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active (empty) → 0.1.0.0

raw patch · 6 files changed

+887/−0 lines, 6 filesdep +QuickCheckdep +arraydep +basesetup-changed

Dependencies added: QuickCheck, array, base, newtype, semigroupoids, semigroups, vector-space

Files

+ CHANGES view
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@+0.1.0.0: 9 March 2012++  Initial release.
+ LICENSE view
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@+Copyright (c) 2011-2012, Brent Yorgey++All rights reserved.++Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:++    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.++    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above+      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following+      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided+      with the distribution.++    * Neither the name of Brent Yorgey nor the names of other+      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived+      from this software without specific prior written permission.++THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT+OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT+LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,+DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY+THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ Setup.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@+import Distribution.Simple+main = defaultMain
+ active.cabal view
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@+name:                active+version:             0.1.0.0+synopsis:            Abstractions for animation+description:         "Active" abstraction for animated things with finite start and end times.+license:             BSD3+license-file:        LICENSE+author:              Brent Yorgey+maintainer:          byorgey@cis.upenn.edu+copyright:           (c) 2011 Brent Yorgey+category:            Data+build-type:          Simple+cabal-version:       >=1.8+extra-source-files:  CHANGES+tested-with:         GHC == 6.12.3, GHC == 7.0.4, GHC == 7.2.1, GHC == 7.4.1+source-repository head+  type:     darcs+  location: http://patch-tag.com/r/byorgey/active++library+  exposed-modules:     Data.Active+  build-depends:       base >= 4.0 && < 4.6,+                       array >= 0.3 && < 0.5,+                       semigroups >= 0.1 && < 0.9,+                       semigroupoids >= 1.2 && < 1.3,+                       vector-space >= 0.8 && < 0.9,+                       newtype >= 0.2 && < 0.3+  hs-source-dirs:      src++test-suite active-tests+    type:              exitcode-stdio-1.0+    main-is:           active-tests.hs+    build-depends:     base >= 4.0 && < 4.6,+                       array >= 0.3 && < 0.5,+                       semigroups >= 0.1 && < 0.9,+                       semigroupoids >= 1.2 && < 1.3,+                       vector-space >= 0.8 && < 0.9,+                       newtype >= 0.2 && < 0.3,++                       QuickCheck >= 2.4.2 && < 2.5+    hs-source-dirs:    src, test
+ src/Data/Active.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,657 @@+{-# LANGUAGE DeriveFunctor+           , GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving+           , TypeSynonymInstances+           , MultiParamTypeClasses+           , TypeFamilies+           , FlexibleInstances+  #-}+{-# OPTIONS_GHC -fno-warn-orphans #-}++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-- |+-- Module      :  Data.Active+-- Copyright   :  (c) 2011 Brent Yorgey+-- License     :  BSD-style (see LICENSE)+-- Maintainer  :  byorgey@cis.upenn.edu+--+-- Inspired by the work of Kevin Matlage and Andy Gill (/Every/+-- /Animation Should Have a Beginning, a Middle, and an End/, Trends+-- in Functional Programming,+-- 2010. <http://ittc.ku.edu/csdl/fpg/node/46>), this module defines a+-- simple abstraction for working with time-varying values.  A value+-- of type @Active a@ is either a constant value of type @a@, or a+-- time-varying value of type @a@ (/i.e./ a function from time to+-- @a@) with specific start and end times.  Since active values+-- have start and end times, they can be aligned, sequenced,+-- stretched, or reversed.+--+-- In a sense, this is sort of like a stripped-down version of+-- functional reactive programming (FRP), without the reactivity.+--+-- The original motivating use for this library is to support making+-- animations with the diagrams framework+-- (<http://projects.haskell.org/diagrams>), but the hope is that it+-- may find more general utility.+--+-- There are two basic ways to create an @Active@ value.  The first is+-- to use 'mkActive' to create one directly, by specifying a start and+-- end time and a function of time.  More indirectly, one can use the+-- 'Applicative' instance together with the unit interval 'ui', which+-- takes on values from the unit interval from time 0 to time 1, or+-- 'interval', which creates an active over an arbitrary interval.+--+-- For example, to create a value of type @Active Double@ which+-- represents one period of a sine wave starting at time 0 and ending+-- at time 1, we could write+--+-- > mkActive 0 1 (\t -> sin (fromTime t * tau))+--+-- or+--+-- > (sin . (*tau)) <$> ui+--+-- 'pure' can also be used to create @Active@ values which are+-- constant and have no start or end time.  For example,+--+-- > mod <$> (floor <$> interval 0 100) <*> pure 7+--+-- cycles repeatedly through the numbers 0-6.+--+-- Note that the \"idiom bracket\" notation supported by the SHE+-- preprocessor (<http://personal.cis.strath.ac.uk/~conor/pub/she/>,+-- <http://hackage.haskell.org/package/she>) can make for somewhat+-- more readable 'Applicative' code.  For example, the above example+-- can be rewritten using SHE as+--+-- > {-# OPTIONS_GHC -F -pgmF she #-}+-- >+-- > ... (| mod (| floor (interval 0 100) |) ~7 |)+--+-- There are many functions for transforming and composing active+-- values; see the documentation below for more details.+--+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------++module Data.Active+       ( -- * Representing time++         -- ** Time and duration++         Time, toTime, fromTime+       , Duration, toDuration, fromDuration++         -- ** Eras++       , Era, mkEra+       , start, end, duration++         -- * Dynamic values+       , Dynamic(..), mkDynamic, onDynamic++       , shiftDynamic++         -- * Active values+         -- $active+       , Active, mkActive, fromDynamic, isConstant, isDynamic++       , onActive, modActive, runActive++       , activeEra, setEra, atTime++       , activeStart, activeEnd++         -- * Combinators++         -- ** Special active values++       , ui, interval++         -- ** Transforming active values++       , stretch, stretchTo, during+       , shift, backwards++       , snapshot++         -- ** Working with values outside the era+       , clamp, clampBefore, clampAfter+       , trim, trimBefore, trimAfter++         -- ** Composing active values++       , after++       , (->>)++       , (|>>), movie++         -- * Discretization++       , discrete+       , simulate++       ) where++import Control.Applicative+import Control.Arrow ((&&&))+import Control.Newtype++import Data.Array+import Data.Maybe++import Data.Functor.Apply+import Data.Semigroup hiding (First(..))+import Data.Monoid (First(..))++import Data.VectorSpace hiding ((<.>))+import Data.AffineSpace++------------------------------------------------------------+-- Time+------------------------------------------------------------++-- | An abstract type for representing /points in time/.  Note that+--   literal numeric values may be used as @Time@s, thanks to the the+--   'Num' and 'Fractional' instances.  'toTime' and 'fromTime' are+--   also provided for convenience in converting between @Time@ and+--   other numeric types.+newtype Time = Time { unTime :: Rational }+  deriving ( Eq, Ord, Show, Read, Enum, Num, Fractional, Real, RealFrac+           , AdditiveGroup, InnerSpace+           )++instance Newtype Time Rational where+  pack   = Time+  unpack = unTime++instance VectorSpace Time where+  type Scalar Time = Rational+  s *^ (Time t) = Time (s * t)++-- | Convert any value of a 'Real' type (including @Int@, @Integer@,+--   @Rational@, @Float@, and @Double@) to a 'Time'.+toTime :: Real a => a -> Time+toTime = fromRational . toRational++-- | Convert a 'Time' to a value of any 'Fractional' type (such as+--   @Rational@, @Float@, or @Double@).+fromTime :: Fractional a => Time -> a+fromTime = fromRational . unTime++-- | An abstract type representing /elapsed time/ between two points+--   in time.  Note that durations can be negative. Literal numeric+--   values may be used as @Duration@s thanks to the 'Num' and+--   'Fractional' instances. 'toDuration' and 'fromDuration' are also+--   provided for convenience in converting between @Duration@s and+--   other numeric types.+newtype Duration = Duration { unDuration :: Rational }+  deriving ( Eq, Ord, Show, Read, Enum, Num, Fractional, Real, RealFrac+           , AdditiveGroup)++instance Newtype Duration Rational where+  pack   = Duration+  unpack = unDuration++instance VectorSpace Duration where+  type Scalar Duration = Rational+  s *^ (Duration d) = Duration (s * d)++instance AffineSpace Time where+  type Diff Time = Duration+  (Time t1) .-. (Time t2) = Duration (t1 - t2)+  (Time t) .+^ (Duration d) = Time (t + d)++-- | Convert any value of a 'Real' type (including @Int@, @Integer@,+--   @Rational@, @Float@, and @Double@) to a 'Duration'.+toDuration :: Real a => a -> Duration+toDuration = fromRational . toRational++-- | Convert a 'Duration' to any other 'Fractional' type (such as+--   @Rational@, @Float@, or @Double@).+fromDuration :: Fractional a => Duration -> a+fromDuration = fromRational . unDuration++-- | An @Era@ is a concrete span of time, that is, a pair of times+--   representing the start and end of the era. @Era@s form a+--   semigroup: the combination of two @Era@s is the smallest @Era@+--   which contains both.  They do not form a 'Monoid', since there is+--   no @Era@ which acts as the identity with respect to this+--   combining operation.+--+--   @Era@ is abstract. To construct @Era@ values, use 'mkEra'; to+--   deconstruct, use 'start' and 'end'.+newtype Era = Era (Min Time, Max Time)+  deriving (Semigroup, Show)++-- | Create an 'Era' by specifying start and end 'Time's.+mkEra :: Time -> Time -> Era+mkEra s e = Era (Min s, Max e)++-- | Get the start 'Time' of an 'Era'.+start :: Era -> Time+start (Era (Min t, _)) = t++-- | Get the end 'Time' of an 'Era'.+end :: Era -> Time+end (Era (_, Max t)) = t++-- | Compute the 'Duration' of an 'Era'.+duration :: Era -> Duration+duration = (.-.) <$> end <*> start++------------------------------------------------------------+-- Dynamic+------------------------------------------------------------++-- | A @Dynamic a@ can be thought of as an @a@ value that changes over+--   the course of a particular 'Era'.  It's envisioned that @Dynamic@+--   will be mostly an internal implementation detail and that+--   'Active' will be most commonly used.  But you never know what+--   uses people might find for things.+data Dynamic a = Dynamic { era        :: Era+                         , runDynamic :: Time -> a+                         }+  deriving (Functor)++-- | 'Dynamic' is an instance of 'Apply' (/i.e./ 'Applicative' without+--   'pure'): a time-varying function is applied to a time-varying+--   value pointwise; the era of the result is the combination of the+--   function and value eras.  Note, however, that 'Dynamic' is /not/+--   an instance of 'Applicative' since there is no way to implement+--   'pure': the era would have to be empty, but there is no such+--   thing as an empty era (that is, 'Era' is not an instance of+--   'Monoid').+instance Apply Dynamic where+  (Dynamic d1 f1) <.> (Dynamic d2 f2) = Dynamic (d1 <> d2) (f1 <.> f2)++-- | @'Dynamic' a@ is a 'Semigroup' whenever @a@ is: the eras are+--   combined according to their semigroup structure, and the values+--   of type @a@ are combined pointwise.  Note that @'Dynamic' a@ cannot+--   be an instance of 'Monoid' since 'Era' is not.+instance Semigroup a => Semigroup (Dynamic a) where+  Dynamic d1 f1 <> Dynamic d2 f2 = Dynamic (d1 <> d2) (f1 <> f2)++-- | Create a 'Dynamic' from a start time, an end time, and a+--   time-varying value.+mkDynamic :: Time -> Time -> (Time -> a) -> Dynamic a+mkDynamic s e = Dynamic (mkEra s e)++-- | Fold for 'Dynamic'.+onDynamic :: (Time -> Time -> (Time -> a) -> b) -> Dynamic a -> b+onDynamic f (Dynamic e d) = f (start e) (end e) d++-- | Shift a 'Dynamic' value by a certain duration.+shiftDynamic :: Duration -> Dynamic a -> Dynamic a+shiftDynamic sh =+  onDynamic $ \s e d ->+    mkDynamic+      (s .+^ sh)+      (e .+^ sh)+      (\t -> d (t .-^ sh))++------------------------------------------------------------+--  Active+------------------------------------------------------------++-- $active+-- For working with time-varying values, it is convenient to have an+-- 'Applicative' instance: '<*>' lets us apply time-varying+-- functions to time-varying values; 'pure' allows treating constants+-- as time-varying values which do not vary.  However, as explained in+-- its documentation, 'Dynamic' cannot be made an instance of+-- 'Applicative' since there is no way to implement 'pure'.  The+-- problem is that all 'Dynamic' values must have a finite start and+-- end time.  The solution is to adjoin a special constructor for+-- pure/constant values with no start or end time, giving us 'Active'.++-- | There are two types of @Active@ values:+--+--   * An 'Active' can simply be a 'Dynamic', that is, a time-varying+--     value with start and end times.+--+--   * An 'Active' value can also be a constant: a single value,+--     constant across time, with no start and end times.+--+--   The addition of constant values enable 'Monoid' and 'Applicative'+--   instances for 'Active'.+newtype Active a = Active (MaybeApply Dynamic a)+  deriving (Functor, Apply, Applicative)++instance Newtype (Active a) (MaybeApply Dynamic a) where+  pack              = Active+  unpack (Active m) = m++instance Newtype (MaybeApply f a) (Either (f a) a) where+  pack   = MaybeApply+  unpack = runMaybeApply++-- | Ideally this would be defined in the @newtype@ package.  If it is+--   ever added we can remove it from here.+over2 :: (Newtype n o, Newtype n' o', Newtype n'' o'')+      => (o -> n) -> (o -> o' -> o'') -> (n -> n' -> n'')+over2 _ f n1 n2 = pack (f (unpack n1) (unpack n2))++-- | Active values over a type with a 'Semigroup' instance are also an+--   instance of 'Semigroup'.  Two active values are combined+--   pointwise; the resulting value is constant iff both inputs are.+instance Semigroup a => Semigroup (Active a) where+  (<>) = (over2 Active . over2 MaybeApply) combine+   where+    combine (Right m1) (Right m2)+      = Right (m1 <> m2)++    combine (Left (Dynamic dur f)) (Right m)+      = Left (Dynamic dur (f <> const m))++    combine (Right m) (Left (Dynamic dur f))+      = Left (Dynamic dur (const m <> f))++    combine (Left d1) (Left d2)+      = Left (d1 <> d2)++instance (Monoid a, Semigroup a) => Monoid (Active a) where+  mempty  = Active (MaybeApply (Right mempty))+  mappend = (<>)++-- | Create an 'Active' value from a 'Dynamic'.+fromDynamic :: Dynamic a -> Active a+fromDynamic = Active . MaybeApply . Left++-- | Create a dynamic 'Active' from a start time, an end time, and a+--   time-varying value.+mkActive :: Time -> Time -> (Time -> a) -> Active a+mkActive s e f = fromDynamic (mkDynamic s e f)++-- | Fold for 'Active's.  Process an 'Active a', given a function to+--   apply if it is a pure (constant) value, and a function to apply if+--   it is a 'Dynamic'.+onActive :: (a -> b) -> (Dynamic a -> b) -> Active a -> b+onActive f _ (Active (MaybeApply (Right a))) = f a+onActive _ f (Active (MaybeApply (Left d)))  = f d++-- | Modify an 'Active' value using a case analysis to see whether it+--   is constant or dynamic.+modActive :: (a -> b) -> (Dynamic a -> Dynamic b) -> Active a -> Active b+modActive f g = onActive (pure . f) (fromDynamic . g)++-- | Interpret an 'Active' value as a function from time.+runActive :: Active a -> (Time -> a)+runActive = onActive const runDynamic++-- | Get the value of an @Active a@ at the beginning of its era.+activeStart :: Active a -> a+activeStart = onActive id (onDynamic $ \s _ d -> d s)++-- | Get the value of an @Active a@ at the end of its era.+activeEnd :: Active a -> a+activeEnd = onActive id (onDynamic $ \_ e d -> d e)++-- | Get the 'Era' of an 'Active' value (or 'Nothing' if it is+--   a constant/pure value).+activeEra :: Active a -> Maybe Era+activeEra = onActive (const Nothing) (Just . era)++-- | Test whether an 'Active' value is constant.+isConstant :: Active a -> Bool+isConstant = onActive (const True) (const False)++-- | Test whether an 'Active' value is 'Dynamic'.+isDynamic :: Active a -> Bool+isDynamic = onActive (const False) (const True)++------------------------------------------------------------+--  Combinators+------------------------------------------------------------++-- | @ui@ represents the /unit interval/, which takes on the value @t@+--   at time @t@, and has as its era @[0,1]@. It is equivalent to+--   @'interval' 0 1@, and can be visualized as follows:+--+--   <<http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~byorgey/hosted/ui.png>>+--+--   On the x-axis is time, and the value that @ui@ takes on is on the+--   y-axis.  The shaded portion represents the era.  Note that the+--   value of @ui@ (as with any active) is still defined outside its+--   era, and this can make a difference when it is combined with+--   other active values with different eras.  Applying a function+--   with 'fmap' affects all values, both inside and outside the era.+--   To manipulate values outside the era specifically, see 'clamp'+--   and 'trim'.+--+--   To alter the /values/ that @ui@ takes on without altering its+--   era, use its 'Functor' and 'Applicative' instances.  For example,+--   @(*2) \<$\> ui@ varies from @0@ to @2@ over the era @[0,1]@.  To+--   alter the era, you can use 'stretch' or 'shift'.+ui :: Fractional a => Active a+ui = interval 0 1++-- | @interval a b@ is an active value starting at time @a@, ending at+--   time @b@, and taking the value @t@ at time @t@.+interval :: Fractional a => Time -> Time -> Active a+interval a b = mkActive a b (fromRational . unTime)++-- | @stretch s act@ \"stretches\" the active @act@ so that it takes+--   @s@ times as long (retaining the same start time).+stretch :: Rational -> Active a -> Active a+stretch str =+  modActive id . onDynamic $ \s e d ->+    mkDynamic s (s .+^ (str *^ (e .-. s)))+      (\t -> d (s .+^ ((t .-. s) ^/ str)))++-- | @stretchTo d@ 'stretch'es an 'Active' so it has duration @d@.+--   Has no effect if (1) @d@ is non-positive, or (2) the 'Active'+--   value is constant, or (3) the 'Active' value has zero duration.+stretchTo :: Duration -> Active a -> Active a+stretchTo d a+  | d <= 0                               = a+  | (duration <$> activeEra a) == Just 0 = a+  | otherwise = maybe a (`stretch` a) ((toRational . (d /) . duration) <$> activeEra a)++-- | @a1 \`during\` a2@ 'stretch'es and 'shift's @a1@ so that it has the+--   same era as @a2@.  Has no effect if either of @a1@ or @a2@ are constant.+during :: Active a -> Active a -> Active a+during a1 a2 = maybe a1 (\(d,s) -> stretchTo d . atTime s $ a1)+                 ((duration &&& start) <$> activeEra a2)++-- | @shift d act@ shifts the start time of @act@ by duration @d@.+--   Has no effect on constant values.+shift :: Duration -> Active a -> Active a+shift sh = modActive id (shiftDynamic sh)++-- | Reverse an active value so the start of its era gets mapped to+--   the end and vice versa.  For example, @backwards 'ui'@ can be+--   visualized as+--+--   <<http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~byorgey/hosted/backwards.png>>+backwards :: Active a -> Active a+backwards =+  modActive id . onDynamic $ \s e d ->+    mkDynamic s e+      (\t -> d (e - t + s))++-- | Take a \"snapshot\" of an active value at a particular time,+--   resulting in a constant value.+snapshot :: Time -> Active a -> Active a+snapshot t a = pure (runActive a t)++-- | \"Clamp\" an active value so that it is constant before and after+--   its era.  Before the era, @clamp a@ takes on the value of @a@ at+--   the start of the era.  Likewise, after the era, @clamp a@ takes+--   on the value of @a@ at the end of the era. @clamp@ has no effect+--   on constant values.+--+--   For example, @clamp 'ui'@ can be visualized as+--+--   <<http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~byorgey/hosted/clamp.png>>+--+--   See also 'clampBefore' and 'clampAfter', which clamp only before+--   or after the era, respectively.+clamp :: Active a -> Active a+clamp =+  modActive id . onDynamic $ \s e d ->+    mkDynamic s e+      (\t -> case () of _ | t < s     -> d s+                          | t > e     -> d e+                          | otherwise -> d t+      )++-- | \"Clamp\" an active value so that it is constant before the start+--   of its era. For example, @clampBefore 'ui'@ can be visualized as+--+--   <<http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~byorgey/hosted/clampBefore.png>>+--+--   See the documentation of 'clamp' for more information.+clampBefore :: Active a -> Active a+clampBefore = undefined++-- | \"Clamp\" an active value so that it is constant after the end+--   of its era.  For example, @clampBefore 'ui'@ can be visualized as+--+--   <<http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~byorgey/hosted/clampAfter.png>>+--+--   See the documentation of 'clamp' for more information.+clampAfter :: Active a -> Active a+clampAfter = undefined++-- | \"Trim\" an active value so that it is empty outside its era.+--   @trim@ has no effect on constant values.+--+--   For example, @trim 'ui'@ can be visualized as+--+--   <<http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~byorgey/hosted/trim.png>>+--+--   Actually, @trim ui@ is not well-typed, since it is not guaranteed+--   that @ui@'s values will be monoidal (and usually they won't be)!+--   But the above image still provides a good intuitive idea of what+--   @trim@ is doing. To make this precise we could consider something+--   like @trim (First . Just <$> ui)@.+--+--   See also 'trimBefore' and 'trimActive', which trim only before or+--   after the era, respectively.+trim :: Monoid a => Active a -> Active a+trim =+  modActive id . onDynamic $ \s e d ->+    mkDynamic s e+      (\t -> case () of _ | t < s     -> mempty+                          | t > e     -> mempty+                          | otherwise -> d t+      )++-- | \"Trim\" an active value so that it is empty /before/ the start+--   of its era. For example, @trimBefore 'ui'@ can be visualized as+--+--   <<http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~byorgey/hosted/trimBefore.png>>+--+--   See the documentation of 'trim' for more details.+trimBefore :: Monoid a => Active a -> Active a+trimBefore =+  modActive id . onDynamic $ \s e d ->+    mkDynamic s e+      (\t -> case () of _ | t < s     -> mempty+                          | otherwise -> d t+      )++-- | \"Trim\" an active value so that it is empty /after/ the end+--   of its era.  For example, @trimAfter 'ui'@ can be visualized as+--+--   <<http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~byorgey/hosted/trimAfter.png>>+--+--   See the documentation of 'trim' for more details.+trimAfter :: Monoid a => Active a -> Active a+trimAfter =+  modActive id . onDynamic $ \s e d ->+    mkDynamic s e+      (\t -> case () of _ | t > e     -> mempty+                          | otherwise -> d t+      )++-- | Set the era of an 'Active' value.  Note that this will change a+--   constant 'Active' into a dynamic one which happens to have the+--   same value at all times.+setEra :: Era -> Active a -> Active a+setEra er =+  onActive+    (mkActive (start er) (end er) . const)+    (fromDynamic . onDynamic (\_ _ -> mkDynamic (start er) (end er)))++-- | @atTime t a@ is an active value with the same behavior as @a@,+--   shifted so that it starts at time @t@.  If @a@ is constant it is+--   returned unchanged.+atTime :: Time -> Active a -> Active a+atTime t a = maybe a (\e -> shift (t .-. start e) a) (activeEra a)++-- | @a1 \`after\` a2@ produces an active that behaves like @a1@ but is+--   shifted to start at the end time of @a2@.  If either @a1@ or @a2@+--   are constant, @a1@ is returned unchanged.+after :: Active a -> Active a -> Active a+after a1 a2 = maybe a1 ((`atTime` a1) . end) (activeEra a2)++infixr 5 ->>+++-- XXX illustrate++-- | Sequence/overlay two 'Active' values: shift the second to start+--   immediately after the first (using 'after'), then compose them+--   (using '<>').+(->>) :: Semigroup a => Active a -> Active a -> Active a+a1 ->> a2 = a1 <> (a2 `after` a1)+++-- XXX illustrate++-- | \"Splice\" two 'Active' values together: shift the second to+--   start immediately after the first (using 'after'), and produce+--   the value which acts like the first up to the common end/start+--   point, then like the second after that.  If both are constant,+--   return the first.+(|>>) :: Active a -> Active a -> Active a+a1 |>> a2 = (fromJust . getFirst) <$>+             (trimAfter (First . Just <$> a1) ->> trimBefore (First . Just <$> a2))++-- XXX implement 'movie' with a balanced fold++-- | Splice together a list of active values using '|>>'.  The list+--   must be nonempty.+movie :: [Active a] -> Active a+movie = foldr1 (|>>)++------------------------------------------------------------+--  Discretization+------------------------------------------------------------++-- | Create an @Active@ which takes on each value in the given list in+--   turn during the time @[0,1]@, with each value getting an equal+--   amount of time.  In other words, @discrete@ creates a \"slide+--   show\" that starts at time 0 and ends at time 1.  The first+--   element is used prior to time 0, and the last element is used+--   after time 1.+--+--   It is an error to call @discrete@ on the empty list.+discrete :: [a] -> Active a+discrete [] = error "Data.Active.discrete must be called with a non-empty list."+discrete xs = f <$> (ui :: Active Rational)+  where f t | t <= 0    = arr ! 0+            | t >= 1    = arr ! (n-1)+            | otherwise = arr ! floor (t * fromIntegral n)+        n   = length xs+        arr = listArray (0, n-1) xs++-- | @simulate r act@ simulates the 'Active' value @act@, returning a+--   list of \"snapshots\" taken at regular intervals from the start+--   time to the end time.  The interval used is determined by the+--   rate @r@, which denotes the \"frame rate\", that is, the number+--   of snapshots per unit time.+--+--   If the 'Active' value is constant (and thus has no start or end+--   times), a list of length 1 is returned, containing the constant+--   value.+simulate :: Rational -> Active a -> [a]+simulate rate =+  onActive (:[])+           (\d -> map (runDynamic d)+                      (let s = start (era d)+                           e = end   (era d)+                       in  [s, s + 1^/rate .. e]+                      )+           )
+ test/active-tests.hs view
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@+module Main where++import Control.Applicative+import Control.Monad   (when)+import Data.Semigroup++import System.Exit     (exitFailure)++import Test.QuickCheck+import Text.Printf     (printf)++import Data.Active+import Data.VectorSpace+import Data.AffineSpace++main :: IO ()+main = do+    results <- mapM (\(s,t) -> printf "%-40s" s >> t) tests+    when (not . all isSuccess $ results) $ exitFailure+  where+    isSuccess (Success{}) = True+    isSuccess _ = False+    qc x = quickCheckWithResult (stdArgs { maxSuccess = 200 }) x+    tests = [ ("era/start",                   qc prop_era_start          )+            , ("era/end",                     qc prop_era_end            )+            , ("duration",                    qc prop_duration           )+            , ("shiftDyn/start",              qc prop_shiftDynamic_start )+            , ("shiftDyn/end",                qc prop_shiftDynamic_end   )+            , ("shiftDyn/fun",                qc prop_shiftDynamic_fun   )+            , ("active/semi-hom",             qc prop_active_semi_hom    )+            , ("ui/id",                       qc prop_ui_id              )+            , ("stretch/start",               qc prop_stretch_start      )+            , ("stretch/dur",                 qc prop_stretch_dur        )+            , ("stretchTo/dur",               qc prop_stretchTo_dur      )+            , ("during/const",                qc prop_during_const       )+            , ("during/start",                qc prop_during_start       )+            , ("during/end",                  qc prop_during_end         )+            , ("shift/start",                 qc prop_shift_start        )+            , ("shift/end",                   qc prop_shift_end          )+--            , ("backwards",                   qc prop_backwards          )+            , ("atTime/start",                qc prop_atTime_start       )+            , ("atTime/fun",                  qc prop_atTime_fun         )+            ]++instance Arbitrary Any where+  arbitrary = Any <$> arbitrary++instance Arbitrary Time where+  arbitrary = fromRational <$> arbitrary++instance CoArbitrary Time where+  coarbitrary t = coarbitrary (toRational t)++instance Arbitrary Duration where+  arbitrary = (fromRational . abs) <$> arbitrary++instance Arbitrary a => Arbitrary (Dynamic a) where+  arbitrary = do+    s <- arbitrary+    d <- arbitrary+    mkDynamic <$> pure s <*> pure (s .+^ d) <*> arbitrary++instance Show (Dynamic a) where+  show (Dynamic e f) = "<" ++ show e ++ ">"++instance Arbitrary a => Arbitrary (Active a) where+  arbitrary = oneof [ pure <$> arbitrary+                    , fromDynamic <$> arbitrary+                    ]++instance Show a => Show (Active a) where+  show = onActive (\c -> "<<" ++ show c ++ ">>")+                  (\d -> show d)++prop_era_start :: Time -> Time -> Bool+prop_era_start t1 t2 = start (mkEra t1 t2) == t1++prop_era_end :: Time -> Time -> Bool+prop_era_end t1 t2 = end (mkEra t1 t2) == t2++prop_duration :: Time -> Time -> Bool+prop_duration t1 t2 = duration (mkEra t1 t2) == (t2 .-. t1)++prop_shiftDynamic_start :: Duration -> Dynamic Bool -> Bool+prop_shiftDynamic_start dur dyn+  = (start . era) (shiftDynamic dur dyn) == ((start . era) dyn .+^ dur)++prop_shiftDynamic_end :: Duration -> Dynamic Bool -> Bool+prop_shiftDynamic_end dur dyn+  = (end . era) (shiftDynamic dur dyn) == ((end . era) dyn .+^ dur)++prop_shiftDynamic_fun :: Duration -> Dynamic Bool -> Time -> Bool+prop_shiftDynamic_fun dur dyn t+  = runDynamic dyn t == runDynamic (shiftDynamic dur dyn) (t .+^ dur)++prop_active_semi_hom :: Active Any -> Active Any -> Time -> Bool+prop_active_semi_hom a1 a2 t =+  runActive a1 t <> runActive a2 t == runActive (a1 <> a2) t++prop_ui_id :: Time -> Bool+prop_ui_id t = runActive (ui :: Active Time) t == t++prop_stretch_start :: Rational -> Active Bool -> Bool+prop_stretch_start r a+  = (start <$> activeEra a) == (start <$> activeEra (stretch r a))++prop_stretch_dur :: Rational -> Active Bool -> Bool+prop_stretch_dur r a+  = (((r *^) . duration) <$> activeEra a) == (duration <$> activeEra (stretch r a))++{-+prop_stretch_fun :: Rational -> Blind (Active Bool) -> Time -> Bool+prop_stretch_fun r (Blind a) t+  = runActive a t    runActive (stretch r t)+-}++prop_stretchTo_dur :: Positive Duration -> Active Bool -> Property+prop_stretchTo_dur (Positive dur) a+  = isDynamic a && ((duration <$> activeEra a) /= Just 0)+    ==> (duration <$> activeEra (stretchTo dur a)) == Just dur++prop_during_const :: Active Bool -> Active Bool -> Property+prop_during_const a1 a2 =+  (isConstant a1 || isConstant a2) ==> (start <$> activeEra (a1 `during` a2)) == (start <$> activeEra a1)++prop_during_start :: Dynamic Bool -> Dynamic Bool -> Bool+prop_during_start d1 d2 =+  (start <$> activeEra (a1 `during` a2)) == (start <$> activeEra a2)+ where a1 = fromDynamic d1+       a2 = fromDynamic d2++prop_during_end :: Dynamic Bool -> Dynamic Bool -> Bool+prop_during_end d1 d2 =+  (end <$> activeEra (a1 `during` a2)) == (end <$> activeEra a2)+ where a1 = fromDynamic d1+       a2 = fromDynamic d2++prop_shift_start :: Duration -> Active Bool -> Bool+prop_shift_start d a =+  ((.+^ d) . start <$> activeEra a) == (start <$> activeEra (shift d a))++prop_shift_end :: Duration -> Active Bool -> Bool+prop_shift_end d a =+  ((.+^ d) . end <$> activeEra a) == (end <$> activeEra (shift d a))++prop_atTime_start :: Time -> Dynamic Bool -> Bool+prop_atTime_start t dyn =+    (start <$> activeEra (atTime t a)) == Just t+  where a = fromDynamic dyn++prop_atTime_fun :: Time -> Dynamic Bool -> Duration -> Bool+prop_atTime_fun t dyn d =+    runActive (atTime t a) (t .+^ d) == runActive a (s .+^ d)+  where a = fromDynamic dyn+        s = start (era dyn)