && < 0.4,+    applicative-parsec+  default-extensions:+    ImpredicativeTypes+    RankNTypes+    LambdaCase+    TypeSynonymInstances+    FlexibleInstances+
+ src/Example.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@++module Example where++import Control.Applicative+import Data.Maybe++import Text.Parsec.Applicative+import Text.Parsec.Applicative.BNF++data TT = TTInt | TTPlus | TTMult | TTLP | TTRP+  deriving (Eq, Enum, Bounded)++instance Show TT where+  showsPrec _ TTInt  = ("INT" ++)+  showsPrec _ TTPlus = ("'+'" ++)+  showsPrec _ TTMult = ("'*'" ++)+  showsPrec _ TTLP   = ("'('" ++)+  showsPrec _ TTRP   = ("')'" ++)++type TD = Maybe Integer++data Expr = Mult Expr Expr | Plus Expr Expr | Lit Integer+  deriving (Show)++lit = label "lit" $ Lit . fromJust . snd <$> token TTInt++factor = label "factor" $ f <$> lit <*> optional (token TTMult *> factor)+  where+    f e Nothing = e+    f e1 (Just e2) = Mult e1 e2++expr = label "expr" $+  f <$> factor <*> optional (token TTPlus *> expr)+  <|>+  token TTLP *> expr <* token TTRP+  where+    f e Nothing = e+    f e1 (Just e2) = Plus e1 e2++bnf = parserToBNF expr+
+ src/Text/Parsec/Applicative.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@++module Text.Parsec.Applicative+  ( module Control.Applicative+  , module Data.Traversable+  , module Text.Parsec.Applicative.Types+  , Parser()+  , ParseError(..)+  , eof+  , token+  , try+  , label+  , parse+  , parse'+  , accept+  , accept'+  , between+  , choice+  , option+  , sepBy+  , updatePosString+  , getPosition+  ) where++import Control.Applicative+import Control.Lens+import Data.Traversable (Traversable(traverse, sequenceA), for, mapAccumL, mapAccumR)++import Text.Parsec.Applicative.Internal+import Text.Parsec.Applicative.Types++between :: (Applicative f) => f a -> f b -> f c -> f c+between l r m = l *> m <* r++choice :: (Alternative f) => [f a] -> f a+choice = foldr (<|>) empty++option :: (Alternative f) => a -> f a -> f a+option = flip (<|>) . pure++sepBy :: (Alternative f) => f a -> f b -> f [a]+sepBy p delim = ((:) <$> p <*> many (delim *> p)) <|> empty++updatePosString :: SourcePos -> String -> SourcePos+updatePosString = foldr f+  where+    f '\n' = (set spColumn 0) . (over spLine (+ 1))+    f _ = over spColumn (+ 1)++getPosition :: (HasSourcePos td) => Parser s tt td SourcePos+getPosition = PGetPos+
+ src/Text/Parsec/Applicative/BNF.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@++module Text.Parsec.Applicative.BNF where++import qualified Data.Map as Map++import Text.Parsec.Applicative.Grammar+import Text.Parsec.Applicative.Internal++newtype BNF = BNF { showsPrecBNF :: Int -> ShowS }++instance Show BNF where+  showsPrec n bnf = showsPrecBNF bnf n++grammarToBNF :: (Show s, Show t) => Grammar s t -> BNF+grammarToBNF = BNF . const . showsGrammarBNF++parserToBNF :: (Show s, Show tt, Ord s) => Parser s tt td a -> Maybe BNF+parserToBNF = fmap grammarToBNF . parserToGrammar++showsGrammarBNF :: (Show s, Show t) => Grammar s t -> ShowS+showsGrammarBNF (Grammar start prods) = showsBNFStart start . showsBNFProds prods++showsBNFStart :: (Show s) => s -> ShowS+showsBNFStart xs = shows xs . ("\n" ++)++showsBNFProds :: (Show s, Show t) => Map.Map s (Expr s t) -> ShowS+showsBNFProds =+  flip (showsSepBy True) ("\n" ++)+  . map (\(n, e) -> shows n . (" := " ++) . showsBNFExp True e)+  . Map.toList++showsBNFExp :: (Show s, Show t) => Bool -> Expr s t -> ShowS+showsBNFExp _ End = ("<End>" ++)+showsBNFExp _ Empty = ("ε" ++)+showsBNFExp _ (Terminal t) = shows t+showsBNFExp _ (NonTerminal xs) = shows xs+showsBNFExp safe (Sequence es) = showsSepBy safe (map (showsBNFExp False) es) (" " ++)+showsBNFExp safe (Choice es) = showsSepBy safe (map (showsBNFExp True) es) (" | " ++)+showsBNFExp _ (Repeat e) = showsBNFExp False e . ("*" ++)+showsBNFExp _ (Try e) = ("TRY" ++) . showsParens (showsBNFExp True e)+showsBNFExp _ (Fail xs) = ("<Fail" ++) . maybe id (((": " ++) .) . (++)) xs . (">" ++)++showsParens :: ShowS -> ShowS+showsParens f = ("(" ++) . f . (")" ++)++showsSepBy :: Bool -> [ShowS] -> ShowS -> ShowS+showsSepBy _ [] _ = id+showsSepBy _ [s] _ = s+showsSepBy safe (s : ss) sep =+  (if safe then id else showsParens)+  $ foldl (.) s $ map (sep .) ss+
+ src/Text/Parsec/Applicative/Grammar.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@++module Text.Parsec.Applicative.Grammar where++import Data.List+import qualified Data.Map as Map++import Text.Parsec.Applicative.Internal++data Grammar s t =+  Grammar+  { start :: s+  , productions :: Map.Map s (Expr s t)+  }++data Expr s t =+    End+  | Empty+  | Terminal t+  | NonTerminal s+  | Sequence [Expr s t]+  | Choice [Expr s t]+  | Repeat (Expr s t)+  | Try (Expr s t)+  | Fail (Maybe String)++deriving instance (Show s, Show t) => Show (Expr s t)++deriving instance (Show s, Show t) => Show (Grammar s t)++nonTerminals+  :: (Eq s)+  => [(s, Parser s tt td ())]+  -> Parser s tt td a+  -> [(s, Parser s tt td ())]+nonTerminals acc PEnd = acc+nonTerminals acc (PConst _) = acc+nonTerminals acc (PToken _) = acc+nonTerminals acc (PSkip _ p) = nonTerminals acc p+nonTerminals acc (PApp f p) = nonTerminals (nonTerminals acc p) f+nonTerminals acc (PTry p) = nonTerminals acc p+nonTerminals acc (PRepeat p) = nonTerminals acc p+nonTerminals acc (PFail _) = acc+nonTerminals acc (PChoice p q) = nonTerminals (nonTerminals acc q) p+nonTerminals acc (PLabel xs p) = case find ((== xs) . fst) acc of+  Nothing -> nonTerminals ((xs, pure () <* p) : acc) p+  Just _ -> acc+nonTerminals acc PGetPos = acc++parserToGrammar :: (Ord s) => Parser s tt td a -> Maybe (Grammar s tt)+parserToGrammar p@(PLabel xs _) = Just (Grammar xs ps)+  where+    ps = Map.fromList . map (\(xs, p) -> (xs, flatten . ce $ p)) . nonTerminals [] $ p+parserToGrammar _ = Nothing++ce :: Parser s tt td a -> Expr s tt+ce PEnd          = End+ce (PConst _)    = Empty+ce (PToken t)    = Terminal t+ce (PSkip p q)   = Sequence [ce p, ce q]+ce (PApp f p)    = Sequence [ce f, ce p]+ce (PTry p)      = Try (ce p)+ce (PRepeat p)   = Repeat (ce p)+ce (PFail xs)    = Fail xs+ce (PChoice f p) = Choice [ce f, ce p]+ce (PLabel xs _) = NonTerminal xs+ce PGetPos       = Empty++isFail :: Expr s t -> Bool+isFail (Fail _) = True+isFail _ = False++flatten :: Expr s t -> Expr s t+flatten e@End = e+flatten e@Empty = e+flatten e@(Terminal _) = e+flatten e@(NonTerminal _) = e+flatten e@(Fail _) = e+flatten e@(Sequence _) = case flattenSequence e of+  []  -> Empty+  [e] -> e+  es | any isFail es -> Fail Nothing+     | otherwise     -> Sequence es+flatten e@(Choice _) = case filter (not . isFail) $ flattenChoice e of+  []  -> Empty+  [e] -> e+  es  -> Choice es+flatten (Repeat e) = case flatten e of+  e@(Fail _) -> e+  e          -> Repeat e+flatten (Try e) = case flatten e of+  e@(Fail _) -> e+  e          -> Try e++flattenSequence :: Expr s t -> [Expr s t]+flattenSequence (Sequence es) = concatMap (flattenSequence . flatten) es+flattenSequence Empty = []+flattenSequence e = [flatten e]++flattenChoice :: Expr s t -> [Expr s t]+flattenChoice (Choice es) = concatMap (flattenChoice . flatten) es+flattenChoice e = [flatten e]+
+ src/Text/Parsec/Applicative/Internal.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@++module Text.Parsec.Applicative.Internal+  ( module Control.Applicative+  , module Text.Parsec.Applicative.Internal+  , module Text.Parsec.Applicative.Types+  ) where++import Control.Applicative+import Control.Lens+import Control.Monad.Except+import Control.Monad.State+import Control.Monad.Writer+import qualified Data.Text as T++import Text.Parsec.Applicative.Types++data Parser s tt td a where+  PEnd    :: Parser s tt td ()+  PConst  :: a -> Parser s tt td a+  PToken  :: tt -> Parser s tt td (tt, td)+  PSkip   :: Parser s tt td a -> Parser s tt td b -> Parser s tt td b+  PApp    :: Parser s tt td (a -> b) -> Parser s tt td a -> Parser s tt td b+  PTry    :: Parser s tt td a -> Parser s tt td a+  PRepeat :: Parser s tt td a -> Parser s tt td [a]+  PFail   :: Maybe String -> Parser s tt td a+  PChoice :: Parser s tt td a -> Parser s tt td a -> Parser s tt td a+  PLabel  :: s -> Parser s tt td a -> Parser s tt td a+  PGetPos :: (HasSourcePos td) => Parser s tt td SourcePos++parens :: ShowS -> ShowS+parens ss = ('(' :) . ss . (')' :)++listed :: [ShowS] -> ShowS+listed = parens . foldr (.) id . map1 ((' ' :) .)++map1 :: (a -> a) -> [a] -> [a]+map1 _ [] = []+map1 f (x : xs) = x : map f xs++instance (Show s, Show tt, Show td) => Show (Parser s tt td a) where+  showsPrec _ PEnd           = ("PEnd" ++)+  showsPrec _ (PConst _)     = ("PConst" ++)+  showsPrec p (PToken t)     = listed [("PToken" ++), showsPrec p t]+  showsPrec p (PSkip a b)    = listed [("PSkip" ++), showsPrec p a, showsPrec p b]+  showsPrec p (PApp a b)     = listed [("PApp" ++), showsPrec p a, showsPrec p b]+  showsPrec p (PTry a)       = listed [("PTry" ++), showsPrec p a]+  showsPrec p (PRepeat a)    = listed [("PRepeat" ++), showsPrec p a]+  showsPrec _ (PFail _)      = ("PFail" ++)+  showsPrec p (PChoice a b)  = listed [("PChoice" ++), showsPrec p a, showsPrec p b]+  showsPrec p (PLabel xs a ) = listed [("PLabel" ++), showsPrec p xs, showsPrec p a]+  showsPrec _ PGetPos        = ("PGetPos" ++)++instance Functor (Parser s tt td) where+  fmap = PApp . PConst++instance Applicative (Parser s tt td) where+  pure  = PConst+  (<*>) = PApp+  (*>)  = PSkip++instance Alternative (Parser s tt td) where+  empty  = PFail Nothing+  (<|>)  = PChoice+  some p = PApp (PApp (pure (:)) p) (PRepeat p)+  many p = PRepeat p++eof :: Parser s tt td ()+eof = PEnd++token :: (Eq tt) => tt -> Parser s tt td (tt, td)+token = PToken++try = PTry++label = PLabel++data ParseErrorType = EUnexpected | EEnd | ENotEnd+  deriving (Eq, Ord, Enum, Bounded, Show)++data ParseError =+  ParseError+  { peType      :: Maybe ParseErrorType+  , peMessage   :: Maybe T.Text+  , peSourcePos :: Maybe SourcePos+  } deriving (Eq, Show)++noMsg :: ParseError+noMsg  = ParseError Nothing Nothing Nothing++strMsg :: [Char] -> ParseError+strMsg = flip (ParseError Nothing) Nothing . Just . T.pack++data ParserError =+    ERepeatEmpty+  | EUnknown+  deriving (Eq, Show)++parse+  :: (Eq tt, HasSourcePos td)+  => Parser s tt td a -> [(tt, td)] -> Either ParseError a+parse = (fst .) . parse'++parse'+  :: (Eq tt, HasSourcePos td)+  => Parser s tt td a -> [(tt, td)] -> (Either ParseError a, [(tt, td)])+parse' p = (\(x, s) -> (x, s ^. psTokens)) . runM (mp p)++runM+  :: (Eq tt, HasSourcePos td)+  => M tt td a -> [(tt, td)] -> (Either ParseError a, ParseState tt td)+runM m = runState (runExceptT m) . emptyParseState++accept :: (Eq tt, HasSourcePos td) => Parser s tt td a -> [(tt, td)] -> Bool+accept = (either (const False) (const True) .) . parse++accept' :: (Eq tt, HasSourcePos td) => Parser s tt td a -> [(tt, td)] -> Maybe ParseError+accept' = (either Just (const Nothing) .) . parse++data Ex f = forall a. Ex (f a)++acceptEmpty :: Ex (Parser s tt td) -> Bool+acceptEmpty (Ex PEnd) = True+acceptEmpty (Ex (PConst _)) = True+acceptEmpty (Ex (PToken _)) = False+acceptEmpty (Ex (PSkip a b)) = all acceptEmpty [Ex a, Ex b]+acceptEmpty (Ex (PApp a b)) = all acceptEmpty [Ex a, Ex b]+acceptEmpty (Ex (PTry a)) = acceptEmpty (Ex a)+acceptEmpty (Ex (PRepeat _)) = True+acceptEmpty (Ex (PFail _)) = False+acceptEmpty (Ex (PChoice a b)) = any acceptEmpty [Ex a, Ex b]+acceptEmpty (Ex (PLabel _ a)) = acceptEmpty (Ex a)+acceptEmpty (Ex PGetPos) = True++validate :: Parser s tt td a -> [(ParserError, String)]+validate = execWriter . f+  where+    f _ = undefined++infix 4 `accept`, `accept'`++localConsumption :: M tt td a -> M tt td a+localConsumption p = do+  con <- use psConsumed+  assign psConsumed False+  ret <- p+  psConsumed %= (|| con)+  return ret++type M tt td = ExceptT ParseError (State (ParseState tt td))++mp :: (Eq tt, HasSourcePos td) => Parser s tt td a -> M tt td a+mp PEnd = use psTokens >>= \case+  [] -> return ()+  (_, td) : _ -> throwError . ParseError (Just ENotEnd) Nothing . Just . sourcePos $ td+mp (PConst x) = return x+mp (PToken exp) = use psTokens >>= \case+  t@(act, _) : ts | exp == act -> assign psTokens ts >> return t+  (_, td) : _ -> throwError . ParseError Nothing Nothing . Just . sourcePos $ td+  _ -> throwError $ ParseError (Just EEnd) Nothing Nothing+mp (PSkip p1 p2) = mp p1 >> mp p2+mp (PApp f a) = mp f <*> mp a+mp (PTry p) = do+  ts <- get+  catchError (mp p) $ \err -> do+    put ts+    throwError err+mp (PRepeat p) = mp $ ((:) <$> p <*> PRepeat p) <|> PConst []+mp (PFail Nothing) = throwError noMsg+mp (PFail (Just xs)) = throwError $ strMsg xs+mp (PChoice p1 p2) = do+  localConsumption+  . catchError (mp p1)+  $ \err -> use psConsumed >>= \case+    True  -> throwError err+    -- TODO if p2 throws an error, there might be some merging to do with p1's error+    False -> mp p2+-- TODO simplify error messages that bubble up through here+mp (PLabel _ p) = mp p+mp PGetPos = use psTokens >>= return . \case+  [] -> noPos+  (_, td) : _ -> sourcePos td+
+ src/Text/Parsec/Applicative/Types.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@++{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell #-}+module Text.Parsec.Applicative.Types+  ( SourcePos(SourcePos)+  , spName+  , spLine+  , spColumn+  , initialPos+  , noPos+  , HasSourcePos(..)+  , WithSourcePos(WithSourcePos)+  , wspValue+  , wspSourcePos+  , ParseState()+  , psConsumed+  , psTokens+  , emptyParseState+  ) where++import Control.Lens+import qualified Data.Text as T++data SourcePos =+  SourcePos+  { _spName   :: Maybe T.Text+  , _spLine   :: Integer+  , _spColumn :: Integer+  } deriving (Eq, Ord, Show)++makeLenses ''SourcePos++initialPos :: Maybe T.Text -> SourcePos+initialPos name = SourcePos name 1 1++noPos :: SourcePos+noPos = SourcePos Nothing (-1) (-1)++class HasSourcePos a where+  sourcePos :: a -> SourcePos++data WithSourcePos a =+  WithSourcePos+  { _wspValue     :: a+  , _wspSourcePos :: SourcePos+  } deriving (Eq, Ord, Show)++makeLenses ''WithSourcePos++instance HasSourcePos SourcePos where+  sourcePos = id++instance HasSourcePos (WithSourcePos a) where+  sourcePos = _wspSourcePos++data ParseState tt td =+  ParseState+  { _psConsumed :: Bool+  , _psTokens :: [(tt, td)]+  } deriving (Show)++makeLenses ''ParseState++emptyParseState :: (HasSourcePos td) => [(tt, td)] -> ParseState tt td+emptyParseState = ParseState False+
+ tst/Main.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@++module Main where++import Test.Framework+import Test.Framework.Providers.QuickCheck2 (testProperty)+import System.Environment++import qualified Test++tests :: [Test]+tests =+  [ testGroup "Simple"+    [ testProperty "EOF matches only at the end" Test.prop_theEndIsTheEnd+    , testProperty "Repeating a token" Test.prop_repeatToken+    , testProperty "Repeating a token sequence" Test.prop_repeatTokens+    ]+  ]++main :: IO ()+main = getArgs >>= interpretArgsOrExit >>= defaultMainWithOpts tests . f+  where+    f :: RunnerOptions -> RunnerOptions+    f ro = ro+      { ropt_test_options+        = Just $ (maybe mempty id $ ropt_test_options ro)+          { topt_maximum_test_size+            = Just 16+          }+      }+
+ tst/Test.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@++module Test where++import Test.QuickCheck.Property++import Text.Parsec.Applicative++import Types++isLeft, isRight :: Either a b -> Bool++isLeft (Left _) = True+isLeft (Right _) = False++isRight = not . isLeft++prop_theEndIsTheEnd :: P -> Tokens -> Bool+prop_theEndIsTheEnd p ts =+  case parse' p ts of+    (Right _, (_ : _)) -> isLeft $ fst ret'+    ret -> ret' == ret+  where+    ret' = parse' (p <* eof) ts++prop_repeatToken :: Int -> Sigma -> Bool+prop_repeatToken reps tok = many (token tok) `accept` zip (r tok) (r ())+  where+    r = replicate reps++prop_repeatTokens :: Int -> [Sigma] -> Property+prop_repeatTokens reps toks = not (null toks) ==> p `accept` ts+  where+    p = many . sequenceA . map token $ toks+    ts = zip (concat $ replicate reps toks) (repeat ())+
+ tst/Types.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@++module Types (module Text.Parsec.Applicative, module Types) where++import Test.QuickCheck++import Text.Parsec.Applicative+import Text.Parsec.Applicative.Internal++instance HasSourcePos () where+  sourcePos = const noPos++type Tokens = [(Sigma, Extra)]++data Sigma = A | B | C deriving (Eq, Ord, Enum, Bounded, Show)++instance Arbitrary Sigma where+  arbitrary = arbitraryBoundedEnum++data Extra = E | F | G deriving (Eq, Ord, Enum, Bounded, Show)++instance Monoid Extra where+  mempty = E+  mappend E x = x+  mappend x E = x+  mappend F F = G+  mappend F G = E+  mappend G F = E+  mappend G G = F++instance HasSourcePos Extra where+  sourcePos = const $ SourcePos Nothing (-1) (-1)++instance Arbitrary Extra where+  arbitrary = arbitraryBoundedEnum++type P = Parser String Sigma Extra Extra++newtype RecP = RecP { getP :: P }++instance Arbitrary P where+  arbitrary = arbitraryParser False++instance Arbitrary RecP where+  arbitrary = RecP <$> arbitraryParser True++arbitraryParser :: Bool -> Gen P+arbitraryParser rec = sized $ arb rec++arb :: Bool -> Int -> Gen P+arb _ 0 = oneof+  [ (PEnd *>) . PConst <$> arbitrary+  , PConst <$> arbitrary+  , PApp (pure snd) . PToken <$> arbitrary+  , return $ PFail $ Just "arbitrary"+  ]+arb rec n = oneof+  [ bin PSkip+  -- TODO generate real functions+  , PApp <$> ((*> pure id) <$> arb') <*> arb'+  , PTry <$> arb'+  , PApp (pure mconcat) . PRepeat <$> arb' `suchThat` (not . acceptEmpty . Ex)+  , bin PChoice+  -- TODO generate recursive parsers+  , PLabel "label" <$> arb'+  ]+  where+    arb' = arb rec $ n `div` 2+    bin op = op <$> arb' <*> arb'+