VulkanMemoryAllocator 0.9 → 0.10

raw patch · 5 files changed

+24722/−24815 lines, 5 filesdep ~vulkanPVP ok

version bump matches the API change (PVP)

Dependency ranges changed: vulkan

API changes (from Hackage documentation)

Files

• VulkanMemoryAllocator.cabal +2/−2
• VulkanMemoryAllocator/include/vk_mem_alloc.h +19583/−19824
• changelog.md +5/−0
• package.yaml +2/−2
• src/VulkanMemoryAllocator.hs +5130/−4987

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ -- see: https://github.com/sol/hpack  name:           VulkanMemoryAllocator-version:        0.9+version:        0.10 synopsis:       Bindings to the VulkanMemoryAllocator library category:       Graphics homepage:       https://github.com/expipiplus1/vulkan#readme@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@     , bytestring     , transformers     , vector-    , vulkan >=3.6 && <3.17+    , vulkan >=3.6 && <3.18   if flag(safe-foreign-calls)     cpp-options: -DSAFE_FOREIGN_CALLS   if flag(vma-ndebug)

@@ -25,19828 +25,19587 @@ 
 /** \mainpage Vulkan Memory Allocator
 
-<b>Version 3.0.0-development</b>
-
-Copyright (c) 2017-2022 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. \n
-License: MIT
-
-<b>API documentation divided into groups:</b> [Modules](modules.html)
-
-\section main_table_of_contents Table of contents
-
-- <b>User guide</b>
-  - \subpage quick_start
-    - [Project setup](@ref quick_start_project_setup)
-    - [Initialization](@ref quick_start_initialization)
-    - [Resource allocation](@ref quick_start_resource_allocation)
-  - \subpage choosing_memory_type
-    - [Usage](@ref choosing_memory_type_usage)
-    - [Required and preferred flags](@ref choosing_memory_type_required_preferred_flags)
-    - [Explicit memory types](@ref choosing_memory_type_explicit_memory_types)
-    - [Custom memory pools](@ref choosing_memory_type_custom_memory_pools)
-    - [Dedicated allocations](@ref choosing_memory_type_dedicated_allocations)
-  - \subpage memory_mapping
-    - [Mapping functions](@ref memory_mapping_mapping_functions)
-    - [Persistently mapped memory](@ref memory_mapping_persistently_mapped_memory)
-    - [Cache flush and invalidate](@ref memory_mapping_cache_control)
-    - [Finding out if memory is mappable](@ref memory_mapping_finding_if_memory_mappable)
-  - \subpage staying_within_budget
-    - [Querying for budget](@ref staying_within_budget_querying_for_budget)
-    - [Controlling memory usage](@ref staying_within_budget_controlling_memory_usage)
-  - \subpage resource_aliasing
-  - \subpage custom_memory_pools
-    - [Choosing memory type index](@ref custom_memory_pools_MemTypeIndex)
-    - [Linear allocation algorithm](@ref linear_algorithm)
-      - [Free-at-once](@ref linear_algorithm_free_at_once)
-      - [Stack](@ref linear_algorithm_stack)
-      - [Double stack](@ref linear_algorithm_double_stack)
-      - [Ring buffer](@ref linear_algorithm_ring_buffer)
-    - [Buddy allocation algorithm](@ref buddy_algorithm)
-  - \subpage defragmentation
-      - [Defragmenting CPU memory](@ref defragmentation_cpu)
-      - [Defragmenting GPU memory](@ref defragmentation_gpu)
-      - [Additional notes](@ref defragmentation_additional_notes)
-      - [Writing custom allocation algorithm](@ref defragmentation_custom_algorithm)
-  - \subpage statistics
-    - [Numeric statistics](@ref statistics_numeric_statistics)
-    - [JSON dump](@ref statistics_json_dump)
-  - \subpage allocation_annotation
-    - [Allocation user data](@ref allocation_user_data)
-    - [Allocation names](@ref allocation_names)
-  - \subpage virtual_allocator
-  - \subpage debugging_memory_usage
-    - [Memory initialization](@ref debugging_memory_usage_initialization)
-    - [Margins](@ref debugging_memory_usage_margins)
-    - [Corruption detection](@ref debugging_memory_usage_corruption_detection)
-  - \subpage opengl_interop
-- \subpage usage_patterns
-  - [Common mistakes](@ref usage_patterns_common_mistakes)
-  - [Simple patterns](@ref usage_patterns_simple)
-  - [Advanced patterns](@ref usage_patterns_advanced)
-- \subpage configuration
-  - [Pointers to Vulkan functions](@ref config_Vulkan_functions)
-  - [Custom host memory allocator](@ref custom_memory_allocator)
-  - [Device memory allocation callbacks](@ref allocation_callbacks)
-  - [Device heap memory limit](@ref heap_memory_limit)
-  - \subpage vk_khr_dedicated_allocation
-  - \subpage enabling_buffer_device_address
-  - \subpage vk_amd_device_coherent_memory
-- \subpage general_considerations
-  - [Thread safety](@ref general_considerations_thread_safety)
-  - [Validation layer warnings](@ref general_considerations_validation_layer_warnings)
-  - [Allocation algorithm](@ref general_considerations_allocation_algorithm)
-  - [Features not supported](@ref general_considerations_features_not_supported)
-
-\section main_see_also See also
-
-- [Product page on GPUOpen](https://gpuopen.com/gaming-product/vulkan-memory-allocator/)
-- [Source repository on GitHub](https://github.com/GPUOpen-LibrariesAndSDKs/VulkanMemoryAllocator)
-
-\defgroup group_init Library initialization
-
-\brief API elements related to the initialization and management of the entire library, especially #VmaAllocator object.
-
-\defgroup group_alloc Memory allocation
-
-\brief API elements related to the allocation, deallocation, and management of Vulkan memory, buffers, images.
-Most basic ones being: vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage().
-
-\defgroup group_virtual Virtual allocator
-
-\brief API elements related to the mechanism of \ref virtual_allocator - using the core allocation algorithm
-for user-defined purpose without allocating any real GPU memory.
-
-\defgroup group_stats Statistics
-
-\brief API elements that query current status of the allocator, from memory usage, budget, to full dump of the internal state in JSON format.
-*/
-
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-// Define this macro to declare maximum supported Vulkan version in format AAABBBCCC,
-// where AAA = major, BBB = minor, CCC = patch.
-// If you want to use version > 1.0, it still needs to be enabled via VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::vulkanApiVersion.
-#if !defined(VMA_VULKAN_VERSION)
-    #if defined(VK_VERSION_1_3)
-        #define VMA_VULKAN_VERSION 1003000
-    #elif defined(VK_VERSION_1_2)
-        #define VMA_VULKAN_VERSION 1002000
-    #elif defined(VK_VERSION_1_1)
-        #define VMA_VULKAN_VERSION 1001000
-    #else
-        #define VMA_VULKAN_VERSION 1000000
-    #endif
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__ANDROID__) && defined(VK_NO_PROTOTYPES) && VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS
-    extern PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr vkGetInstanceProcAddr;
-    extern PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr vkGetDeviceProcAddr;
-    extern PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties;
-    extern PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties;
-    extern PFN_vkAllocateMemory vkAllocateMemory;
-    extern PFN_vkFreeMemory vkFreeMemory;
-    extern PFN_vkMapMemory vkMapMemory;
-    extern PFN_vkUnmapMemory vkUnmapMemory;
-    extern PFN_vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges;
-    extern PFN_vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges;
-    extern PFN_vkBindBufferMemory vkBindBufferMemory;
-    extern PFN_vkBindImageMemory vkBindImageMemory;
-    extern PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements;
-    extern PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements vkGetImageMemoryRequirements;
-    extern PFN_vkCreateBuffer vkCreateBuffer;
-    extern PFN_vkDestroyBuffer vkDestroyBuffer;
-    extern PFN_vkCreateImage vkCreateImage;
-    extern PFN_vkDestroyImage vkDestroyImage;
-    extern PFN_vkCmdCopyBuffer vkCmdCopyBuffer;
-    #if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
-        extern PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2 vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2;
-        extern PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2;
-        extern PFN_vkBindBufferMemory2 vkBindBufferMemory2;
-        extern PFN_vkBindImageMemory2 vkBindImageMemory2;
-        extern PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2 vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2;
-    #endif // #if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
-#endif // #if defined(__ANDROID__) && VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS && VK_NO_PROTOTYPES
-
-#ifndef VULKAN_H_
-    #include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(VK_VERSION_1_2)
-    // This one is tricky. Vulkan specification defines this code as available since
-    // Vulkan 1.0, but doesn't actually define it in Vulkan SDK earlier than 1.2.131.
-    // See pull request #207.
-    #define VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN ((VkResult)-13)
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION)
-    #if VK_KHR_get_memory_requirements2 && VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation
-        #define VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION 1
-    #else
-        #define VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION 0
-    #endif
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(VMA_BIND_MEMORY2)
-    #if VK_KHR_bind_memory2
-        #define VMA_BIND_MEMORY2 1
-    #else
-        #define VMA_BIND_MEMORY2 0
-    #endif
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET)
-    #if VK_EXT_memory_budget && (VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2 || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000)
-        #define VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET 1
-    #else
-        #define VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET 0
-    #endif
-#endif
-
-// Defined to 1 when VK_KHR_buffer_device_address device extension or equivalent core Vulkan 1.2 feature is defined in its headers.
-#if !defined(VMA_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS)
-    #if VK_KHR_buffer_device_address || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1002000
-        #define VMA_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS 1
-    #else
-        #define VMA_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS 0
-    #endif
-#endif
-
-// Defined to 1 when VK_EXT_memory_priority device extension is defined in Vulkan headers.
-#if !defined(VMA_MEMORY_PRIORITY)
-    #if VK_EXT_memory_priority
-        #define VMA_MEMORY_PRIORITY 1
-    #else
-        #define VMA_MEMORY_PRIORITY 0
-    #endif
-#endif
-
-// Defined to 1 when VK_KHR_external_memory device extension is defined in Vulkan headers.
-#if !defined(VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY)
-    #if VK_KHR_external_memory
-        #define VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY 1
-    #else
-        #define VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY 0
-    #endif
-#endif
-
-// Define these macros to decorate all public functions with additional code,
-// before and after returned type, appropriately. This may be useful for
-// exporting the functions when compiling VMA as a separate library. Example:
-// #define VMA_CALL_PRE  __declspec(dllexport)
-// #define VMA_CALL_POST __cdecl
-#ifndef VMA_CALL_PRE
-    #define VMA_CALL_PRE
-#endif
-#ifndef VMA_CALL_POST
-    #define VMA_CALL_POST
-#endif
-
-// Define this macro to decorate pointers with an attribute specifying the
-// length of the array they point to if they are not null.
-//
-// The length may be one of
-// - The name of another parameter in the argument list where the pointer is declared
-// - The name of another member in the struct where the pointer is declared
-// - The name of a member of a struct type, meaning the value of that member in
-//   the context of the call. For example
-//   VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL("VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties::memoryHeapCount"),
-//   this means the number of memory heaps available in the device associated
-//   with the VmaAllocator being dealt with.
-#ifndef VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL
-    #define VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(len)
-#endif
-
-// The VMA_NULLABLE macro is defined to be _Nullable when compiling with Clang.
-// see: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/AttributeReference.html#nullable
-#ifndef VMA_NULLABLE
-    #ifdef __clang__
-        #define VMA_NULLABLE _Nullable
-    #else
-        #define VMA_NULLABLE
-    #endif
-#endif
-
-// The VMA_NOT_NULL macro is defined to be _Nonnull when compiling with Clang.
-// see: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/AttributeReference.html#nonnull
-#ifndef VMA_NOT_NULL
-    #ifdef __clang__
-        #define VMA_NOT_NULL _Nonnull
-    #else
-        #define VMA_NOT_NULL
-    #endif
-#endif
-
-// If non-dispatchable handles are represented as pointers then we can give
-// then nullability annotations
-#ifndef VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE
-    #if defined(__LP64__) || defined(_WIN64) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__ILP32__) ) || defined(_M_X64) || defined(__ia64) || defined (_M_IA64) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
-        #define VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE VMA_NOT_NULL
-    #else
-        #define VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE
-    #endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE
-    #if defined(__LP64__) || defined(_WIN64) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__ILP32__) ) || defined(_M_X64) || defined(__ia64) || defined (_M_IA64) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
-        #define VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE VMA_NULLABLE
-    #else
-        #define VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE
-    #endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-    #define VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED 1
-#endif
-
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// 
-//    INTERFACE
-// 
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-// Sections for managing code placement in file, only for development purposes e.g. for convenient folding inside an IDE.
-#ifndef _VMA_ENUM_DECLARATIONS
-
-/**
-\addtogroup group_init
-@{
-*/
-
-/// Flags for created #VmaAllocator.
-typedef enum VmaAllocatorCreateFlagBits
-{
-    /** \brief Allocator and all objects created from it will not be synchronized internally, so you must guarantee they are used from only one thread at a time or synchronized externally by you.
-
-    Using this flag may increase performance because internal mutexes are not used.
-    */
-    VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT = 0x00000001,
-    /** \brief Enables usage of VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation extension.
-
-    The flag works only if VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::vulkanApiVersion `== VK_API_VERSION_1_0`.
-    When it is `VK_API_VERSION_1_1`, the flag is ignored because the extension has been promoted to Vulkan 1.1.
-
-    Using this extension will automatically allocate dedicated blocks of memory for
-    some buffers and images instead of suballocating place for them out of bigger
-    memory blocks (as if you explicitly used #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT
-    flag) when it is recommended by the driver. It may improve performance on some
-    GPUs.
-
-    You may set this flag only if you found out that following device extensions are
-    supported, you enabled them while creating Vulkan device passed as
-    VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::device, and you want them to be used internally by this
-    library:
-
-    - VK_KHR_get_memory_requirements2 (device extension)
-    - VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation (device extension)
-
-    When this flag is set, you can experience following warnings reported by Vulkan
-    validation layer. You can ignore them.
-
-    > vkBindBufferMemory(): Binding memory to buffer 0x2d but vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements() has not been called on that buffer.
-    */
-    VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT = 0x00000002,
-    /**
-    Enables usage of VK_KHR_bind_memory2 extension.
-
-    The flag works only if VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::vulkanApiVersion `== VK_API_VERSION_1_0`.
-    When it is `VK_API_VERSION_1_1`, the flag is ignored because the extension has been promoted to Vulkan 1.1.
-
-    You may set this flag only if you found out that this device extension is supported,
-    you enabled it while creating Vulkan device passed as VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::device,
-    and you want it to be used internally by this library.
-
-    The extension provides functions `vkBindBufferMemory2KHR` and `vkBindImageMemory2KHR`,
-    which allow to pass a chain of `pNext` structures while binding.
-    This flag is required if you use `pNext` parameter in vmaBindBufferMemory2() or vmaBindImageMemory2().
-    */
-    VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_BIND_MEMORY2_BIT = 0x00000004,
-    /**
-    Enables usage of VK_EXT_memory_budget extension.
-
-    You may set this flag only if you found out that this device extension is supported,
-    you enabled it while creating Vulkan device passed as VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::device,
-    and you want it to be used internally by this library, along with another instance extension
-    VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2, which is required by it (or Vulkan 1.1, where this extension is promoted).
-
-    The extension provides query for current memory usage and budget, which will probably
-    be more accurate than an estimation used by the library otherwise.
-    */
-    VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_BUDGET_BIT = 0x00000008,
-    /**
-    Enables usage of VK_AMD_device_coherent_memory extension.
-
-    You may set this flag only if you:
-
-    - found out that this device extension is supported and enabled it while creating Vulkan device passed as VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::device,
-    - checked that `VkPhysicalDeviceCoherentMemoryFeaturesAMD::deviceCoherentMemory` is true and set it while creating the Vulkan device,
-    - want it to be used internally by this library.
-
-    The extension and accompanying device feature provide access to memory types with
-    `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_COHERENT_BIT_AMD` and `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_UNCACHED_BIT_AMD` flags.
-    They are useful mostly for writing breadcrumb markers - a common method for debugging GPU crash/hang/TDR.
-
-    When the extension is not enabled, such memory types are still enumerated, but their usage is illegal.
-    To protect from this error, if you don't create the allocator with this flag, it will refuse to allocate any memory or create a custom pool in such memory type,
-    returning `VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT`.
-    */
-    VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_AMD_DEVICE_COHERENT_MEMORY_BIT = 0x00000010,
-    /**
-    Enables usage of "buffer device address" feature, which allows you to use function
-    `vkGetBufferDeviceAddress*` to get raw GPU pointer to a buffer and pass it for usage inside a shader.
-
-    You may set this flag only if you:
-
-    1. (For Vulkan version < 1.2) Found as available and enabled device extension
-    VK_KHR_buffer_device_address.
-    This extension is promoted to core Vulkan 1.2.
-    2. Found as available and enabled device feature `VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures::bufferDeviceAddress`.
-
-    When this flag is set, you can create buffers with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` using VMA.
-    The library automatically adds `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` to
-    allocated memory blocks wherever it might be needed.
-
-    For more information, see documentation chapter \ref enabling_buffer_device_address.
-    */
-    VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT = 0x00000020,
-    /**
-    Enables usage of VK_EXT_memory_priority extension in the library.
-
-    You may set this flag only if you found available and enabled this device extension,
-    along with `VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryPriorityFeaturesEXT::memoryPriority == VK_TRUE`,
-    while creating Vulkan device passed as VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::device.
-
-    When this flag is used, VmaAllocationCreateInfo::priority and VmaPoolCreateInfo::priority
-    are used to set priorities of allocated Vulkan memory. Without it, these variables are ignored.
-
-    A priority must be a floating-point value between 0 and 1, indicating the priority of the allocation relative to other memory allocations.
-    Larger values are higher priority. The granularity of the priorities is implementation-dependent.
-    It is automatically passed to every call to `vkAllocateMemory` done by the library using structure `VkMemoryPriorityAllocateInfoEXT`.
-    The value to be used for default priority is 0.5.
-    For more details, see the documentation of the VK_EXT_memory_priority extension.
-    */
-    VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_PRIORITY_BIT = 0x00000040,
-
-    VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF
-} VmaAllocatorCreateFlagBits;
-typedef VkFlags VmaAllocatorCreateFlags;
-
-/** @} */
-
-/**
-\addtogroup group_alloc
-@{
-*/
-
-/// \brief Intended usage of the allocated memory.
-typedef enum VmaMemoryUsage
-{
-    /** No intended memory usage specified.
-    Use other members of VmaAllocationCreateInfo to specify your requirements.
-    */
-    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_UNKNOWN = 0,
-    /** Memory will be used on device only, so fast access from the device is preferred.
-    It usually means device-local GPU (video) memory.
-    No need to be mappable on host.
-    It is roughly equivalent of `D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_DEFAULT`.
-
-    Usage:
-
-    - Resources written and read by device, e.g. images used as attachments.
-    - Resources transferred from host once (immutable) or infrequently and read by
-      device multiple times, e.g. textures to be sampled, vertex buffers, uniform
-      (constant) buffers, and majority of other types of resources used on GPU.
-
-    Allocation may still end up in `HOST_VISIBLE` memory on some implementations.
-    In such case, you are free to map it.
-    You can use #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT with this usage type.
-    */
-    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY = 1,
-    /** Memory will be mappable on host.
-    It usually means CPU (system) memory.
-    Guarantees to be `HOST_VISIBLE` and `HOST_COHERENT`.
-    CPU access is typically uncached. Writes may be write-combined.
-    Resources created in this pool may still be accessible to the device, but access to them can be slow.
-    It is roughly equivalent of `D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_UPLOAD`.
-
-    Usage: Staging copy of resources used as transfer source.
-    */
-    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY = 2,
-    /**
-    Memory that is both mappable on host (guarantees to be `HOST_VISIBLE`) and preferably fast to access by GPU.
-    CPU access is typically uncached. Writes may be write-combined.
-
-    Usage: Resources written frequently by host (dynamic), read by device. E.g. textures (with LINEAR layout), vertex buffers, uniform buffers updated every frame or every draw call.
-    */
-    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU = 3,
-    /** Memory mappable on host (guarantees to be `HOST_VISIBLE`) and cached.
-    It is roughly equivalent of `D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_READBACK`.
-
-    Usage:
-
-    - Resources written by device, read by host - results of some computations, e.g. screen capture, average scene luminance for HDR tone mapping.
-    - Any resources read or accessed randomly on host, e.g. CPU-side copy of vertex buffer used as source of transfer, but also used for collision detection.
-    */
-    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_TO_CPU = 4,
-    /** CPU memory - memory that is preferably not `DEVICE_LOCAL`, but also not guaranteed to be `HOST_VISIBLE`.
-
-    Usage: Staging copy of resources moved from GPU memory to CPU memory as part
-    of custom paging/residency mechanism, to be moved back to GPU memory when needed.
-    */
-    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_COPY = 5,
-    /** Lazily allocated GPU memory having `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT`.
-    Exists mostly on mobile platforms. Using it on desktop PC or other GPUs with no such memory type present will fail the allocation.
-
-    Usage: Memory for transient attachment images (color attachments, depth attachments etc.), created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`.
-
-    Allocations with this usage are always created as dedicated - it implies #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT.
-    */
-    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_LAZILY_ALLOCATED = 6,
-
-    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF
-} VmaMemoryUsage;
-
-/// Flags to be passed as VmaAllocationCreateInfo::flags.
-typedef enum VmaAllocationCreateFlagBits
-{
-    /** \brief Set this flag if the allocation should have its own memory block.
-
-    Use it for special, big resources, like fullscreen images used as attachments.
-    */
-    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT = 0x00000001,
-
-    /** \brief Set this flag to only try to allocate from existing `VkDeviceMemory` blocks and never create new such block.
-
-    If new allocation cannot be placed in any of the existing blocks, allocation
-    fails with `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY` error.
-
-    You should not use #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT and
-    #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT at the same time. It makes no sense.
-
-    If VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pool is not null, this flag is implied and ignored. */
-    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT = 0x00000002,
-    /** \brief Set this flag to use a memory that will be persistently mapped and retrieve pointer to it.
-
-    Pointer to mapped memory will be returned through VmaAllocationInfo::pMappedData.
-
-    It is valid to use this flag for allocation made from memory type that is not
-    `HOST_VISIBLE`. This flag is then ignored and memory is not mapped. This is
-    useful if you need an allocation that is efficient to use on GPU
-    (`DEVICE_LOCAL`) and still want to map it directly if possible on platforms that
-    support it (e.g. Intel GPU).
-    */
-    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT = 0x00000004,
-    /// \deprecated Removed. Do not use.
-    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_RESERVED_1_BIT = 0x00000008,
-    /// \deprecated Removed. Do not use.
-    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_RESERVED_2_BIT = 0x00000010,
-    /** Set this flag to treat VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pUserData as pointer to a
-    null-terminated string. Instead of copying pointer value, a local copy of the
-    string is made and stored in allocation's `pUserData`. The string is automatically
-    freed together with the allocation. It is also used in vmaBuildStatsString().
-    */
-    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT = 0x00000020,
-    /** Allocation will be created from upper stack in a double stack pool.
-
-    This flag is only allowed for custom pools created with #VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT flag.
-    */
-    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT = 0x00000040,
-    /** Create both buffer/image and allocation, but don't bind them together.
-    It is useful when you want to bind yourself to do some more advanced binding, e.g. using some extensions.
-    The flag is meaningful only with functions that bind by default: vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage().
-    Otherwise it is ignored.
-    */
-    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DONT_BIND_BIT = 0x00000080,
-    /** Create allocation only if additional device memory required for it, if any, won't exceed
-    memory budget. Otherwise return `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`.
-    */
-    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_WITHIN_BUDGET_BIT = 0x00000100,
-    /** \brief Set this flag if the allocated memory will have aliasing resources.
-    *
-    Usage of this flag prevents supplying `VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfoKHR` when #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT is specified.
-    Otherwise created dedicated memory will not be suitable for aliasing resources, resulting in Vulkan Validation Layer errors.
-    */
-    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_ALIAS_BIT = 0x00000200,
-    /** Allocation strategy that chooses smallest possible free range for the allocation
-    to minimize memory usage and fragmentation, possibly at the expense of allocation time.
-    */
-    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT = 0x00010000,
-    /** Allocation strategy that chooses first suitable free range for the allocation -
-    not necessarily in terms of the smallest offset but the one that is easiest and fastest to find
-    to minimize allocation time, possibly at the expense of allocation quality.
-    */
-    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT = 0x00020000,
-    /** Alias to #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT.
-    */
-    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_BEST_FIT_BIT = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT,
-    /** Alias to #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT.
-    */
-    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_FIRST_FIT_BIT = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT,
-    /** A bit mask to extract only `STRATEGY` bits from entire set of flags.
-    */
-    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MASK =
-        VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT |
-        VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT,
-
-    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF
-} VmaAllocationCreateFlagBits;
-typedef VkFlags VmaAllocationCreateFlags;
-
-/// Flags to be passed as VmaPoolCreateInfo::flags.
-typedef enum VmaPoolCreateFlagBits
-{
-    /** \brief Use this flag if you always allocate only buffers and linear images or only optimal images out of this pool and so Buffer-Image Granularity can be ignored.
-
-    This is an optional optimization flag.
-
-    If you always allocate using vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage(),
-    vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer(), then you don't need to use it because allocator
-    knows exact type of your allocations so it can handle Buffer-Image Granularity
-    in the optimal way.
-
-    If you also allocate using vmaAllocateMemoryForImage() or vmaAllocateMemory(),
-    exact type of such allocations is not known, so allocator must be conservative
-    in handling Buffer-Image Granularity, which can lead to suboptimal allocation
-    (wasted memory). In that case, if you can make sure you always allocate only
-    buffers and linear images or only optimal images out of this pool, use this flag
-    to make allocator disregard Buffer-Image Granularity and so make allocations
-    faster and more optimal.
-    */
-    VMA_POOL_CREATE_IGNORE_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY_BIT = 0x00000002,
-
-    /** \brief Enables alternative, linear allocation algorithm in this pool.
-
-    Specify this flag to enable linear allocation algorithm, which always creates
-    new allocations after last one and doesn't reuse space from allocations freed in
-    between. It trades memory consumption for simplified algorithm and data
-    structure, which has better performance and uses less memory for metadata.
-
-    By using this flag, you can achieve behavior of free-at-once, stack,
-    ring buffer, and double stack.
-    For details, see documentation chapter \ref linear_algorithm.
-    */
-    VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT = 0x00000004,
-
-    /** \brief Enables alternative, buddy allocation algorithm in this pool.
-
-    It operates on a tree of blocks, each having size that is a power of two and
-    a half of its parent's size. Comparing to default algorithm, this one provides
-    faster allocation and deallocation and decreased external fragmentation,
-    at the expense of more memory wasted (internal fragmentation).
-    For details, see documentation chapter \ref buddy_algorithm.
-    */
-    VMA_POOL_CREATE_BUDDY_ALGORITHM_BIT = 0x00000008,
-
-    /** \brief Enables alternative, Two-Level Segregated Fit (TLSF) allocation algorithm in this pool.
-
-    This algorithm is based on 2-level lists dividing address space into smaller
-    chunks. The first level is aligned to power of two which serves as buckets for requested
-    memory to fall into, and the second level is lineary subdivided into lists of free memory.
-    This algorithm aims to achieve bounded response time even in the worst case scenario.
-    Allocation time can be sometimes slightly longer than compared to other algorithms
-    but in return the application can avoid stalls in case of fragmentation, giving
-    predictable results, suitable for real-time use cases.
-    */
-    VMA_POOL_CREATE_TLSF_ALGORITHM_BIT = 0x00000010,
-
-    /** Bit mask to extract only `ALGORITHM` bits from entire set of flags.
-    */
-    VMA_POOL_CREATE_ALGORITHM_MASK =
-        VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT |
-        VMA_POOL_CREATE_BUDDY_ALGORITHM_BIT |
-        VMA_POOL_CREATE_TLSF_ALGORITHM_BIT,
-
-    VMA_POOL_CREATE_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF
-} VmaPoolCreateFlagBits;
-/// Flags to be passed as VmaPoolCreateInfo::flags. See #VmaPoolCreateFlagBits.
-typedef VkFlags VmaPoolCreateFlags;
-
-/// Flags to be used in vmaDefragmentationBegin(). None at the moment. Reserved for future use.
-typedef enum VmaDefragmentationFlagBits
-{
-    VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_INCREMENTAL = 0x1,
-    VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF
-} VmaDefragmentationFlagBits;
-typedef VkFlags VmaDefragmentationFlags;
-
-/** @} */
-
-/**
-\addtogroup group_virtual
-@{
-*/
-
-/// Flags to be passed as VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo::flags.
-typedef enum VmaVirtualBlockCreateFlagBits
-{
-    /** \brief Enables alternative, linear allocation algorithm in this virtual block.
-
-    Specify this flag to enable linear allocation algorithm, which always creates
-    new allocations after last one and doesn't reuse space from allocations freed in
-    between. It trades memory consumption for simplified algorithm and data
-    structure, which has better performance and uses less memory for metadata.
-
-    By using this flag, you can achieve behavior of free-at-once, stack,
-    ring buffer, and double stack.
-    For details, see documentation chapter \ref linear_algorithm.
-    */
-    VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT = 0x00000001,
-
-    /** \brief Enables alternative, buddy allocation algorithm in this virtual block.
-
-    It operates on a tree of blocks, each having size that is a power of two and
-    a half of its parent's size. Comparing to default algorithm, this one provides
-    faster allocation and deallocation and decreased external fragmentation,
-    at the expense of more memory wasted (internal fragmentation).
-    For details, see documentation chapter \ref buddy_algorithm.
-    */
-    VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_BUDDY_ALGORITHM_BIT = 0x00000002,
-
-    /** \brief Enables alternative, TLSF allocation algorithm in virtual block.
-
-    This algorithm is based on 2-level lists dividing address space into smaller
-    chunks. The first level is aligned to power of two which serves as buckets for requested
-    memory to fall into, and the second level is lineary subdivided into lists of free memory.
-    This algorithm aims to achieve bounded response time even in the worst case scenario.
-    Allocation time can be sometimes slightly longer than compared to other algorithms
-    but in return the application can avoid stalls in case of fragmentation, giving
-    predictable results, suitable for real-time use cases.
-    */
-    VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_TLSF_ALGORITHM_BIT = 0x00000004,
-
-    /** \brief Bit mask to extract only `ALGORITHM` bits from entire set of flags.
-    */
-    VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_ALGORITHM_MASK =
-        VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT |
-        VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_BUDDY_ALGORITHM_BIT |
-        VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_TLSF_ALGORITHM_BIT,
-
-    VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF
-} VmaVirtualBlockCreateFlagBits;
-/// Flags to be passed as VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo::flags. See #VmaVirtualBlockCreateFlagBits.
-typedef VkFlags VmaVirtualBlockCreateFlags;
-
-/// Flags to be passed as VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo::flags.
-typedef enum VmaVirtualAllocationCreateFlagBits
-{
-    /** \brief Allocation will be created from upper stack in a double stack pool.
-
-    This flag is only allowed for virtual blocks created with #VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT flag.
-    */
-    VMA_VIRTUAL_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT,
-    /** \brief Allocation strategy that tries to minimize memory usage.
-    */
-    VMA_VIRTUAL_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT,
-    /** \brief Allocation strategy that tries to minimize allocation time.
-    */
-    VMA_VIRTUAL_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT,
-    /** \brief A bit mask to extract only `STRATEGY` bits from entire set of flags.
-
-    These strategy flags are binary compatible with equivalent flags in #VmaAllocationCreateFlagBits.
-    */
-    VMA_VIRTUAL_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MASK = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MASK,
-
-    VMA_VIRTUAL_ALLOCATION_CREATE_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF
-} VmaVirtualAllocationCreateFlagBits;
-/// Flags to be passed as VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo::flags. See #VmaVirtualAllocationCreateFlagBits.
-typedef VkFlags VmaVirtualAllocationCreateFlags;
-
-/** @} */
-
-#endif // _VMA_ENUM_DECLARATIONS
-
-#ifndef _VMA_DATA_TYPES_DECLARATIONS
-
-/**
-\addtogroup group_init
-@{ */
-
-/** \struct VmaAllocator
-\brief Represents main object of this library initialized.
-
-Fill structure #VmaAllocatorCreateInfo and call function vmaCreateAllocator() to create it.
-Call function vmaDestroyAllocator() to destroy it.
-
-It is recommended to create just one object of this type per `VkDevice` object,
-right after Vulkan is initialized and keep it alive until before Vulkan device is destroyed.
-*/
-VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VmaAllocator)
-
-/** @} */
-
-/**
-\addtogroup group_alloc
-@{
-*/
-
-/** \struct VmaPool
-\brief Represents custom memory pool
-
-Fill structure VmaPoolCreateInfo and call function vmaCreatePool() to create it.
-Call function vmaDestroyPool() to destroy it.
-
-For more information see [Custom memory pools](@ref choosing_memory_type_custom_memory_pools).
-*/
-VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VmaPool)
-
-/** \struct VmaAllocation
-\brief Represents single memory allocation.
-
-It may be either dedicated block of `VkDeviceMemory` or a specific region of a bigger block of this type
-plus unique offset.
-
-There are multiple ways to create such object.
-You need to fill structure VmaAllocationCreateInfo.
-For more information see [Choosing memory type](@ref choosing_memory_type).
-
-Although the library provides convenience functions that create Vulkan buffer or image,
-allocate memory for it and bind them together,
-binding of the allocation to a buffer or an image is out of scope of the allocation itself.
-Allocation object can exist without buffer/image bound,
-binding can be done manually by the user, and destruction of it can be done
-independently of destruction of the allocation.
-
-The object also remembers its size and some other information.
-To retrieve this information, use function vmaGetAllocationInfo() and inspect
-returned structure VmaAllocationInfo.
-*/
-VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VmaAllocation)
-
-/** \struct VmaDefragmentationContext
-\brief Represents Opaque object that represents started defragmentation process.
-
-Fill structure #VmaDefragmentationInfo2 and call function vmaDefragmentationBegin() to create it.
-Call function vmaDefragmentationEnd() to destroy it.
-*/
-VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VmaDefragmentationContext)
-
-/** @} */
-
-/**
-\addtogroup group_virtual
-@{
-*/
-
-/** \struct VmaVirtualAllocation
-\brief Represents single memory allocation done inside VmaVirtualBlock.
-
-Use it as a unique identifier to virtual allocation within the single block.
-
-Use value `VK_NULL_HANDLE` to represent a null/invalid allocation.
-*/
-VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VmaVirtualAllocation);
-
-/** @} */
-
-/**
-\addtogroup group_virtual
-@{
-*/
-
-/** \struct VmaVirtualBlock
-\brief Handle to a virtual block object that allows to use core allocation algorithm without allocating any real GPU memory.
-
-Fill in #VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo structure and use vmaCreateVirtualBlock() to create it. Use vmaDestroyVirtualBlock() to destroy it.
-For more information, see documentation chapter \ref virtual_allocator.
-
-This object is not thread-safe - should not be used from multiple threads simultaneously, must be synchronized externally.
-*/
-VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VmaVirtualBlock)
-
-/** @} */
-
-/**
-\addtogroup group_init
-@{
-*/
-
-/// Callback function called after successful vkAllocateMemory.
-typedef void (VKAPI_PTR* PFN_vmaAllocateDeviceMemoryFunction)(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL                    allocator,
-    uint32_t                                     memoryType,
-    VkDeviceMemory VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE memory,
-    VkDeviceSize                                 size,
-    void* VMA_NULLABLE                           pUserData);
-
-/// Callback function called before vkFreeMemory.
-typedef void (VKAPI_PTR* PFN_vmaFreeDeviceMemoryFunction)(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL                    allocator,
-    uint32_t                                     memoryType,
-    VkDeviceMemory VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE memory,
-    VkDeviceSize                                 size,
-    void* VMA_NULLABLE                           pUserData);
-
-/** \brief Set of callbacks that the library will call for `vkAllocateMemory` and `vkFreeMemory`.
-
-Provided for informative purpose, e.g. to gather statistics about number of
-allocations or total amount of memory allocated in Vulkan.
-
-Used in VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pDeviceMemoryCallbacks.
-*/
-typedef struct VmaDeviceMemoryCallbacks
-{
-    /// Optional, can be null.
-    PFN_vmaAllocateDeviceMemoryFunction VMA_NULLABLE pfnAllocate;
-    /// Optional, can be null.
-    PFN_vmaFreeDeviceMemoryFunction VMA_NULLABLE pfnFree;
-    /// Optional, can be null.
-    void* VMA_NULLABLE pUserData;
-} VmaDeviceMemoryCallbacks;
-
-/** \brief Pointers to some Vulkan functions - a subset used by the library.
-
-Used in VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pVulkanFunctions.
-*/
-typedef struct VmaVulkanFunctions
-{
-    /// Required when using VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS.
-    PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr VMA_NULLABLE vkGetInstanceProcAddr;
-    /// Required when using VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS.
-    PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr VMA_NULLABLE vkGetDeviceProcAddr;
-    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties VMA_NULLABLE vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties;
-    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties VMA_NULLABLE vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties;
-    PFN_vkAllocateMemory VMA_NULLABLE vkAllocateMemory;
-    PFN_vkFreeMemory VMA_NULLABLE vkFreeMemory;
-    PFN_vkMapMemory VMA_NULLABLE vkMapMemory;
-    PFN_vkUnmapMemory VMA_NULLABLE vkUnmapMemory;
-    PFN_vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges VMA_NULLABLE vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges;
-    PFN_vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges VMA_NULLABLE vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges;
-    PFN_vkBindBufferMemory VMA_NULLABLE vkBindBufferMemory;
-    PFN_vkBindImageMemory VMA_NULLABLE vkBindImageMemory;
-    PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements VMA_NULLABLE vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements;
-    PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements VMA_NULLABLE vkGetImageMemoryRequirements;
-    PFN_vkCreateBuffer VMA_NULLABLE vkCreateBuffer;
-    PFN_vkDestroyBuffer VMA_NULLABLE vkDestroyBuffer;
-    PFN_vkCreateImage VMA_NULLABLE vkCreateImage;
-    PFN_vkDestroyImage VMA_NULLABLE vkDestroyImage;
-    PFN_vkCmdCopyBuffer VMA_NULLABLE vkCmdCopyBuffer;
-#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
-    /// Fetch "vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2" on Vulkan >= 1.1, fetch "vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR" when using VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation extension.
-    PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR VMA_NULLABLE vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR;
-    /// Fetch "vkGetImageMemoryRequirements 2" on Vulkan >= 1.1, fetch "vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR" when using VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation extension.
-    PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR VMA_NULLABLE vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR;
-#endif
-#if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2 || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
-    /// Fetch "vkBindBufferMemory2" on Vulkan >= 1.1, fetch "vkBindBufferMemory2KHR" when using VK_KHR_bind_memory2 extension.
-    PFN_vkBindBufferMemory2KHR VMA_NULLABLE vkBindBufferMemory2KHR;
-    /// Fetch "vkBindImageMemory2" on Vulkan >= 1.1, fetch "vkBindImageMemory2KHR" when using VK_KHR_bind_memory2 extension.
-    PFN_vkBindImageMemory2KHR VMA_NULLABLE vkBindImageMemory2KHR;
-#endif
-#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
-    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR VMA_NULLABLE vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR;
-#endif
-} VmaVulkanFunctions;
-
-/// Description of a Allocator to be created.
-typedef struct VmaAllocatorCreateInfo
-{
-    /// Flags for created allocator. Use #VmaAllocatorCreateFlagBits enum.
-    VmaAllocatorCreateFlags flags;
-    /// Vulkan physical device.
-    /** It must be valid throughout whole lifetime of created allocator. */
-    VkPhysicalDevice VMA_NOT_NULL physicalDevice;
-    /// Vulkan device.
-    /** It must be valid throughout whole lifetime of created allocator. */
-    VkDevice VMA_NOT_NULL device;
-    /// Preferred size of a single `VkDeviceMemory` block to be allocated from large heaps > 1 GiB. Optional.
-    /** Set to 0 to use default, which is currently 256 MiB. */
-    VkDeviceSize preferredLargeHeapBlockSize;
-    /// Custom CPU memory allocation callbacks. Optional.
-    /** Optional, can be null. When specified, will also be used for all CPU-side memory allocations. */
-    const VkAllocationCallbacks* VMA_NULLABLE pAllocationCallbacks;
-    /// Informative callbacks for `vkAllocateMemory`, `vkFreeMemory`. Optional.
-    /** Optional, can be null. */
-    const VmaDeviceMemoryCallbacks* VMA_NULLABLE pDeviceMemoryCallbacks;
-    /** \brief Either null or a pointer to an array of limits on maximum number of bytes that can be allocated out of particular Vulkan memory heap.
-
-    If not NULL, it must be a pointer to an array of
-    `VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties::memoryHeapCount` elements, defining limit on
-    maximum number of bytes that can be allocated out of particular Vulkan memory
-    heap.
-
-    Any of the elements may be equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, which means no limit on that
-    heap. This is also the default in case of `pHeapSizeLimit` = NULL.
-
-    If there is a limit defined for a heap:
-
-    - If user tries to allocate more memory from that heap using this allocator,
-      the allocation fails with `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`.
-    - If the limit is smaller than heap size reported in `VkMemoryHeap::size`, the
-      value of this limit will be reported instead when using vmaGetMemoryProperties().
-
-    Warning! Using this feature may not be equivalent to installing a GPU with
-    smaller amount of memory, because graphics driver doesn't necessary fail new
-    allocations with `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY` result when memory capacity is
-    exceeded. It may return success and just silently migrate some device memory
-    blocks to system RAM. This driver behavior can also be controlled using
-    VK_AMD_memory_overallocation_behavior extension.
-    */
-    const VkDeviceSize* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL("VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties::memoryHeapCount") pHeapSizeLimit;
-
-    /** \brief Pointers to Vulkan functions. Can be null.
-
-    For details see [Pointers to Vulkan functions](@ref config_Vulkan_functions).
-    */
-    const VmaVulkanFunctions* VMA_NULLABLE pVulkanFunctions;
-    /** \brief Handle to Vulkan instance object.
-
-    Starting from version 3.0.0 this member is no longer optional, it must be set!
-    */
-    VkInstance VMA_NOT_NULL instance;
-    /** \brief Optional. The highest version of Vulkan that the application is designed to use.
-
-    It must be a value in the format as created by macro `VK_MAKE_VERSION` or a constant like: `VK_API_VERSION_1_1`, `VK_API_VERSION_1_0`.
-    The patch version number specified is ignored. Only the major and minor versions are considered.
-    It must be less or equal (preferably equal) to value as passed to `vkCreateInstance` as `VkApplicationInfo::apiVersion`.
-    Only versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 are supported by the current implementation.
-    Leaving it initialized to zero is equivalent to `VK_API_VERSION_1_0`.
-    */
-    uint32_t vulkanApiVersion;
-#if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
-    /** \brief Either null or a pointer to an array of external memory handle types for each Vulkan memory type.
-
-    If not NULL, it must be a pointer to an array of `VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties::memoryTypeCount`
-    elements, defining external memory handle types of particular Vulkan memory type,
-    to be passed using `VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR`.
-
-    Any of the elements may be equal to 0, which means not to use `VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR` on this memory type.
-    This is also the default in case of `pTypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes` = NULL.
-    */
-    const VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagsKHR* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL("VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties::memoryTypeCount") pTypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes;
-#endif // #if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
-} VmaAllocatorCreateInfo;
-
-/// Information about existing #VmaAllocator object.
-typedef struct VmaAllocatorInfo
-{
-    /** \brief Handle to Vulkan instance object.
-
-    This is the same value as has been passed through VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::instance.
-    */
-    VkInstance VMA_NOT_NULL instance;
-    /** \brief Handle to Vulkan physical device object.
-
-    This is the same value as has been passed through VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::physicalDevice.
-    */
-    VkPhysicalDevice VMA_NOT_NULL physicalDevice;
-    /** \brief Handle to Vulkan device object.
-
-    This is the same value as has been passed through VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::device.
-    */
-    VkDevice VMA_NOT_NULL device;
-} VmaAllocatorInfo;
-
-/** @} */
-
-/**
-\addtogroup group_stats
-@{
-*/
-
-/// Calculated statistics of memory usage in entire allocator.
-typedef struct VmaStatInfo
-{
-    /// Number of `VkDeviceMemory` Vulkan memory blocks allocated.
-    uint32_t blockCount;
-    /// Number of #VmaAllocation allocation objects allocated.
-    uint32_t allocationCount;
-    /// Number of free ranges of memory between allocations.
-    uint32_t unusedRangeCount;
-    /// Total number of bytes occupied by all allocations.
-    VkDeviceSize usedBytes;
-    /// Total number of bytes occupied by unused ranges.
-    VkDeviceSize unusedBytes;
-    VkDeviceSize allocationSizeMin, allocationSizeAvg, allocationSizeMax;
-    VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSizeMin, unusedRangeSizeAvg, unusedRangeSizeMax;
-} VmaStatInfo;
-
-/// General statistics from current state of Allocator.
-typedef struct VmaStats
-{
-    VmaStatInfo memoryType[VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES];
-    VmaStatInfo memoryHeap[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];
-    VmaStatInfo total;
-} VmaStats;
-
-/// Statistics of current memory usage and available budget, in bytes, for specific memory heap.
-typedef struct VmaBudget
-{
-    /** \brief Sum size of all `VkDeviceMemory` blocks allocated from particular heap, in bytes.
-    */
-    VkDeviceSize blockBytes;
-
-    /** \brief Sum size of all allocations created in particular heap, in bytes.
-
-    Usually less or equal than `blockBytes`.
-    Difference `blockBytes - allocationBytes` is the amount of memory allocated but unused -
-    available for new allocations or wasted due to fragmentation.
-    */
-    VkDeviceSize allocationBytes;
-
-    /** \brief Estimated current memory usage of the program, in bytes.
-
-    Fetched from system using `VK_EXT_memory_budget` extension if enabled.
-
-    It might be different than `blockBytes` (usually higher) due to additional implicit objects
-    also occupying the memory, like swapchain, pipelines, descriptor heaps, command buffers, or
-    `VkDeviceMemory` blocks allocated outside of this library, if any.
-    */
-    VkDeviceSize usage;
-
-    /** \brief Estimated amount of memory available to the program, in bytes.
-
-    Fetched from system using `VK_EXT_memory_budget` extension if enabled.
-
-    It might be different (most probably smaller) than `VkMemoryHeap::size[heapIndex]` due to factors
-    external to the program, like other programs also consuming system resources.
-    Difference `budget - usage` is the amount of additional memory that can probably
-    be allocated without problems. Exceeding the budget may result in various problems.
-    */
-    VkDeviceSize budget;
-} VmaBudget;
-
-/** @} */
-
-/**
-\addtogroup group_alloc
-@{
-*/
-
-typedef struct VmaAllocationCreateInfo
-{
-    /// Use #VmaAllocationCreateFlagBits enum.
-    VmaAllocationCreateFlags flags;
-    /** \brief Intended usage of memory.
-
-    You can leave #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_UNKNOWN if you specify memory requirements in other way. \n
-    If `pool` is not null, this member is ignored.
-    */
-    VmaMemoryUsage usage;
-    /** \brief Flags that must be set in a Memory Type chosen for an allocation.
-
-    Leave 0 if you specify memory requirements in other way. \n
-    If `pool` is not null, this member is ignored.*/
-    VkMemoryPropertyFlags requiredFlags;
-    /** \brief Flags that preferably should be set in a memory type chosen for an allocation.
-
-    Set to 0 if no additional flags are preferred. \n
-    If `pool` is not null, this member is ignored. */
-    VkMemoryPropertyFlags preferredFlags;
-    /** \brief Bitmask containing one bit set for every memory type acceptable for this allocation.
-
-    Value 0 is equivalent to `UINT32_MAX` - it means any memory type is accepted if
-    it meets other requirements specified by this structure, with no further
-    restrictions on memory type index. \n
-    If `pool` is not null, this member is ignored.
-    */
-    uint32_t memoryTypeBits;
-    /** \brief Pool that this allocation should be created in.
-
-    Leave `VK_NULL_HANDLE` to allocate from default pool. If not null, members:
-    `usage`, `requiredFlags`, `preferredFlags`, `memoryTypeBits` are ignored.
-    */
-    VmaPool VMA_NULLABLE pool;
-    /** \brief Custom general-purpose pointer that will be stored in #VmaAllocation, can be read as VmaAllocationInfo::pUserData and changed using vmaSetAllocationUserData().
-
-    If #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT is used, it must be either
-    null or pointer to a null-terminated string. The string will be then copied to
-    internal buffer, so it doesn't need to be valid after allocation call.
-    */
-    void* VMA_NULLABLE pUserData;
-    /** \brief A floating-point value between 0 and 1, indicating the priority of the allocation relative to other memory allocations.
-
-    It is used only when #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_PRIORITY_BIT flag was used during creation of the #VmaAllocator object
-    and this allocation ends up as dedicated or is explicitly forced as dedicated using #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT.
-    Otherwise, it has the priority of a memory block where it is placed and this variable is ignored.
-    */
-    float priority;
-} VmaAllocationCreateInfo;
-
-/// Describes parameter of created #VmaPool.
-typedef struct VmaPoolCreateInfo
-{
-    /** \brief Vulkan memory type index to allocate this pool from.
-    */
-    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex;
-    /** \brief Use combination of #VmaPoolCreateFlagBits.
-    */
-    VmaPoolCreateFlags flags;
-    /** \brief Size of a single `VkDeviceMemory` block to be allocated as part of this pool, in bytes. Optional.
-
-    Specify nonzero to set explicit, constant size of memory blocks used by this
-    pool.
-
-    Leave 0 to use default and let the library manage block sizes automatically.
-    Sizes of particular blocks may vary.
-    In this case, the pool will also support dedicated allocations.
-    */
-    VkDeviceSize blockSize;
-    /** \brief Minimum number of blocks to be always allocated in this pool, even if they stay empty.
-
-    Set to 0 to have no preallocated blocks and allow the pool be completely empty.
-    */
-    size_t minBlockCount;
-    /** \brief Maximum number of blocks that can be allocated in this pool. Optional.
-
-    Set to 0 to use default, which is `SIZE_MAX`, which means no limit.
-
-    Set to same value as VmaPoolCreateInfo::minBlockCount to have fixed amount of memory allocated
-    throughout whole lifetime of this pool.
-    */
-    size_t maxBlockCount;
-    /** \brief A floating-point value between 0 and 1, indicating the priority of the allocations in this pool relative to other memory allocations.
-
-    It is used only when #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_PRIORITY_BIT flag was used during creation of the #VmaAllocator object.
-    Otherwise, this variable is ignored.
-    */
-    float priority;
-    /** \brief Additional minimum alignment to be used for all allocations created from this pool. Can be 0.
-
-    Leave 0 (default) not to impose any additional alignment. If not 0, it must be a power of two.
-    It can be useful in cases where alignment returned by Vulkan by functions like `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements` is not enough,
-    e.g. when doing interop with OpenGL.
-    */
-    VkDeviceSize minAllocationAlignment;
-    /** \brief Additional `pNext` chain to be attached to `VkMemoryAllocateInfo` used for every allocation made by this pool. Optional.
-
-    Optional, can be null. If not null, it must point to a `pNext` chain of structures that can be attached to `VkMemoryAllocateInfo`.
-    It can be useful for special needs such as adding `VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR`.
-    Structures pointed by this member must remain alive and unchanged for the whole lifetime of the custom pool.
-
-    Please note that some structures, e.g. `VkMemoryPriorityAllocateInfoEXT`, `VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfoKHR`,
-    can be attached automatically by this library when using other, more convenient of its features.
-    */
-    void* VMA_NULLABLE pMemoryAllocateNext;
-} VmaPoolCreateInfo;
-
-/** @} */
-
-/**
-\addtogroup group_stats
-@{
-*/
-
-/// Describes parameter of existing #VmaPool.
-typedef struct VmaPoolStats
-{
-    /** \brief Total amount of `VkDeviceMemory` allocated from Vulkan for this pool, in bytes.
-    */
-    VkDeviceSize size;
-    /** \brief Total number of bytes in the pool not used by any #VmaAllocation.
-    */
-    VkDeviceSize unusedSize;
-    /** \brief Number of #VmaAllocation objects created from this pool that were not destroyed.
-    */
-    size_t allocationCount;
-    /** \brief Number of continuous memory ranges in the pool not used by any #VmaAllocation.
-    */
-    size_t unusedRangeCount;
-    /** \brief Number of `VkDeviceMemory` blocks allocated for this pool.
-    */
-    size_t blockCount;
-} VmaPoolStats;
-
-/** @} */
-
-/**
-\addtogroup group_alloc
-@{
-*/
-
-/// Parameters of #VmaAllocation objects, that can be retrieved using function vmaGetAllocationInfo().
-typedef struct VmaAllocationInfo
-{
-    /** \brief Memory type index that this allocation was allocated from.
-
-    It never changes.
-    */
-    uint32_t memoryType;
-    /** \brief Handle to Vulkan memory object.
-
-    Same memory object can be shared by multiple allocations.
-
-    It can change after call to vmaDefragment() if this allocation is passed to the function.
-    */
-    VkDeviceMemory VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE deviceMemory;
-    /** \brief Offset in `VkDeviceMemory` object to the beginning of this allocation, in bytes. `(deviceMemory, offset)` pair is unique to this allocation.
-
-    You usually don't need to use this offset. If you create a buffer or an image together with the allocation using e.g. function
-    vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage(), functions that operate on these resources refer to the beginning of the buffer or image,
-    not entire device memory block. Functions like vmaMapMemory(), vmaBindBufferMemory() also refer to the beginning of the allocation
-    and apply this offset automatically.
-
-    It can change after call to vmaDefragment() if this allocation is passed to the function.
-    */
-    VkDeviceSize offset;
-    /** \brief Size of this allocation, in bytes.
-
-    It never changes.
-
-    \note Allocation size returned in this variable may be greater than the size
-    requested for the resource e.g. as `VkBufferCreateInfo::size`. Whole size of the
-    allocation is accessible for operations on memory e.g. using a pointer after
-    mapping with vmaMapMemory(), but operations on the resource e.g. using
-    `vkCmdCopyBuffer` must be limited to the size of the resource.
-    */
-    VkDeviceSize size;
-    /** \brief Pointer to the beginning of this allocation as mapped data.
-
-    If the allocation hasn't been mapped using vmaMapMemory() and hasn't been
-    created with #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT flag, this value is null.
-
-    It can change after call to vmaMapMemory(), vmaUnmapMemory().
-    It can also change after call to vmaDefragment() if this allocation is passed to the function.
-    */
-    void* VMA_NULLABLE pMappedData;
-    /** \brief Custom general-purpose pointer that was passed as VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pUserData or set using vmaSetAllocationUserData().
-
-    It can change after call to vmaSetAllocationUserData() for this allocation.
-    */
-    void* VMA_NULLABLE pUserData;
-} VmaAllocationInfo;
-
-/** \brief Parameters for defragmentation.
-
-To be used with function vmaDefragmentationBegin().
-*/
-typedef struct VmaDefragmentationInfo2
-{
-    /** \brief Reserved for future use. Should be 0.
-    */
-    VmaDefragmentationFlags flags;
-    /** \brief Number of allocations in `pAllocations` array.
-    */
-    uint32_t allocationCount;
-    /** \brief Pointer to array of allocations that can be defragmented.
-
-    The array should have `allocationCount` elements.
-    The array should not contain nulls.
-    Elements in the array should be unique - same allocation cannot occur twice.
-    All allocations not present in this array are considered non-moveable during this defragmentation.
-    */
-    const VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) pAllocations;
-    /** \brief Optional, output. Pointer to array that will be filled with information whether the allocation at certain index has been changed during defragmentation.
-
-    The array should have `allocationCount` elements.
-    You can pass null if you are not interested in this information.
-    */
-    VkBool32* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) pAllocationsChanged;
-    /** \brief Numer of pools in `pPools` array.
-    */
-    uint32_t poolCount;
-    /** \brief Either null or pointer to array of pools to be defragmented.
-
-    All the allocations in the specified pools can be moved during defragmentation
-    and there is no way to check if they were really moved as in `pAllocationsChanged`,
-    so you must query all the allocations in all these pools for new `VkDeviceMemory`
-    and offset using vmaGetAllocationInfo() if you might need to recreate buffers
-    and images bound to them.
-
-    The array should have `poolCount` elements.
-    The array should not contain nulls.
-    Elements in the array should be unique - same pool cannot occur twice.
-
-    Using this array is equivalent to specifying all allocations from the pools in `pAllocations`.
-    It might be more efficient.
-    */
-    const VmaPool VMA_NOT_NULL* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(poolCount) pPools;
-    /** \brief Maximum total numbers of bytes that can be copied while moving allocations to different places using transfers on CPU side, like `memcpy()`, `memmove()`.
-
-    `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` means no limit.
-    */
-    VkDeviceSize maxCpuBytesToMove;
-    /** \brief Maximum number of allocations that can be moved to a different place using transfers on CPU side, like `memcpy()`, `memmove()`.
-
-    `UINT32_MAX` means no limit.
-    */
-    uint32_t maxCpuAllocationsToMove;
-    /** \brief Maximum total numbers of bytes that can be copied while moving allocations to different places using transfers on GPU side, posted to `commandBuffer`.
-
-    `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` means no limit.
-    */
-    VkDeviceSize maxGpuBytesToMove;
-    /** \brief Maximum number of allocations that can be moved to a different place using transfers on GPU side, posted to `commandBuffer`.
-
-    `UINT32_MAX` means no limit.
-    */
-    uint32_t maxGpuAllocationsToMove;
-    /** \brief Optional. Command buffer where GPU copy commands will be posted.
-
-    If not null, it must be a valid command buffer handle that supports Transfer queue type.
-    It must be in the recording state and outside of a render pass instance.
-    You need to submit it and make sure it finished execution before calling vmaDefragmentationEnd().
-
-    Passing null means that only CPU defragmentation will be performed.
-    */
-    VkCommandBuffer VMA_NULLABLE commandBuffer;
-} VmaDefragmentationInfo2;
-
-typedef struct VmaDefragmentationPassMoveInfo
-{
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation;
-    VkDeviceMemory VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE memory;
-    VkDeviceSize offset;
-} VmaDefragmentationPassMoveInfo;
-
-/** \brief Parameters for incremental defragmentation steps.
-
-To be used with function vmaBeginDefragmentationPass().
-*/
-typedef struct VmaDefragmentationPassInfo
-{
-    uint32_t moveCount;
-    VmaDefragmentationPassMoveInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(moveCount) pMoves;
-} VmaDefragmentationPassInfo;
-
-/** \brief Deprecated. Optional configuration parameters to be passed to function vmaDefragment().
-
-\deprecated This is a part of the old interface. It is recommended to use structure #VmaDefragmentationInfo2 and function vmaDefragmentationBegin() instead.
-*/
-typedef struct VmaDefragmentationInfo
-{
-    /** \brief Maximum total numbers of bytes that can be copied while moving allocations to different places.
-
-    Default is `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, which means no limit.
-    */
-    VkDeviceSize maxBytesToMove;
-    /** \brief Maximum number of allocations that can be moved to different place.
-
-    Default is `UINT32_MAX`, which means no limit.
-    */
-    uint32_t maxAllocationsToMove;
-} VmaDefragmentationInfo;
-
-/// Statistics returned by function vmaDefragment().
-typedef struct VmaDefragmentationStats
-{
-    /// Total number of bytes that have been copied while moving allocations to different places.
-    VkDeviceSize bytesMoved;
-    /// Total number of bytes that have been released to the system by freeing empty `VkDeviceMemory` objects.
-    VkDeviceSize bytesFreed;
-    /// Number of allocations that have been moved to different places.
-    uint32_t allocationsMoved;
-    /// Number of empty `VkDeviceMemory` objects that have been released to the system.
-    uint32_t deviceMemoryBlocksFreed;
-} VmaDefragmentationStats;
-
-/** @} */
-
-/**
-\addtogroup group_virtual
-@{
-*/
-
-/// Parameters of created #VmaVirtualBlock object to be passed to vmaCreateVirtualBlock().
-typedef struct VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo
-{
-    /** \brief Total size of the virtual block.
-
-    Sizes can be expressed in bytes or any units you want as long as you are consistent in using them.
-    For example, if you allocate from some array of structures, 1 can mean single instance of entire structure.
-    */
-    VkDeviceSize size;
-
-    /** \brief Use combination of #VmaVirtualBlockCreateFlagBits.
-    */
-    VmaVirtualBlockCreateFlags flags;
-
-    /** \brief Custom CPU memory allocation callbacks. Optional.
-
-    Optional, can be null. When specified, they will be used for all CPU-side memory allocations.
-    */
-    const VkAllocationCallbacks* VMA_NULLABLE pAllocationCallbacks;
-} VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo;
-
-/// Parameters of created virtual allocation to be passed to vmaVirtualAllocate().
-typedef struct VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo
-{
-    /** \brief Size of the allocation.
-
-    Cannot be zero.
-    */
-    VkDeviceSize size;
-    /** \brief Required alignment of the allocation. Optional.
-
-    Must be power of two. Special value 0 has the same meaning as 1 - means no special alignment is required, so allocation can start at any offset.
-    */
-    VkDeviceSize alignment;
-    /** \brief Use combination of #VmaVirtualAllocationCreateFlagBits.
-    */
-    VmaVirtualAllocationCreateFlags flags;
-    /** \brief Custom pointer to be associated with the allocation. Optional.
-
-    It can be any value and can be used for user-defined purposes. It can be fetched or changed later.
-    */
-    void* VMA_NULLABLE pUserData;
-} VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo;
-
-/// Parameters of an existing virtual allocation, returned by vmaGetVirtualAllocationInfo().
-typedef struct VmaVirtualAllocationInfo
-{
-    /** \brief Offset of the allocation.
-     
-    Offset at which the allocation was made.
-    */
-    VkDeviceSize offset;
-    /** \brief Size of the allocation.
-
-    Same value as passed in VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo::size.
-    */
-    VkDeviceSize size;
-    /** \brief Custom pointer associated with the allocation.
-
-    Same value as passed in VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo::pUserData or to vmaSetVirtualAllocationUserData().
-    */
-    void* VMA_NULLABLE pUserData;
-} VmaVirtualAllocationInfo;
-
-/** @} */
-
-#endif // _VMA_DATA_TYPES_DECLARATIONS
-
-#ifndef _VMA_FUNCTION_HEADERS
-
-/**
-\addtogroup group_init
-@{
-*/
-
-/// Creates #VmaAllocator object.
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateAllocator(
-    const VmaAllocatorCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pCreateInfo,
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocator);
-
-/// Destroys allocator object.
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaDestroyAllocator(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NULLABLE allocator);
-
-/** \brief Returns information about existing #VmaAllocator object - handle to Vulkan device etc.
-
-It might be useful if you want to keep just the #VmaAllocator handle and fetch other required handles to
-`VkPhysicalDevice`, `VkDevice` etc. every time using this function.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetAllocatorInfo(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaAllocatorInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocatorInfo);
-
-/**
-PhysicalDeviceProperties are fetched from physicalDevice by the allocator.
-You can access it here, without fetching it again on your own.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    const VkPhysicalDeviceProperties* VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL ppPhysicalDeviceProperties);
-
-/**
-PhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties are fetched from physicalDevice by the allocator.
-You can access it here, without fetching it again on your own.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetMemoryProperties(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    const VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties* VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL ppPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties);
-
-/**
-\brief Given Memory Type Index, returns Property Flags of this memory type.
-
-This is just a convenience function. Same information can be obtained using
-vmaGetMemoryProperties().
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetMemoryTypeProperties(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,
-    VkMemoryPropertyFlags* VMA_NOT_NULL pFlags);
-
-/** \brief Sets index of the current frame.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaSetCurrentFrameIndex(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    uint32_t frameIndex);
-
-/** @} */
-
-/**
-\addtogroup group_stats
-@{
-*/
-
-/** \brief Retrieves statistics from current state of the Allocator.
-
-This function is called "calculate" not "get" because it has to traverse all
-internal data structures, so it may be quite slow. For faster but more brief statistics
-suitable to be called every frame or every allocation, use vmaGetHeapBudgets().
-
-Note that when using allocator from multiple threads, returned information may immediately
-become outdated.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaCalculateStats(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaStats* VMA_NOT_NULL pStats);
-
-/** \brief Retrieves information about current memory budget for all memory heaps.
-
-\param allocator
-\param[out] pBudgets Must point to array with number of elements at least equal to number of memory heaps in physical device used.
-
-This function is called "get" not "calculate" because it is very fast, suitable to be called
-every frame or every allocation. For more detailed statistics use vmaCalculateStats().
-
-Note that when using allocator from multiple threads, returned information may immediately
-become outdated.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetHeapBudgets(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaBudget* VMA_NOT_NULL VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL("VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties::memoryHeapCount") pBudgets);
-
-/** @} */
-
-/**
-\addtogroup group_alloc
-@{
-*/
-
-/**
-\brief Helps to find memoryTypeIndex, given memoryTypeBits and VmaAllocationCreateInfo.
-
-This algorithm tries to find a memory type that:
-
-- Is allowed by memoryTypeBits.
-- Contains all the flags from pAllocationCreateInfo->requiredFlags.
-- Matches intended usage.
-- Has as many flags from pAllocationCreateInfo->preferredFlags as possible.
-
-\return Returns VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT if not found. Receiving such result
-from this function or any other allocating function probably means that your
-device doesn't support any memory type with requested features for the specific
-type of resource you want to use it for. Please check parameters of your
-resource, like image layout (OPTIMAL versus LINEAR) or mip level count.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    uint32_t memoryTypeBits,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocationCreateInfo,
-    uint32_t* VMA_NOT_NULL pMemoryTypeIndex);
-
-/**
-\brief Helps to find memoryTypeIndex, given VkBufferCreateInfo and VmaAllocationCreateInfo.
-
-It can be useful e.g. to determine value to be used as VmaPoolCreateInfo::memoryTypeIndex.
-It internally creates a temporary, dummy buffer that never has memory bound.
-It is just a convenience function, equivalent to calling:
-
-- `vkCreateBuffer`
-- `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements`
-- `vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex`
-- `vkDestroyBuffer`
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    const VkBufferCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pBufferCreateInfo,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocationCreateInfo,
-    uint32_t* VMA_NOT_NULL pMemoryTypeIndex);
-
-/**
-\brief Helps to find memoryTypeIndex, given VkImageCreateInfo and VmaAllocationCreateInfo.
-
-It can be useful e.g. to determine value to be used as VmaPoolCreateInfo::memoryTypeIndex.
-It internally creates a temporary, dummy image that never has memory bound.
-It is just a convenience function, equivalent to calling:
-
-- `vkCreateImage`
-- `vkGetImageMemoryRequirements`
-- `vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex`
-- `vkDestroyImage`
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForImageInfo(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    const VkImageCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pImageCreateInfo,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocationCreateInfo,
-    uint32_t* VMA_NOT_NULL pMemoryTypeIndex);
-
-/** \brief Allocates Vulkan device memory and creates #VmaPool object.
-
-\param allocator Allocator object.
-\param pCreateInfo Parameters of pool to create.
-\param[out] pPool Handle to created pool.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreatePool(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    const VmaPoolCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pCreateInfo,
-    VmaPool VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pPool);
-
-/** \brief Destroys #VmaPool object and frees Vulkan device memory.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaDestroyPool(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaPool VMA_NULLABLE pool);
-
-/** @} */
-
-/**
-\addtogroup group_stats
-@{
-*/
-
-/** \brief Retrieves statistics of existing #VmaPool object.
-
-\param allocator Allocator object.
-\param pool Pool object.
-\param[out] pPoolStats Statistics of specified pool.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetPoolStats(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaPool VMA_NOT_NULL pool,
-    VmaPoolStats* VMA_NOT_NULL pPoolStats);
-
-/** @} */
-
-/**
-\addtogroup group_alloc
-@{
-*/
-
-/** \brief Checks magic number in margins around all allocations in given memory pool in search for corruptions.
-
-Corruption detection is enabled only when `VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION` macro is defined to nonzero,
-`VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN` is defined to nonzero and the pool is created in memory type that is
-`HOST_VISIBLE` and `HOST_COHERENT`. For more information, see [Corruption detection](@ref debugging_memory_usage_corruption_detection).
-
-Possible return values:
-
-- `VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT` - corruption detection is not enabled for specified pool.
-- `VK_SUCCESS` - corruption detection has been performed and succeeded.
-- `VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN` - corruption detection has been performed and found memory corruptions around one of the allocations.
-  `VMA_ASSERT` is also fired in that case.
-- Other value: Error returned by Vulkan, e.g. memory mapping failure.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCheckPoolCorruption(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaPool VMA_NOT_NULL pool);
-
-/** \brief Retrieves name of a custom pool.
-
-After the call `ppName` is either null or points to an internally-owned null-terminated string
-containing name of the pool that was previously set. The pointer becomes invalid when the pool is
-destroyed or its name is changed using vmaSetPoolName().
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetPoolName(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaPool VMA_NOT_NULL pool,
-    const char* VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL ppName);
-
-/** \brief Sets name of a custom pool.
-
-`pName` can be either null or pointer to a null-terminated string with new name for the pool.
-Function makes internal copy of the string, so it can be changed or freed immediately after this call.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaSetPoolName(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaPool VMA_NOT_NULL pool,
-    const char* VMA_NULLABLE pName);
-
-/** \brief General purpose memory allocation.
-
-\param allocator
-\param pVkMemoryRequirements
-\param pCreateInfo
-\param[out] pAllocation Handle to allocated memory.
-\param[out] pAllocationInfo Optional. Information about allocated memory. It can be later fetched using function vmaGetAllocationInfo().
-
-You should free the memory using vmaFreeMemory() or vmaFreeMemoryPages().
-
-It is recommended to use vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer(), vmaAllocateMemoryForImage(),
-vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage() instead whenever possible.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaAllocateMemory(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    const VkMemoryRequirements* VMA_NOT_NULL pVkMemoryRequirements,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pCreateInfo,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocation,
-    VmaAllocationInfo* VMA_NULLABLE pAllocationInfo);
-
-/** \brief General purpose memory allocation for multiple allocation objects at once.
-
-\param allocator Allocator object.
-\param pVkMemoryRequirements Memory requirements for each allocation.
-\param pCreateInfo Creation parameters for each allocation.
-\param allocationCount Number of allocations to make.
-\param[out] pAllocations Pointer to array that will be filled with handles to created allocations.
-\param[out] pAllocationInfo Optional. Pointer to array that will be filled with parameters of created allocations.
-
-You should free the memory using vmaFreeMemory() or vmaFreeMemoryPages().
-
-Word "pages" is just a suggestion to use this function to allocate pieces of memory needed for sparse binding.
-It is just a general purpose allocation function able to make multiple allocations at once.
-It may be internally optimized to be more efficient than calling vmaAllocateMemory() `allocationCount` times.
-
-All allocations are made using same parameters. All of them are created out of the same memory pool and type.
-If any allocation fails, all allocations already made within this function call are also freed, so that when
-returned result is not `VK_SUCCESS`, `pAllocation` array is always entirely filled with `VK_NULL_HANDLE`.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaAllocateMemoryPages(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    const VkMemoryRequirements* VMA_NOT_NULL VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) pVkMemoryRequirements,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) pCreateInfo,
-    size_t allocationCount,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) pAllocations,
-    VmaAllocationInfo* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) pAllocationInfo);
-
-/**
-\param allocator
-\param buffer
-\param pCreateInfo
-\param[out] pAllocation Handle to allocated memory.
-\param[out] pAllocationInfo Optional. Information about allocated memory. It can be later fetched using function vmaGetAllocationInfo().
-
-You should free the memory using vmaFreeMemory().
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VkBuffer VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE buffer,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pCreateInfo,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocation,
-    VmaAllocationInfo* VMA_NULLABLE pAllocationInfo);
-
-/// Function similar to vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer().
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaAllocateMemoryForImage(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VkImage VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE image,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pCreateInfo,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocation,
-    VmaAllocationInfo* VMA_NULLABLE pAllocationInfo);
-
-/** \brief Frees memory previously allocated using vmaAllocateMemory(), vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer(), or vmaAllocateMemoryForImage().
-
-Passing `VK_NULL_HANDLE` as `allocation` is valid. Such function call is just skipped.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaFreeMemory(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    const VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE allocation);
-
-/** \brief Frees memory and destroys multiple allocations.
-
-Word "pages" is just a suggestion to use this function to free pieces of memory used for sparse binding.
-It is just a general purpose function to free memory and destroy allocations made using e.g. vmaAllocateMemory(),
-vmaAllocateMemoryPages() and other functions.
-It may be internally optimized to be more efficient than calling vmaFreeMemory() `allocationCount` times.
-
-Allocations in `pAllocations` array can come from any memory pools and types.
-Passing `VK_NULL_HANDLE` as elements of `pAllocations` array is valid. Such entries are just skipped.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaFreeMemoryPages(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    size_t allocationCount,
-    const VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) pAllocations);
-
-/** \brief Returns current information about specified allocation.
-
-Current paramteres of given allocation are returned in `pAllocationInfo`.
-
-Although this function doesn't lock any mutex, so it should be quite efficient,
-you should avoid calling it too often.
-You can retrieve same VmaAllocationInfo structure while creating your resource, from function
-vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage(). You can remember it if you are sure parameters don't change
-(e.g. due to defragmentation).
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetAllocationInfo(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
-    VmaAllocationInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocationInfo);
-
-/** \brief Sets pUserData in given allocation to new value.
-
-If the allocation was created with VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT,
-pUserData must be either null, or pointer to a null-terminated string. The function
-makes local copy of the string and sets it as allocation's `pUserData`. String
-passed as pUserData doesn't need to be valid for whole lifetime of the allocation -
-you can free it after this call. String previously pointed by allocation's
-pUserData is freed from memory.
-
-If the flag was not used, the value of pointer `pUserData` is just copied to
-allocation's `pUserData`. It is opaque, so you can use it however you want - e.g.
-as a pointer, ordinal number or some handle to you own data.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaSetAllocationUserData(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
-    void* VMA_NULLABLE pUserData);
-
-/**
-\brief Given an allocation, returns Property Flags of its memory type.
-
-This is just a convenience function. Same information can be obtained using
-vmaGetAllocationInfo() + vmaGetMemoryProperties().
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetAllocationMemoryProperties(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
-    VkMemoryPropertyFlags* VMA_NOT_NULL pFlags);
-
-/** \brief Maps memory represented by given allocation and returns pointer to it.
-
-Maps memory represented by given allocation to make it accessible to CPU code.
-When succeeded, `*ppData` contains pointer to first byte of this memory.
-
-\warning
-If the allocation is part of a bigger `VkDeviceMemory` block, returned pointer is
-correctly offsetted to the beginning of region assigned to this particular allocation.
-Unlike the result of `vkMapMemory`, it points to the allocation, not to the beginning of the whole block.
-You should not add VmaAllocationInfo::offset to it!
-
-Mapping is internally reference-counted and synchronized, so despite raw Vulkan
-function `vkMapMemory()` cannot be used to map same block of `VkDeviceMemory`
-multiple times simultaneously, it is safe to call this function on allocations
-assigned to the same memory block. Actual Vulkan memory will be mapped on first
-mapping and unmapped on last unmapping.
-
-If the function succeeded, you must call vmaUnmapMemory() to unmap the
-allocation when mapping is no longer needed or before freeing the allocation, at
-the latest.
-
-It also safe to call this function multiple times on the same allocation. You
-must call vmaUnmapMemory() same number of times as you called vmaMapMemory().
-
-It is also safe to call this function on allocation created with
-#VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT flag. Its memory stays mapped all the time.
-You must still call vmaUnmapMemory() same number of times as you called
-vmaMapMemory(). You must not call vmaUnmapMemory() additional time to free the
-"0-th" mapping made automatically due to #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT flag.
-
-This function fails when used on allocation made in memory type that is not
-`HOST_VISIBLE`.
-
-This function doesn't automatically flush or invalidate caches.
-If the allocation is made from a memory types that is not `HOST_COHERENT`,
-you also need to use vmaInvalidateAllocation() / vmaFlushAllocation(), as required by Vulkan specification.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaMapMemory(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
-    void* VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL ppData);
-
-/** \brief Unmaps memory represented by given allocation, mapped previously using vmaMapMemory().
-
-For details, see description of vmaMapMemory().
-
-This function doesn't automatically flush or invalidate caches.
-If the allocation is made from a memory types that is not `HOST_COHERENT`,
-you also need to use vmaInvalidateAllocation() / vmaFlushAllocation(), as required by Vulkan specification.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaUnmapMemory(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation);
-
-/** \brief Flushes memory of given allocation.
-
-Calls `vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges()` for memory associated with given range of given allocation.
-It needs to be called after writing to a mapped memory for memory types that are not `HOST_COHERENT`.
-Unmap operation doesn't do that automatically.
-
-- `offset` must be relative to the beginning of allocation.
-- `size` can be `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`. It means all memory from `offset` the the end of given allocation.
-- `offset` and `size` don't have to be aligned.
-  They are internally rounded down/up to multiply of `nonCoherentAtomSize`.
-- If `size` is 0, this call is ignored.
-- If memory type that the `allocation` belongs to is not `HOST_VISIBLE` or it is `HOST_COHERENT`,
-  this call is ignored.
-
-Warning! `offset` and `size` are relative to the contents of given `allocation`.
-If you mean whole allocation, you can pass 0 and `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, respectively.
-Do not pass allocation's offset as `offset`!!!
-
-This function returns the `VkResult` from `vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges` if it is
-called, otherwise `VK_SUCCESS`.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaFlushAllocation(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
-    VkDeviceSize offset,
-    VkDeviceSize size);
-
-/** \brief Invalidates memory of given allocation.
-
-Calls `vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges()` for memory associated with given range of given allocation.
-It needs to be called before reading from a mapped memory for memory types that are not `HOST_COHERENT`.
-Map operation doesn't do that automatically.
-
-- `offset` must be relative to the beginning of allocation.
-- `size` can be `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`. It means all memory from `offset` the the end of given allocation.
-- `offset` and `size` don't have to be aligned.
-  They are internally rounded down/up to multiply of `nonCoherentAtomSize`.
-- If `size` is 0, this call is ignored.
-- If memory type that the `allocation` belongs to is not `HOST_VISIBLE` or it is `HOST_COHERENT`,
-  this call is ignored.
-
-Warning! `offset` and `size` are relative to the contents of given `allocation`.
-If you mean whole allocation, you can pass 0 and `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, respectively.
-Do not pass allocation's offset as `offset`!!!
-
-This function returns the `VkResult` from `vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges` if
-it is called, otherwise `VK_SUCCESS`.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaInvalidateAllocation(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
-    VkDeviceSize offset,
-    VkDeviceSize size);
-
-/** \brief Flushes memory of given set of allocations.
-
-Calls `vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges()` for memory associated with given ranges of given allocations.
-For more information, see documentation of vmaFlushAllocation().
-
-\param allocator
-\param allocationCount
-\param allocations
-\param offsets If not null, it must point to an array of offsets of regions to flush, relative to the beginning of respective allocations. Null means all ofsets are zero.
-\param sizes If not null, it must point to an array of sizes of regions to flush in respective allocations. Null means `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` for all allocations.
-
-This function returns the `VkResult` from `vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges` if it is
-called, otherwise `VK_SUCCESS`.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaFlushAllocations(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    uint32_t allocationCount,
-    const VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) allocations,
-    const VkDeviceSize* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) offsets,
-    const VkDeviceSize* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) sizes);
-
-/** \brief Invalidates memory of given set of allocations.
-
-Calls `vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges()` for memory associated with given ranges of given allocations.
-For more information, see documentation of vmaInvalidateAllocation().
-
-\param allocator
-\param allocationCount
-\param allocations
-\param offsets If not null, it must point to an array of offsets of regions to flush, relative to the beginning of respective allocations. Null means all ofsets are zero.
-\param sizes If not null, it must point to an array of sizes of regions to flush in respective allocations. Null means `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` for all allocations.
-
-This function returns the `VkResult` from `vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges` if it is
-called, otherwise `VK_SUCCESS`.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaInvalidateAllocations(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    uint32_t allocationCount,
-    const VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) allocations,
-    const VkDeviceSize* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) offsets,
-    const VkDeviceSize* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) sizes);
-
-/** \brief Checks magic number in margins around all allocations in given memory types (in both default and custom pools) in search for corruptions.
-
-\param allocator
-\param memoryTypeBits Bit mask, where each bit set means that a memory type with that index should be checked.
-
-Corruption detection is enabled only when `VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION` macro is defined to nonzero,
-`VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN` is defined to nonzero and only for memory types that are
-`HOST_VISIBLE` and `HOST_COHERENT`. For more information, see [Corruption detection](@ref debugging_memory_usage_corruption_detection).
-
-Possible return values:
-
-- `VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT` - corruption detection is not enabled for any of specified memory types.
-- `VK_SUCCESS` - corruption detection has been performed and succeeded.
-- `VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN` - corruption detection has been performed and found memory corruptions around one of the allocations.
-  `VMA_ASSERT` is also fired in that case.
-- Other value: Error returned by Vulkan, e.g. memory mapping failure.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCheckCorruption(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    uint32_t memoryTypeBits);
-
-/** \brief Begins defragmentation process.
-
-\param allocator Allocator object.
-\param pInfo Structure filled with parameters of defragmentation.
-\param[out] pStats Optional. Statistics of defragmentation. You can pass null if you are not interested in this information.
-\param[out] pContext Context object that must be passed to vmaDefragmentationEnd() to finish defragmentation.
-\return `VK_SUCCESS` and `*pContext == null` if defragmentation finished within this function call. `VK_NOT_READY` and `*pContext != null` if defragmentation has been started and you need to call vmaDefragmentationEnd() to finish it. Negative value in case of error.
-
-Use this function instead of old, deprecated vmaDefragment().
-
-Warning! Between the call to vmaDefragmentationBegin() and vmaDefragmentationEnd():
-
-- You should not use any of allocations passed as `pInfo->pAllocations` or
-  any allocations that belong to pools passed as `pInfo->pPools`,
-  including calling vmaGetAllocationInfo(), or access
-  their data.
-- Some mutexes protecting internal data structures may be locked, so trying to
-  make or free any allocations, bind buffers or images, map memory, or launch
-  another simultaneous defragmentation in between may cause stall (when done on
-  another thread) or deadlock (when done on the same thread), unless you are
-  100% sure that defragmented allocations are in different pools.
-- Information returned via `pStats` and `pInfo->pAllocationsChanged` are undefined.
-  They become valid after call to vmaDefragmentationEnd().
-- If `pInfo->commandBuffer` is not null, you must submit that command buffer
-  and make sure it finished execution before calling vmaDefragmentationEnd().
-
-For more information and important limitations regarding defragmentation, see documentation chapter:
-[Defragmentation](@ref defragmentation).
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaDefragmentationBegin(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    const VmaDefragmentationInfo2* VMA_NOT_NULL pInfo,
-    VmaDefragmentationStats* VMA_NULLABLE pStats,
-    VmaDefragmentationContext VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pContext);
-
-/** \brief Ends defragmentation process.
-
-Use this function to finish defragmentation started by vmaDefragmentationBegin().
-It is safe to pass `context == null`. The function then does nothing.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaDefragmentationEnd(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaDefragmentationContext VMA_NULLABLE context);
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBeginDefragmentationPass(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaDefragmentationContext VMA_NULLABLE context,
-    VmaDefragmentationPassInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pInfo);
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaEndDefragmentationPass(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaDefragmentationContext VMA_NULLABLE context);
-
-/** \brief Deprecated. Compacts memory by moving allocations.
-
-\param allocator
-\param pAllocations Array of allocations that can be moved during this compation.
-\param allocationCount Number of elements in pAllocations and pAllocationsChanged arrays.
-\param[out] pAllocationsChanged Array of boolean values that will indicate whether matching allocation in pAllocations array has been moved. This parameter is optional. Pass null if you don't need this information.
-\param pDefragmentationInfo Configuration parameters. Optional - pass null to use default values.
-\param[out] pDefragmentationStats Statistics returned by the function. Optional - pass null if you don't need this information.
-\return `VK_SUCCESS` if completed, negative error code in case of error.
-
-\deprecated This is a part of the old interface. It is recommended to use structure #VmaDefragmentationInfo2 and function vmaDefragmentationBegin() instead.
-
-This function works by moving allocations to different places (different
-`VkDeviceMemory` objects and/or different offsets) in order to optimize memory
-usage. Only allocations that are in `pAllocations` array can be moved. All other
-allocations are considered nonmovable in this call. Basic rules:
-
-- Only allocations made in memory types that have
-  `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` and `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT`
-  flags can be compacted. You may pass other allocations but it makes no sense -
-  these will never be moved.
-- Custom pools created with #VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT or
-  #VMA_POOL_CREATE_BUDDY_ALGORITHM_BIT flag are not defragmented. Allocations
-  passed to this function that come from such pools are ignored.
-- Allocations created with #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT or
-  created as dedicated allocations for any other reason are also ignored.
-- Both allocations made with or without #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT
-  flag can be compacted. If not persistently mapped, memory will be mapped
-  temporarily inside this function if needed.
-- You must not pass same #VmaAllocation object multiple times in `pAllocations` array.
-
-The function also frees empty `VkDeviceMemory` blocks.
-
-Warning: This function may be time-consuming, so you shouldn't call it too often
-(like after every resource creation/destruction).
-You can call it on special occasions (like when reloading a game level or
-when you just destroyed a lot of objects). Calling it every frame may be OK, but
-you should measure that on your platform.
-
-For more information, see [Defragmentation](@ref defragmentation) chapter.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaDefragment(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    const VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL* VMA_NOT_NULL VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) pAllocations,
-    size_t allocationCount,
-    VkBool32* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) pAllocationsChanged,
-    const VmaDefragmentationInfo* VMA_NULLABLE pDefragmentationInfo,
-    VmaDefragmentationStats* VMA_NULLABLE pDefragmentationStats);
-
-/** \brief Binds buffer to allocation.
-
-Binds specified buffer to region of memory represented by specified allocation.
-Gets `VkDeviceMemory` handle and offset from the allocation.
-If you want to create a buffer, allocate memory for it and bind them together separately,
-you should use this function for binding instead of standard `vkBindBufferMemory()`,
-because it ensures proper synchronization so that when a `VkDeviceMemory` object is used by multiple
-allocations, calls to `vkBind*Memory()` or `vkMapMemory()` won't happen from multiple threads simultaneously
-(which is illegal in Vulkan).
-
-It is recommended to use function vmaCreateBuffer() instead of this one.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBindBufferMemory(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
-    VkBuffer VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE buffer);
-
-/** \brief Binds buffer to allocation with additional parameters.
-
-\param allocator
-\param allocation
-\param allocationLocalOffset Additional offset to be added while binding, relative to the beginning of the `allocation`. Normally it should be 0.
-\param buffer
-\param pNext A chain of structures to be attached to `VkBindBufferMemoryInfoKHR` structure used internally. Normally it should be null.
-
-This function is similar to vmaBindBufferMemory(), but it provides additional parameters.
-
-If `pNext` is not null, #VmaAllocator object must have been created with #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_BIND_MEMORY2_BIT flag
-or with VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::vulkanApiVersion `>= VK_API_VERSION_1_1`. Otherwise the call fails.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBindBufferMemory2(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
-    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
-    VkBuffer VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE buffer,
-    const void* VMA_NULLABLE pNext);
-
-/** \brief Binds image to allocation.
-
-Binds specified image to region of memory represented by specified allocation.
-Gets `VkDeviceMemory` handle and offset from the allocation.
-If you want to create an image, allocate memory for it and bind them together separately,
-you should use this function for binding instead of standard `vkBindImageMemory()`,
-because it ensures proper synchronization so that when a `VkDeviceMemory` object is used by multiple
-allocations, calls to `vkBind*Memory()` or `vkMapMemory()` won't happen from multiple threads simultaneously
-(which is illegal in Vulkan).
-
-It is recommended to use function vmaCreateImage() instead of this one.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBindImageMemory(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
-    VkImage VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE image);
-
-/** \brief Binds image to allocation with additional parameters.
-
-\param allocator
-\param allocation
-\param allocationLocalOffset Additional offset to be added while binding, relative to the beginning of the `allocation`. Normally it should be 0.
-\param image
-\param pNext A chain of structures to be attached to `VkBindImageMemoryInfoKHR` structure used internally. Normally it should be null.
-
-This function is similar to vmaBindImageMemory(), but it provides additional parameters.
-
-If `pNext` is not null, #VmaAllocator object must have been created with #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_BIND_MEMORY2_BIT flag
-or with VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::vulkanApiVersion `>= VK_API_VERSION_1_1`. Otherwise the call fails.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBindImageMemory2(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
-    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
-    VkImage VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE image,
-    const void* VMA_NULLABLE pNext);
-
-/**
-\param allocator
-\param pBufferCreateInfo
-\param pAllocationCreateInfo
-\param[out] pBuffer Buffer that was created.
-\param[out] pAllocation Allocation that was created.
-\param[out] pAllocationInfo Optional. Information about allocated memory. It can be later fetched using function vmaGetAllocationInfo().
-
-This function automatically:
-
--# Creates buffer.
--# Allocates appropriate memory for it.
--# Binds the buffer with the memory.
-
-If any of these operations fail, buffer and allocation are not created,
-returned value is negative error code, *pBuffer and *pAllocation are null.
-
-If the function succeeded, you must destroy both buffer and allocation when you
-no longer need them using either convenience function vmaDestroyBuffer() or
-separately, using `vkDestroyBuffer()` and vmaFreeMemory().
-
-If #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT flag was used,
-VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation extension is used internally to query driver whether
-it requires or prefers the new buffer to have dedicated allocation. If yes,
-and if dedicated allocation is possible
-(#VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT is not used), it creates dedicated
-allocation for this buffer, just like when using
-#VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT.
-
-\note This function creates a new `VkBuffer`. Sub-allocation of parts of one large buffer,
-although recommended as a good practice, is out of scope of this library and could be implemented
-by the user as a higher-level logic on top of VMA.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateBuffer(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    const VkBufferCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pBufferCreateInfo,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocationCreateInfo,
-    VkBuffer VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pBuffer,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocation,
-    VmaAllocationInfo* VMA_NULLABLE pAllocationInfo);
-
-/** \brief Creates a buffer with additional minimum alignment.
-
-Similar to vmaCreateBuffer() but provides additional parameter `minAlignment` which allows to specify custom,
-minimum alignment to be used when placing the buffer inside a larger memory block, which may be needed e.g.
-for interop with OpenGL.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateBufferWithAlignment(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    const VkBufferCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pBufferCreateInfo,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocationCreateInfo,
-    VkDeviceSize minAlignment,
-    VkBuffer VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pBuffer,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocation,
-    VmaAllocationInfo* VMA_NULLABLE pAllocationInfo);
-
-/** \brief Destroys Vulkan buffer and frees allocated memory.
-
-This is just a convenience function equivalent to:
-
-\code
-vkDestroyBuffer(device, buffer, allocationCallbacks);
-vmaFreeMemory(allocator, allocation);
-\endcode
-
-It it safe to pass null as buffer and/or allocation.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaDestroyBuffer(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VkBuffer VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE buffer,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE allocation);
-
-/// Function similar to vmaCreateBuffer().
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateImage(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    const VkImageCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pImageCreateInfo,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocationCreateInfo,
-    VkImage VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pImage,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocation,
-    VmaAllocationInfo* VMA_NULLABLE pAllocationInfo);
-
-/** \brief Destroys Vulkan image and frees allocated memory.
-
-This is just a convenience function equivalent to:
-
-\code
-vkDestroyImage(device, image, allocationCallbacks);
-vmaFreeMemory(allocator, allocation);
-\endcode
-
-It it safe to pass null as image and/or allocation.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaDestroyImage(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VkImage VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE image,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE allocation);
-
-/** @} */
-
-/**
-\addtogroup group_virtual
-@{
-*/
-
-/** \brief Creates new #VmaVirtualBlock object.
-
-\param pCreateInfo Parameters for creation.
-\param[out] pVirtualBlock Returned virtual block object or `VMA_NULL` if creation failed.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateVirtualBlock(
-    const VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pCreateInfo,
-    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pVirtualBlock);
-
-/** \brief Destroys #VmaVirtualBlock object.
-
-Please note that you should consciously handle virtual allocations that could remain unfreed in the block.
-You should either free them individually using vmaVirtualFree() or call vmaClearVirtualBlock()
-if you are sure this is what you want. If you do neither, an assert is called.
-
-If you keep pointers to some additional metadata associated with your virtual allocations in their `pUserData`,
-don't forget to free them.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaDestroyVirtualBlock(
-    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NULLABLE virtualBlock);
-
-/** \brief Returns true of the #VmaVirtualBlock is empty - contains 0 virtual allocations and has all its space available for new allocations.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkBool32 VMA_CALL_POST vmaIsVirtualBlockEmpty(
-    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock);
-
-/** \brief Returns information about a specific virtual allocation within a virtual block, like its size and `pUserData` pointer.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetVirtualAllocationInfo(
-    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
-    VmaVirtualAllocation allocation, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pVirtualAllocInfo);
-
-/** \brief Allocates new virtual allocation inside given #VmaVirtualBlock.
-
-If the allocation fails due to not enough free space available, `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY` is returned
-(despite the function doesn't ever allocate actual GPU memory).
-`pAllocation` is then set to `VK_NULL_HANDLE` and `pOffset`, if not null, it set to `UINT64_MAX`.
-
-\param virtualBlock Virtual block
-\param pCreateInfo Parameters for the allocation
-\param[out] pAllocation Returned handle of the new allocation
-\param[out] pOffset Returned offset of the new allocation. Optional, can be null.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaVirtualAllocate(
-    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
-    const VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pCreateInfo,
-    VmaVirtualAllocation* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocation,
-    VkDeviceSize* VMA_NULLABLE pOffset);
-
-/** \brief Frees virtual allocation inside given #VmaVirtualBlock.
-
-It is correct to call this function with `allocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE` - it does nothing.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaVirtualFree(
-    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
-    VmaVirtualAllocation allocation);
-
-/** \brief Frees all virtual allocations inside given #VmaVirtualBlock.
-
-You must either call this function or free each virtual allocation individually with vmaVirtualFree()
-before destroying a virtual block. Otherwise, an assert is called.
-
-If you keep pointer to some additional metadata associated with your virtual allocation in its `pUserData`,
-don't forget to free it as well.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaClearVirtualBlock(
-    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock);
-
-/** \brief Changes custom pointer associated with given virtual allocation.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaSetVirtualAllocationUserData(
-    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
-    VmaVirtualAllocation allocation,
-    void* VMA_NULLABLE pUserData);
-
-/** \brief Calculates and returns statistics about virtual allocations and memory usage in given #VmaVirtualBlock.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaCalculateVirtualBlockStats(
-    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
-    VmaStatInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pStatInfo);
-
-/** @} */
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-/**
-\addtogroup group_stats
-@{
-*/
-
-/** \brief Builds and returns a null-terminated string in JSON format with information about given #VmaVirtualBlock.
-\param virtualBlock Virtual block.
-\param[out] ppStatsString Returned string.
-\param detailedMap Pass `VK_FALSE` to only obtain statistics as returned by vmaCalculateVirtualBlockStats(). Pass `VK_TRUE` to also obtain full list of allocations and free spaces.
-
-Returned string must be freed using vmaFreeVirtualBlockStatsString().
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaBuildVirtualBlockStatsString(
-    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
-    char* VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL ppStatsString,
-    VkBool32 detailedMap);
-
-/// Frees a string returned by vmaBuildVirtualBlockStatsString().
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaFreeVirtualBlockStatsString(
-    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
-    char* VMA_NULLABLE pStatsString);
-
-/** \brief Builds and returns statistics as a null-terminated string in JSON format.
-\param allocator
-\param[out] ppStatsString Must be freed using vmaFreeStatsString() function.
-\param detailedMap
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaBuildStatsString(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    char* VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL ppStatsString,
-    VkBool32 detailedMap);
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaFreeStatsString(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    char* VMA_NULLABLE pStatsString);
-
-/** @} */
-
-#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-
-#endif // _VMA_FUNCTION_HEADERS
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
-
-#endif // AMD_VULKAN_MEMORY_ALLOCATOR_H
-
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// 
-//    IMPLEMENTATION
-// 
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-// For Visual Studio IntelliSense.
-#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__INTELLISENSE__)
-#define VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
-#endif
-
-#ifdef VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
-#undef VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
-
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <utility>
-
-/*******************************************************************************
-CONFIGURATION SECTION
-
-Define some of these macros before each #include of this header or change them
-here if you need other then default behavior depending on your environment.
-*/
-#ifndef _VMA_CONFIGURATION
-
-/*
-Define this macro to 1 to make the library fetch pointers to Vulkan functions
-internally, like:
-
-    vulkanFunctions.vkAllocateMemory = &vkAllocateMemory;
-*/
-#if !defined(VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS) && !defined(VK_NO_PROTOTYPES)
-    #define VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 1
-#endif
-
-/*
-Define this macro to 1 to make the library fetch pointers to Vulkan functions
-internally, like:
-
-    vulkanFunctions.vkAllocateMemory = (PFN_vkAllocateMemory)vkGetDeviceProcAddr(device, "vkAllocateMemory");
-
-To use this feature in new versions of VMA you now have to pass
-VmaVulkanFunctions::vkGetInstanceProcAddr and vkGetDeviceProcAddr as
-VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pVulkanFunctions. Other members can be null.
-*/
-#if !defined(VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS)
-    #define VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 1
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_USE_STL_SHARED_MUTEX
-    // Compiler conforms to C++17.
-    #if __cplusplus >= 201703L
-        #define VMA_USE_STL_SHARED_MUTEX 1
-    // Visual studio defines __cplusplus properly only when passed additional parameter: /Zc:__cplusplus
-    // Otherwise it is always 199711L, despite shared_mutex works since Visual Studio 2015 Update 2.
-    #elif defined(_MSC_FULL_VER) && _MSC_FULL_VER >= 190023918 && __cplusplus == 199711L && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L
-        #define VMA_USE_STL_SHARED_MUTEX 1
-    #else
-        #define VMA_USE_STL_SHARED_MUTEX 0
-    #endif
-#endif
-
-/*
-Define this macro to include custom header files without having to edit this file directly, e.g.:
-
-    // Inside of "my_vma_configuration_user_includes.h":
-
-    #include "my_custom_assert.h" // for MY_CUSTOM_ASSERT
-    #include "my_custom_min.h" // for my_custom_min
-    #include <algorithm>
-    #include <mutex>
-
-    // Inside a different file, which includes "vk_mem_alloc.h":
-
-    #define VMA_CONFIGURATION_USER_INCLUDES_H "my_vma_configuration_user_includes.h"
-    #define VMA_ASSERT(expr) MY_CUSTOM_ASSERT(expr)
-    #define VMA_MIN(v1, v2)  (my_custom_min(v1, v2))
-    #include "vk_mem_alloc.h"
-    ...
-
-The following headers are used in this CONFIGURATION section only, so feel free to
-remove them if not needed.
-*/
-#if !defined(VMA_CONFIGURATION_USER_INCLUDES_H)
-    #include <cassert> // for assert
-    #include <algorithm> // for min, max
-    #include <mutex>
-#else
-    #include VMA_CONFIGURATION_USER_INCLUDES_H
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_NULL
-   // Value used as null pointer. Define it to e.g.: nullptr, NULL, 0, (void*)0.
-   #define VMA_NULL   nullptr
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__ANDROID_API__) && (__ANDROID_API__ < 16)
-#include <cstdlib>
-static void* vma_aligned_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t size)
-{
-    // alignment must be >= sizeof(void*)
-    if(alignment < sizeof(void*))
-    {
-        alignment = sizeof(void*);
-    }
-
-    return memalign(alignment, size);
-}
-#elif defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__ANDROID__) || (defined(__linux__) && defined(__GLIBCXX__) && !defined(_GLIBCXX_HAVE_ALIGNED_ALLOC))
-#include <cstdlib>
-
-#if defined(__APPLE__)
-#include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
-#endif
-
-static void* vma_aligned_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t size)
-{
-    // Unfortunately, aligned_alloc causes VMA to crash due to it returning null pointers. (At least under 11.4)
-    // Therefore, for now disable this specific exception until a proper solution is found.
-    //#if defined(__APPLE__) && (defined(MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_16) || defined(__IPHONE_14_0))
-    //#if MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_16 || __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= __IPHONE_14_0
-    //    // For C++14, usr/include/malloc/_malloc.h declares aligned_alloc()) only
-    //    // with the MacOSX11.0 SDK in Xcode 12 (which is what adds
-    //    // MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_16), even though the function is marked
-    //    // availabe for 10.15. That is why the preprocessor checks for 10.16 but
-    //    // the __builtin_available checks for 10.15.
-    //    // People who use C++17 could call aligned_alloc with the 10.15 SDK already.
-    //    if (__builtin_available(macOS 10.15, iOS 13, *))
-    //        return aligned_alloc(alignment, size);
-    //#endif
-    //#endif
-
-    // alignment must be >= sizeof(void*)
-    if(alignment < sizeof(void*))
-    {
-        alignment = sizeof(void*);
-    }
-
-    void *pointer;
-    if(posix_memalign(&pointer, alignment, size) == 0)
-        return pointer;
-    return VMA_NULL;
-}
-#elif defined(_WIN32)
-static void* vma_aligned_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t size)
-{
-    return _aligned_malloc(size, alignment);
-}
-#else
-static void* vma_aligned_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t size)
-{
-    return aligned_alloc(alignment, size);
-}
-#endif
-
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-static void vma_aligned_free(void* ptr)
-{
-    _aligned_free(ptr);
-}
-#else
-static void vma_aligned_free(void* VMA_NULLABLE ptr)
-{
-    free(ptr);
-}
-#endif
-
-// If your compiler is not compatible with C++11 and definition of
-// aligned_alloc() function is missing, uncommeting following line may help:
-
-//#include <malloc.h>
-
-// Normal assert to check for programmer's errors, especially in Debug configuration.
-#ifndef VMA_ASSERT
-   #ifdef NDEBUG
-       #define VMA_ASSERT(expr)
-   #else
-       #define VMA_ASSERT(expr)         assert(expr)
-   #endif
-#endif
-
-// Assert that will be called very often, like inside data structures e.g. operator[].
-// Making it non-empty can make program slow.
-#ifndef VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT
-   #ifdef NDEBUG
-       #define VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(expr)
-   #else
-       #define VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(expr)   //VMA_ASSERT(expr)
-   #endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_ALIGN_OF
-   #define VMA_ALIGN_OF(type)       (__alignof(type))
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_SYSTEM_ALIGNED_MALLOC
-   #define VMA_SYSTEM_ALIGNED_MALLOC(size, alignment) vma_aligned_alloc((alignment), (size))
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_SYSTEM_ALIGNED_FREE
-   // VMA_SYSTEM_FREE is the old name, but might have been defined by the user
-   #if defined(VMA_SYSTEM_FREE)
-      #define VMA_SYSTEM_ALIGNED_FREE(ptr)     VMA_SYSTEM_FREE(ptr)
-   #else
-      #define VMA_SYSTEM_ALIGNED_FREE(ptr)     vma_aligned_free(ptr)
-    #endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_BITSCAN_LSB
-    // Scans integer for index of first nonzero value from the Least Significant Bit (LSB). If mask is 0 then returns UINT8_MAX
-    #define VMA_BITSCAN_LSB(mask) VmaBitScanLSB(mask)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_BITSCAN_MSB
-    // Scans integer for index of first nonzero value from the Most Significant Bit (MSB). If mask is 0 then returns UINT8_MAX
-    #define VMA_BITSCAN_MSB(mask) VmaBitScanMSB(mask)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_MIN
-   #define VMA_MIN(v1, v2)    ((std::min)((v1), (v2)))
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_MAX
-   #define VMA_MAX(v1, v2)    ((std::max)((v1), (v2)))
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_SWAP
-   #define VMA_SWAP(v1, v2)   std::swap((v1), (v2))
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_SORT
-   #define VMA_SORT(beg, end, cmp)  std::sort(beg, end, cmp)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_LOG
-   #define VMA_DEBUG_LOG(format, ...)
-   /*
-   #define VMA_DEBUG_LOG(format, ...) do { \
-       printf(format, __VA_ARGS__); \
-       printf("\n"); \
-   } while(false)
-   */
-#endif
-
-// Define this macro to 1 to enable functions: vmaBuildStatsString, vmaFreeStatsString.
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-    static inline void VmaUint32ToStr(char* VMA_NOT_NULL outStr, size_t strLen, uint32_t num)
-    {
-        snprintf(outStr, strLen, "%u", static_cast<unsigned int>(num));
-    }
-    static inline void VmaUint64ToStr(char* VMA_NOT_NULL outStr, size_t strLen, uint64_t num)
-    {
-        snprintf(outStr, strLen, "%llu", static_cast<unsigned long long>(num));
-    }
-    static inline void VmaPtrToStr(char* VMA_NOT_NULL outStr, size_t strLen, const void* ptr)
-    {
-        snprintf(outStr, strLen, "%p", ptr);
-    }
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_MUTEX
-    class VmaMutex
-    {
-    public:
-        void Lock() { m_Mutex.lock(); }
-        void Unlock() { m_Mutex.unlock(); }
-        bool TryLock() { return m_Mutex.try_lock(); }
-    private:
-        std::mutex m_Mutex;
-    };
-    #define VMA_MUTEX VmaMutex
-#endif
-
-// Read-write mutex, where "read" is shared access, "write" is exclusive access.
-#ifndef VMA_RW_MUTEX
-    #if VMA_USE_STL_SHARED_MUTEX
-        // Use std::shared_mutex from C++17.
-        #include <shared_mutex>
-        class VmaRWMutex
-        {
-        public:
-            void LockRead() { m_Mutex.lock_shared(); }
-            void UnlockRead() { m_Mutex.unlock_shared(); }
-            bool TryLockRead() { return m_Mutex.try_lock_shared(); }
-            void LockWrite() { m_Mutex.lock(); }
-            void UnlockWrite() { m_Mutex.unlock(); }
-            bool TryLockWrite() { return m_Mutex.try_lock(); }
-        private:
-            std::shared_mutex m_Mutex;
-        };
-        #define VMA_RW_MUTEX VmaRWMutex
-    #elif defined(_WIN32) && defined(WINVER) && WINVER >= 0x0600
-        // Use SRWLOCK from WinAPI.
-        // Minimum supported client = Windows Vista, server = Windows Server 2008.
-        class VmaRWMutex
-        {
-        public:
-            VmaRWMutex() { InitializeSRWLock(&m_Lock); }
-            void LockRead() { AcquireSRWLockShared(&m_Lock); }
-            void UnlockRead() { ReleaseSRWLockShared(&m_Lock); }
-            bool TryLockRead() { return TryAcquireSRWLockShared(&m_Lock) != FALSE; }
-            void LockWrite() { AcquireSRWLockExclusive(&m_Lock); }
-            void UnlockWrite() { ReleaseSRWLockExclusive(&m_Lock); }
-            bool TryLockWrite() { return TryAcquireSRWLockExclusive(&m_Lock) != FALSE; }
-        private:
-            SRWLOCK m_Lock;
-        };
-        #define VMA_RW_MUTEX VmaRWMutex
-    #else
-        // Less efficient fallback: Use normal mutex.
-        class VmaRWMutex
-        {
-        public:
-            void LockRead() { m_Mutex.Lock(); }
-            void UnlockRead() { m_Mutex.Unlock(); }
-            bool TryLockRead() { return m_Mutex.TryLock(); }
-            void LockWrite() { m_Mutex.Lock(); }
-            void UnlockWrite() { m_Mutex.Unlock(); }
-            bool TryLockWrite() { return m_Mutex.TryLock(); }
-        private:
-            VMA_MUTEX m_Mutex;
-        };
-        #define VMA_RW_MUTEX VmaRWMutex
-    #endif // #if VMA_USE_STL_SHARED_MUTEX
-#endif // #ifndef VMA_RW_MUTEX
-
-/*
-If providing your own implementation, you need to implement a subset of std::atomic.
-*/
-#ifndef VMA_ATOMIC_UINT32
-    #include <atomic>
-    #define VMA_ATOMIC_UINT32 std::atomic<uint32_t>
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_ATOMIC_UINT64
-    #include <atomic>
-    #define VMA_ATOMIC_UINT64 std::atomic<uint64_t>
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_ALWAYS_DEDICATED_MEMORY
-    /**
-    Every allocation will have its own memory block.
-    Define to 1 for debugging purposes only.
-    */
-    #define VMA_DEBUG_ALWAYS_DEDICATED_MEMORY (0)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT
-    /**
-    Minimum alignment of all allocations, in bytes.
-    Set to more than 1 for debugging purposes. Must be power of two.
-    */
-    #ifdef VMA_DEBUG_ALIGNMENT // Old name
-        #define VMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT VMA_DEBUG_ALIGNMENT
-    #else
-        #define VMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT (1)
-    #endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN
-    /**
-    Minimum margin after every allocation, in bytes.
-    Set nonzero for debugging purposes only.
-    */
-    #define VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN (0)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS
-    /**
-    Define this macro to 1 to automatically fill new allocations and destroyed
-    allocations with some bit pattern.
-    */
-    #define VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS (0)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION
-    /**
-    Define this macro to 1 together with non-zero value of VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN to
-    enable writing magic value to the margin after every allocation and
-    validating it, so that memory corruptions (out-of-bounds writes) are detected.
-    */
-    #define VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION (0)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX
-    /**
-    Set this to 1 for debugging purposes only, to enable single mutex protecting all
-    entry calls to the library. Can be useful for debugging multithreading issues.
-    */
-    #define VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX (0)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_MIN_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY
-    /**
-    Minimum value for VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::bufferImageGranularity.
-    Set to more than 1 for debugging purposes only. Must be power of two.
-    */
-    #define VMA_DEBUG_MIN_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY (1)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_DONT_EXCEED_MAX_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_COUNT
-    /*
-    Set this to 1 to make VMA never exceed VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::maxMemoryAllocationCount
-    and return error instead of leaving up to Vulkan implementation what to do in such cases.
-    */
-    #define VMA_DEBUG_DONT_EXCEED_MAX_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_COUNT (0)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_SMALL_HEAP_MAX_SIZE
-   /// Maximum size of a memory heap in Vulkan to consider it "small".
-   #define VMA_SMALL_HEAP_MAX_SIZE (1024ull * 1024 * 1024)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_DEFAULT_LARGE_HEAP_BLOCK_SIZE
-   /// Default size of a block allocated as single VkDeviceMemory from a "large" heap.
-   #define VMA_DEFAULT_LARGE_HEAP_BLOCK_SIZE (256ull * 1024 * 1024)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY
-    #define VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(className) \
-        private: \
-            className(const className&) = delete; \
-            className& operator=(const className&) = delete;
-#endif
-
-#define VMA_VALIDATE(cond) do { if(!(cond)) { \
-        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Validation failed: " #cond); \
-        return false; \
-    } } while(false)
-
-/*******************************************************************************
-END OF CONFIGURATION
-*/
-#endif // _VMA_CONFIGURATION
-
-
-static const uint8_t VMA_ALLOCATION_FILL_PATTERN_CREATED = 0xDC;
-static const uint8_t VMA_ALLOCATION_FILL_PATTERN_DESTROYED = 0xEF;
-// Decimal 2139416166, float NaN, little-endian binary 66 E6 84 7F.
-static const uint32_t VMA_CORRUPTION_DETECTION_MAGIC_VALUE = 0x7F84E666;
-
-// Copy of some Vulkan definitions so we don't need to check their existence just to handle few constants.
-static const uint32_t VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_COHERENT_BIT_AMD_COPY = 0x00000040;
-static const uint32_t VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_UNCACHED_BIT_AMD_COPY = 0x00000080;
-static const uint32_t VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT_COPY = 0x00020000;
-static const uint32_t VMA_ALLOCATION_INTERNAL_STRATEGY_MIN_OFFSET = 0x10000000u;
-static const uint32_t VMA_ALLOCATION_TRY_COUNT = 32;
-static const uint32_t VMA_VENDOR_ID_AMD = 4098;
-
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-// Correspond to values of enum VmaSuballocationType.
-static const char* VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_NAMES[] =
-{
-    "FREE",
-    "UNKNOWN",
-    "BUFFER",
-    "IMAGE_UNKNOWN",
-    "IMAGE_LINEAR",
-    "IMAGE_OPTIMAL",
-};
-#endif
-
-static VkAllocationCallbacks VmaEmptyAllocationCallbacks =
-    { VMA_NULL, VMA_NULL, VMA_NULL, VMA_NULL, VMA_NULL, VMA_NULL };
-
-
-#ifndef _VMA_ENUM_DECLARATIONS
-
-enum VmaSuballocationType
-{
-    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE = 0,
-    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 1,
-    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_BUFFER = 2,
-    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_UNKNOWN = 3,
-    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_LINEAR = 4,
-    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL = 5,
-    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF
-};
-
-enum VMA_CACHE_OPERATION
-{
-    VMA_CACHE_FLUSH,
-    VMA_CACHE_INVALIDATE
-};
-
-enum class VmaAllocationRequestType
-{
-    Normal,
-    TLSF,
-    // Used by "Linear" algorithm.
-    UpperAddress,
-    EndOf1st,
-    EndOf2nd,
-};
-
-#endif // _VMA_ENUM_DECLARATIONS
-
-#ifndef _VMA_FORWARD_DECLARATIONS
-// Opaque handle used by allocation algorithms to identify single allocation in any conforming way.
-VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VmaAllocHandle);
-
-struct VmaMutexLock;
-struct VmaMutexLockRead;
-struct VmaMutexLockWrite;
-
-template<typename T>
-struct AtomicTransactionalIncrement;
-
-template<typename T>
-struct VmaStlAllocator;
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
-class VmaVector;
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT, size_t N>
-class VmaSmallVector;
-
-template<typename T>
-class VmaPoolAllocator;
-
-template<typename T>
-struct VmaListItem;
-
-template<typename T>
-class VmaRawList;
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
-class VmaList;
-
-template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
-class VmaIntrusiveLinkedList;
-
-// Unused in this version
-#if 0
-template<typename T1, typename T2>
-struct VmaPair;
-template<typename FirstT, typename SecondT>
-struct VmaPairFirstLess;
-
-template<typename KeyT, typename ValueT>
-class VmaMap;
-#endif
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-class VmaStringBuilder;
-class VmaJsonWriter;
-#endif
-
-class VmaDeviceMemoryBlock;
-
-struct VmaDedicatedAllocationListItemTraits;
-class VmaDedicatedAllocationList;
-
-struct VmaSuballocation;
-struct VmaSuballocationOffsetLess;
-struct VmaSuballocationOffsetGreater;
-struct VmaSuballocationItemSizeLess;
-
-typedef VmaList<VmaSuballocation, VmaStlAllocator<VmaSuballocation>> VmaSuballocationList;
-
-struct VmaAllocationRequest;
-
-class VmaBlockMetadata;
-class VmaBlockMetadata_Generic;
-class VmaBlockMetadata_Linear;
-class VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy;
-class VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF;
-
-class VmaBlockVector;
-
-struct VmaDefragmentationMove;
-class VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm;
-class VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic;
-class VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast;
-
-struct VmaPoolListItemTraits;
-
-struct VmaBlockDefragmentationContext;
-class VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext;
-
-struct VmaCurrentBudgetData;
-
-class VmaAllocationObjectAllocator;
-
-#endif // _VMA_FORWARD_DECLARATIONS
-
-
-#ifndef _VMA_FUNCTIONS
-// Returns number of bits set to 1 in (v).
-static inline uint32_t VmaCountBitsSet(uint32_t v)
-{
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-    return __popcnt(v);
-#elif defined __GNUC__ || defined __clang__
-    return static_cast<uint32_t>(__builtin_popcount(v));
-#else
-    uint32_t c = v - ((v >> 1) & 0x55555555);
-    c = ((c >> 2) & 0x33333333) + (c & 0x33333333);
-    c = ((c >> 4) + c) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
-    c = ((c >> 8) + c) & 0x00FF00FF;
-    c = ((c >> 16) + c) & 0x0000FFFF;
-    return c;
-#endif
-}
-
-static inline uint8_t VmaBitScanLSB(uint64_t mask)
-{
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_WIN64)
-    unsigned long pos;
-    if (_BitScanForward64(&pos, mask))
-        return static_cast<uint8_t>(pos);
-    return UINT8_MAX;
-#elif defined __GNUC__ || defined __clang__
-    return static_cast<uint8_t>(__builtin_ffsll(mask)) - 1U;
-#else
-    uint8_t pos = 0;
-    uint64_t bit = 1;
-    do
-    {
-        if (mask & bit)
-            return pos;
-        bit <<= 1;
-    } while (pos++ < 63);
-    return UINT8_MAX;
-#endif
-}
-
-static inline uint8_t VmaBitScanLSB(uint32_t mask)
-{
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-    unsigned long pos;
-    if (_BitScanForward(&pos, mask))
-        return static_cast<uint8_t>(pos);
-    return UINT8_MAX;
-#elif defined __GNUC__ || defined __clang__
-    return static_cast<uint8_t>(__builtin_ffsl(mask)) - 1U;
-#else
-    uint8_t pos = 0;
-    uint32_t bit = 1;
-    do
-    {
-        if (mask & bit)
-            return pos;
-        bit <<= 1;
-    } while (pos++ < 31);
-    return UINT8_MAX;
-#endif
-}
-
-static inline uint8_t VmaBitScanMSB(uint64_t mask)
-{
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_WIN64)
-    unsigned long pos;
-    if (_BitScanReverse64(&pos, mask))
-        return static_cast<uint8_t>(pos);
-#elif defined __GNUC__ || defined __clang__
-    if (mask)
-        return static_cast<uint8_t>(__builtin_clzll(mask));
-#else
-    uint8_t pos = 63;
-    uint64_t bit = 1u << 63;
-    do
-    {
-        if (mask & bit)
-            return pos;
-        bit >>= 1;
-    } while (pos-- > 0);
-#endif
-    return UINT8_MAX;
-}
-
-static inline uint8_t VmaBitScanMSB(uint32_t mask)
-{
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-    unsigned long pos;
-    if (_BitScanReverse(&pos, mask))
-        return static_cast<uint8_t>(pos);
-#elif defined __GNUC__ || defined __clang__
-    if (mask)
-        return static_cast<uint8_t>(__builtin_clzl(mask));
-#else
-    uint8_t pos = 31;
-    uint32_t bit = 1 << 31;
-    do
-    {
-        if (mask & bit)
-            return pos;
-        bit >>= 1;
-    } while (pos-- > 0);
-#endif
-    return UINT8_MAX;
-}
-
-/*
-Returns true if given number is a power of two.
-T must be unsigned integer number or signed integer but always nonnegative.
-For 0 returns true.
-*/
-template <typename T>
-inline bool VmaIsPow2(T x)
-{
-    return (x & (x - 1)) == 0;
-}
-
-// Aligns given value up to nearest multiply of align value. For example: VmaAlignUp(11, 8) = 16.
-// Use types like uint32_t, uint64_t as T.
-template <typename T>
-static inline T VmaAlignUp(T val, T alignment)
-{
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(alignment));
-    return (val + alignment - 1) & ~(alignment - 1);
-}
-
-// Aligns given value down to nearest multiply of align value. For example: VmaAlignUp(11, 8) = 8.
-// Use types like uint32_t, uint64_t as T.
-template <typename T>
-static inline T VmaAlignDown(T val, T alignment)
-{
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(alignment));
-    return val & ~(alignment - 1);
-}
-
-// Division with mathematical rounding to nearest number.
-template <typename T>
-static inline T VmaRoundDiv(T x, T y)
-{
-    return (x + (y / (T)2)) / y;
-}
-
-// Divide by 'y' and round up to nearest integer.
-template <typename T>
-static inline T VmaDivideRoundingUp(T x, T y)
-{
-    return (x + y - (T)1) / y;
-}
-
-// Returns smallest power of 2 greater or equal to v.
-static inline uint32_t VmaNextPow2(uint32_t v)
-{
-    v--;
-    v |= v >> 1;
-    v |= v >> 2;
-    v |= v >> 4;
-    v |= v >> 8;
-    v |= v >> 16;
-    v++;
-    return v;
-}
-
-static inline uint64_t VmaNextPow2(uint64_t v)
-{
-    v--;
-    v |= v >> 1;
-    v |= v >> 2;
-    v |= v >> 4;
-    v |= v >> 8;
-    v |= v >> 16;
-    v |= v >> 32;
-    v++;
-    return v;
-}
-
-// Returns largest power of 2 less or equal to v.
-static inline uint32_t VmaPrevPow2(uint32_t v)
-{
-    v |= v >> 1;
-    v |= v >> 2;
-    v |= v >> 4;
-    v |= v >> 8;
-    v |= v >> 16;
-    v = v ^ (v >> 1);
-    return v;
-}
-
-static inline uint64_t VmaPrevPow2(uint64_t v)
-{
-    v |= v >> 1;
-    v |= v >> 2;
-    v |= v >> 4;
-    v |= v >> 8;
-    v |= v >> 16;
-    v |= v >> 32;
-    v = v ^ (v >> 1);
-    return v;
-}
-
-static inline bool VmaStrIsEmpty(const char* pStr)
-{
-    return pStr == VMA_NULL || *pStr == '\0';
-}
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-static const char* VmaAlgorithmToStr(uint32_t algorithm)
-{
-    switch (algorithm)
-    {
-    case VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT:
-        return "Linear";
-    case VMA_POOL_CREATE_BUDDY_ALGORITHM_BIT:
-        return "Buddy";
-    case VMA_POOL_CREATE_TLSF_ALGORITHM_BIT:
-        return "TLSF";
-    case 0:
-        return "Default";
-    default:
-        VMA_ASSERT(0);
-        return "";
-    }
-}
-#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-
-#ifndef VMA_SORT
-template<typename Iterator, typename Compare>
-Iterator VmaQuickSortPartition(Iterator beg, Iterator end, Compare cmp)
-{
-    Iterator centerValue = end; --centerValue;
-    Iterator insertIndex = beg;
-    for (Iterator memTypeIndex = beg; memTypeIndex < centerValue; ++memTypeIndex)
-    {
-        if (cmp(*memTypeIndex, *centerValue))
-        {
-            if (insertIndex != memTypeIndex)
-            {
-                VMA_SWAP(*memTypeIndex, *insertIndex);
-            }
-            ++insertIndex;
-        }
-    }
-    if (insertIndex != centerValue)
-    {
-        VMA_SWAP(*insertIndex, *centerValue);
-    }
-    return insertIndex;
-}
-
-template<typename Iterator, typename Compare>
-void VmaQuickSort(Iterator beg, Iterator end, Compare cmp)
-{
-    if (beg < end)
-    {
-        Iterator it = VmaQuickSortPartition<Iterator, Compare>(beg, end, cmp);
-        VmaQuickSort<Iterator, Compare>(beg, it, cmp);
-        VmaQuickSort<Iterator, Compare>(it + 1, end, cmp);
-    }
-}
-
-#define VMA_SORT(beg, end, cmp) VmaQuickSort(beg, end, cmp)
-#endif // VMA_SORT
-
-/*
-Returns true if two memory blocks occupy overlapping pages.
-ResourceA must be in less memory offset than ResourceB.
-
-Algorithm is based on "Vulkan 1.0.39 - A Specification (with all registered Vulkan extensions)"
-chapter 11.6 "Resource Memory Association", paragraph "Buffer-Image Granularity".
-*/
-static inline bool VmaBlocksOnSamePage(
-    VkDeviceSize resourceAOffset,
-    VkDeviceSize resourceASize,
-    VkDeviceSize resourceBOffset,
-    VkDeviceSize pageSize)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(resourceAOffset + resourceASize <= resourceBOffset && resourceASize > 0 && pageSize > 0);
-    VkDeviceSize resourceAEnd = resourceAOffset + resourceASize - 1;
-    VkDeviceSize resourceAEndPage = resourceAEnd & ~(pageSize - 1);
-    VkDeviceSize resourceBStart = resourceBOffset;
-    VkDeviceSize resourceBStartPage = resourceBStart & ~(pageSize - 1);
-    return resourceAEndPage == resourceBStartPage;
-}
-
-/*
-Returns true if given suballocation types could conflict and must respect
-VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::bufferImageGranularity. They conflict if one is buffer
-or linear image and another one is optimal image. If type is unknown, behave
-conservatively.
-*/
-static inline bool VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(
-    VmaSuballocationType suballocType1,
-    VmaSuballocationType suballocType2)
-{
-    if (suballocType1 > suballocType2)
-    {
-        VMA_SWAP(suballocType1, suballocType2);
-    }
-
-    switch (suballocType1)
-    {
-    case VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE:
-        return false;
-    case VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN:
-        return true;
-    case VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_BUFFER:
-        return
-            suballocType2 == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_UNKNOWN ||
-            suballocType2 == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL;
-    case VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_UNKNOWN:
-        return
-            suballocType2 == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_UNKNOWN ||
-            suballocType2 == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_LINEAR ||
-            suballocType2 == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL;
-    case VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_LINEAR:
-        return
-            suballocType2 == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL;
-    case VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL:
-        return false;
-    default:
-        VMA_ASSERT(0);
-        return true;
-    }
-}
-
-static void VmaWriteMagicValue(void* pData, VkDeviceSize offset)
-{
-#if VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > 0 && VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION
-    uint32_t* pDst = (uint32_t*)((char*)pData + offset);
-    const size_t numberCount = VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN / sizeof(uint32_t);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < numberCount; ++i, ++pDst)
-    {
-        *pDst = VMA_CORRUPTION_DETECTION_MAGIC_VALUE;
-    }
-#else
-    // no-op
-#endif
-}
-
-static bool VmaValidateMagicValue(const void* pData, VkDeviceSize offset)
-{
-#if VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > 0 && VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION
-    const uint32_t* pSrc = (const uint32_t*)((const char*)pData + offset);
-    const size_t numberCount = VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN / sizeof(uint32_t);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < numberCount; ++i, ++pSrc)
-    {
-        if (*pSrc != VMA_CORRUPTION_DETECTION_MAGIC_VALUE)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-#endif
-    return true;
-}
-
-/*
-Fills structure with parameters of an example buffer to be used for transfers
-during GPU memory defragmentation.
-*/
-static void VmaFillGpuDefragmentationBufferCreateInfo(VkBufferCreateInfo& outBufCreateInfo)
-{
-    memset(&outBufCreateInfo, 0, sizeof(outBufCreateInfo));
-    outBufCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
-    outBufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
-    outBufCreateInfo.size = (VkDeviceSize)VMA_DEFAULT_LARGE_HEAP_BLOCK_SIZE; // Example size.
-}
-
-
-/*
-Performs binary search and returns iterator to first element that is greater or
-equal to (key), according to comparison (cmp).
-
-Cmp should return true if first argument is less than second argument.
-
-Returned value is the found element, if present in the collection or place where
-new element with value (key) should be inserted.
-*/
-template <typename CmpLess, typename IterT, typename KeyT>
-static IterT VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(IterT beg, IterT end, const KeyT& key, const CmpLess& cmp)
-{
-    size_t down = 0, up = (end - beg);
-    while (down < up)
-    {
-        const size_t mid = down + (up - down) / 2;  // Overflow-safe midpoint calculation
-        if (cmp(*(beg + mid), key))
-        {
-            down = mid + 1;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            up = mid;
-        }
-    }
-    return beg + down;
-}
-
-template<typename CmpLess, typename IterT, typename KeyT>
-IterT VmaBinaryFindSorted(const IterT& beg, const IterT& end, const KeyT& value, const CmpLess& cmp)
-{
-    IterT it = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess<CmpLess, IterT, KeyT>(
-        beg, end, value, cmp);
-    if (it == end ||
-        (!cmp(*it, value) && !cmp(value, *it)))
-    {
-        return it;
-    }
-    return end;
-}
-
-/*
-Returns true if all pointers in the array are not-null and unique.
-Warning! O(n^2) complexity. Use only inside VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT.
-T must be pointer type, e.g. VmaAllocation, VmaPool.
-*/
-template<typename T>
-static bool VmaValidatePointerArray(uint32_t count, const T* arr)
-{
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i)
-    {
-        const T iPtr = arr[i];
-        if (iPtr == VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-        for (uint32_t j = i + 1; j < count; ++j)
-        {
-            if (iPtr == arr[j])
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-template<typename MainT, typename NewT>
-static inline void VmaPnextChainPushFront(MainT* mainStruct, NewT* newStruct)
-{
-    newStruct->pNext = mainStruct->pNext;
-    mainStruct->pNext = newStruct;
-}
-
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// Memory allocation
-
-static void* VmaMalloc(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, size_t size, size_t alignment)
-{
-    void* result = VMA_NULL;
-    if ((pAllocationCallbacks != VMA_NULL) &&
-        (pAllocationCallbacks->pfnAllocation != VMA_NULL))
-    {
-        result = (*pAllocationCallbacks->pfnAllocation)(
-            pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData,
-            size,
-            alignment,
-            VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_OBJECT);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        result = VMA_SYSTEM_ALIGNED_MALLOC(size, alignment);
-    }
-    VMA_ASSERT(result != VMA_NULL && "CPU memory allocation failed.");
-    return result;
-}
-
-static void VmaFree(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, void* ptr)
-{
-    if ((pAllocationCallbacks != VMA_NULL) &&
-        (pAllocationCallbacks->pfnFree != VMA_NULL))
-    {
-        (*pAllocationCallbacks->pfnFree)(pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData, ptr);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        VMA_SYSTEM_ALIGNED_FREE(ptr);
-    }
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-static T* VmaAllocate(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
-{
-    return (T*)VmaMalloc(pAllocationCallbacks, sizeof(T), VMA_ALIGN_OF(T));
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-static T* VmaAllocateArray(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, size_t count)
-{
-    return (T*)VmaMalloc(pAllocationCallbacks, sizeof(T) * count, VMA_ALIGN_OF(T));
-}
-
-#define vma_new(allocator, type)   new(VmaAllocate<type>(allocator))(type)
-
-#define vma_new_array(allocator, type, count)   new(VmaAllocateArray<type>((allocator), (count)))(type)
-
-template<typename T>
-static void vma_delete(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, T* ptr)
-{
-    ptr->~T();
-    VmaFree(pAllocationCallbacks, ptr);
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-static void vma_delete_array(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, T* ptr, size_t count)
-{
-    if (ptr != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        for (size_t i = count; i--; )
-        {
-            ptr[i].~T();
-        }
-        VmaFree(pAllocationCallbacks, ptr);
-    }
-}
-
-static char* VmaCreateStringCopy(const VkAllocationCallbacks* allocs, const char* srcStr)
-{
-    if (srcStr != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        const size_t len = strlen(srcStr);
-        char* const result = vma_new_array(allocs, char, len + 1);
-        memcpy(result, srcStr, len + 1);
-        return result;
-    }
-    return VMA_NULL;
-}
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-static char* VmaCreateStringCopy(const VkAllocationCallbacks* allocs, const char* srcStr, size_t strLen)
-{
-    if (srcStr != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        char* const result = vma_new_array(allocs, char, strLen + 1);
-        memcpy(result, srcStr, strLen);
-        result[strLen] = '\0';
-        return result;
-    }
-    return VMA_NULL;
-}
-#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-
-static void VmaFreeString(const VkAllocationCallbacks* allocs, char* str)
-{
-    if (str != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        const size_t len = strlen(str);
-        vma_delete_array(allocs, str, len + 1);
-    }
-}
-
-template<typename CmpLess, typename VectorT>
-size_t VmaVectorInsertSorted(VectorT& vector, const typename VectorT::value_type& value)
-{
-    const size_t indexToInsert = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(
-        vector.data(),
-        vector.data() + vector.size(),
-        value,
-        CmpLess()) - vector.data();
-    VmaVectorInsert(vector, indexToInsert, value);
-    return indexToInsert;
-}
-
-template<typename CmpLess, typename VectorT>
-bool VmaVectorRemoveSorted(VectorT& vector, const typename VectorT::value_type& value)
-{
-    CmpLess comparator;
-    typename VectorT::iterator it = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(
-        vector.begin(),
-        vector.end(),
-        value,
-        comparator);
-    if ((it != vector.end()) && !comparator(*it, value) && !comparator(value, *it))
-    {
-        size_t indexToRemove = it - vector.begin();
-        VmaVectorRemove(vector, indexToRemove);
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-#endif // _VMA_FUNCTIONS
-
-#ifndef _VMA_STAT_INFO_FUNCTIONS
-static void VmaInitStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo)
-{
-    memset(&outInfo, 0, sizeof(outInfo));
-    outInfo.allocationSizeMin = UINT64_MAX;
-    outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin = UINT64_MAX;
-}
-
-// Adds statistics srcInfo into inoutInfo, like: inoutInfo += srcInfo.
-static void VmaAddStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& inoutInfo, const VmaStatInfo& srcInfo)
-{
-    inoutInfo.blockCount += srcInfo.blockCount;
-    inoutInfo.allocationCount += srcInfo.allocationCount;
-    inoutInfo.unusedRangeCount += srcInfo.unusedRangeCount;
-    inoutInfo.usedBytes += srcInfo.usedBytes;
-    inoutInfo.unusedBytes += srcInfo.unusedBytes;
-    inoutInfo.allocationSizeMin = VMA_MIN(inoutInfo.allocationSizeMin, srcInfo.allocationSizeMin);
-    inoutInfo.allocationSizeMax = VMA_MAX(inoutInfo.allocationSizeMax, srcInfo.allocationSizeMax);
-    inoutInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin = VMA_MIN(inoutInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin, srcInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin);
-    inoutInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MAX(inoutInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax, srcInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax);
-}
-
-static void VmaAddStatInfoAllocation(VmaStatInfo& inoutInfo, VkDeviceSize size)
-{
-    ++inoutInfo.allocationCount;
-    inoutInfo.usedBytes += size;
-    if (size < inoutInfo.allocationSizeMin)
-    {
-        inoutInfo.allocationSizeMin = size;
-    }
-    if (size > inoutInfo.allocationSizeMax)
-    {
-        inoutInfo.allocationSizeMax = size;
-    }
-}
-
-static void VmaAddStatInfoUnusedRange(VmaStatInfo& inoutInfo, VkDeviceSize size)
-{
-    ++inoutInfo.unusedRangeCount;
-    inoutInfo.unusedBytes += size;
-    if (size < inoutInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin)
-    {
-        inoutInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin = size;
-    }
-    if (size > inoutInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax)
-    {
-        inoutInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax = size;
-    }
-}
-
-static void VmaPostprocessCalcStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& inoutInfo)
-{
-    inoutInfo.allocationSizeAvg = (inoutInfo.allocationCount > 0) ?
-        VmaRoundDiv<VkDeviceSize>(inoutInfo.usedBytes, inoutInfo.allocationCount) : 0;
-    inoutInfo.unusedRangeSizeAvg = (inoutInfo.unusedRangeCount > 0) ?
-        VmaRoundDiv<VkDeviceSize>(inoutInfo.unusedBytes, inoutInfo.unusedRangeCount) : 0;
-}
-#endif // _VMA_STAT_INFO_FUNCTIONS
-
-
-#ifndef _VMA_MUTEX_LOCK
-// Helper RAII class to lock a mutex in constructor and unlock it in destructor (at the end of scope).
-struct VmaMutexLock
-{
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaMutexLock)
-public:
-    VmaMutexLock(VMA_MUTEX& mutex, bool useMutex = true) :
-        m_pMutex(useMutex ? &mutex : VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        if (m_pMutex) { m_pMutex->Lock(); }
-    }
-    ~VmaMutexLock() {  if (m_pMutex) { m_pMutex->Unlock(); } }
-
-private:
-    VMA_MUTEX* m_pMutex;
-};
-
-// Helper RAII class to lock a RW mutex in constructor and unlock it in destructor (at the end of scope), for reading.
-struct VmaMutexLockRead
-{
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaMutexLockRead)
-public:
-    VmaMutexLockRead(VMA_RW_MUTEX& mutex, bool useMutex) :
-        m_pMutex(useMutex ? &mutex : VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        if (m_pMutex) { m_pMutex->LockRead(); }
-    }
-    ~VmaMutexLockRead() { if (m_pMutex) { m_pMutex->UnlockRead(); } }
-
-private:
-    VMA_RW_MUTEX* m_pMutex;
-};
-
-// Helper RAII class to lock a RW mutex in constructor and unlock it in destructor (at the end of scope), for writing.
-struct VmaMutexLockWrite
-{
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaMutexLockWrite)
-public:
-    VmaMutexLockWrite(VMA_RW_MUTEX& mutex, bool useMutex)
-        : m_pMutex(useMutex ? &mutex : VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        if (m_pMutex) { m_pMutex->LockWrite(); }
-    }
-    ~VmaMutexLockWrite() { if (m_pMutex) { m_pMutex->UnlockWrite(); } }
-
-private:
-    VMA_RW_MUTEX* m_pMutex;
-};
-
-#if VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX
-    static VMA_MUTEX gDebugGlobalMutex;
-    #define VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK VmaMutexLock debugGlobalMutexLock(gDebugGlobalMutex, true);
-#else
-    #define VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-#endif
-#endif // _VMA_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-#ifndef _VMA_ATOMIC_TRANSACTIONAL_INCREMENT
-// An object that increments given atomic but decrements it back in the destructor unless Commit() is called.
-template<typename T>
-struct AtomicTransactionalIncrement
-{
-public:
-    typedef std::atomic<T> AtomicT;
-
-    ~AtomicTransactionalIncrement()
-    {
-        if(m_Atomic)
-            --(*m_Atomic);
-    }
-
-    void Commit() { m_Atomic = nullptr; }
-    T Increment(AtomicT* atomic)
-    {
-        m_Atomic = atomic;
-        return m_Atomic->fetch_add(1);
-    }
-
-private:
-    AtomicT* m_Atomic = nullptr;
-};
-#endif // _VMA_ATOMIC_TRANSACTIONAL_INCREMENT
-
-#ifndef _VMA_STL_ALLOCATOR
-// STL-compatible allocator.
-template<typename T>
-struct VmaStlAllocator
-{
-    const VkAllocationCallbacks* const m_pCallbacks;
-    typedef T value_type;
-
-    VmaStlAllocator(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pCallbacks) : m_pCallbacks(pCallbacks) {}
-    template<typename U>
-    VmaStlAllocator(const VmaStlAllocator<U>& src) : m_pCallbacks(src.m_pCallbacks) {}
-    VmaStlAllocator(const VmaStlAllocator&) = default;
-    VmaStlAllocator& operator=(const VmaStlAllocator&) = delete;
-
-    T* allocate(size_t n) { return VmaAllocateArray<T>(m_pCallbacks, n); }
-    void deallocate(T* p, size_t n) { VmaFree(m_pCallbacks, p); }
-
-    template<typename U>
-    bool operator==(const VmaStlAllocator<U>& rhs) const
-    {
-        return m_pCallbacks == rhs.m_pCallbacks;
-    }
-    template<typename U>
-    bool operator!=(const VmaStlAllocator<U>& rhs) const
-    {
-        return m_pCallbacks != rhs.m_pCallbacks;
-    }
-};
-#endif // _VMA_STL_ALLOCATOR
-
-#ifndef _VMA_VECTOR
-/* Class with interface compatible with subset of std::vector.
-T must be POD because constructors and destructors are not called and memcpy is
-used for these objects. */
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
-class VmaVector
-{
-public:
-    typedef T value_type;
-    typedef T* iterator;
-    typedef const T* const_iterator;
-
-    VmaVector(const AllocatorT& allocator);
-    VmaVector(size_t count, const AllocatorT& allocator);
-    // This version of the constructor is here for compatibility with pre-C++14 std::vector.
-    // value is unused.
-    VmaVector(size_t count, const T& value, const AllocatorT& allocator) : VmaVector(count, allocator) {}
-    VmaVector(const VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>& src);
-    VmaVector& operator=(const VmaVector& rhs);
-    ~VmaVector() { VmaFree(m_Allocator.m_pCallbacks, m_pArray); }
-
-    bool empty() const { return m_Count == 0; }
-    size_t size() const { return m_Count; }
-    T* data() { return m_pArray; }
-    T& front() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); return m_pArray[0]; }
-    T& back() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); return m_pArray[m_Count - 1]; }
-    const T* data() const { return m_pArray; }
-    const T& front() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); return m_pArray[0]; }
-    const T& back() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); return m_pArray[m_Count - 1]; }
-
-    iterator begin() { return m_pArray; }
-    iterator end() { return m_pArray + m_Count; }
-    const_iterator cbegin() const { return m_pArray; }
-    const_iterator cend() const { return m_pArray + m_Count; }
-    const_iterator begin() const { return cbegin(); }
-    const_iterator end() const { return cend(); }
-
-    void pop_front() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); remove(0); }
-    void pop_back() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); resize(size() - 1); }
-    void push_front(const T& src) { insert(0, src); }
-
-    void push_back(const T& src);
-    void reserve(size_t newCapacity, bool freeMemory = false);
-    void resize(size_t newCount);
-    void clear() { resize(0); }
-    void shrink_to_fit();
-    void insert(size_t index, const T& src);
-    void remove(size_t index);
-
-    T& operator[](size_t index) { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(index < m_Count); return m_pArray[index]; }
-    const T& operator[](size_t index) const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(index < m_Count); return m_pArray[index]; }
-
-private:
-    AllocatorT m_Allocator;
-    T* m_pArray;
-    size_t m_Count;
-    size_t m_Capacity;
-};
-
-#ifndef _VMA_VECTOR_FUNCTIONS
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
-VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>::VmaVector(const AllocatorT& allocator)
-    : m_Allocator(allocator),
-    m_pArray(VMA_NULL),
-    m_Count(0),
-    m_Capacity(0) {}
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
-VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>::VmaVector(size_t count, const AllocatorT& allocator)
-    : m_Allocator(allocator),
-    m_pArray(count ? (T*)VmaAllocateArray<T>(allocator.m_pCallbacks, count) : VMA_NULL),
-    m_Count(count),
-    m_Capacity(count) {}
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
-VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>::VmaVector(const VmaVector& src)
-    : m_Allocator(src.m_Allocator),
-    m_pArray(src.m_Count ? (T*)VmaAllocateArray<T>(src.m_Allocator.m_pCallbacks, src.m_Count) : VMA_NULL),
-    m_Count(src.m_Count),
-    m_Capacity(src.m_Count)
-{
-    if (m_Count != 0)
-    {
-        memcpy(m_pArray, src.m_pArray, m_Count * sizeof(T));
-    }
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
-VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>& VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>::operator=(const VmaVector& rhs)
-{
-    if (&rhs != this)
-    {
-        resize(rhs.m_Count);
-        if (m_Count != 0)
-        {
-            memcpy(m_pArray, rhs.m_pArray, m_Count * sizeof(T));
-        }
-    }
-    return *this;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
-void VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>::push_back(const T& src)
-{
-    const size_t newIndex = size();
-    resize(newIndex + 1);
-    m_pArray[newIndex] = src;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
-void VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>::reserve(size_t newCapacity, bool freeMemory)
-{
-    newCapacity = VMA_MAX(newCapacity, m_Count);
-
-    if ((newCapacity < m_Capacity) && !freeMemory)
-    {
-        newCapacity = m_Capacity;
-    }
-
-    if (newCapacity != m_Capacity)
-    {
-        T* const newArray = newCapacity ? VmaAllocateArray<T>(m_Allocator, newCapacity) : VMA_NULL;
-        if (m_Count != 0)
-        {
-            memcpy(newArray, m_pArray, m_Count * sizeof(T));
-        }
-        VmaFree(m_Allocator.m_pCallbacks, m_pArray);
-        m_Capacity = newCapacity;
-        m_pArray = newArray;
-    }
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
-void VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>::resize(size_t newCount)
-{
-    size_t newCapacity = m_Capacity;
-    if (newCount > m_Capacity)
-    {
-        newCapacity = VMA_MAX(newCount, VMA_MAX(m_Capacity * 3 / 2, (size_t)8));
-    }
-
-    if (newCapacity != m_Capacity)
-    {
-        T* const newArray = newCapacity ? VmaAllocateArray<T>(m_Allocator.m_pCallbacks, newCapacity) : VMA_NULL;
-        const size_t elementsToCopy = VMA_MIN(m_Count, newCount);
-        if (elementsToCopy != 0)
-        {
-            memcpy(newArray, m_pArray, elementsToCopy * sizeof(T));
-        }
-        VmaFree(m_Allocator.m_pCallbacks, m_pArray);
-        m_Capacity = newCapacity;
-        m_pArray = newArray;
-    }
-
-    m_Count = newCount;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
-void VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>::shrink_to_fit()
-{
-    if (m_Capacity > m_Count)
-    {
-        T* newArray = VMA_NULL;
-        if (m_Count > 0)
-        {
-            newArray = VmaAllocateArray<T>(m_Allocator.m_pCallbacks, m_Count);
-            memcpy(newArray, m_pArray, m_Count * sizeof(T));
-        }
-        VmaFree(m_Allocator.m_pCallbacks, m_pArray);
-        m_Capacity = m_Count;
-        m_pArray = newArray;
-    }
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
-void VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>::insert(size_t index, const T& src)
-{
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(index <= m_Count);
-    const size_t oldCount = size();
-    resize(oldCount + 1);
-    if (index < oldCount)
-    {
-        memmove(m_pArray + (index + 1), m_pArray + index, (oldCount - index) * sizeof(T));
-    }
-    m_pArray[index] = src;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
-void VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>::remove(size_t index)
-{
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(index < m_Count);
-    const size_t oldCount = size();
-    if (index < oldCount - 1)
-    {
-        memmove(m_pArray + index, m_pArray + (index + 1), (oldCount - index - 1) * sizeof(T));
-    }
-    resize(oldCount - 1);
-}
-#endif // _VMA_VECTOR_FUNCTIONS
-
-template<typename T, typename allocatorT>
-static void VmaVectorInsert(VmaVector<T, allocatorT>& vec, size_t index, const T& item)
-{
-    vec.insert(index, item);
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename allocatorT>
-static void VmaVectorRemove(VmaVector<T, allocatorT>& vec, size_t index)
-{
-    vec.remove(index);
-}
-#endif // _VMA_VECTOR
-
-#ifndef _VMA_SMALL_VECTOR
-/*
-This is a vector (a variable-sized array), optimized for the case when the array is small.
-
-It contains some number of elements in-place, which allows it to avoid heap allocation
-when the actual number of elements is below that threshold. This allows normal "small"
-cases to be fast without losing generality for large inputs.
-*/
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT, size_t N>
-class VmaSmallVector
-{
-public:
-    typedef T value_type;
-    typedef T* iterator;
-
-    VmaSmallVector(const AllocatorT& allocator);
-    VmaSmallVector(size_t count, const AllocatorT& allocator);
-    template<typename SrcT, typename SrcAllocatorT, size_t SrcN>
-    VmaSmallVector(const VmaSmallVector<SrcT, SrcAllocatorT, SrcN>&) = delete;
-    template<typename SrcT, typename SrcAllocatorT, size_t SrcN>
-    VmaSmallVector<T, AllocatorT, N>& operator=(const VmaSmallVector<SrcT, SrcAllocatorT, SrcN>&) = delete;
-    ~VmaSmallVector() = default;
-
-    bool empty() const { return m_Count == 0; }
-    size_t size() const { return m_Count; }
-    T* data() { return m_Count > N ? m_DynamicArray.data() : m_StaticArray; }
-    T& front() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); return data()[0]; }
-    T& back() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); return data()[m_Count - 1]; }
-    const T* data() const { return m_Count > N ? m_DynamicArray.data() : m_StaticArray; }
-    const T& front() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); return data()[0]; }
-    const T& back() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); return data()[m_Count - 1]; }
-
-    iterator begin() { return data(); }
-    iterator end() { return data() + m_Count; }
-
-    void pop_front() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); remove(0); }
-    void pop_back() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); resize(size() - 1); }
-    void push_front(const T& src) { insert(0, src); }
-
-    void push_back(const T& src);
-    void resize(size_t newCount, bool freeMemory = false);
-    void clear(bool freeMemory = false);
-    void insert(size_t index, const T& src);
-    void remove(size_t index);
-
-    T& operator[](size_t index) { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(index < m_Count); return data()[index]; }
-    const T& operator[](size_t index) const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(index < m_Count); return data()[index]; }
-
-private:
-    size_t m_Count;
-    T m_StaticArray[N]; // Used when m_Size <= N
-    VmaVector<T, AllocatorT> m_DynamicArray; // Used when m_Size > N
-};
-
-#ifndef _VMA_SMALL_VECTOR_FUNCTIONS
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT, size_t N>
-VmaSmallVector<T, AllocatorT, N>::VmaSmallVector(const AllocatorT& allocator)
-    : m_Count(0),
-    m_DynamicArray(allocator) {}
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT, size_t N>
-VmaSmallVector<T, AllocatorT, N>::VmaSmallVector(size_t count, const AllocatorT& allocator)
-    : m_Count(count),
-    m_DynamicArray(count > N ? count : 0, allocator) {}
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT, size_t N>
-void VmaSmallVector<T, AllocatorT, N>::push_back(const T& src)
-{
-    resize(m_Count + 1);
-    data()[m_Count] = src;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT, size_t N>
-void VmaSmallVector<T, AllocatorT, N>::resize(size_t newCount, bool freeMemory)
-{
-    if (newCount > N && m_Count > N)
-    {
-        // Any direction, staying in m_DynamicArray
-        m_DynamicArray.resize(newCount);
-        if (freeMemory)
-        {
-            m_DynamicArray.shrink_to_fit();
-        }
-    }
-    else if (newCount > N && m_Count <= N)
-    {
-        // Growing, moving from m_StaticArray to m_DynamicArray
-        m_DynamicArray.resize(newCount);
-        if (m_Count > 0)
-        {
-            memcpy(m_DynamicArray.data(), m_StaticArray, m_Count * sizeof(T));
-        }
-    }
-    else if (newCount <= N && m_Count > N)
-    {
-        // Shrinking, moving from m_DynamicArray to m_StaticArray
-        if (newCount > 0)
-        {
-            memcpy(m_StaticArray, m_DynamicArray.data(), newCount * sizeof(T));
-        }
-        m_DynamicArray.resize(0);
-        if (freeMemory)
-        {
-            m_DynamicArray.shrink_to_fit();
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // Any direction, staying in m_StaticArray - nothing to do here
-    }
-    m_Count = newCount;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT, size_t N>
-void VmaSmallVector<T, AllocatorT, N>::clear(bool freeMemory)
-{
-    m_DynamicArray.clear();
-    if (freeMemory)
-    {
-        m_DynamicArray.shrink_to_fit();
-    }
-    m_Count = 0;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT, size_t N>
-void VmaSmallVector<T, AllocatorT, N>::insert(size_t index, const T& src)
-{
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(index <= m_Count);
-    const size_t oldCount = size();
-    resize(oldCount + 1);
-    T* const dataPtr = data();
-    if (index < oldCount)
-    {
-        //  I know, this could be more optimal for case where memmove can be memcpy directly from m_StaticArray to m_DynamicArray.
-        memmove(dataPtr + (index + 1), dataPtr + index, (oldCount - index) * sizeof(T));
-    }
-    dataPtr[index] = src;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT, size_t N>
-void VmaSmallVector<T, AllocatorT, N>::remove(size_t index)
-{
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(index < m_Count);
-    const size_t oldCount = size();
-    if (index < oldCount - 1)
-    {
-        //  I know, this could be more optimal for case where memmove can be memcpy directly from m_DynamicArray to m_StaticArray.
-        T* const dataPtr = data();
-        memmove(dataPtr + index, dataPtr + (index + 1), (oldCount - index - 1) * sizeof(T));
-    }
-    resize(oldCount - 1);
-}
-#endif // _VMA_SMALL_VECTOR_FUNCTIONS
-#endif // _VMA_SMALL_VECTOR
-
-#ifndef _VMA_POOL_ALLOCATOR
-/*
-Allocator for objects of type T using a list of arrays (pools) to speed up
-allocation. Number of elements that can be allocated is not bounded because
-allocator can create multiple blocks.
-*/
-template<typename T>
-class VmaPoolAllocator
-{
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaPoolAllocator)
-public:
-    VmaPoolAllocator(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, uint32_t firstBlockCapacity);
-    ~VmaPoolAllocator();
-    template<typename... Types> T* Alloc(Types&&... args);
-    void Free(T* ptr);
-
-private:
-    union Item
-    {
-        uint32_t NextFreeIndex;
-        alignas(T) char Value[sizeof(T)];
-    };
-    struct ItemBlock
-    {
-        Item* pItems;
-        uint32_t Capacity;
-        uint32_t FirstFreeIndex;
-    };
-
-    const VkAllocationCallbacks* m_pAllocationCallbacks;
-    const uint32_t m_FirstBlockCapacity;
-    VmaVector<ItemBlock, VmaStlAllocator<ItemBlock>> m_ItemBlocks;
-
-    ItemBlock& CreateNewBlock();
-};
-
-#ifndef _VMA_POOL_ALLOCATOR_FUNCTIONS
-template<typename T>
-VmaPoolAllocator<T>::VmaPoolAllocator(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, uint32_t firstBlockCapacity)
-    : m_pAllocationCallbacks(pAllocationCallbacks),
-    m_FirstBlockCapacity(firstBlockCapacity),
-    m_ItemBlocks(VmaStlAllocator<ItemBlock>(pAllocationCallbacks))
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_FirstBlockCapacity > 1);
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-VmaPoolAllocator<T>::~VmaPoolAllocator()
-{
-    for (size_t i = m_ItemBlocks.size(); i--;)
-        vma_delete_array(m_pAllocationCallbacks, m_ItemBlocks[i].pItems, m_ItemBlocks[i].Capacity);
-    m_ItemBlocks.clear();
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-template<typename... Types> T* VmaPoolAllocator<T>::Alloc(Types&&... args)
-{
-    for (size_t i = m_ItemBlocks.size(); i--; )
-    {
-        ItemBlock& block = m_ItemBlocks[i];
-        // This block has some free items: Use first one.
-        if (block.FirstFreeIndex != UINT32_MAX)
-        {
-            Item* const pItem = &block.pItems[block.FirstFreeIndex];
-            block.FirstFreeIndex = pItem->NextFreeIndex;
-            T* result = (T*)&pItem->Value;
-            new(result)T(std::forward<Types>(args)...); // Explicit constructor call.
-            return result;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // No block has free item: Create new one and use it.
-    ItemBlock& newBlock = CreateNewBlock();
-    Item* const pItem = &newBlock.pItems[0];
-    newBlock.FirstFreeIndex = pItem->NextFreeIndex;
-    T* result = (T*)&pItem->Value;
-    new(result) T(std::forward<Types>(args)...); // Explicit constructor call.
-    return result;
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-void VmaPoolAllocator<T>::Free(T* ptr)
-{
-    // Search all memory blocks to find ptr.
-    for (size_t i = m_ItemBlocks.size(); i--; )
-    {
-        ItemBlock& block = m_ItemBlocks[i];
-
-        // Casting to union.
-        Item* pItemPtr;
-        memcpy(&pItemPtr, &ptr, sizeof(pItemPtr));
-
-        // Check if pItemPtr is in address range of this block.
-        if ((pItemPtr >= block.pItems) && (pItemPtr < block.pItems + block.Capacity))
-        {
-            ptr->~T(); // Explicit destructor call.
-            const uint32_t index = static_cast<uint32_t>(pItemPtr - block.pItems);
-            pItemPtr->NextFreeIndex = block.FirstFreeIndex;
-            block.FirstFreeIndex = index;
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-    VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Pointer doesn't belong to this memory pool.");
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-typename VmaPoolAllocator<T>::ItemBlock& VmaPoolAllocator<T>::CreateNewBlock()
-{
-    const uint32_t newBlockCapacity = m_ItemBlocks.empty() ?
-        m_FirstBlockCapacity : m_ItemBlocks.back().Capacity * 3 / 2;
-
-    const ItemBlock newBlock =
-    {
-        vma_new_array(m_pAllocationCallbacks, Item, newBlockCapacity),
-        newBlockCapacity,
-        0
-    };
-
-    m_ItemBlocks.push_back(newBlock);
-
-    // Setup singly-linked list of all free items in this block.
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < newBlockCapacity - 1; ++i)
-        newBlock.pItems[i].NextFreeIndex = i + 1;
-    newBlock.pItems[newBlockCapacity - 1].NextFreeIndex = UINT32_MAX;
-    return m_ItemBlocks.back();
-}
-#endif // _VMA_POOL_ALLOCATOR_FUNCTIONS
-#endif // _VMA_POOL_ALLOCATOR
-
-#ifndef _VMA_RAW_LIST
-template<typename T>
-struct VmaListItem
-{
-    VmaListItem* pPrev;
-    VmaListItem* pNext;
-    T Value;
-};
-
-// Doubly linked list.
-template<typename T>
-class VmaRawList
-{
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaRawList)
-public:
-    typedef VmaListItem<T> ItemType;
-
-    VmaRawList(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
-    // Intentionally not calling Clear, because that would be unnecessary
-    // computations to return all items to m_ItemAllocator as free.
-    ~VmaRawList() = default;
-
-    size_t GetCount() const { return m_Count; }
-    bool IsEmpty() const { return m_Count == 0; }
-
-    ItemType* Front() { return m_pFront; }
-    ItemType* Back() { return m_pBack; }
-    const ItemType* Front() const { return m_pFront; }
-    const ItemType* Back() const { return m_pBack; }
-
-    ItemType* PushFront();
-    ItemType* PushBack();
-    ItemType* PushFront(const T& value);
-    ItemType* PushBack(const T& value);
-    void PopFront();
-    void PopBack();
-
-    // Item can be null - it means PushBack.
-    ItemType* InsertBefore(ItemType* pItem);
-    // Item can be null - it means PushFront.
-    ItemType* InsertAfter(ItemType* pItem);
-    ItemType* InsertBefore(ItemType* pItem, const T& value);
-    ItemType* InsertAfter(ItemType* pItem, const T& value);
-
-    void Clear();
-    void Remove(ItemType* pItem);
-
-private:
-    const VkAllocationCallbacks* const m_pAllocationCallbacks;
-    VmaPoolAllocator<ItemType> m_ItemAllocator;
-    ItemType* m_pFront;
-    ItemType* m_pBack;
-    size_t m_Count;
-};
-
-#ifndef _VMA_RAW_LIST_FUNCTIONS
-template<typename T>
-VmaRawList<T>::VmaRawList(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
-    : m_pAllocationCallbacks(pAllocationCallbacks),
-    m_ItemAllocator(pAllocationCallbacks, 128),
-    m_pFront(VMA_NULL),
-    m_pBack(VMA_NULL),
-    m_Count(0) {}
-
-template<typename T>
-VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::PushFront()
-{
-    ItemType* const pNewItem = m_ItemAllocator.Alloc();
-    pNewItem->pPrev = VMA_NULL;
-    if (IsEmpty())
-    {
-        pNewItem->pNext = VMA_NULL;
-        m_pFront = pNewItem;
-        m_pBack = pNewItem;
-        m_Count = 1;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        pNewItem->pNext = m_pFront;
-        m_pFront->pPrev = pNewItem;
-        m_pFront = pNewItem;
-        ++m_Count;
-    }
-    return pNewItem;
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::PushBack()
-{
-    ItemType* const pNewItem = m_ItemAllocator.Alloc();
-    pNewItem->pNext = VMA_NULL;
-    if(IsEmpty())
-    {
-        pNewItem->pPrev = VMA_NULL;
-        m_pFront = pNewItem;
-        m_pBack = pNewItem;
-        m_Count = 1;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        pNewItem->pPrev = m_pBack;
-        m_pBack->pNext = pNewItem;
-        m_pBack = pNewItem;
-        ++m_Count;
-    }
-    return pNewItem;
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::PushFront(const T& value)
-{
-    ItemType* const pNewItem = PushFront();
-    pNewItem->Value = value;
-    return pNewItem;
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::PushBack(const T& value)
-{
-    ItemType* const pNewItem = PushBack();
-    pNewItem->Value = value;
-    return pNewItem;
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-void VmaRawList<T>::PopFront()
-{
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0);
-    ItemType* const pFrontItem = m_pFront;
-    ItemType* const pNextItem = pFrontItem->pNext;
-    if (pNextItem != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        pNextItem->pPrev = VMA_NULL;
-    }
-    m_pFront = pNextItem;
-    m_ItemAllocator.Free(pFrontItem);
-    --m_Count;
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-void VmaRawList<T>::PopBack()
-{
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0);
-    ItemType* const pBackItem = m_pBack;
-    ItemType* const pPrevItem = pBackItem->pPrev;
-    if(pPrevItem != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        pPrevItem->pNext = VMA_NULL;
-    }
-    m_pBack = pPrevItem;
-    m_ItemAllocator.Free(pBackItem);
-    --m_Count;
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-void VmaRawList<T>::Clear()
-{
-    if (IsEmpty() == false)
-    {
-        ItemType* pItem = m_pBack;
-        while (pItem != VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            ItemType* const pPrevItem = pItem->pPrev;
-            m_ItemAllocator.Free(pItem);
-            pItem = pPrevItem;
-        }
-        m_pFront = VMA_NULL;
-        m_pBack = VMA_NULL;
-        m_Count = 0;
-    }
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-void VmaRawList<T>::Remove(ItemType* pItem)
-{
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(pItem != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0);
-
-    if(pItem->pPrev != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        pItem->pPrev->pNext = pItem->pNext;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pFront == pItem);
-        m_pFront = pItem->pNext;
-    }
-
-    if(pItem->pNext != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        pItem->pNext->pPrev = pItem->pPrev;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pBack == pItem);
-        m_pBack = pItem->pPrev;
-    }
-
-    m_ItemAllocator.Free(pItem);
-    --m_Count;
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::InsertBefore(ItemType* pItem)
-{
-    if(pItem != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        ItemType* const prevItem = pItem->pPrev;
-        ItemType* const newItem = m_ItemAllocator.Alloc();
-        newItem->pPrev = prevItem;
-        newItem->pNext = pItem;
-        pItem->pPrev = newItem;
-        if(prevItem != VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            prevItem->pNext = newItem;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pFront == pItem);
-            m_pFront = newItem;
-        }
-        ++m_Count;
-        return newItem;
-    }
-    else
-        return PushBack();
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::InsertAfter(ItemType* pItem)
-{
-    if(pItem != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        ItemType* const nextItem = pItem->pNext;
-        ItemType* const newItem = m_ItemAllocator.Alloc();
-        newItem->pNext = nextItem;
-        newItem->pPrev = pItem;
-        pItem->pNext = newItem;
-        if(nextItem != VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            nextItem->pPrev = newItem;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pBack == pItem);
-            m_pBack = newItem;
-        }
-        ++m_Count;
-        return newItem;
-    }
-    else
-        return PushFront();
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::InsertBefore(ItemType* pItem, const T& value)
-{
-    ItemType* const newItem = InsertBefore(pItem);
-    newItem->Value = value;
-    return newItem;
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::InsertAfter(ItemType* pItem, const T& value)
-{
-    ItemType* const newItem = InsertAfter(pItem);
-    newItem->Value = value;
-    return newItem;
-}
-#endif // _VMA_RAW_LIST_FUNCTIONS
-#endif // _VMA_RAW_LIST
-
-#ifndef _VMA_LIST
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
-class VmaList
-{
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaList)
-public:
-    class reverse_iterator;
-    class const_iterator;
-    class const_reverse_iterator;
-
-    class iterator
-    {
-        friend class VmaList<T, AllocatorT>;
-    public:
-        iterator() :  m_pList(VMA_NULL), m_pItem(VMA_NULL) {}
-        iterator(const reverse_iterator& src) : m_pList(src.m_pList), m_pItem(src.m_pItem) {}
-
-        T& operator*() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); return m_pItem->Value; }
-        T* operator->() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); return &m_pItem->Value; }
-
-        bool operator==(const iterator& rhs) const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pList == rhs.m_pList); return m_pItem == rhs.m_pItem; }
-        bool operator!=(const iterator& rhs) const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pList == rhs.m_pList); return m_pItem != rhs.m_pItem; }
-
-        iterator operator++(int) { iterator result = *this; ++*this; return result; }
-        iterator operator--(int) { iterator result = *this; --*this; return result; }
-
-        iterator& operator++() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); m_pItem = m_pItem->pNext; return *this; }
-        iterator& operator--();
-
-    private:
-        VmaRawList<T>* m_pList;
-        VmaListItem<T>* m_pItem;
-
-        iterator(VmaRawList<T>* pList, VmaListItem<T>* pItem) : m_pList(pList),  m_pItem(pItem) {}
-    };
-    class reverse_iterator
-    {
-        friend class VmaList<T, AllocatorT>;
-    public:
-        reverse_iterator() : m_pList(VMA_NULL), m_pItem(VMA_NULL) {}
-        reverse_iterator(const iterator& src) : m_pList(src.m_pList), m_pItem(src.m_pItem) {}
-
-        T& operator*() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); return m_pItem->Value; }
-        T* operator->() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); return &m_pItem->Value; }
-
-        bool operator==(const reverse_iterator& rhs) const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pList == rhs.m_pList); return m_pItem == rhs.m_pItem; }
-        bool operator!=(const reverse_iterator& rhs) const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pList == rhs.m_pList); return m_pItem != rhs.m_pItem; }
-
-        reverse_iterator operator++(int) { reverse_iterator result = *this; ++* this; return result; }
-        reverse_iterator operator--(int) { reverse_iterator result = *this; --* this; return result; }
-
-        reverse_iterator& operator++() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); m_pItem = m_pItem->pPrev; return *this; }
-        reverse_iterator& operator--();
-
-    private:
-        VmaRawList<T>* m_pList;
-        VmaListItem<T>* m_pItem;
-
-        reverse_iterator(VmaRawList<T>* pList, VmaListItem<T>* pItem) : m_pList(pList),  m_pItem(pItem) {}
-    };
-    class const_iterator
-    {
-        friend class VmaList<T, AllocatorT>;
-    public:
-        const_iterator() : m_pList(VMA_NULL), m_pItem(VMA_NULL) {}
-        const_iterator(const iterator& src) : m_pList(src.m_pList), m_pItem(src.m_pItem) {}
-        const_iterator(const reverse_iterator& src) : m_pList(src.m_pList), m_pItem(src.m_pItem) {}
-
-        const T& operator*() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); return m_pItem->Value; }
-        const T* operator->() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); return &m_pItem->Value; }
-
-        bool operator==(const const_iterator& rhs) const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pList == rhs.m_pList); return m_pItem == rhs.m_pItem; }
-        bool operator!=(const const_iterator& rhs) const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pList == rhs.m_pList); return m_pItem != rhs.m_pItem; }
-
-        const_iterator operator++(int) { const_iterator result = *this; ++* this; return result; }
-        const_iterator operator--(int) { const_iterator result = *this; --* this; return result; }
-
-        const_iterator& operator++() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); m_pItem = m_pItem->pNext; return *this; }
-        const_iterator& operator--();
-
-    private:
-        const VmaRawList<T>* m_pList;
-        const VmaListItem<T>* m_pItem;
-
-        const_iterator(const VmaRawList<T>* pList, const VmaListItem<T>* pItem) : m_pList(pList), m_pItem(pItem) {}
-    };
-    class const_reverse_iterator
-    {
-        friend class VmaList<T, AllocatorT>;
-    public:
-        const_reverse_iterator() : m_pList(VMA_NULL), m_pItem(VMA_NULL) {}
-        const_reverse_iterator(const reverse_iterator& src) : m_pList(src.m_pList), m_pItem(src.m_pItem) {}
-        const_reverse_iterator(const iterator& src) : m_pList(src.m_pList), m_pItem(src.m_pItem) {}
-
-        const T& operator*() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); return m_pItem->Value; }
-        const T* operator->() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); return &m_pItem->Value; }
-
-        bool operator==(const const_reverse_iterator& rhs) const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pList == rhs.m_pList); return m_pItem == rhs.m_pItem; }
-        bool operator!=(const const_reverse_iterator& rhs) const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pList == rhs.m_pList); return m_pItem != rhs.m_pItem; }
-
-        const_reverse_iterator operator++(int) { const_reverse_iterator result = *this; ++* this; return result; }
-        const_reverse_iterator operator--(int) { const_reverse_iterator result = *this; --* this; return result; }
-
-        const_reverse_iterator& operator++() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); m_pItem = m_pItem->pPrev; return *this; }
-        const_reverse_iterator& operator--();
-
-    private:
-        const VmaRawList<T>* m_pList;
-        const VmaListItem<T>* m_pItem;
-
-        const_reverse_iterator(const VmaRawList<T>* pList, const VmaListItem<T>* pItem) : m_pList(pList), m_pItem(pItem) {}
-    };
-
-    VmaList(const AllocatorT& allocator) : m_RawList(allocator.m_pCallbacks) {}
-
-    bool empty() const { return m_RawList.IsEmpty(); }
-    size_t size() const { return m_RawList.GetCount(); }
-
-    iterator begin() { return iterator(&m_RawList, m_RawList.Front()); }
-    iterator end() { return iterator(&m_RawList, VMA_NULL); }
-
-    const_iterator cbegin() const { return const_iterator(&m_RawList, m_RawList.Front()); }
-    const_iterator cend() const { return const_iterator(&m_RawList, VMA_NULL); }
-
-    const_iterator begin() const { return cbegin(); }
-    const_iterator end() const { return cend(); }
-
-    reverse_iterator rbegin() { return reverse_iterator(&m_RawList, m_RawList.Back()); }
-    reverse_iterator rend() { return reverse_iterator(&m_RawList, VMA_NULL); }
-
-    const_reverse_iterator crbegin() { return const_reverse_iterator(&m_RawList, m_RawList.Back()); }
-    const_reverse_iterator crend() { return const_reverse_iterator(&m_RawList, VMA_NULL); }
-
-    const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const { return crbegin(); }
-    const_reverse_iterator rend() const { return crend(); }
-
-    void push_back(const T& value) { m_RawList.PushBack(value); }
-    iterator insert(iterator it, const T& value) { return iterator(&m_RawList, m_RawList.InsertBefore(it.m_pItem, value)); }
-
-    void clear() { m_RawList.Clear(); }
-    void erase(iterator it) { m_RawList.Remove(it.m_pItem); }
-
-private:
-    VmaRawList<T> m_RawList;
-};
-
-#ifndef _VMA_LIST_FUNCTIONS
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
-typename VmaList<T, AllocatorT>::iterator& VmaList<T, AllocatorT>::iterator::operator--()
-{
-    if (m_pItem != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        m_pItem = m_pItem->pPrev;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(!m_pList->IsEmpty());
-        m_pItem = m_pList->Back();
-    }
-    return *this;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
-typename VmaList<T, AllocatorT>::reverse_iterator& VmaList<T, AllocatorT>::reverse_iterator::operator--()
-{
-    if (m_pItem != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        m_pItem = m_pItem->pNext;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(!m_pList->IsEmpty());
-        m_pItem = m_pList->Front();
-    }
-    return *this;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
-typename VmaList<T, AllocatorT>::const_iterator& VmaList<T, AllocatorT>::const_iterator::operator--()
-{
-    if (m_pItem != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        m_pItem = m_pItem->pPrev;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(!m_pList->IsEmpty());
-        m_pItem = m_pList->Back();
-    }
-    return *this;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
-typename VmaList<T, AllocatorT>::const_reverse_iterator& VmaList<T, AllocatorT>::const_reverse_iterator::operator--()
-{
-    if (m_pItem != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        m_pItem = m_pItem->pNext;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(!m_pList->IsEmpty());
-        m_pItem = m_pList->Back();
-    }
-    return *this;
-}
-#endif // _VMA_LIST_FUNCTIONS
-#endif // _VMA_LIST
-
-#ifndef _VMA_INTRUSIVE_LINKED_LIST
-/*
-Expected interface of ItemTypeTraits:
-struct MyItemTypeTraits
-{
-    typedef MyItem ItemType;
-    static ItemType* GetPrev(const ItemType* item) { return item->myPrevPtr; }
-    static ItemType* GetNext(const ItemType* item) { return item->myNextPtr; }
-    static ItemType*& AccessPrev(ItemType* item) { return item->myPrevPtr; }
-    static ItemType*& AccessNext(ItemType* item) { return item->myNextPtr; }
-};
-*/
-template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
-class VmaIntrusiveLinkedList
-{
-public:
-    typedef typename ItemTypeTraits::ItemType ItemType;
-    static ItemType* GetPrev(const ItemType* item) { return ItemTypeTraits::GetPrev(item); }
-    static ItemType* GetNext(const ItemType* item) { return ItemTypeTraits::GetNext(item); }
-
-    // Movable, not copyable.
-    VmaIntrusiveLinkedList() = default;
-    VmaIntrusiveLinkedList(VmaIntrusiveLinkedList && src);
-    VmaIntrusiveLinkedList(const VmaIntrusiveLinkedList&) = delete;
-    VmaIntrusiveLinkedList& operator=(VmaIntrusiveLinkedList&& src);
-    VmaIntrusiveLinkedList& operator=(const VmaIntrusiveLinkedList&) = delete;
-    ~VmaIntrusiveLinkedList() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(IsEmpty()); }
-    
-    size_t GetCount() const { return m_Count; }
-    bool IsEmpty() const { return m_Count == 0; }
-    ItemType* Front() { return m_Front; }
-    ItemType* Back() { return m_Back; }
-    const ItemType* Front() const { return m_Front; }
-    const ItemType* Back() const { return m_Back; }
-
-    void PushBack(ItemType* item);
-    void PushFront(ItemType* item);
-    ItemType* PopBack();
-    ItemType* PopFront();
-
-    // MyItem can be null - it means PushBack.
-    void InsertBefore(ItemType* existingItem, ItemType* newItem);
-    // MyItem can be null - it means PushFront.
-    void InsertAfter(ItemType* existingItem, ItemType* newItem);
-    void Remove(ItemType* item);
-    void RemoveAll();
-
-private:
-    ItemType* m_Front = VMA_NULL;
-    ItemType* m_Back = VMA_NULL;
-    size_t m_Count = 0;
-};
-
-#ifndef _VMA_INTRUSIVE_LINKED_LIST_FUNCTIONS
-template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
-VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::VmaIntrusiveLinkedList(VmaIntrusiveLinkedList&& src)
-    : m_Front(src.m_Front), m_Back(src.m_Back), m_Count(src.m_Count)
-{
-    src.m_Front = src.m_Back = VMA_NULL;
-    src.m_Count = 0;
-}
-
-template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
-VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>& VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::operator=(VmaIntrusiveLinkedList&& src)
-{
-    if (&src != this)
-    {
-        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(IsEmpty());
-        m_Front = src.m_Front;
-        m_Back = src.m_Back;
-        m_Count = src.m_Count;
-        src.m_Front = src.m_Back = VMA_NULL;
-        src.m_Count = 0;
-    }
-    return *this;
-}
-
-template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
-void VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::PushBack(ItemType* item)
-{
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(ItemTypeTraits::GetPrev(item) == VMA_NULL && ItemTypeTraits::GetNext(item) == VMA_NULL);
-    if (IsEmpty())
-    {
-        m_Front = item;
-        m_Back = item;
-        m_Count = 1;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(item) = m_Back;
-        ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(m_Back) = item;
-        m_Back = item;
-        ++m_Count;
-    }
-}
-
-template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
-void VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::PushFront(ItemType* item)
-{
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(ItemTypeTraits::GetPrev(item) == VMA_NULL && ItemTypeTraits::GetNext(item) == VMA_NULL);
-    if (IsEmpty())
-    {
-        m_Front = item;
-        m_Back = item;
-        m_Count = 1;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(item) = m_Front;
-        ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(m_Front) = item;
-        m_Front = item;
-        ++m_Count;
-    }
-}
-
-template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
-typename VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::ItemType* VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::PopBack()
-{
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0);
-    ItemType* const backItem = m_Back;
-    ItemType* const prevItem = ItemTypeTraits::GetPrev(backItem);
-    if (prevItem != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(prevItem) = VMA_NULL;
-    }
-    m_Back = prevItem;
-    --m_Count;
-    ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(backItem) = VMA_NULL;
-    ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(backItem) = VMA_NULL;
-    return backItem;
-}
-
-template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
-typename VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::ItemType* VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::PopFront()
-{
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0);
-    ItemType* const frontItem = m_Front;
-    ItemType* const nextItem = ItemTypeTraits::GetNext(frontItem);
-    if (nextItem != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(nextItem) = VMA_NULL;
-    }
-    m_Front = nextItem;
-    --m_Count;
-    ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(frontItem) = VMA_NULL;
-    ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(frontItem) = VMA_NULL;
-    return frontItem;
-}
-
-template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
-void VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::InsertBefore(ItemType* existingItem, ItemType* newItem)
-{
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(newItem != VMA_NULL && ItemTypeTraits::GetPrev(newItem) == VMA_NULL && ItemTypeTraits::GetNext(newItem) == VMA_NULL);
-    if (existingItem != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        ItemType* const prevItem = ItemTypeTraits::GetPrev(existingItem);
-        ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(newItem) = prevItem;
-        ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(newItem) = existingItem;
-        ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(existingItem) = newItem;
-        if (prevItem != VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(prevItem) = newItem;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Front == existingItem);
-            m_Front = newItem;
-        }
-        ++m_Count;
-    }
-    else
-        PushBack(newItem);
-}
-
-template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
-void VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::InsertAfter(ItemType* existingItem, ItemType* newItem)
-{
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(newItem != VMA_NULL && ItemTypeTraits::GetPrev(newItem) == VMA_NULL && ItemTypeTraits::GetNext(newItem) == VMA_NULL);
-    if (existingItem != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        ItemType* const nextItem = ItemTypeTraits::GetNext(existingItem);
-        ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(newItem) = nextItem;
-        ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(newItem) = existingItem;
-        ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(existingItem) = newItem;
-        if (nextItem != VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(nextItem) = newItem;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Back == existingItem);
-            m_Back = newItem;
-        }
-        ++m_Count;
-    }
-    else
-        return PushFront(newItem);
-}
-
-template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
-void VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::Remove(ItemType* item)
-{
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(item != VMA_NULL && m_Count > 0);
-    if (ItemTypeTraits::GetPrev(item) != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(item)) = ItemTypeTraits::GetNext(item);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Front == item);
-        m_Front = ItemTypeTraits::GetNext(item);
-    }
-
-    if (ItemTypeTraits::GetNext(item) != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(item)) = ItemTypeTraits::GetPrev(item);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Back == item);
-        m_Back = ItemTypeTraits::GetPrev(item);
-    }
-    ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(item) = VMA_NULL;
-    ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(item) = VMA_NULL;
-    --m_Count;
-}
-
-template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
-void VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::RemoveAll()
-{
-    if (!IsEmpty())
-    {
-        ItemType* item = m_Back;
-        while (item != VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            ItemType* const prevItem = ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(item);
-            ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(item) = VMA_NULL;
-            ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(item) = VMA_NULL;
-            item = prevItem;
-        }
-        m_Front = VMA_NULL;
-        m_Back = VMA_NULL;
-        m_Count = 0;
-    }
-}
-#endif // _VMA_INTRUSIVE_LINKED_LIST_FUNCTIONS
-#endif // _VMA_INTRUSIVE_LINKED_LIST
-
-// Unused in this version.
-#if 0
-
-#ifndef _VMA_PAIR
-template<typename T1, typename T2>
-struct VmaPair
-{
-    T1 first;
-    T2 second;
-
-    VmaPair() : first(), second() {}
-    VmaPair(const T1& firstSrc, const T2& secondSrc) : first(firstSrc), second(secondSrc) {}
-};
-
-template<typename FirstT, typename SecondT>
-struct VmaPairFirstLess
-{
-    bool operator()(const VmaPair<FirstT, SecondT>& lhs, const VmaPair<FirstT, SecondT>& rhs) const
-    {
-        return lhs.first < rhs.first;
-    }
-    bool operator()(const VmaPair<FirstT, SecondT>& lhs, const FirstT& rhsFirst) const
-    {
-        return lhs.first < rhsFirst;
-    }
-};
-#endif // _VMA_PAIR
-
-#ifndef _VMA_MAP
-/* Class compatible with subset of interface of std::unordered_map.
-KeyT, ValueT must be POD because they will be stored in VmaVector.
-*/
-template<typename KeyT, typename ValueT>
-class VmaMap
-{
-public:
-    typedef VmaPair<KeyT, ValueT> PairType;
-    typedef PairType* iterator;
-
-    VmaMap(const VmaStlAllocator<PairType>& allocator) : m_Vector(allocator) {}
-
-    iterator begin() { return m_Vector.begin(); }
-    iterator end() { return m_Vector.end(); }
-
-    void insert(const PairType& pair);
-    iterator find(const KeyT& key);
-    void erase(iterator it);
-
-private:
-    VmaVector< PairType, VmaStlAllocator<PairType> > m_Vector;
-};
-
-#ifndef _VMA_MAP_FUNCTIONS
-template<typename KeyT, typename ValueT>
-void VmaMap<KeyT, ValueT>::insert(const PairType& pair)
-{
-    const size_t indexToInsert = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(
-        m_Vector.data(),
-        m_Vector.data() + m_Vector.size(),
-        pair,
-        VmaPairFirstLess<KeyT, ValueT>()) - m_Vector.data();
-    VmaVectorInsert(m_Vector, indexToInsert, pair);
-}
-
-template<typename KeyT, typename ValueT>
-VmaPair<KeyT, ValueT>* VmaMap<KeyT, ValueT>::find(const KeyT& key)
-{
-    PairType* it = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(
-        m_Vector.data(),
-        m_Vector.data() + m_Vector.size(),
-        key,
-        VmaPairFirstLess<KeyT, ValueT>());
-    if ((it != m_Vector.end()) && (it->first == key))
-    {
-        return it;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        return m_Vector.end();
-    }
-}
-
-template<typename KeyT, typename ValueT>
-void VmaMap<KeyT, ValueT>::erase(iterator it)
-{
-    VmaVectorRemove(m_Vector, it - m_Vector.begin());
-}
-#endif // _VMA_MAP_FUNCTIONS
-#endif // _VMA_MAP
-
-#endif // #if 0
-
-#if !defined(_VMA_STRING_BUILDER) && VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-class VmaStringBuilder
-{
-public:
-    VmaStringBuilder(const VkAllocationCallbacks* allocationCallbacks) : m_Data(VmaStlAllocator<char>(allocationCallbacks)) {}
-    ~VmaStringBuilder() = default;
-
-    size_t GetLength() const { return m_Data.size(); }
-    const char* GetData() const { return m_Data.data(); }
-    void AddNewLine() { Add('\n'); }
-    void Add(char ch) { m_Data.push_back(ch); }
-
-    void Add(const char* pStr);
-    void AddNumber(uint32_t num);
-    void AddNumber(uint64_t num);
-    void AddPointer(const void* ptr);
-
-private:
-    VmaVector<char, VmaStlAllocator<char>> m_Data;
-};
-
-#ifndef _VMA_STRING_BUILDER_FUNCTIONS
-void VmaStringBuilder::Add(const char* pStr)
-{
-    const size_t strLen = strlen(pStr);
-    if (strLen > 0)
-    {
-        const size_t oldCount = m_Data.size();
-        m_Data.resize(oldCount + strLen);
-        memcpy(m_Data.data() + oldCount, pStr, strLen);
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaStringBuilder::AddNumber(uint32_t num)
-{
-    char buf[11];
-    buf[10] = '\0';
-    char* p = &buf[10];
-    do
-    {
-        *--p = '0' + (num % 10);
-        num /= 10;
-    } while (num);
-    Add(p);
-}
-
-void VmaStringBuilder::AddNumber(uint64_t num)
-{
-    char buf[21];
-    buf[20] = '\0';
-    char* p = &buf[20];
-    do
-    {
-        *--p = '0' + (num % 10);
-        num /= 10;
-    } while (num);
-    Add(p);
-}
-
-void VmaStringBuilder::AddPointer(const void* ptr)
-{
-    char buf[21];
-    VmaPtrToStr(buf, sizeof(buf), ptr);
-    Add(buf);
-}
-#endif //_VMA_STRING_BUILDER_FUNCTIONS
-#endif // _VMA_STRING_BUILDER
-
-#if !defined(_VMA_JSON_WRITER) && VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-/*
-Allows to conveniently build a correct JSON document to be written to the
-VmaStringBuilder passed to the constructor.
-*/
-class VmaJsonWriter
-{
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaJsonWriter)
-public:
-    // sb - string builder to write the document to. Must remain alive for the whole lifetime of this object.
-    VmaJsonWriter(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, VmaStringBuilder& sb);
-    ~VmaJsonWriter();
-
-    // Begins object by writing "{".
-    // Inside an object, you must call pairs of WriteString and a value, e.g.:
-    // j.BeginObject(true); j.WriteString("A"); j.WriteNumber(1); j.WriteString("B"); j.WriteNumber(2); j.EndObject();
-    // Will write: { "A": 1, "B": 2 }
-    void BeginObject(bool singleLine = false);
-    // Ends object by writing "}".
-    void EndObject();
-
-    // Begins array by writing "[".
-    // Inside an array, you can write a sequence of any values.
-    void BeginArray(bool singleLine = false);
-    // Ends array by writing "[".
-    void EndArray();
-
-    // Writes a string value inside "".
-    // pStr can contain any ANSI characters, including '"', new line etc. - they will be properly escaped.
-    void WriteString(const char* pStr);
-    
-    // Begins writing a string value.
-    // Call BeginString, ContinueString, ContinueString, ..., EndString instead of
-    // WriteString to conveniently build the string content incrementally, made of
-    // parts including numbers.
-    void BeginString(const char* pStr = VMA_NULL);
-    // Posts next part of an open string.
-    void ContinueString(const char* pStr);
-    // Posts next part of an open string. The number is converted to decimal characters.
-    void ContinueString(uint32_t n);
-    void ContinueString(uint64_t n);
-    // Posts next part of an open string. Pointer value is converted to characters
-    // using "%p" formatting - shown as hexadecimal number, e.g.: 000000081276Ad00
-    void ContinueString_Pointer(const void* ptr);
-    // Ends writing a string value by writing '"'.
-    void EndString(const char* pStr = VMA_NULL);
-
-    // Writes a number value.
-    void WriteNumber(uint32_t n);
-    void WriteNumber(uint64_t n);
-    // Writes a boolean value - false or true.
-    void WriteBool(bool b);
-    // Writes a null value.
-    void WriteNull();
-
-private:
-    enum COLLECTION_TYPE
-    {
-        COLLECTION_TYPE_OBJECT,
-        COLLECTION_TYPE_ARRAY,
-    };
-    struct StackItem
-    {
-        COLLECTION_TYPE type;
-        uint32_t valueCount;
-        bool singleLineMode;
-    };
-
-    static const char* const INDENT;
-
-    VmaStringBuilder& m_SB;
-    VmaVector< StackItem, VmaStlAllocator<StackItem> > m_Stack;
-    bool m_InsideString;
-
-    void BeginValue(bool isString);
-    void WriteIndent(bool oneLess = false);
-};
-const char* const VmaJsonWriter::INDENT = "  ";
-
-#ifndef _VMA_JSON_WRITER_FUNCTIONS
-VmaJsonWriter::VmaJsonWriter(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, VmaStringBuilder& sb)
-    : m_SB(sb),
-    m_Stack(VmaStlAllocator<StackItem>(pAllocationCallbacks)),
-    m_InsideString(false) {}
-
-VmaJsonWriter::~VmaJsonWriter()
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_Stack.empty());
-}
-
-void VmaJsonWriter::BeginObject(bool singleLine)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
-
-    BeginValue(false);
-    m_SB.Add('{');
-
-    StackItem item;
-    item.type = COLLECTION_TYPE_OBJECT;
-    item.valueCount = 0;
-    item.singleLineMode = singleLine;
-    m_Stack.push_back(item);
-}
-
-void VmaJsonWriter::EndObject()
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
-
-    WriteIndent(true);
-    m_SB.Add('}');
-
-    VMA_ASSERT(!m_Stack.empty() && m_Stack.back().type == COLLECTION_TYPE_OBJECT);
-    m_Stack.pop_back();
-}
-
-void VmaJsonWriter::BeginArray(bool singleLine)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
-
-    BeginValue(false);
-    m_SB.Add('[');
-
-    StackItem item;
-    item.type = COLLECTION_TYPE_ARRAY;
-    item.valueCount = 0;
-    item.singleLineMode = singleLine;
-    m_Stack.push_back(item);
-}
-
-void VmaJsonWriter::EndArray()
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
-
-    WriteIndent(true);
-    m_SB.Add(']');
-
-    VMA_ASSERT(!m_Stack.empty() && m_Stack.back().type == COLLECTION_TYPE_ARRAY);
-    m_Stack.pop_back();
-}
-
-void VmaJsonWriter::WriteString(const char* pStr)
-{
-    BeginString(pStr);
-    EndString();
-}
-
-void VmaJsonWriter::BeginString(const char* pStr)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
-
-    BeginValue(true);
-    m_SB.Add('"');
-    m_InsideString = true;
-    if (pStr != VMA_NULL && pStr[0] != '\0')
-    {
-        ContinueString(pStr);
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaJsonWriter::ContinueString(const char* pStr)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_InsideString);
-
-    const size_t strLen = strlen(pStr);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < strLen; ++i)
-    {
-        char ch = pStr[i];
-        if (ch == '\\')
-        {
-            m_SB.Add("\\\\");
-        }
-        else if (ch == '"')
-        {
-            m_SB.Add("\\\"");
-        }
-        else if (ch >= 32)
-        {
-            m_SB.Add(ch);
-        }
-        else switch (ch)
-        {
-        case '\b':
-            m_SB.Add("\\b");
-            break;
-        case '\f':
-            m_SB.Add("\\f");
-            break;
-        case '\n':
-            m_SB.Add("\\n");
-            break;
-        case '\r':
-            m_SB.Add("\\r");
-            break;
-        case '\t':
-            m_SB.Add("\\t");
-            break;
-        default:
-            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Character not currently supported.");
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaJsonWriter::ContinueString(uint32_t n)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_InsideString);
-    m_SB.AddNumber(n);
-}
-
-void VmaJsonWriter::ContinueString(uint64_t n)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_InsideString);
-    m_SB.AddNumber(n);
-}
-
-void VmaJsonWriter::ContinueString_Pointer(const void* ptr)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_InsideString);
-    m_SB.AddPointer(ptr);
-}
-
-void VmaJsonWriter::EndString(const char* pStr)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_InsideString);
-    if (pStr != VMA_NULL && pStr[0] != '\0')
-    {
-        ContinueString(pStr);
-    }
-    m_SB.Add('"');
-    m_InsideString = false;
-}
-
-void VmaJsonWriter::WriteNumber(uint32_t n)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
-    BeginValue(false);
-    m_SB.AddNumber(n);
-}
-
-void VmaJsonWriter::WriteNumber(uint64_t n)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
-    BeginValue(false);
-    m_SB.AddNumber(n);
-}
-
-void VmaJsonWriter::WriteBool(bool b)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
-    BeginValue(false);
-    m_SB.Add(b ? "true" : "false");
-}
-
-void VmaJsonWriter::WriteNull()
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
-    BeginValue(false);
-    m_SB.Add("null");
-}
-
-void VmaJsonWriter::BeginValue(bool isString)
-{
-    if (!m_Stack.empty())
-    {
-        StackItem& currItem = m_Stack.back();
-        if (currItem.type == COLLECTION_TYPE_OBJECT &&
-            currItem.valueCount % 2 == 0)
-        {
-            VMA_ASSERT(isString);
-        }
-
-        if (currItem.type == COLLECTION_TYPE_OBJECT &&
-            currItem.valueCount % 2 != 0)
-        {
-            m_SB.Add(": ");
-        }
-        else if (currItem.valueCount > 0)
-        {
-            m_SB.Add(", ");
-            WriteIndent();
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            WriteIndent();
-        }
-        ++currItem.valueCount;
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaJsonWriter::WriteIndent(bool oneLess)
-{
-    if (!m_Stack.empty() && !m_Stack.back().singleLineMode)
-    {
-        m_SB.AddNewLine();
-
-        size_t count = m_Stack.size();
-        if (count > 0 && oneLess)
-        {
-            --count;
-        }
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i)
-        {
-            m_SB.Add(INDENT);
-        }
-    }
-}
-#endif // _VMA_JSON_WRITER_FUNCTIONS
-
-static void VmaPrintStatInfo(VmaJsonWriter& json, const VmaStatInfo& stat)
-{
-    json.BeginObject();
-
-    json.WriteString("Blocks");
-    json.WriteNumber(stat.blockCount);
-
-    json.WriteString("Allocations");
-    json.WriteNumber(stat.allocationCount);
-
-    json.WriteString("UnusedRanges");
-    json.WriteNumber(stat.unusedRangeCount);
-
-    json.WriteString("UsedBytes");
-    json.WriteNumber(stat.usedBytes);
-
-    json.WriteString("UnusedBytes");
-    json.WriteNumber(stat.unusedBytes);
-
-    if (stat.allocationCount > 1)
-    {
-        json.WriteString("AllocationSize");
-        json.BeginObject(true);
-        json.WriteString("Min");
-        json.WriteNumber(stat.allocationSizeMin);
-        json.WriteString("Avg");
-        json.WriteNumber(stat.allocationSizeAvg);
-        json.WriteString("Max");
-        json.WriteNumber(stat.allocationSizeMax);
-        json.EndObject();
-    }
-
-    if (stat.unusedRangeCount > 1)
-    {
-        json.WriteString("UnusedRangeSize");
-        json.BeginObject(true);
-        json.WriteString("Min");
-        json.WriteNumber(stat.unusedRangeSizeMin);
-        json.WriteString("Avg");
-        json.WriteNumber(stat.unusedRangeSizeAvg);
-        json.WriteString("Max");
-        json.WriteNumber(stat.unusedRangeSizeMax);
-        json.EndObject();
-    }
-
-    json.EndObject();
-}
-#endif // _VMA_JSON_WRITER
-
-#ifndef _VMA_DEVICE_MEMORY_BLOCK
-/*
-Represents a single block of device memory (`VkDeviceMemory`) with all the
-data about its regions (aka suballocations, #VmaAllocation), assigned and free.
-
-Thread-safety: This class must be externally synchronized.
-*/
-class VmaDeviceMemoryBlock
-{
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaDeviceMemoryBlock)
-public:
-    VmaBlockMetadata* m_pMetadata;
-
-    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock(VmaAllocator hAllocator);
-    ~VmaDeviceMemoryBlock();
-
-    // Always call after construction.
-    void Init(
-        VmaAllocator hAllocator,
-        VmaPool hParentPool,
-        uint32_t newMemoryTypeIndex,
-        VkDeviceMemory newMemory,
-        VkDeviceSize newSize,
-        uint32_t id,
-        uint32_t algorithm,
-        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity);
-    // Always call before destruction.
-    void Destroy(VmaAllocator allocator);
-
-    VmaPool GetParentPool() const { return m_hParentPool; }
-    VkDeviceMemory GetDeviceMemory() const { return m_hMemory; }
-    uint32_t GetMemoryTypeIndex() const { return m_MemoryTypeIndex; }
-    uint32_t GetId() const { return m_Id; }
-    void* GetMappedData() const { return m_pMappedData; }
-
-    // Validates all data structures inside this object. If not valid, returns false.
-    bool Validate() const;
-    VkResult CheckCorruption(VmaAllocator hAllocator);
-
-    // ppData can be null.
-    VkResult Map(VmaAllocator hAllocator, uint32_t count, void** ppData);
-    void Unmap(VmaAllocator hAllocator, uint32_t count);
-
-    VkResult WriteMagicValueAfterAllocation(VmaAllocator hAllocator, VkDeviceSize allocOffset, VkDeviceSize allocSize);
-    VkResult ValidateMagicValueAfterAllocation(VmaAllocator hAllocator, VkDeviceSize allocOffset, VkDeviceSize allocSize);
-
-    VkResult BindBufferMemory(
-        const VmaAllocator hAllocator,
-        const VmaAllocation hAllocation,
-        VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
-        VkBuffer hBuffer,
-        const void* pNext);
-    VkResult BindImageMemory(
-        const VmaAllocator hAllocator,
-        const VmaAllocation hAllocation,
-        VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
-        VkImage hImage,
-        const void* pNext);
-
-private:
-    VmaPool m_hParentPool; // VK_NULL_HANDLE if not belongs to custom pool.
-    uint32_t m_MemoryTypeIndex;
-    uint32_t m_Id;
-    VkDeviceMemory m_hMemory;
-
-    /*
-    Protects access to m_hMemory so it is not used by multiple threads simultaneously, e.g. vkMapMemory, vkBindBufferMemory.
-    Also protects m_MapCount, m_pMappedData.
-    Allocations, deallocations, any change in m_pMetadata is protected by parent's VmaBlockVector::m_Mutex.
-    */
-    VMA_MUTEX m_Mutex;
-    uint32_t m_MapCount;
-    void* m_pMappedData;
-};
-#endif // _VMA_DEVICE_MEMORY_BLOCK
-
-#ifndef _VMA_ALLOCATION_T
-struct VmaAllocation_T
-{
-    friend struct VmaDedicatedAllocationListItemTraits;
-
-    static const uint8_t MAP_COUNT_FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP = 0x80;
-
-    enum FLAGS { FLAG_USER_DATA_STRING = 0x01 };
-
-public:
-    enum ALLOCATION_TYPE
-    {
-        ALLOCATION_TYPE_NONE,
-        ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK,
-        ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED,
-    };
-
-    // This struct is allocated using VmaPoolAllocator.
-    VmaAllocation_T(bool userDataString);
-    ~VmaAllocation_T();
-
-    void InitBlockAllocation(
-        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* block,
-        VmaAllocHandle allocHandle,
-        VkDeviceSize alignment,
-        VkDeviceSize size,
-        uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,
-        VmaSuballocationType suballocationType,
-        bool mapped);
-    // pMappedData not null means allocation is created with MAPPED flag.
-    void InitDedicatedAllocation(
-        VmaPool hParentPool,
-        uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,
-        VkDeviceMemory hMemory,
-        VmaSuballocationType suballocationType,
-        void* pMappedData,
-        VkDeviceSize size);
-
-    ALLOCATION_TYPE GetType() const { return (ALLOCATION_TYPE)m_Type; }
-    VkDeviceSize GetAlignment() const { return m_Alignment; }
-    VkDeviceSize GetSize() const { return m_Size; }
-    bool IsUserDataString() const { return (m_Flags & FLAG_USER_DATA_STRING) != 0; }
-    void* GetUserData() const { return m_pUserData; }
-    VmaSuballocationType GetSuballocationType() const { return (VmaSuballocationType)m_SuballocationType; }
-
-    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* GetBlock() const { VMA_ASSERT(m_Type == ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK); return m_BlockAllocation.m_Block; }
-    uint32_t GetMemoryTypeIndex() const { return m_MemoryTypeIndex; }
-    bool IsPersistentMap() const { return (m_MapCount & MAP_COUNT_FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP) != 0; }
-
-    void SetUserData(VmaAllocator hAllocator, void* pUserData);
-    void ChangeBlockAllocation(VmaAllocator hAllocator, VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* block, VmaAllocHandle allocHandle);
-    void ChangeAllocHandle(VmaAllocHandle newAllocHandle);
-    VmaAllocHandle GetAllocHandle() const;
-    VkDeviceSize GetOffset() const;
-    VmaPool GetParentPool() const;
-    VkDeviceMemory GetMemory() const;
-    void* GetMappedData() const;
-
-    void DedicatedAllocCalcStatsInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo);
-
-    void BlockAllocMap();
-    void BlockAllocUnmap();
-    VkResult DedicatedAllocMap(VmaAllocator hAllocator, void** ppData);
-    void DedicatedAllocUnmap(VmaAllocator hAllocator);
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-    uint32_t GetBufferImageUsage() const { return m_BufferImageUsage; }
-
-    void InitBufferImageUsage(uint32_t bufferImageUsage);
-    void PrintParameters(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const;
-#endif
-
-private:
-    // Allocation out of VmaDeviceMemoryBlock.
-    struct BlockAllocation
-    {
-        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* m_Block;
-        VmaAllocHandle m_AllocHandle;
-    };
-    // Allocation for an object that has its own private VkDeviceMemory.
-    struct DedicatedAllocation
-    {
-        VmaPool m_hParentPool; // VK_NULL_HANDLE if not belongs to custom pool.
-        VkDeviceMemory m_hMemory;
-        void* m_pMappedData; // Not null means memory is mapped.
-        VmaAllocation_T* m_Prev;
-        VmaAllocation_T* m_Next;
-    };
-    union
-    {
-        // Allocation out of VmaDeviceMemoryBlock.
-        BlockAllocation m_BlockAllocation;
-        // Allocation for an object that has its own private VkDeviceMemory.
-        DedicatedAllocation m_DedicatedAllocation;
-    };
-
-    VkDeviceSize m_Alignment;
-    VkDeviceSize m_Size;
-    void* m_pUserData;
-    uint32_t m_MemoryTypeIndex;
-    uint8_t m_Type; // ALLOCATION_TYPE
-    uint8_t m_SuballocationType; // VmaSuballocationType
-    // Bit 0x80 is set when allocation was created with VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT.
-    // Bits with mask 0x7F are reference counter for vmaMapMemory()/vmaUnmapMemory().
-    uint8_t m_MapCount;
-    uint8_t m_Flags; // enum FLAGS
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-    uint32_t m_BufferImageUsage; // 0 if unknown.
-#endif
-
-    void FreeUserDataString(VmaAllocator hAllocator);
-};
-#endif // _VMA_ALLOCATION_T
-
-#ifndef _VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_LIST_ITEM_TRAITS
-struct VmaDedicatedAllocationListItemTraits
-{
-    typedef VmaAllocation_T ItemType;
-
-    static ItemType* GetPrev(const ItemType* item)
-    {
-        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(item->GetType() == VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED);
-        return item->m_DedicatedAllocation.m_Prev;
-    }
-    static ItemType* GetNext(const ItemType* item)
-    {
-        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(item->GetType() == VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED);
-        return item->m_DedicatedAllocation.m_Next;
-    }
-    static ItemType*& AccessPrev(ItemType* item)
-    {
-        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(item->GetType() == VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED);
-        return item->m_DedicatedAllocation.m_Prev;
-    }
-    static ItemType*& AccessNext(ItemType* item)
-    {
-        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(item->GetType() == VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED);
-        return item->m_DedicatedAllocation.m_Next;
-    }
-};
-#endif // _VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_LIST_ITEM_TRAITS
-
-#ifndef _VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_LIST
-/*
-Stores linked list of VmaAllocation_T objects.
-Thread-safe, synchronized internally.
-*/
-class VmaDedicatedAllocationList
-{
-public:
-    VmaDedicatedAllocationList() {}
-    ~VmaDedicatedAllocationList();
-
-    void Init(bool useMutex) { m_UseMutex = useMutex; }
-    bool Validate();
-
-    void AddStats(VmaStats* stats, uint32_t memTypeIndex, uint32_t memHeapIndex);
-    void AddPoolStats(VmaPoolStats* stats);
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-    // Writes JSON array with the list of allocations.
-    void BuildStatsString(VmaJsonWriter& json);
-#endif
-
-    bool IsEmpty();
-    void Register(VmaAllocation alloc);
-    void Unregister(VmaAllocation alloc);
-
-private:
-    typedef VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<VmaDedicatedAllocationListItemTraits> DedicatedAllocationLinkedList;
-
-    bool m_UseMutex = true;
-    VMA_RW_MUTEX m_Mutex;
-    DedicatedAllocationLinkedList m_AllocationList;
-};
-
-#ifndef _VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_LIST_FUNCTIONS
-
-VmaDedicatedAllocationList::~VmaDedicatedAllocationList()
-{
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(Validate());
-
-    if (!m_AllocationList.IsEmpty())
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(false && "Unfreed dedicated allocations found!");
-    }
-}
-
-bool VmaDedicatedAllocationList::Validate()
-{
-    const size_t declaredCount = m_AllocationList.GetCount();
-    size_t actualCount = 0;
-    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_UseMutex);
-    for (VmaAllocation alloc = m_AllocationList.Front();
-        alloc != VMA_NULL; alloc = m_AllocationList.GetNext(alloc))
-    {
-        ++actualCount;
-    }
-    VMA_VALIDATE(actualCount == declaredCount);
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-void VmaDedicatedAllocationList::AddStats(VmaStats* stats, uint32_t memTypeIndex, uint32_t memHeapIndex)
-{
-    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_UseMutex);
-    for (VmaAllocation alloc = m_AllocationList.Front();
-        alloc != VMA_NULL; alloc = m_AllocationList.GetNext(alloc))
-    {
-        VmaStatInfo allocationStatInfo;
-        alloc->DedicatedAllocCalcStatsInfo(allocationStatInfo);
-        VmaAddStatInfo(stats->total, allocationStatInfo);
-        VmaAddStatInfo(stats->memoryType[memTypeIndex], allocationStatInfo);
-        VmaAddStatInfo(stats->memoryHeap[memHeapIndex], allocationStatInfo);
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaDedicatedAllocationList::AddPoolStats(VmaPoolStats* stats)
-{
-    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_UseMutex);
-
-    const size_t allocCount = m_AllocationList.GetCount();
-    stats->allocationCount += allocCount;
-    stats->blockCount += allocCount;
-
-    for(auto* item = m_AllocationList.Front(); item != nullptr; item = DedicatedAllocationLinkedList::GetNext(item))
-    {
-        stats->size += item->GetSize();
-    }
-}
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-void VmaDedicatedAllocationList::BuildStatsString(VmaJsonWriter& json)
-{
-    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_UseMutex);
-    json.BeginArray();
-    for (VmaAllocation alloc = m_AllocationList.Front();
-        alloc != VMA_NULL; alloc = m_AllocationList.GetNext(alloc))
-    {
-        json.BeginObject(true);
-        alloc->PrintParameters(json);
-        json.EndObject();
-    }
-    json.EndArray();
-}
-#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-
-bool VmaDedicatedAllocationList::IsEmpty()
-{
-    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_UseMutex);
-    return m_AllocationList.IsEmpty();
-}
-
-void VmaDedicatedAllocationList::Register(VmaAllocation alloc)
-{
-    VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_Mutex, m_UseMutex);
-    m_AllocationList.PushBack(alloc);
-}
-
-void VmaDedicatedAllocationList::Unregister(VmaAllocation alloc)
-{
-    VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_Mutex, m_UseMutex);
-    m_AllocationList.Remove(alloc);
-}
-#endif // _VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_LIST_FUNCTIONS
-#endif // _VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_LIST
-
-#ifndef _VMA_SUBALLOCATION
-/*
-Represents a region of VmaDeviceMemoryBlock that is either assigned and returned as
-allocated memory block or free.
-*/
-struct VmaSuballocation
-{
-    VkDeviceSize offset;
-    VkDeviceSize size;
-    void* userData;
-    VmaSuballocationType type;
-};
-
-// Comparator for offsets.
-struct VmaSuballocationOffsetLess
-{
-    bool operator()(const VmaSuballocation& lhs, const VmaSuballocation& rhs) const
-    {
-        return lhs.offset < rhs.offset;
-    }
-};
-
-struct VmaSuballocationOffsetGreater
-{
-    bool operator()(const VmaSuballocation& lhs, const VmaSuballocation& rhs) const
-    {
-        return lhs.offset > rhs.offset;
-    }
-};
-
-struct VmaSuballocationItemSizeLess
-{
-    bool operator()(const VmaSuballocationList::iterator lhs,
-        const VmaSuballocationList::iterator rhs) const
-    {
-        return lhs->size < rhs->size;
-    }
-
-    bool operator()(const VmaSuballocationList::iterator lhs,
-        VkDeviceSize rhsSize) const
-    {
-        return lhs->size < rhsSize;
-    }
-};
-#endif // _VMA_SUBALLOCATION
-
-#ifndef _VMA_ALLOCATION_REQUEST
-/*
-Parameters of planned allocation inside a VmaDeviceMemoryBlock.
-item points to a FREE suballocation.
-*/
-struct VmaAllocationRequest
-{
-    VmaAllocHandle allocHandle;
-    VkDeviceSize size;
-    VmaSuballocationList::iterator item;
-    void* customData;
-    uint64_t algorithmData;
-    VmaAllocationRequestType type;
-};
-#endif // _VMA_ALLOCATION_REQUEST
-
-#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA
-/*
-Data structure used for bookkeeping of allocations and unused ranges of memory
-in a single VkDeviceMemory block.
-*/
-class VmaBlockMetadata
-{
-public:
-    // pAllocationCallbacks, if not null, must be owned externally - alive and unchanged for the whole lifetime of this object.
-    VmaBlockMetadata(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
-        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity, bool isVirtual);
-    virtual ~VmaBlockMetadata() = default;
-
-    virtual void Init(VkDeviceSize size) { m_Size = size; }
-    bool IsVirtual() const { return m_IsVirtual; }
-    VkDeviceSize GetSize() const { return m_Size; }
-
-    // Validates all data structures inside this object. If not valid, returns false.
-    virtual bool Validate() const = 0;
-    virtual size_t GetAllocationCount() const = 0;
-    virtual VkDeviceSize GetSumFreeSize() const = 0;
-    // Returns true if this block is empty - contains only single free suballocation.
-    virtual bool IsEmpty() const = 0;
-    virtual void GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo) = 0;
-    virtual VkDeviceSize GetAllocationOffset(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) const = 0;
-
-    // Must set blockCount to 1.
-    virtual void CalcAllocationStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo) const = 0;
-    // Shouldn't modify blockCount.
-    virtual void AddPoolStats(VmaPoolStats& inoutStats) const = 0;
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-    virtual void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const = 0;
-#endif
-
-    // Tries to find a place for suballocation with given parameters inside this block.
-    // If succeeded, fills pAllocationRequest and returns true.
-    // If failed, returns false.
-    virtual bool CreateAllocationRequest(
-        VkDeviceSize allocSize,
-        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
-        bool upperAddress,
-        VmaSuballocationType allocType,
-        // Always one of VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_* or VMA_ALLOCATION_INTERNAL_STRATEGY_* flags.
-        uint32_t strategy,
-        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest) = 0;
-
-    virtual VkResult CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData) = 0;
-
-    // Makes actual allocation based on request. Request must already be checked and valid.
-    virtual void Alloc(
-        const VmaAllocationRequest& request,
-        VmaSuballocationType type,
-        void* userData) = 0;
-
-    // Frees suballocation assigned to given memory region.
-    virtual void Free(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) = 0;
-
-    // Frees all allocations.
-    // Careful! Don't call it if there are VmaAllocation objects owned by userData of cleared allocations!
-    virtual void Clear() = 0;
-
-    virtual void SetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, void* userData) = 0;
-    virtual void DebugLogAllAllocations() const = 0;
-
-protected:
-    const VkAllocationCallbacks* GetAllocationCallbacks() const { return m_pAllocationCallbacks; }
-    VkDeviceSize GetBufferImageGranularity() const { return m_BufferImageGranularity; }
-    VkDeviceSize GetDebugMargin() const { return IsVirtual() ? 0 : VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN; }
-
-    void DebugLogAllocation(VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size, void* userData) const;
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-    void PrintDetailedMap_Begin(class VmaJsonWriter& json,
-        VkDeviceSize unusedBytes,
-        size_t allocationCount,
-        size_t unusedRangeCount) const;
-    void PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(class VmaJsonWriter& json,
-        VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size, void* userData) const;
-    void PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(class VmaJsonWriter& json,
-        VkDeviceSize offset,
-        VkDeviceSize size) const;
-    void PrintDetailedMap_End(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const;
-#endif
-
-private:
-    VkDeviceSize m_Size;
-    const VkAllocationCallbacks* m_pAllocationCallbacks;
-    const VkDeviceSize m_BufferImageGranularity;
-    const bool m_IsVirtual;
-};
-
-#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_FUNCTIONS
-VmaBlockMetadata::VmaBlockMetadata(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
-    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity, bool isVirtual)
-    : m_Size(0),
-    m_pAllocationCallbacks(pAllocationCallbacks),
-    m_BufferImageGranularity(bufferImageGranularity),
-    m_IsVirtual(isVirtual) {}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata::DebugLogAllocation(VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size, void* userData) const
-{
-    if (IsVirtual())
-    {
-        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("UNFREED VIRTUAL ALLOCATION; Offset: %llu; Size: %llu; UserData: %p", offset, size, userData);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(userData != VMA_NULL);
-        VmaAllocation allocation = reinterpret_cast<VmaAllocation>(userData);
-
-        userData = allocation->GetUserData();
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-        if (userData != VMA_NULL && allocation->IsUserDataString())
-        {
-            VMA_DEBUG_LOG("UNFREED ALLOCATION; Offset: %llu; Size: %llu; UserData: %s; Type: %s; Usage: %u",
-                offset, size, reinterpret_cast<const char*>(userData),
-                VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_NAMES[allocation->GetSuballocationType()],
-                allocation->GetBufferImageUsage());
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            VMA_DEBUG_LOG("UNFREED ALLOCATION; Offset: %llu; Size: %llu; UserData: %p; Type: %s; Usage: %u",
-                offset, size, userData,
-                VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_NAMES[allocation->GetSuballocationType()],
-                allocation->GetBufferImageUsage());
-        }
-#else
-        if (userData != VMA_NULL && allocation->IsUserDataString())
-        {
-            VMA_DEBUG_LOG("UNFREED ALLOCATION; Offset: %llu; Size: %llu; UserData: %s; Type: %u",
-                offset, size, reinterpret_cast<const char*>(userData),
-                (uint32_t)allocation->GetSuballocationType());
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            VMA_DEBUG_LOG("UNFREED ALLOCATION; Offset: %llu; Size: %llu; UserData: %p; Type: %u",
-                offset, size, userData,
-                (uint32_t)allocation->GetSuballocationType());
-        }
-#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-    }
-    
-}
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-void VmaBlockMetadata::PrintDetailedMap_Begin(class VmaJsonWriter& json,
-    VkDeviceSize unusedBytes, size_t allocationCount, size_t unusedRangeCount) const
-{
-    json.BeginObject();
-
-    json.WriteString("TotalBytes");
-    json.WriteNumber(GetSize());
-
-    json.WriteString("UnusedBytes");
-    json.WriteNumber(unusedBytes);
-
-    json.WriteString("Allocations");
-    json.WriteNumber((uint64_t)allocationCount);
-
-    json.WriteString("UnusedRanges");
-    json.WriteNumber((uint64_t)unusedRangeCount);
-
-    json.WriteString("Suballocations");
-    json.BeginArray();
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata::PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(class VmaJsonWriter& json,
-    VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size, void* userData) const
-{
-    json.BeginObject(true);
-
-    json.WriteString("Offset");
-    json.WriteNumber(offset);
-
-    if (IsVirtual())
-    {
-        json.WriteString("Type");
-        json.WriteString("VirtualAllocation");
-
-        json.WriteString("Size");
-        json.WriteNumber(size);
-
-        if (userData != VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            json.WriteString("UserData");
-            json.BeginString();
-            json.ContinueString_Pointer(userData);
-            json.EndString();
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ((VmaAllocation)userData)->PrintParameters(json);
-    }
-
-    json.EndObject();
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata::PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(class VmaJsonWriter& json,
-    VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size) const
-{
-    json.BeginObject(true);
-
-    json.WriteString("Offset");
-    json.WriteNumber(offset);
-
-    json.WriteString("Type");
-    json.WriteString(VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_NAMES[VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE]);
-
-    json.WriteString("Size");
-    json.WriteNumber(size);
-
-    json.EndObject();
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata::PrintDetailedMap_End(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const
-{
-    json.EndArray();
-    json.EndObject();
-}
-#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_FUNCTIONS
-#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA
-
-#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY
-// Before deleting object of this class remember to call 'Destroy()'
-class VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity final
-{
-public:
-    struct ValidationContext
-    {
-        const VkAllocationCallbacks* allocCallbacks;
-        uint16_t* pageAllocs;
-    };
-
-    VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity(VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity);
-    ~VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity();
-
-    bool IsEnabled() const { return m_BufferImageGranularity > MAX_LOW_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY; }
-
-    void Init(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, VkDeviceSize size);
-    // Before destroying object you must call free it's memory
-    void Destroy(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
-
-    void RoundupAllocRequest(VmaSuballocationType allocType,
-        VkDeviceSize& inOutAllocSize,
-        VkDeviceSize& inOutAllocAlignment) const;
-
-    bool CheckConflictAndAlignUp(VkDeviceSize& inOutAllocOffset,
-        VkDeviceSize allocSize,
-        VkDeviceSize blockOffset,
-        VkDeviceSize blockSize,
-        VmaSuballocationType allocType) const;
-
-    void AllocPages(uint8_t allocType, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size);
-    void FreePages(VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size);
-    void Clear();
-
-    ValidationContext StartValidation(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
-        bool isVirutal) const;
-    bool Validate(ValidationContext& ctx, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size) const;
-    bool FinishValidation(ValidationContext& ctx) const;
-
-private:
-    static const uint16_t MAX_LOW_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY = 256;
-
-    struct RegionInfo
-    {
-        uint8_t allocType;
-        uint16_t allocCount;
-    };
-
-    VkDeviceSize m_BufferImageGranularity;
-    uint32_t m_RegionCount;
-    RegionInfo* m_RegionInfo;
-
-    uint32_t GetStartPage(VkDeviceSize offset) const { return OffsetToPageIndex(offset & ~(m_BufferImageGranularity - 1)); }
-    uint32_t GetEndPage(VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size) const { return OffsetToPageIndex((offset + size - 1) & ~(m_BufferImageGranularity - 1)); }
-
-    uint32_t OffsetToPageIndex(VkDeviceSize offset) const;
-    void AllocPage(RegionInfo& page, uint8_t allocType);
-};
-
-#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY_FUNCTIONS
-VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity(VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity)
-    : m_BufferImageGranularity(bufferImageGranularity),
-    m_RegionCount(0),
-    m_RegionInfo(VMA_NULL) {}
-
-VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::~VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity()
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_RegionInfo == VMA_NULL && "Free not called before destroying object!");
-}
-
-void VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::Init(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, VkDeviceSize size)
-{
-    if (IsEnabled())
-    {
-        m_RegionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(VmaDivideRoundingUp(size, m_BufferImageGranularity));
-        m_RegionInfo = vma_new_array(pAllocationCallbacks, RegionInfo, m_RegionCount);
-        memset(m_RegionInfo, 0, m_RegionCount * sizeof(RegionInfo));
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::Destroy(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
-{
-    if (m_RegionInfo)
-    {
-        vma_delete_array(pAllocationCallbacks, m_RegionInfo, m_RegionCount);
-        m_RegionInfo = VMA_NULL;
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::RoundupAllocRequest(VmaSuballocationType allocType,
-    VkDeviceSize& inOutAllocSize,
-    VkDeviceSize& inOutAllocAlignment) const
-{
-    if (m_BufferImageGranularity > 1 &&
-        m_BufferImageGranularity <= MAX_LOW_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY)
-    {
-        if (allocType == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN ||
-            allocType == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_UNKNOWN ||
-            allocType == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL)
-        {
-            inOutAllocAlignment = VMA_MAX(inOutAllocAlignment, m_BufferImageGranularity);
-            inOutAllocSize = VmaAlignUp(inOutAllocSize, m_BufferImageGranularity);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-bool VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::CheckConflictAndAlignUp(VkDeviceSize& inOutAllocOffset,
-    VkDeviceSize allocSize,
-    VkDeviceSize blockOffset,
-    VkDeviceSize blockSize,
-    VmaSuballocationType allocType) const
-{
-    if (IsEnabled())
-    {
-        uint32_t startPage = GetStartPage(inOutAllocOffset);
-        if (m_RegionInfo[startPage].allocCount > 0 &&
-            VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(static_cast<VmaSuballocationType>(m_RegionInfo[startPage].allocType), allocType))
-        {
-            inOutAllocOffset = VmaAlignUp(inOutAllocOffset, m_BufferImageGranularity);
-            if (blockSize < allocSize + inOutAllocOffset - blockOffset)
-                return true;
-            ++startPage;
-        }
-        uint32_t endPage = GetEndPage(inOutAllocOffset, allocSize);
-        if (endPage != startPage &&
-            m_RegionInfo[endPage].allocCount > 0 &&
-            VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(static_cast<VmaSuballocationType>(m_RegionInfo[endPage].allocType), allocType))
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::AllocPages(uint8_t allocType, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size)
-{
-    if (IsEnabled())
-    {
-        uint32_t startPage = GetStartPage(offset);
-        AllocPage(m_RegionInfo[startPage], allocType);
-
-        uint32_t endPage = GetEndPage(offset, size);
-        if (startPage != endPage)
-            AllocPage(m_RegionInfo[endPage], allocType);
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::FreePages(VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size)
-{
-    if (IsEnabled())
-    {
-        uint32_t startPage = GetStartPage(offset);
-        --m_RegionInfo[startPage].allocCount;
-        if (m_RegionInfo[startPage].allocCount == 0)
-            m_RegionInfo[startPage].allocType = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
-        uint32_t endPage = GetEndPage(offset, size);
-        if (startPage != endPage)
-        {
-            --m_RegionInfo[endPage].allocCount;
-            if (m_RegionInfo[endPage].allocCount == 0)
-                m_RegionInfo[endPage].allocType = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::Clear()
-{
-    if (m_RegionInfo)
-        memset(m_RegionInfo, 0, m_RegionCount * sizeof(RegionInfo));
-}
-
-VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::ValidationContext VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::StartValidation(
-    const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, bool isVirutal) const
-{
-    ValidationContext ctx{ pAllocationCallbacks, VMA_NULL };
-    if (!isVirutal && IsEnabled())
-    {
-        ctx.pageAllocs = vma_new_array(pAllocationCallbacks, uint16_t, m_RegionCount);
-        memset(ctx.pageAllocs, 0, m_RegionCount * sizeof(uint16_t));
-    }
-    return ctx;
-}
-
-bool VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::Validate(ValidationContext& ctx,
-    VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size) const
-{
-    if (IsEnabled())
-    {
-        uint32_t start = GetStartPage(offset);
-        ++ctx.pageAllocs[start];
-        VMA_VALIDATE(m_RegionInfo[start].allocCount > 0);
-
-        uint32_t end = GetEndPage(offset, size);
-        if (start != end)
-        {
-            ++ctx.pageAllocs[end];
-            VMA_VALIDATE(m_RegionInfo[end].allocCount > 0);
-        }
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::FinishValidation(ValidationContext& ctx) const
-{
-    // Check proper page structure
-    if (IsEnabled())
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(ctx.pageAllocs != VMA_NULL && "Validation context not initialized!");
-
-        for (uint32_t page = 0; page < m_RegionCount; ++page)
-        {
-            VMA_VALIDATE(ctx.pageAllocs[page] == m_RegionInfo[page].allocCount);
-        }
-        vma_delete_array(ctx.allocCallbacks, ctx.pageAllocs, m_RegionCount);
-        ctx.pageAllocs = VMA_NULL;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-uint32_t VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::OffsetToPageIndex(VkDeviceSize offset) const
-{
-    return static_cast<uint32_t>(offset >> VMA_BITSCAN_MSB(m_BufferImageGranularity));
-}
-
-void VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::AllocPage(RegionInfo& page, uint8_t allocType)
-{
-    // When current alloc type is free then it can be overriden by new type
-    if (page.allocCount == 0 || page.allocCount > 0 && page.allocType == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
-        page.allocType = allocType;
-
-    ++page.allocCount;
-}
-#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY_FUNCTIONS
-#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY
-
-#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_GENERIC
-class VmaBlockMetadata_Generic : public VmaBlockMetadata
-{
-    friend class VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic;
-    friend class VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast;
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaBlockMetadata_Generic)
-public:
-    VmaBlockMetadata_Generic(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
-        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity, bool isVirtual);
-    virtual ~VmaBlockMetadata_Generic() = default;
-
-    size_t GetAllocationCount() const override { return m_Suballocations.size() - m_FreeCount; }
-    VkDeviceSize GetSumFreeSize() const override { return m_SumFreeSize; }
-    bool IsEmpty() const override { return (m_Suballocations.size() == 1) && (m_FreeCount == 1); }
-    void Free(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) override { FreeSuballocation(FindAtOffset((VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1)); }
-    VkDeviceSize GetAllocationOffset(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) const override { return (VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1; };
-
-    void Init(VkDeviceSize size) override;
-    bool Validate() const override;
-
-    void CalcAllocationStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo) const override;
-    void AddPoolStats(VmaPoolStats& inoutStats) const override;
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-    void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const override;
-#endif
-
-    bool CreateAllocationRequest(
-        VkDeviceSize allocSize,
-        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
-        bool upperAddress,
-        VmaSuballocationType allocType,
-        uint32_t strategy,
-        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest) override;
-
-    VkResult CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData) override;
-
-    void Alloc(
-        const VmaAllocationRequest& request,
-        VmaSuballocationType type,
-        void* userData) override;
-
-    void GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo) override;
-    void Clear() override;
-    void SetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, void* userData) override;
-    void DebugLogAllAllocations() const override;
-
-    // For defragmentation
-    bool IsBufferImageGranularityConflictPossible(
-        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,
-        VmaSuballocationType& inOutPrevSuballocType) const;
-
-private:
-    uint32_t m_FreeCount;
-    VkDeviceSize m_SumFreeSize;
-    VmaSuballocationList m_Suballocations;
-    // Suballocations that are free. Sorted by size, ascending.
-    VmaVector<VmaSuballocationList::iterator, VmaStlAllocator<VmaSuballocationList::iterator>> m_FreeSuballocationsBySize;
-
-    VkDeviceSize AlignAllocationSize(VkDeviceSize size) const { return IsVirtual() ? size : VmaAlignUp(size, (VkDeviceSize)16); }
-
-    VmaSuballocationList::iterator FindAtOffset(VkDeviceSize offset);
-    bool ValidateFreeSuballocationList() const;
-
-    // Checks if requested suballocation with given parameters can be placed in given pFreeSuballocItem.
-    // If yes, fills pOffset and returns true. If no, returns false.
-    bool CheckAllocation(
-        VkDeviceSize allocSize,
-        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
-        VmaSuballocationType allocType,
-        VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator suballocItem,
-        VmaAllocHandle* pAllocHandle) const;
-
-    // Given free suballocation, it merges it with following one, which must also be free.
-    void MergeFreeWithNext(VmaSuballocationList::iterator item);
-    // Releases given suballocation, making it free.
-    // Merges it with adjacent free suballocations if applicable.
-    // Returns iterator to new free suballocation at this place.
-    VmaSuballocationList::iterator FreeSuballocation(VmaSuballocationList::iterator suballocItem);
-    // Given free suballocation, it inserts it into sorted list of
-    // m_FreeSuballocationsBySize if it is suitable.
-    void RegisterFreeSuballocation(VmaSuballocationList::iterator item);
-    // Given free suballocation, it removes it from sorted list of
-    // m_FreeSuballocationsBySize if it is suitable.
-    void UnregisterFreeSuballocation(VmaSuballocationList::iterator item);
-};
-
-#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_GENERIC_FUNCTIONS
-VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::VmaBlockMetadata_Generic(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
-    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity, bool isVirtual)
-    : VmaBlockMetadata(pAllocationCallbacks, bufferImageGranularity, isVirtual),
-    m_FreeCount(0),
-    m_SumFreeSize(0),
-    m_Suballocations(VmaStlAllocator<VmaSuballocation>(pAllocationCallbacks)),
-    m_FreeSuballocationsBySize(VmaStlAllocator<VmaSuballocationList::iterator>(pAllocationCallbacks)) {}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::Init(VkDeviceSize size)
-{
-    VmaBlockMetadata::Init(size);
-
-    m_FreeCount = 1;
-    m_SumFreeSize = size;
-
-    VmaSuballocation suballoc = {};
-    suballoc.offset = 0;
-    suballoc.size = size;
-    suballoc.type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
-
-    m_Suballocations.push_back(suballoc);
-    m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.push_back(m_Suballocations.begin());
-}
-
-bool VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::Validate() const
-{
-    VMA_VALIDATE(!m_Suballocations.empty());
-
-    // Expected offset of new suballocation as calculated from previous ones.
-    VkDeviceSize calculatedOffset = 0;
-    // Expected number of free suballocations as calculated from traversing their list.
-    uint32_t calculatedFreeCount = 0;
-    // Expected sum size of free suballocations as calculated from traversing their list.
-    VkDeviceSize calculatedSumFreeSize = 0;
-    // Expected number of free suballocations that should be registered in
-    // m_FreeSuballocationsBySize calculated from traversing their list.
-    size_t freeSuballocationsToRegister = 0;
-    // True if previous visited suballocation was free.
-    bool prevFree = false;
-
-    const VkDeviceSize debugMargin = GetDebugMargin();
-
-    for (const auto& subAlloc : m_Suballocations)
-    {
-        // Actual offset of this suballocation doesn't match expected one.
-        VMA_VALIDATE(subAlloc.offset == calculatedOffset);
-
-        const bool currFree = (subAlloc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
-        // Two adjacent free suballocations are invalid. They should be merged.
-        VMA_VALIDATE(!prevFree || !currFree);
-
-        VmaAllocation alloc = (VmaAllocation)subAlloc.userData;
-        if (!IsVirtual())
-        {
-            VMA_VALIDATE(currFree == (alloc == VK_NULL_HANDLE));
-        }
-
-        if (currFree)
-        {
-            calculatedSumFreeSize += subAlloc.size;
-            ++calculatedFreeCount;
-            ++freeSuballocationsToRegister;
-
-            // Margin required between allocations - every free space must be at least that large.
-            VMA_VALIDATE(subAlloc.size >= debugMargin);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (!IsVirtual())
-            {
-                VMA_VALIDATE((VkDeviceSize)alloc->GetAllocHandle() == subAlloc.offset + 1);
-                VMA_VALIDATE(alloc->GetSize() == subAlloc.size);
-            }
-
-            // Margin required between allocations - previous allocation must be free.
-            VMA_VALIDATE(debugMargin == 0 || prevFree);
-        }
-
-        calculatedOffset += subAlloc.size;
-        prevFree = currFree;
-    }
-
-    // Number of free suballocations registered in m_FreeSuballocationsBySize doesn't
-    // match expected one.
-    VMA_VALIDATE(m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.size() == freeSuballocationsToRegister);
-
-    VkDeviceSize lastSize = 0;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.size(); ++i)
-    {
-        VmaSuballocationList::iterator suballocItem = m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[i];
-
-        // Only free suballocations can be registered in m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.
-        VMA_VALIDATE(suballocItem->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
-        // They must be sorted by size ascending.
-        VMA_VALIDATE(suballocItem->size >= lastSize);
-
-        lastSize = suballocItem->size;
-    }
-
-    // Check if totals match calculated values.
-    VMA_VALIDATE(ValidateFreeSuballocationList());
-    VMA_VALIDATE(calculatedOffset == GetSize());
-    VMA_VALIDATE(calculatedSumFreeSize == m_SumFreeSize);
-    VMA_VALIDATE(calculatedFreeCount == m_FreeCount);
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::CalcAllocationStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo) const
-{
-    const uint32_t rangeCount = (uint32_t)m_Suballocations.size();
-    VmaInitStatInfo(outInfo);
-    outInfo.blockCount = 1;
-
-    for (const auto& suballoc : m_Suballocations)
-    {
-        if (suballoc.type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
-        {
-            VmaAddStatInfoAllocation(outInfo, suballoc.size);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            VmaAddStatInfoUnusedRange(outInfo, suballoc.size);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::AddPoolStats(VmaPoolStats& inoutStats) const
-{
-    const uint32_t rangeCount = (uint32_t)m_Suballocations.size();
-
-    inoutStats.size += GetSize();
-    inoutStats.unusedSize += m_SumFreeSize;
-    inoutStats.allocationCount += rangeCount - m_FreeCount;
-    inoutStats.unusedRangeCount += m_FreeCount;
-}
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const
-{
-    PrintDetailedMap_Begin(json,
-        m_SumFreeSize, // unusedBytes
-        m_Suballocations.size() - (size_t)m_FreeCount, // allocationCount
-        m_FreeCount); // unusedRangeCount
-
-    for (const auto& suballoc : m_Suballocations)
-    {
-        if (suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
-        {
-            PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, suballoc.offset, suballoc.size);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(json, suballoc.offset, suballoc.size, suballoc.userData);
-        }
-    }
-
-    PrintDetailedMap_End(json);
-}
-#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-
-bool VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::CreateAllocationRequest(
-    VkDeviceSize allocSize,
-    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
-    bool upperAddress,
-    VmaSuballocationType allocType,
-    uint32_t strategy,
-    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocSize > 0);
-    VMA_ASSERT(!upperAddress);
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocType != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
-    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationRequest != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(Validate());
-
-    allocSize = AlignAllocationSize(allocSize);
-
-    pAllocationRequest->type = VmaAllocationRequestType::Normal;
-    pAllocationRequest->size = allocSize;
-
-    const VkDeviceSize debugMargin = GetDebugMargin();
-
-    // There is not enough total free space in this block to fulfill the request: Early return.
-    if (m_SumFreeSize < allocSize + debugMargin)
-    {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // New algorithm, efficiently searching freeSuballocationsBySize.
-    const size_t freeSuballocCount = m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.size();
-    if (freeSuballocCount > 0)
-    {
-        if (strategy == 0 ||
-            strategy == VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT)
-        {
-            // Find first free suballocation with size not less than allocSize + debugMargin.
-            VmaSuballocationList::iterator* const it = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(
-                m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.data(),
-                m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.data() + freeSuballocCount,
-                allocSize + debugMargin,
-                VmaSuballocationItemSizeLess());
-            size_t index = it - m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.data();
-            for (; index < freeSuballocCount; ++index)
-            {
-                if (CheckAllocation(
-                    allocSize,
-                    allocAlignment,
-                    allocType,
-                    m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[index],
-                    &pAllocationRequest->allocHandle))
-                {
-                    pAllocationRequest->item = m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[index];
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else if (strategy == VMA_ALLOCATION_INTERNAL_STRATEGY_MIN_OFFSET)
-        {
-            for (VmaSuballocationList::iterator it = m_Suballocations.begin();
-                it != m_Suballocations.end();
-                ++it)
-            {
-                if (it->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE && CheckAllocation(
-                    allocSize,
-                    allocAlignment,
-                    allocType,
-                    it,
-                    &pAllocationRequest->allocHandle))
-                {
-                    pAllocationRequest->item = it;
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            VMA_ASSERT(strategy == VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT);
-            // Search staring from biggest suballocations.
-            for (size_t index = freeSuballocCount; index--; )
-            {
-                if (CheckAllocation(
-                    allocSize,
-                    allocAlignment,
-                    allocType,
-                    m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[index],
-                    &pAllocationRequest->allocHandle))
-                {
-                    pAllocationRequest->item = m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[index];
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return false;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData)
-{
-    for (auto& suballoc : m_Suballocations)
-    {
-        if (suballoc.type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
-        {
-            if (!VmaValidateMagicValue(pBlockData, suballoc.offset + suballoc.size))
-            {
-                VMA_ASSERT(0 && "MEMORY CORRUPTION DETECTED AFTER VALIDATED ALLOCATION!");
-                return VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return VK_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::Alloc(
-    const VmaAllocationRequest& request,
-    VmaSuballocationType type,
-    void* userData)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(request.type == VmaAllocationRequestType::Normal);
-    VMA_ASSERT(request.item != m_Suballocations.end());
-    VmaSuballocation& suballoc = *request.item;
-    // Given suballocation is a free block.
-    VMA_ASSERT(suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
-
-    // Given offset is inside this suballocation.
-    VMA_ASSERT((VkDeviceSize)request.allocHandle - 1 >= suballoc.offset);
-    const VkDeviceSize paddingBegin = (VkDeviceSize)request.allocHandle - suballoc.offset - 1;
-    VMA_ASSERT(suballoc.size >= paddingBegin + request.size);
-    const VkDeviceSize paddingEnd = suballoc.size - paddingBegin - request.size;
-
-    // Unregister this free suballocation from m_FreeSuballocationsBySize and update
-    // it to become used.
-    UnregisterFreeSuballocation(request.item);
-
-    suballoc.offset = (VkDeviceSize)request.allocHandle - 1;
-    suballoc.size = request.size;
-    suballoc.type = type;
-    suballoc.userData = userData;
-
-    // If there are any free bytes remaining at the end, insert new free suballocation after current one.
-    if (paddingEnd)
-    {
-        VmaSuballocation paddingSuballoc = {};
-        paddingSuballoc.offset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
-        paddingSuballoc.size = paddingEnd;
-        paddingSuballoc.type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
-        VmaSuballocationList::iterator next = request.item;
-        ++next;
-        const VmaSuballocationList::iterator paddingEndItem =
-            m_Suballocations.insert(next, paddingSuballoc);
-        RegisterFreeSuballocation(paddingEndItem);
-    }
-
-    // If there are any free bytes remaining at the beginning, insert new free suballocation before current one.
-    if (paddingBegin)
-    {
-        VmaSuballocation paddingSuballoc = {};
-        paddingSuballoc.offset = suballoc.offset - paddingBegin;
-        paddingSuballoc.size = paddingBegin;
-        paddingSuballoc.type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
-        const VmaSuballocationList::iterator paddingBeginItem =
-            m_Suballocations.insert(request.item, paddingSuballoc);
-        RegisterFreeSuballocation(paddingBeginItem);
-    }
-
-    // Update totals.
-    m_FreeCount = m_FreeCount - 1;
-    if (paddingBegin > 0)
-    {
-        ++m_FreeCount;
-    }
-    if (paddingEnd > 0)
-    {
-        ++m_FreeCount;
-    }
-    m_SumFreeSize -= request.size;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo)
-{
-    outInfo.offset = (VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1;
-    const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = *FindAtOffset(outInfo.offset);
-    outInfo.size = suballoc.size;
-    outInfo.pUserData = suballoc.userData;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::Clear()
-{
-    const VkDeviceSize size = GetSize();
-
-    VMA_ASSERT(IsVirtual());
-    m_FreeCount = 1;
-    m_SumFreeSize = size;
-    m_Suballocations.clear();
-    m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.clear();
-
-    VmaSuballocation suballoc = {};
-    suballoc.offset = 0;
-    suballoc.size = size;
-    suballoc.type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
-    m_Suballocations.push_back(suballoc);
-
-    m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.push_back(m_Suballocations.begin());
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::SetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, void* userData)
-{
-    VmaSuballocation& suballoc = *FindAtOffset((VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1);
-    suballoc.userData = userData;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::DebugLogAllAllocations() const
-{
-    for (const auto& suballoc : m_Suballocations)
-    {
-        if (suballoc.type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
-            DebugLogAllocation(suballoc.offset, suballoc.size, suballoc.userData);
-    }
-}
-
-VmaSuballocationList::iterator VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::FindAtOffset(VkDeviceSize offset)
-{
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(!m_Suballocations.empty());
-    const VkDeviceSize last = m_Suballocations.rbegin()->offset;
-    if (last == offset)
-        return m_Suballocations.rbegin();
-    const VkDeviceSize first = m_Suballocations.begin()->offset;
-    if (first == offset)
-        return m_Suballocations.begin();
-
-    const size_t suballocCount = m_Suballocations.size();
-    const VkDeviceSize step = (last - first + m_Suballocations.begin()->size) / suballocCount;
-    auto findSuballocation = [&](auto begin, auto end) -> VmaSuballocationList::iterator
-    {
-        for (auto suballocItem = begin;
-            suballocItem != end;
-            ++suballocItem)
-        {
-            VmaSuballocation& suballoc = *suballocItem;
-            if (suballoc.offset == offset)
-                return suballocItem;
-        }
-        VMA_ASSERT(false && "Not found!");
-        return m_Suballocations.end();
-    };
-    // If requested offset is closer to the end of range, search from the end
-    if (offset - first > suballocCount * step / 2)
-    {
-        return findSuballocation(m_Suballocations.rbegin(), m_Suballocations.rend());
-    }
-    return findSuballocation(m_Suballocations.begin(), m_Suballocations.end());
-}
-
-bool VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::ValidateFreeSuballocationList() const
-{
-    VkDeviceSize lastSize = 0;
-    for (size_t i = 0, count = m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.size(); i < count; ++i)
-    {
-        const VmaSuballocationList::iterator it = m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[i];
-
-        VMA_VALIDATE(it->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
-        VMA_VALIDATE(it->size >= lastSize);
-        lastSize = it->size;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::CheckAllocation(
-    VkDeviceSize allocSize,
-    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
-    VmaSuballocationType allocType,
-    VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator suballocItem,
-    VmaAllocHandle* pAllocHandle) const
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocSize > 0);
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocType != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
-    VMA_ASSERT(suballocItem != m_Suballocations.cend());
-    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocHandle != VMA_NULL);
-
-    const VkDeviceSize debugMargin = GetDebugMargin();
-    const VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity = GetBufferImageGranularity();
-
-    const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = *suballocItem;
-    VMA_ASSERT(suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
-
-    // Size of this suballocation is too small for this request: Early return.
-    if (suballoc.size < allocSize)
-    {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // Start from offset equal to beginning of this suballocation.
-    VkDeviceSize offset = suballoc.offset;
-
-    // Apply debugMargin from the end of previous alloc.
-    if (debugMargin > 0)
-    {
-        offset += debugMargin;
-    }
-
-    // Apply alignment.
-    offset = VmaAlignUp(offset, allocAlignment);
-
-    // Check previous suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.
-    // Make bigger alignment if necessary.
-    if (bufferImageGranularity > 1 && bufferImageGranularity != allocAlignment)
-    {
-        bool bufferImageGranularityConflict = false;
-        VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator prevSuballocItem = suballocItem;
-        while (prevSuballocItem != m_Suballocations.cbegin())
-        {
-            --prevSuballocItem;
-            const VmaSuballocation& prevSuballoc = *prevSuballocItem;
-            if (VmaBlocksOnSamePage(prevSuballoc.offset, prevSuballoc.size, offset, bufferImageGranularity))
-            {
-                if (VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(prevSuballoc.type, allocType))
-                {
-                    bufferImageGranularityConflict = true;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            else
-                // Already on previous page.
-                break;
-        }
-        if (bufferImageGranularityConflict)
-        {
-            offset = VmaAlignUp(offset, bufferImageGranularity);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Calculate padding at the beginning based on current offset.
-    const VkDeviceSize paddingBegin = offset - suballoc.offset;
-
-    // Fail if requested size plus margin after is bigger than size of this suballocation.
-    if (paddingBegin + allocSize + debugMargin > suballoc.size)
-    {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // Check next suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.
-    // If conflict exists, allocation cannot be made here.
-    if (allocSize % bufferImageGranularity || offset % bufferImageGranularity)
-    {
-        VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator nextSuballocItem = suballocItem;
-        ++nextSuballocItem;
-        while (nextSuballocItem != m_Suballocations.cend())
-        {
-            const VmaSuballocation& nextSuballoc = *nextSuballocItem;
-            if (VmaBlocksOnSamePage(offset, allocSize, nextSuballoc.offset, bufferImageGranularity))
-            {
-                if (VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(allocType, nextSuballoc.type))
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                // Already on next page.
-                break;
-            }
-            ++nextSuballocItem;
-        }
-    }
-
-    *pAllocHandle = (VmaAllocHandle)(offset + 1);
-    // All tests passed: Success. pAllocHandle is already filled.
-    return true;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::MergeFreeWithNext(VmaSuballocationList::iterator item)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(item != m_Suballocations.end());
-    VMA_ASSERT(item->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
-
-    VmaSuballocationList::iterator nextItem = item;
-    ++nextItem;
-    VMA_ASSERT(nextItem != m_Suballocations.end());
-    VMA_ASSERT(nextItem->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
-
-    item->size += nextItem->size;
-    --m_FreeCount;
-    m_Suballocations.erase(nextItem);
-}
-
-VmaSuballocationList::iterator VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::FreeSuballocation(VmaSuballocationList::iterator suballocItem)
-{
-    // Change this suballocation to be marked as free.
-    VmaSuballocation& suballoc = *suballocItem;
-    suballoc.type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
-    suballoc.userData = VMA_NULL;
-
-    // Update totals.
-    ++m_FreeCount;
-    m_SumFreeSize += suballoc.size;
-
-    // Merge with previous and/or next suballocation if it's also free.
-    bool mergeWithNext = false;
-    bool mergeWithPrev = false;
-
-    VmaSuballocationList::iterator nextItem = suballocItem;
-    ++nextItem;
-    if ((nextItem != m_Suballocations.end()) && (nextItem->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE))
-    {
-        mergeWithNext = true;
-    }
-
-    VmaSuballocationList::iterator prevItem = suballocItem;
-    if (suballocItem != m_Suballocations.begin())
-    {
-        --prevItem;
-        if (prevItem->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
-        {
-            mergeWithPrev = true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (mergeWithNext)
-    {
-        UnregisterFreeSuballocation(nextItem);
-        MergeFreeWithNext(suballocItem);
-    }
-
-    if (mergeWithPrev)
-    {
-        UnregisterFreeSuballocation(prevItem);
-        MergeFreeWithNext(prevItem);
-        RegisterFreeSuballocation(prevItem);
-        return prevItem;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        RegisterFreeSuballocation(suballocItem);
-        return suballocItem;
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::RegisterFreeSuballocation(VmaSuballocationList::iterator item)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(item->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
-    VMA_ASSERT(item->size > 0);
-
-    // You may want to enable this validation at the beginning or at the end of
-    // this function, depending on what do you want to check.
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(ValidateFreeSuballocationList());
-
-    if (m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.empty())
-    {
-        m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.push_back(item);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        VmaVectorInsertSorted<VmaSuballocationItemSizeLess>(m_FreeSuballocationsBySize, item);
-    }
-
-    //VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(ValidateFreeSuballocationList());
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::UnregisterFreeSuballocation(VmaSuballocationList::iterator item)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(item->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
-    VMA_ASSERT(item->size > 0);
-
-    // You may want to enable this validation at the beginning or at the end of
-    // this function, depending on what do you want to check.
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(ValidateFreeSuballocationList());
-
-    VmaSuballocationList::iterator* const it = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(
-        m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.data(),
-        m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.data() + m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.size(),
-        item,
-        VmaSuballocationItemSizeLess());
-    for (size_t index = it - m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.data();
-        index < m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.size();
-        ++index)
-    {
-        if (m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[index] == item)
-        {
-            VmaVectorRemove(m_FreeSuballocationsBySize, index);
-            return;
-        }
-        VMA_ASSERT((m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[index]->size == item->size) && "Not found.");
-    }
-    VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Not found.");
-
-    //VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(ValidateFreeSuballocationList());
-}
-
-bool VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::IsBufferImageGranularityConflictPossible(
-    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,
-    VmaSuballocationType& inOutPrevSuballocType) const
-{
-    if (bufferImageGranularity == 1 || IsEmpty() || IsVirtual())
-    {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    VkDeviceSize minAlignment = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;
-    bool typeConflictFound = false;
-    for (const auto& suballoc : m_Suballocations)
-    {
-        const VmaSuballocationType suballocType = suballoc.type;
-        if (suballocType != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
-        {
-            VmaAllocation const alloc = (VmaAllocation)suballoc.userData;
-            minAlignment = VMA_MIN(minAlignment, alloc->GetAlignment());
-            if (VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(inOutPrevSuballocType, suballocType))
-            {
-                typeConflictFound = true;
-            }
-            inOutPrevSuballocType = suballocType;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return typeConflictFound || minAlignment >= bufferImageGranularity;
-}
-#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_GENERIC_FUNCTIONS
-#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_GENERIC
-
-#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_LINEAR
-/*
-Allocations and their references in internal data structure look like this:
-
-if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY):
-
-        0 +-------+
-          |       |
-          |       |
-          |       |
-          +-------+
-          | Alloc |  1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount]
-          +-------+
-          | Alloc |  1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + 1]
-          +-------+
-          |  ...  |
-          +-------+
-          | Alloc |  1st[1st.size() - 1]
-          +-------+
-          |       |
-          |       |
-          |       |
-GetSize() +-------+
-
-if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER):
-
-        0 +-------+
-          | Alloc |  2nd[0]
-          +-------+
-          | Alloc |  2nd[1]
-          +-------+
-          |  ...  |
-          +-------+
-          | Alloc |  2nd[2nd.size() - 1]
-          +-------+
-          |       |
-          |       |
-          |       |
-          +-------+
-          | Alloc |  1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount]
-          +-------+
-          | Alloc |  1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + 1]
-          +-------+
-          |  ...  |
-          +-------+
-          | Alloc |  1st[1st.size() - 1]
-          +-------+
-          |       |
-GetSize() +-------+
-
-if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK):
-
-        0 +-------+
-          |       |
-          |       |
-          |       |
-          +-------+
-          | Alloc |  1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount]
-          +-------+
-          | Alloc |  1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + 1]
-          +-------+
-          |  ...  |
-          +-------+
-          | Alloc |  1st[1st.size() - 1]
-          +-------+
-          |       |
-          |       |
-          |       |
-          +-------+
-          | Alloc |  2nd[2nd.size() - 1]
-          +-------+
-          |  ...  |
-          +-------+
-          | Alloc |  2nd[1]
-          +-------+
-          | Alloc |  2nd[0]
-GetSize() +-------+
-
-*/
-class VmaBlockMetadata_Linear : public VmaBlockMetadata
-{
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaBlockMetadata_Linear)
-public:
-    VmaBlockMetadata_Linear(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
-        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity, bool isVirtual);
-    virtual ~VmaBlockMetadata_Linear() = default;
-
-    VkDeviceSize GetSumFreeSize() const override { return m_SumFreeSize; }
-    bool IsEmpty() const override { return GetAllocationCount() == 0; }
-    VkDeviceSize GetAllocationOffset(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) const override { return (VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1; };
-
-    void Init(VkDeviceSize size) override;
-    bool Validate() const override;
-    size_t GetAllocationCount() const override;
-
-    void CalcAllocationStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo) const override;
-    void AddPoolStats(VmaPoolStats& inoutStats) const override;
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-    void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const override;
-#endif
-
-    bool CreateAllocationRequest(
-        VkDeviceSize allocSize,
-        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
-        bool upperAddress,
-        VmaSuballocationType allocType,
-        uint32_t strategy,
-        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest) override;
-
-    VkResult CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData) override;
-
-    void Alloc(
-        const VmaAllocationRequest& request,
-        VmaSuballocationType type,
-        void* userData) override;
-
-    void Free(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) override;
-    void GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo) override;
-    void Clear() override;
-    void SetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, void* userData) override;
-    void DebugLogAllAllocations() const override;
-
-private:
-    /*
-    There are two suballocation vectors, used in ping-pong way.
-    The one with index m_1stVectorIndex is called 1st.
-    The one with index (m_1stVectorIndex ^ 1) is called 2nd.
-    2nd can be non-empty only when 1st is not empty.
-    When 2nd is not empty, m_2ndVectorMode indicates its mode of operation.
-    */
-    typedef VmaVector<VmaSuballocation, VmaStlAllocator<VmaSuballocation>> SuballocationVectorType;
-
-    enum SECOND_VECTOR_MODE
-    {
-        SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY,
-        /*
-        Suballocations in 2nd vector are created later than the ones in 1st, but they
-        all have smaller offset.
-        */
-        SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER,
-        /*
-        Suballocations in 2nd vector are upper side of double stack.
-        They all have offsets higher than those in 1st vector.
-        Top of this stack means smaller offsets, but higher indices in this vector.
-        */
-        SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK,
-    };
-
-    VkDeviceSize m_SumFreeSize;
-    SuballocationVectorType m_Suballocations0, m_Suballocations1;
-    uint32_t m_1stVectorIndex;
-    SECOND_VECTOR_MODE m_2ndVectorMode;
-    // Number of items in 1st vector with hAllocation = null at the beginning.
-    size_t m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
-    // Number of other items in 1st vector with hAllocation = null somewhere in the middle.
-    size_t m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;
-    // Number of items in 2nd vector with hAllocation = null.
-    size_t m_2ndNullItemsCount;
-
-    SuballocationVectorType& AccessSuballocations1st() { return m_1stVectorIndex ? m_Suballocations1 : m_Suballocations0; }
-    SuballocationVectorType& AccessSuballocations2nd() { return m_1stVectorIndex ? m_Suballocations0 : m_Suballocations1; }
-    const SuballocationVectorType& AccessSuballocations1st() const { return m_1stVectorIndex ? m_Suballocations1 : m_Suballocations0; }
-    const SuballocationVectorType& AccessSuballocations2nd() const { return m_1stVectorIndex ? m_Suballocations0 : m_Suballocations1; }
-
-    VmaSuballocation& FindSuballocation(VkDeviceSize offset);
-    bool ShouldCompact1st() const;
-    void CleanupAfterFree();
-
-    bool CreateAllocationRequest_LowerAddress(
-        VkDeviceSize allocSize,
-        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
-        VmaSuballocationType allocType,
-        uint32_t strategy,
-        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest);
-    bool CreateAllocationRequest_UpperAddress(
-        VkDeviceSize allocSize,
-        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
-        VmaSuballocationType allocType,
-        uint32_t strategy,
-        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest);
-};
-
-#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_LINEAR_FUNCTIONS
-VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::VmaBlockMetadata_Linear(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
-    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity, bool isVirtual)
-    : VmaBlockMetadata(pAllocationCallbacks, bufferImageGranularity, isVirtual),
-    m_SumFreeSize(0),
-    m_Suballocations0(VmaStlAllocator<VmaSuballocation>(pAllocationCallbacks)),
-    m_Suballocations1(VmaStlAllocator<VmaSuballocation>(pAllocationCallbacks)),
-    m_1stVectorIndex(0),
-    m_2ndVectorMode(SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY),
-    m_1stNullItemsBeginCount(0),
-    m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount(0),
-    m_2ndNullItemsCount(0) {}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::Init(VkDeviceSize size)
-{
-    VmaBlockMetadata::Init(size);
-    m_SumFreeSize = size;
-}
-
-bool VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::Validate() const
-{
-    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
-    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
-
-    VMA_VALIDATE(suballocations2nd.empty() == (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY));
-    VMA_VALIDATE(!suballocations1st.empty() ||
-        suballocations2nd.empty() ||
-        m_2ndVectorMode != SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER);
-
-    if (!suballocations1st.empty())
-    {
-        // Null item at the beginning should be accounted into m_1stNullItemsBeginCount.
-        VMA_VALIDATE(suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
-        // Null item at the end should be just pop_back().
-        VMA_VALIDATE(suballocations1st.back().type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
-    }
-    if (!suballocations2nd.empty())
-    {
-        // Null item at the end should be just pop_back().
-        VMA_VALIDATE(suballocations2nd.back().type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
-    }
-
-    VMA_VALIDATE(m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount <= suballocations1st.size());
-    VMA_VALIDATE(m_2ndNullItemsCount <= suballocations2nd.size());
-
-    VkDeviceSize sumUsedSize = 0;
-    const size_t suballoc1stCount = suballocations1st.size();
-    const VkDeviceSize debugMargin = GetDebugMargin();
-    VkDeviceSize offset = 0;
-
-    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)
-    {
-        const size_t suballoc2ndCount = suballocations2nd.size();
-        size_t nullItem2ndCount = 0;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < suballoc2ndCount; ++i)
-        {
-            const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[i];
-            const bool currFree = (suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
-
-            VmaAllocation const alloc = (VmaAllocation)suballoc.userData;
-            if (!IsVirtual())
-            {
-                VMA_VALIDATE(currFree == (alloc == VK_NULL_HANDLE));
-            }
-            VMA_VALIDATE(suballoc.offset >= offset);
-
-            if (!currFree)
-            {
-                if (!IsVirtual())
-                {
-                    VMA_VALIDATE((VkDeviceSize)alloc->GetAllocHandle() == suballoc.offset + 1);
-                    VMA_VALIDATE(alloc->GetSize() == suballoc.size);
-                }
-                sumUsedSize += suballoc.size;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                ++nullItem2ndCount;
-            }
-
-            offset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size + debugMargin;
-        }
-
-        VMA_VALIDATE(nullItem2ndCount == m_2ndNullItemsCount);
-    }
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_1stNullItemsBeginCount; ++i)
-    {
-        const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[i];
-        VMA_VALIDATE(suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE &&
-            suballoc.userData == VMA_NULL);
-    }
-
-    size_t nullItem1stCount = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
-
-    for (size_t i = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount; i < suballoc1stCount; ++i)
-    {
-        const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[i];
-        const bool currFree = (suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
-
-        VmaAllocation const alloc = (VmaAllocation)suballoc.userData;
-        if (!IsVirtual())
-        {
-            VMA_VALIDATE(currFree == (alloc == VK_NULL_HANDLE));
-        }
-        VMA_VALIDATE(suballoc.offset >= offset);
-        VMA_VALIDATE(i >= m_1stNullItemsBeginCount || currFree);
-
-        if (!currFree)
-        {
-            if (!IsVirtual())
-            {
-                VMA_VALIDATE((VkDeviceSize)alloc->GetAllocHandle() == suballoc.offset + 1);
-                VMA_VALIDATE(alloc->GetSize() == suballoc.size);
-            }
-            sumUsedSize += suballoc.size;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            ++nullItem1stCount;
-        }
-
-        offset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size + debugMargin;
-    }
-    VMA_VALIDATE(nullItem1stCount == m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount);
-
-    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)
-    {
-        const size_t suballoc2ndCount = suballocations2nd.size();
-        size_t nullItem2ndCount = 0;
-        for (size_t i = suballoc2ndCount; i--; )
-        {
-            const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[i];
-            const bool currFree = (suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
-
-            VmaAllocation const alloc = (VmaAllocation)suballoc.userData;
-            if (!IsVirtual())
-            {
-                VMA_VALIDATE(currFree == (alloc == VK_NULL_HANDLE));
-            }
-            VMA_VALIDATE(suballoc.offset >= offset);
-
-            if (!currFree)
-            {
-                if (!IsVirtual())
-                {
-                    VMA_VALIDATE((VkDeviceSize)alloc->GetAllocHandle() == suballoc.offset + 1);
-                    VMA_VALIDATE(alloc->GetSize() == suballoc.size);
-                }
-                sumUsedSize += suballoc.size;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                ++nullItem2ndCount;
-            }
-
-            offset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size + debugMargin;
-        }
-
-        VMA_VALIDATE(nullItem2ndCount == m_2ndNullItemsCount);
-    }
-
-    VMA_VALIDATE(offset <= GetSize());
-    VMA_VALIDATE(m_SumFreeSize == GetSize() - sumUsedSize);
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-size_t VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::GetAllocationCount() const
-{
-    return AccessSuballocations1st().size() - m_1stNullItemsBeginCount - m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount +
-        AccessSuballocations2nd().size() - m_2ndNullItemsCount;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::CalcAllocationStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo) const
-{
-    const VkDeviceSize size = GetSize();
-    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
-    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
-    const size_t suballoc1stCount = suballocations1st.size();
-    const size_t suballoc2ndCount = suballocations2nd.size();
-
-    VmaInitStatInfo(outInfo);
-    outInfo.blockCount = 1;
-
-    VkDeviceSize lastOffset = 0;
-
-    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)
-    {
-        const VkDeviceSize freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd = suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].offset;
-        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = 0;
-        while (lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)
-        {
-            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAllocIndex to the end.
-            while (nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount &&
-                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
-            {
-                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;
-            }
-
-            // Found non-null allocation.
-            if (nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount)
-            {
-                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];
-
-                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
-                if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
-                {
-                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
-                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;
-                    VmaAddStatInfoUnusedRange(outInfo, unusedRangeSize);
-                }
-
-                // 2. Process this allocation.
-                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
-                VmaAddStatInfoAllocation(outInfo, suballoc.size);
-
-                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
-                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
-                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;
-            }
-            // We are at the end.
-            else
-            {
-                // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd.
-                if (lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)
-                {
-                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd - lastOffset;
-                    VmaAddStatInfoUnusedRange(outInfo, unusedRangeSize);
-                }
-
-                // End of loop.
-                lastOffset = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    size_t nextAlloc1stIndex = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
-    const VkDeviceSize freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd =
-        m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK ? suballocations2nd.back().offset : size;
-    while (lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)
-    {
-        // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAllocIndex to the end.
-        while (nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount &&
-            suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;
-        }
-
-        // Found non-null allocation.
-        if (nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount)
-        {
-            const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex];
-
-            // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
-            if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
-            {
-                // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
-                const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;
-                VmaAddStatInfoUnusedRange(outInfo, unusedRangeSize);
-            }
-
-            // 2. Process this allocation.
-            // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
-            VmaAddStatInfoAllocation(outInfo, suballoc.size);
-
-            // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
-            lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
-            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;
-        }
-        // We are at the end.
-        else
-        {
-            // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd.
-            if (lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)
-            {
-                const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd - lastOffset;
-                VmaAddStatInfoUnusedRange(outInfo, unusedRangeSize);
-            }
-
-            // End of loop.
-            lastOffset = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)
-    {
-        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = suballocations2nd.size() - 1;
-        while (lastOffset < size)
-        {
-            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAllocIndex to the end.
-            while (nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX &&
-                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
-            {
-                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;
-            }
-
-            // Found non-null allocation.
-            if (nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX)
-            {
-                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];
-
-                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
-                if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
-                {
-                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
-                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;
-                    VmaAddStatInfoUnusedRange(outInfo, unusedRangeSize);
-                }
-
-                // 2. Process this allocation.
-                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
-                VmaAddStatInfoAllocation(outInfo, suballoc.size);
-
-                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
-                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
-                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;
-            }
-            // We are at the end.
-            else
-            {
-                // There is free space from lastOffset to size.
-                if (lastOffset < size)
-                {
-                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = size - lastOffset;
-                    VmaAddStatInfoUnusedRange(outInfo, unusedRangeSize);
-                }
-
-                // End of loop.
-                lastOffset = size;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    outInfo.unusedBytes = size - outInfo.usedBytes;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::AddPoolStats(VmaPoolStats& inoutStats) const
-{
-    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
-    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
-    const VkDeviceSize size = GetSize();
-    const size_t suballoc1stCount = suballocations1st.size();
-    const size_t suballoc2ndCount = suballocations2nd.size();
-
-    inoutStats.size += size;
-
-    VkDeviceSize lastOffset = 0;
-
-    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)
-    {
-        const VkDeviceSize freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd = suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].offset;
-        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
-        while (lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)
-        {
-            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAlloc2ndIndex to the end.
-            while (nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount &&
-                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
-            {
-                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;
-            }
-
-            // Found non-null allocation.
-            if (nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount)
-            {
-                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];
-
-                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
-                if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
-                {
-                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
-                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;
-                    inoutStats.unusedSize += unusedRangeSize;
-                    ++inoutStats.unusedRangeCount;
-                }
-
-                // 2. Process this allocation.
-                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
-                ++inoutStats.allocationCount;
-
-                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
-                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
-                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;
-            }
-            // We are at the end.
-            else
-            {
-                if (lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)
-                {
-                    // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd.
-                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd - lastOffset;
-                    inoutStats.unusedSize += unusedRangeSize;
-                    ++inoutStats.unusedRangeCount;
-                }
-
-                // End of loop.
-                lastOffset = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    size_t nextAlloc1stIndex = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
-    const VkDeviceSize freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd =
-        m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK ? suballocations2nd.back().offset : size;
-    while (lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)
-    {
-        // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAllocIndex to the end.
-        while (nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount &&
-            suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;
-        }
-
-        // Found non-null allocation.
-        if (nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount)
-        {
-            const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex];
-
-            // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
-            if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
-            {
-                // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
-                const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;
-                inoutStats.unusedSize += unusedRangeSize;
-                ++inoutStats.unusedRangeCount;
-            }
-
-            // 2. Process this allocation.
-            // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
-            ++inoutStats.allocationCount;
-
-            // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
-            lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
-            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;
-        }
-        // We are at the end.
-        else
-        {
-            if (lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)
-            {
-                // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd.
-                const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd - lastOffset;
-                inoutStats.unusedSize += unusedRangeSize;
-                ++inoutStats.unusedRangeCount;
-            }
-
-            // End of loop.
-            lastOffset = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)
-    {
-        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = suballocations2nd.size() - 1;
-        while (lastOffset < size)
-        {
-            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAlloc2ndIndex to the end.
-            while (nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX &&
-                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
-            {
-                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;
-            }
-
-            // Found non-null allocation.
-            if (nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX)
-            {
-                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];
-
-                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
-                if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
-                {
-                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
-                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;
-                    inoutStats.unusedSize += unusedRangeSize;
-                    ++inoutStats.unusedRangeCount;
-                }
-
-                // 2. Process this allocation.
-                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
-                ++inoutStats.allocationCount;
-
-                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
-                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
-                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;
-            }
-            // We are at the end.
-            else
-            {
-                if (lastOffset < size)
-                {
-                    // There is free space from lastOffset to size.
-                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = size - lastOffset;
-                    inoutStats.unusedSize += unusedRangeSize;
-                    ++inoutStats.unusedRangeCount;
-                }
-
-                // End of loop.
-                lastOffset = size;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const
-{
-    const VkDeviceSize size = GetSize();
-    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
-    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
-    const size_t suballoc1stCount = suballocations1st.size();
-    const size_t suballoc2ndCount = suballocations2nd.size();
-
-    // FIRST PASS
-
-    size_t unusedRangeCount = 0;
-    VkDeviceSize usedBytes = 0;
-
-    VkDeviceSize lastOffset = 0;
-
-    size_t alloc2ndCount = 0;
-    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)
-    {
-        const VkDeviceSize freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd = suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].offset;
-        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = 0;
-        while (lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)
-        {
-            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAlloc2ndIndex to the end.
-            while (nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount &&
-                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
-            {
-                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;
-            }
-
-            // Found non-null allocation.
-            if (nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount)
-            {
-                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];
-
-                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
-                if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
-                {
-                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
-                    ++unusedRangeCount;
-                }
-
-                // 2. Process this allocation.
-                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
-                ++alloc2ndCount;
-                usedBytes += suballoc.size;
-
-                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
-                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
-                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;
-            }
-            // We are at the end.
-            else
-            {
-                if (lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)
-                {
-                    // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd.
-                    ++unusedRangeCount;
-                }
-
-                // End of loop.
-                lastOffset = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    size_t nextAlloc1stIndex = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
-    size_t alloc1stCount = 0;
-    const VkDeviceSize freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd =
-        m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK ? suballocations2nd.back().offset : size;
-    while (lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)
-    {
-        // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAllocIndex to the end.
-        while (nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount &&
-            suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;
-        }
-
-        // Found non-null allocation.
-        if (nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount)
-        {
-            const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex];
-
-            // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
-            if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
-            {
-                // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
-                ++unusedRangeCount;
-            }
-
-            // 2. Process this allocation.
-            // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
-            ++alloc1stCount;
-            usedBytes += suballoc.size;
-
-            // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
-            lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
-            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;
-        }
-        // We are at the end.
-        else
-        {
-            if (lastOffset < size)
-            {
-                // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd.
-                ++unusedRangeCount;
-            }
-
-            // End of loop.
-            lastOffset = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)
-    {
-        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = suballocations2nd.size() - 1;
-        while (lastOffset < size)
-        {
-            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAlloc2ndIndex to the end.
-            while (nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX &&
-                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
-            {
-                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;
-            }
-
-            // Found non-null allocation.
-            if (nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX)
-            {
-                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];
-
-                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
-                if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
-                {
-                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
-                    ++unusedRangeCount;
-                }
-
-                // 2. Process this allocation.
-                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
-                ++alloc2ndCount;
-                usedBytes += suballoc.size;
-
-                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
-                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
-                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;
-            }
-            // We are at the end.
-            else
-            {
-                if (lastOffset < size)
-                {
-                    // There is free space from lastOffset to size.
-                    ++unusedRangeCount;
-                }
-
-                // End of loop.
-                lastOffset = size;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    const VkDeviceSize unusedBytes = size - usedBytes;
-    PrintDetailedMap_Begin(json, unusedBytes, alloc1stCount + alloc2ndCount, unusedRangeCount);
-
-    // SECOND PASS
-    lastOffset = 0;
-
-    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)
-    {
-        const VkDeviceSize freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd = suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].offset;
-        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = 0;
-        while (lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)
-        {
-            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAlloc2ndIndex to the end.
-            while (nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount &&
-                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
-            {
-                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;
-            }
-
-            // Found non-null allocation.
-            if (nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount)
-            {
-                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];
-
-                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
-                if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
-                {
-                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
-                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;
-                    PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, lastOffset, unusedRangeSize);
-                }
-
-                // 2. Process this allocation.
-                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
-                PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(json, suballoc.offset, suballoc.size, suballoc.userData);
-
-                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
-                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
-                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;
-            }
-            // We are at the end.
-            else
-            {
-                if (lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)
-                {
-                    // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd.
-                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd - lastOffset;
-                    PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, lastOffset, unusedRangeSize);
-                }
-
-                // End of loop.
-                lastOffset = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    nextAlloc1stIndex = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
-    while (lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)
-    {
-        // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAllocIndex to the end.
-        while (nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount &&
-            suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;
-        }
-
-        // Found non-null allocation.
-        if (nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount)
-        {
-            const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex];
-
-            // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
-            if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
-            {
-                // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
-                const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;
-                PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, lastOffset, unusedRangeSize);
-            }
-
-            // 2. Process this allocation.
-            // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
-            PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(json, suballoc.offset, suballoc.size, suballoc.userData);
-
-            // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
-            lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
-            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;
-        }
-        // We are at the end.
-        else
-        {
-            if (lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)
-            {
-                // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd.
-                const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd - lastOffset;
-                PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, lastOffset, unusedRangeSize);
-            }
-
-            // End of loop.
-            lastOffset = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)
-    {
-        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = suballocations2nd.size() - 1;
-        while (lastOffset < size)
-        {
-            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAlloc2ndIndex to the end.
-            while (nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX &&
-                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
-            {
-                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;
-            }
-
-            // Found non-null allocation.
-            if (nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX)
-            {
-                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];
-
-                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
-                if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
-                {
-                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
-                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;
-                    PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, lastOffset, unusedRangeSize);
-                }
-
-                // 2. Process this allocation.
-                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
-                PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(json, suballoc.offset, suballoc.size, suballoc.userData);
-
-                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
-                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
-                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;
-            }
-            // We are at the end.
-            else
-            {
-                if (lastOffset < size)
-                {
-                    // There is free space from lastOffset to size.
-                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = size - lastOffset;
-                    PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, lastOffset, unusedRangeSize);
-                }
-
-                // End of loop.
-                lastOffset = size;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    PrintDetailedMap_End(json);
-}
-#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-
-bool VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::CreateAllocationRequest(
-    VkDeviceSize allocSize,
-    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
-    bool upperAddress,
-    VmaSuballocationType allocType,
-    uint32_t strategy,
-    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocSize > 0);
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocType != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
-    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationRequest != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(Validate());
-    pAllocationRequest->size = allocSize;
-    return upperAddress ?
-        CreateAllocationRequest_UpperAddress(
-            allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, strategy, pAllocationRequest) :
-        CreateAllocationRequest_LowerAddress(
-            allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, strategy, pAllocationRequest);
-}
-
-VkResult VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(!IsVirtual());
-    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
-    for (size_t i = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount, count = suballocations1st.size(); i < count; ++i)
-    {
-        const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[i];
-        if (suballoc.type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
-        {
-            if (!VmaValidateMagicValue(pBlockData, suballoc.offset + suballoc.size))
-            {
-                VMA_ASSERT(0 && "MEMORY CORRUPTION DETECTED AFTER VALIDATED ALLOCATION!");
-                return VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
-    for (size_t i = 0, count = suballocations2nd.size(); i < count; ++i)
-    {
-        const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[i];
-        if (suballoc.type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
-        {
-            if (!VmaValidateMagicValue(pBlockData, suballoc.offset + suballoc.size))
-            {
-                VMA_ASSERT(0 && "MEMORY CORRUPTION DETECTED AFTER VALIDATED ALLOCATION!");
-                return VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return VK_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::Alloc(
-    const VmaAllocationRequest& request,
-    VmaSuballocationType type,
-    void* userData)
-{
-    const VkDeviceSize offset = (VkDeviceSize)request.allocHandle - 1;
-    const VmaSuballocation newSuballoc = { offset, request.size, userData, type };
-
-    switch (request.type)
-    {
-    case VmaAllocationRequestType::UpperAddress:
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(m_2ndVectorMode != SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER &&
-            "CRITICAL ERROR: Trying to use linear allocator as double stack while it was already used as ring buffer.");
-        SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
-        suballocations2nd.push_back(newSuballoc);
-        m_2ndVectorMode = SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK;
-    }
-    break;
-    case VmaAllocationRequestType::EndOf1st:
-    {
-        SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
-
-        VMA_ASSERT(suballocations1st.empty() ||
-            offset >= suballocations1st.back().offset + suballocations1st.back().size);
-        // Check if it fits before the end of the block.
-        VMA_ASSERT(offset + request.size <= GetSize());
-
-        suballocations1st.push_back(newSuballoc);
-    }
-    break;
-    case VmaAllocationRequestType::EndOf2nd:
-    {
-        SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
-        // New allocation at the end of 2-part ring buffer, so before first allocation from 1st vector.
-        VMA_ASSERT(!suballocations1st.empty() &&
-            offset + request.size <= suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].offset);
-        SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
-
-        switch (m_2ndVectorMode)
-        {
-        case SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY:
-            // First allocation from second part ring buffer.
-            VMA_ASSERT(suballocations2nd.empty());
-            m_2ndVectorMode = SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER;
-            break;
-        case SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER:
-            // 2-part ring buffer is already started.
-            VMA_ASSERT(!suballocations2nd.empty());
-            break;
-        case SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK:
-            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "CRITICAL ERROR: Trying to use linear allocator as ring buffer while it was already used as double stack.");
-            break;
-        default:
-            VMA_ASSERT(0);
-        }
-
-        suballocations2nd.push_back(newSuballoc);
-    }
-    break;
-    default:
-        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "CRITICAL INTERNAL ERROR.");
-    }
-
-    m_SumFreeSize -= newSuballoc.size;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::Free(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle)
-{
-    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
-    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
-    VkDeviceSize offset = (VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1;
-
-    if (!suballocations1st.empty())
-    {
-        // First allocation: Mark it as next empty at the beginning.
-        VmaSuballocation& firstSuballoc = suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount];
-        if (firstSuballoc.offset == offset)
-        {
-            firstSuballoc.type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
-            firstSuballoc.userData = VMA_NULL;
-            m_SumFreeSize += firstSuballoc.size;
-            ++m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
-            CleanupAfterFree();
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Last allocation in 2-part ring buffer or top of upper stack (same logic).
-    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER ||
-        m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)
-    {
-        VmaSuballocation& lastSuballoc = suballocations2nd.back();
-        if (lastSuballoc.offset == offset)
-        {
-            m_SumFreeSize += lastSuballoc.size;
-            suballocations2nd.pop_back();
-            CleanupAfterFree();
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-    // Last allocation in 1st vector.
-    else if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY)
-    {
-        VmaSuballocation& lastSuballoc = suballocations1st.back();
-        if (lastSuballoc.offset == offset)
-        {
-            m_SumFreeSize += lastSuballoc.size;
-            suballocations1st.pop_back();
-            CleanupAfterFree();
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    VmaSuballocation refSuballoc;
-    refSuballoc.offset = offset;
-    // Rest of members stays uninitialized intentionally for better performance.
-
-    // Item from the middle of 1st vector.
-    {
-        const SuballocationVectorType::iterator it = VmaBinaryFindSorted(
-            suballocations1st.begin() + m_1stNullItemsBeginCount,
-            suballocations1st.end(),
-            refSuballoc,
-            VmaSuballocationOffsetLess());
-        if (it != suballocations1st.end())
-        {
-            it->type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
-            it->userData = VMA_NULL;
-            ++m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;
-            m_SumFreeSize += it->size;
-            CleanupAfterFree();
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (m_2ndVectorMode != SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY)
-    {
-        // Item from the middle of 2nd vector.
-        const SuballocationVectorType::iterator it = m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER ?
-            VmaBinaryFindSorted(suballocations2nd.begin(), suballocations2nd.end(), refSuballoc, VmaSuballocationOffsetLess()) :
-            VmaBinaryFindSorted(suballocations2nd.begin(), suballocations2nd.end(), refSuballoc, VmaSuballocationOffsetGreater());
-        if (it != suballocations2nd.end())
-        {
-            it->type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
-            it->userData = VMA_NULL;
-            ++m_2ndNullItemsCount;
-            m_SumFreeSize += it->size;
-            CleanupAfterFree();
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Allocation to free not found in linear allocator!");
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo)
-{
-    outInfo.offset = (VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1;
-    VmaSuballocation& suballoc = FindSuballocation(outInfo.offset);
-    outInfo.size = suballoc.size;
-    outInfo.pUserData = suballoc.userData;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::Clear()
-{
-    m_SumFreeSize = GetSize();
-    m_Suballocations0.clear();
-    m_Suballocations1.clear();
-    // Leaving m_1stVectorIndex unchanged - it doesn't matter.
-    m_2ndVectorMode = SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY;
-    m_1stNullItemsBeginCount = 0;
-    m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount = 0;
-    m_2ndNullItemsCount = 0;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::SetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, void* userData)
-{
-    VmaSuballocation& suballoc = FindSuballocation((VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1);
-    suballoc.userData = userData;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::DebugLogAllAllocations() const
-{
-    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
-    for (auto it = suballocations1st.begin() + m_1stNullItemsBeginCount; it != suballocations1st.end(); ++it)
-        if (it->type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
-            DebugLogAllocation(it->offset, it->size, it->userData);
-
-    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
-    for (auto it = suballocations2nd.begin(); it != suballocations2nd.end(); ++it)
-        if (it->type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
-            DebugLogAllocation(it->offset, it->size, it->userData);
-}
-
-VmaSuballocation& VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::FindSuballocation(VkDeviceSize offset)
-{
-    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
-    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
-
-    VmaSuballocation refSuballoc;
-    refSuballoc.offset = offset;
-    // Rest of members stays uninitialized intentionally for better performance.
-
-    // Item from the 1st vector.
-    {
-        const SuballocationVectorType::iterator it = VmaBinaryFindSorted(
-            suballocations1st.begin() + m_1stNullItemsBeginCount,
-            suballocations1st.end(),
-            refSuballoc,
-            VmaSuballocationOffsetLess());
-        if (it != suballocations1st.end())
-        {
-            return *it;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (m_2ndVectorMode != SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY)
-    {
-        // Rest of members stays uninitialized intentionally for better performance.
-        const SuballocationVectorType::iterator it = m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER ?
-            VmaBinaryFindSorted(suballocations2nd.begin(), suballocations2nd.end(), refSuballoc, VmaSuballocationOffsetLess()) :
-            VmaBinaryFindSorted(suballocations2nd.begin(), suballocations2nd.end(), refSuballoc, VmaSuballocationOffsetGreater());
-        if (it != suballocations2nd.end())
-        {
-            return *it;
-        }
-    }
-
-    VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Allocation not found in linear allocator!");
-    return suballocations1st.back(); // Should never occur.
-}
-
-bool VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::ShouldCompact1st() const
-{
-    const size_t nullItemCount = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;
-    const size_t suballocCount = AccessSuballocations1st().size();
-    return suballocCount > 32 && nullItemCount * 2 >= (suballocCount - nullItemCount) * 3;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::CleanupAfterFree()
-{
-    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
-    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
-
-    if (IsEmpty())
-    {
-        suballocations1st.clear();
-        suballocations2nd.clear();
-        m_1stNullItemsBeginCount = 0;
-        m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount = 0;
-        m_2ndNullItemsCount = 0;
-        m_2ndVectorMode = SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        const size_t suballoc1stCount = suballocations1st.size();
-        const size_t nullItem1stCount = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;
-        VMA_ASSERT(nullItem1stCount <= suballoc1stCount);
-
-        // Find more null items at the beginning of 1st vector.
-        while (m_1stNullItemsBeginCount < suballoc1stCount &&
-            suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
-        {
-            ++m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
-            --m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;
-        }
-
-        // Find more null items at the end of 1st vector.
-        while (m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount > 0 &&
-            suballocations1st.back().type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
-        {
-            --m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;
-            suballocations1st.pop_back();
-        }
-
-        // Find more null items at the end of 2nd vector.
-        while (m_2ndNullItemsCount > 0 &&
-            suballocations2nd.back().type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
-        {
-            --m_2ndNullItemsCount;
-            suballocations2nd.pop_back();
-        }
-
-        // Find more null items at the beginning of 2nd vector.
-        while (m_2ndNullItemsCount > 0 &&
-            suballocations2nd[0].type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
-        {
-            --m_2ndNullItemsCount;
-            VmaVectorRemove(suballocations2nd, 0);
-        }
-
-        if (ShouldCompact1st())
-        {
-            const size_t nonNullItemCount = suballoc1stCount - nullItem1stCount;
-            size_t srcIndex = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
-            for (size_t dstIndex = 0; dstIndex < nonNullItemCount; ++dstIndex)
-            {
-                while (suballocations1st[srcIndex].type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
-                {
-                    ++srcIndex;
-                }
-                if (dstIndex != srcIndex)
-                {
-                    suballocations1st[dstIndex] = suballocations1st[srcIndex];
-                }
-                ++srcIndex;
-            }
-            suballocations1st.resize(nonNullItemCount);
-            m_1stNullItemsBeginCount = 0;
-            m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount = 0;
-        }
-
-        // 2nd vector became empty.
-        if (suballocations2nd.empty())
-        {
-            m_2ndVectorMode = SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY;
-        }
-
-        // 1st vector became empty.
-        if (suballocations1st.size() - m_1stNullItemsBeginCount == 0)
-        {
-            suballocations1st.clear();
-            m_1stNullItemsBeginCount = 0;
-
-            if (!suballocations2nd.empty() && m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)
-            {
-                // Swap 1st with 2nd. Now 2nd is empty.
-                m_2ndVectorMode = SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY;
-                m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount = m_2ndNullItemsCount;
-                while (m_1stNullItemsBeginCount < suballocations2nd.size() &&
-                    suballocations2nd[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
-                {
-                    ++m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
-                    --m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;
-                }
-                m_2ndNullItemsCount = 0;
-                m_1stVectorIndex ^= 1;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(Validate());
-}
-
-bool VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::CreateAllocationRequest_LowerAddress(
-    VkDeviceSize allocSize,
-    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
-    VmaSuballocationType allocType,
-    uint32_t strategy,
-    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)
-{
-    const VkDeviceSize blockSize = GetSize();
-    const VkDeviceSize debugMargin = GetDebugMargin();
-    const VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity = GetBufferImageGranularity();
-    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
-    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
-
-    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY || m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)
-    {
-        // Try to allocate at the end of 1st vector.
-
-        VkDeviceSize resultBaseOffset = 0;
-        if (!suballocations1st.empty())
-        {
-            const VmaSuballocation& lastSuballoc = suballocations1st.back();
-            resultBaseOffset = lastSuballoc.offset + lastSuballoc.size + debugMargin;
-        }
-
-        // Start from offset equal to beginning of free space.
-        VkDeviceSize resultOffset = resultBaseOffset;
-
-        // Apply alignment.
-        resultOffset = VmaAlignUp(resultOffset, allocAlignment);
-
-        // Check previous suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.
-        // Make bigger alignment if necessary.
-        if (bufferImageGranularity > 1 && bufferImageGranularity != allocAlignment && !suballocations1st.empty())
-        {
-            bool bufferImageGranularityConflict = false;
-            for (size_t prevSuballocIndex = suballocations1st.size(); prevSuballocIndex--; )
-            {
-                const VmaSuballocation& prevSuballoc = suballocations1st[prevSuballocIndex];
-                if (VmaBlocksOnSamePage(prevSuballoc.offset, prevSuballoc.size, resultOffset, bufferImageGranularity))
-                {
-                    if (VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(prevSuballoc.type, allocType))
-                    {
-                        bufferImageGranularityConflict = true;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                    // Already on previous page.
-                    break;
-            }
-            if (bufferImageGranularityConflict)
-            {
-                resultOffset = VmaAlignUp(resultOffset, bufferImageGranularity);
-            }
-        }
-
-        const VkDeviceSize freeSpaceEnd = m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK ?
-            suballocations2nd.back().offset : blockSize;
-
-        // There is enough free space at the end after alignment.
-        if (resultOffset + allocSize + debugMargin <= freeSpaceEnd)
-        {
-            // Check next suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.
-            // If conflict exists, allocation cannot be made here.
-            if ((allocSize % bufferImageGranularity || resultOffset % bufferImageGranularity) && m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)
-            {
-                for (size_t nextSuballocIndex = suballocations2nd.size(); nextSuballocIndex--; )
-                {
-                    const VmaSuballocation& nextSuballoc = suballocations2nd[nextSuballocIndex];
-                    if (VmaBlocksOnSamePage(resultOffset, allocSize, nextSuballoc.offset, bufferImageGranularity))
-                    {
-                        if (VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(allocType, nextSuballoc.type))
-                        {
-                            return false;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        // Already on previous page.
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            // All tests passed: Success.
-            pAllocationRequest->allocHandle = (VmaAllocHandle)(resultOffset + 1);
-            // pAllocationRequest->item, customData unused.
-            pAllocationRequest->type = VmaAllocationRequestType::EndOf1st;
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Wrap-around to end of 2nd vector. Try to allocate there, watching for the
-    // beginning of 1st vector as the end of free space.
-    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY || m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(!suballocations1st.empty());
-
-        VkDeviceSize resultBaseOffset = 0;
-        if (!suballocations2nd.empty())
-        {
-            const VmaSuballocation& lastSuballoc = suballocations2nd.back();
-            resultBaseOffset = lastSuballoc.offset + lastSuballoc.size + debugMargin;
-        }
-
-        // Start from offset equal to beginning of free space.
-        VkDeviceSize resultOffset = resultBaseOffset;
-
-        // Apply alignment.
-        resultOffset = VmaAlignUp(resultOffset, allocAlignment);
-
-        // Check previous suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.
-        // Make bigger alignment if necessary.
-        if (bufferImageGranularity > 1 && bufferImageGranularity != allocAlignment && !suballocations2nd.empty())
-        {
-            bool bufferImageGranularityConflict = false;
-            for (size_t prevSuballocIndex = suballocations2nd.size(); prevSuballocIndex--; )
-            {
-                const VmaSuballocation& prevSuballoc = suballocations2nd[prevSuballocIndex];
-                if (VmaBlocksOnSamePage(prevSuballoc.offset, prevSuballoc.size, resultOffset, bufferImageGranularity))
-                {
-                    if (VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(prevSuballoc.type, allocType))
-                    {
-                        bufferImageGranularityConflict = true;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                    // Already on previous page.
-                    break;
-            }
-            if (bufferImageGranularityConflict)
-            {
-                resultOffset = VmaAlignUp(resultOffset, bufferImageGranularity);
-            }
-        }
-
-        size_t index1st = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
-
-        // There is enough free space at the end after alignment.
-        if ((index1st == suballocations1st.size() && resultOffset + allocSize + debugMargin <= blockSize) ||
-            (index1st < suballocations1st.size() && resultOffset + allocSize + debugMargin <= suballocations1st[index1st].offset))
-        {
-            // Check next suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.
-            // If conflict exists, allocation cannot be made here.
-            if (allocSize % bufferImageGranularity || resultOffset % bufferImageGranularity)
-            {
-                for (size_t nextSuballocIndex = index1st;
-                    nextSuballocIndex < suballocations1st.size();
-                    nextSuballocIndex++)
-                {
-                    const VmaSuballocation& nextSuballoc = suballocations1st[nextSuballocIndex];
-                    if (VmaBlocksOnSamePage(resultOffset, allocSize, nextSuballoc.offset, bufferImageGranularity))
-                    {
-                        if (VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(allocType, nextSuballoc.type))
-                        {
-                            return false;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        // Already on next page.
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            // All tests passed: Success.
-            pAllocationRequest->allocHandle = (VmaAllocHandle)(resultOffset + 1);
-            pAllocationRequest->type = VmaAllocationRequestType::EndOf2nd;
-            // pAllocationRequest->item, customData unused.
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return false;
-}
-
-bool VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::CreateAllocationRequest_UpperAddress(
-    VkDeviceSize allocSize,
-    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
-    VmaSuballocationType allocType,
-    uint32_t strategy,
-    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)
-{
-    const VkDeviceSize blockSize = GetSize();
-    const VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity = GetBufferImageGranularity();
-    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
-    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
-
-    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Trying to use pool with linear algorithm as double stack, while it is already being used as ring buffer.");
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // Try to allocate before 2nd.back(), or end of block if 2nd.empty().
-    if (allocSize > blockSize)
-    {
-        return false;
-    }
-    VkDeviceSize resultBaseOffset = blockSize - allocSize;
-    if (!suballocations2nd.empty())
-    {
-        const VmaSuballocation& lastSuballoc = suballocations2nd.back();
-        resultBaseOffset = lastSuballoc.offset - allocSize;
-        if (allocSize > lastSuballoc.offset)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Start from offset equal to end of free space.
-    VkDeviceSize resultOffset = resultBaseOffset;
-
-    const VkDeviceSize debugMargin = GetDebugMargin();
-
-    // Apply debugMargin at the end.
-    if (debugMargin > 0)
-    {
-        if (resultOffset < debugMargin)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-        resultOffset -= debugMargin;
-    }
-
-    // Apply alignment.
-    resultOffset = VmaAlignDown(resultOffset, allocAlignment);
-
-    // Check next suballocations from 2nd for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.
-    // Make bigger alignment if necessary.
-    if (bufferImageGranularity > 1 && bufferImageGranularity != allocAlignment && !suballocations2nd.empty())
-    {
-        bool bufferImageGranularityConflict = false;
-        for (size_t nextSuballocIndex = suballocations2nd.size(); nextSuballocIndex--; )
-        {
-            const VmaSuballocation& nextSuballoc = suballocations2nd[nextSuballocIndex];
-            if (VmaBlocksOnSamePage(resultOffset, allocSize, nextSuballoc.offset, bufferImageGranularity))
-            {
-                if (VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(nextSuballoc.type, allocType))
-                {
-                    bufferImageGranularityConflict = true;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            else
-                // Already on previous page.
-                break;
-        }
-        if (bufferImageGranularityConflict)
-        {
-            resultOffset = VmaAlignDown(resultOffset, bufferImageGranularity);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // There is enough free space.
-    const VkDeviceSize endOf1st = !suballocations1st.empty() ?
-        suballocations1st.back().offset + suballocations1st.back().size :
-        0;
-    if (endOf1st + debugMargin <= resultOffset)
-    {
-        // Check previous suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.
-        // If conflict exists, allocation cannot be made here.
-        if (bufferImageGranularity > 1)
-        {
-            for (size_t prevSuballocIndex = suballocations1st.size(); prevSuballocIndex--; )
-            {
-                const VmaSuballocation& prevSuballoc = suballocations1st[prevSuballocIndex];
-                if (VmaBlocksOnSamePage(prevSuballoc.offset, prevSuballoc.size, resultOffset, bufferImageGranularity))
-                {
-                    if (VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(allocType, prevSuballoc.type))
-                    {
-                        return false;
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    // Already on next page.
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // All tests passed: Success.
-        pAllocationRequest->allocHandle = (VmaAllocHandle)(resultOffset + 1);
-        // pAllocationRequest->item unused.
-        pAllocationRequest->type = VmaAllocationRequestType::UpperAddress;
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    return false;
-}
-#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_LINEAR_FUNCTIONS
-#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_LINEAR
-
-#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_BUDDY
-/*
-- GetSize() is the original size of allocated memory block.
-- m_UsableSize is this size aligned down to a power of two.
-  All allocations and calculations happen relative to m_UsableSize.
-- GetUnusableSize() is the difference between them.
-  It is reported as separate, unused range, not available for allocations.
-
-Node at level 0 has size = m_UsableSize.
-Each next level contains nodes with size 2 times smaller than current level.
-m_LevelCount is the maximum number of levels to use in the current object.
-*/
-class VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy : public VmaBlockMetadata
-{
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy)
-public:
-    VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
-        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity, bool isVirtual);
-    virtual ~VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy();
-
-    size_t GetAllocationCount() const override { return m_AllocationCount; }
-    VkDeviceSize GetSumFreeSize() const override { return m_SumFreeSize + GetUnusableSize(); }
-    bool IsEmpty() const override { return m_Root->type == Node::TYPE_FREE; }
-    VkResult CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData) override { return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT; }
-    VkDeviceSize GetAllocationOffset(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) const override { return (VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1; };
-    void DebugLogAllAllocations() const override { DebugLogAllAllocationNode(m_Root, 0); }
-
-    void Init(VkDeviceSize size) override;
-    bool Validate() const override;
-
-    void CalcAllocationStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo) const override;
-    void AddPoolStats(VmaPoolStats& inoutStats) const override;
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-    void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const override;
-#endif
-
-    bool CreateAllocationRequest(
-        VkDeviceSize allocSize,
-        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
-        bool upperAddress,
-        VmaSuballocationType allocType,
-        uint32_t strategy,
-        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest) override;
-
-    void Alloc(
-        const VmaAllocationRequest& request,
-        VmaSuballocationType type,
-        void* userData) override;
-
-    void Free(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) override;
-    void GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo) override;
-    void Clear() override;
-    void SetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, void* userData) override;
-
-private:
-    static const size_t MAX_LEVELS = 48;
-
-    struct ValidationContext
-    {
-        size_t calculatedAllocationCount = 0;
-        size_t calculatedFreeCount = 0;
-        VkDeviceSize calculatedSumFreeSize = 0;
-    };
-    struct Node
-    {
-        VkDeviceSize offset;
-        enum TYPE
-        {
-            TYPE_FREE,
-            TYPE_ALLOCATION,
-            TYPE_SPLIT,
-            TYPE_COUNT
-        } type;
-        Node* parent;
-        Node* buddy;
-
-        union
-        {
-            struct
-            {
-                Node* prev;
-                Node* next;
-            } free;
-            struct
-            {
-                void* userData;
-            } allocation;
-            struct
-            {
-                Node* leftChild;
-            } split;
-        };
-    };
-
-    // Size of the memory block aligned down to a power of two.
-    VkDeviceSize m_UsableSize;
-    uint32_t m_LevelCount;
-    VmaPoolAllocator<Node> m_NodeAllocator;
-    Node* m_Root;
-    struct
-    {
-        Node* front;
-        Node* back;
-    } m_FreeList[MAX_LEVELS];
-
-    // Number of nodes in the tree with type == TYPE_ALLOCATION.
-    size_t m_AllocationCount;
-    // Number of nodes in the tree with type == TYPE_FREE.
-    size_t m_FreeCount;
-    // Doesn't include space wasted due to internal fragmentation - allocation sizes are just aligned up to node sizes.
-    // Doesn't include unusable size.
-    VkDeviceSize m_SumFreeSize;
-
-    VkDeviceSize GetUnusableSize() const { return GetSize() - m_UsableSize; }
-    VkDeviceSize LevelToNodeSize(uint32_t level) const { return m_UsableSize >> level; }
-
-    VkDeviceSize AlignAllocationSize(VkDeviceSize size) const
-    {
-        if (!IsVirtual())
-        {
-            size = VmaAlignUp(size, (VkDeviceSize)16);
-        }
-        return VmaNextPow2(size);
-    }
-    Node* FindAllocationNode(VkDeviceSize offset, uint32_t& outLevel);
-    void DeleteNodeChildren(Node* node);
-    bool ValidateNode(ValidationContext& ctx, const Node* parent, const Node* curr, uint32_t level, VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize) const;
-    uint32_t AllocSizeToLevel(VkDeviceSize allocSize) const;
-    void CalcAllocationStatInfoNode(VmaStatInfo& inoutInfo, const Node* node, VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize) const;
-    // Adds node to the front of FreeList at given level.
-    // node->type must be FREE.
-    // node->free.prev, next can be undefined.
-    void AddToFreeListFront(uint32_t level, Node* node);
-    // Removes node from FreeList at given level.
-    // node->type must be FREE.
-    // node->free.prev, next stay untouched.
-    void RemoveFromFreeList(uint32_t level, Node* node);
-    void DebugLogAllAllocationNode(Node* node, uint32_t level) const;
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-    void PrintDetailedMapNode(class VmaJsonWriter& json, const Node* node, VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize) const;
-#endif
-};
-
-#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_BUDDY_FUNCTIONS
-VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
-    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity, bool isVirtual)
-    : VmaBlockMetadata(pAllocationCallbacks, bufferImageGranularity, isVirtual),
-    m_NodeAllocator(pAllocationCallbacks, 32), // firstBlockCapacity
-    m_Root(VMA_NULL),
-    m_AllocationCount(0),
-    m_FreeCount(1),
-    m_SumFreeSize(0)
-{
-    memset(m_FreeList, 0, sizeof(m_FreeList));
-}
-
-VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::~VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy()
-{
-    DeleteNodeChildren(m_Root);
-    m_NodeAllocator.Free(m_Root);
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::Init(VkDeviceSize size)
-{
-    VmaBlockMetadata::Init(size);
-
-    m_UsableSize = VmaPrevPow2(size);
-    m_SumFreeSize = m_UsableSize;
-
-    // Calculate m_LevelCount.
-    const VkDeviceSize minNodeSize = IsVirtual() ? 1 : 16;
-    m_LevelCount = 1;
-    while (m_LevelCount < MAX_LEVELS &&
-        LevelToNodeSize(m_LevelCount) >= minNodeSize)
-    {
-        ++m_LevelCount;
-    }
-
-    Node* rootNode = m_NodeAllocator.Alloc();
-    rootNode->offset = 0;
-    rootNode->type = Node::TYPE_FREE;
-    rootNode->parent = VMA_NULL;
-    rootNode->buddy = VMA_NULL;
-
-    m_Root = rootNode;
-    AddToFreeListFront(0, rootNode);
-}
-
-bool VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::Validate() const
-{
-    // Validate tree.
-    ValidationContext ctx;
-    if (!ValidateNode(ctx, VMA_NULL, m_Root, 0, LevelToNodeSize(0)))
-    {
-        VMA_VALIDATE(false && "ValidateNode failed.");
-    }
-    VMA_VALIDATE(m_AllocationCount == ctx.calculatedAllocationCount);
-    VMA_VALIDATE(m_SumFreeSize == ctx.calculatedSumFreeSize);
-
-    // Validate free node lists.
-    for (uint32_t level = 0; level < m_LevelCount; ++level)
-    {
-        VMA_VALIDATE(m_FreeList[level].front == VMA_NULL ||
-            m_FreeList[level].front->free.prev == VMA_NULL);
-
-        for (Node* node = m_FreeList[level].front;
-            node != VMA_NULL;
-            node = node->free.next)
-        {
-            VMA_VALIDATE(node->type == Node::TYPE_FREE);
-
-            if (node->free.next == VMA_NULL)
-            {
-                VMA_VALIDATE(m_FreeList[level].back == node);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                VMA_VALIDATE(node->free.next->free.prev == node);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Validate that free lists ar higher levels are empty.
-    for (uint32_t level = m_LevelCount; level < MAX_LEVELS; ++level)
-    {
-        VMA_VALIDATE(m_FreeList[level].front == VMA_NULL && m_FreeList[level].back == VMA_NULL);
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::CalcAllocationStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo) const
-{
-    VmaInitStatInfo(outInfo);
-    outInfo.blockCount = 1;
-
-    CalcAllocationStatInfoNode(outInfo, m_Root, LevelToNodeSize(0));
-
-    const VkDeviceSize unusableSize = GetUnusableSize();
-    if (unusableSize > 0)
-    {
-        VmaAddStatInfoUnusedRange(outInfo, unusableSize);
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::AddPoolStats(VmaPoolStats& inoutStats) const
-{
-    const VkDeviceSize unusableSize = GetUnusableSize();
-
-    inoutStats.size += GetSize();
-    inoutStats.unusedSize += m_SumFreeSize + unusableSize;
-    inoutStats.allocationCount += m_AllocationCount;
-    inoutStats.unusedRangeCount += m_FreeCount;
-
-    if (unusableSize > 0)
-    {
-        ++inoutStats.unusedRangeCount;
-    }
-}
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const
-{
-    VmaStatInfo stat;
-    CalcAllocationStatInfo(stat);
-
-    PrintDetailedMap_Begin(
-        json,
-        stat.unusedBytes,
-        stat.allocationCount,
-        stat.unusedRangeCount);
-
-    PrintDetailedMapNode(json, m_Root, LevelToNodeSize(0));
-
-    const VkDeviceSize unusableSize = GetUnusableSize();
-    if (unusableSize > 0)
-    {
-        PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json,
-            m_UsableSize, // offset
-            unusableSize); // size
-    }
-
-    PrintDetailedMap_End(json);
-}
-#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-
-bool VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::CreateAllocationRequest(
-    VkDeviceSize allocSize,
-    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
-    bool upperAddress,
-    VmaSuballocationType allocType,
-    uint32_t strategy,
-    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(!upperAddress && "VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT can be used only with linear algorithm.");
-
-    allocSize = AlignAllocationSize(allocSize);
-
-    // Simple way to respect bufferImageGranularity. May be optimized some day.
-    // Whenever it might be an OPTIMAL image...
-    if (allocType == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN ||
-        allocType == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_UNKNOWN ||
-        allocType == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL)
-    {
-        allocAlignment = VMA_MAX(allocAlignment, GetBufferImageGranularity());
-        allocSize = VmaAlignUp(allocSize, GetBufferImageGranularity());
-    }
-
-    if (allocSize > m_UsableSize)
-    {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    const uint32_t targetLevel = AllocSizeToLevel(allocSize);
-    for (uint32_t level = targetLevel; level--; )
-    {
-        for (Node* freeNode = m_FreeList[level].front;
-            freeNode != VMA_NULL;
-            freeNode = freeNode->free.next)
-        {
-            if (freeNode->offset % allocAlignment == 0)
-            {
-                pAllocationRequest->type = VmaAllocationRequestType::Normal;
-                pAllocationRequest->allocHandle = (VmaAllocHandle)(freeNode->offset + 1);
-                pAllocationRequest->size = allocSize;
-                pAllocationRequest->customData = (void*)(uintptr_t)level;
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return false;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::Alloc(
-    const VmaAllocationRequest& request,
-    VmaSuballocationType type,
-    void* userData)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(request.type == VmaAllocationRequestType::Normal);
-
-    const uint32_t targetLevel = AllocSizeToLevel(request.size);
-    uint32_t currLevel = (uint32_t)(uintptr_t)request.customData;
-
-    Node* currNode = m_FreeList[currLevel].front;
-    VMA_ASSERT(currNode != VMA_NULL && currNode->type == Node::TYPE_FREE);
-    const VkDeviceSize offset = (VkDeviceSize)request.allocHandle - 1;
-    while (currNode->offset != offset)
-    {
-        currNode = currNode->free.next;
-        VMA_ASSERT(currNode != VMA_NULL && currNode->type == Node::TYPE_FREE);
-    }
-
-    // Go down, splitting free nodes.
-    while (currLevel < targetLevel)
-    {
-        // currNode is already first free node at currLevel.
-        // Remove it from list of free nodes at this currLevel.
-        RemoveFromFreeList(currLevel, currNode);
-
-        const uint32_t childrenLevel = currLevel + 1;
-
-        // Create two free sub-nodes.
-        Node* leftChild = m_NodeAllocator.Alloc();
-        Node* rightChild = m_NodeAllocator.Alloc();
-
-        leftChild->offset = currNode->offset;
-        leftChild->type = Node::TYPE_FREE;
-        leftChild->parent = currNode;
-        leftChild->buddy = rightChild;
-
-        rightChild->offset = currNode->offset + LevelToNodeSize(childrenLevel);
-        rightChild->type = Node::TYPE_FREE;
-        rightChild->parent = currNode;
-        rightChild->buddy = leftChild;
-
-        // Convert current currNode to split type.
-        currNode->type = Node::TYPE_SPLIT;
-        currNode->split.leftChild = leftChild;
-
-        // Add child nodes to free list. Order is important!
-        AddToFreeListFront(childrenLevel, rightChild);
-        AddToFreeListFront(childrenLevel, leftChild);
-
-        ++m_FreeCount;
-        ++currLevel;
-        currNode = m_FreeList[currLevel].front;
-
-        /*
-        We can be sure that currNode, as left child of node previously split,
-        also fulfills the alignment requirement.
-        */
-    }
-
-    // Remove from free list.
-    VMA_ASSERT(currLevel == targetLevel &&
-        currNode != VMA_NULL &&
-        currNode->type == Node::TYPE_FREE);
-    RemoveFromFreeList(currLevel, currNode);
-
-    // Convert to allocation node.
-    currNode->type = Node::TYPE_ALLOCATION;
-    currNode->allocation.userData = userData;
-
-    ++m_AllocationCount;
-    --m_FreeCount;
-    m_SumFreeSize -= request.size;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo)
-{
-    uint32_t level = 0;
-    outInfo.offset = (VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1;
-    const Node* const node = FindAllocationNode(outInfo.offset, level);
-    outInfo.size = LevelToNodeSize(level);
-    outInfo.pUserData = node->allocation.userData;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::DeleteNodeChildren(Node* node)
-{
-    if (node->type == Node::TYPE_SPLIT)
-    {
-        DeleteNodeChildren(node->split.leftChild->buddy);
-        DeleteNodeChildren(node->split.leftChild);
-        const VkAllocationCallbacks* allocationCallbacks = GetAllocationCallbacks();
-        m_NodeAllocator.Free(node->split.leftChild->buddy);
-        m_NodeAllocator.Free(node->split.leftChild);
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::Clear()
-{
-    DeleteNodeChildren(m_Root);
-    m_Root->type = Node::TYPE_FREE;
-    m_AllocationCount = 0;
-    m_FreeCount = 1;
-    m_SumFreeSize = m_UsableSize;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::SetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, void* userData)
-{
-    uint32_t level = 0;
-    Node* const node = FindAllocationNode((VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1, level);
-    node->allocation.userData = userData;
-}
-
-VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::Node* VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::FindAllocationNode(VkDeviceSize offset, uint32_t& outLevel)
-{
-    Node* node = m_Root;
-    VkDeviceSize nodeOffset = 0;
-    outLevel = 0;
-    VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize = LevelToNodeSize(0);
-    while (node->type == Node::TYPE_SPLIT)
-    {
-        const VkDeviceSize nextLevelNodeSize = levelNodeSize >> 1;
-        if (offset < nodeOffset + nextLevelNodeSize)
-        {
-            node = node->split.leftChild;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            node = node->split.leftChild->buddy;
-            nodeOffset += nextLevelNodeSize;
-        }
-        ++outLevel;
-        levelNodeSize = nextLevelNodeSize;
-    }
-
-    VMA_ASSERT(node != VMA_NULL && node->type == Node::TYPE_ALLOCATION);
-    return node;
-}
-
-bool VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::ValidateNode(ValidationContext& ctx, const Node* parent, const Node* curr, uint32_t level, VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize) const
-{
-    VMA_VALIDATE(level < m_LevelCount);
-    VMA_VALIDATE(curr->parent == parent);
-    VMA_VALIDATE((curr->buddy == VMA_NULL) == (parent == VMA_NULL));
-    VMA_VALIDATE(curr->buddy == VMA_NULL || curr->buddy->buddy == curr);
-    switch (curr->type)
-    {
-    case Node::TYPE_FREE:
-        // curr->free.prev, next are validated separately.
-        ctx.calculatedSumFreeSize += levelNodeSize;
-        ++ctx.calculatedFreeCount;
-        break;
-    case Node::TYPE_ALLOCATION:
-        ++ctx.calculatedAllocationCount;
-        if (!IsVirtual())
-        {
-            VMA_VALIDATE(curr->allocation.userData != VMA_NULL);
-        }
-        break;
-    case Node::TYPE_SPLIT:
-    {
-        const uint32_t childrenLevel = level + 1;
-        const VkDeviceSize childrenLevelNodeSize = levelNodeSize >> 1;
-        const Node* const leftChild = curr->split.leftChild;
-        VMA_VALIDATE(leftChild != VMA_NULL);
-        VMA_VALIDATE(leftChild->offset == curr->offset);
-        if (!ValidateNode(ctx, curr, leftChild, childrenLevel, childrenLevelNodeSize))
-        {
-            VMA_VALIDATE(false && "ValidateNode for left child failed.");
-        }
-        const Node* const rightChild = leftChild->buddy;
-        VMA_VALIDATE(rightChild->offset == curr->offset + childrenLevelNodeSize);
-        if (!ValidateNode(ctx, curr, rightChild, childrenLevel, childrenLevelNodeSize))
-        {
-            VMA_VALIDATE(false && "ValidateNode for right child failed.");
-        }
-    }
-    break;
-    default:
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-uint32_t VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::AllocSizeToLevel(VkDeviceSize allocSize) const
-{
-    // I know this could be optimized somehow e.g. by using std::log2p1 from C++20.
-    uint32_t level = 0;
-    VkDeviceSize currLevelNodeSize = m_UsableSize;
-    VkDeviceSize nextLevelNodeSize = currLevelNodeSize >> 1;
-    while (allocSize <= nextLevelNodeSize && level + 1 < m_LevelCount)
-    {
-        ++level;
-        currLevelNodeSize >>= 1;
-        nextLevelNodeSize >>= 1;
-    }
-    return level;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::Free(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle)
-{
-    uint32_t level = 0;
-    Node* node = FindAllocationNode((VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1, level);
-
-    ++m_FreeCount;
-    --m_AllocationCount;
-    m_SumFreeSize += LevelToNodeSize(level);
-
-    node->type = Node::TYPE_FREE;
-
-    // Join free nodes if possible.
-    while (level > 0 && node->buddy->type == Node::TYPE_FREE)
-    {
-        RemoveFromFreeList(level, node->buddy);
-        Node* const parent = node->parent;
-
-        m_NodeAllocator.Free(node->buddy);
-        m_NodeAllocator.Free(node);
-        parent->type = Node::TYPE_FREE;
-
-        node = parent;
-        --level;
-        --m_FreeCount;
-    }
-
-    AddToFreeListFront(level, node);
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::CalcAllocationStatInfoNode(VmaStatInfo& inoutInfo, const Node* node, VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize) const
-{
-    switch (node->type)
-    {
-    case Node::TYPE_FREE:
-        VmaAddStatInfoUnusedRange(inoutInfo, levelNodeSize);
-        break;
-    case Node::TYPE_ALLOCATION:
-        VmaAddStatInfoAllocation(inoutInfo, levelNodeSize);
-        break;
-    case Node::TYPE_SPLIT:
-    {
-        const VkDeviceSize childrenNodeSize = levelNodeSize / 2;
-        const Node* const leftChild = node->split.leftChild;
-        CalcAllocationStatInfoNode(inoutInfo, leftChild, childrenNodeSize);
-        const Node* const rightChild = leftChild->buddy;
-        CalcAllocationStatInfoNode(inoutInfo, rightChild, childrenNodeSize);
-    }
-    break;
-    default:
-        VMA_ASSERT(0);
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::AddToFreeListFront(uint32_t level, Node* node)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(node->type == Node::TYPE_FREE);
-
-    // List is empty.
-    Node* const frontNode = m_FreeList[level].front;
-    if (frontNode == VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(m_FreeList[level].back == VMA_NULL);
-        node->free.prev = node->free.next = VMA_NULL;
-        m_FreeList[level].front = m_FreeList[level].back = node;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(frontNode->free.prev == VMA_NULL);
-        node->free.prev = VMA_NULL;
-        node->free.next = frontNode;
-        frontNode->free.prev = node;
-        m_FreeList[level].front = node;
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::RemoveFromFreeList(uint32_t level, Node* node)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_FreeList[level].front != VMA_NULL);
-
-    // It is at the front.
-    if (node->free.prev == VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(m_FreeList[level].front == node);
-        m_FreeList[level].front = node->free.next;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        Node* const prevFreeNode = node->free.prev;
-        VMA_ASSERT(prevFreeNode->free.next == node);
-        prevFreeNode->free.next = node->free.next;
-    }
-
-    // It is at the back.
-    if (node->free.next == VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(m_FreeList[level].back == node);
-        m_FreeList[level].back = node->free.prev;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        Node* const nextFreeNode = node->free.next;
-        VMA_ASSERT(nextFreeNode->free.prev == node);
-        nextFreeNode->free.prev = node->free.prev;
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::DebugLogAllAllocationNode(Node* node, uint32_t level) const
-{
-    switch (node->type)
-    {
-    case Node::TYPE_ALLOCATION:
-        DebugLogAllocation(node->offset, LevelToNodeSize(level), node->allocation.userData);
-        break;
-    case Node::TYPE_SPLIT:
-    {
-        ++level;
-        DebugLogAllAllocationNode(node->split.leftChild, level);
-        DebugLogAllAllocationNode(node->split.leftChild->buddy, level);
-    }
-    break;
-    default:
-        VMA_ASSERT(0);
-    }
-}
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::PrintDetailedMapNode(class VmaJsonWriter& json, const Node* node, VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize) const
-{
-    switch (node->type)
-    {
-    case Node::TYPE_FREE:
-        PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, node->offset, levelNodeSize);
-        break;
-    case Node::TYPE_ALLOCATION:
-        PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(json, node->offset, levelNodeSize, node->allocation.userData);
-        break;
-    case Node::TYPE_SPLIT:
-    {
-        const VkDeviceSize childrenNodeSize = levelNodeSize / 2;
-        const Node* const leftChild = node->split.leftChild;
-        PrintDetailedMapNode(json, leftChild, childrenNodeSize);
-        const Node* const rightChild = leftChild->buddy;
-        PrintDetailedMapNode(json, rightChild, childrenNodeSize);
-    }
-    break;
-    default:
-        VMA_ASSERT(0);
-    }
-}
-#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_BUDDY_FUNCTIONS
-#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_BUDDY
-
-#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_TLSF
-// To not search current larger region if first allocation won't succeed and skip to smaller range
-// use with VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT as strategy in CreateAllocationRequest().
-// When fragmentation and reusal of previous blocks doesn't matter then use with
-// VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT for fastest alloc time possible.
-class VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF : public VmaBlockMetadata
-{
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF)
-public:
-    VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
-        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity, bool isVirtual);
-    virtual ~VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF();
-
-    size_t GetAllocationCount() const override { return m_AllocCount; }
-    VkDeviceSize GetSumFreeSize() const override { return m_BlocksFreeSize + m_NullBlock->size; }
-    bool IsEmpty() const override { return m_NullBlock->offset == 0; }
-    VkDeviceSize GetAllocationOffset(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) const override { return ((Block*)allocHandle)->offset; };
-
-    void Init(VkDeviceSize size) override;
-    bool Validate() const override;
-
-    void CalcAllocationStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo) const override;
-    void AddPoolStats(VmaPoolStats& inoutStats) const override;
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-    void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const override;
-#endif
-
-    bool CreateAllocationRequest(
-        VkDeviceSize allocSize,
-        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
-        bool upperAddress,
-        VmaSuballocationType allocType,
-        uint32_t strategy,
-        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest) override;
-
-    VkResult CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData) override;
-    void Alloc(
-        const VmaAllocationRequest& request,
-        VmaSuballocationType type,
-        void* userData) override;
-
-    void Free(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) override;
-    void GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo) override;
-    void Clear() override;
-    void SetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, void* userData) override;
-    void DebugLogAllAllocations() const override;
-
-private:
-    // According to original paper it should be preferable 4 or 5:
-    // M. Masmano, I. Ripoll, A. Crespo, and J. Real "TLSF: a New Dynamic Memory Allocator for Real-Time Systems"
-    // http://www.gii.upv.es/tlsf/files/ecrts04_tlsf.pdf
-    static const uint8_t SECOND_LEVEL_INDEX = 5;
-    static const uint16_t SMALL_BUFFER_SIZE = 256;
-    static const uint32_t INITIAL_BLOCK_ALLOC_COUNT = 16;
-    static const uint8_t MEMORY_CLASS_SHIFT = 7;
-    static const uint8_t MAX_MEMORY_CLASSES = 65 - MEMORY_CLASS_SHIFT;
-
-    class Block
-    {
-    public:
-        VkDeviceSize offset;
-        VkDeviceSize size;
-        Block* prevPhysical;
-        Block* nextPhysical;
-
-        void MarkFree() { prevFree = VMA_NULL; }
-        void MarkTaken() { prevFree = this; }
-        bool IsFree() const { return prevFree != this; }
-        void*& UserData() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(!IsFree()); return userData; }
-        Block*& PrevFree() { return prevFree; }
-        Block*& NextFree() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(IsFree()); return nextFree; }
-
-    private:
-        Block* prevFree; // Address of the same block here indicates that block is taken
-        union
-        {
-            Block* nextFree;
-            void* userData;
-        };
-    };
-
-    size_t m_AllocCount;
-    // Total number of free blocks besides null block
-    size_t m_BlocksFreeCount;
-    // Total size of free blocks excluding null block
-    VkDeviceSize m_BlocksFreeSize;
-    uint32_t m_IsFreeBitmap;
-    uint8_t m_MemoryClasses;
-    uint32_t m_InnerIsFreeBitmap[MAX_MEMORY_CLASSES];
-    uint32_t m_ListsCount;
-    /*
-    * 0: 0-3 lists for small buffers
-    * 1+: 0-(2^SLI-1) lists for normal buffers
-    */
-    Block** m_FreeList;
-    VmaPoolAllocator<Block> m_BlockAllocator;
-    Block* m_NullBlock;
-    VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity m_GranularityHandler;
-
-    uint8_t SizeToMemoryClass(VkDeviceSize size) const;
-    uint16_t SizeToSecondIndex(VkDeviceSize size, uint8_t memoryClass) const;
-    uint32_t GetListIndex(uint8_t memoryClass, uint16_t secondIndex) const;
-    uint32_t GetListIndex(VkDeviceSize size) const;
-
-    void RemoveFreeBlock(Block* block);
-    void InsertFreeBlock(Block* block);
-    void MergeBlock(Block* block, Block* prev);
-
-    Block* FindFreeBlock(VkDeviceSize size, uint32_t& listIndex) const;
-    bool CheckBlock(
-        Block& block,
-        uint32_t listIndex,
-        VkDeviceSize allocSize,
-        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
-        VmaSuballocationType allocType,
-        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest);
-};
-
-#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_TLSF_FUNCTIONS
-VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
-    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity, bool isVirtual)
-    : VmaBlockMetadata(pAllocationCallbacks, bufferImageGranularity, isVirtual),
-    m_AllocCount(0),
-    m_BlocksFreeCount(0),
-    m_BlocksFreeSize(0),
-    m_IsFreeBitmap(0),
-    m_MemoryClasses(0),
-    m_ListsCount(0),
-    m_FreeList(VMA_NULL),
-    m_BlockAllocator(pAllocationCallbacks, INITIAL_BLOCK_ALLOC_COUNT),
-    m_NullBlock(VMA_NULL),
-    m_GranularityHandler(bufferImageGranularity) {}
-
-VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::~VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF()
-{
-    if (m_FreeList)
-        vma_delete_array(GetAllocationCallbacks(), m_FreeList, m_ListsCount);
-    m_GranularityHandler.Destroy(GetAllocationCallbacks());
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::Init(VkDeviceSize size)
-{
-    VmaBlockMetadata::Init(size);
-
-    if (!IsVirtual())
-        m_GranularityHandler.Init(GetAllocationCallbacks(), size);
-
-    m_NullBlock = m_BlockAllocator.Alloc();
-    m_NullBlock->size = size;
-    m_NullBlock->offset = 0;
-    m_NullBlock->prevPhysical = VMA_NULL;
-    m_NullBlock->nextPhysical = VMA_NULL;
-    m_NullBlock->MarkFree();
-    m_NullBlock->NextFree() = VMA_NULL;
-    m_NullBlock->PrevFree() = VMA_NULL;
-    uint8_t memoryClass = SizeToMemoryClass(size);
-    uint16_t sli = SizeToSecondIndex(size, memoryClass);
-    m_ListsCount = (memoryClass == 0 ? 0 : (memoryClass - 1) * (1UL << SECOND_LEVEL_INDEX) + sli) + 1;
-    if (IsVirtual())
-        m_ListsCount += 1UL << SECOND_LEVEL_INDEX;
-    else
-        m_ListsCount += 4;
-
-    m_MemoryClasses = memoryClass + 2;
-    memset(m_InnerIsFreeBitmap, 0, MAX_MEMORY_CLASSES * sizeof(uint32_t));
-
-    m_FreeList = vma_new_array(GetAllocationCallbacks(), Block*, m_ListsCount);
-    memset(m_FreeList, 0, m_ListsCount * sizeof(Block*));
-}
-
-bool VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::Validate() const
-{
-    VMA_VALIDATE(GetSumFreeSize() <= GetSize());
-
-    VkDeviceSize calculatedSize = m_NullBlock->size;
-    VkDeviceSize calculatedFreeSize = m_NullBlock->size;
-    size_t allocCount = 0;
-    size_t freeCount = 0;
-
-    // Check integrity of free lists
-    for (uint32_t list = 0; list < m_ListsCount; ++list)
-    {
-        Block* block = m_FreeList[list];
-        if (block != VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            VMA_VALIDATE(block->IsFree());
-            VMA_VALIDATE(block->PrevFree() == VMA_NULL);
-            while (block->NextFree())
-            {
-                VMA_VALIDATE(block->NextFree()->IsFree());
-                VMA_VALIDATE(block->NextFree()->PrevFree() == block);
-                block = block->NextFree();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    VkDeviceSize nextOffset = m_NullBlock->offset;
-    auto validateCtx = m_GranularityHandler.StartValidation(GetAllocationCallbacks(), IsVirtual());
-
-    VMA_VALIDATE(m_NullBlock->nextPhysical == VMA_NULL);
-    if (m_NullBlock->prevPhysical)
-    {
-        VMA_VALIDATE(m_NullBlock->prevPhysical->nextPhysical == m_NullBlock);
-    }
-    // Check all blocks
-    for (Block* prev = m_NullBlock->prevPhysical; prev != VMA_NULL; prev = prev->prevPhysical)
-    {
-        VMA_VALIDATE(prev->offset + prev->size == nextOffset);
-        nextOffset = prev->offset;
-        calculatedSize += prev->size;
-
-        uint32_t listIndex = GetListIndex(prev->size);
-        if (prev->IsFree())
-        {
-            ++freeCount;
-            // Check if free block belongs to free list
-            Block* freeBlock = m_FreeList[listIndex];
-            VMA_VALIDATE(freeBlock != VMA_NULL);
-
-            bool found = false;
-            do
-            {
-                if (freeBlock == prev)
-                    found = true;
-
-                freeBlock = freeBlock->NextFree();
-            } while (!found && freeBlock != VMA_NULL);
-
-            VMA_VALIDATE(found);
-            calculatedFreeSize += prev->size;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            ++allocCount;
-            // Check if taken block is not on a free list
-            Block* freeBlock = m_FreeList[listIndex];
-            while (freeBlock)
-            {
-                VMA_VALIDATE(freeBlock != prev);
-                freeBlock = freeBlock->NextFree();
-            }
-
-            if (!IsVirtual())
-            {
-                VMA_VALIDATE(m_GranularityHandler.Validate(validateCtx, prev->offset, prev->size));
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (prev->prevPhysical)
-        {
-            VMA_VALIDATE(prev->prevPhysical->nextPhysical == prev);
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (!IsVirtual())
-    {
-        VMA_VALIDATE(m_GranularityHandler.FinishValidation(validateCtx));
-    }
-
-    VMA_VALIDATE(nextOffset == 0);
-    VMA_VALIDATE(calculatedSize == GetSize());
-    VMA_VALIDATE(calculatedFreeSize == GetSumFreeSize());
-    VMA_VALIDATE(allocCount == m_AllocCount);
-    VMA_VALIDATE(freeCount == m_BlocksFreeCount);
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::CalcAllocationStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo) const
-{
-    VmaInitStatInfo(outInfo);
-    outInfo.blockCount = 1;
-    if (m_NullBlock->size > 0)
-        VmaAddStatInfoUnusedRange(outInfo, m_NullBlock->size);
-
-    for (Block* block = m_NullBlock->prevPhysical; block != VMA_NULL; block = block->prevPhysical)
-    {
-        if (block->IsFree())
-            VmaAddStatInfoUnusedRange(outInfo, block->size);
-        else
-            VmaAddStatInfoAllocation(outInfo, block->size);
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::AddPoolStats(VmaPoolStats& inoutStats) const
-{
-    inoutStats.size += GetSize();
-    inoutStats.unusedSize += GetSumFreeSize();
-    inoutStats.allocationCount += m_AllocCount;
-    inoutStats.unusedRangeCount += m_BlocksFreeCount;
-    if(m_NullBlock->size > 0)
-        ++inoutStats.unusedRangeCount;
-}
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const
-{
-    size_t blockCount = m_AllocCount + m_BlocksFreeCount;
-    VmaStlAllocator<Block*> allocator(GetAllocationCallbacks());
-    VmaVector<Block*, VmaStlAllocator<Block*>> blockList(blockCount, allocator);
-
-    size_t i = blockCount;
-    for (Block* block = m_NullBlock->prevPhysical; block != VMA_NULL; block = block->prevPhysical)
-    {
-        blockList[--i] = block;
-    }
-    VMA_ASSERT(i == 0);
-
-    VmaStatInfo stat;
-    CalcAllocationStatInfo(stat);
-
-    PrintDetailedMap_Begin(json,
-        stat.unusedBytes,
-        stat.allocationCount,
-        stat.unusedRangeCount);
-
-    for (; i < blockCount; ++i)
-    {
-        Block* block = blockList[i];
-        if (block->IsFree())
-            PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, block->offset, block->size);
-        else
-            PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(json, block->offset, block->size, block->UserData());
-    }
-    if (m_NullBlock->size > 0)
-        PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, m_NullBlock->offset, m_NullBlock->size);
-
-    PrintDetailedMap_End(json);
-}
-#endif
-
-bool VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::CreateAllocationRequest(
-    VkDeviceSize allocSize,
-    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
-    bool upperAddress,
-    VmaSuballocationType allocType,
-    uint32_t strategy,
-    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocSize > 0 && "Cannot allocate empty block!");
-    VMA_ASSERT(!upperAddress && "VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT can be used only with linear algorithm.");
-
-    // For small granularity round up
-    if (!IsVirtual())
-        m_GranularityHandler.RoundupAllocRequest(allocType, allocSize, allocAlignment);
-
-    allocSize += GetDebugMargin();
-    // Quick check for too small pool
-    if (allocSize > GetSumFreeSize())
-        return false;
-
-    // If no free blocks in pool then check only null block
-    if (m_BlocksFreeCount == 0)
-        return CheckBlock(*m_NullBlock, m_ListsCount, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest);
-
-    // Round up to the next block
-    VkDeviceSize sizeForNextList = allocSize;
-    VkDeviceSize smallSizeStep = SMALL_BUFFER_SIZE / (IsVirtual() ? 1 << SECOND_LEVEL_INDEX : 4);
-    if (allocSize > SMALL_BUFFER_SIZE)
-    {
-        sizeForNextList += (1ULL << (VMA_BITSCAN_MSB(allocSize) - SECOND_LEVEL_INDEX));
-    }
-    else if (allocSize > SMALL_BUFFER_SIZE - smallSizeStep)
-        sizeForNextList = SMALL_BUFFER_SIZE + 1;
-    else
-        sizeForNextList += smallSizeStep;
-
-    uint32_t nextListIndex = 0;
-    uint32_t prevListIndex = 0;
-    Block* nextListBlock = VMA_NULL;
-    Block* prevListBlock = VMA_NULL;
-
-    // Check blocks according to strategies
-    if (strategy & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT)
-    {
-        // Quick check for larger block first
-        nextListBlock = FindFreeBlock(sizeForNextList, nextListIndex);
-        if (nextListBlock != VMA_NULL && CheckBlock(*nextListBlock, nextListIndex, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
-            return true;
-
-        // If not fitted then null block
-        if (CheckBlock(*m_NullBlock, m_ListsCount, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
-            return true;
-
-        // Null block failed, search larger bucket
-        while (nextListBlock)
-        {
-            if (CheckBlock(*nextListBlock, nextListIndex, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
-                return true;
-            nextListBlock = nextListBlock->NextFree();
-        }
-
-        // Failed again, check best fit bucket
-        prevListBlock = FindFreeBlock(allocSize, prevListIndex);
-        while (prevListBlock)
-        {
-            if (CheckBlock(*prevListBlock, prevListIndex, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
-                return true;
-            prevListBlock = prevListBlock->NextFree();
-        }
-    }
-    else if (strategy & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT)
-    {
-        // Check best fit bucket
-        prevListBlock = FindFreeBlock(allocSize, prevListIndex);
-        while (prevListBlock)
-        {
-            if (CheckBlock(*prevListBlock, prevListIndex, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
-                return true;
-            prevListBlock = prevListBlock->NextFree();
-        }
-
-        // If failed check null block
-        if (CheckBlock(*m_NullBlock, m_ListsCount, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
-            return true;
-
-        // Check larger bucket
-        nextListBlock = FindFreeBlock(sizeForNextList, nextListIndex);
-        while (nextListBlock)
-        {
-            if (CheckBlock(*nextListBlock, nextListIndex, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
-                return true;
-            nextListBlock = nextListBlock->NextFree();
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // Check larger bucket
-        nextListBlock = FindFreeBlock(sizeForNextList, nextListIndex);
-        while (nextListBlock)
-        {
-            if (CheckBlock(*nextListBlock, nextListIndex, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
-                return true;
-            nextListBlock = nextListBlock->NextFree();
-        }
-
-        // If failed check null block
-        if (CheckBlock(*m_NullBlock, m_ListsCount, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
-            return true;
-
-        // Check best fit bucket
-        prevListBlock = FindFreeBlock(allocSize, prevListIndex);
-        while (prevListBlock)
-        {
-            if (CheckBlock(*prevListBlock, prevListIndex, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
-                return true;
-            prevListBlock = prevListBlock->NextFree();
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Worst case, full search has to be done
-    while (++nextListIndex < m_ListsCount)
-    {
-        nextListBlock = m_FreeList[nextListIndex];
-        while (nextListBlock)
-        {
-            if (CheckBlock(*nextListBlock, nextListIndex, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
-                return true;
-            nextListBlock = nextListBlock->NextFree();
-        }
-    }
-
-    // No more memory sadly
-    return false;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData)
-{
-    for (Block* block = m_NullBlock->prevPhysical; block != VMA_NULL; block = block->prevPhysical)
-    {
-        if (!block->IsFree())
-        {
-            if (!VmaValidateMagicValue(pBlockData, block->offset + block->size))
-            {
-                VMA_ASSERT(0 && "MEMORY CORRUPTION DETECTED AFTER VALIDATED ALLOCATION!");
-                return VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return VK_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::Alloc(
-    const VmaAllocationRequest& request,
-    VmaSuballocationType type,
-    void* userData)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(request.type == VmaAllocationRequestType::TLSF);
-
-    // Get block and pop it from the free list
-    Block* currentBlock = (Block*)request.allocHandle;
-    VkDeviceSize offset = request.algorithmData;
-    VMA_ASSERT(currentBlock != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(currentBlock->offset <= offset);
-
-    if (currentBlock != m_NullBlock)
-        RemoveFreeBlock(currentBlock);
-
-    VkDeviceSize debugMargin = GetDebugMargin();
-    VkDeviceSize misssingAlignment = offset - currentBlock->offset;
-
-    // Append missing alignment to prev block or create new one
-    if (misssingAlignment)
-    {
-        Block* prevBlock = currentBlock->prevPhysical;
-        VMA_ASSERT(prevBlock != VMA_NULL && "There should be no missing alignment at offset 0!");
-
-        if (prevBlock->IsFree() && prevBlock->size != debugMargin)
-        {
-            uint32_t oldList = GetListIndex(prevBlock->size);
-            prevBlock->size += misssingAlignment;
-            // Check if new size crosses list bucket
-            if (oldList != GetListIndex(prevBlock->size))
-            {
-                prevBlock->size -= misssingAlignment;
-                RemoveFreeBlock(prevBlock);
-                prevBlock->size += misssingAlignment;
-                InsertFreeBlock(prevBlock);
-            }
-            else
-                m_BlocksFreeSize += misssingAlignment;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            Block* newBlock = m_BlockAllocator.Alloc();
-            currentBlock->prevPhysical = newBlock;
-            prevBlock->nextPhysical = newBlock;
-            newBlock->prevPhysical = prevBlock;
-            newBlock->nextPhysical = currentBlock;
-            newBlock->size = misssingAlignment;
-            newBlock->offset = currentBlock->offset;
-            newBlock->MarkTaken();
-
-            InsertFreeBlock(newBlock);
-        }
-
-        currentBlock->size -= misssingAlignment;
-        currentBlock->offset += misssingAlignment;
-    }
-
-    VkDeviceSize size = request.size + debugMargin;
-    if (currentBlock->size == size)
-    {
-        if (currentBlock == m_NullBlock)
-        {
-            // Setup new null block
-            m_NullBlock = m_BlockAllocator.Alloc();
-            m_NullBlock->size = 0;
-            m_NullBlock->offset = currentBlock->offset + size;
-            m_NullBlock->prevPhysical = currentBlock;
-            m_NullBlock->nextPhysical = VMA_NULL;
-            m_NullBlock->MarkFree();
-            m_NullBlock->PrevFree() = VMA_NULL;
-            m_NullBlock->NextFree() = VMA_NULL;
-            currentBlock->nextPhysical = m_NullBlock;
-            currentBlock->MarkTaken();
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(currentBlock->size > size && "Proper block already found, shouldn't find smaller one!");
-
-        // Create new free block
-        Block* newBlock = m_BlockAllocator.Alloc();
-        newBlock->size = currentBlock->size - size;
-        newBlock->offset = currentBlock->offset + size;
-        newBlock->prevPhysical = currentBlock;
-        newBlock->nextPhysical = currentBlock->nextPhysical;
-        currentBlock->nextPhysical = newBlock;
-        currentBlock->size = size;
-
-        if (currentBlock == m_NullBlock)
-        {
-            m_NullBlock = newBlock;
-            m_NullBlock->MarkFree();
-            m_NullBlock->NextFree() = VMA_NULL;
-            m_NullBlock->PrevFree() = VMA_NULL;
-            currentBlock->MarkTaken();
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            newBlock->nextPhysical->prevPhysical = newBlock;
-            newBlock->MarkTaken();
-            InsertFreeBlock(newBlock);
-        }
-    }
-    currentBlock->UserData() = userData;
-
-    if (debugMargin > 0)
-    {
-        currentBlock->size -= debugMargin;
-        Block* newBlock = m_BlockAllocator.Alloc();
-        newBlock->size = debugMargin;
-        newBlock->offset = currentBlock->offset + currentBlock->size;
-        newBlock->prevPhysical = currentBlock;
-        newBlock->nextPhysical = currentBlock->nextPhysical;
-        newBlock->MarkTaken();
-        currentBlock->nextPhysical->prevPhysical = newBlock;
-        currentBlock->nextPhysical = newBlock;
-        InsertFreeBlock(newBlock);
-    }
-
-    if (!IsVirtual())
-        m_GranularityHandler.AllocPages((uint8_t)(uintptr_t)request.customData,
-            currentBlock->offset, currentBlock->size);
-    ++m_AllocCount;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::Free(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle)
-{
-    Block* block = (Block*)allocHandle;
-    Block* next = block->nextPhysical;
-    VMA_ASSERT(!block->IsFree() && "Block is already free!");
-
-    if (!IsVirtual())
-        m_GranularityHandler.FreePages(block->offset, block->size);
-    --m_AllocCount;
-
-    VkDeviceSize debugMargin = GetDebugMargin();
-    if (debugMargin > 0)
-    {
-        RemoveFreeBlock(next);
-        MergeBlock(next, block);
-        block = next;
-        next = next->nextPhysical;
-    }
-
-    // Try merging
-    Block* prev = block->prevPhysical;
-    if (prev != VMA_NULL && prev->IsFree() && prev->size != debugMargin)
-    {
-        RemoveFreeBlock(prev);
-        MergeBlock(block, prev);
-    }
-
-    if (!next->IsFree())
-        InsertFreeBlock(block);
-    else if (next == m_NullBlock)
-        MergeBlock(m_NullBlock, block);
-    else
-    {
-        RemoveFreeBlock(next);
-        MergeBlock(next, block);
-        InsertFreeBlock(next);
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo)
-{
-    Block* block = (Block*)allocHandle;
-    VMA_ASSERT(!block->IsFree() && "Cannot get allocation info for free block!");
-    outInfo.offset = block->offset;
-    outInfo.size = block->size;
-    outInfo.pUserData = block->UserData();
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::Clear()
-{
-    m_AllocCount = 0;
-    m_BlocksFreeCount = 0;
-    m_BlocksFreeSize = 0;
-    m_IsFreeBitmap = 0;
-    m_NullBlock->offset = 0;
-    m_NullBlock->size = GetSize();
-    Block* block = m_NullBlock->prevPhysical;
-    m_NullBlock->prevPhysical = VMA_NULL;
-    while (block)
-    {
-        Block* prev = block->prevPhysical;
-        m_BlockAllocator.Free(block);
-        block = prev;
-    }
-    memset(m_FreeList, 0, m_ListsCount * sizeof(Block*));
-    memset(m_InnerIsFreeBitmap, 0, m_MemoryClasses * sizeof(uint32_t));
-    m_GranularityHandler.Clear();
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::SetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, void* userData)
-{
-    Block* block = (Block*)allocHandle;
-    VMA_ASSERT(!block->IsFree() && "Trying to set user data for not allocated block!");
-    block->UserData() = userData;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::DebugLogAllAllocations() const
-{
-    for (Block* block = m_NullBlock->prevPhysical; block != VMA_NULL; block = block->prevPhysical)
-        if (!block->IsFree())
-            DebugLogAllocation(block->offset, block->size, block->UserData());
-}
-
-uint8_t VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::SizeToMemoryClass(VkDeviceSize size) const
-{
-    if (size > SMALL_BUFFER_SIZE)
-        return VMA_BITSCAN_MSB(size) - MEMORY_CLASS_SHIFT;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-uint16_t VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::SizeToSecondIndex(VkDeviceSize size, uint8_t memoryClass) const
-{
-    if (memoryClass == 0)
-    {
-        if (IsVirtual())
-            return static_cast<uint16_t>((size - 1) / 8);
-        else
-            return static_cast<uint16_t>((size - 1) / 64);
-    }
-    return static_cast<uint16_t>((size >> (memoryClass + MEMORY_CLASS_SHIFT - SECOND_LEVEL_INDEX)) ^ (1U << SECOND_LEVEL_INDEX));
-}
-
-uint32_t VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::GetListIndex(uint8_t memoryClass, uint16_t secondIndex) const
-{
-    if (memoryClass == 0)
-        return secondIndex;
-
-    const uint32_t index = static_cast<uint32_t>(memoryClass - 1) * (1 << SECOND_LEVEL_INDEX) + secondIndex;
-    if (IsVirtual())
-        return index + (1 << SECOND_LEVEL_INDEX);
-    else
-        return index + 4;
-}
-
-uint32_t VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::GetListIndex(VkDeviceSize size) const
-{
-    uint8_t memoryClass = SizeToMemoryClass(size);
-    return GetListIndex(memoryClass, SizeToSecondIndex(size, memoryClass));
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::RemoveFreeBlock(Block* block)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(block != m_NullBlock);
-    VMA_ASSERT(block->IsFree());
-
-    if (block->NextFree() != VMA_NULL)
-        block->NextFree()->PrevFree() = block->PrevFree();
-    if (block->PrevFree() != VMA_NULL)
-        block->PrevFree()->NextFree() = block->NextFree();
-    else
-    {
-        uint8_t memClass = SizeToMemoryClass(block->size);
-        uint16_t secondIndex = SizeToSecondIndex(block->size, memClass);
-        uint32_t index = GetListIndex(memClass, secondIndex);
-        VMA_ASSERT(m_FreeList[index] == block);
-        m_FreeList[index] = block->NextFree();
-        if (block->NextFree() == VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            m_InnerIsFreeBitmap[memClass] &= ~(1U << secondIndex);
-            if (m_InnerIsFreeBitmap[memClass] == 0)
-                m_IsFreeBitmap &= ~(1UL << memClass);
-        }
-    }
-    block->MarkTaken();
-    block->UserData() = VMA_NULL;
-    --m_BlocksFreeCount;
-    m_BlocksFreeSize -= block->size;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::InsertFreeBlock(Block* block)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(block != m_NullBlock);
-    VMA_ASSERT(!block->IsFree() && "Cannot insert block twice!");
-
-    uint8_t memClass = SizeToMemoryClass(block->size);
-    uint16_t secondIndex = SizeToSecondIndex(block->size, memClass);
-    uint32_t index = GetListIndex(memClass, secondIndex);
-    block->PrevFree() = VMA_NULL;
-    block->NextFree() = m_FreeList[index];
-    m_FreeList[index] = block;
-    if (block->NextFree() != VMA_NULL)
-        block->NextFree()->PrevFree() = block;
-    else
-    {
-        m_InnerIsFreeBitmap[memClass] |= 1U << secondIndex;
-        m_IsFreeBitmap |= 1UL << memClass;
-    }
-    ++m_BlocksFreeCount;
-    m_BlocksFreeSize += block->size;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::MergeBlock(Block* block, Block* prev)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(block->prevPhysical == prev && "Cannot merge seperate physical regions!");
-    VMA_ASSERT(!prev->IsFree() && "Cannot merge block that belongs to free list!");
-
-    block->offset = prev->offset;
-    block->size += prev->size;
-    block->prevPhysical = prev->prevPhysical;
-    if (block->prevPhysical)
-        block->prevPhysical->nextPhysical = block;
-    m_BlockAllocator.Free(prev);
-}
-
-VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::Block* VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::FindFreeBlock(VkDeviceSize size, uint32_t& listIndex) const
-{
-    uint8_t memoryClass = SizeToMemoryClass(size);
-    uint32_t innerFreeMap = m_InnerIsFreeBitmap[memoryClass] & (~0U << SizeToSecondIndex(size, memoryClass));
-    if (!innerFreeMap)
-    {
-        // Check higher levels for avaiable blocks
-        uint32_t freeMap = m_IsFreeBitmap & (~0UL << (memoryClass + 1));
-        if (!freeMap)
-            return VMA_NULL; // No more memory avaible
-
-        // Find lowest free region
-        memoryClass = VMA_BITSCAN_LSB(freeMap);
-        innerFreeMap = m_InnerIsFreeBitmap[memoryClass];
-        VMA_ASSERT(innerFreeMap != 0);
-    }
-    // Find lowest free subregion
-    listIndex = GetListIndex(memoryClass, VMA_BITSCAN_LSB(innerFreeMap));
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_FreeList[listIndex]);
-    return m_FreeList[listIndex];
-}
-
-bool VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::CheckBlock(
-    Block& block,
-    uint32_t listIndex,
-    VkDeviceSize allocSize,
-    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
-    VmaSuballocationType allocType,
-    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(block.IsFree() && "Block is already taken!");
-
-    VkDeviceSize alignedOffset = VmaAlignUp(block.offset, allocAlignment);
-    if (block.size < allocSize + alignedOffset - block.offset)
-        return false;
-
-    // Check for granularity conflicts
-    if (!IsVirtual() &&
-        m_GranularityHandler.CheckConflictAndAlignUp(alignedOffset, allocSize, block.offset, block.size, allocType))
-        return false;
-
-    // Alloc successful
-    pAllocationRequest->type = VmaAllocationRequestType::TLSF;
-    pAllocationRequest->allocHandle = (VmaAllocHandle)&block;
-    pAllocationRequest->size = allocSize - GetDebugMargin();
-    pAllocationRequest->customData = (void*)allocType;
-    pAllocationRequest->algorithmData = alignedOffset;
-
-    // Place block at the start of list if it's normal block
-    if (listIndex != m_ListsCount && block.PrevFree())
-    {
-        block.PrevFree()->NextFree() = block.NextFree();
-        if (block.NextFree())
-            block.NextFree()->PrevFree() = block.PrevFree();
-        block.PrevFree() = VMA_NULL;
-        block.NextFree() = m_FreeList[listIndex];
-        m_FreeList[listIndex] = &block;
-        if (block.NextFree())
-            block.NextFree()->PrevFree() = &block;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_TLSF_FUNCTIONS
-#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_TLSF
-
-#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_VECTOR
-/*
-Sequence of VmaDeviceMemoryBlock. Represents memory blocks allocated for a specific
-Vulkan memory type.
-
-Synchronized internally with a mutex.
-*/
-class VmaBlockVector
-{
-    friend class VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic;
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaBlockVector)
-public:
-    VmaBlockVector(
-        VmaAllocator hAllocator,
-        VmaPool hParentPool,
-        uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,
-        VkDeviceSize preferredBlockSize,
-        size_t minBlockCount,
-        size_t maxBlockCount,
-        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,
-        bool explicitBlockSize,
-        uint32_t algorithm,
-        float priority,
-        VkDeviceSize minAllocationAlignment,
-        void* pMemoryAllocateNext);
-    ~VmaBlockVector();
-
-    VmaAllocator GetAllocator() const { return m_hAllocator; }
-    VmaPool GetParentPool() const { return m_hParentPool; }
-    bool IsCustomPool() const { return m_hParentPool != VMA_NULL; }
-    uint32_t GetMemoryTypeIndex() const { return m_MemoryTypeIndex; }
-    VkDeviceSize GetPreferredBlockSize() const { return m_PreferredBlockSize; }
-    VkDeviceSize GetBufferImageGranularity() const { return m_BufferImageGranularity; }
-    uint32_t GetAlgorithm() const { return m_Algorithm; }
-    bool HasExplicitBlockSize() const { return m_ExplicitBlockSize; }
-    float GetPriority() const { return m_Priority; }
-    void* const GetAllocationNextPtr() const { return m_pMemoryAllocateNext; }
-
-    VkResult CreateMinBlocks();
-    void AddPoolStats(VmaPoolStats* pStats);
-    bool IsEmpty();
-    bool IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled() const;
-
-    VkResult Allocate(
-        VkDeviceSize size,
-        VkDeviceSize alignment,
-        const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,
-        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
-        size_t allocationCount,
-        VmaAllocation* pAllocations);
-
-    void Free(const VmaAllocation hAllocation);
-    // Adds statistics of this BlockVector to pStats.
-    void AddStats(VmaStats* pStats);
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-    void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json);
-#endif
-
-    VkResult CheckCorruption();
-
-    // Saves results in pCtx->res.
-    void Defragment(
-        class VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pCtx,
-        VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats, VmaDefragmentationFlags flags,
-        VkDeviceSize& maxCpuBytesToMove, uint32_t& maxCpuAllocationsToMove,
-        VkDeviceSize& maxGpuBytesToMove, uint32_t& maxGpuAllocationsToMove,
-        VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer);
-    void DefragmentationEnd(
-        class VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pCtx,
-        uint32_t flags,
-        VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats);
-
-    uint32_t ProcessDefragmentations(
-        class VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pCtx,
-        VmaDefragmentationPassMoveInfo* pMove, uint32_t maxMoves);
-
-    void CommitDefragmentations(
-        class VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pCtx,
-        VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats);
-
-    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // To be used only while the m_Mutex is locked. Used during defragmentation.
-
-    size_t GetBlockCount() const { return m_Blocks.size(); }
-    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* GetBlock(size_t index) const { return m_Blocks[index]; }
-    size_t CalcAllocationCount() const;
-    bool IsBufferImageGranularityConflictPossible() const;
-
-private:
-    const VmaAllocator m_hAllocator;
-    const VmaPool m_hParentPool;
-    const uint32_t m_MemoryTypeIndex;
-    const VkDeviceSize m_PreferredBlockSize;
-    const size_t m_MinBlockCount;
-    const size_t m_MaxBlockCount;
-    const VkDeviceSize m_BufferImageGranularity;
-    const bool m_ExplicitBlockSize;
-    const uint32_t m_Algorithm;
-    const float m_Priority;
-    const VkDeviceSize m_MinAllocationAlignment;
-
-    void* const m_pMemoryAllocateNext;
-    VMA_RW_MUTEX m_Mutex;
-    /* There can be at most one allocation that is completely empty (except when minBlockCount > 0) -
-    a hysteresis to avoid pessimistic case of alternating creation and destruction of a VkDeviceMemory. */
-    bool m_HasEmptyBlock;
-    // Incrementally sorted by sumFreeSize, ascending.
-    VmaVector<VmaDeviceMemoryBlock*, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDeviceMemoryBlock*>> m_Blocks;
-    uint32_t m_NextBlockId;
-
-    VkDeviceSize CalcMaxBlockSize() const;
-    // Finds and removes given block from vector.
-    void Remove(VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock);
-    // Performs single step in sorting m_Blocks. They may not be fully sorted
-    // after this call.
-    void IncrementallySortBlocks();
-
-    VkResult AllocatePage(
-        VkDeviceSize size,
-        VkDeviceSize alignment,
-        const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,
-        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
-        VmaAllocation* pAllocation);
-
-    VkResult AllocateFromBlock(
-        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock,
-        VkDeviceSize size,
-        VkDeviceSize alignment,
-        VmaAllocationCreateFlags allocFlags,
-        void* pUserData,
-        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
-        uint32_t strategy,
-        VmaAllocation* pAllocation);
-
-    VkResult CreateBlock(VkDeviceSize blockSize, size_t* pNewBlockIndex);
-    // Saves result to pCtx->res.
-    void ApplyDefragmentationMovesCpu(
-        VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pDefragCtx,
-        const VmaVector<VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove>>& moves);
-    // Saves result to pCtx->res.
-    void ApplyDefragmentationMovesGpu(
-        VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pDefragCtx,
-        VmaVector<VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove>>& moves,
-        VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer);
-
-    /*
-    Used during defragmentation. pDefragmentationStats is optional. It is in/out
-    - updated with new data.
-    */
-    void FreeEmptyBlocks(VmaDefragmentationStats* pDefragmentationStats);
-    void UpdateHasEmptyBlock();
-};
-#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_VECTOR
-
-#ifndef _VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_ALGORITHM
-struct VmaDefragmentationMove
-{
-    size_t srcBlockIndex;
-    size_t dstBlockIndex;
-    VkDeviceSize srcOffset;
-    VkDeviceSize dstOffset;
-    VmaAllocHandle dstHandle;
-    VkDeviceSize size;
-    VmaAllocation hAllocation;
-    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pSrcBlock;
-    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pDstBlock;
-};
-
-/*
-Performs defragmentation:
-
-- Updates `pBlockVector->m_pMetadata`.
-- Updates allocations by calling ChangeBlockAllocation() or ChangeOffset().
-- Does not move actual data, only returns requested moves as `moves`.
-*/
-class VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm
-{
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm)
-public:
-    VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm(
-        VmaAllocator hAllocator,
-        VmaBlockVector* pBlockVector)
-        : m_hAllocator(hAllocator),
-        m_pBlockVector(pBlockVector) {}
-    virtual ~VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm() = default;
-
-    virtual void AddAllocation(VmaAllocation hAlloc, VkBool32* pChanged) = 0;
-    virtual void AddAll() = 0;
-
-    virtual VkResult Defragment(
-        VmaVector<VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove>>& moves,
-        VkDeviceSize maxBytesToMove,
-        uint32_t maxAllocationsToMove,
-        VmaDefragmentationFlags flags) = 0;
-
-    virtual VkDeviceSize GetBytesMoved() const = 0;
-    virtual uint32_t GetAllocationsMoved() const = 0;
-
-protected:
-    struct AllocationInfo
-    {
-        VmaAllocation m_hAllocation;
-        VkBool32* m_pChanged;
-
-        AllocationInfo() : m_hAllocation(VK_NULL_HANDLE), m_pChanged(VMA_NULL) {}
-        AllocationInfo(VmaAllocation hAlloc, VkBool32* pChanged) : m_hAllocation(hAlloc), m_pChanged(pChanged) {}
-    };
-
-    VmaAllocator const m_hAllocator;
-    VmaBlockVector* const m_pBlockVector;
-};
-
-#endif // _VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_ALGORITHM
-
-#ifndef _VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_ALGORITHM_GENERIC
-class VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic : public VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm
-{
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic)
-public:
-    VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic(
-        VmaAllocator hAllocator,
-        VmaBlockVector* pBlockVector,
-        bool overlappingMoveSupported);
-    virtual ~VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic();
-
-    virtual void AddAll() { m_AllAllocations = true; }
-    virtual VkDeviceSize GetBytesMoved() const { return m_BytesMoved; }
-    virtual uint32_t GetAllocationsMoved() const { return m_AllocationsMoved; }
-
-    virtual void AddAllocation(VmaAllocation hAlloc, VkBool32* pChanged);
-    virtual VkResult Defragment(
-        VmaVector<VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove>>& moves,
-        VkDeviceSize maxBytesToMove,
-        uint32_t maxAllocationsToMove,
-        VmaDefragmentationFlags flags);
-
-private:
-    struct AllocationInfoSizeGreater
-    {
-        bool operator()(const AllocationInfo& lhs, const AllocationInfo& rhs) const;
-    };
-    struct AllocationInfoOffsetGreater
-    {
-        bool operator()(const AllocationInfo& lhs, const AllocationInfo& rhs) const;
-    };
-    struct BlockInfo
-    {
-        size_t m_OriginalBlockIndex;
-        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* m_pBlock;
-        bool m_HasNonMovableAllocations;
-        VmaVector<AllocationInfo, VmaStlAllocator<AllocationInfo>> m_Allocations;
-
-        BlockInfo(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
-
-        void CalcHasNonMovableAllocations();
-        void SortAllocationsBySizeDescending();
-        void SortAllocationsByOffsetDescending();
-    };
-    struct BlockPointerLess
-    {
-        bool operator()(const BlockInfo* pLhsBlockInfo, const VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pRhsBlock) const;
-        bool operator()(const BlockInfo* pLhsBlockInfo, const BlockInfo* pRhsBlockInfo) const;
-    };
-    // 1. Blocks with some non-movable allocations go first.
-    // 2. Blocks with smaller sumFreeSize go first.
-    struct BlockInfoCompareMoveDestination
-    {
-        bool operator()(const BlockInfo* pLhsBlockInfo, const BlockInfo* pRhsBlockInfo) const;
-    };
-    typedef VmaVector<BlockInfo*, VmaStlAllocator<BlockInfo*>> BlockInfoVector;
-
-    BlockInfoVector m_Blocks;
-    uint32_t m_AllocationCount;
-    bool m_AllAllocations;
-    VkDeviceSize m_BytesMoved;
-    uint32_t m_AllocationsMoved;
-
-    static bool MoveMakesSense(
-        size_t dstBlockIndex, VkDeviceSize dstOffset,
-        size_t srcBlockIndex, VkDeviceSize srcOffset);
-
-    size_t CalcBlocksWithNonMovableCount() const;
-    VkResult DefragmentRound(
-        VmaVector<VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove>>& moves,
-        VkDeviceSize maxBytesToMove,
-        uint32_t maxAllocationsToMove,
-        bool freeOldAllocations);
-};
-#endif // _VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_ALGORITHM_GENERIC
-
-#ifndef _VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_ALGORITHM_FAST
-class VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast : public VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm
-{
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast)
-public:
-    VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast(
-        VmaAllocator hAllocator,
-        VmaBlockVector* pBlockVector,
-        bool overlappingMoveSupported);
-    virtual ~VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast() = default;
-
-    virtual void AddAll() { m_AllAllocations = true; }
-    virtual VkDeviceSize GetBytesMoved() const { return m_BytesMoved; }
-    virtual uint32_t GetAllocationsMoved() const { return m_AllocationsMoved; }
-    virtual void AddAllocation(VmaAllocation hAlloc, VkBool32* pChanged) { ++m_AllocationCount; }
-
-    virtual VkResult Defragment(
-        VmaVector< VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove> >& moves,
-        VkDeviceSize maxBytesToMove,
-        uint32_t maxAllocationsToMove,
-        VmaDefragmentationFlags flags);
-
-private:
-    struct BlockInfo
-    {
-        size_t origBlockIndex;
-    };
-    class FreeSpaceDatabase
-    {
-    public:
-        FreeSpaceDatabase();
-
-        void Register(size_t blockInfoIndex, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size);
-        bool Fetch(VkDeviceSize alignment, VkDeviceSize size,
-            size_t& outBlockInfoIndex, VkDeviceSize& outDstOffset);
-
-    private:
-        static const size_t MAX_COUNT = 4;
-
-        struct FreeSpace
-        {
-            size_t blockInfoIndex; // SIZE_MAX means this structure is invalid. 
-            VkDeviceSize offset;
-            VkDeviceSize size;
-        } m_FreeSpaces[MAX_COUNT];
-    };
-
-    const bool m_OverlappingMoveSupported;
-
-    uint32_t m_AllocationCount;
-    bool m_AllAllocations;
-    VkDeviceSize m_BytesMoved;
-    uint32_t m_AllocationsMoved;
-
-    VmaVector<BlockInfo, VmaStlAllocator<BlockInfo>> m_BlockInfos;
-
-    void PreprocessMetadata();
-    void PostprocessMetadata();
-    void InsertSuballoc(VmaBlockMetadata_Generic* pMetadata, const VmaSuballocation& suballoc);
-};
-#endif // _VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_ALGORITHM_FAST
-
-#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_VECTOR_DEFRAGMENTATION_CONTEXT
-struct VmaBlockDefragmentationContext
-{
-    enum BLOCK_FLAG
-    {
-        BLOCK_FLAG_USED = 0x00000001,
-    };
-    uint32_t flags;
-    VkBuffer hBuffer;
-};
-
-class VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext
-{
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext)
-public:
-    VkResult res;
-    bool mutexLocked;
-    VmaVector<VmaBlockDefragmentationContext, VmaStlAllocator<VmaBlockDefragmentationContext>> blockContexts;
-    VmaVector<VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove>> defragmentationMoves;
-    uint32_t defragmentationMovesProcessed;
-    uint32_t defragmentationMovesCommitted;
-    bool hasDefragmentationPlan;
-
-    VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext(
-        VmaAllocator hAllocator,
-        VmaPool hCustomPool, // Optional.
-        VmaBlockVector* pBlockVector);
-    ~VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext();
-
-    VmaPool GetCustomPool() const { return m_hCustomPool; }
-    VmaBlockVector* GetBlockVector() const { return m_pBlockVector; }
-    VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm* GetAlgorithm() const { return m_pAlgorithm; }
-    void AddAll() { m_AllAllocations = true; }
-
-    void AddAllocation(VmaAllocation hAlloc, VkBool32* pChanged);
-    void Begin(bool overlappingMoveSupported, VmaDefragmentationFlags flags);
-
-private:
-    struct AllocInfo
-    {
-        VmaAllocation hAlloc;
-        VkBool32* pChanged;
-    };
-
-    const VmaAllocator m_hAllocator;
-    // Null if not from custom pool.
-    const VmaPool m_hCustomPool;
-    // Redundant, for convenience not to fetch from m_hCustomPool->m_BlockVector or m_hAllocator->m_pBlockVectors.
-    VmaBlockVector* const m_pBlockVector;
-    // Owner of this object.
-    VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm* m_pAlgorithm;
-    // Used between constructor and Begin.
-    VmaVector<AllocInfo, VmaStlAllocator<AllocInfo>> m_Allocations;
-    bool m_AllAllocations;
-};
-#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_VECTOR_DEFRAGMENTATION_CONTEXT
-
-#ifndef _VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_CONTEXT
-struct VmaDefragmentationContext_T
-{
-private:
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaDefragmentationContext_T)
-public:
-    VmaDefragmentationContext_T(
-        VmaAllocator hAllocator,
-        uint32_t flags,
-        VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats);
-    ~VmaDefragmentationContext_T();
-
-    void AddPools(uint32_t poolCount, const VmaPool* pPools);
-    void AddAllocations(
-        uint32_t allocationCount,
-        const VmaAllocation* pAllocations,
-        VkBool32* pAllocationsChanged);
-
-    /*
-    Returns:
-    - `VK_SUCCESS` if succeeded and object can be destroyed immediately.
-    - `VK_NOT_READY` if succeeded but the object must remain alive until vmaDefragmentationEnd().
-    - Negative value if error occurred and object can be destroyed immediately.
-    */
-    VkResult Defragment(
-        VkDeviceSize maxCpuBytesToMove, uint32_t maxCpuAllocationsToMove,
-        VkDeviceSize maxGpuBytesToMove, uint32_t maxGpuAllocationsToMove,
-        VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats, VmaDefragmentationFlags flags);
-
-    VkResult DefragmentPassBegin(VmaDefragmentationPassInfo* pInfo);
-    VkResult DefragmentPassEnd();
-
-private:
-    const VmaAllocator m_hAllocator;
-    const uint32_t m_Flags;
-    VmaDefragmentationStats* const m_pStats;
-
-    VkDeviceSize m_MaxCpuBytesToMove;
-    uint32_t m_MaxCpuAllocationsToMove;
-    VkDeviceSize m_MaxGpuBytesToMove;
-    uint32_t m_MaxGpuAllocationsToMove;
-
-    // Owner of these objects.
-    VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* m_DefaultPoolContexts[VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES];
-    // Owner of these objects.
-    VmaVector<VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext*, VmaStlAllocator<VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext*>> m_CustomPoolContexts;
-};
-#endif // _VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_CONTEXT
-
-#ifndef _VMA_POOL_T
-struct VmaPool_T
-{
-    friend struct VmaPoolListItemTraits;
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaPool_T)
-public:
-    VmaBlockVector m_BlockVector;
-    VmaDedicatedAllocationList m_DedicatedAllocations;
-
-    VmaPool_T(
-        VmaAllocator hAllocator,
-        const VmaPoolCreateInfo& createInfo,
-        VkDeviceSize preferredBlockSize);
-    ~VmaPool_T();
-
-    uint32_t GetId() const { return m_Id; }
-    void SetId(uint32_t id) { VMA_ASSERT(m_Id == 0); m_Id = id; }
-
-    const char* GetName() const { return m_Name; }
-    void SetName(const char* pName);
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-    //void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaStringBuilder& sb);
-#endif
-
-private:
-    uint32_t m_Id;
-    char* m_Name;
-    VmaPool_T* m_PrevPool = VMA_NULL;
-    VmaPool_T* m_NextPool = VMA_NULL;
-};
-
-struct VmaPoolListItemTraits
-{
-    typedef VmaPool_T ItemType;
-
-    static ItemType* GetPrev(const ItemType* item) { return item->m_PrevPool; }
-    static ItemType* GetNext(const ItemType* item) { return item->m_NextPool; }
-    static ItemType*& AccessPrev(ItemType* item) { return item->m_PrevPool; }
-    static ItemType*& AccessNext(ItemType* item) { return item->m_NextPool; }
-};
-#endif // _VMA_POOL_T
-
-#ifndef _VMA_CURRENT_BUDGET_DATA
-struct VmaCurrentBudgetData
-{
-    VMA_ATOMIC_UINT64 m_BlockBytes[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];
-    VMA_ATOMIC_UINT64 m_AllocationBytes[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];
-
-#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
-    VMA_ATOMIC_UINT32 m_OperationsSinceBudgetFetch;
-    VMA_RW_MUTEX m_BudgetMutex;
-    uint64_t m_VulkanUsage[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];
-    uint64_t m_VulkanBudget[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];
-    uint64_t m_BlockBytesAtBudgetFetch[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];
-#endif // VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
-
-    VmaCurrentBudgetData();
-
-    void AddAllocation(uint32_t heapIndex, VkDeviceSize allocationSize);
-    void RemoveAllocation(uint32_t heapIndex, VkDeviceSize allocationSize);
-};
-
-#ifndef _VMA_CURRENT_BUDGET_DATA_FUNCTIONS
-VmaCurrentBudgetData::VmaCurrentBudgetData()
-{
-    for (uint32_t heapIndex = 0; heapIndex < VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS; ++heapIndex)
-    {
-        m_BlockBytes[heapIndex] = 0;
-        m_AllocationBytes[heapIndex] = 0;
-#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
-        m_VulkanUsage[heapIndex] = 0;
-        m_VulkanBudget[heapIndex] = 0;
-        m_BlockBytesAtBudgetFetch[heapIndex] = 0;
-#endif
-    }
-
-#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
-    m_OperationsSinceBudgetFetch = 0;
-#endif
-}
-
-void VmaCurrentBudgetData::AddAllocation(uint32_t heapIndex, VkDeviceSize allocationSize)
-{
-    m_AllocationBytes[heapIndex] += allocationSize;
-#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
-    ++m_OperationsSinceBudgetFetch;
-#endif
-}
-
-void VmaCurrentBudgetData::RemoveAllocation(uint32_t heapIndex, VkDeviceSize allocationSize)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_AllocationBytes[heapIndex] >= allocationSize);
-    m_AllocationBytes[heapIndex] -= allocationSize;
-#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
-    ++m_OperationsSinceBudgetFetch;
-#endif
-}
-#endif // _VMA_CURRENT_BUDGET_DATA_FUNCTIONS
-#endif // _VMA_CURRENT_BUDGET_DATA
-
-#ifndef _VMA_ALLOCATION_OBJECT_ALLOCATOR
-/*
-Thread-safe wrapper over VmaPoolAllocator free list, for allocation of VmaAllocation_T objects.
-*/
-class VmaAllocationObjectAllocator
-{
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaAllocationObjectAllocator)
-public:
-    VmaAllocationObjectAllocator(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
-        : m_Allocator(pAllocationCallbacks, 1024) {}
-
-    template<typename... Types> VmaAllocation Allocate(Types&&... args);
-    void Free(VmaAllocation hAlloc);
-
-private:
-    VMA_MUTEX m_Mutex;
-    VmaPoolAllocator<VmaAllocation_T> m_Allocator;
-};
-
-template<typename... Types>
-VmaAllocation VmaAllocationObjectAllocator::Allocate(Types&&... args)
-{
-    VmaMutexLock mutexLock(m_Mutex);
-    return m_Allocator.Alloc<Types...>(std::forward<Types>(args)...);
-}
-
-void VmaAllocationObjectAllocator::Free(VmaAllocation hAlloc)
-{
-    VmaMutexLock mutexLock(m_Mutex);
-    m_Allocator.Free(hAlloc);
-}
-#endif // _VMA_ALLOCATION_OBJECT_ALLOCATOR
-
-#ifndef _VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_T
-struct VmaVirtualBlock_T
-{
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaVirtualBlock_T)
-public:
-    const bool m_AllocationCallbacksSpecified;
-    const VkAllocationCallbacks m_AllocationCallbacks;
-
-    VmaVirtualBlock_T(const VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo& createInfo);
-    ~VmaVirtualBlock_T();
-
-    VkResult Init() { return VK_SUCCESS; }
-    bool IsEmpty() const { return m_Metadata->IsEmpty(); }
-    void Free(VmaVirtualAllocation allocation) { m_Metadata->Free((VmaAllocHandle)allocation); }
-    void SetAllocationUserData(VmaVirtualAllocation allocation, void* userData) { m_Metadata->SetAllocationUserData((VmaAllocHandle)allocation, userData); }
-    void Clear() { m_Metadata->Clear(); }
-
-    const VkAllocationCallbacks* GetAllocationCallbacks() const;
-    void GetAllocationInfo(VmaVirtualAllocation allocation, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo);
-    VkResult Allocate(const VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo, VmaVirtualAllocation& outAllocation,
-        VkDeviceSize* outOffset);
-    void CalculateStats(VmaStatInfo& outStatInfo) const;
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-    void BuildStatsString(bool detailedMap, VmaStringBuilder& sb) const;
-#endif
-
-private:
-    VmaBlockMetadata* m_Metadata;
-};
-
-#ifndef _VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_T_FUNCTIONS
-VmaVirtualBlock_T::VmaVirtualBlock_T(const VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo& createInfo)
-    : m_AllocationCallbacksSpecified(createInfo.pAllocationCallbacks != VMA_NULL),
-    m_AllocationCallbacks(createInfo.pAllocationCallbacks != VMA_NULL ? *createInfo.pAllocationCallbacks : VmaEmptyAllocationCallbacks)
-{
-    const uint32_t algorithm = createInfo.flags & VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_ALGORITHM_MASK;
-    switch (algorithm)
-    {
-    case 0:
-        m_Metadata = vma_new(GetAllocationCallbacks(), VmaBlockMetadata_Generic)(VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, true);
-        break;
-    case VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_BUDDY_ALGORITHM_BIT:
-        m_Metadata = vma_new(GetAllocationCallbacks(), VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy)(VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, true);
-        break;
-    case VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT:
-        m_Metadata = vma_new(GetAllocationCallbacks(), VmaBlockMetadata_Linear)(VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, true);
-        break;
-    case VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_TLSF_ALGORITHM_BIT:
-        m_Metadata = vma_new(GetAllocationCallbacks(), VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF)(VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, true);
-        break;
-    default:
-        VMA_ASSERT(0);
-    }
-
-    m_Metadata->Init(createInfo.size);
-}
-
-VmaVirtualBlock_T::~VmaVirtualBlock_T()
-{
-    // Define macro VMA_DEBUG_LOG to receive the list of the unfreed allocations
-    if (!m_Metadata->IsEmpty())
-        m_Metadata->DebugLogAllAllocations();
-    // This is the most important assert in the entire library.
-    // Hitting it means you have some memory leak - unreleased virtual allocations.
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_Metadata->IsEmpty() && "Some virtual allocations were not freed before destruction of this virtual block!");
-
-    vma_delete(GetAllocationCallbacks(), m_Metadata);
-}
-
-const VkAllocationCallbacks* VmaVirtualBlock_T::GetAllocationCallbacks() const
-{
-    return m_AllocationCallbacksSpecified ? &m_AllocationCallbacks : VMA_NULL;
-}
-
-void VmaVirtualBlock_T::GetAllocationInfo(VmaVirtualAllocation allocation, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo)
-{
-    m_Metadata->GetAllocationInfo((VmaAllocHandle)allocation, outInfo);
-}
-
-VkResult VmaVirtualBlock_T::Allocate(const VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo, VmaVirtualAllocation& outAllocation,
-    VkDeviceSize* outOffset)
-{
-    VmaAllocationRequest request = {};
-    if (m_Metadata->CreateAllocationRequest(
-        createInfo.size, // allocSize
-        VMA_MAX(createInfo.alignment, (VkDeviceSize)1), // allocAlignment
-        (createInfo.flags & VMA_VIRTUAL_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT) != 0, // upperAddress
-        VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN, // allocType - unimportant
-        createInfo.flags & VMA_VIRTUAL_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MASK, // strategy
-        &request))
-    {
-        m_Metadata->Alloc(request,
-            VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN, // type - unimportant
-            createInfo.pUserData);
-        outAllocation = (VmaVirtualAllocation)request.allocHandle;
-        if(outOffset)
-            *outOffset = m_Metadata->GetAllocationOffset(request.allocHandle);
-        return VK_SUCCESS;
-    }
-    outAllocation = (VmaVirtualAllocation)VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    if (outOffset)
-        *outOffset = UINT64_MAX;
-    return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;
-}
-
-void VmaVirtualBlock_T::CalculateStats(VmaStatInfo& outStatInfo) const
-{
-    m_Metadata->CalcAllocationStatInfo(outStatInfo);
-    VmaPostprocessCalcStatInfo(outStatInfo);
-}
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-void VmaVirtualBlock_T::BuildStatsString(bool detailedMap, VmaStringBuilder& sb) const
-{
-    VmaJsonWriter json(GetAllocationCallbacks(), sb);
-    json.BeginObject();
-
-    VmaStatInfo stat = {};
-    CalculateStats(stat);
-
-    json.WriteString("Stats");
-    VmaPrintStatInfo(json, stat);
-
-    if (detailedMap)
-    {
-        json.WriteString("Details");
-        m_Metadata->PrintDetailedMap(json);
-    }
-
-    json.EndObject();
-}
-#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-#endif // _VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_T_FUNCTIONS
-#endif // _VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_T
-
-// Main allocator object.
-struct VmaAllocator_T
-{
-    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaAllocator_T)
-public:
-    bool m_UseMutex;
-    uint32_t m_VulkanApiVersion;
-    bool m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation; // Can be set only if m_VulkanApiVersion < VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0).
-    bool m_UseKhrBindMemory2; // Can be set only if m_VulkanApiVersion < VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0).
-    bool m_UseExtMemoryBudget;
-    bool m_UseAmdDeviceCoherentMemory;
-    bool m_UseKhrBufferDeviceAddress;
-    bool m_UseExtMemoryPriority;
-    VkDevice m_hDevice;
-    VkInstance m_hInstance;
-    bool m_AllocationCallbacksSpecified;
-    VkAllocationCallbacks m_AllocationCallbacks;
-    VmaDeviceMemoryCallbacks m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks;
-    VmaAllocationObjectAllocator m_AllocationObjectAllocator;
-
-    // Each bit (1 << i) is set if HeapSizeLimit is enabled for that heap, so cannot allocate more than the heap size.
-    uint32_t m_HeapSizeLimitMask;
-
-    VkPhysicalDeviceProperties m_PhysicalDeviceProperties;
-    VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties m_MemProps;
-
-    // Default pools.
-    VmaBlockVector* m_pBlockVectors[VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES];
-    VmaDedicatedAllocationList m_DedicatedAllocations[VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES];
-
-    VmaCurrentBudgetData m_Budget;
-    VMA_ATOMIC_UINT32 m_DeviceMemoryCount; // Total number of VkDeviceMemory objects.
-
-    VmaAllocator_T(const VmaAllocatorCreateInfo* pCreateInfo);
-    VkResult Init(const VmaAllocatorCreateInfo* pCreateInfo);
-    ~VmaAllocator_T();
-
-    const VkAllocationCallbacks* GetAllocationCallbacks() const
-    {
-        return m_AllocationCallbacksSpecified ? &m_AllocationCallbacks : VMA_NULL;
-    }
-    const VmaVulkanFunctions& GetVulkanFunctions() const
-    {
-        return m_VulkanFunctions;
-    }
-
-    VkPhysicalDevice GetPhysicalDevice() const { return m_PhysicalDevice; }
-
-    VkDeviceSize GetBufferImageGranularity() const
-    {
-        return VMA_MAX(
-            static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(VMA_DEBUG_MIN_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY),
-            m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.bufferImageGranularity);
-    }
-
-    uint32_t GetMemoryHeapCount() const { return m_MemProps.memoryHeapCount; }
-    uint32_t GetMemoryTypeCount() const { return m_MemProps.memoryTypeCount; }
-
-    uint32_t MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(uint32_t memTypeIndex) const
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(memTypeIndex < m_MemProps.memoryTypeCount);
-        return m_MemProps.memoryTypes[memTypeIndex].heapIndex;
-    }
-    // True when specific memory type is HOST_VISIBLE but not HOST_COHERENT.
-    bool IsMemoryTypeNonCoherent(uint32_t memTypeIndex) const
-    {
-        return (m_MemProps.memoryTypes[memTypeIndex].propertyFlags & (VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT)) ==
-            VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT;
-    }
-    // Minimum alignment for all allocations in specific memory type.
-    VkDeviceSize GetMemoryTypeMinAlignment(uint32_t memTypeIndex) const
-    {
-        return IsMemoryTypeNonCoherent(memTypeIndex) ?
-            VMA_MAX((VkDeviceSize)VMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT, m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.nonCoherentAtomSize) :
-            (VkDeviceSize)VMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT;
-    }
-
-    bool IsIntegratedGpu() const
-    {
-        return m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.deviceType == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_INTEGRATED_GPU;
-    }
-
-    uint32_t GetGlobalMemoryTypeBits() const { return m_GlobalMemoryTypeBits; }
-
-    void GetBufferMemoryRequirements(
-        VkBuffer hBuffer,
-        VkMemoryRequirements& memReq,
-        bool& requiresDedicatedAllocation,
-        bool& prefersDedicatedAllocation) const;
-    void GetImageMemoryRequirements(
-        VkImage hImage,
-        VkMemoryRequirements& memReq,
-        bool& requiresDedicatedAllocation,
-        bool& prefersDedicatedAllocation) const;
-
-    // Main allocation function.
-    VkResult AllocateMemory(
-        const VkMemoryRequirements& vkMemReq,
-        bool requiresDedicatedAllocation,
-        bool prefersDedicatedAllocation,
-        VkBuffer dedicatedBuffer,
-        VkBufferUsageFlags dedicatedBufferUsage, // UINT32_MAX when unknown.
-        VkImage dedicatedImage,
-        const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,
-        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
-        size_t allocationCount,
-        VmaAllocation* pAllocations);
-
-    // Main deallocation function.
-    void FreeMemory(
-        size_t allocationCount,
-        const VmaAllocation* pAllocations);
-
-    void CalculateStats(VmaStats* pStats);
-
-    void GetHeapBudgets(
-        VmaBudget* outBudgets, uint32_t firstHeap, uint32_t heapCount);
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-    void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json);
-#endif
-
-    VkResult DefragmentationBegin(
-        const VmaDefragmentationInfo2& info,
-        VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats,
-        VmaDefragmentationContext* pContext);
-    VkResult DefragmentationEnd(
-        VmaDefragmentationContext context);
-
-    VkResult DefragmentationPassBegin(
-        VmaDefragmentationPassInfo* pInfo,
-        VmaDefragmentationContext context);
-    VkResult DefragmentationPassEnd(
-        VmaDefragmentationContext context);
-
-    void GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocation hAllocation, VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo);
-
-    VkResult CreatePool(const VmaPoolCreateInfo* pCreateInfo, VmaPool* pPool);
-    void DestroyPool(VmaPool pool);
-    void GetPoolStats(VmaPool pool, VmaPoolStats* pPoolStats);
-
-    void SetCurrentFrameIndex(uint32_t frameIndex);
-    uint32_t GetCurrentFrameIndex() const { return m_CurrentFrameIndex.load(); }
-
-    VkResult CheckPoolCorruption(VmaPool hPool);
-    VkResult CheckCorruption(uint32_t memoryTypeBits);
-
-    // Call to Vulkan function vkAllocateMemory with accompanying bookkeeping.
-    VkResult AllocateVulkanMemory(const VkMemoryAllocateInfo* pAllocateInfo, VkDeviceMemory* pMemory);
-    // Call to Vulkan function vkFreeMemory with accompanying bookkeeping.
-    void FreeVulkanMemory(uint32_t memoryType, VkDeviceSize size, VkDeviceMemory hMemory);
-    // Call to Vulkan function vkBindBufferMemory or vkBindBufferMemory2KHR.
-    VkResult BindVulkanBuffer(
-        VkDeviceMemory memory,
-        VkDeviceSize memoryOffset,
-        VkBuffer buffer,
-        const void* pNext);
-    // Call to Vulkan function vkBindImageMemory or vkBindImageMemory2KHR.
-    VkResult BindVulkanImage(
-        VkDeviceMemory memory,
-        VkDeviceSize memoryOffset,
-        VkImage image,
-        const void* pNext);
-
-    VkResult Map(VmaAllocation hAllocation, void** ppData);
-    void Unmap(VmaAllocation hAllocation);
-
-    VkResult BindBufferMemory(
-        VmaAllocation hAllocation,
-        VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
-        VkBuffer hBuffer,
-        const void* pNext);
-    VkResult BindImageMemory(
-        VmaAllocation hAllocation,
-        VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
-        VkImage hImage,
-        const void* pNext);
-
-    VkResult FlushOrInvalidateAllocation(
-        VmaAllocation hAllocation,
-        VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size,
-        VMA_CACHE_OPERATION op);
-    VkResult FlushOrInvalidateAllocations(
-        uint32_t allocationCount,
-        const VmaAllocation* allocations,
-        const VkDeviceSize* offsets, const VkDeviceSize* sizes,
-        VMA_CACHE_OPERATION op);
-
-    void FillAllocation(const VmaAllocation hAllocation, uint8_t pattern);
-
-    /*
-    Returns bit mask of memory types that can support defragmentation on GPU as
-    they support creation of required buffer for copy operations.
-    */
-    uint32_t GetGpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits();
-
-#if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
-    VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagsKHR GetExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlags(uint32_t memTypeIndex) const
-    {
-        return m_TypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes[memTypeIndex];
-    }
-#endif // #if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
-
-private:
-    VkDeviceSize m_PreferredLargeHeapBlockSize;
-
-    VkPhysicalDevice m_PhysicalDevice;
-    VMA_ATOMIC_UINT32 m_CurrentFrameIndex;
-    VMA_ATOMIC_UINT32 m_GpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits; // UINT32_MAX means uninitialized.
-#if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
-    VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagsKHR m_TypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes[VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES];
-#endif // #if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
-
-    VMA_RW_MUTEX m_PoolsMutex;
-    typedef VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<VmaPoolListItemTraits> PoolList;
-    // Protected by m_PoolsMutex.
-    PoolList m_Pools;
-    uint32_t m_NextPoolId;
-
-    VmaVulkanFunctions m_VulkanFunctions;
-
-    // Global bit mask AND-ed with any memoryTypeBits to disallow certain memory types.
-    uint32_t m_GlobalMemoryTypeBits;
-
-    void ImportVulkanFunctions(const VmaVulkanFunctions* pVulkanFunctions);
-
-#if VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS == 1
-    void ImportVulkanFunctions_Static();
-#endif
-
-    void ImportVulkanFunctions_Custom(const VmaVulkanFunctions* pVulkanFunctions);
-
-#if VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS == 1
-    void ImportVulkanFunctions_Dynamic();
-#endif
-
-    void ValidateVulkanFunctions();
-
-    VkDeviceSize CalcPreferredBlockSize(uint32_t memTypeIndex);
-
-    VkResult AllocateMemoryOfType(
-        VmaPool pool,
-        VkDeviceSize size,
-        VkDeviceSize alignment,
-        bool dedicatedPreferred,
-        VkBuffer dedicatedBuffer,
-        VkBufferUsageFlags dedicatedBufferUsage,
-        VkImage dedicatedImage,
-        const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,
-        uint32_t memTypeIndex,
-        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
-        VmaDedicatedAllocationList& dedicatedAllocations,
-        VmaBlockVector& blockVector,
-        size_t allocationCount,
-        VmaAllocation* pAllocations);
-
-    // Helper function only to be used inside AllocateDedicatedMemory.
-    VkResult AllocateDedicatedMemoryPage(
-        VmaPool pool,
-        VkDeviceSize size,
-        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
-        uint32_t memTypeIndex,
-        const VkMemoryAllocateInfo& allocInfo,
-        bool map,
-        bool isUserDataString,
-        void* pUserData,
-        VmaAllocation* pAllocation);
-
-    // Allocates and registers new VkDeviceMemory specifically for dedicated allocations.
-    VkResult AllocateDedicatedMemory(
-        VmaPool pool,
-        VkDeviceSize size,
-        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
-        VmaDedicatedAllocationList& dedicatedAllocations,
-        uint32_t memTypeIndex,
-        bool map,
-        bool isUserDataString,
-        bool canAliasMemory,
-        void* pUserData,
-        float priority,
-        VkBuffer dedicatedBuffer,
-        VkBufferUsageFlags dedicatedBufferUsage,
-        VkImage dedicatedImage,
-        size_t allocationCount,
-        VmaAllocation* pAllocations,
-        const void* pNextChain = nullptr);
-
-    void FreeDedicatedMemory(const VmaAllocation allocation);
-
-    VkResult CalcMemTypeParams(
-        VmaAllocationCreateInfo& outCreateInfo,
-        uint32_t memTypeIndex,
-        VkDeviceSize size,
-        size_t allocationCount);
-    VkResult CalcAllocationParams(
-        VmaAllocationCreateInfo& outCreateInfo,
-        bool dedicatedRequired,
-        bool dedicatedPreferred);
-
-    /*
-    Calculates and returns bit mask of memory types that can support defragmentation
-    on GPU as they support creation of required buffer for copy operations.
-    */
-    uint32_t CalculateGpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits() const;
-    uint32_t CalculateGlobalMemoryTypeBits() const;
-
-    bool GetFlushOrInvalidateRange(
-        VmaAllocation allocation,
-        VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size,
-        VkMappedMemoryRange& outRange) const;
-
-#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
-    void UpdateVulkanBudget();
-#endif // #if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
-};
-
-
-#ifndef _VMA_MEMORY_FUNCTIONS
-static void* VmaMalloc(VmaAllocator hAllocator, size_t size, size_t alignment)
-{
-    return VmaMalloc(&hAllocator->m_AllocationCallbacks, size, alignment);
-}
-
-static void VmaFree(VmaAllocator hAllocator, void* ptr)
-{
-    VmaFree(&hAllocator->m_AllocationCallbacks, ptr);
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-static T* VmaAllocate(VmaAllocator hAllocator)
-{
-    return (T*)VmaMalloc(hAllocator, sizeof(T), VMA_ALIGN_OF(T));
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-static T* VmaAllocateArray(VmaAllocator hAllocator, size_t count)
-{
-    return (T*)VmaMalloc(hAllocator, sizeof(T) * count, VMA_ALIGN_OF(T));
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-static void vma_delete(VmaAllocator hAllocator, T* ptr)
-{
-    if(ptr != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        ptr->~T();
-        VmaFree(hAllocator, ptr);
-    }
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-static void vma_delete_array(VmaAllocator hAllocator, T* ptr, size_t count)
-{
-    if(ptr != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        for(size_t i = count; i--; )
-            ptr[i].~T();
-        VmaFree(hAllocator, ptr);
-    }
-}
-#endif // _VMA_MEMORY_FUNCTIONS
-
-#ifndef _VMA_DEVICE_MEMORY_BLOCK_FUNCTIONS
-VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::VmaDeviceMemoryBlock(VmaAllocator hAllocator)
-    : m_pMetadata(VMA_NULL),
-    m_MemoryTypeIndex(UINT32_MAX),
-    m_Id(0),
-    m_hMemory(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
-    m_MapCount(0),
-    m_pMappedData(VMA_NULL) {}
-
-VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::~VmaDeviceMemoryBlock()
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_MapCount == 0 && "VkDeviceMemory block is being destroyed while it is still mapped.");
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_hMemory == VK_NULL_HANDLE);
-}
-
-void VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::Init(
-    VmaAllocator hAllocator,
-    VmaPool hParentPool,
-    uint32_t newMemoryTypeIndex,
-    VkDeviceMemory newMemory,
-    VkDeviceSize newSize,
-    uint32_t id,
-    uint32_t algorithm,
-    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_hMemory == VK_NULL_HANDLE);
-
-    m_hParentPool = hParentPool;
-    m_MemoryTypeIndex = newMemoryTypeIndex;
-    m_Id = id;
-    m_hMemory = newMemory;
-
-    switch (algorithm)
-    {
-    case VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT:
-        m_pMetadata = vma_new(hAllocator, VmaBlockMetadata_Linear)(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(),
-            bufferImageGranularity, false); // isVirtual
-        break;
-    case VMA_POOL_CREATE_BUDDY_ALGORITHM_BIT:
-        m_pMetadata = vma_new(hAllocator, VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy)(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(),
-            bufferImageGranularity, false); // isVirtual
-        break;
-    case VMA_POOL_CREATE_TLSF_ALGORITHM_BIT:
-        m_pMetadata = vma_new(hAllocator, VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF)(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(),
-            bufferImageGranularity, false); // isVirtual
-        break;
-    default:
-        VMA_ASSERT(0);
-        // Fall-through.
-    case 0:
-        m_pMetadata = vma_new(hAllocator, VmaBlockMetadata_Generic)(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(),
-            bufferImageGranularity, false); // isVirtual
-    }
-    m_pMetadata->Init(newSize);
-}
-
-void VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::Destroy(VmaAllocator allocator)
-{
-    // Define macro VMA_DEBUG_LOG to receive the list of the unfreed allocations
-    if (!m_pMetadata->IsEmpty())
-        m_pMetadata->DebugLogAllAllocations();
-    // This is the most important assert in the entire library.
-    // Hitting it means you have some memory leak - unreleased VmaAllocation objects.
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_pMetadata->IsEmpty() && "Some allocations were not freed before destruction of this memory block!");
-
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_hMemory != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
-    allocator->FreeVulkanMemory(m_MemoryTypeIndex, m_pMetadata->GetSize(), m_hMemory);
-    m_hMemory = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-
-    vma_delete(allocator, m_pMetadata);
-    m_pMetadata = VMA_NULL;
-}
-
-bool VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::Validate() const
-{
-    VMA_VALIDATE((m_hMemory != VK_NULL_HANDLE) &&
-        (m_pMetadata->GetSize() != 0));
-
-    return m_pMetadata->Validate();
-}
-
-VkResult VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::CheckCorruption(VmaAllocator hAllocator)
-{
-    void* pData = nullptr;
-    VkResult res = Map(hAllocator, 1, &pData);
-    if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
-    {
-        return res;
-    }
-
-    res = m_pMetadata->CheckCorruption(pData);
-
-    Unmap(hAllocator, 1);
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::Map(VmaAllocator hAllocator, uint32_t count, void** ppData)
-{
-    if (count == 0)
-    {
-        return VK_SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    VmaMutexLock lock(m_Mutex, hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
-    if (m_MapCount != 0)
-    {
-        m_MapCount += count;
-        VMA_ASSERT(m_pMappedData != VMA_NULL);
-        if (ppData != VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            *ppData = m_pMappedData;
-        }
-        return VK_SUCCESS;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        VkResult result = (*hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkMapMemory)(
-            hAllocator->m_hDevice,
-            m_hMemory,
-            0, // offset
-            VK_WHOLE_SIZE,
-            0, // flags
-            &m_pMappedData);
-        if (result == VK_SUCCESS)
-        {
-            if (ppData != VMA_NULL)
-            {
-                *ppData = m_pMappedData;
-            }
-            m_MapCount = count;
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::Unmap(VmaAllocator hAllocator, uint32_t count)
-{
-    if (count == 0)
-    {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    VmaMutexLock lock(m_Mutex, hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
-    if (m_MapCount >= count)
-    {
-        m_MapCount -= count;
-        if (m_MapCount == 0)
-        {
-            m_pMappedData = VMA_NULL;
-            (*hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkUnmapMemory)(hAllocator->m_hDevice, m_hMemory);
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VkDeviceMemory block is being unmapped while it was not previously mapped.");
-    }
-}
-
-VkResult VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::WriteMagicValueAfterAllocation(VmaAllocator hAllocator, VkDeviceSize allocOffset, VkDeviceSize allocSize)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > 0 && VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN % 4 == 0 && VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION);
-
-    void* pData;
-    VkResult res = Map(hAllocator, 1, &pData);
-    if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
-    {
-        return res;
-    }
-
-    VmaWriteMagicValue(pData, allocOffset + allocSize);
-
-    Unmap(hAllocator, 1);
-    return VK_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::ValidateMagicValueAfterAllocation(VmaAllocator hAllocator, VkDeviceSize allocOffset, VkDeviceSize allocSize)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > 0 && VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN % 4 == 0 && VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION);
-
-    void* pData;
-    VkResult res = Map(hAllocator, 1, &pData);
-    if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
-    {
-        return res;
-    }
-
-    if (!VmaValidateMagicValue(pData, allocOffset + allocSize))
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "MEMORY CORRUPTION DETECTED AFTER FREED ALLOCATION!");
-    }
-
-    Unmap(hAllocator, 1);
-    return VK_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::BindBufferMemory(
-    const VmaAllocator hAllocator,
-    const VmaAllocation hAllocation,
-    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
-    VkBuffer hBuffer,
-    const void* pNext)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(hAllocation->GetType() == VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK &&
-        hAllocation->GetBlock() == this);
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocationLocalOffset < hAllocation->GetSize() &&
-        "Invalid allocationLocalOffset. Did you forget that this offset is relative to the beginning of the allocation, not the whole memory block?");
-    const VkDeviceSize memoryOffset = hAllocation->GetOffset() + allocationLocalOffset;
-    // This lock is important so that we don't call vkBind... and/or vkMap... simultaneously on the same VkDeviceMemory from multiple threads.
-    VmaMutexLock lock(m_Mutex, hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
-    return hAllocator->BindVulkanBuffer(m_hMemory, memoryOffset, hBuffer, pNext);
-}
-
-VkResult VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::BindImageMemory(
-    const VmaAllocator hAllocator,
-    const VmaAllocation hAllocation,
-    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
-    VkImage hImage,
-    const void* pNext)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(hAllocation->GetType() == VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK &&
-        hAllocation->GetBlock() == this);
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocationLocalOffset < hAllocation->GetSize() &&
-        "Invalid allocationLocalOffset. Did you forget that this offset is relative to the beginning of the allocation, not the whole memory block?");
-    const VkDeviceSize memoryOffset = hAllocation->GetOffset() + allocationLocalOffset;
-    // This lock is important so that we don't call vkBind... and/or vkMap... simultaneously on the same VkDeviceMemory from multiple threads.
-    VmaMutexLock lock(m_Mutex, hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
-    return hAllocator->BindVulkanImage(m_hMemory, memoryOffset, hImage, pNext);
-}
-#endif // _VMA_DEVICE_MEMORY_BLOCK_FUNCTIONS
-
-#ifndef _VMA_ALLOCATION_T_FUNCTIONS
-VmaAllocation_T::VmaAllocation_T(bool userDataString)
-    : m_Alignment{ 1 },
-    m_Size{ 0 },
-    m_pUserData{ VMA_NULL },
-    m_MemoryTypeIndex{ 0 },
-    m_Type{ (uint8_t)ALLOCATION_TYPE_NONE },
-    m_SuballocationType{ (uint8_t)VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN },
-    m_MapCount{ 0 },
-    m_Flags{ userDataString ? (uint8_t)FLAG_USER_DATA_STRING : (uint8_t)0 }
-{
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-    m_BufferImageUsage = 0;
-#endif
-}
-
-VmaAllocation_T::~VmaAllocation_T()
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT((m_MapCount & ~MAP_COUNT_FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP) == 0 && "Allocation was not unmapped before destruction.");
-
-    // Check if owned string was freed.
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_pUserData == VMA_NULL);
-}
-
-void VmaAllocation_T::InitBlockAllocation(
-    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* block,
-    VmaAllocHandle allocHandle,
-    VkDeviceSize alignment,
-    VkDeviceSize size,
-    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,
-    VmaSuballocationType suballocationType,
-    bool mapped)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_Type == ALLOCATION_TYPE_NONE);
-    VMA_ASSERT(block != VMA_NULL);
-    m_Type = (uint8_t)ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK;
-    m_Alignment = alignment;
-    m_Size = size;
-    m_MemoryTypeIndex = memoryTypeIndex;
-    m_MapCount = mapped ? MAP_COUNT_FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP : 0;
-    m_SuballocationType = (uint8_t)suballocationType;
-    m_BlockAllocation.m_Block = block;
-    m_BlockAllocation.m_AllocHandle = allocHandle;
-}
-
-void VmaAllocation_T::InitDedicatedAllocation(
-    VmaPool hParentPool,
-    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,
-    VkDeviceMemory hMemory,
-    VmaSuballocationType suballocationType,
-    void* pMappedData,
-    VkDeviceSize size)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_Type == ALLOCATION_TYPE_NONE);
-    VMA_ASSERT(hMemory != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
-    m_Type = (uint8_t)ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED;
-    m_Alignment = 0;
-    m_Size = size;
-    m_MemoryTypeIndex = memoryTypeIndex;
-    m_SuballocationType = (uint8_t)suballocationType;
-    m_MapCount = (pMappedData != VMA_NULL) ? MAP_COUNT_FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP : 0;
-    m_DedicatedAllocation.m_hParentPool = hParentPool;
-    m_DedicatedAllocation.m_hMemory = hMemory;
-    m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData = pMappedData;
-    m_DedicatedAllocation.m_Prev = VMA_NULL;
-    m_DedicatedAllocation.m_Next = VMA_NULL;
-}
-
-void VmaAllocation_T::SetUserData(VmaAllocator hAllocator, void* pUserData)
-{
-    if (IsUserDataString())
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(pUserData == VMA_NULL || pUserData != m_pUserData);
-
-        FreeUserDataString(hAllocator);
-
-        if (pUserData != VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            m_pUserData = VmaCreateStringCopy(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(), (const char*)pUserData);
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        m_pUserData = pUserData;
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaAllocation_T::ChangeBlockAllocation(
-    VmaAllocator hAllocator,
-    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* block,
-    VmaAllocHandle allocHandle)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(block != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_Type == ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK);
-
-    // Move mapping reference counter from old block to new block.
-    if (block != m_BlockAllocation.m_Block)
-    {
-        uint32_t mapRefCount = m_MapCount & ~MAP_COUNT_FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP;
-        if (IsPersistentMap())
-            ++mapRefCount;
-        m_BlockAllocation.m_Block->Unmap(hAllocator, mapRefCount);
-        block->Map(hAllocator, mapRefCount, VMA_NULL);
-    }
-
-    m_BlockAllocation.m_Block = block;
-    m_BlockAllocation.m_AllocHandle = allocHandle;
-}
-
-void VmaAllocation_T::ChangeAllocHandle(VmaAllocHandle newAllocHandle)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_Type == ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK);
-    m_BlockAllocation.m_AllocHandle = newAllocHandle;
-}
-
-VmaAllocHandle VmaAllocation_T::GetAllocHandle() const
-{
-    switch (m_Type)
-    {
-    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
-        return m_BlockAllocation.m_AllocHandle;
-    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
-        return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    default:
-        VMA_ASSERT(0);
-        return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    }
-}
-
-VkDeviceSize VmaAllocation_T::GetOffset() const
-{
-    switch (m_Type)
-    {
-    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
-        return m_BlockAllocation.m_Block->m_pMetadata->GetAllocationOffset(m_BlockAllocation.m_AllocHandle);
-    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
-        return 0;
-    default:
-        VMA_ASSERT(0);
-        return 0;
-    }
-}
-
-VmaPool VmaAllocation_T::GetParentPool() const
-{
-    switch (m_Type)
-    {
-    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
-        return m_BlockAllocation.m_Block->GetParentPool();
-    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
-        return m_DedicatedAllocation.m_hParentPool;
-    default:
-        VMA_ASSERT(0);
-        return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    }
-}
-
-VkDeviceMemory VmaAllocation_T::GetMemory() const
-{
-    switch (m_Type)
-    {
-    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
-        return m_BlockAllocation.m_Block->GetDeviceMemory();
-    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
-        return m_DedicatedAllocation.m_hMemory;
-    default:
-        VMA_ASSERT(0);
-        return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    }
-}
-
-void* VmaAllocation_T::GetMappedData() const
-{
-    switch (m_Type)
-    {
-    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
-        if (m_MapCount != 0)
-        {
-            void* pBlockData = m_BlockAllocation.m_Block->GetMappedData();
-            VMA_ASSERT(pBlockData != VMA_NULL);
-            return (char*)pBlockData + GetOffset();
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            return VMA_NULL;
-        }
-        break;
-    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
-        VMA_ASSERT((m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData != VMA_NULL) == (m_MapCount != 0));
-        return m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData;
-    default:
-        VMA_ASSERT(0);
-        return VMA_NULL;
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaAllocation_T::DedicatedAllocCalcStatsInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_Type == ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED);
-    outInfo.blockCount = 1;
-    outInfo.allocationCount = 1;
-    outInfo.unusedRangeCount = 0;
-    outInfo.usedBytes = m_Size;
-    outInfo.unusedBytes = 0;
-    outInfo.allocationSizeMin = outInfo.allocationSizeMax = m_Size;
-    outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin = UINT64_MAX;
-    outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax = 0;
-}
-
-void VmaAllocation_T::BlockAllocMap()
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(GetType() == ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK);
-
-    if ((m_MapCount & ~MAP_COUNT_FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP) < 0x7F)
-    {
-        ++m_MapCount;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Allocation mapped too many times simultaneously.");
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaAllocation_T::BlockAllocUnmap()
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(GetType() == ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK);
-
-    if ((m_MapCount & ~MAP_COUNT_FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP) != 0)
-    {
-        --m_MapCount;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Unmapping allocation not previously mapped.");
-    }
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocation_T::DedicatedAllocMap(VmaAllocator hAllocator, void** ppData)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(GetType() == ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED);
-
-    if (m_MapCount != 0)
-    {
-        if ((m_MapCount & ~MAP_COUNT_FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP) < 0x7F)
-        {
-            VMA_ASSERT(m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData != VMA_NULL);
-            *ppData = m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData;
-            ++m_MapCount;
-            return VK_SUCCESS;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Dedicated allocation mapped too many times simultaneously.");
-            return VK_ERROR_MEMORY_MAP_FAILED;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        VkResult result = (*hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkMapMemory)(
-            hAllocator->m_hDevice,
-            m_DedicatedAllocation.m_hMemory,
-            0, // offset
-            VK_WHOLE_SIZE,
-            0, // flags
-            ppData);
-        if (result == VK_SUCCESS)
-        {
-            m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData = *ppData;
-            m_MapCount = 1;
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaAllocation_T::DedicatedAllocUnmap(VmaAllocator hAllocator)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(GetType() == ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED);
-
-    if ((m_MapCount & ~MAP_COUNT_FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP) != 0)
-    {
-        --m_MapCount;
-        if (m_MapCount == 0)
-        {
-            m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData = VMA_NULL;
-            (*hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkUnmapMemory)(
-                hAllocator->m_hDevice,
-                m_DedicatedAllocation.m_hMemory);
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Unmapping dedicated allocation not previously mapped.");
-    }
-}
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-void VmaAllocation_T::InitBufferImageUsage(uint32_t bufferImageUsage)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_BufferImageUsage == 0);
-    m_BufferImageUsage = bufferImageUsage;
-}
-
-void VmaAllocation_T::PrintParameters(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const
-{
-    json.WriteString("Type");
-    json.WriteString(VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_NAMES[m_SuballocationType]);
-
-    json.WriteString("Size");
-    json.WriteNumber(m_Size);
-
-    if (m_pUserData != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        json.WriteString("UserData");
-        if (IsUserDataString())
-        {
-            json.WriteString((const char*)m_pUserData);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            json.BeginString();
-            json.ContinueString_Pointer(m_pUserData);
-            json.EndString();
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (m_BufferImageUsage != 0)
-    {
-        json.WriteString("Usage");
-        json.WriteNumber(m_BufferImageUsage);
-    }
-}
-#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-
-void VmaAllocation_T::FreeUserDataString(VmaAllocator hAllocator)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(IsUserDataString());
-    VmaFreeString(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(), (char*)m_pUserData);
-    m_pUserData = VMA_NULL;
-}
-#endif // _VMA_ALLOCATION_T_FUNCTIONS
-
-#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_VECTOR_FUNCTIONS
-VmaBlockVector::VmaBlockVector(
-    VmaAllocator hAllocator,
-    VmaPool hParentPool,
-    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,
-    VkDeviceSize preferredBlockSize,
-    size_t minBlockCount,
-    size_t maxBlockCount,
-    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,
-    bool explicitBlockSize,
-    uint32_t algorithm,
-    float priority,
-    VkDeviceSize minAllocationAlignment,
-    void* pMemoryAllocateNext)
-    : m_hAllocator(hAllocator),
-    m_hParentPool(hParentPool),
-    m_MemoryTypeIndex(memoryTypeIndex),
-    m_PreferredBlockSize(preferredBlockSize),
-    m_MinBlockCount(minBlockCount),
-    m_MaxBlockCount(maxBlockCount),
-    m_BufferImageGranularity(bufferImageGranularity),
-    m_ExplicitBlockSize(explicitBlockSize),
-    m_Algorithm(algorithm),
-    m_Priority(priority),
-    m_MinAllocationAlignment(minAllocationAlignment),
-    m_pMemoryAllocateNext(pMemoryAllocateNext),
-    m_HasEmptyBlock(false),
-    m_Blocks(VmaStlAllocator<VmaDeviceMemoryBlock*>(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks())),
-    m_NextBlockId(0) {}
-
-VmaBlockVector::~VmaBlockVector()
-{
-    for (size_t i = m_Blocks.size(); i--; )
-    {
-        m_Blocks[i]->Destroy(m_hAllocator);
-        vma_delete(m_hAllocator, m_Blocks[i]);
-    }
-}
-
-VkResult VmaBlockVector::CreateMinBlocks()
-{
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_MinBlockCount; ++i)
-    {
-        VkResult res = CreateBlock(m_PreferredBlockSize, VMA_NULL);
-        if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
-        {
-            return res;
-        }
-    }
-    return VK_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockVector::AddPoolStats(VmaPoolStats* pStats)
-{
-    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
-
-    const size_t blockCount = m_Blocks.size();
-    pStats->blockCount += blockCount;
-
-    for (uint32_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < blockCount; ++blockIndex)
-    {
-        const VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];
-        VMA_ASSERT(pBlock);
-        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(pBlock->Validate());
-        pBlock->m_pMetadata->AddPoolStats(*pStats);
-    }
-}
-
-bool VmaBlockVector::IsEmpty()
-{
-    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
-    return m_Blocks.empty();
-}
-
-bool VmaBlockVector::IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled() const
-{
-    const uint32_t requiredMemFlags = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT;
-    return (VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION != 0) &&
-        (VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > 0) &&
-        (m_Algorithm == 0 || m_Algorithm == VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT) &&
-        (m_hAllocator->m_MemProps.memoryTypes[m_MemoryTypeIndex].propertyFlags & requiredMemFlags) == requiredMemFlags;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaBlockVector::Allocate(
-    VkDeviceSize size,
-    VkDeviceSize alignment,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,
-    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
-    size_t allocationCount,
-    VmaAllocation* pAllocations)
-{
-    size_t allocIndex;
-    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
-
-    alignment = VMA_MAX(alignment, m_MinAllocationAlignment);
-
-    if (IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled())
-    {
-        size = VmaAlignUp<VkDeviceSize>(size, sizeof(VMA_CORRUPTION_DETECTION_MAGIC_VALUE));
-        alignment = VmaAlignUp<VkDeviceSize>(alignment, sizeof(VMA_CORRUPTION_DETECTION_MAGIC_VALUE));
-    }
-
-    {
-        VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
-        for (allocIndex = 0; allocIndex < allocationCount; ++allocIndex)
-        {
-            res = AllocatePage(
-                size,
-                alignment,
-                createInfo,
-                suballocType,
-                pAllocations + allocIndex);
-            if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
-            {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
-    {
-        // Free all already created allocations.
-        const uint32_t heapIndex = m_hAllocator->MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(m_MemoryTypeIndex);
-        while (allocIndex--)
-        {
-            VmaAllocation_T* const alloc = pAllocations[allocIndex];
-            const VkDeviceSize allocSize = alloc->GetSize();
-            Free(alloc);
-            m_hAllocator->m_Budget.RemoveAllocation(heapIndex, allocSize);
-        }
-        memset(pAllocations, 0, sizeof(VmaAllocation) * allocationCount);
-    }
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaBlockVector::AllocatePage(
-    VkDeviceSize size,
-    VkDeviceSize alignment,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,
-    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
-    VmaAllocation* pAllocation)
-{
-    const bool isUpperAddress = (createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT) != 0;
-    const bool mapped = (createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT) != 0;
-    const bool isUserDataString = (createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT) != 0;
-
-    VkDeviceSize freeMemory;
-    {
-        const uint32_t heapIndex = m_hAllocator->MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(m_MemoryTypeIndex);
-        VmaBudget heapBudget = {};
-        m_hAllocator->GetHeapBudgets(&heapBudget, heapIndex, 1);
-        freeMemory = (heapBudget.usage < heapBudget.budget) ? (heapBudget.budget - heapBudget.usage) : 0;
-    }
-
-    const bool canFallbackToDedicated = !IsCustomPool();
-    const bool canCreateNewBlock =
-        ((createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT) == 0) &&
-        (m_Blocks.size() < m_MaxBlockCount) &&
-        (freeMemory >= size || !canFallbackToDedicated);
-    uint32_t strategy = createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MASK;
-
-    // Upper address can only be used with linear allocator and within single memory block.
-    if (isUpperAddress &&
-        (m_Algorithm != VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT || m_MaxBlockCount > 1))
-    {
-        return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;
-    }
-
-    // Early reject: requested allocation size is larger that maximum block size for this block vector.
-    if (size + VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > m_PreferredBlockSize)
-    {
-        return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;
-    }
-
-    // 1. Search existing allocations. Try to allocate.
-    if (m_Algorithm == VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT)
-    {
-        // Use only last block.
-        if (!m_Blocks.empty())
-        {
-            VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pCurrBlock = m_Blocks.back();
-            VMA_ASSERT(pCurrBlock);
-            VkResult res = AllocateFromBlock(
-                pCurrBlock,
-                size,
-                alignment,
-                createInfo.flags,
-                createInfo.pUserData,
-                suballocType,
-                strategy,
-                pAllocation);
-            if (res == VK_SUCCESS)
-            {
-                VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Returned from last block #%u", pCurrBlock->GetId());
-                return VK_SUCCESS;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if (strategy != VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT) // MIN_MEMORY or default
-        {
-            // Forward order in m_Blocks - prefer blocks with smallest amount of free space.
-            for (size_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < m_Blocks.size(); ++blockIndex)
-            {
-                VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pCurrBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];
-                VMA_ASSERT(pCurrBlock);
-                VkResult res = AllocateFromBlock(
-                    pCurrBlock,
-                    size,
-                    alignment,
-                    createInfo.flags,
-                    createInfo.pUserData,
-                    suballocType,
-                    strategy,
-                    pAllocation);
-                if (res == VK_SUCCESS)
-                {
-                    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Returned from existing block #%u", pCurrBlock->GetId());
-                    return VK_SUCCESS;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else // VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT
-        {
-            // Backward order in m_Blocks - prefer blocks with largest amount of free space.
-            for (size_t blockIndex = m_Blocks.size(); blockIndex--; )
-            {
-                VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pCurrBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];
-                VMA_ASSERT(pCurrBlock);
-                VkResult res = AllocateFromBlock(
-                    pCurrBlock,
-                    size,
-                    alignment,
-                    createInfo.flags,
-                    createInfo.pUserData,
-                    suballocType,
-                    strategy,
-                    pAllocation);
-                if (res == VK_SUCCESS)
-                {
-                    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Returned from existing block #%u", pCurrBlock->GetId());
-                    return VK_SUCCESS;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // 2. Try to create new block.
-    if (canCreateNewBlock)
-    {
-        // Calculate optimal size for new block.
-        VkDeviceSize newBlockSize = m_PreferredBlockSize;
-        uint32_t newBlockSizeShift = 0;
-        const uint32_t NEW_BLOCK_SIZE_SHIFT_MAX = 3;
-
-        if (!m_ExplicitBlockSize)
-        {
-            // Allocate 1/8, 1/4, 1/2 as first blocks.
-            const VkDeviceSize maxExistingBlockSize = CalcMaxBlockSize();
-            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < NEW_BLOCK_SIZE_SHIFT_MAX; ++i)
-            {
-                const VkDeviceSize smallerNewBlockSize = newBlockSize / 2;
-                if (smallerNewBlockSize > maxExistingBlockSize && smallerNewBlockSize >= size * 2)
-                {
-                    newBlockSize = smallerNewBlockSize;
-                    ++newBlockSizeShift;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        size_t newBlockIndex = 0;
-        VkResult res = (newBlockSize <= freeMemory || !canFallbackToDedicated) ?
-            CreateBlock(newBlockSize, &newBlockIndex) : VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;
-        // Allocation of this size failed? Try 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 of m_PreferredBlockSize.
-        if (!m_ExplicitBlockSize)
-        {
-            while (res < 0 && newBlockSizeShift < NEW_BLOCK_SIZE_SHIFT_MAX)
-            {
-                const VkDeviceSize smallerNewBlockSize = newBlockSize / 2;
-                if (smallerNewBlockSize >= size)
-                {
-                    newBlockSize = smallerNewBlockSize;
-                    ++newBlockSizeShift;
-                    res = (newBlockSize <= freeMemory || !canFallbackToDedicated) ?
-                        CreateBlock(newBlockSize, &newBlockIndex) : VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (res == VK_SUCCESS)
-        {
-            VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = m_Blocks[newBlockIndex];
-            VMA_ASSERT(pBlock->m_pMetadata->GetSize() >= size);
-
-            res = AllocateFromBlock(
-                pBlock,
-                size,
-                alignment,
-                createInfo.flags,
-                createInfo.pUserData,
-                suballocType,
-                strategy,
-                pAllocation);
-            if (res == VK_SUCCESS)
-            {
-                VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Created new block #%u Size=%llu", pBlock->GetId(), newBlockSize);
-                return VK_SUCCESS;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                // Allocation from new block failed, possibly due to VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN or alignment.
-                return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockVector::Free(
-    const VmaAllocation hAllocation)
-{
-    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlockToDelete = VMA_NULL;
-
-    bool budgetExceeded = false;
-    {
-        const uint32_t heapIndex = m_hAllocator->MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(m_MemoryTypeIndex);
-        VmaBudget heapBudget = {};
-        m_hAllocator->GetHeapBudgets(&heapBudget, heapIndex, 1);
-        budgetExceeded = heapBudget.usage >= heapBudget.budget;
-    }
-
-    // Scope for lock.
-    {
-        VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
-
-        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock = hAllocation->GetBlock();
-
-        if (IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled())
-        {
-            VkResult res = pBlock->ValidateMagicValueAfterAllocation(m_hAllocator, hAllocation->GetOffset(), hAllocation->GetSize());
-            VMA_ASSERT(res == VK_SUCCESS && "Couldn't map block memory to validate magic value.");
-        }
-
-        if (hAllocation->IsPersistentMap())
-        {
-            pBlock->Unmap(m_hAllocator, 1);
-        }
-
-        pBlock->m_pMetadata->Free(hAllocation->GetAllocHandle());
-        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(pBlock->Validate());
-
-        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("  Freed from MemoryTypeIndex=%u", m_MemoryTypeIndex);
-
-        const bool canDeleteBlock = m_Blocks.size() > m_MinBlockCount;
-        // pBlock became empty after this deallocation.
-        if (pBlock->m_pMetadata->IsEmpty())
-        {
-            // Already has empty block. We don't want to have two, so delete this one.
-            if ((m_HasEmptyBlock || budgetExceeded) && canDeleteBlock)
-            {
-                pBlockToDelete = pBlock;
-                Remove(pBlock);
-            }
-            // else: We now have an empty block - leave it.
-        }
-        // pBlock didn't become empty, but we have another empty block - find and free that one.
-        // (This is optional, heuristics.)
-        else if (m_HasEmptyBlock && canDeleteBlock)
-        {
-            VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pLastBlock = m_Blocks.back();
-            if (pLastBlock->m_pMetadata->IsEmpty())
-            {
-                pBlockToDelete = pLastBlock;
-                m_Blocks.pop_back();
-            }
-        }
-
-        UpdateHasEmptyBlock();
-        IncrementallySortBlocks();
-    }
-
-    // Destruction of a free block. Deferred until this point, outside of mutex
-    // lock, for performance reason.
-    if (pBlockToDelete != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Deleted empty block #%u", pBlockToDelete->GetId());
-        pBlockToDelete->Destroy(m_hAllocator);
-        vma_delete(m_hAllocator, pBlockToDelete);
-    }
-}
-
-VkDeviceSize VmaBlockVector::CalcMaxBlockSize() const
-{
-    VkDeviceSize result = 0;
-    for (size_t i = m_Blocks.size(); i--; )
-    {
-        result = VMA_MAX(result, m_Blocks[i]->m_pMetadata->GetSize());
-        if (result >= m_PreferredBlockSize)
-        {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockVector::Remove(VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock)
-{
-    for (uint32_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < m_Blocks.size(); ++blockIndex)
-    {
-        if (m_Blocks[blockIndex] == pBlock)
-        {
-            VmaVectorRemove(m_Blocks, blockIndex);
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-    VMA_ASSERT(0);
-}
-
-void VmaBlockVector::IncrementallySortBlocks()
-{
-    if (m_Algorithm != VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT)
-    {
-        // Bubble sort only until first swap.
-        for (size_t i = 1; i < m_Blocks.size(); ++i)
-        {
-            if (m_Blocks[i - 1]->m_pMetadata->GetSumFreeSize() > m_Blocks[i]->m_pMetadata->GetSumFreeSize())
-            {
-                VMA_SWAP(m_Blocks[i - 1], m_Blocks[i]);
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-VkResult VmaBlockVector::AllocateFromBlock(
-    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock,
-    VkDeviceSize size,
-    VkDeviceSize alignment,
-    VmaAllocationCreateFlags allocFlags,
-    void* pUserData,
-    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
-    uint32_t strategy,
-    VmaAllocation* pAllocation)
-{
-    const bool isUpperAddress = (allocFlags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT) != 0;
-    const bool mapped = (allocFlags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT) != 0;
-    const bool isUserDataString = (allocFlags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT) != 0;
-
-    VmaAllocationRequest currRequest = {};
-    if (pBlock->m_pMetadata->CreateAllocationRequest(
-        size,
-        alignment,
-        isUpperAddress,
-        suballocType,
-        strategy,
-        &currRequest))
-    {
-        // Allocate from pCurrBlock.
-        if (mapped)
-        {
-            VkResult res = pBlock->Map(m_hAllocator, 1, VMA_NULL);
-            if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
-            {
-                return res;
-            }
-        }
-
-        *pAllocation = m_hAllocator->m_AllocationObjectAllocator.Allocate(isUserDataString);
-        pBlock->m_pMetadata->Alloc(currRequest, suballocType, *pAllocation);
-        UpdateHasEmptyBlock();
-        (*pAllocation)->InitBlockAllocation(
-            pBlock,
-            currRequest.allocHandle,
-            alignment,
-            currRequest.size, // Not size, as actual allocation size may be larger than requested!
-            m_MemoryTypeIndex,
-            suballocType,
-            mapped);
-        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(pBlock->Validate());
-        (*pAllocation)->SetUserData(m_hAllocator, pUserData);
-        m_hAllocator->m_Budget.AddAllocation(m_hAllocator->MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(m_MemoryTypeIndex), currRequest.size);
-        if (VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS)
-        {
-            m_hAllocator->FillAllocation(*pAllocation, VMA_ALLOCATION_FILL_PATTERN_CREATED);
-        }
-        if (IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled())
-        {
-            VkResult res = pBlock->WriteMagicValueAfterAllocation(m_hAllocator, (*pAllocation)->GetOffset(), currRequest.size);
-            VMA_ASSERT(res == VK_SUCCESS && "Couldn't map block memory to write magic value.");
-        }
-        return VK_SUCCESS;
-    }
-    return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaBlockVector::CreateBlock(VkDeviceSize blockSize, size_t* pNewBlockIndex)
-{
-    VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO };
-    allocInfo.pNext = m_pMemoryAllocateNext;
-    allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = m_MemoryTypeIndex;
-    allocInfo.allocationSize = blockSize;
-
-#if VMA_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS
-    // Every standalone block can potentially contain a buffer with VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT - always enable the feature.
-    VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfoKHR allocFlagsInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_FLAGS_INFO_KHR };
-    if (m_hAllocator->m_UseKhrBufferDeviceAddress)
-    {
-        allocFlagsInfo.flags = VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT_KHR;
-        VmaPnextChainPushFront(&allocInfo, &allocFlagsInfo);
-    }
-#endif // VMA_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS
-
-#if VMA_MEMORY_PRIORITY
-    VkMemoryPriorityAllocateInfoEXT priorityInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_PRIORITY_ALLOCATE_INFO_EXT };
-    if (m_hAllocator->m_UseExtMemoryPriority)
-    {
-        priorityInfo.priority = m_Priority;
-        VmaPnextChainPushFront(&allocInfo, &priorityInfo);
-    }
-#endif // VMA_MEMORY_PRIORITY
-
-#if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
-    // Attach VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR if necessary.
-    VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR exportMemoryAllocInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXPORT_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO_KHR };
-    exportMemoryAllocInfo.handleTypes = m_hAllocator->GetExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlags(m_MemoryTypeIndex);
-    if (exportMemoryAllocInfo.handleTypes != 0)
-    {
-        VmaPnextChainPushFront(&allocInfo, &exportMemoryAllocInfo);
-    }
-#endif // VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
-
-    VkDeviceMemory mem = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    VkResult res = m_hAllocator->AllocateVulkanMemory(&allocInfo, &mem);
-    if (res < 0)
-    {
-        return res;
-    }
-
-    // New VkDeviceMemory successfully created.
-
-    // Create new Allocation for it.
-    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = vma_new(m_hAllocator, VmaDeviceMemoryBlock)(m_hAllocator);
-    pBlock->Init(
-        m_hAllocator,
-        m_hParentPool,
-        m_MemoryTypeIndex,
-        mem,
-        allocInfo.allocationSize,
-        m_NextBlockId++,
-        m_Algorithm,
-        m_BufferImageGranularity);
-
-    m_Blocks.push_back(pBlock);
-    if (pNewBlockIndex != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        *pNewBlockIndex = m_Blocks.size() - 1;
-    }
-
-    return VK_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockVector::ApplyDefragmentationMovesCpu(
-    VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pDefragCtx,
-    const VmaVector<VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove>>& moves)
-{
-    const size_t blockCount = m_Blocks.size();
-    const bool isNonCoherent = m_hAllocator->IsMemoryTypeNonCoherent(m_MemoryTypeIndex);
-
-    enum BLOCK_FLAG
-    {
-        BLOCK_FLAG_USED = 0x00000001,
-        BLOCK_FLAG_MAPPED_FOR_DEFRAGMENTATION = 0x00000002,
-    };
-
-    struct BlockInfo
-    {
-        uint32_t flags;
-        void* pMappedData;
-    };
-    VmaVector< BlockInfo, VmaStlAllocator<BlockInfo> >
-        blockInfo(blockCount, BlockInfo(), VmaStlAllocator<BlockInfo>(m_hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks()));
-    memset(blockInfo.data(), 0, blockCount * sizeof(BlockInfo));
-
-    // Go over all moves. Mark blocks that are used with BLOCK_FLAG_USED.
-    const size_t moveCount = moves.size();
-    for (size_t moveIndex = 0; moveIndex < moveCount; ++moveIndex)
-    {
-        const VmaDefragmentationMove& move = moves[moveIndex];
-        blockInfo[move.srcBlockIndex].flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_USED;
-        blockInfo[move.dstBlockIndex].flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_USED;
-    }
-
-    VMA_ASSERT(pDefragCtx->res == VK_SUCCESS);
-
-    // Go over all blocks. Get mapped pointer or map if necessary.
-    for (size_t blockIndex = 0; pDefragCtx->res == VK_SUCCESS && blockIndex < blockCount; ++blockIndex)
-    {
-        BlockInfo& currBlockInfo = blockInfo[blockIndex];
-        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];
-        if ((currBlockInfo.flags & BLOCK_FLAG_USED) != 0)
-        {
-            currBlockInfo.pMappedData = pBlock->GetMappedData();
-            // It is not originally mapped - map it.
-            if (currBlockInfo.pMappedData == VMA_NULL)
-            {
-                pDefragCtx->res = pBlock->Map(m_hAllocator, 1, &currBlockInfo.pMappedData);
-                if (pDefragCtx->res == VK_SUCCESS)
-                {
-                    currBlockInfo.flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_MAPPED_FOR_DEFRAGMENTATION;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Go over all moves. Do actual data transfer.
-    if (pDefragCtx->res == VK_SUCCESS)
-    {
-        const VkDeviceSize nonCoherentAtomSize = m_hAllocator->m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.nonCoherentAtomSize;
-        VkMappedMemoryRange memRange = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MAPPED_MEMORY_RANGE };
-
-        for (size_t moveIndex = 0; moveIndex < moveCount; ++moveIndex)
-        {
-            const VmaDefragmentationMove& move = moves[moveIndex];
-
-            const BlockInfo& srcBlockInfo = blockInfo[move.srcBlockIndex];
-            const BlockInfo& dstBlockInfo = blockInfo[move.dstBlockIndex];
-
-            VMA_ASSERT(srcBlockInfo.pMappedData && dstBlockInfo.pMappedData);
-
-            // Invalidate source.
-            if (isNonCoherent)
-            {
-                VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pSrcBlock = m_Blocks[move.srcBlockIndex];
-                memRange.memory = pSrcBlock->GetDeviceMemory();
-                memRange.offset = VmaAlignDown(move.srcOffset, nonCoherentAtomSize);
-                memRange.size = VMA_MIN(
-                    VmaAlignUp(move.size + (move.srcOffset - memRange.offset), nonCoherentAtomSize),
-                    pSrcBlock->m_pMetadata->GetSize() - memRange.offset);
-                (*m_hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges)(m_hAllocator->m_hDevice, 1, &memRange);
-            }
-
-            // THE PLACE WHERE ACTUAL DATA COPY HAPPENS.
-            memmove(
-                reinterpret_cast<char*>(dstBlockInfo.pMappedData) + move.dstOffset,
-                reinterpret_cast<char*>(srcBlockInfo.pMappedData) + move.srcOffset,
-                static_cast<size_t>(move.size));
-
-            if (IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled())
-            {
-                VmaWriteMagicValue(dstBlockInfo.pMappedData, move.dstOffset + move.size);
-            }
-
-            // Flush destination.
-            if (isNonCoherent)
-            {
-                VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pDstBlock = m_Blocks[move.dstBlockIndex];
-                memRange.memory = pDstBlock->GetDeviceMemory();
-                memRange.offset = VmaAlignDown(move.dstOffset, nonCoherentAtomSize);
-                memRange.size = VMA_MIN(
-                    VmaAlignUp(move.size + (move.dstOffset - memRange.offset), nonCoherentAtomSize),
-                    pDstBlock->m_pMetadata->GetSize() - memRange.offset);
-                (*m_hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges)(m_hAllocator->m_hDevice, 1, &memRange);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Go over all blocks in reverse order. Unmap those that were mapped just for defragmentation.
-    // Regardless of pCtx->res == VK_SUCCESS.
-    for (size_t blockIndex = blockCount; blockIndex--; )
-    {
-        const BlockInfo& currBlockInfo = blockInfo[blockIndex];
-        if ((currBlockInfo.flags & BLOCK_FLAG_MAPPED_FOR_DEFRAGMENTATION) != 0)
-        {
-            VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];
-            pBlock->Unmap(m_hAllocator, 1);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaBlockVector::ApplyDefragmentationMovesGpu(
-    VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pDefragCtx,
-    VmaVector<VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove>>& moves,
-    VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer)
-{
-    const size_t blockCount = m_Blocks.size();
-
-    pDefragCtx->blockContexts.resize(blockCount);
-    memset(pDefragCtx->blockContexts.data(), 0, blockCount * sizeof(VmaBlockDefragmentationContext));
-
-    // Go over all moves. Mark blocks that are used with BLOCK_FLAG_USED.
-    const size_t moveCount = moves.size();
-    for (size_t moveIndex = 0; moveIndex < moveCount; ++moveIndex)
-    {
-        const VmaDefragmentationMove& move = moves[moveIndex];
-
-        //if(move.type == VMA_ALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN)
-        {
-            // Old school move still require us to map the whole block
-            pDefragCtx->blockContexts[move.srcBlockIndex].flags |= VmaBlockDefragmentationContext::BLOCK_FLAG_USED;
-            pDefragCtx->blockContexts[move.dstBlockIndex].flags |= VmaBlockDefragmentationContext::BLOCK_FLAG_USED;
-        }
-    }
-
-    VMA_ASSERT(pDefragCtx->res == VK_SUCCESS);
-
-    // Go over all blocks. Create and bind buffer for whole block if necessary.
-    {
-        VkBufferCreateInfo bufCreateInfo;
-        VmaFillGpuDefragmentationBufferCreateInfo(bufCreateInfo);
-
-        for (size_t blockIndex = 0; pDefragCtx->res == VK_SUCCESS && blockIndex < blockCount; ++blockIndex)
-        {
-            VmaBlockDefragmentationContext& currBlockCtx = pDefragCtx->blockContexts[blockIndex];
-            VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];
-            if ((currBlockCtx.flags & VmaBlockDefragmentationContext::BLOCK_FLAG_USED) != 0)
-            {
-                bufCreateInfo.size = pBlock->m_pMetadata->GetSize();
-                pDefragCtx->res = (*m_hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkCreateBuffer)(
-                    m_hAllocator->m_hDevice, &bufCreateInfo, m_hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(), &currBlockCtx.hBuffer);
-                if (pDefragCtx->res == VK_SUCCESS)
-                {
-                    pDefragCtx->res = (*m_hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkBindBufferMemory)(
-                        m_hAllocator->m_hDevice, currBlockCtx.hBuffer, pBlock->GetDeviceMemory(), 0);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Go over all moves. Post data transfer commands to command buffer.
-    if (pDefragCtx->res == VK_SUCCESS)
-    {
-        for (size_t moveIndex = 0; moveIndex < moveCount; ++moveIndex)
-        {
-            const VmaDefragmentationMove& move = moves[moveIndex];
-
-            const VmaBlockDefragmentationContext& srcBlockCtx = pDefragCtx->blockContexts[move.srcBlockIndex];
-            const VmaBlockDefragmentationContext& dstBlockCtx = pDefragCtx->blockContexts[move.dstBlockIndex];
-
-            VMA_ASSERT(srcBlockCtx.hBuffer && dstBlockCtx.hBuffer);
-
-            VkBufferCopy region = {
-                move.srcOffset,
-                move.dstOffset,
-                move.size };
-            (*m_hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkCmdCopyBuffer)(
-                commandBuffer, srcBlockCtx.hBuffer, dstBlockCtx.hBuffer, 1, &region);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Save buffers to defrag context for later destruction.
-    if (pDefragCtx->res == VK_SUCCESS && moveCount > 0)
-    {
-        pDefragCtx->res = VK_NOT_READY;
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaBlockVector::FreeEmptyBlocks(VmaDefragmentationStats* pDefragmentationStats)
-{
-    for (size_t blockIndex = m_Blocks.size(); blockIndex--; )
-    {
-        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];
-        if (pBlock->m_pMetadata->IsEmpty())
-        {
-            if (m_Blocks.size() > m_MinBlockCount)
-            {
-                if (pDefragmentationStats != VMA_NULL)
-                {
-                    ++pDefragmentationStats->deviceMemoryBlocksFreed;
-                    pDefragmentationStats->bytesFreed += pBlock->m_pMetadata->GetSize();
-                }
-
-                VmaVectorRemove(m_Blocks, blockIndex);
-                pBlock->Destroy(m_hAllocator);
-                vma_delete(m_hAllocator, pBlock);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    UpdateHasEmptyBlock();
-}
-
-void VmaBlockVector::UpdateHasEmptyBlock()
-{
-    m_HasEmptyBlock = false;
-    for (size_t index = 0, count = m_Blocks.size(); index < count; ++index)
-    {
-        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = m_Blocks[index];
-        if (pBlock->m_pMetadata->IsEmpty())
-        {
-            m_HasEmptyBlock = true;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-void VmaBlockVector::PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json)
-{
-    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
-
-    if (IsCustomPool())
-    {
-        const char* poolName = m_hParentPool->GetName();
-        if (poolName != VMA_NULL && poolName[0] != '\0')
-        {
-            json.WriteString("Name");
-            json.WriteString(poolName);
-        }
-
-        json.WriteString("MemoryTypeIndex");
-        json.WriteNumber(m_MemoryTypeIndex);
-
-        json.WriteString("BlockSize");
-        json.WriteNumber(m_PreferredBlockSize);
-
-        json.WriteString("BlockCount");
-        json.BeginObject(true);
-        if (m_MinBlockCount > 0)
-        {
-            json.WriteString("Min");
-            json.WriteNumber((uint64_t)m_MinBlockCount);
-        }
-        if (m_MaxBlockCount < SIZE_MAX)
-        {
-            json.WriteString("Max");
-            json.WriteNumber((uint64_t)m_MaxBlockCount);
-        }
-        json.WriteString("Cur");
-        json.WriteNumber((uint64_t)m_Blocks.size());
-        json.EndObject();
-
-        if (m_Algorithm != 0)
-        {
-            json.WriteString("Algorithm");
-            json.WriteString(VmaAlgorithmToStr(m_Algorithm));
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        json.WriteString("PreferredBlockSize");
-        json.WriteNumber(m_PreferredBlockSize);
-    }
-
-    json.WriteString("Blocks");
-    json.BeginObject();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_Blocks.size(); ++i)
-    {
-        json.BeginString();
-        json.ContinueString(m_Blocks[i]->GetId());
-        json.EndString();
-
-        m_Blocks[i]->m_pMetadata->PrintDetailedMap(json);
-    }
-    json.EndObject();
-}
-#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-
-void VmaBlockVector::Defragment(
-    class VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pCtx,
-    VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats, VmaDefragmentationFlags flags,
-    VkDeviceSize& maxCpuBytesToMove, uint32_t& maxCpuAllocationsToMove,
-    VkDeviceSize& maxGpuBytesToMove, uint32_t& maxGpuAllocationsToMove,
-    VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer)
-{
-    pCtx->res = VK_SUCCESS;
-
-    const VkMemoryPropertyFlags memPropFlags =
-        m_hAllocator->m_MemProps.memoryTypes[m_MemoryTypeIndex].propertyFlags;
-    const bool isHostVisible = (memPropFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) != 0;
-
-    const bool canDefragmentOnCpu = maxCpuBytesToMove > 0 && maxCpuAllocationsToMove > 0 &&
-        isHostVisible;
-    const bool canDefragmentOnGpu = maxGpuBytesToMove > 0 && maxGpuAllocationsToMove > 0 &&
-        !IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled() &&
-        ((1u << m_MemoryTypeIndex) & m_hAllocator->GetGpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits()) != 0;
-
-    // There are options to defragment this memory type.
-    if (canDefragmentOnCpu || canDefragmentOnGpu)
-    {
-        bool defragmentOnGpu;
-        // There is only one option to defragment this memory type.
-        if (canDefragmentOnGpu != canDefragmentOnCpu)
-        {
-            defragmentOnGpu = canDefragmentOnGpu;
-        }
-        // Both options are available: Heuristics to choose the best one.
-        else
-        {
-            defragmentOnGpu = (memPropFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT) != 0 ||
-                m_hAllocator->IsIntegratedGpu();
-        }
-
-        bool overlappingMoveSupported = !defragmentOnGpu;
-
-        if (m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex)
-        {
-            if (flags & VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_INCREMENTAL)
-            {
-                if (!m_Mutex.TryLockWrite())
-                {
-                    pCtx->res = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                m_Mutex.LockWrite();
-                pCtx->mutexLocked = true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        pCtx->Begin(overlappingMoveSupported, flags);
-
-        // Defragment.
-
-        const VkDeviceSize maxBytesToMove = defragmentOnGpu ? maxGpuBytesToMove : maxCpuBytesToMove;
-        const uint32_t maxAllocationsToMove = defragmentOnGpu ? maxGpuAllocationsToMove : maxCpuAllocationsToMove;
-        VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm* algo = pCtx->GetAlgorithm();
-        pCtx->res = algo->Defragment(pCtx->defragmentationMoves, maxBytesToMove, maxAllocationsToMove, flags);
-
-        // Accumulate statistics.
-        if (pStats != VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            const VkDeviceSize bytesMoved = algo->GetBytesMoved();
-            const uint32_t allocationsMoved = algo->GetAllocationsMoved();
-            pStats->bytesMoved += bytesMoved;
-            pStats->allocationsMoved += allocationsMoved;
-            VMA_ASSERT(bytesMoved <= maxBytesToMove);
-            VMA_ASSERT(allocationsMoved <= maxAllocationsToMove);
-            if (defragmentOnGpu)
-            {
-                maxGpuBytesToMove -= bytesMoved;
-                maxGpuAllocationsToMove -= allocationsMoved;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                maxCpuBytesToMove -= bytesMoved;
-                maxCpuAllocationsToMove -= allocationsMoved;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (flags & VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_INCREMENTAL)
-        {
-            if (m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex)
-                m_Mutex.UnlockWrite();
-
-            if (pCtx->res >= VK_SUCCESS && !pCtx->defragmentationMoves.empty())
-                pCtx->res = VK_NOT_READY;
-
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (pCtx->res >= VK_SUCCESS)
-        {
-            if (defragmentOnGpu)
-            {
-                ApplyDefragmentationMovesGpu(pCtx, pCtx->defragmentationMoves, commandBuffer);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                ApplyDefragmentationMovesCpu(pCtx, pCtx->defragmentationMoves);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaBlockVector::DefragmentationEnd(
-    class VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pCtx,
-    uint32_t flags,
-    VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats)
-{
-    if (flags & VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_INCREMENTAL && m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex)
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(pCtx->mutexLocked == false);
-
-        // Incremental defragmentation doesn't hold the lock, so when we enter here we don't actually have any
-        // lock protecting us. Since we mutate state here, we have to take the lock out now
-        m_Mutex.LockWrite();
-        pCtx->mutexLocked = true;
-    }
-
-    // If the mutex isn't locked we didn't do any work and there is nothing to delete.
-    if (pCtx->mutexLocked || !m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex)
-    {
-        // Destroy buffers.
-        for (size_t blockIndex = pCtx->blockContexts.size(); blockIndex--;)
-        {
-            VmaBlockDefragmentationContext& blockCtx = pCtx->blockContexts[blockIndex];
-            if (blockCtx.hBuffer)
-            {
-                (*m_hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyBuffer)(m_hAllocator->m_hDevice, blockCtx.hBuffer, m_hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (pCtx->res >= VK_SUCCESS)
-        {
-            FreeEmptyBlocks(pStats);
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (pCtx->mutexLocked)
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
-        m_Mutex.UnlockWrite();
-    }
-}
-
-uint32_t VmaBlockVector::ProcessDefragmentations(
-    class VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pCtx,
-    VmaDefragmentationPassMoveInfo* pMove, uint32_t maxMoves)
-{
-    VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
-
-    const uint32_t moveCount = VMA_MIN(uint32_t(pCtx->defragmentationMoves.size()) - pCtx->defragmentationMovesProcessed, maxMoves);
-
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < moveCount; ++i)
-    {
-        VmaDefragmentationMove& move = pCtx->defragmentationMoves[pCtx->defragmentationMovesProcessed + i];
-
-        pMove->allocation = move.hAllocation;
-        pMove->memory = move.pDstBlock->GetDeviceMemory();
-        pMove->offset = move.dstOffset;
-
-        ++pMove;
-    }
-
-    pCtx->defragmentationMovesProcessed += moveCount;
-
-    return moveCount;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockVector::CommitDefragmentations(
-    class VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pCtx,
-    VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats)
-{
-    VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
-
-    for (uint32_t i = pCtx->defragmentationMovesCommitted; i < pCtx->defragmentationMovesProcessed; ++i)
-    {
-        const VmaDefragmentationMove& move = pCtx->defragmentationMoves[i];
-
-        move.pSrcBlock->m_pMetadata->Free(move.hAllocation->GetAllocHandle());
-        move.hAllocation->ChangeBlockAllocation(m_hAllocator, move.pDstBlock, move.dstHandle);
-    }
-
-    pCtx->defragmentationMovesCommitted = pCtx->defragmentationMovesProcessed;
-    FreeEmptyBlocks(pStats);
-}
-
-size_t VmaBlockVector::CalcAllocationCount() const
-{
-    size_t result = 0;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_Blocks.size(); ++i)
-    {
-        result += m_Blocks[i]->m_pMetadata->GetAllocationCount();
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-bool VmaBlockVector::IsBufferImageGranularityConflictPossible() const
-{
-    if (m_BufferImageGranularity == 1)
-    {
-        return false;
-    }
-    VmaSuballocationType lastSuballocType = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
-    for (size_t i = 0, count = m_Blocks.size(); i < count; ++i)
-    {
-        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = m_Blocks[i];
-        VMA_ASSERT(m_Algorithm == 0);
-        VmaBlockMetadata_Generic* const pMetadata = (VmaBlockMetadata_Generic*)pBlock->m_pMetadata;
-        if (pMetadata->IsBufferImageGranularityConflictPossible(m_BufferImageGranularity, lastSuballocType))
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaBlockVector::CheckCorruption()
-{
-    if (!IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled())
-    {
-        return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;
-    }
-
-    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
-    for (uint32_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < m_Blocks.size(); ++blockIndex)
-    {
-        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];
-        VMA_ASSERT(pBlock);
-        VkResult res = pBlock->CheckCorruption(m_hAllocator);
-        if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
-        {
-            return res;
-        }
-    }
-    return VK_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-void VmaBlockVector::AddStats(VmaStats* pStats)
-{
-    const uint32_t memTypeIndex = m_MemoryTypeIndex;
-    const uint32_t memHeapIndex = m_hAllocator->MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(memTypeIndex);
-
-    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
-
-    for (uint32_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < m_Blocks.size(); ++blockIndex)
-    {
-        const VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];
-        VMA_ASSERT(pBlock);
-        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(pBlock->Validate());
-        VmaStatInfo allocationStatInfo;
-        pBlock->m_pMetadata->CalcAllocationStatInfo(allocationStatInfo);
-        VmaAddStatInfo(pStats->total, allocationStatInfo);
-        VmaAddStatInfo(pStats->memoryType[memTypeIndex], allocationStatInfo);
-        VmaAddStatInfo(pStats->memoryHeap[memHeapIndex], allocationStatInfo);
-    }
-}
-#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_VECTOR_FUNCTIONS
-
-#ifndef _VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_ALGORITHM_GENERIC_FUNCTIONS
-VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic(
-    VmaAllocator hAllocator,
-    VmaBlockVector* pBlockVector,
-    bool overlappingMoveSupported)
-    : VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm(hAllocator, pBlockVector),
-    m_AllocationCount(0),
-    m_AllAllocations(false),
-    m_BytesMoved(0),
-    m_AllocationsMoved(0),
-    m_Blocks(VmaStlAllocator<BlockInfo*>(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks()))
-{
-    // Create block info for each block.
-    const size_t blockCount = m_pBlockVector->m_Blocks.size();
-    for (size_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < blockCount; ++blockIndex)
-    {
-        BlockInfo* pBlockInfo = vma_new(m_hAllocator, BlockInfo)(m_hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
-        pBlockInfo->m_OriginalBlockIndex = blockIndex;
-        pBlockInfo->m_pBlock = m_pBlockVector->m_Blocks[blockIndex];
-        m_Blocks.push_back(pBlockInfo);
-    }
-
-    // Sort them by m_pBlock pointer value.
-    VMA_SORT(m_Blocks.begin(), m_Blocks.end(), BlockPointerLess());
-}
-
-VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::~VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic()
-{
-    for (size_t i = m_Blocks.size(); i--; )
-    {
-        vma_delete(m_hAllocator, m_Blocks[i]);
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::AddAllocation(VmaAllocation hAlloc, VkBool32* pChanged)
-{
-    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock = hAlloc->GetBlock();
-    BlockInfoVector::iterator it = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(m_Blocks.begin(), m_Blocks.end(), pBlock, BlockPointerLess());
-    if (it != m_Blocks.end() && (*it)->m_pBlock == pBlock)
-    {
-        AllocationInfo allocInfo = AllocationInfo(hAlloc, pChanged);
-        (*it)->m_Allocations.push_back(allocInfo);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(0);
-    }
-
-    ++m_AllocationCount;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::DefragmentRound(
-    VmaVector< VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove> >& moves,
-    VkDeviceSize maxBytesToMove,
-    uint32_t maxAllocationsToMove,
-    bool freeOldAllocations)
-{
-    if (m_Blocks.empty())
-    {
-        return VK_SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    // This is a choice based on research.
-    // Option 1:
-    uint32_t strategy = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT;
-    // Option 2:
-    //uint32_t strategy = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT;
-
-    size_t srcBlockMinIndex = 0;
-    // When FAST_ALGORITHM, move allocations from only last out of blocks that contain non-movable allocations.
-    /*
-    if(m_AlgorithmFlags & VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FAST_ALGORITHM_BIT)
-    {
-        const size_t blocksWithNonMovableCount = CalcBlocksWithNonMovableCount();
-        if(blocksWithNonMovableCount > 0)
-        {
-            srcBlockMinIndex = blocksWithNonMovableCount - 1;
-        }
-    }
-    */
-
-    size_t srcBlockIndex = m_Blocks.size() - 1;
-    size_t srcAllocIndex = SIZE_MAX;
-    for (;;)
-    {
-        // 1. Find next allocation to move.
-        // 1.1. Start from last to first m_Blocks - they are sorted from most "destination" to most "source".
-        // 1.2. Then start from last to first m_Allocations.
-        while (srcAllocIndex >= m_Blocks[srcBlockIndex]->m_Allocations.size())
-        {
-            if (m_Blocks[srcBlockIndex]->m_Allocations.empty())
-            {
-                // Finished: no more allocations to process.
-                if (srcBlockIndex == srcBlockMinIndex)
-                {
-                    return VK_SUCCESS;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    --srcBlockIndex;
-                    srcAllocIndex = SIZE_MAX;
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                srcAllocIndex = m_Blocks[srcBlockIndex]->m_Allocations.size() - 1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        BlockInfo* pSrcBlockInfo = m_Blocks[srcBlockIndex];
-        AllocationInfo& allocInfo = pSrcBlockInfo->m_Allocations[srcAllocIndex];
-
-        const VkDeviceSize size = allocInfo.m_hAllocation->GetSize();
-        const VkDeviceSize srcOffset = allocInfo.m_hAllocation->GetOffset();
-        const VkDeviceSize alignment = allocInfo.m_hAllocation->GetAlignment();
-        const VmaSuballocationType suballocType = allocInfo.m_hAllocation->GetSuballocationType();
-
-        // 2. Try to find new place for this allocation in preceding or current block.
-        for (size_t dstBlockIndex = 0; dstBlockIndex <= srcBlockIndex; ++dstBlockIndex)
-        {
-            BlockInfo* pDstBlockInfo = m_Blocks[dstBlockIndex];
-            VmaBlockMetadata* pMetadata = pDstBlockInfo->m_pBlock->m_pMetadata;
-            VmaAllocationRequest dstAllocRequest;
-            if (pMetadata->CreateAllocationRequest(
-                size,
-                alignment,
-                false, // upperAddress
-                suballocType,
-                strategy,
-                &dstAllocRequest) &&
-                MoveMakesSense(
-                    dstBlockIndex, pMetadata->GetAllocationOffset(dstAllocRequest.allocHandle), srcBlockIndex, srcOffset))
-            {
-                // Reached limit on number of allocations or bytes to move.
-                if ((m_AllocationsMoved + 1 > maxAllocationsToMove) ||
-                    (m_BytesMoved + size > maxBytesToMove))
-                {
-                    return VK_SUCCESS;
-                }
-
-                VmaDefragmentationMove move = {};
-                move.srcBlockIndex = pSrcBlockInfo->m_OriginalBlockIndex;
-                move.dstBlockIndex = pDstBlockInfo->m_OriginalBlockIndex;
-                move.srcOffset = srcOffset;
-                move.dstOffset = pMetadata->GetAllocationOffset(dstAllocRequest.allocHandle);
-                move.size = size;
-                move.hAllocation = allocInfo.m_hAllocation;
-                move.pSrcBlock = pSrcBlockInfo->m_pBlock;
-                move.pDstBlock = pDstBlockInfo->m_pBlock;
-                move.dstHandle = dstAllocRequest.allocHandle;
-
-                moves.push_back(move);
-
-                pDstBlockInfo->m_pBlock->m_pMetadata->Alloc(dstAllocRequest, suballocType, allocInfo.m_hAllocation);
-
-                if (freeOldAllocations)
-                {
-                    pSrcBlockInfo->m_pBlock->m_pMetadata->Free(allocInfo.m_hAllocation->GetAllocHandle());
-                    allocInfo.m_hAllocation->ChangeBlockAllocation(m_hAllocator, pDstBlockInfo->m_pBlock, dstAllocRequest.allocHandle);
-                }
-
-                if (allocInfo.m_pChanged != VMA_NULL)
-                {
-                    *allocInfo.m_pChanged = VK_TRUE;
-                }
-
-                ++m_AllocationsMoved;
-                m_BytesMoved += size;
-
-                VmaVectorRemove(pSrcBlockInfo->m_Allocations, srcAllocIndex);
-
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // If not processed, this allocInfo remains in pBlockInfo->m_Allocations for next round.
-
-        if (srcAllocIndex > 0)
-        {
-            --srcAllocIndex;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (srcBlockIndex > 0)
-            {
-                --srcBlockIndex;
-                srcAllocIndex = SIZE_MAX;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                return VK_SUCCESS;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-bool VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::AllocationInfoSizeGreater::operator()(const AllocationInfo& lhs, const AllocationInfo& rhs) const
-{
-    return lhs.m_hAllocation->GetSize() > rhs.m_hAllocation->GetSize();
-}
-
-bool VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::AllocationInfoOffsetGreater::operator()(const AllocationInfo& lhs, const AllocationInfo& rhs) const
-{
-    return lhs.m_hAllocation->GetOffset() > rhs.m_hAllocation->GetOffset();
-}
-
-VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::BlockInfo::BlockInfo(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
-    : m_OriginalBlockIndex(SIZE_MAX),
-    m_pBlock(VMA_NULL),
-    m_HasNonMovableAllocations(true),
-    m_Allocations(pAllocationCallbacks) {}
-
-void VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::BlockInfo::CalcHasNonMovableAllocations()
-{
-    const size_t blockAllocCount = m_pBlock->m_pMetadata->GetAllocationCount();
-    const size_t defragmentAllocCount = m_Allocations.size();
-    m_HasNonMovableAllocations = blockAllocCount != defragmentAllocCount;
-}
-
-void VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::BlockInfo::SortAllocationsBySizeDescending()
-{
-    VMA_SORT(m_Allocations.begin(), m_Allocations.end(), AllocationInfoSizeGreater());
-}
-
-void VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::BlockInfo::SortAllocationsByOffsetDescending()
-{
-    VMA_SORT(m_Allocations.begin(), m_Allocations.end(), AllocationInfoOffsetGreater());
-}
-
-bool VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::BlockPointerLess::operator()(const BlockInfo* pLhsBlockInfo, const VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pRhsBlock) const
-{
-    return pLhsBlockInfo->m_pBlock < pRhsBlock;
-}
-bool VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::BlockPointerLess::operator()(const BlockInfo* pLhsBlockInfo, const BlockInfo* pRhsBlockInfo) const
-{
-    return pLhsBlockInfo->m_pBlock < pRhsBlockInfo->m_pBlock;
-}
-
-bool VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::BlockInfoCompareMoveDestination::operator()(const BlockInfo* pLhsBlockInfo, const BlockInfo* pRhsBlockInfo) const
-{
-    if (pLhsBlockInfo->m_HasNonMovableAllocations && !pRhsBlockInfo->m_HasNonMovableAllocations)
-    {
-        return true;
-    }
-    if (!pLhsBlockInfo->m_HasNonMovableAllocations && pRhsBlockInfo->m_HasNonMovableAllocations)
-    {
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (pLhsBlockInfo->m_pBlock->m_pMetadata->GetSumFreeSize() < pRhsBlockInfo->m_pBlock->m_pMetadata->GetSumFreeSize())
-    {
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-bool VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::MoveMakesSense(
-    size_t dstBlockIndex, VkDeviceSize dstOffset,
-    size_t srcBlockIndex, VkDeviceSize srcOffset)
-{
-    if (dstBlockIndex < srcBlockIndex)
-    {
-        return true;
-    }
-    if (dstBlockIndex > srcBlockIndex)
-    {
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (dstOffset < srcOffset)
-    {
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-size_t VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::CalcBlocksWithNonMovableCount() const
-{
-    size_t result = 0;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_Blocks.size(); ++i)
-    {
-        if (m_Blocks[i]->m_HasNonMovableAllocations)
-        {
-            ++result;
-        }
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::Defragment(
-    VmaVector< VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove> >& moves,
-    VkDeviceSize maxBytesToMove,
-    uint32_t maxAllocationsToMove,
-    VmaDefragmentationFlags flags)
-{
-    if (!m_AllAllocations && m_AllocationCount == 0)
-    {
-        return VK_SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    const size_t blockCount = m_Blocks.size();
-    for (size_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < blockCount; ++blockIndex)
-    {
-        BlockInfo* pBlockInfo = m_Blocks[blockIndex];
-
-        if (m_AllAllocations)
-        {
-            VmaBlockMetadata_Generic* pMetadata = (VmaBlockMetadata_Generic*)pBlockInfo->m_pBlock->m_pMetadata;
-            VMA_ASSERT(!pMetadata->IsVirtual());
-            for (VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator it = pMetadata->m_Suballocations.begin();
-                it != pMetadata->m_Suballocations.end();
-                ++it)
-            {
-                if (it->type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
-                {
-                    AllocationInfo allocInfo = AllocationInfo((VmaAllocation)it->userData, VMA_NULL);
-                    pBlockInfo->m_Allocations.push_back(allocInfo);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        pBlockInfo->CalcHasNonMovableAllocations();
-
-        // This is a choice based on research.
-        // Option 1:
-        pBlockInfo->SortAllocationsByOffsetDescending();
-        // Option 2:
-        //pBlockInfo->SortAllocationsBySizeDescending();
-    }
-
-    // Sort m_Blocks this time by the main criterium, from most "destination" to most "source" blocks.
-    VMA_SORT(m_Blocks.begin(), m_Blocks.end(), BlockInfoCompareMoveDestination());
-
-    // This is a choice based on research.
-    const uint32_t roundCount = 2;
-
-    // Execute defragmentation rounds (the main part).
-    VkResult result = VK_SUCCESS;
-    for (uint32_t round = 0; (round < roundCount) && (result == VK_SUCCESS); ++round)
-    {
-        result = DefragmentRound(moves, maxBytesToMove, maxAllocationsToMove, !(flags & VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_INCREMENTAL));
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-#endif // _VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_ALGORITHM_GENERIC_FUNCTIONS
-
-#ifndef _VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_ALGORITHM_FAST_FUNCTIONS
-VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast::VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast(
-    VmaAllocator hAllocator,
-    VmaBlockVector* pBlockVector,
-    bool overlappingMoveSupported)
-    : VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm(hAllocator, pBlockVector),
-    m_OverlappingMoveSupported(overlappingMoveSupported),
-    m_AllocationCount(0),
-    m_AllAllocations(false),
-    m_BytesMoved(0),
-    m_AllocationsMoved(0),
-    m_BlockInfos(VmaStlAllocator<BlockInfo>(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks()))
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN == 0);
-}
-
-VkResult VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast::Defragment(
-    VmaVector<VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove>>& moves,
-    VkDeviceSize maxBytesToMove,
-    uint32_t maxAllocationsToMove,
-    VmaDefragmentationFlags flags)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_AllAllocations || m_pBlockVector->CalcAllocationCount() == m_AllocationCount);
-
-    const size_t blockCount = m_pBlockVector->GetBlockCount();
-    if (blockCount == 0 || maxBytesToMove == 0 || maxAllocationsToMove == 0)
-    {
-        return VK_SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    PreprocessMetadata();
-
-    // Sort blocks in order from most destination.
-
-    m_BlockInfos.resize(blockCount);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < blockCount; ++i)
-    {
-        m_BlockInfos[i].origBlockIndex = i;
-    }
-
-    VMA_SORT(m_BlockInfos.begin(), m_BlockInfos.end(), [this](const BlockInfo& lhs, const BlockInfo& rhs) -> bool {
-        return m_pBlockVector->GetBlock(lhs.origBlockIndex)->m_pMetadata->GetSumFreeSize() <
-            m_pBlockVector->GetBlock(rhs.origBlockIndex)->m_pMetadata->GetSumFreeSize();
-        });
-
-    // THE MAIN ALGORITHM
-
-    FreeSpaceDatabase freeSpaceDb;
-
-    size_t dstBlockInfoIndex = 0;
-    size_t dstOrigBlockIndex = m_BlockInfos[dstBlockInfoIndex].origBlockIndex;
-    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pDstBlock = m_pBlockVector->GetBlock(dstOrigBlockIndex);
-    VmaBlockMetadata_Generic* pDstMetadata = (VmaBlockMetadata_Generic*)pDstBlock->m_pMetadata;
-    VkDeviceSize dstBlockSize = pDstMetadata->GetSize();
-    VkDeviceSize dstOffset = 0;
-
-    bool end = false;
-    for (size_t srcBlockInfoIndex = 0; !end && srcBlockInfoIndex < blockCount; ++srcBlockInfoIndex)
-    {
-        const size_t srcOrigBlockIndex = m_BlockInfos[srcBlockInfoIndex].origBlockIndex;
-        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pSrcBlock = m_pBlockVector->GetBlock(srcOrigBlockIndex);
-        VmaBlockMetadata_Generic* const pSrcMetadata = (VmaBlockMetadata_Generic*)pSrcBlock->m_pMetadata;
-        for (VmaSuballocationList::iterator srcSuballocIt = pSrcMetadata->m_Suballocations.begin();
-            !end && srcSuballocIt != pSrcMetadata->m_Suballocations.end(); )
-        {
-            VmaAllocation const pAlloc = (VmaAllocation)srcSuballocIt->userData;
-            const VkDeviceSize srcAllocAlignment = pAlloc->GetAlignment();
-            const VkDeviceSize srcAllocSize = srcSuballocIt->size;
-            if (m_AllocationsMoved == maxAllocationsToMove ||
-                m_BytesMoved + srcAllocSize > maxBytesToMove)
-            {
-                end = true;
-                break;
-            }
-            const VkDeviceSize srcAllocOffset = srcSuballocIt->offset;
-
-            VmaDefragmentationMove move = {};
-            // Try to place it in one of free spaces from the database.
-            size_t freeSpaceInfoIndex;
-            VkDeviceSize dstAllocOffset;
-            if (freeSpaceDb.Fetch(srcAllocAlignment, srcAllocSize,
-                freeSpaceInfoIndex, dstAllocOffset))
-            {
-                size_t freeSpaceOrigBlockIndex = m_BlockInfos[freeSpaceInfoIndex].origBlockIndex;
-                VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pFreeSpaceBlock = m_pBlockVector->GetBlock(freeSpaceOrigBlockIndex);
-                VmaBlockMetadata_Generic* pFreeSpaceMetadata = (VmaBlockMetadata_Generic*)pFreeSpaceBlock->m_pMetadata;
-
-                // Same block
-                if (freeSpaceInfoIndex == srcBlockInfoIndex)
-                {
-                    VMA_ASSERT(dstAllocOffset <= srcAllocOffset);
-
-                    // MOVE OPTION 1: Move the allocation inside the same block by decreasing offset.
-
-                    VmaSuballocation suballoc = *srcSuballocIt;
-                    suballoc.offset = dstAllocOffset;
-                    ((VmaAllocation)(suballoc.userData))->ChangeAllocHandle((VmaAllocHandle)(dstAllocOffset + 1));
-                    m_BytesMoved += srcAllocSize;
-                    ++m_AllocationsMoved;
-
-                    VmaSuballocationList::iterator nextSuballocIt = srcSuballocIt;
-                    ++nextSuballocIt;
-                    pSrcMetadata->m_Suballocations.erase(srcSuballocIt);
-                    srcSuballocIt = nextSuballocIt;
-
-                    InsertSuballoc(pFreeSpaceMetadata, suballoc);
-
-                    move.srcBlockIndex = srcOrigBlockIndex;
-                    move.dstBlockIndex = freeSpaceOrigBlockIndex;
-                    move.srcOffset = srcAllocOffset;
-                    move.dstOffset = dstAllocOffset;
-                    move.dstHandle = (VmaAllocHandle)(dstAllocOffset + 1);
-                    move.size = srcAllocSize;
-
-                    moves.push_back(move);
-                }
-                // Different block
-                else
-                {
-                    // MOVE OPTION 2: Move the allocation to a different block.
-
-                    VMA_ASSERT(freeSpaceInfoIndex < srcBlockInfoIndex);
-
-                    VmaSuballocation suballoc = *srcSuballocIt;
-                    suballoc.offset = dstAllocOffset;
-                    ((VmaAllocation)(suballoc.userData))->ChangeBlockAllocation(m_hAllocator, pFreeSpaceBlock, (VmaAllocHandle)(dstAllocOffset + 1));
-                    m_BytesMoved += srcAllocSize;
-                    ++m_AllocationsMoved;
-
-                    VmaSuballocationList::iterator nextSuballocIt = srcSuballocIt;
-                    ++nextSuballocIt;
-                    pSrcMetadata->m_Suballocations.erase(srcSuballocIt);
-                    srcSuballocIt = nextSuballocIt;
-
-                    InsertSuballoc(pFreeSpaceMetadata, suballoc);
-
-                    move.srcBlockIndex = srcOrigBlockIndex;
-                    move.dstBlockIndex = freeSpaceOrigBlockIndex;
-                    move.srcOffset = srcAllocOffset;
-                    move.dstOffset = dstAllocOffset;
-                    move.dstHandle = (VmaAllocHandle)(dstAllocOffset + 1);
-                    move.size = srcAllocSize;
-
-                    moves.push_back(move);
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                dstAllocOffset = VmaAlignUp(dstOffset, srcAllocAlignment);
-
-                // If the allocation doesn't fit before the end of dstBlock, forward to next block.
-                while (dstBlockInfoIndex < srcBlockInfoIndex &&
-                    dstAllocOffset + srcAllocSize > dstBlockSize)
-                {
-                    // But before that, register remaining free space at the end of dst block.
-                    freeSpaceDb.Register(dstBlockInfoIndex, dstOffset, dstBlockSize - dstOffset);
-
-                    ++dstBlockInfoIndex;
-                    dstOrigBlockIndex = m_BlockInfos[dstBlockInfoIndex].origBlockIndex;
-                    pDstBlock = m_pBlockVector->GetBlock(dstOrigBlockIndex);
-                    pDstMetadata = (VmaBlockMetadata_Generic*)pDstBlock->m_pMetadata;
-                    dstBlockSize = pDstMetadata->GetSize();
-                    dstOffset = 0;
-                    dstAllocOffset = 0;
-                }
-
-                // Same block
-                if (dstBlockInfoIndex == srcBlockInfoIndex)
-                {
-                    VMA_ASSERT(dstAllocOffset <= srcAllocOffset);
-
-                    const bool overlap = dstAllocOffset + srcAllocSize > srcAllocOffset;
-
-                    bool skipOver = overlap;
-                    if (overlap && m_OverlappingMoveSupported && dstAllocOffset < srcAllocOffset)
-                    {
-                        // If destination and source place overlap, skip if it would move it
-                        // by only < 1/64 of its size.
-                        skipOver = (srcAllocOffset - dstAllocOffset) * 64 < srcAllocSize;
-                    }
-
-                    if (skipOver)
-                    {
-                        freeSpaceDb.Register(dstBlockInfoIndex, dstOffset, srcAllocOffset - dstOffset);
-
-                        dstOffset = srcAllocOffset + srcAllocSize;
-                        ++srcSuballocIt;
-                    }
-                    // MOVE OPTION 1: Move the allocation inside the same block by decreasing offset.
-                    else
-                    {
-                        srcSuballocIt->offset = dstAllocOffset;
-                        ((VmaAllocation)(srcSuballocIt->userData))->ChangeAllocHandle((VmaAllocHandle)(dstAllocOffset + 1));
-                        dstOffset = dstAllocOffset + srcAllocSize;
-                        m_BytesMoved += srcAllocSize;
-                        ++m_AllocationsMoved;
-                        ++srcSuballocIt;
-
-                        move.srcBlockIndex = srcOrigBlockIndex;
-                        move.dstBlockIndex = dstOrigBlockIndex;
-                        move.srcOffset = srcAllocOffset;
-                        move.dstOffset = dstAllocOffset;
-                        move.dstHandle = (VmaAllocHandle)(dstAllocOffset + 1);
-                        move.size = srcAllocSize;
-
-                        moves.push_back(move);
-                    }
-                }
-                // Different block
-                else
-                {
-                    // MOVE OPTION 2: Move the allocation to a different block.
-
-                    VMA_ASSERT(dstBlockInfoIndex < srcBlockInfoIndex);
-                    VMA_ASSERT(dstAllocOffset + srcAllocSize <= dstBlockSize);
-
-                    VmaSuballocation suballoc = *srcSuballocIt;
-                    suballoc.offset = dstAllocOffset;
-                    ((VmaAllocation)(suballoc.userData))->ChangeBlockAllocation(m_hAllocator, pDstBlock, (VmaAllocHandle)(dstAllocOffset + 1));
-                    dstOffset = dstAllocOffset + srcAllocSize;
-                    m_BytesMoved += srcAllocSize;
-                    ++m_AllocationsMoved;
-
-                    VmaSuballocationList::iterator nextSuballocIt = srcSuballocIt;
-                    ++nextSuballocIt;
-                    pSrcMetadata->m_Suballocations.erase(srcSuballocIt);
-                    srcSuballocIt = nextSuballocIt;
-
-                    pDstMetadata->m_Suballocations.push_back(suballoc);
-
-                    move.srcBlockIndex = srcOrigBlockIndex;
-                    move.dstBlockIndex = dstOrigBlockIndex;
-                    move.srcOffset = srcAllocOffset;
-                    move.dstOffset = dstAllocOffset;
-                    move.dstHandle = (VmaAllocHandle)(dstAllocOffset + 1);
-                    move.size = srcAllocSize;
-
-                    moves.push_back(move);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    m_BlockInfos.clear();
-
-    PostprocessMetadata();
-
-    return VK_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast::FreeSpaceDatabase::FreeSpaceDatabase()
-{
-    FreeSpace s = {};
-    s.blockInfoIndex = SIZE_MAX;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_COUNT; ++i)
-    {
-        m_FreeSpaces[i] = s;
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast::FreeSpaceDatabase::Register(size_t blockInfoIndex, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size)
-{
-    // Find first invalid or the smallest structure.
-    size_t bestIndex = SIZE_MAX;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_COUNT; ++i)
-    {
-        // Empty structure.
-        if (m_FreeSpaces[i].blockInfoIndex == SIZE_MAX)
-        {
-            bestIndex = i;
-            break;
-        }
-        if (m_FreeSpaces[i].size < size &&
-            (bestIndex == SIZE_MAX || m_FreeSpaces[bestIndex].size > m_FreeSpaces[i].size))
-        {
-            bestIndex = i;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (bestIndex != SIZE_MAX)
-    {
-        m_FreeSpaces[bestIndex].blockInfoIndex = blockInfoIndex;
-        m_FreeSpaces[bestIndex].offset = offset;
-        m_FreeSpaces[bestIndex].size = size;
-    }
-}
-
-bool VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast::FreeSpaceDatabase::Fetch(VkDeviceSize alignment, VkDeviceSize size,
-    size_t& outBlockInfoIndex, VkDeviceSize& outDstOffset)
-{
-    size_t bestIndex = SIZE_MAX;
-    VkDeviceSize bestFreeSpaceAfter = 0;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_COUNT; ++i)
-    {
-        // Structure is valid.
-        if (m_FreeSpaces[i].blockInfoIndex != SIZE_MAX)
-        {
-            const VkDeviceSize dstOffset = VmaAlignUp(m_FreeSpaces[i].offset, alignment);
-            // Allocation fits into this structure.
-            if (dstOffset + size <= m_FreeSpaces[i].offset + m_FreeSpaces[i].size)
-            {
-                const VkDeviceSize freeSpaceAfter = (m_FreeSpaces[i].offset + m_FreeSpaces[i].size) -
-                    (dstOffset + size);
-                if (bestIndex == SIZE_MAX || freeSpaceAfter > bestFreeSpaceAfter)
-                {
-                    bestIndex = i;
-                    bestFreeSpaceAfter = freeSpaceAfter;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (bestIndex != SIZE_MAX)
-    {
-        outBlockInfoIndex = m_FreeSpaces[bestIndex].blockInfoIndex;
-        outDstOffset = VmaAlignUp(m_FreeSpaces[bestIndex].offset, alignment);
-
-        // Leave this structure for remaining empty space.
-        const VkDeviceSize alignmentPlusSize = (outDstOffset - m_FreeSpaces[bestIndex].offset) + size;
-        m_FreeSpaces[bestIndex].offset += alignmentPlusSize;
-        m_FreeSpaces[bestIndex].size -= alignmentPlusSize;
-
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    return false;
-}
-
-void VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast::PreprocessMetadata()
-{
-    const size_t blockCount = m_pBlockVector->GetBlockCount();
-    for (size_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < blockCount; ++blockIndex)
-    {
-        VmaBlockMetadata_Generic* const pMetadata =
-            (VmaBlockMetadata_Generic*)m_pBlockVector->GetBlock(blockIndex)->m_pMetadata;
-        pMetadata->m_FreeCount = 0;
-        pMetadata->m_SumFreeSize = pMetadata->GetSize();
-        pMetadata->m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.clear();
-        for (VmaSuballocationList::iterator it = pMetadata->m_Suballocations.begin();
-            it != pMetadata->m_Suballocations.end(); )
-        {
-            if (it->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
-            {
-                VmaSuballocationList::iterator nextIt = it;
-                ++nextIt;
-                pMetadata->m_Suballocations.erase(it);
-                it = nextIt;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                ++it;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast::PostprocessMetadata()
-{
-    const size_t blockCount = m_pBlockVector->GetBlockCount();
-    for (size_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < blockCount; ++blockIndex)
-    {
-        VmaBlockMetadata_Generic* const pMetadata =
-            (VmaBlockMetadata_Generic*)m_pBlockVector->GetBlock(blockIndex)->m_pMetadata;
-        const VkDeviceSize blockSize = pMetadata->GetSize();
-
-        // No allocations in this block - entire area is free.
-        if (pMetadata->m_Suballocations.empty())
-        {
-            pMetadata->m_FreeCount = 1;
-            //pMetadata->m_SumFreeSize is already set to blockSize.
-            VmaSuballocation suballoc = {
-                0, // offset
-                blockSize, // size
-                VMA_NULL, // hAllocation
-                VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE };
-            pMetadata->m_Suballocations.push_back(suballoc);
-            pMetadata->RegisterFreeSuballocation(pMetadata->m_Suballocations.begin());
-        }
-        // There are some allocations in this block.
-        else
-        {
-            VkDeviceSize offset = 0;
-            VmaSuballocationList::iterator it;
-            for (it = pMetadata->m_Suballocations.begin();
-                it != pMetadata->m_Suballocations.end();
-                ++it)
-            {
-                VMA_ASSERT(it->type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
-                VMA_ASSERT(it->offset >= offset);
-
-                // Need to insert preceding free space.
-                if (it->offset > offset)
-                {
-                    ++pMetadata->m_FreeCount;
-                    const VkDeviceSize freeSize = it->offset - offset;
-                    VmaSuballocation suballoc = {
-                        offset, // offset
-                        freeSize, // size
-                        VMA_NULL, // hAllocation
-                        VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE };
-                    VmaSuballocationList::iterator precedingFreeIt = pMetadata->m_Suballocations.insert(it, suballoc);
-                    pMetadata->m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.push_back(precedingFreeIt);
-                }
-
-                pMetadata->m_SumFreeSize -= it->size;
-                offset = it->offset + it->size;
-            }
-
-            // Need to insert trailing free space.
-            if (offset < blockSize)
-            {
-                ++pMetadata->m_FreeCount;
-                const VkDeviceSize freeSize = blockSize - offset;
-                VmaSuballocation suballoc = {
-                    offset, // offset
-                    freeSize, // size
-                    VMA_NULL, // hAllocation
-                    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE };
-                VMA_ASSERT(it == pMetadata->m_Suballocations.end());
-                VmaSuballocationList::iterator trailingFreeIt = pMetadata->m_Suballocations.insert(it, suballoc);
-                pMetadata->m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.push_back(trailingFreeIt);
-            }
-
-            VMA_SORT(
-                pMetadata->m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.begin(),
-                pMetadata->m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.end(),
-                VmaSuballocationItemSizeLess());
-        }
-
-        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(pMetadata->Validate());
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast::InsertSuballoc(VmaBlockMetadata_Generic* pMetadata, const VmaSuballocation& suballoc)
-{
-    VmaSuballocationList& suballocs = pMetadata->m_Suballocations;
-    VmaSuballocationList::iterator elementAfter;
-    const VkDeviceSize last = suballocs.rbegin()->offset;
-    const VkDeviceSize first = suballocs.begin()->offset;
-
-    if (last <= suballoc.offset)
-        elementAfter = suballocs.end();
-    else if (first >= suballoc.offset)
-        elementAfter = suballocs.begin();
-    else
-    {
-        const size_t suballocCount = suballocs.size();
-        const VkDeviceSize step = (last - first + suballocs.begin()->size) / suballocCount;
-        // If offset to be inserted is closer to the end of range, search from the end
-        if ((suballoc.offset - first) / step > suballocCount / 2)
-        {
-            elementAfter = suballocs.begin();
-            for (VmaSuballocationList::reverse_iterator suballocItem = ++suballocs.rbegin();
-                suballocItem != suballocs.rend();
-                ++suballocItem)
-            {
-                if (suballocItem->offset <= suballoc.offset)
-                {
-                    elementAfter = --suballocItem;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            elementAfter = suballocs.end();
-            for (VmaSuballocationList::iterator suballocItem = ++suballocs.begin();
-                suballocItem != suballocs.end();
-                ++suballocItem)
-            {
-                if (suballocItem->offset >= suballoc.offset)
-                {
-                    elementAfter = suballocItem;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    pMetadata->m_Suballocations.insert(elementAfter, suballoc);
-}
-#endif // _VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_ALGORITHM_FAST_FUNCTIONS
-
-#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_VECTOR_DEFRAGMENTATION_CONTEXT_FUNCTIONS
-VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext::VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext(
-    VmaAllocator hAllocator,
-    VmaPool hCustomPool,
-    VmaBlockVector* pBlockVector)
-    : res(VK_SUCCESS),
-    mutexLocked(false),
-    blockContexts(VmaStlAllocator<VmaBlockDefragmentationContext>(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks())),
-    defragmentationMoves(VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove>(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks())),
-    defragmentationMovesProcessed(0),
-    defragmentationMovesCommitted(0),
-    hasDefragmentationPlan(0),
-    m_hAllocator(hAllocator),
-    m_hCustomPool(hCustomPool),
-    m_pBlockVector(pBlockVector),
-    m_pAlgorithm(VMA_NULL),
-    m_Allocations(VmaStlAllocator<AllocInfo>(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks())),
-    m_AllAllocations(false) {}
-
-VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext::~VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext()
-{
-    vma_delete(m_hAllocator, m_pAlgorithm);
-}
-
-void VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext::AddAllocation(VmaAllocation hAlloc, VkBool32* pChanged)
-{
-    AllocInfo info = { hAlloc, pChanged };
-    m_Allocations.push_back(info);
-}
-
-void VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext::Begin(bool overlappingMoveSupported, VmaDefragmentationFlags flags)
-{
-    const bool allAllocations = m_AllAllocations ||
-        m_Allocations.size() == m_pBlockVector->CalcAllocationCount();
-
-    /********************************
-    HERE IS THE CHOICE OF DEFRAGMENTATION ALGORITHM.
-    ********************************/
-
-    /*
-    Fast algorithm is supported only when certain criteria are met:
-    - VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN is 0.
-    - All allocations in this block vector are movable.
-    - There is no possibility of image/buffer granularity conflict.
-    - The defragmentation is not incremental
-    */
-    if (VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN == 0 &&
-        allAllocations &&
-        !m_pBlockVector->IsBufferImageGranularityConflictPossible() &&
-        !(flags & VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_INCREMENTAL))
-    {
-        m_pAlgorithm = vma_new(m_hAllocator, VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast)(
-            m_hAllocator, m_pBlockVector, overlappingMoveSupported);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        m_pAlgorithm = vma_new(m_hAllocator, VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic)(
-            m_hAllocator, m_pBlockVector, overlappingMoveSupported);
-    }
-
-    if (allAllocations)
-    {
-        m_pAlgorithm->AddAll();
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        for (size_t i = 0, count = m_Allocations.size(); i < count; ++i)
-        {
-            m_pAlgorithm->AddAllocation(m_Allocations[i].hAlloc, m_Allocations[i].pChanged);
-        }
-    }
-}
-#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_VECTOR_DEFRAGMENTATION_CONTEXT_FUNCTIONS
-
-#ifndef _VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_CONTEXT_FUNCTIONS
-VmaDefragmentationContext_T::VmaDefragmentationContext_T(
-    VmaAllocator hAllocator,
-    uint32_t flags,
-    VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats)
-    : m_hAllocator(hAllocator),
-    m_Flags(flags),
-    m_pStats(pStats),
-    m_CustomPoolContexts(VmaStlAllocator<VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext*>(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks()))
-{
-    memset(m_DefaultPoolContexts, 0, sizeof(m_DefaultPoolContexts));
-}
-
-VmaDefragmentationContext_T::~VmaDefragmentationContext_T()
-{
-    for (size_t i = m_CustomPoolContexts.size(); i--; )
-    {
-        VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pBlockVectorCtx = m_CustomPoolContexts[i];
-        pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector()->DefragmentationEnd(pBlockVectorCtx, m_Flags, m_pStats);
-        vma_delete(m_hAllocator, pBlockVectorCtx);
-    }
-    for (size_t i = m_hAllocator->m_MemProps.memoryTypeCount; i--; )
-    {
-        VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pBlockVectorCtx = m_DefaultPoolContexts[i];
-        if (pBlockVectorCtx)
-        {
-            pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector()->DefragmentationEnd(pBlockVectorCtx, m_Flags, m_pStats);
-            vma_delete(m_hAllocator, pBlockVectorCtx);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaDefragmentationContext_T::AddPools(uint32_t poolCount, const VmaPool* pPools)
-{
-    for (uint32_t poolIndex = 0; poolIndex < poolCount; ++poolIndex)
-    {
-        VmaPool pool = pPools[poolIndex];
-        VMA_ASSERT(pool);
-        // Pools with algorithm other than default are not defragmented.
-        if (pool->m_BlockVector.GetAlgorithm() == 0)
-        {
-            VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pBlockVectorDefragCtx = VMA_NULL;
-
-            for (size_t i = m_CustomPoolContexts.size(); i--; )
-            {
-                if (m_CustomPoolContexts[i]->GetCustomPool() == pool)
-                {
-                    pBlockVectorDefragCtx = m_CustomPoolContexts[i];
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (!pBlockVectorDefragCtx)
-            {
-                pBlockVectorDefragCtx = vma_new(m_hAllocator, VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext)(
-                    m_hAllocator,
-                    pool,
-                    &pool->m_BlockVector);
-                m_CustomPoolContexts.push_back(pBlockVectorDefragCtx);
-            }
-
-            pBlockVectorDefragCtx->AddAll();
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaDefragmentationContext_T::AddAllocations(
-    uint32_t allocationCount,
-    const VmaAllocation* pAllocations,
-    VkBool32* pAllocationsChanged)
-{
-    // Dispatch pAllocations among defragmentators. Create them when necessary.
-    for (uint32_t allocIndex = 0; allocIndex < allocationCount; ++allocIndex)
-    {
-        const VmaAllocation hAlloc = pAllocations[allocIndex];
-        VMA_ASSERT(hAlloc);
-        // DedicatedAlloc cannot be defragmented.
-        if (hAlloc->GetType() == VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK)
-        {
-            VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pBlockVectorDefragCtx = VMA_NULL;
-
-            const VmaPool hAllocPool = hAlloc->GetBlock()->GetParentPool();
-            // This allocation belongs to custom pool.
-            if (hAllocPool != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-            {
-                // Pools with algorithm other than default are not defragmented.
-                if (hAllocPool->m_BlockVector.GetAlgorithm() == 0)
-                {
-                    for (size_t i = m_CustomPoolContexts.size(); i--; )
-                    {
-                        if (m_CustomPoolContexts[i]->GetCustomPool() == hAllocPool)
-                        {
-                            pBlockVectorDefragCtx = m_CustomPoolContexts[i];
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if (!pBlockVectorDefragCtx)
-                    {
-                        pBlockVectorDefragCtx = vma_new(m_hAllocator, VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext)(
-                            m_hAllocator,
-                            hAllocPool,
-                            &hAllocPool->m_BlockVector);
-                        m_CustomPoolContexts.push_back(pBlockVectorDefragCtx);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            // This allocation belongs to default pool.
-            else
-            {
-                const uint32_t memTypeIndex = hAlloc->GetMemoryTypeIndex();
-                pBlockVectorDefragCtx = m_DefaultPoolContexts[memTypeIndex];
-                if (!pBlockVectorDefragCtx)
-                {
-                    VMA_ASSERT(m_hAllocator->m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex] && "Trying to use unsupported memory type!");
-
-                    pBlockVectorDefragCtx = vma_new(m_hAllocator, VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext)(
-                        m_hAllocator,
-                        VMA_NULL, // hCustomPool
-                        m_hAllocator->m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex]);
-                    m_DefaultPoolContexts[memTypeIndex] = pBlockVectorDefragCtx;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (pBlockVectorDefragCtx)
-            {
-                VkBool32* const pChanged = (pAllocationsChanged != VMA_NULL) ?
-                    &pAllocationsChanged[allocIndex] : VMA_NULL;
-                pBlockVectorDefragCtx->AddAllocation(hAlloc, pChanged);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-VkResult VmaDefragmentationContext_T::Defragment(
-    VkDeviceSize maxCpuBytesToMove, uint32_t maxCpuAllocationsToMove,
-    VkDeviceSize maxGpuBytesToMove, uint32_t maxGpuAllocationsToMove,
-    VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats, VmaDefragmentationFlags flags)
-{
-    if (pStats)
-    {
-        memset(pStats, 0, sizeof(VmaDefragmentationStats));
-    }
-
-    if (flags & VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_INCREMENTAL)
-    {
-        // For incremental defragmetnations, we just earmark how much we can move
-        // The real meat is in the defragmentation steps
-        m_MaxCpuBytesToMove = maxCpuBytesToMove;
-        m_MaxCpuAllocationsToMove = maxCpuAllocationsToMove;
-
-        m_MaxGpuBytesToMove = maxGpuBytesToMove;
-        m_MaxGpuAllocationsToMove = maxGpuAllocationsToMove;
-
-        if (m_MaxCpuBytesToMove == 0 && m_MaxCpuAllocationsToMove == 0 &&
-            m_MaxGpuBytesToMove == 0 && m_MaxGpuAllocationsToMove == 0)
-            return VK_SUCCESS;
-
-        return VK_NOT_READY;
-    }
-
-    if (commandBuffer == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-    {
-        maxGpuBytesToMove = 0;
-        maxGpuAllocationsToMove = 0;
-    }
-
-    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
-
-    // Process default pools.
-    for (uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0;
-        memTypeIndex < m_hAllocator->GetMemoryTypeCount() && res >= VK_SUCCESS;
-        ++memTypeIndex)
-    {
-        VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pBlockVectorCtx = m_DefaultPoolContexts[memTypeIndex];
-        if (pBlockVectorCtx)
-        {
-            VMA_ASSERT(pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector());
-            pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector()->Defragment(
-                pBlockVectorCtx,
-                pStats, flags,
-                maxCpuBytesToMove, maxCpuAllocationsToMove,
-                maxGpuBytesToMove, maxGpuAllocationsToMove,
-                commandBuffer);
-            if (pBlockVectorCtx->res != VK_SUCCESS)
-            {
-                res = pBlockVectorCtx->res;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Process custom pools.
-    for (size_t customCtxIndex = 0, customCtxCount = m_CustomPoolContexts.size();
-        customCtxIndex < customCtxCount && res >= VK_SUCCESS;
-        ++customCtxIndex)
-    {
-        VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pBlockVectorCtx = m_CustomPoolContexts[customCtxIndex];
-        VMA_ASSERT(pBlockVectorCtx && pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector());
-        pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector()->Defragment(
-            pBlockVectorCtx,
-            pStats, flags,
-            maxCpuBytesToMove, maxCpuAllocationsToMove,
-            maxGpuBytesToMove, maxGpuAllocationsToMove,
-            commandBuffer);
-        if (pBlockVectorCtx->res != VK_SUCCESS)
-        {
-            res = pBlockVectorCtx->res;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaDefragmentationContext_T::DefragmentPassBegin(VmaDefragmentationPassInfo* pInfo)
-{
-    VmaDefragmentationPassMoveInfo* pCurrentMove = pInfo->pMoves;
-    uint32_t movesLeft = pInfo->moveCount;
-
-    // Process default pools.
-    for (uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0;
-        memTypeIndex < m_hAllocator->GetMemoryTypeCount();
-        ++memTypeIndex)
-    {
-        VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pBlockVectorCtx = m_DefaultPoolContexts[memTypeIndex];
-        if (pBlockVectorCtx)
-        {
-            VMA_ASSERT(pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector());
-
-            if (!pBlockVectorCtx->hasDefragmentationPlan)
-            {
-                pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector()->Defragment(
-                    pBlockVectorCtx,
-                    m_pStats, m_Flags,
-                    m_MaxCpuBytesToMove, m_MaxCpuAllocationsToMove,
-                    m_MaxGpuBytesToMove, m_MaxGpuAllocationsToMove,
-                    VK_NULL_HANDLE);
-
-                if (pBlockVectorCtx->res < VK_SUCCESS)
-                    continue;
-
-                pBlockVectorCtx->hasDefragmentationPlan = true;
-            }
-
-            const uint32_t processed = pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector()->ProcessDefragmentations(
-                pBlockVectorCtx,
-                pCurrentMove, movesLeft);
-
-            movesLeft -= processed;
-            pCurrentMove += processed;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Process custom pools.
-    for (size_t customCtxIndex = 0, customCtxCount = m_CustomPoolContexts.size();
-        customCtxIndex < customCtxCount;
-        ++customCtxIndex)
-    {
-        VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pBlockVectorCtx = m_CustomPoolContexts[customCtxIndex];
-        VMA_ASSERT(pBlockVectorCtx && pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector());
-
-        if (!pBlockVectorCtx->hasDefragmentationPlan)
-        {
-            pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector()->Defragment(
-                pBlockVectorCtx,
-                m_pStats, m_Flags,
-                m_MaxCpuBytesToMove, m_MaxCpuAllocationsToMove,
-                m_MaxGpuBytesToMove, m_MaxGpuAllocationsToMove,
-                VK_NULL_HANDLE);
-
-            if (pBlockVectorCtx->res < VK_SUCCESS)
-                continue;
-
-            pBlockVectorCtx->hasDefragmentationPlan = true;
-        }
-
-        const uint32_t processed = pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector()->ProcessDefragmentations(
-            pBlockVectorCtx,
-            pCurrentMove, movesLeft);
-
-        movesLeft -= processed;
-        pCurrentMove += processed;
-    }
-
-    pInfo->moveCount = pInfo->moveCount - movesLeft;
-
-    return VK_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaDefragmentationContext_T::DefragmentPassEnd()
-{
-    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
-
-    // Process default pools.
-    for (uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0;
-        memTypeIndex < m_hAllocator->GetMemoryTypeCount();
-        ++memTypeIndex)
-    {
-        VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pBlockVectorCtx = m_DefaultPoolContexts[memTypeIndex];
-        if (pBlockVectorCtx)
-        {
-            VMA_ASSERT(pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector());
-
-            if (!pBlockVectorCtx->hasDefragmentationPlan)
-            {
-                res = VK_NOT_READY;
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector()->CommitDefragmentations(
-                pBlockVectorCtx, m_pStats);
-
-            if (pBlockVectorCtx->defragmentationMoves.size() != pBlockVectorCtx->defragmentationMovesCommitted)
-                res = VK_NOT_READY;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Process custom pools.
-    for (size_t customCtxIndex = 0, customCtxCount = m_CustomPoolContexts.size();
-        customCtxIndex < customCtxCount;
-        ++customCtxIndex)
-    {
-        VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pBlockVectorCtx = m_CustomPoolContexts[customCtxIndex];
-        VMA_ASSERT(pBlockVectorCtx && pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector());
-
-        if (!pBlockVectorCtx->hasDefragmentationPlan)
-        {
-            res = VK_NOT_READY;
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector()->CommitDefragmentations(
-            pBlockVectorCtx, m_pStats);
-
-        if (pBlockVectorCtx->defragmentationMoves.size() != pBlockVectorCtx->defragmentationMovesCommitted)
-            res = VK_NOT_READY;
-    }
-
-    return res;
-}
-#endif // _VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_CONTEXT_FUNCTIONS
-
-#ifndef _VMA_POOL_T_FUNCTIONS
-VmaPool_T::VmaPool_T(
-    VmaAllocator hAllocator,
-    const VmaPoolCreateInfo& createInfo,
-    VkDeviceSize preferredBlockSize)
-    : m_BlockVector(
-        hAllocator,
-        this, // hParentPool
-        createInfo.memoryTypeIndex,
-        createInfo.blockSize != 0 ? createInfo.blockSize : preferredBlockSize,
-        createInfo.minBlockCount,
-        createInfo.maxBlockCount,
-        (createInfo.flags& VMA_POOL_CREATE_IGNORE_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY_BIT) != 0 ? 1 : hAllocator->GetBufferImageGranularity(),
-        createInfo.blockSize != 0, // explicitBlockSize
-        createInfo.flags & VMA_POOL_CREATE_ALGORITHM_MASK, // algorithm
-        createInfo.priority,
-        VMA_MAX(hAllocator->GetMemoryTypeMinAlignment(createInfo.memoryTypeIndex), createInfo.minAllocationAlignment),
-        createInfo.pMemoryAllocateNext),
-    m_Id(0),
-    m_Name(VMA_NULL) {}
-
-VmaPool_T::~VmaPool_T()
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_PrevPool == VMA_NULL && m_NextPool == VMA_NULL);
-}
-
-void VmaPool_T::SetName(const char* pName)
-{
-    const VkAllocationCallbacks* allocs = m_BlockVector.GetAllocator()->GetAllocationCallbacks();
-    VmaFreeString(allocs, m_Name);
-
-    if (pName != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        m_Name = VmaCreateStringCopy(allocs, pName);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        m_Name = VMA_NULL;
-    }
-}
-#endif // _VMA_POOL_T_FUNCTIONS
-
-#ifndef _VMA_ALLOCATOR_T_FUNCTIONS
-VmaAllocator_T::VmaAllocator_T(const VmaAllocatorCreateInfo* pCreateInfo) :
-    m_UseMutex((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT) == 0),
-    m_VulkanApiVersion(pCreateInfo->vulkanApiVersion != 0 ? pCreateInfo->vulkanApiVersion : VK_API_VERSION_1_0),
-    m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT) != 0),
-    m_UseKhrBindMemory2((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_BIND_MEMORY2_BIT) != 0),
-    m_UseExtMemoryBudget((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_BUDGET_BIT) != 0),
-    m_UseAmdDeviceCoherentMemory((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_AMD_DEVICE_COHERENT_MEMORY_BIT) != 0),
-    m_UseKhrBufferDeviceAddress((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT) != 0),
-    m_UseExtMemoryPriority((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_PRIORITY_BIT) != 0),
-    m_hDevice(pCreateInfo->device),
-    m_hInstance(pCreateInfo->instance),
-    m_AllocationCallbacksSpecified(pCreateInfo->pAllocationCallbacks != VMA_NULL),
-    m_AllocationCallbacks(pCreateInfo->pAllocationCallbacks ?
-        *pCreateInfo->pAllocationCallbacks : VmaEmptyAllocationCallbacks),
-    m_AllocationObjectAllocator(&m_AllocationCallbacks),
-    m_HeapSizeLimitMask(0),
-    m_DeviceMemoryCount(0),
-    m_PreferredLargeHeapBlockSize(0),
-    m_PhysicalDevice(pCreateInfo->physicalDevice),
-    m_GpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits(UINT32_MAX),
-    m_NextPoolId(0),
-    m_GlobalMemoryTypeBits(UINT32_MAX)
-{
-    if(m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0))
-    {
-        m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation = false;
-        m_UseKhrBindMemory2 = false;
-    }
-
-    if(VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION)
-    {
-        // Needs to be multiply of uint32_t size because we are going to write VMA_CORRUPTION_DETECTION_MAGIC_VALUE to it.
-        VMA_ASSERT(VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN % sizeof(uint32_t) == 0);
-    }
-
-    VMA_ASSERT(pCreateInfo->physicalDevice && pCreateInfo->device && pCreateInfo->instance);
-
-    if(m_VulkanApiVersion < VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0))
-    {
-#if !(VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION)
-        if((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT) != 0)
-        {
-            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT set but required extensions are disabled by preprocessor macros.");
-        }
-#endif
-#if !(VMA_BIND_MEMORY2)
-        if((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_BIND_MEMORY2_BIT) != 0)
-        {
-            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_BIND_MEMORY2_BIT set but required extension is disabled by preprocessor macros.");
-        }
-#endif
-    }
-#if !(VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET)
-    if((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_BUDGET_BIT) != 0)
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_BUDGET_BIT set but required extension is disabled by preprocessor macros.");
-    }
-#endif
-#if !(VMA_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS)
-    if(m_UseKhrBufferDeviceAddress)
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT is set but required extension or Vulkan 1.2 is not available in your Vulkan header or its support in VMA has been disabled by a preprocessor macro.");
-    }
-#endif
-#if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION < 1002000
-    if(m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 2, 0))
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "vulkanApiVersion >= VK_API_VERSION_1_2 but required Vulkan version is disabled by preprocessor macros.");
-    }
-#endif
-#if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION < 1001000
-    if(m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0))
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "vulkanApiVersion >= VK_API_VERSION_1_1 but required Vulkan version is disabled by preprocessor macros.");
-    }
-#endif
-#if !(VMA_MEMORY_PRIORITY)
-    if(m_UseExtMemoryPriority)
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_PRIORITY_BIT is set but required extension is not available in your Vulkan header or its support in VMA has been disabled by a preprocessor macro.");
-    }
-#endif
-
-    memset(&m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks, 0 ,sizeof(m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks));
-    memset(&m_PhysicalDeviceProperties, 0, sizeof(m_PhysicalDeviceProperties));
-    memset(&m_MemProps, 0, sizeof(m_MemProps));
-
-    memset(&m_pBlockVectors, 0, sizeof(m_pBlockVectors));
-    memset(&m_VulkanFunctions, 0, sizeof(m_VulkanFunctions));
-
-#if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
-    memset(&m_TypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes, 0, sizeof(m_TypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes));
-#endif // #if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
-
-    if(pCreateInfo->pDeviceMemoryCallbacks != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pUserData = pCreateInfo->pDeviceMemoryCallbacks->pUserData;
-        m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pfnAllocate = pCreateInfo->pDeviceMemoryCallbacks->pfnAllocate;
-        m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pfnFree = pCreateInfo->pDeviceMemoryCallbacks->pfnFree;
-    }
-
-    ImportVulkanFunctions(pCreateInfo->pVulkanFunctions);
-
-    (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties)(m_PhysicalDevice, &m_PhysicalDeviceProperties);
-    (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties)(m_PhysicalDevice, &m_MemProps);
-
-    VMA_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(VMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT));
-    VMA_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(VMA_DEBUG_MIN_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY));
-    VMA_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.bufferImageGranularity));
-    VMA_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.nonCoherentAtomSize));
-
-    m_PreferredLargeHeapBlockSize = (pCreateInfo->preferredLargeHeapBlockSize != 0) ?
-        pCreateInfo->preferredLargeHeapBlockSize : static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(VMA_DEFAULT_LARGE_HEAP_BLOCK_SIZE);
-
-    m_GlobalMemoryTypeBits = CalculateGlobalMemoryTypeBits();
-
-#if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
-    if(pCreateInfo->pTypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        memcpy(m_TypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes, pCreateInfo->pTypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes,
-            sizeof(VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagsKHR) * GetMemoryTypeCount());
-    }
-#endif // #if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
-
-    if(pCreateInfo->pHeapSizeLimit != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        for(uint32_t heapIndex = 0; heapIndex < GetMemoryHeapCount(); ++heapIndex)
-        {
-            const VkDeviceSize limit = pCreateInfo->pHeapSizeLimit[heapIndex];
-            if(limit != VK_WHOLE_SIZE)
-            {
-                m_HeapSizeLimitMask |= 1u << heapIndex;
-                if(limit < m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size)
-                {
-                    m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size = limit;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)
-    {
-        // Create only supported types
-        if((m_GlobalMemoryTypeBits & (1u << memTypeIndex)) != 0)
-        {
-            const VkDeviceSize preferredBlockSize = CalcPreferredBlockSize(memTypeIndex);
-            m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex] = vma_new(this, VmaBlockVector)(
-                this,
-                VK_NULL_HANDLE, // hParentPool
-                memTypeIndex,
-                preferredBlockSize,
-                0,
-                SIZE_MAX,
-                GetBufferImageGranularity(),
-                false, // explicitBlockSize
-                0, // algorithm
-                0.5f, // priority (0.5 is the default per Vulkan spec)
-                GetMemoryTypeMinAlignment(memTypeIndex), // minAllocationAlignment
-                VMA_NULL); // // pMemoryAllocateNext
-            // No need to call m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex][blockVectorTypeIndex]->CreateMinBlocks here,
-            // becase minBlockCount is 0.
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::Init(const VmaAllocatorCreateInfo* pCreateInfo)
-{
-    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
-
-#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
-    if(m_UseExtMemoryBudget)
-    {
-        UpdateVulkanBudget();
-    }
-#endif // #if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-VmaAllocator_T::~VmaAllocator_T()
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_Pools.IsEmpty());
-
-    for(size_t memTypeIndex = GetMemoryTypeCount(); memTypeIndex--; )
-    {
-        vma_delete(this, m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex]);
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaAllocator_T::ImportVulkanFunctions(const VmaVulkanFunctions* pVulkanFunctions)
-{
-#if VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS == 1
-    ImportVulkanFunctions_Static();
-#endif
-
-    if(pVulkanFunctions != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        ImportVulkanFunctions_Custom(pVulkanFunctions);
-    }
-
-#if VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS == 1
-    ImportVulkanFunctions_Dynamic();
-#endif
-
-    ValidateVulkanFunctions();
-}
-
-#if VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS == 1
-
-void VmaAllocator_T::ImportVulkanFunctions_Static()
-{
-    // Vulkan 1.0
-    m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetInstanceProcAddr = (PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr)vkGetInstanceProcAddr;
-    m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetDeviceProcAddr = (PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr)vkGetDeviceProcAddr;
-    m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties = (PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties)vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties;
-    m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties = (PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties)vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties;
-    m_VulkanFunctions.vkAllocateMemory = (PFN_vkAllocateMemory)vkAllocateMemory;
-    m_VulkanFunctions.vkFreeMemory = (PFN_vkFreeMemory)vkFreeMemory;
-    m_VulkanFunctions.vkMapMemory = (PFN_vkMapMemory)vkMapMemory;
-    m_VulkanFunctions.vkUnmapMemory = (PFN_vkUnmapMemory)vkUnmapMemory;
-    m_VulkanFunctions.vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges = (PFN_vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges)vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges;
-    m_VulkanFunctions.vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges = (PFN_vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges)vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges;
-    m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory = (PFN_vkBindBufferMemory)vkBindBufferMemory;
-    m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory = (PFN_vkBindImageMemory)vkBindImageMemory;
-    m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements = (PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements)vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements;
-    m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements = (PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements)vkGetImageMemoryRequirements;
-    m_VulkanFunctions.vkCreateBuffer = (PFN_vkCreateBuffer)vkCreateBuffer;
-    m_VulkanFunctions.vkDestroyBuffer = (PFN_vkDestroyBuffer)vkDestroyBuffer;
-    m_VulkanFunctions.vkCreateImage = (PFN_vkCreateImage)vkCreateImage;
-    m_VulkanFunctions.vkDestroyImage = (PFN_vkDestroyImage)vkDestroyImage;
-    m_VulkanFunctions.vkCmdCopyBuffer = (PFN_vkCmdCopyBuffer)vkCmdCopyBuffer;
-
-    // Vulkan 1.1
-#if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
-    if(m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0))
-    {
-        m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR = (PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2)vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2;
-        m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR = (PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2)vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2;
-        m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory2KHR = (PFN_vkBindBufferMemory2)vkBindBufferMemory2;
-        m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory2KHR = (PFN_vkBindImageMemory2)vkBindImageMemory2;
-        m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR = (PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2)vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2;
-    }
-#endif
-}
-
-#endif // VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS == 1
-
-void VmaAllocator_T::ImportVulkanFunctions_Custom(const VmaVulkanFunctions* pVulkanFunctions)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(pVulkanFunctions != VMA_NULL);
-
-#define VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(funcName) \
-    if(pVulkanFunctions->funcName != VMA_NULL) m_VulkanFunctions.funcName = pVulkanFunctions->funcName;
-
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetInstanceProcAddr);
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetDeviceProcAddr);
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties);
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties);
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkAllocateMemory);
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkFreeMemory);
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkMapMemory);
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkUnmapMemory);
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges);
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges);
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkBindBufferMemory);
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkBindImageMemory);
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements);
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetImageMemoryRequirements);
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkCreateBuffer);
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkDestroyBuffer);
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkCreateImage);
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkDestroyImage);
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkCmdCopyBuffer);
-
-#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR);
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR);
-#endif
-
-#if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2 || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkBindBufferMemory2KHR);
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkBindImageMemory2KHR);
-#endif
-
-#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
-    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR);
-#endif
-
-#undef VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL
-}
-
-#if VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS == 1
-
-void VmaAllocator_T::ImportVulkanFunctions_Dynamic()
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetInstanceProcAddr && m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetDeviceProcAddr &&
-        "To use VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS in new versions of VMA you now have to pass "
-        "VmaVulkanFunctions::vkGetInstanceProcAddr and vkGetDeviceProcAddr as VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pVulkanFunctions. "
-        "Other members can be null.");
-
-#define VMA_FETCH_INSTANCE_FUNC(memberName, functionPointerType, functionNameString) \
-    if(m_VulkanFunctions.memberName == VMA_NULL) \
-        m_VulkanFunctions.memberName = \
-            (functionPointerType)m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetInstanceProcAddr(m_hInstance, functionNameString);
-#define VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(memberName, functionPointerType, functionNameString) \
-    if(m_VulkanFunctions.memberName == VMA_NULL) \
-        m_VulkanFunctions.memberName = \
-            (functionPointerType)m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetDeviceProcAddr(m_hDevice, functionNameString);
-
-    VMA_FETCH_INSTANCE_FUNC(vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties, PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties");
-    VMA_FETCH_INSTANCE_FUNC(vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties, PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties");
-    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkAllocateMemory, PFN_vkAllocateMemory, "vkAllocateMemory");
-    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkFreeMemory, PFN_vkFreeMemory, "vkFreeMemory");
-    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkMapMemory, PFN_vkMapMemory, "vkMapMemory");
-    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkUnmapMemory, PFN_vkUnmapMemory, "vkUnmapMemory");
-    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges, PFN_vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges, "vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges");
-    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges, PFN_vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges, "vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges");
-    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkBindBufferMemory, PFN_vkBindBufferMemory, "vkBindBufferMemory");
-    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkBindImageMemory, PFN_vkBindImageMemory, "vkBindImageMemory");
-    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements, PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements, "vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements");
-    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkGetImageMemoryRequirements, PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements, "vkGetImageMemoryRequirements");
-    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkCreateBuffer, PFN_vkCreateBuffer, "vkCreateBuffer");
-    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkDestroyBuffer, PFN_vkDestroyBuffer, "vkDestroyBuffer");
-    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkCreateImage, PFN_vkCreateImage, "vkCreateImage");
-    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkDestroyImage, PFN_vkDestroyImage, "vkDestroyImage");
-    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkCmdCopyBuffer, PFN_vkCmdCopyBuffer, "vkCmdCopyBuffer");
-
-#if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
-    if(m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0))
-    {
-        VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR, PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2, "vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2");
-        VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR, PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2, "vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2");
-        VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkBindBufferMemory2KHR, PFN_vkBindBufferMemory2, "vkBindBufferMemory2");
-        VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkBindImageMemory2KHR, PFN_vkBindImageMemory2, "vkBindImageMemory2");
-        VMA_FETCH_INSTANCE_FUNC(vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR, PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2");
-    }
-#endif
-
-#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION
-    if(m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation)
-    {
-        VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR, PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR, "vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR");
-        VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR, PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR, "vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR");
-    }
-#endif
-
-#if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2
-    if(m_UseKhrBindMemory2)
-    {
-        VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkBindBufferMemory2KHR, PFN_vkBindBufferMemory2KHR, "vkBindBufferMemory2KHR");
-        VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkBindImageMemory2KHR, PFN_vkBindImageMemory2KHR, "vkBindImageMemory2KHR");
-    }
-#endif // #if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2
-
-#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
-    if(m_UseExtMemoryBudget)
-    {
-        VMA_FETCH_INSTANCE_FUNC(vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR, PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR");
-    }
-#endif // #if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
-
-#undef VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC
-#undef VMA_FETCH_INSTANCE_FUNC
-}
-
-#endif // VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS == 1
-
-void VmaAllocator_T::ValidateVulkanFunctions()
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkAllocateMemory != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkFreeMemory != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkMapMemory != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkUnmapMemory != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkCreateBuffer != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkDestroyBuffer != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkCreateImage != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkDestroyImage != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkCmdCopyBuffer != VMA_NULL);
-
-#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
-    if(m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0) || m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation)
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR != VMA_NULL);
-        VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR != VMA_NULL);
-    }
-#endif
-
-#if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2 || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
-    if(m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0) || m_UseKhrBindMemory2)
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory2KHR != VMA_NULL);
-        VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory2KHR != VMA_NULL);
-    }
-#endif
-
-#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
-    if(m_UseExtMemoryBudget || m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0))
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR != VMA_NULL);
-    }
-#endif
-}
-
-VkDeviceSize VmaAllocator_T::CalcPreferredBlockSize(uint32_t memTypeIndex)
-{
-    const uint32_t heapIndex = MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(memTypeIndex);
-    const VkDeviceSize heapSize = m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size;
-    const bool isSmallHeap = heapSize <= VMA_SMALL_HEAP_MAX_SIZE;
-    return VmaAlignUp(isSmallHeap ? (heapSize / 8) : m_PreferredLargeHeapBlockSize, (VkDeviceSize)32);
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::AllocateMemoryOfType(
-    VmaPool pool,
-    VkDeviceSize size,
-    VkDeviceSize alignment,
-    bool dedicatedPreferred,
-    VkBuffer dedicatedBuffer,
-    VkBufferUsageFlags dedicatedBufferUsage,
-    VkImage dedicatedImage,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,
-    uint32_t memTypeIndex,
-    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
-    VmaDedicatedAllocationList& dedicatedAllocations,
-    VmaBlockVector& blockVector,
-    size_t allocationCount,
-    VmaAllocation* pAllocations)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocations != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("  AllocateMemory: MemoryTypeIndex=%u, AllocationCount=%zu, Size=%llu", memTypeIndex, allocationCount, size);
-
-    VmaAllocationCreateInfo finalCreateInfo = createInfo;
-    VkResult res = CalcMemTypeParams(
-        finalCreateInfo,
-        memTypeIndex,
-        size,
-        allocationCount);
-    if(res != VK_SUCCESS)
-        return res;
-
-    if((finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT) != 0)
-    {
-        return AllocateDedicatedMemory(
-            pool,
-            size,
-            suballocType,
-            dedicatedAllocations,
-            memTypeIndex,
-            (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT) != 0,
-            (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT) != 0,
-            (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_ALIAS_BIT) != 0,
-            finalCreateInfo.pUserData,
-            finalCreateInfo.priority,
-            dedicatedBuffer,
-            dedicatedBufferUsage,
-            dedicatedImage,
-            allocationCount,
-            pAllocations,
-            blockVector.GetAllocationNextPtr());
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        const bool canAllocateDedicated =
-            (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT) == 0 &&
-            (pool == VK_NULL_HANDLE || !blockVector.HasExplicitBlockSize());
-
-        if(canAllocateDedicated)
-        {
-            // Heuristics: Allocate dedicated memory if requested size if greater than half of preferred block size.
-            if(size > blockVector.GetPreferredBlockSize() / 2)
-            {
-                dedicatedPreferred = true;
-            }
-            // Protection against creating each allocation as dedicated when we reach or exceed heap size/budget,
-            // which can quickly deplete maxMemoryAllocationCount: Don't prefer dedicated allocations when above
-            // 3/4 of the maximum allocation count.
-            if(m_DeviceMemoryCount.load() > m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.maxMemoryAllocationCount * 3 / 4)
-            {
-                dedicatedPreferred = false;
-            }
-
-            if(dedicatedPreferred)
-            {
-                res = AllocateDedicatedMemory(
-                    pool,
-                    size,
-                    suballocType,
-                    dedicatedAllocations,
-                    memTypeIndex,
-                    (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT) != 0,
-                    (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT) != 0,
-                    (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_ALIAS_BIT) != 0,
-                    finalCreateInfo.pUserData,
-                    finalCreateInfo.priority,
-                    dedicatedBuffer,
-                    dedicatedBufferUsage,
-                    dedicatedImage,
-                    allocationCount,
-                    pAllocations,
-                    blockVector.GetAllocationNextPtr());
-                if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
-                {
-                    // Succeeded: AllocateDedicatedMemory function already filld pMemory, nothing more to do here.
-                    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Allocated as DedicatedMemory");
-                    return VK_SUCCESS;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        res = blockVector.Allocate(
-            size,
-            alignment,
-            finalCreateInfo,
-            suballocType,
-            allocationCount,
-            pAllocations);
-        if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
-            return VK_SUCCESS;
-
-        // Try dedicated memory.
-        if(canAllocateDedicated && !dedicatedPreferred)
-        {
-            res = AllocateDedicatedMemory(
-                pool,
-                size,
-                suballocType,
-                dedicatedAllocations,
-                memTypeIndex,
-                (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT) != 0,
-                (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT) != 0,
-                (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_ALIAS_BIT) != 0,
-                finalCreateInfo.pUserData,
-                finalCreateInfo.priority,
-                dedicatedBuffer,
-                dedicatedBufferUsage,
-                dedicatedImage,
-                allocationCount,
-                pAllocations,
-                blockVector.GetAllocationNextPtr());
-            if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
-            {
-                // Succeeded: AllocateDedicatedMemory function already filld pMemory, nothing more to do here.
-                VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Allocated as DedicatedMemory");
-                return VK_SUCCESS;
-            }
-        }
-        // Everything failed: Return error code.
-        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    vkAllocateMemory FAILED");
-        return res;
-    }
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::AllocateDedicatedMemory(
-    VmaPool pool,
-    VkDeviceSize size,
-    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
-    VmaDedicatedAllocationList& dedicatedAllocations,
-    uint32_t memTypeIndex,
-    bool map,
-    bool isUserDataString,
-    bool canAliasMemory,
-    void* pUserData,
-    float priority,
-    VkBuffer dedicatedBuffer,
-    VkBufferUsageFlags dedicatedBufferUsage,
-    VkImage dedicatedImage,
-    size_t allocationCount,
-    VmaAllocation* pAllocations,
-    const void* pNextChain)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocationCount > 0 && pAllocations);
-
-    VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO };
-    allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = memTypeIndex;
-    allocInfo.allocationSize = size;
-    allocInfo.pNext = pNextChain;
-
-#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
-    VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfoKHR dedicatedAllocInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_DEDICATED_ALLOCATE_INFO_KHR };
-    if(!canAliasMemory)
-    {
-        if(m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation || m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0))
-        {
-            if(dedicatedBuffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-            {
-                VMA_ASSERT(dedicatedImage == VK_NULL_HANDLE);
-                dedicatedAllocInfo.buffer = dedicatedBuffer;
-                VmaPnextChainPushFront(&allocInfo, &dedicatedAllocInfo);
-            }
-            else if(dedicatedImage != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-            {
-                dedicatedAllocInfo.image = dedicatedImage;
-                VmaPnextChainPushFront(&allocInfo, &dedicatedAllocInfo);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-#endif // #if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
-
-#if VMA_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS
-    VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfoKHR allocFlagsInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_FLAGS_INFO_KHR };
-    if(m_UseKhrBufferDeviceAddress)
-    {
-        bool canContainBufferWithDeviceAddress = true;
-        if(dedicatedBuffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-        {
-            canContainBufferWithDeviceAddress = dedicatedBufferUsage == UINT32_MAX || // Usage flags unknown
-                (dedicatedBufferUsage & VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT_EXT) != 0;
-        }
-        else if(dedicatedImage != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-        {
-            canContainBufferWithDeviceAddress = false;
-        }
-        if(canContainBufferWithDeviceAddress)
-        {
-            allocFlagsInfo.flags = VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT_KHR;
-            VmaPnextChainPushFront(&allocInfo, &allocFlagsInfo);
-        }
-    }
-#endif // #if VMA_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS
-
-#if VMA_MEMORY_PRIORITY
-    VkMemoryPriorityAllocateInfoEXT priorityInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_PRIORITY_ALLOCATE_INFO_EXT };
-    if(m_UseExtMemoryPriority)
-    {
-        priorityInfo.priority = priority;
-        VmaPnextChainPushFront(&allocInfo, &priorityInfo);
-    }
-#endif // #if VMA_MEMORY_PRIORITY
-
-#if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
-    // Attach VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR if necessary.
-    VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR exportMemoryAllocInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXPORT_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO_KHR };
-    exportMemoryAllocInfo.handleTypes = GetExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlags(memTypeIndex);
-    if(exportMemoryAllocInfo.handleTypes != 0)
-    {
-        VmaPnextChainPushFront(&allocInfo, &exportMemoryAllocInfo);
-    }
-#endif // #if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
-
-    size_t allocIndex;
-    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
-    for(allocIndex = 0; allocIndex < allocationCount; ++allocIndex)
-    {
-        res = AllocateDedicatedMemoryPage(
-            pool,
-            size,
-            suballocType,
-            memTypeIndex,
-            allocInfo,
-            map,
-            isUserDataString,
-            pUserData,
-            pAllocations + allocIndex);
-        if(res != VK_SUCCESS)
-        {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
-    {
-        for (allocIndex = 0; allocIndex < allocationCount; ++allocIndex)
-        {
-            dedicatedAllocations.Register(pAllocations[allocIndex]);
-        }
-        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Allocated DedicatedMemory Count=%zu, MemoryTypeIndex=#%u", allocationCount, memTypeIndex);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // Free all already created allocations.
-        while(allocIndex--)
-        {
-            VmaAllocation currAlloc = pAllocations[allocIndex];
-            VkDeviceMemory hMemory = currAlloc->GetMemory();
-
-            /*
-            There is no need to call this, because Vulkan spec allows to skip vkUnmapMemory
-            before vkFreeMemory.
-
-            if(currAlloc->GetMappedData() != VMA_NULL)
-            {
-                (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkUnmapMemory)(m_hDevice, hMemory);
-            }
-            */
-
-            FreeVulkanMemory(memTypeIndex, currAlloc->GetSize(), hMemory);
-            m_Budget.RemoveAllocation(MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(memTypeIndex), currAlloc->GetSize());
-            currAlloc->SetUserData(this, VMA_NULL);
-            m_AllocationObjectAllocator.Free(currAlloc);
-        }
-
-        memset(pAllocations, 0, sizeof(VmaAllocation) * allocationCount);
-    }
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::AllocateDedicatedMemoryPage(
-    VmaPool pool,
-    VkDeviceSize size,
-    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
-    uint32_t memTypeIndex,
-    const VkMemoryAllocateInfo& allocInfo,
-    bool map,
-    bool isUserDataString,
-    void* pUserData,
-    VmaAllocation* pAllocation)
-{
-    VkDeviceMemory hMemory = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    VkResult res = AllocateVulkanMemory(&allocInfo, &hMemory);
-    if(res < 0)
-    {
-        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    vkAllocateMemory FAILED");
-        return res;
-    }
-
-    void* pMappedData = VMA_NULL;
-    if(map)
-    {
-        res = (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkMapMemory)(
-            m_hDevice,
-            hMemory,
-            0,
-            VK_WHOLE_SIZE,
-            0,
-            &pMappedData);
-        if(res < 0)
-        {
-            VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    vkMapMemory FAILED");
-            FreeVulkanMemory(memTypeIndex, size, hMemory);
-            return res;
-        }
-    }
-
-    *pAllocation = m_AllocationObjectAllocator.Allocate(isUserDataString);
-    (*pAllocation)->InitDedicatedAllocation(pool, memTypeIndex, hMemory, suballocType, pMappedData, size);
-    (*pAllocation)->SetUserData(this, pUserData);
-    m_Budget.AddAllocation(MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(memTypeIndex), size);
-    if(VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS)
-    {
-        FillAllocation(*pAllocation, VMA_ALLOCATION_FILL_PATTERN_CREATED);
-    }
-
-    return VK_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-void VmaAllocator_T::GetBufferMemoryRequirements(
-    VkBuffer hBuffer,
-    VkMemoryRequirements& memReq,
-    bool& requiresDedicatedAllocation,
-    bool& prefersDedicatedAllocation) const
-{
-#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
-    if(m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation || m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0))
-    {
-        VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2KHR memReqInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO_2_KHR };
-        memReqInfo.buffer = hBuffer;
-
-        VkMemoryDedicatedRequirementsKHR memDedicatedReq = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_DEDICATED_REQUIREMENTS_KHR };
-
-        VkMemoryRequirements2KHR memReq2 = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2_KHR };
-        VmaPnextChainPushFront(&memReq2, &memDedicatedReq);
-
-        (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR)(m_hDevice, &memReqInfo, &memReq2);
-
-        memReq = memReq2.memoryRequirements;
-        requiresDedicatedAllocation = (memDedicatedReq.requiresDedicatedAllocation != VK_FALSE);
-        prefersDedicatedAllocation  = (memDedicatedReq.prefersDedicatedAllocation  != VK_FALSE);
-    }
-    else
-#endif // #if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
-    {
-        (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements)(m_hDevice, hBuffer, &memReq);
-        requiresDedicatedAllocation = false;
-        prefersDedicatedAllocation  = false;
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaAllocator_T::GetImageMemoryRequirements(
-    VkImage hImage,
-    VkMemoryRequirements& memReq,
-    bool& requiresDedicatedAllocation,
-    bool& prefersDedicatedAllocation) const
-{
-#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
-    if(m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation || m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0))
-    {
-        VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2KHR memReqInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO_2_KHR };
-        memReqInfo.image = hImage;
-
-        VkMemoryDedicatedRequirementsKHR memDedicatedReq = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_DEDICATED_REQUIREMENTS_KHR };
-
-        VkMemoryRequirements2KHR memReq2 = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2_KHR };
-        VmaPnextChainPushFront(&memReq2, &memDedicatedReq);
-
-        (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR)(m_hDevice, &memReqInfo, &memReq2);
-
-        memReq = memReq2.memoryRequirements;
-        requiresDedicatedAllocation = (memDedicatedReq.requiresDedicatedAllocation != VK_FALSE);
-        prefersDedicatedAllocation  = (memDedicatedReq.prefersDedicatedAllocation  != VK_FALSE);
-    }
-    else
-#endif // #if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
-    {
-        (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements)(m_hDevice, hImage, &memReq);
-        requiresDedicatedAllocation = false;
-        prefersDedicatedAllocation  = false;
-    }
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::CalcMemTypeParams(
-    VmaAllocationCreateInfo& inoutCreateInfo,
-    uint32_t memTypeIndex,
-    VkDeviceSize size,
-    size_t allocationCount)
-{
-    // If memory type is not HOST_VISIBLE, disable MAPPED.
-    if((inoutCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT) != 0 &&
-        (m_MemProps.memoryTypes[memTypeIndex].propertyFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) == 0)
-    {
-        inoutCreateInfo.flags &= ~VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;
-    }
-
-    if((inoutCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT) != 0 &&
-        (inoutCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_WITHIN_BUDGET_BIT) != 0)
-    {
-        const uint32_t heapIndex = MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(memTypeIndex);
-        VmaBudget heapBudget = {};
-        GetHeapBudgets(&heapBudget, heapIndex, 1);
-        if(heapBudget.usage + size * allocationCount > heapBudget.budget)
-        {
-            return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;
-        }
-    }
-    return VK_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::CalcAllocationParams(
-    VmaAllocationCreateInfo& inoutCreateInfo,
-    bool dedicatedRequired,
-    bool dedicatedPreferred)
-{
-    if(dedicatedRequired ||
-        // If memory is lazily allocated, it should be always dedicated.
-        inoutCreateInfo.usage == VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_LAZILY_ALLOCATED)
-    {
-        inoutCreateInfo.flags |= VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT;
-    }
-
-    if(inoutCreateInfo.pool != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-    {
-        if(inoutCreateInfo.pool->m_BlockVector.HasExplicitBlockSize() &&
-            (inoutCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT) != 0)
-        {
-            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Specifying VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT while current custom pool doesn't support dedicated allocations.");
-            return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;
-        }
-        inoutCreateInfo.priority = inoutCreateInfo.pool->m_BlockVector.GetPriority();
-    }
-
-    if((inoutCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT) != 0 &&
-        (inoutCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT) != 0)
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Specifying VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT together with VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT makes no sense.");
-        return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;
-    }
-
-    if(VMA_DEBUG_ALWAYS_DEDICATED_MEMORY &&
-        (inoutCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT) != 0)
-    {
-        inoutCreateInfo.flags |= VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT;
-    }
-    return VK_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::AllocateMemory(
-    const VkMemoryRequirements& vkMemReq,
-    bool requiresDedicatedAllocation,
-    bool prefersDedicatedAllocation,
-    VkBuffer dedicatedBuffer,
-    VkBufferUsageFlags dedicatedBufferUsage,
-    VkImage dedicatedImage,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,
-    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
-    size_t allocationCount,
-    VmaAllocation* pAllocations)
-{
-    memset(pAllocations, 0, sizeof(VmaAllocation) * allocationCount);
-
-    VMA_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(vkMemReq.alignment));
-
-    if(vkMemReq.size == 0)
-    {
-        return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
-    }
-
-    VmaAllocationCreateInfo createInfoFinal = createInfo;
-    VkResult res = CalcAllocationParams(createInfoFinal, requiresDedicatedAllocation, prefersDedicatedAllocation);
-    if(res != VK_SUCCESS)
-        return res;
-
-    if(createInfoFinal.pool != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-    {
-        VmaBlockVector& blockVector = createInfoFinal.pool->m_BlockVector;
-        return AllocateMemoryOfType(
-            createInfoFinal.pool,
-            vkMemReq.size,
-            vkMemReq.alignment,
-            prefersDedicatedAllocation,
-            dedicatedBuffer,
-            dedicatedBufferUsage,
-            dedicatedImage,
-            createInfoFinal,
-            blockVector.GetMemoryTypeIndex(),
-            suballocType,
-            createInfoFinal.pool->m_DedicatedAllocations,
-            blockVector,
-            allocationCount,
-            pAllocations);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // Bit mask of memory Vulkan types acceptable for this allocation.
-        uint32_t memoryTypeBits = vkMemReq.memoryTypeBits;
-        uint32_t memTypeIndex = UINT32_MAX;
-        res = vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex(this, memoryTypeBits, &createInfoFinal, &memTypeIndex);
-        // Can't find any single memory type matching requirements. res is VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT.
-        if(res != VK_SUCCESS)
-            return res;
-        do
-        {
-            VmaBlockVector* blockVector = m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex];
-            VMA_ASSERT(blockVector && "Trying to use unsupported memory type!");
-            res = AllocateMemoryOfType(
-                VK_NULL_HANDLE,
-                vkMemReq.size,
-                vkMemReq.alignment,
-                requiresDedicatedAllocation || prefersDedicatedAllocation,
-                dedicatedBuffer,
-                dedicatedBufferUsage,
-                dedicatedImage,
-                createInfoFinal,
-                memTypeIndex,
-                suballocType,
-                m_DedicatedAllocations[memTypeIndex],
-                *blockVector,
-                allocationCount,
-                pAllocations);
-            // Allocation succeeded
-            if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
-                return VK_SUCCESS;
-
-            // Remove old memTypeIndex from list of possibilities.
-            memoryTypeBits &= ~(1u << memTypeIndex);
-            // Find alternative memTypeIndex.
-            res = vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex(this, memoryTypeBits, &createInfoFinal, &memTypeIndex);
-        } while(res == VK_SUCCESS);
-
-        // No other matching memory type index could be found.
-        // Not returning res, which is VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT, because we already failed to allocate once.
-        return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaAllocator_T::FreeMemory(
-    size_t allocationCount,
-    const VmaAllocation* pAllocations)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocations);
-
-    for(size_t allocIndex = allocationCount; allocIndex--; )
-    {
-        VmaAllocation allocation = pAllocations[allocIndex];
-
-        if(allocation != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-        {
-            if(VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS)
-            {
-                FillAllocation(allocation, VMA_ALLOCATION_FILL_PATTERN_DESTROYED);
-            }
-
-            switch(allocation->GetType())
-            {
-            case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
-                {
-                    VmaBlockVector* pBlockVector = VMA_NULL;
-                    VmaPool hPool = allocation->GetParentPool();
-                    if(hPool != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-                    {
-                        pBlockVector = &hPool->m_BlockVector;
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        const uint32_t memTypeIndex = allocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex();
-                        pBlockVector = m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex];
-                        VMA_ASSERT(pBlockVector && "Trying to free memory of unsupported type!");
-                    }
-                    pBlockVector->Free(allocation);
-                }
-                break;
-            case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
-                FreeDedicatedMemory(allocation);
-                break;
-            default:
-                VMA_ASSERT(0);
-            }
-
-            m_Budget.RemoveAllocation(MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(allocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex()), allocation->GetSize());
-            allocation->SetUserData(this, VMA_NULL);
-            m_AllocationObjectAllocator.Free(allocation);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaAllocator_T::CalculateStats(VmaStats* pStats)
-{
-    // Initialize.
-    VmaInitStatInfo(pStats->total);
-    for(size_t i = 0; i < VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES; ++i)
-        VmaInitStatInfo(pStats->memoryType[i]);
-    for(size_t i = 0; i < VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS; ++i)
-        VmaInitStatInfo(pStats->memoryHeap[i]);
-
-    // Process default pools.
-    for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)
-    {
-        VmaBlockVector* const pBlockVector = m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex];
-        if (pBlockVector != VMA_NULL)
-            pBlockVector->AddStats(pStats);
-    }
-
-    // Process custom pools.
-    {
-        VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_PoolsMutex, m_UseMutex);
-        for(VmaPool pool = m_Pools.Front(); pool != VMA_NULL; pool = m_Pools.GetNext(pool))
-        {
-            VmaBlockVector& blockVector = pool->m_BlockVector;
-            blockVector.AddStats(pStats);
-            const uint32_t memTypeIndex = blockVector.GetMemoryTypeIndex();
-            const uint32_t memHeapIndex = MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(memTypeIndex);
-            pool->m_DedicatedAllocations.AddStats(pStats, memTypeIndex, memHeapIndex);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Process dedicated allocations.
-    for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)
-    {
-        const uint32_t memHeapIndex = MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(memTypeIndex);
-        m_DedicatedAllocations[memTypeIndex].AddStats(pStats, memTypeIndex, memHeapIndex);
-    }
-
-    // Postprocess.
-    VmaPostprocessCalcStatInfo(pStats->total);
-    for(size_t i = 0; i < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++i)
-        VmaPostprocessCalcStatInfo(pStats->memoryType[i]);
-    for(size_t i = 0; i < GetMemoryHeapCount(); ++i)
-        VmaPostprocessCalcStatInfo(pStats->memoryHeap[i]);
-}
-
-void VmaAllocator_T::GetHeapBudgets(VmaBudget* outBudgets, uint32_t firstHeap, uint32_t heapCount)
-{
-#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
-    if(m_UseExtMemoryBudget)
-    {
-        if(m_Budget.m_OperationsSinceBudgetFetch < 30)
-        {
-            VmaMutexLockRead lockRead(m_Budget.m_BudgetMutex, m_UseMutex);
-            for(uint32_t i = 0; i < heapCount; ++i, ++outBudgets)
-            {
-                const uint32_t heapIndex = firstHeap + i;
-
-                outBudgets->blockBytes = m_Budget.m_BlockBytes[heapIndex];
-                outBudgets->allocationBytes = m_Budget.m_AllocationBytes[heapIndex];
-
-                if(m_Budget.m_VulkanUsage[heapIndex] + outBudgets->blockBytes > m_Budget.m_BlockBytesAtBudgetFetch[heapIndex])
-                {
-                    outBudgets->usage = m_Budget.m_VulkanUsage[heapIndex] +
-                        outBudgets->blockBytes - m_Budget.m_BlockBytesAtBudgetFetch[heapIndex];
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    outBudgets->usage = 0;
-                }
-
-                // Have to take MIN with heap size because explicit HeapSizeLimit is included in it.
-                outBudgets->budget = VMA_MIN(
-                    m_Budget.m_VulkanBudget[heapIndex], m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size);
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            UpdateVulkanBudget(); // Outside of mutex lock
-            GetHeapBudgets(outBudgets, firstHeap, heapCount); // Recursion
-        }
-    }
-    else
-#endif
-    {
-        for(uint32_t i = 0; i < heapCount; ++i, ++outBudgets)
-        {
-            const uint32_t heapIndex = firstHeap + i;
-
-            outBudgets->blockBytes = m_Budget.m_BlockBytes[heapIndex];
-            outBudgets->allocationBytes = m_Budget.m_AllocationBytes[heapIndex];
-
-            outBudgets->usage = outBudgets->blockBytes;
-            outBudgets->budget = m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size * 8 / 10; // 80% heuristics.
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::DefragmentationBegin(
-    const VmaDefragmentationInfo2& info,
-    VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats,
-    VmaDefragmentationContext* pContext)
-{
-    if(info.pAllocationsChanged != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        memset(info.pAllocationsChanged, 0, info.allocationCount * sizeof(VkBool32));
-    }
-
-    *pContext = vma_new(this, VmaDefragmentationContext_T)(
-        this, info.flags, pStats);
-
-    (*pContext)->AddPools(info.poolCount, info.pPools);
-    (*pContext)->AddAllocations(
-        info.allocationCount, info.pAllocations, info.pAllocationsChanged);
-
-    VkResult res = (*pContext)->Defragment(
-        info.maxCpuBytesToMove, info.maxCpuAllocationsToMove,
-        info.maxGpuBytesToMove, info.maxGpuAllocationsToMove,
-        info.commandBuffer, pStats, info.flags);
-
-    if(res != VK_NOT_READY)
-    {
-        vma_delete(this, *pContext);
-        *pContext = VMA_NULL;
-    }
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::DefragmentationEnd(
-    VmaDefragmentationContext context)
-{
-    vma_delete(this, context);
-    return VK_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::DefragmentationPassBegin(
-    VmaDefragmentationPassInfo* pInfo,
-    VmaDefragmentationContext context)
-{
-    return context->DefragmentPassBegin(pInfo);
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::DefragmentationPassEnd(
-    VmaDefragmentationContext context)
-{
-    return context->DefragmentPassEnd();
-}
-
-void VmaAllocator_T::GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocation hAllocation, VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)
-{
-    pAllocationInfo->memoryType = hAllocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex();
-    pAllocationInfo->deviceMemory = hAllocation->GetMemory();
-    pAllocationInfo->offset = hAllocation->GetOffset();
-    pAllocationInfo->size = hAllocation->GetSize();
-    pAllocationInfo->pMappedData = hAllocation->GetMappedData();
-    pAllocationInfo->pUserData = hAllocation->GetUserData();
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::CreatePool(const VmaPoolCreateInfo* pCreateInfo, VmaPool* pPool)
-{
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("  CreatePool: MemoryTypeIndex=%u, flags=%u", pCreateInfo->memoryTypeIndex, pCreateInfo->flags);
-
-    VmaPoolCreateInfo newCreateInfo = *pCreateInfo;
-
-    // Protection against uninitialized new structure member. If garbage data are left there, this pointer dereference would crash.
-    if(pCreateInfo->pMemoryAllocateNext)
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(((const VkBaseInStructure*)pCreateInfo->pMemoryAllocateNext)->sType != 0);
-    }
-
-    if(newCreateInfo.maxBlockCount == 0)
-    {
-        newCreateInfo.maxBlockCount = SIZE_MAX;
-    }
-    if(newCreateInfo.minBlockCount > newCreateInfo.maxBlockCount)
-    {
-        return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
-    }
-    // Memory type index out of range or forbidden.
-    if(pCreateInfo->memoryTypeIndex >= GetMemoryTypeCount() ||
-        ((1u << pCreateInfo->memoryTypeIndex) & m_GlobalMemoryTypeBits) == 0)
-    {
-        return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;
-    }
-    if(newCreateInfo.minAllocationAlignment > 0)
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(newCreateInfo.minAllocationAlignment));
-    }
-
-    const VkDeviceSize preferredBlockSize = CalcPreferredBlockSize(newCreateInfo.memoryTypeIndex);
-
-    *pPool = vma_new(this, VmaPool_T)(this, newCreateInfo, preferredBlockSize);
-
-    VkResult res = (*pPool)->m_BlockVector.CreateMinBlocks();
-    if(res != VK_SUCCESS)
-    {
-        vma_delete(this, *pPool);
-        *pPool = VMA_NULL;
-        return res;
-    }
-
-    // Add to m_Pools.
-    {
-        VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_PoolsMutex, m_UseMutex);
-        (*pPool)->SetId(m_NextPoolId++);
-        m_Pools.PushBack(*pPool);
-    }
-
-    return VK_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-void VmaAllocator_T::DestroyPool(VmaPool pool)
-{
-    // Remove from m_Pools.
-    {
-        VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_PoolsMutex, m_UseMutex);
-        m_Pools.Remove(pool);
-    }
-
-    vma_delete(this, pool);
-}
-
-void VmaAllocator_T::GetPoolStats(VmaPool pool, VmaPoolStats* pPoolStats)
-{
-    pPoolStats->size = 0;
-    pPoolStats->unusedSize = 0;
-    pPoolStats->allocationCount = 0;
-    pPoolStats->unusedRangeCount = 0;
-    pPoolStats->blockCount = 0;
-
-    pool->m_BlockVector.AddPoolStats(pPoolStats);
-    pool->m_DedicatedAllocations.AddPoolStats(pPoolStats);
-}
-
-void VmaAllocator_T::SetCurrentFrameIndex(uint32_t frameIndex)
-{
-    m_CurrentFrameIndex.store(frameIndex);
-
-#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
-    if(m_UseExtMemoryBudget)
-    {
-        UpdateVulkanBudget();
-    }
-#endif // #if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::CheckPoolCorruption(VmaPool hPool)
-{
-    return hPool->m_BlockVector.CheckCorruption();
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::CheckCorruption(uint32_t memoryTypeBits)
-{
-    VkResult finalRes = VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;
-
-    // Process default pools.
-    for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)
-    {
-        VmaBlockVector* const pBlockVector = m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex];
-        if(pBlockVector != VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            VkResult localRes = pBlockVector->CheckCorruption();
-            switch(localRes)
-            {
-            case VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT:
-                break;
-            case VK_SUCCESS:
-                finalRes = VK_SUCCESS;
-                break;
-            default:
-                return localRes;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Process custom pools.
-    {
-        VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_PoolsMutex, m_UseMutex);
-        for(VmaPool pool = m_Pools.Front(); pool != VMA_NULL; pool = m_Pools.GetNext(pool))
-        {
-            if(((1u << pool->m_BlockVector.GetMemoryTypeIndex()) & memoryTypeBits) != 0)
-            {
-                VkResult localRes = pool->m_BlockVector.CheckCorruption();
-                switch(localRes)
-                {
-                case VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT:
-                    break;
-                case VK_SUCCESS:
-                    finalRes = VK_SUCCESS;
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    return localRes;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return finalRes;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::AllocateVulkanMemory(const VkMemoryAllocateInfo* pAllocateInfo, VkDeviceMemory* pMemory)
-{
-    AtomicTransactionalIncrement<uint32_t> deviceMemoryCountIncrement;
-    const uint64_t prevDeviceMemoryCount = deviceMemoryCountIncrement.Increment(&m_DeviceMemoryCount);
-#if VMA_DEBUG_DONT_EXCEED_MAX_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_COUNT
-    if(prevDeviceMemoryCount >= m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.maxMemoryAllocationCount)
-    {
-        return VK_ERROR_TOO_MANY_OBJECTS;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    const uint32_t heapIndex = MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(pAllocateInfo->memoryTypeIndex);
-
-    // HeapSizeLimit is in effect for this heap.
-    if((m_HeapSizeLimitMask & (1u << heapIndex)) != 0)
-    {
-        const VkDeviceSize heapSize = m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size;
-        VkDeviceSize blockBytes = m_Budget.m_BlockBytes[heapIndex];
-        for(;;)
-        {
-            const VkDeviceSize blockBytesAfterAllocation = blockBytes + pAllocateInfo->allocationSize;
-            if(blockBytesAfterAllocation > heapSize)
-            {
-                return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;
-            }
-            if(m_Budget.m_BlockBytes[heapIndex].compare_exchange_strong(blockBytes, blockBytesAfterAllocation))
-            {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        m_Budget.m_BlockBytes[heapIndex] += pAllocateInfo->allocationSize;
-    }
-
-    // VULKAN CALL vkAllocateMemory.
-    VkResult res = (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkAllocateMemory)(m_hDevice, pAllocateInfo, GetAllocationCallbacks(), pMemory);
-
-    if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
-    {
-#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
-        ++m_Budget.m_OperationsSinceBudgetFetch;
-#endif
-
-        // Informative callback.
-        if(m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pfnAllocate != VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            (*m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pfnAllocate)(this, pAllocateInfo->memoryTypeIndex, *pMemory, pAllocateInfo->allocationSize, m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pUserData);
-        }
-
-        deviceMemoryCountIncrement.Commit();
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        m_Budget.m_BlockBytes[heapIndex] -= pAllocateInfo->allocationSize;
-    }
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-void VmaAllocator_T::FreeVulkanMemory(uint32_t memoryType, VkDeviceSize size, VkDeviceMemory hMemory)
-{
-    // Informative callback.
-    if(m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pfnFree != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        (*m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pfnFree)(this, memoryType, hMemory, size, m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pUserData);
-    }
-
-    // VULKAN CALL vkFreeMemory.
-    (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkFreeMemory)(m_hDevice, hMemory, GetAllocationCallbacks());
-
-    m_Budget.m_BlockBytes[MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(memoryType)] -= size;
-
-    --m_DeviceMemoryCount;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::BindVulkanBuffer(
-    VkDeviceMemory memory,
-    VkDeviceSize memoryOffset,
-    VkBuffer buffer,
-    const void* pNext)
-{
-    if(pNext != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-#if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000 || VMA_BIND_MEMORY2
-        if((m_UseKhrBindMemory2 || m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0)) &&
-            m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory2KHR != VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            VkBindBufferMemoryInfoKHR bindBufferMemoryInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_BUFFER_MEMORY_INFO_KHR };
-            bindBufferMemoryInfo.pNext = pNext;
-            bindBufferMemoryInfo.buffer = buffer;
-            bindBufferMemoryInfo.memory = memory;
-            bindBufferMemoryInfo.memoryOffset = memoryOffset;
-            return (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory2KHR)(m_hDevice, 1, &bindBufferMemoryInfo);
-        }
-        else
-#endif // #if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000 || VMA_BIND_MEMORY2
-        {
-            return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        return (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory)(m_hDevice, buffer, memory, memoryOffset);
-    }
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::BindVulkanImage(
-    VkDeviceMemory memory,
-    VkDeviceSize memoryOffset,
-    VkImage image,
-    const void* pNext)
-{
-    if(pNext != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-#if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000 || VMA_BIND_MEMORY2
-        if((m_UseKhrBindMemory2 || m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0)) &&
-            m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory2KHR != VMA_NULL)
-        {
-            VkBindImageMemoryInfoKHR bindBufferMemoryInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_IMAGE_MEMORY_INFO_KHR };
-            bindBufferMemoryInfo.pNext = pNext;
-            bindBufferMemoryInfo.image = image;
-            bindBufferMemoryInfo.memory = memory;
-            bindBufferMemoryInfo.memoryOffset = memoryOffset;
-            return (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory2KHR)(m_hDevice, 1, &bindBufferMemoryInfo);
-        }
-        else
-#endif // #if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2
-        {
-            return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        return (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory)(m_hDevice, image, memory, memoryOffset);
-    }
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::Map(VmaAllocation hAllocation, void** ppData)
-{
-    switch(hAllocation->GetType())
-    {
-    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
-        {
-            VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = hAllocation->GetBlock();
-            char *pBytes = VMA_NULL;
-            VkResult res = pBlock->Map(this, 1, (void**)&pBytes);
-            if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
-            {
-                *ppData = pBytes + (ptrdiff_t)hAllocation->GetOffset();
-                hAllocation->BlockAllocMap();
-            }
-            return res;
-        }
-    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
-        return hAllocation->DedicatedAllocMap(this, ppData);
-    default:
-        VMA_ASSERT(0);
-        return VK_ERROR_MEMORY_MAP_FAILED;
-    }
-}
-
-void VmaAllocator_T::Unmap(VmaAllocation hAllocation)
-{
-    switch(hAllocation->GetType())
-    {
-    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
-        {
-            VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = hAllocation->GetBlock();
-            hAllocation->BlockAllocUnmap();
-            pBlock->Unmap(this, 1);
-        }
-        break;
-    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
-        hAllocation->DedicatedAllocUnmap(this);
-        break;
-    default:
-        VMA_ASSERT(0);
-    }
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::BindBufferMemory(
-    VmaAllocation hAllocation,
-    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
-    VkBuffer hBuffer,
-    const void* pNext)
-{
-    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
-    switch(hAllocation->GetType())
-    {
-    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
-        res = BindVulkanBuffer(hAllocation->GetMemory(), allocationLocalOffset, hBuffer, pNext);
-        break;
-    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
-    {
-        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = hAllocation->GetBlock();
-        VMA_ASSERT(pBlock && "Binding buffer to allocation that doesn't belong to any block.");
-        res = pBlock->BindBufferMemory(this, hAllocation, allocationLocalOffset, hBuffer, pNext);
-        break;
-    }
-    default:
-        VMA_ASSERT(0);
-    }
-    return res;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::BindImageMemory(
-    VmaAllocation hAllocation,
-    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
-    VkImage hImage,
-    const void* pNext)
-{
-    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
-    switch(hAllocation->GetType())
-    {
-    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
-        res = BindVulkanImage(hAllocation->GetMemory(), allocationLocalOffset, hImage, pNext);
-        break;
-    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
-    {
-        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock = hAllocation->GetBlock();
-        VMA_ASSERT(pBlock && "Binding image to allocation that doesn't belong to any block.");
-        res = pBlock->BindImageMemory(this, hAllocation, allocationLocalOffset, hImage, pNext);
-        break;
-    }
-    default:
-        VMA_ASSERT(0);
-    }
-    return res;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::FlushOrInvalidateAllocation(
-    VmaAllocation hAllocation,
-    VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size,
-    VMA_CACHE_OPERATION op)
-{
-    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
-
-    VkMappedMemoryRange memRange = {};
-    if(GetFlushOrInvalidateRange(hAllocation, offset, size, memRange))
-    {
-        switch(op)
-        {
-        case VMA_CACHE_FLUSH:
-            res = (*GetVulkanFunctions().vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges)(m_hDevice, 1, &memRange);
-            break;
-        case VMA_CACHE_INVALIDATE:
-            res = (*GetVulkanFunctions().vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges)(m_hDevice, 1, &memRange);
-            break;
-        default:
-            VMA_ASSERT(0);
-        }
-    }
-    // else: Just ignore this call.
-    return res;
-}
-
-VkResult VmaAllocator_T::FlushOrInvalidateAllocations(
-    uint32_t allocationCount,
-    const VmaAllocation* allocations,
-    const VkDeviceSize* offsets, const VkDeviceSize* sizes,
-    VMA_CACHE_OPERATION op)
-{
-    typedef VmaStlAllocator<VkMappedMemoryRange> RangeAllocator;
-    typedef VmaSmallVector<VkMappedMemoryRange, RangeAllocator, 16> RangeVector;
-    RangeVector ranges = RangeVector(RangeAllocator(GetAllocationCallbacks()));
-
-    for(uint32_t allocIndex = 0; allocIndex < allocationCount; ++allocIndex)
-    {
-        const VmaAllocation alloc = allocations[allocIndex];
-        const VkDeviceSize offset = offsets != VMA_NULL ? offsets[allocIndex] : 0;
-        const VkDeviceSize size = sizes != VMA_NULL ? sizes[allocIndex] : VK_WHOLE_SIZE;
-        VkMappedMemoryRange newRange;
-        if(GetFlushOrInvalidateRange(alloc, offset, size, newRange))
-        {
-            ranges.push_back(newRange);
-        }
-    }
-
-    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
-    if(!ranges.empty())
-    {
-        switch(op)
-        {
-        case VMA_CACHE_FLUSH:
-            res = (*GetVulkanFunctions().vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges)(m_hDevice, (uint32_t)ranges.size(), ranges.data());
-            break;
-        case VMA_CACHE_INVALIDATE:
-            res = (*GetVulkanFunctions().vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges)(m_hDevice, (uint32_t)ranges.size(), ranges.data());
-            break;
-        default:
-            VMA_ASSERT(0);
-        }
-    }
-    // else: Just ignore this call.
-    return res;
-}
-
-void VmaAllocator_T::FreeDedicatedMemory(const VmaAllocation allocation)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocation && allocation->GetType() == VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED);
-
-    const uint32_t memTypeIndex = allocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex();
-    VmaPool parentPool = allocation->GetParentPool();
-    if(parentPool == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-    {
-        // Default pool
-        m_DedicatedAllocations[memTypeIndex].Unregister(allocation);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // Custom pool
-        parentPool->m_DedicatedAllocations.Unregister(allocation);
-    }
-
-    VkDeviceMemory hMemory = allocation->GetMemory();
-
-    /*
-    There is no need to call this, because Vulkan spec allows to skip vkUnmapMemory
-    before vkFreeMemory.
-
-    if(allocation->GetMappedData() != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkUnmapMemory)(m_hDevice, hMemory);
-    }
-    */
-
-    FreeVulkanMemory(memTypeIndex, allocation->GetSize(), hMemory);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Freed DedicatedMemory MemoryTypeIndex=%u", memTypeIndex);
-}
-
-uint32_t VmaAllocator_T::CalculateGpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits() const
-{
-    VkBufferCreateInfo dummyBufCreateInfo;
-    VmaFillGpuDefragmentationBufferCreateInfo(dummyBufCreateInfo);
-
-    uint32_t memoryTypeBits = 0;
-
-    // Create buffer.
-    VkBuffer buf = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    VkResult res = (*GetVulkanFunctions().vkCreateBuffer)(
-        m_hDevice, &dummyBufCreateInfo, GetAllocationCallbacks(), &buf);
-    if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
-    {
-        // Query for supported memory types.
-        VkMemoryRequirements memReq;
-        (*GetVulkanFunctions().vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements)(m_hDevice, buf, &memReq);
-        memoryTypeBits = memReq.memoryTypeBits;
-
-        // Destroy buffer.
-        (*GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyBuffer)(m_hDevice, buf, GetAllocationCallbacks());
-    }
-
-    return memoryTypeBits;
-}
-
-uint32_t VmaAllocator_T::CalculateGlobalMemoryTypeBits() const
-{
-    // Make sure memory information is already fetched.
-    VMA_ASSERT(GetMemoryTypeCount() > 0);
-
-    uint32_t memoryTypeBits = UINT32_MAX;
-
-    if(!m_UseAmdDeviceCoherentMemory)
-    {
-        // Exclude memory types that have VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_COHERENT_BIT_AMD.
-        for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)
-        {
-            if((m_MemProps.memoryTypes[memTypeIndex].propertyFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_COHERENT_BIT_AMD_COPY) != 0)
-            {
-                memoryTypeBits &= ~(1u << memTypeIndex);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return memoryTypeBits;
-}
-
-bool VmaAllocator_T::GetFlushOrInvalidateRange(
-    VmaAllocation allocation,
-    VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size,
-    VkMappedMemoryRange& outRange) const
-{
-    const uint32_t memTypeIndex = allocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex();
-    if(size > 0 && IsMemoryTypeNonCoherent(memTypeIndex))
-    {
-        const VkDeviceSize nonCoherentAtomSize = m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.nonCoherentAtomSize;
-        const VkDeviceSize allocationSize = allocation->GetSize();
-        VMA_ASSERT(offset <= allocationSize);
-
-        outRange.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MAPPED_MEMORY_RANGE;
-        outRange.pNext = VMA_NULL;
-        outRange.memory = allocation->GetMemory();
-
-        switch(allocation->GetType())
-        {
-        case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
-            outRange.offset = VmaAlignDown(offset, nonCoherentAtomSize);
-            if(size == VK_WHOLE_SIZE)
-            {
-                outRange.size = allocationSize - outRange.offset;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                VMA_ASSERT(offset + size <= allocationSize);
-                outRange.size = VMA_MIN(
-                    VmaAlignUp(size + (offset - outRange.offset), nonCoherentAtomSize),
-                    allocationSize - outRange.offset);
-            }
-            break;
-        case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
-        {
-            // 1. Still within this allocation.
-            outRange.offset = VmaAlignDown(offset, nonCoherentAtomSize);
-            if(size == VK_WHOLE_SIZE)
-            {
-                size = allocationSize - offset;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                VMA_ASSERT(offset + size <= allocationSize);
-            }
-            outRange.size = VmaAlignUp(size + (offset - outRange.offset), nonCoherentAtomSize);
-
-            // 2. Adjust to whole block.
-            const VkDeviceSize allocationOffset = allocation->GetOffset();
-            VMA_ASSERT(allocationOffset % nonCoherentAtomSize == 0);
-            const VkDeviceSize blockSize = allocation->GetBlock()->m_pMetadata->GetSize();
-            outRange.offset += allocationOffset;
-            outRange.size = VMA_MIN(outRange.size, blockSize - outRange.offset);
-
-            break;
-        }
-        default:
-            VMA_ASSERT(0);
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
-void VmaAllocator_T::UpdateVulkanBudget()
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_UseExtMemoryBudget);
-
-    VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR memProps = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MEMORY_PROPERTIES_2_KHR };
-
-    VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryBudgetPropertiesEXT budgetProps = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MEMORY_BUDGET_PROPERTIES_EXT };
-    VmaPnextChainPushFront(&memProps, &budgetProps);
-
-    GetVulkanFunctions().vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR(m_PhysicalDevice, &memProps);
-
-    {
-        VmaMutexLockWrite lockWrite(m_Budget.m_BudgetMutex, m_UseMutex);
-
-        for(uint32_t heapIndex = 0; heapIndex < GetMemoryHeapCount(); ++heapIndex)
-        {
-            m_Budget.m_VulkanUsage[heapIndex] = budgetProps.heapUsage[heapIndex];
-            m_Budget.m_VulkanBudget[heapIndex] = budgetProps.heapBudget[heapIndex];
-            m_Budget.m_BlockBytesAtBudgetFetch[heapIndex] = m_Budget.m_BlockBytes[heapIndex].load();
-
-            // Some bugged drivers return the budget incorrectly, e.g. 0 or much bigger than heap size.
-            if(m_Budget.m_VulkanBudget[heapIndex] == 0)
-            {
-                m_Budget.m_VulkanBudget[heapIndex] = m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size * 8 / 10; // 80% heuristics.
-            }
-            else if(m_Budget.m_VulkanBudget[heapIndex] > m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size)
-            {
-                m_Budget.m_VulkanBudget[heapIndex] = m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size;
-            }
-            if(m_Budget.m_VulkanUsage[heapIndex] == 0 && m_Budget.m_BlockBytesAtBudgetFetch[heapIndex] > 0)
-            {
-                m_Budget.m_VulkanUsage[heapIndex] = m_Budget.m_BlockBytesAtBudgetFetch[heapIndex];
-            }
-        }
-        m_Budget.m_OperationsSinceBudgetFetch = 0;
-    }
-}
-#endif // VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
-
-void VmaAllocator_T::FillAllocation(const VmaAllocation hAllocation, uint8_t pattern)
-{
-    if(VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS &&
-        (m_MemProps.memoryTypes[hAllocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex()].propertyFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) != 0)
-    {
-        void* pData = VMA_NULL;
-        VkResult res = Map(hAllocation, &pData);
-        if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
-        {
-            memset(pData, (int)pattern, (size_t)hAllocation->GetSize());
-            FlushOrInvalidateAllocation(hAllocation, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE, VMA_CACHE_FLUSH);
-            Unmap(hAllocation);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS is enabled, but couldn't map memory to fill allocation.");
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-uint32_t VmaAllocator_T::GetGpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits()
-{
-    uint32_t memoryTypeBits = m_GpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits.load();
-    if(memoryTypeBits == UINT32_MAX)
-    {
-        memoryTypeBits = CalculateGpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits();
-        m_GpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits.store(memoryTypeBits);
-    }
-    return memoryTypeBits;
-}
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-void VmaAllocator_T::PrintDetailedMap(VmaJsonWriter& json)
-{
-    bool dedicatedAllocationsStarted = false;
-    for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)
-    {
-        VmaDedicatedAllocationList& dedicatedAllocList = m_DedicatedAllocations[memTypeIndex];
-        if(!dedicatedAllocList.IsEmpty())
-        {
-            if(dedicatedAllocationsStarted == false)
-            {
-                dedicatedAllocationsStarted = true;
-                json.WriteString("DedicatedAllocations");
-                json.BeginObject();
-            }
-
-            json.BeginString("Type ");
-            json.ContinueString(memTypeIndex);
-            json.EndString();
-
-            dedicatedAllocList.BuildStatsString(json);
-        }
-    }
-    if(dedicatedAllocationsStarted)
-    {
-        json.EndObject();
-    }
-
-    {
-        bool allocationsStarted = false;
-        for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)
-        {
-            VmaBlockVector* pBlockVector = m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex];
-            if(pBlockVector != VMA_NULL)
-            {
-                if (pBlockVector->IsEmpty() == false)
-                {
-                    if (allocationsStarted == false)
-                    {
-                        allocationsStarted = true;
-                        json.WriteString("DefaultPools");
-                        json.BeginObject();
-                    }
-
-                    json.BeginString("Type ");
-                    json.ContinueString(memTypeIndex);
-                    json.EndString();
-
-                    json.BeginObject();
-                    pBlockVector->PrintDetailedMap(json);
-                    json.EndObject();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if(allocationsStarted)
-        {
-            json.EndObject();
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Custom pools
-    {
-        VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_PoolsMutex, m_UseMutex);
-        if(!m_Pools.IsEmpty())
-        {
-            json.WriteString("Pools");
-            json.BeginObject();
-            for(VmaPool pool = m_Pools.Front(); pool != VMA_NULL; pool = m_Pools.GetNext(pool))
-            {
-                json.BeginString();
-                json.ContinueString(pool->GetId());
-                json.EndString();
-
-                json.BeginObject();
-                pool->m_BlockVector.PrintDetailedMap(json);
-
-                if (!pool->m_DedicatedAllocations.IsEmpty())
-                {
-                    json.WriteString("DedicatedAllocations");
-                    pool->m_DedicatedAllocations.BuildStatsString(json);
-                }
-                json.EndObject();
-            }
-            json.EndObject();
-        }
-    }
-}
-#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-#endif // _VMA_ALLOCATOR_T_FUNCTIONS
-
-
-#ifndef _VMA_PUBLIC_INTERFACE
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateAllocator(
-    const VmaAllocatorCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,
-    VmaAllocator* pAllocator)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(pCreateInfo && pAllocator);
-    VMA_ASSERT(pCreateInfo->vulkanApiVersion == 0 ||
-        (VK_VERSION_MAJOR(pCreateInfo->vulkanApiVersion) == 1 && VK_VERSION_MINOR(pCreateInfo->vulkanApiVersion) <= 3));
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCreateAllocator");
-    *pAllocator = vma_new(pCreateInfo->pAllocationCallbacks, VmaAllocator_T)(pCreateInfo);
-    VkResult result = (*pAllocator)->Init(pCreateInfo);
-    if(result < 0)
-    {
-        vma_delete(pCreateInfo->pAllocationCallbacks, *pAllocator);
-        *pAllocator = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaDestroyAllocator(
-    VmaAllocator allocator)
-{
-    if(allocator != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-    {
-        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaDestroyAllocator");
-        VkAllocationCallbacks allocationCallbacks = allocator->m_AllocationCallbacks; // Have to copy the callbacks when destroying.
-        vma_delete(&allocationCallbacks, allocator);
-    }
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetAllocatorInfo(VmaAllocator allocator, VmaAllocatorInfo* pAllocatorInfo)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pAllocatorInfo);
-    pAllocatorInfo->instance = allocator->m_hInstance;
-    pAllocatorInfo->physicalDevice = allocator->GetPhysicalDevice();
-    pAllocatorInfo->device = allocator->m_hDevice;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    const VkPhysicalDeviceProperties **ppPhysicalDeviceProperties)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && ppPhysicalDeviceProperties);
-    *ppPhysicalDeviceProperties = &allocator->m_PhysicalDeviceProperties;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetMemoryProperties(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    const VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties** ppPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && ppPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties);
-    *ppPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties = &allocator->m_MemProps;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetMemoryTypeProperties(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,
-    VkMemoryPropertyFlags* pFlags)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pFlags);
-    VMA_ASSERT(memoryTypeIndex < allocator->GetMemoryTypeCount());
-    *pFlags = allocator->m_MemProps.memoryTypes[memoryTypeIndex].propertyFlags;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaSetCurrentFrameIndex(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    uint32_t frameIndex)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    allocator->SetCurrentFrameIndex(frameIndex);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaCalculateStats(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VmaStats* pStats)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pStats);
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-    allocator->CalculateStats(pStats);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetHeapBudgets(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VmaBudget* pBudgets)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pBudgets);
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-    allocator->GetHeapBudgets(pBudgets, 0, allocator->GetMemoryHeapCount());
-}
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaBuildStatsString(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    char** ppStatsString,
-    VkBool32 detailedMap)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && ppStatsString);
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    VmaStringBuilder sb(allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
-    {
-        VmaJsonWriter json(allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(), sb);
-        json.BeginObject();
-
-        VmaBudget budgets[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];
-        allocator->GetHeapBudgets(budgets, 0, allocator->GetMemoryHeapCount());
-
-        VmaStats stats;
-        allocator->CalculateStats(&stats);
-
-        json.WriteString("Total");
-        VmaPrintStatInfo(json, stats.total);
-
-        for(uint32_t heapIndex = 0; heapIndex < allocator->GetMemoryHeapCount(); ++heapIndex)
-        {
-            json.BeginString("Heap ");
-            json.ContinueString(heapIndex);
-            json.EndString();
-            json.BeginObject();
-
-            json.WriteString("Size");
-            json.WriteNumber(allocator->m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size);
-
-            json.WriteString("Flags");
-            json.BeginArray(true);
-            if((allocator->m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].flags & VK_MEMORY_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT) != 0)
-            {
-                json.WriteString("DEVICE_LOCAL");
-            }
-            json.EndArray();
-
-            json.WriteString("Budget");
-            json.BeginObject();
-            {
-                json.WriteString("BlockBytes");
-                json.WriteNumber(budgets[heapIndex].blockBytes);
-                json.WriteString("AllocationBytes");
-                json.WriteNumber(budgets[heapIndex].allocationBytes);
-                json.WriteString("Usage");
-                json.WriteNumber(budgets[heapIndex].usage);
-                json.WriteString("Budget");
-                json.WriteNumber(budgets[heapIndex].budget);
-            }
-            json.EndObject();
-
-            if(stats.memoryHeap[heapIndex].blockCount > 0)
-            {
-                json.WriteString("Stats");
-                VmaPrintStatInfo(json, stats.memoryHeap[heapIndex]);
-            }
-
-            for(uint32_t typeIndex = 0; typeIndex < allocator->GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++typeIndex)
-            {
-                if(allocator->MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(typeIndex) == heapIndex)
-                {
-                    json.BeginString("Type ");
-                    json.ContinueString(typeIndex);
-                    json.EndString();
-
-                    json.BeginObject();
-
-                    json.WriteString("Flags");
-                    json.BeginArray(true);
-                    VkMemoryPropertyFlags flags = allocator->m_MemProps.memoryTypes[typeIndex].propertyFlags;
-                    if((flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT) != 0)
-                    {
-                        json.WriteString("DEVICE_LOCAL");
-                    }
-                    if((flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) != 0)
-                    {
-                        json.WriteString("HOST_VISIBLE");
-                    }
-                    if((flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT) != 0)
-                    {
-                        json.WriteString("HOST_COHERENT");
-                    }
-                    if((flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT) != 0)
-                    {
-                        json.WriteString("HOST_CACHED");
-                    }
-                    if((flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT) != 0)
-                    {
-                        json.WriteString("LAZILY_ALLOCATED");
-                    }
-#if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
-                    if((flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT) != 0)
-                    {
-                        json.WriteString("PROTECTED");
-                    }
-#endif // #if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
-#if VK_AMD_device_coherent_memory
-                    if((flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_COHERENT_BIT_AMD_COPY) != 0)
-                    {
-                        json.WriteString("DEVICE_COHERENT");
-                    }
-                    if((flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_UNCACHED_BIT_AMD_COPY) != 0)
-                    {
-                        json.WriteString("DEVICE_UNCACHED");
-                    }
-#endif // #if VK_AMD_device_coherent_memory
-                    json.EndArray();
-
-                    if(stats.memoryType[typeIndex].blockCount > 0)
-                    {
-                        json.WriteString("Stats");
-                        VmaPrintStatInfo(json, stats.memoryType[typeIndex]);
-                    }
-
-                    json.EndObject();
-                }
-            }
-
-            json.EndObject();
-        }
-        if(detailedMap == VK_TRUE)
-        {
-            allocator->PrintDetailedMap(json);
-        }
-
-        json.EndObject();
-    }
-
-    *ppStatsString = VmaCreateStringCopy(allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(), sb.GetData(), sb.GetLength());
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaFreeStatsString(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    char* pStatsString)
-{
-    if(pStatsString != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
-        VmaFreeString(allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(), pStatsString);
-    }
-}
-
-#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-
-/*
-This function is not protected by any mutex because it just reads immutable data.
-*/
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    uint32_t memoryTypeBits,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,
-    uint32_t* pMemoryTypeIndex)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
-    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationCreateInfo != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(pMemoryTypeIndex != VMA_NULL);
-
-    memoryTypeBits &= allocator->GetGlobalMemoryTypeBits();
-
-    if(pAllocationCreateInfo->memoryTypeBits != 0)
-    {
-        memoryTypeBits &= pAllocationCreateInfo->memoryTypeBits;
-    }
-
-    uint32_t requiredFlags = pAllocationCreateInfo->requiredFlags;
-    uint32_t preferredFlags = pAllocationCreateInfo->preferredFlags;
-    uint32_t notPreferredFlags = 0;
-
-    // Convert usage to requiredFlags and preferredFlags.
-    switch(pAllocationCreateInfo->usage)
-    {
-    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_UNKNOWN:
-        break;
-    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY:
-        if(!allocator->IsIntegratedGpu() || (preferredFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) == 0)
-        {
-            preferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
-        }
-        break;
-    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY:
-        requiredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT;
-        break;
-    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU:
-        requiredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT;
-        if(!allocator->IsIntegratedGpu() || (preferredFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) == 0)
-        {
-            preferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
-        }
-        break;
-    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_TO_CPU:
-        requiredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT;
-        preferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT;
-        break;
-    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_COPY:
-        notPreferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
-        break;
-    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_LAZILY_ALLOCATED:
-        requiredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT;
-        break;
-    default:
-        VMA_ASSERT(0);
-        break;
-    }
-
-    // Avoid DEVICE_COHERENT unless explicitly requested.
-    if(((pAllocationCreateInfo->requiredFlags | pAllocationCreateInfo->preferredFlags) &
-        (VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_COHERENT_BIT_AMD_COPY | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_UNCACHED_BIT_AMD_COPY)) == 0)
-    {
-        notPreferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_COHERENT_BIT_AMD_COPY;
-    }
-
-    *pMemoryTypeIndex = UINT32_MAX;
-    uint32_t minCost = UINT32_MAX;
-    for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0, memTypeBit = 1;
-        memTypeIndex < allocator->GetMemoryTypeCount();
-        ++memTypeIndex, memTypeBit <<= 1)
-    {
-        // This memory type is acceptable according to memoryTypeBits bitmask.
-        if((memTypeBit & memoryTypeBits) != 0)
-        {
-            const VkMemoryPropertyFlags currFlags =
-                allocator->m_MemProps.memoryTypes[memTypeIndex].propertyFlags;
-            // This memory type contains requiredFlags.
-            if((requiredFlags & ~currFlags) == 0)
-            {
-                // Calculate cost as number of bits from preferredFlags not present in this memory type.
-                uint32_t currCost = VmaCountBitsSet(preferredFlags & ~currFlags) +
-                    VmaCountBitsSet(currFlags & notPreferredFlags);
-                // Remember memory type with lowest cost.
-                if(currCost < minCost)
-                {
-                    *pMemoryTypeIndex = memTypeIndex;
-                    if(currCost == 0)
-                    {
-                        return VK_SUCCESS;
-                    }
-                    minCost = currCost;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return (*pMemoryTypeIndex != UINT32_MAX) ? VK_SUCCESS : VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    const VkBufferCreateInfo* pBufferCreateInfo,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,
-    uint32_t* pMemoryTypeIndex)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
-    VMA_ASSERT(pBufferCreateInfo != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationCreateInfo != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(pMemoryTypeIndex != VMA_NULL);
-
-    const VkDevice hDev = allocator->m_hDevice;
-    VkBuffer hBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    const VmaVulkanFunctions* funcs = &allocator->GetVulkanFunctions();
-    VkResult res = funcs->vkCreateBuffer(
-        hDev, pBufferCreateInfo, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(), &hBuffer);
-    if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
-    {
-        VkMemoryRequirements memReq = {};
-        funcs->vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(
-            hDev, hBuffer, &memReq);
-
-        res = vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex(
-            allocator,
-            memReq.memoryTypeBits,
-            pAllocationCreateInfo,
-            pMemoryTypeIndex);
-
-        funcs->vkDestroyBuffer(
-            hDev, hBuffer, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
-    }
-    return res;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForImageInfo(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    const VkImageCreateInfo* pImageCreateInfo,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,
-    uint32_t* pMemoryTypeIndex)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
-    VMA_ASSERT(pImageCreateInfo != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationCreateInfo != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(pMemoryTypeIndex != VMA_NULL);
-
-    const VkDevice hDev = allocator->m_hDevice;
-    VkImage hImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    const VmaVulkanFunctions* funcs = &allocator->GetVulkanFunctions();
-    VkResult res = funcs->vkCreateImage(
-        hDev, pImageCreateInfo, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(), &hImage);
-    if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
-    {
-        VkMemoryRequirements memReq = {};
-        funcs->vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(
-            hDev, hImage, &memReq);
-
-        res = vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex(
-            allocator,
-            memReq.memoryTypeBits,
-            pAllocationCreateInfo,
-            pMemoryTypeIndex);
-
-        funcs->vkDestroyImage(
-            hDev, hImage, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
-    }
-    return res;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreatePool(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    const VmaPoolCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,
-    VmaPool* pPool)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pCreateInfo && pPool);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCreatePool");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    return allocator->CreatePool(pCreateInfo, pPool);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaDestroyPool(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VmaPool pool)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
-
-    if(pool == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-    {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaDestroyPool");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    allocator->DestroyPool(pool);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetPoolStats(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VmaPool pool,
-    VmaPoolStats* pPoolStats)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pool && pPoolStats);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    allocator->GetPoolStats(pool, pPoolStats);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCheckPoolCorruption(VmaAllocator allocator, VmaPool pool)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pool);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCheckPoolCorruption");
-
-    return allocator->CheckPoolCorruption(pool);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetPoolName(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VmaPool pool,
-    const char** ppName)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pool && ppName);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaGetPoolName");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    *ppName = pool->GetName();
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaSetPoolName(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VmaPool pool,
-    const char* pName)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pool);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaSetPoolName");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    pool->SetName(pName);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaAllocateMemory(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    const VkMemoryRequirements* pVkMemoryRequirements,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,
-    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,
-    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pVkMemoryRequirements && pCreateInfo && pAllocation);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaAllocateMemory");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    VkResult result = allocator->AllocateMemory(
-        *pVkMemoryRequirements,
-        false, // requiresDedicatedAllocation
-        false, // prefersDedicatedAllocation
-        VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedBuffer
-        UINT32_MAX, // dedicatedBufferUsage
-        VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedImage
-        *pCreateInfo,
-        VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
-        1, // allocationCount
-        pAllocation);
-
-    if(pAllocationInfo != VMA_NULL && result == VK_SUCCESS)
-    {
-        allocator->GetAllocationInfo(*pAllocation, pAllocationInfo);
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaAllocateMemoryPages(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    const VkMemoryRequirements* pVkMemoryRequirements,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,
-    size_t allocationCount,
-    VmaAllocation* pAllocations,
-    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)
-{
-    if(allocationCount == 0)
-    {
-        return VK_SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pVkMemoryRequirements && pCreateInfo && pAllocations);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaAllocateMemoryPages");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    VkResult result = allocator->AllocateMemory(
-        *pVkMemoryRequirements,
-        false, // requiresDedicatedAllocation
-        false, // prefersDedicatedAllocation
-        VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedBuffer
-        UINT32_MAX, // dedicatedBufferUsage
-        VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedImage
-        *pCreateInfo,
-        VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
-        allocationCount,
-        pAllocations);
-
-    if(pAllocationInfo != VMA_NULL && result == VK_SUCCESS)
-    {
-        for(size_t i = 0; i < allocationCount; ++i)
-        {
-            allocator->GetAllocationInfo(pAllocations[i], pAllocationInfo + i);
-        }
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VkBuffer buffer,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,
-    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,
-    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && buffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE && pCreateInfo && pAllocation);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    VkMemoryRequirements vkMemReq = {};
-    bool requiresDedicatedAllocation = false;
-    bool prefersDedicatedAllocation = false;
-    allocator->GetBufferMemoryRequirements(buffer, vkMemReq,
-        requiresDedicatedAllocation,
-        prefersDedicatedAllocation);
-
-    VkResult result = allocator->AllocateMemory(
-        vkMemReq,
-        requiresDedicatedAllocation,
-        prefersDedicatedAllocation,
-        buffer, // dedicatedBuffer
-        UINT32_MAX, // dedicatedBufferUsage
-        VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedImage
-        *pCreateInfo,
-        VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_BUFFER,
-        1, // allocationCount
-        pAllocation);
-
-    if(pAllocationInfo && result == VK_SUCCESS)
-    {
-        allocator->GetAllocationInfo(*pAllocation, pAllocationInfo);
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaAllocateMemoryForImage(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VkImage image,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,
-    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,
-    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && image != VK_NULL_HANDLE && pCreateInfo && pAllocation);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaAllocateMemoryForImage");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    VkMemoryRequirements vkMemReq = {};
-    bool requiresDedicatedAllocation = false;
-    bool prefersDedicatedAllocation  = false;
-    allocator->GetImageMemoryRequirements(image, vkMemReq,
-        requiresDedicatedAllocation, prefersDedicatedAllocation);
-
-    VkResult result = allocator->AllocateMemory(
-        vkMemReq,
-        requiresDedicatedAllocation,
-        prefersDedicatedAllocation,
-        VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedBuffer
-        UINT32_MAX, // dedicatedBufferUsage
-        image, // dedicatedImage
-        *pCreateInfo,
-        VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_UNKNOWN,
-        1, // allocationCount
-        pAllocation);
-
-    if(pAllocationInfo && result == VK_SUCCESS)
-    {
-        allocator->GetAllocationInfo(*pAllocation, pAllocationInfo);
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaFreeMemory(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VmaAllocation allocation)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
-
-    if(allocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-    {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaFreeMemory");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    allocator->FreeMemory(
-        1, // allocationCount
-        &allocation);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaFreeMemoryPages(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    size_t allocationCount,
-    const VmaAllocation* pAllocations)
-{
-    if(allocationCount == 0)
-    {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaFreeMemoryPages");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    allocator->FreeMemory(allocationCount, pAllocations);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetAllocationInfo(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VmaAllocation allocation,
-    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation && pAllocationInfo);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    allocator->GetAllocationInfo(allocation, pAllocationInfo);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaSetAllocationUserData(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VmaAllocation allocation,
-    void* pUserData)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    allocation->SetUserData(allocator, pUserData);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetAllocationMemoryProperties(
-    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
-    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
-    VkMemoryPropertyFlags* VMA_NOT_NULL pFlags)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation && pFlags);
-    const uint32_t memTypeIndex = allocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex();
-    *pFlags = allocator->m_MemProps.memoryTypes[memTypeIndex].propertyFlags;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaMapMemory(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VmaAllocation allocation,
-    void** ppData)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation && ppData);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    return allocator->Map(allocation, ppData);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaUnmapMemory(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VmaAllocation allocation)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    allocator->Unmap(allocation);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaFlushAllocation(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VmaAllocation allocation,
-    VkDeviceSize offset,
-    VkDeviceSize size)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaFlushAllocation");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    const VkResult res = allocator->FlushOrInvalidateAllocation(allocation, offset, size, VMA_CACHE_FLUSH);
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaInvalidateAllocation(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VmaAllocation allocation,
-    VkDeviceSize offset,
-    VkDeviceSize size)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaInvalidateAllocation");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    const VkResult res = allocator->FlushOrInvalidateAllocation(allocation, offset, size, VMA_CACHE_INVALIDATE);
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaFlushAllocations(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    uint32_t allocationCount,
-    const VmaAllocation* allocations,
-    const VkDeviceSize* offsets,
-    const VkDeviceSize* sizes)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
-
-    if(allocationCount == 0)
-    {
-        return VK_SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocations);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaFlushAllocations");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    const VkResult res = allocator->FlushOrInvalidateAllocations(allocationCount, allocations, offsets, sizes, VMA_CACHE_FLUSH);
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaInvalidateAllocations(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    uint32_t allocationCount,
-    const VmaAllocation* allocations,
-    const VkDeviceSize* offsets,
-    const VkDeviceSize* sizes)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
-
-    if(allocationCount == 0)
-    {
-        return VK_SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocations);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaInvalidateAllocations");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    const VkResult res = allocator->FlushOrInvalidateAllocations(allocationCount, allocations, offsets, sizes, VMA_CACHE_INVALIDATE);
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCheckCorruption(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    uint32_t memoryTypeBits)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCheckCorruption");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    return allocator->CheckCorruption(memoryTypeBits);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaDefragment(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    const VmaAllocation* pAllocations,
-    size_t allocationCount,
-    VkBool32* pAllocationsChanged,
-    const VmaDefragmentationInfo *pDefragmentationInfo,
-    VmaDefragmentationStats* pDefragmentationStats)
-{
-    // Deprecated interface, reimplemented using new one.
-
-    VmaDefragmentationInfo2 info2 = {};
-    info2.allocationCount = (uint32_t)allocationCount;
-    info2.pAllocations = pAllocations;
-    info2.pAllocationsChanged = pAllocationsChanged;
-    if(pDefragmentationInfo != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        info2.maxCpuAllocationsToMove = pDefragmentationInfo->maxAllocationsToMove;
-        info2.maxCpuBytesToMove = pDefragmentationInfo->maxBytesToMove;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        info2.maxCpuAllocationsToMove = UINT32_MAX;
-        info2.maxCpuBytesToMove = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;
-    }
-    // info2.flags, maxGpuAllocationsToMove, maxGpuBytesToMove, commandBuffer deliberately left zero.
-
-    VmaDefragmentationContext ctx;
-    VkResult res = vmaDefragmentationBegin(allocator, &info2, pDefragmentationStats, &ctx);
-    if(res == VK_NOT_READY)
-    {
-        res = vmaDefragmentationEnd( allocator, ctx);
-    }
-    return res;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaDefragmentationBegin(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    const VmaDefragmentationInfo2* pInfo,
-    VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats,
-    VmaDefragmentationContext *pContext)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pInfo && pContext);
-
-    // Degenerate case: Nothing to defragment.
-    if(pInfo->allocationCount == 0 && pInfo->poolCount == 0)
-    {
-        return VK_SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    VMA_ASSERT(pInfo->allocationCount == 0 || pInfo->pAllocations != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_ASSERT(pInfo->poolCount == 0 || pInfo->pPools != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(VmaValidatePointerArray(pInfo->allocationCount, pInfo->pAllocations));
-    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(VmaValidatePointerArray(pInfo->poolCount, pInfo->pPools));
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaDefragmentationBegin");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    VkResult res = allocator->DefragmentationBegin(*pInfo, pStats, pContext);
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaDefragmentationEnd(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VmaDefragmentationContext context)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaDefragmentationEnd");
-
-    if(context != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-    {
-        VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-        return allocator->DefragmentationEnd(context);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        return VK_SUCCESS;
-    }
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBeginDefragmentationPass(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VmaDefragmentationContext context,
-    VmaDefragmentationPassInfo* pInfo
-    )
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
-    VMA_ASSERT(pInfo);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaBeginDefragmentationPass");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    if(context == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-    {
-        pInfo->moveCount = 0;
-        return VK_SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    return allocator->DefragmentationPassBegin(pInfo, context);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaEndDefragmentationPass(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VmaDefragmentationContext context)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaEndDefragmentationPass");
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    if(context == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-        return VK_SUCCESS;
-
-    return allocator->DefragmentationPassEnd(context);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBindBufferMemory(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VmaAllocation allocation,
-    VkBuffer buffer)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation && buffer);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaBindBufferMemory");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    return allocator->BindBufferMemory(allocation, 0, buffer, VMA_NULL);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBindBufferMemory2(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VmaAllocation allocation,
-    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
-    VkBuffer buffer,
-    const void* pNext)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation && buffer);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaBindBufferMemory2");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    return allocator->BindBufferMemory(allocation, allocationLocalOffset, buffer, pNext);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBindImageMemory(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VmaAllocation allocation,
-    VkImage image)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation && image);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaBindImageMemory");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    return allocator->BindImageMemory(allocation, 0, image, VMA_NULL);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBindImageMemory2(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VmaAllocation allocation,
-    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
-    VkImage image,
-    const void* pNext)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation && image);
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaBindImageMemory2");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-        return allocator->BindImageMemory(allocation, allocationLocalOffset, image, pNext);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateBuffer(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    const VkBufferCreateInfo* pBufferCreateInfo,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,
-    VkBuffer* pBuffer,
-    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,
-    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pBufferCreateInfo && pAllocationCreateInfo && pBuffer && pAllocation);
-
-    if(pBufferCreateInfo->size == 0)
-    {
-        return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
-    }
-    if((pBufferCreateInfo->usage & VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT_COPY) != 0 &&
-        !allocator->m_UseKhrBufferDeviceAddress)
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Creating a buffer with VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT is not valid if VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT was not used.");
-        return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
-    }
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCreateBuffer");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    *pBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    *pAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-
-    // 1. Create VkBuffer.
-    VkResult res = (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkCreateBuffer)(
-        allocator->m_hDevice,
-        pBufferCreateInfo,
-        allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(),
-        pBuffer);
-    if(res >= 0)
-    {
-        // 2. vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements.
-        VkMemoryRequirements vkMemReq = {};
-        bool requiresDedicatedAllocation = false;
-        bool prefersDedicatedAllocation  = false;
-        allocator->GetBufferMemoryRequirements(*pBuffer, vkMemReq,
-            requiresDedicatedAllocation, prefersDedicatedAllocation);
-
-        // 3. Allocate memory using allocator.
-        res = allocator->AllocateMemory(
-            vkMemReq,
-            requiresDedicatedAllocation,
-            prefersDedicatedAllocation,
-            *pBuffer, // dedicatedBuffer
-            pBufferCreateInfo->usage, // dedicatedBufferUsage
-            VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedImage
-            *pAllocationCreateInfo,
-            VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_BUFFER,
-            1, // allocationCount
-            pAllocation);
-
-        if(res >= 0)
-        {
-            // 3. Bind buffer with memory.
-            if((pAllocationCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DONT_BIND_BIT) == 0)
-            {
-                res = allocator->BindBufferMemory(*pAllocation, 0, *pBuffer, VMA_NULL);
-            }
-            if(res >= 0)
-            {
-                // All steps succeeded.
-                #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-                    (*pAllocation)->InitBufferImageUsage(pBufferCreateInfo->usage);
-                #endif
-                if(pAllocationInfo != VMA_NULL)
-                {
-                    allocator->GetAllocationInfo(*pAllocation, pAllocationInfo);
-                }
-
-                return VK_SUCCESS;
-            }
-            allocator->FreeMemory(
-                1, // allocationCount
-                pAllocation);
-            *pAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyBuffer)(allocator->m_hDevice, *pBuffer, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
-            *pBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            return res;
-        }
-        (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyBuffer)(allocator->m_hDevice, *pBuffer, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
-        *pBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        return res;
-    }
-    return res;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateBufferWithAlignment(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    const VkBufferCreateInfo* pBufferCreateInfo,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,
-    VkDeviceSize minAlignment,
-    VkBuffer* pBuffer,
-    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,
-    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pBufferCreateInfo && pAllocationCreateInfo && VmaIsPow2(minAlignment) && pBuffer && pAllocation);
-
-    if(pBufferCreateInfo->size == 0)
-    {
-        return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
-    }
-    if((pBufferCreateInfo->usage & VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT_COPY) != 0 &&
-        !allocator->m_UseKhrBufferDeviceAddress)
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Creating a buffer with VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT is not valid if VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT was not used.");
-        return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
-    }
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCreateBufferWithAlignment");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    *pBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    *pAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-
-    // 1. Create VkBuffer.
-    VkResult res = (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkCreateBuffer)(
-        allocator->m_hDevice,
-        pBufferCreateInfo,
-        allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(),
-        pBuffer);
-    if(res >= 0)
-    {
-        // 2. vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements.
-        VkMemoryRequirements vkMemReq = {};
-        bool requiresDedicatedAllocation = false;
-        bool prefersDedicatedAllocation  = false;
-        allocator->GetBufferMemoryRequirements(*pBuffer, vkMemReq,
-            requiresDedicatedAllocation, prefersDedicatedAllocation);
-
-        // 2a. Include minAlignment
-        vkMemReq.alignment = VMA_MAX(vkMemReq.alignment, minAlignment);
-
-        // 3. Allocate memory using allocator.
-        res = allocator->AllocateMemory(
-            vkMemReq,
-            requiresDedicatedAllocation,
-            prefersDedicatedAllocation,
-            *pBuffer, // dedicatedBuffer
-            pBufferCreateInfo->usage, // dedicatedBufferUsage
-            VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedImage
-            *pAllocationCreateInfo,
-            VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_BUFFER,
-            1, // allocationCount
-            pAllocation);
-
-        if(res >= 0)
-        {
-            // 3. Bind buffer with memory.
-            if((pAllocationCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DONT_BIND_BIT) == 0)
-            {
-                res = allocator->BindBufferMemory(*pAllocation, 0, *pBuffer, VMA_NULL);
-            }
-            if(res >= 0)
-            {
-                // All steps succeeded.
-                #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-                    (*pAllocation)->InitBufferImageUsage(pBufferCreateInfo->usage);
-                #endif
-                if(pAllocationInfo != VMA_NULL)
-                {
-                    allocator->GetAllocationInfo(*pAllocation, pAllocationInfo);
-                }
-
-                return VK_SUCCESS;
-            }
-            allocator->FreeMemory(
-                1, // allocationCount
-                pAllocation);
-            *pAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyBuffer)(allocator->m_hDevice, *pBuffer, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
-            *pBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            return res;
-        }
-        (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyBuffer)(allocator->m_hDevice, *pBuffer, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
-        *pBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        return res;
-    }
-    return res;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaDestroyBuffer(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VkBuffer buffer,
-    VmaAllocation allocation)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
-
-    if(buffer == VK_NULL_HANDLE && allocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-    {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaDestroyBuffer");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    if(buffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-    {
-        (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyBuffer)(allocator->m_hDevice, buffer, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
-    }
-
-    if(allocation != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-    {
-        allocator->FreeMemory(
-            1, // allocationCount
-            &allocation);
-    }
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateImage(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    const VkImageCreateInfo* pImageCreateInfo,
-    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,
-    VkImage* pImage,
-    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,
-    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pImageCreateInfo && pAllocationCreateInfo && pImage && pAllocation);
-
-    if(pImageCreateInfo->extent.width == 0 ||
-        pImageCreateInfo->extent.height == 0 ||
-        pImageCreateInfo->extent.depth == 0 ||
-        pImageCreateInfo->mipLevels == 0 ||
-        pImageCreateInfo->arrayLayers == 0)
-    {
-        return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
-    }
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCreateImage");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    *pImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    *pAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-
-    // 1. Create VkImage.
-    VkResult res = (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkCreateImage)(
-        allocator->m_hDevice,
-        pImageCreateInfo,
-        allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(),
-        pImage);
-    if(res >= 0)
-    {
-        VmaSuballocationType suballocType = pImageCreateInfo->tiling == VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL ?
-            VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL :
-            VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_LINEAR;
-
-        // 2. Allocate memory using allocator.
-        VkMemoryRequirements vkMemReq = {};
-        bool requiresDedicatedAllocation = false;
-        bool prefersDedicatedAllocation  = false;
-        allocator->GetImageMemoryRequirements(*pImage, vkMemReq,
-            requiresDedicatedAllocation, prefersDedicatedAllocation);
-
-        res = allocator->AllocateMemory(
-            vkMemReq,
-            requiresDedicatedAllocation,
-            prefersDedicatedAllocation,
-            VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedBuffer
-            UINT32_MAX, // dedicatedBufferUsage
-            *pImage, // dedicatedImage
-            *pAllocationCreateInfo,
-            suballocType,
-            1, // allocationCount
-            pAllocation);
-
-        if(res >= 0)
-        {
-            // 3. Bind image with memory.
-            if((pAllocationCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DONT_BIND_BIT) == 0)
-            {
-                res = allocator->BindImageMemory(*pAllocation, 0, *pImage, VMA_NULL);
-            }
-            if(res >= 0)
-            {
-                // All steps succeeded.
-                #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-                    (*pAllocation)->InitBufferImageUsage(pImageCreateInfo->usage);
-                #endif
-                if(pAllocationInfo != VMA_NULL)
-                {
-                    allocator->GetAllocationInfo(*pAllocation, pAllocationInfo);
-                }
-
-                return VK_SUCCESS;
-            }
-            allocator->FreeMemory(
-                1, // allocationCount
-                pAllocation);
-            *pAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyImage)(allocator->m_hDevice, *pImage, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
-            *pImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            return res;
-        }
-        (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyImage)(allocator->m_hDevice, *pImage, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
-        *pImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        return res;
-    }
-    return res;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaDestroyImage(
-    VmaAllocator allocator,
-    VkImage image,
-    VmaAllocation allocation)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
-
-    if(image == VK_NULL_HANDLE && allocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-    {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaDestroyImage");
-
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
-
-    if(image != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-    {
-        (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyImage)(allocator->m_hDevice, image, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
-    }
-    if(allocation != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-    {
-        allocator->FreeMemory(
-            1, // allocationCount
-            &allocation);
-    }
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateVirtualBlock(
-    const VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pCreateInfo,
-    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NULLABLE * VMA_NOT_NULL pVirtualBlock)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(pCreateInfo && pVirtualBlock);
-    VMA_ASSERT(pCreateInfo->size > 0);
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCreateVirtualBlock");
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
-    *pVirtualBlock = vma_new(pCreateInfo->pAllocationCallbacks, VmaVirtualBlock_T)(*pCreateInfo);
-    VkResult res = (*pVirtualBlock)->Init();
-    if(res < 0)
-    {
-        vma_delete(pCreateInfo->pAllocationCallbacks, *pVirtualBlock);
-        *pVirtualBlock = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    }
-    return res;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaDestroyVirtualBlock(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NULLABLE virtualBlock)
-{
-    if(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-    {
-        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaDestroyVirtualBlock");
-        VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
-        VkAllocationCallbacks allocationCallbacks = virtualBlock->m_AllocationCallbacks; // Have to copy the callbacks when destroying.
-        vma_delete(&allocationCallbacks, virtualBlock);
-    }
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkBool32 VMA_CALL_POST vmaIsVirtualBlockEmpty(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaIsVirtualBlockEmpty");
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
-    return virtualBlock->IsEmpty() ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE;
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetVirtualAllocationInfo(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
-    VmaVirtualAllocation allocation, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pVirtualAllocInfo)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE && pVirtualAllocInfo != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaGetVirtualAllocationInfo");
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
-    virtualBlock->GetAllocationInfo(allocation, *pVirtualAllocInfo);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaVirtualAllocate(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
-    const VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pCreateInfo, VmaVirtualAllocation* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocation,
-    VkDeviceSize* VMA_NULLABLE pOffset)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE && pCreateInfo != VMA_NULL && pAllocation != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaVirtualAllocate");
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
-    return virtualBlock->Allocate(*pCreateInfo, *pAllocation, pOffset);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaVirtualFree(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock, VmaVirtualAllocation allocation)
-{
-    if(allocation != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
-        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaVirtualFree");
-        VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
-        virtualBlock->Free(allocation);
-    }
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaClearVirtualBlock(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaClearVirtualBlock");
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
-    virtualBlock->Clear();
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaSetVirtualAllocationUserData(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
-    VmaVirtualAllocation allocation, void* VMA_NULLABLE pUserData)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaSetVirtualAllocationUserData");
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
-    virtualBlock->SetAllocationUserData(allocation, pUserData);
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaCalculateVirtualBlockStats(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
-    VmaStatInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pStatInfo)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE && pStatInfo != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCalculateVirtualBlockStats");
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
-    virtualBlock->CalculateStats(*pStatInfo);
-}
-
-#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaBuildVirtualBlockStatsString(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
-    char* VMA_NULLABLE * VMA_NOT_NULL ppStatsString, VkBool32 detailedMap)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE && ppStatsString != VMA_NULL);
-    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
-    const VkAllocationCallbacks* allocationCallbacks = virtualBlock->GetAllocationCallbacks();
-    VmaStringBuilder sb(allocationCallbacks);
-    virtualBlock->BuildStatsString(detailedMap != VK_FALSE, sb);
-    *ppStatsString = VmaCreateStringCopy(allocationCallbacks, sb.GetData(), sb.GetLength());
-}
-
-VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaFreeVirtualBlockStatsString(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
-    char* VMA_NULLABLE pStatsString)
-{
-    if(pStatsString != VMA_NULL)
-    {
-        VMA_ASSERT(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
-        VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
-        VmaFreeString(virtualBlock->GetAllocationCallbacks(), pStatsString);
-    }
-}
-#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
-#endif // _VMA_PUBLIC_INTERFACE
-#endif // VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
-
-/**
-\page quick_start Quick start
-
-\section quick_start_project_setup Project setup
-
-Vulkan Memory Allocator comes in form of a "stb-style" single header file.
-You don't need to build it as a separate library project.
-You can add this file directly to your project and submit it to code repository next to your other source files.
-
-"Single header" doesn't mean that everything is contained in C/C++ declarations,
-like it tends to be in case of inline functions or C++ templates.
-It means that implementation is bundled with interface in a single file and needs to be extracted using preprocessor macro.
-If you don't do it properly, you will get linker errors.
-
-To do it properly:
-
--# Include "vk_mem_alloc.h" file in each CPP file where you want to use the library.
-   This includes declarations of all members of the library.
--# In exactly one CPP file define following macro before this include.
-   It enables also internal definitions.
-
-\code
-#define VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
-#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"
-\endcode
-
-It may be a good idea to create dedicated CPP file just for this purpose.
-
-Note on language: This library is written in C++, but has C-compatible interface.
-Thus you can include and use vk_mem_alloc.h in C or C++ code, but full
-implementation with `VMA_IMPLEMENTATION` macro must be compiled as C++, NOT as C.
-
-Please note that this library includes header `<vulkan/vulkan.h>`, which in turn
-includes `<windows.h>` on Windows. If you need some specific macros defined
-before including these headers (like `WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN` or
-`WINVER` for Windows, `VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR` for Vulkan), you must define
-them before every `#include` of this library.
-
-You may need to configure the way you import Vulkan functions.
-
-- By default, VMA assumes you you link statically with Vulkan API. If this is not the case,
-  `#define VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 0` before `#include` of the VMA implementation and use another way.
-- You can `#define VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 1` and pass only pointers to `vkGetInstanceProcAddr` and
-  `vkGetDeviceProcAddr` functions through VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pVulkanFunctions.
-  All the remaining Vulkan functions will be fetched automatically.
-- Finally, you can provide your own pointers to all Vulkan functions needed by VMA using structure member
-  VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pVulkanFunctions, if you fetched them in some custom way e.g. using some loader like [Volk](https://github.com/zeux/volk).
-
-
-\section quick_start_initialization Initialization
-
-At program startup:
-
--# Initialize Vulkan to have `VkPhysicalDevice`, `VkDevice` and `VkInstance` object.
--# Fill VmaAllocatorCreateInfo structure and create #VmaAllocator object by
-   calling vmaCreateAllocator().
-
-\code
-VmaAllocatorCreateInfo allocatorInfo = {};
-allocatorInfo.vulkanApiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_2;
-allocatorInfo.physicalDevice = physicalDevice;
-allocatorInfo.device = device;
-allocatorInfo.instance = instance;
-
-VmaAllocator allocator;
-vmaCreateAllocator(&allocatorInfo, &allocator);
-\endcode
-
-Only members `physicalDevice`, `device`, `instance` are required.
-However, you should inform the library which Vulkan version do you use by setting
-VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::vulkanApiVersion and which extensions did you enable
-by setting VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::flags (like #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT for VK_KHR_buffer_device_address).
-Otherwise, VMA would use only features of Vulkan 1.0 core with no extensions.
-
-
-\section quick_start_resource_allocation Resource allocation
-
-When you want to create a buffer or image:
-
--# Fill `VkBufferCreateInfo` / `VkImageCreateInfo` structure.
--# Fill VmaAllocationCreateInfo structure.
--# Call vmaCreateBuffer() / vmaCreateImage() to get `VkBuffer`/`VkImage` with memory
-   already allocated and bound to it.
-
-\code
-VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
-bufferInfo.size = 65536;
-bufferInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
-
-VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocInfo = {};
-allocInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;
-
-VkBuffer buffer;
-VmaAllocation allocation;
-vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufferInfo, &allocInfo, &buffer, &allocation, nullptr);
-\endcode
-
-Don't forget to destroy your objects when no longer needed:
-
-\code
-vmaDestroyBuffer(allocator, buffer, allocation);
-vmaDestroyAllocator(allocator);
-\endcode
-
-
-\page choosing_memory_type Choosing memory type
-
-Physical devices in Vulkan support various combinations of memory heaps and
-types. Help with choosing correct and optimal memory type for your specific
-resource is one of the key features of this library. You can use it by filling
-appropriate members of VmaAllocationCreateInfo structure, as described below.
-You can also combine multiple methods.
-
--# If you just want to find memory type index that meets your requirements, you
-   can use function: vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex(), vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(),
-   vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForImageInfo().
--# If you want to allocate a region of device memory without association with any
-   specific image or buffer, you can use function vmaAllocateMemory(). Usage of
-   this function is not recommended and usually not needed.
-   vmaAllocateMemoryPages() function is also provided for creating multiple allocations at once,
-   which may be useful for sparse binding.
--# If you already have a buffer or an image created, you want to allocate memory
-   for it and then you will bind it yourself, you can use function
-   vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer(), vmaAllocateMemoryForImage().
-   For binding you should use functions: vmaBindBufferMemory(), vmaBindImageMemory()
-   or their extended versions: vmaBindBufferMemory2(), vmaBindImageMemory2().
--# If you want to create a buffer or an image, allocate memory for it and bind
-   them together, all in one call, you can use function vmaCreateBuffer(),
-   vmaCreateImage(). This is the easiest and recommended way to use this library.
-
-When using 3. or 4., the library internally queries Vulkan for memory types
-supported for that buffer or image (function `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements()`)
-and uses only one of these types.
-
-If no memory type can be found that meets all the requirements, these functions
-return `VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT`.
-
-You can leave VmaAllocationCreateInfo structure completely filled with zeros.
-It means no requirements are specified for memory type.
-It is valid, although not very useful.
-
-\section choosing_memory_type_usage Usage
-
-The easiest way to specify memory requirements is to fill member
-VmaAllocationCreateInfo::usage using one of the values of enum #VmaMemoryUsage.
-It defines high level, common usage types.
-For more details, see description of this enum.
-
-For example, if you want to create a uniform buffer that will be filled using
-transfer only once or infrequently and used for rendering every frame, you can
-do it using following code:
-
-\code
-VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
-bufferInfo.size = 65536;
-bufferInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
-
-VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocInfo = {};
-allocInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;
-
-VkBuffer buffer;
-VmaAllocation allocation;
-vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufferInfo, &allocInfo, &buffer, &allocation, nullptr);
-\endcode
-
-\section choosing_memory_type_required_preferred_flags Required and preferred flags
-
-You can specify more detailed requirements by filling members
-VmaAllocationCreateInfo::requiredFlags and VmaAllocationCreateInfo::preferredFlags
-with a combination of bits from enum `VkMemoryPropertyFlags`. For example,
-if you want to create a buffer that will be persistently mapped on host (so it
-must be `HOST_VISIBLE`) and preferably will also be `HOST_COHERENT` and `HOST_CACHED`,
-use following code:
-
-\code
-VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocInfo = {};
-allocInfo.requiredFlags = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT;
-allocInfo.preferredFlags = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT;
-allocInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;
-
-VkBuffer buffer;
-VmaAllocation allocation;
-vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufferInfo, &allocInfo, &buffer, &allocation, nullptr);
-\endcode
-
-A memory type is chosen that has all the required flags and as many preferred
-flags set as possible.
-
-If you use VmaAllocationCreateInfo::usage, it is just internally converted to
-a set of required and preferred flags.
-
-\section choosing_memory_type_explicit_memory_types Explicit memory types
-
-If you inspected memory types available on the physical device and you have
-a preference for memory types that you want to use, you can fill member
-VmaAllocationCreateInfo::memoryTypeBits. It is a bit mask, where each bit set
-means that a memory type with that index is allowed to be used for the
-allocation. Special value 0, just like `UINT32_MAX`, means there are no
-restrictions to memory type index.
-
-Please note that this member is NOT just a memory type index.
-Still you can use it to choose just one, specific memory type.
-For example, if you already determined that your buffer should be created in
-memory type 2, use following code:
-
-\code
-uint32_t memoryTypeIndex = 2;
-
-VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocInfo = {};
-allocInfo.memoryTypeBits = 1u << memoryTypeIndex;
-
-VkBuffer buffer;
-VmaAllocation allocation;
-vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufferInfo, &allocInfo, &buffer, &allocation, nullptr);
-\endcode
-
-
-\section choosing_memory_type_custom_memory_pools Custom memory pools
-
-If you allocate from custom memory pool, all the ways of specifying memory
-requirements described above are not applicable and the aforementioned members
-of VmaAllocationCreateInfo structure are ignored. Memory type is selected
-explicitly when creating the pool and then used to make all the allocations from
-that pool. For further details, see \ref custom_memory_pools.
-
-\section choosing_memory_type_dedicated_allocations Dedicated allocations
-
-Memory for allocations is reserved out of larger block of `VkDeviceMemory`
-allocated from Vulkan internally. That is the main feature of this whole library.
-You can still request a separate memory block to be created for an allocation,
-just like you would do in a trivial solution without using any allocator.
-In that case, a buffer or image is always bound to that memory at offset 0.
-This is called a "dedicated allocation".
-You can explicitly request it by using flag #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT.
-The library can also internally decide to use dedicated allocation in some cases, e.g.:
-
-- When the size of the allocation is large.
-- When [VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation](@ref vk_khr_dedicated_allocation) extension is enabled
-  and it reports that dedicated allocation is required or recommended for the resource.
-- When allocation of next big memory block fails due to not enough device memory,
-  but allocation with the exact requested size succeeds.
-
-
-\page memory_mapping Memory mapping
-
-To "map memory" in Vulkan means to obtain a CPU pointer to `VkDeviceMemory`,
-to be able to read from it or write to it in CPU code.
-Mapping is possible only of memory allocated from a memory type that has
-`VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` flag.
-Functions `vkMapMemory()`, `vkUnmapMemory()` are designed for this purpose.
-You can use them directly with memory allocated by this library,
-but it is not recommended because of following issue:
-Mapping the same `VkDeviceMemory` block multiple times is illegal - only one mapping at a time is allowed.
-This includes mapping disjoint regions. Mapping is not reference-counted internally by Vulkan.
-Because of this, Vulkan Memory Allocator provides following facilities:
-
-\section memory_mapping_mapping_functions Mapping functions
-
-The library provides following functions for mapping of a specific #VmaAllocation: vmaMapMemory(), vmaUnmapMemory().
-They are safer and more convenient to use than standard Vulkan functions.
-You can map an allocation multiple times simultaneously - mapping is reference-counted internally.
-You can also map different allocations simultaneously regardless of whether they use the same `VkDeviceMemory` block.
-The way it is implemented is that the library always maps entire memory block, not just region of the allocation.
-For further details, see description of vmaMapMemory() function.
-Example:
-
-\code
-// Having these objects initialized:
-
-struct ConstantBuffer
-{
-    ...
-};
-ConstantBuffer constantBufferData;
-
-VmaAllocator allocator;
-VkBuffer constantBuffer;
-VmaAllocation constantBufferAllocation;
-
-// You can map and fill your buffer using following code:
-
-void* mappedData;
-vmaMapMemory(allocator, constantBufferAllocation, &mappedData);
-memcpy(mappedData, &constantBufferData, sizeof(constantBufferData));
-vmaUnmapMemory(allocator, constantBufferAllocation);
-\endcode
-
-When mapping, you may see a warning from Vulkan validation layer similar to this one:
-
-<i>Mapping an image with layout VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL can result in undefined behavior if this memory is used by the device. Only GENERAL or PREINITIALIZED should be used.</i>
-
-It happens because the library maps entire `VkDeviceMemory` block, where different
-types of images and buffers may end up together, especially on GPUs with unified memory like Intel.
-You can safely ignore it if you are sure you access only memory of the intended
-object that you wanted to map.
-
-
-\section memory_mapping_persistently_mapped_memory Persistently mapped memory
-
-Kepping your memory persistently mapped is generally OK in Vulkan.
-You don't need to unmap it before using its data on the GPU.
-The library provides a special feature designed for that:
-Allocations made with #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT flag set in
-VmaAllocationCreateInfo::flags stay mapped all the time,
-so you can just access CPU pointer to it any time
-without a need to call any "map" or "unmap" function.
-Example:
-
-\code
-VkBufferCreateInfo bufCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
-bufCreateInfo.size = sizeof(ConstantBuffer);
-bufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
-
-VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
-allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY;
-allocCreateInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;
-
-VkBuffer buf;
-VmaAllocation alloc;
-VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;
-vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufCreateInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &buf, &alloc, &allocInfo);
-
-// Buffer is already mapped. You can access its memory.
-memcpy(allocInfo.pMappedData, &constantBufferData, sizeof(constantBufferData));
-\endcode
-
-There are some exceptions though, when you should consider mapping memory only for a short period of time:
-
-- When operating system is Windows 7 or 8.x (Windows 10 is not affected because it uses WDDM2),
-  device is discrete AMD GPU,
-  and memory type is the special 256 MiB pool of `DEVICE_LOCAL + HOST_VISIBLE` memory
-  (selected when you use #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU),
-  then whenever a memory block allocated from this memory type stays mapped
-  for the time of any call to `vkQueueSubmit()` or `vkQueuePresentKHR()`, this
-  block is migrated by WDDM to system RAM, which degrades performance. It doesn't
-  matter if that particular memory block is actually used by the command buffer
-  being submitted.
-- Keeping many large memory blocks mapped may impact performance or stability of some debugging tools.
-
-\section memory_mapping_cache_control Cache flush and invalidate
-
-Memory in Vulkan doesn't need to be unmapped before using it on GPU,
-but unless a memory types has `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT` flag set,
-you need to manually **invalidate** cache before reading of mapped pointer
-and **flush** cache after writing to mapped pointer.
-Map/unmap operations don't do that automatically.
-Vulkan provides following functions for this purpose `vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges()`,
-`vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges()`, but this library provides more convenient
-functions that refer to given allocation object: vmaFlushAllocation(),
-vmaInvalidateAllocation(),
-or multiple objects at once: vmaFlushAllocations(), vmaInvalidateAllocations().
-
-Regions of memory specified for flush/invalidate must be aligned to
-`VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::nonCoherentAtomSize`. This is automatically ensured by the library.
-In any memory type that is `HOST_VISIBLE` but not `HOST_COHERENT`, all allocations
-within blocks are aligned to this value, so their offsets are always multiply of
-`nonCoherentAtomSize` and two different allocations never share same "line" of this size.
-
-Please note that memory allocated with #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY is guaranteed to be `HOST_COHERENT`.
-
-Also, Windows drivers from all 3 **PC** GPU vendors (AMD, Intel, NVIDIA)
-currently provide `HOST_COHERENT` flag on all memory types that are
-`HOST_VISIBLE`, so on this platform you may not need to bother.
-
-\section memory_mapping_finding_if_memory_mappable Finding out if memory is mappable
-
-It may happen that your allocation ends up in memory that is `HOST_VISIBLE` (available for mapping)
-despite it wasn't explicitly requested.
-For example, application may work on integrated graphics with unified memory (like Intel) or
-allocation from video memory might have failed, so the library chose system memory as fallback.
-
-You can detect this case and map such allocation to access its memory on CPU directly,
-instead of launching a transfer operation.
-In order to do that: call vmaGetAllocationMemoryProperties()
-and look for `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` flag.
-
-\code
-VkBufferCreateInfo bufCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
-bufCreateInfo.size = sizeof(ConstantBuffer);
-bufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
-
-VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
-allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;
-allocCreateInfo.preferredFlags = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT;
-
-VkBuffer buf;
-VmaAllocation alloc;
-vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufCreateInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &buf, &alloc, nullptr);
-
-VkMemoryPropertyFlags memFlags;
-vmaGetAllocationMemoryProperties(allocator, alloc, &memFlags);
-if((memFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) != 0)
-{
-    // Allocation ended up in mappable memory. You can map it and access it directly.
-    void* mappedData;
-    vmaMapMemory(allocator, alloc, &mappedData);
-    memcpy(mappedData, &constantBufferData, sizeof(constantBufferData));
-    vmaUnmapMemory(allocator, alloc);
-}
-else
-{
-    // Allocation ended up in non-mappable memory.
-    // You need to create CPU-side buffer in VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY and make a transfer.
-}
-\endcode
-
-You can even use #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT flag while creating allocations
-that are not necessarily `HOST_VISIBLE` (e.g. using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY).
-If the allocation ends up in memory type that is `HOST_VISIBLE`, it will be persistently mapped and you can use it directly.
-If not, the flag is just ignored.
-Example:
-
-\code
-VkBufferCreateInfo bufCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
-bufCreateInfo.size = sizeof(ConstantBuffer);
-bufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
-
-VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
-allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;
-allocCreateInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;
-
-VkBuffer buf;
-VmaAllocation alloc;
-VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;
-vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufCreateInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &buf, &alloc, &allocInfo);
-
-if(allocInfo.pMappedData != nullptr)
-{
-    // Allocation ended up in mappable memory.
-    // It is persistently mapped. You can access it directly.
-    memcpy(allocInfo.pMappedData, &constantBufferData, sizeof(constantBufferData));
-}
-else
-{
-    // Allocation ended up in non-mappable memory.
-    // You need to create CPU-side buffer in VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY and make a transfer.
-}
-\endcode
-
-
-\page staying_within_budget Staying within budget
-
-When developing a graphics-intensive game or program, it is important to avoid allocating
-more GPU memory than it is physically available. When the memory is over-committed,
-various bad things can happen, depending on the specific GPU, graphics driver, and
-operating system:
-
-- It may just work without any problems.
-- The application may slow down because some memory blocks are moved to system RAM
-  and the GPU has to access them through PCI Express bus.
-- A new allocation may take very long time to complete, even few seconds, and possibly
-  freeze entire system.
-- The new allocation may fail with `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`.
-- It may even result in GPU crash (TDR), observed as `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`
-  returned somewhere later.
-
-\section staying_within_budget_querying_for_budget Querying for budget
-
-To query for current memory usage and available budget, use function vmaGetHeapBudgets().
-Returned structure #VmaBudget contains quantities expressed in bytes, per Vulkan memory heap.
-
-Please note that this function returns different information and works faster than
-vmaCalculateStats(). vmaGetHeapBudgets() can be called every frame or even before every
-allocation, while vmaCalculateStats() is intended to be used rarely,
-only to obtain statistical information, e.g. for debugging purposes.
-
-It is recommended to use <b>VK_EXT_memory_budget</b> device extension to obtain information
-about the budget from Vulkan device. VMA is able to use this extension automatically.
-When not enabled, the allocator behaves same way, but then it estimates current usage
-and available budget based on its internal information and Vulkan memory heap sizes,
-which may be less precise. In order to use this extension:
-
-1. Make sure extensions VK_EXT_memory_budget and VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2
-   required by it are available and enable them. Please note that the first is a device
-   extension and the second is instance extension!
-2. Use flag #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_BUDGET_BIT when creating #VmaAllocator object.
-3. Make sure to call vmaSetCurrentFrameIndex() every frame. Budget is queried from
-   Vulkan inside of it to avoid overhead of querying it with every allocation.
-
-\section staying_within_budget_controlling_memory_usage Controlling memory usage
-
-There are many ways in which you can try to stay within the budget.
-
-First, when making new allocation requires allocating a new memory block, the library
-tries not to exceed the budget automatically. If a block with default recommended size
-(e.g. 256 MB) would go over budget, a smaller block is allocated, possibly even
-dedicated memory for just this resource.
-
-If the size of the requested resource plus current memory usage is more than the
-budget, by default the library still tries to create it, leaving it to the Vulkan
-implementation whether the allocation succeeds or fails. You can change this behavior
-by using #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_WITHIN_BUDGET_BIT flag. With it, the allocation is
-not made if it would exceed the budget or if the budget is already exceeded.
-The allocation then fails with `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`.
-Example usage pattern may be to pass the #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_WITHIN_BUDGET_BIT flag
-when creating resources that are not essential for the application (e.g. the texture
-of a specific object) and not to pass it when creating critically important resources
-(e.g. render targets).
-
-Finally, you can also use #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT flag to make sure
-a new allocation is created only when it fits inside one of the existing memory blocks.
-If it would require to allocate a new block, if fails instead with `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`.
-This also ensures that the function call is very fast because it never goes to Vulkan
-to obtain a new block.
-
-Please note that creating \ref custom_memory_pools with VmaPoolCreateInfo::minBlockCount
-set to more than 0 will try to allocate memory blocks without checking whether they
-fit within budget.
-
-
-\page resource_aliasing Resource aliasing (overlap)
-
-New explicit graphics APIs (Vulkan and Direct3D 12), thanks to manual memory
-management, give an opportunity to alias (overlap) multiple resources in the
-same region of memory - a feature not available in the old APIs (Direct3D 11, OpenGL).
-It can be useful to save video memory, but it must be used with caution.
-
-For example, if you know the flow of your whole render frame in advance, you
-are going to use some intermediate textures or buffers only during a small range of render passes,
-and you know these ranges don't overlap in time, you can bind these resources to
-the same place in memory, even if they have completely different parameters (width, height, format etc.).
-
-![Resource aliasing (overlap)](../gfx/Aliasing.png)
-
-Such scenario is possible using VMA, but you need to create your images manually.
-Then you need to calculate parameters of an allocation to be made using formula:
-
-- allocation size = max(size of each image)
-- allocation alignment = max(alignment of each image)
-- allocation memoryTypeBits = bitwise AND(memoryTypeBits of each image)
-
-Following example shows two different images bound to the same place in memory,
-allocated to fit largest of them.
-
-\code
-// A 512x512 texture to be sampled.
-VkImageCreateInfo img1CreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO };
-img1CreateInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
-img1CreateInfo.extent.width = 512;
-img1CreateInfo.extent.height = 512;
-img1CreateInfo.extent.depth = 1;
-img1CreateInfo.mipLevels = 10;
-img1CreateInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
-img1CreateInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB;
-img1CreateInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
-img1CreateInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
-img1CreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
-img1CreateInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
-
-// A full screen texture to be used as color attachment.
-VkImageCreateInfo img2CreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO };
-img2CreateInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
-img2CreateInfo.extent.width = 1920;
-img2CreateInfo.extent.height = 1080;
-img2CreateInfo.extent.depth = 1;
-img2CreateInfo.mipLevels = 1;
-img2CreateInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
-img2CreateInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
-img2CreateInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
-img2CreateInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
-img2CreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
-img2CreateInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
-
-VkImage img1;
-res = vkCreateImage(device, &img1CreateInfo, nullptr, &img1);
-VkImage img2;
-res = vkCreateImage(device, &img2CreateInfo, nullptr, &img2);
-
-VkMemoryRequirements img1MemReq;
-vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, img1, &img1MemReq);
-VkMemoryRequirements img2MemReq;
-vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, img2, &img2MemReq);
-
-VkMemoryRequirements finalMemReq = {};
-finalMemReq.size = std::max(img1MemReq.size, img2MemReq.size);
-finalMemReq.alignment = std::max(img1MemReq.alignment, img2MemReq.alignment);
-finalMemReq.memoryTypeBits = img1MemReq.memoryTypeBits & img2MemReq.memoryTypeBits;
-// Validate if(finalMemReq.memoryTypeBits != 0)
-
-VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
-allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;
-
-VmaAllocation alloc;
-res = vmaAllocateMemory(allocator, &finalMemReq, &allocCreateInfo, &alloc, nullptr);
-
-res = vmaBindImageMemory(allocator, alloc, img1);
-res = vmaBindImageMemory(allocator, alloc, img2);
-
-// You can use img1, img2 here, but not at the same time!
-
-vmaFreeMemory(allocator, alloc);
-vkDestroyImage(allocator, img2, nullptr);
-vkDestroyImage(allocator, img1, nullptr);
-\endcode
-
-Remember that using resources that alias in memory requires proper synchronization.
-You need to issue a memory barrier to make sure commands that use `img1` and `img2`
-don't overlap on GPU timeline.
-You also need to treat a resource after aliasing as uninitialized - containing garbage data.
-For example, if you use `img1` and then want to use `img2`, you need to issue
-an image memory barrier for `img2` with `oldLayout` = `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED`.
-
-Additional considerations:
-
-- Vulkan also allows to interpret contents of memory between aliasing resources consistently in some cases.
-See chapter 11.8. "Memory Aliasing" of Vulkan specification or `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_ALIAS_BIT` flag.
-- You can create more complex layout where different images and buffers are bound
-at different offsets inside one large allocation. For example, one can imagine
-a big texture used in some render passes, aliasing with a set of many small buffers
-used between in some further passes. To bind a resource at non-zero offset of an allocation,
-use vmaBindBufferMemory2() / vmaBindImageMemory2().
-- Before allocating memory for the resources you want to alias, check `memoryTypeBits`
-returned in memory requirements of each resource to make sure the bits overlap.
-Some GPUs may expose multiple memory types suitable e.g. only for buffers or
-images with `COLOR_ATTACHMENT` usage, so the sets of memory types supported by your
-resources may be disjoint. Aliasing them is not possible in that case.
-
-
-\page custom_memory_pools Custom memory pools
-
-A memory pool contains a number of `VkDeviceMemory` blocks.
-The library automatically creates and manages default pool for each memory type available on the device.
-Default memory pool automatically grows in size.
-Size of allocated blocks is also variable and managed automatically.
-
-You can create custom pool and allocate memory out of it.
-It can be useful if you want to:
-
-- Keep certain kind of allocations separate from others.
-- Enforce particular, fixed size of Vulkan memory blocks.
-- Limit maximum amount of Vulkan memory allocated for that pool.
-- Reserve minimum or fixed amount of Vulkan memory always preallocated for that pool.
-- Use extra parameters for a set of your allocations that are available in #VmaPoolCreateInfo but not in
-  #VmaAllocationCreateInfo - e.g., custom minimum alignment, custom `pNext` chain.
-
-To use custom memory pools:
-
--# Fill VmaPoolCreateInfo structure.
--# Call vmaCreatePool() to obtain #VmaPool handle.
--# When making an allocation, set VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pool to this handle.
-   You don't need to specify any other parameters of this structure, like `usage`.
-
-Example:
-
-\code
-// Create a pool that can have at most 2 blocks, 128 MiB each.
-VmaPoolCreateInfo poolCreateInfo = {};
-poolCreateInfo.memoryTypeIndex = ...
-poolCreateInfo.blockSize = 128ull * 1024 * 1024;
-poolCreateInfo.maxBlockCount = 2;
-
-VmaPool pool;
-vmaCreatePool(allocator, &poolCreateInfo, &pool);
-
-// Allocate a buffer out of it.
-VkBufferCreateInfo bufCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
-bufCreateInfo.size = 1024;
-bufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
-
-VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
-allocCreateInfo.pool = pool;
-
-VkBuffer buf;
-VmaAllocation alloc;
-VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;
-vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufCreateInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &buf, &alloc, &allocInfo);
-\endcode
-
-You have to free all allocations made from this pool before destroying it.
-
-\code
-vmaDestroyBuffer(allocator, buf, alloc);
-vmaDestroyPool(allocator, pool);
-\endcode
-
-New versions of this library support creating dedicated allocations in custom pools.
-It is supported only when VmaPoolCreateInfo::blockSize = 0.
-To use this feature, set VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pool to the pointer to your custom pool and
-VmaAllocationCreateInfo::flags to #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT.
-
-\section custom_memory_pools_MemTypeIndex Choosing memory type index
-
-When creating a pool, you must explicitly specify memory type index.
-To find the one suitable for your buffers or images, you can use helper functions
-vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(), vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForImageInfo().
-You need to provide structures with example parameters of buffers or images
-that you are going to create in that pool.
-
-\code
-VkBufferCreateInfo exampleBufCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
-exampleBufCreateInfo.size = 1024; // Whatever.
-exampleBufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT; // Change if needed.
-
-VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
-allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY; // Change if needed.
-
-uint32_t memTypeIndex;
-vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(allocator, &exampleBufCreateInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &memTypeIndex);
-
-VmaPoolCreateInfo poolCreateInfo = {};
-poolCreateInfo.memoryTypeIndex = memTypeIndex;
-// ...
-\endcode
-
-When creating buffers/images allocated in that pool, provide following parameters:
-
-- `VkBufferCreateInfo`: Prefer to pass same parameters as above.
-  Otherwise you risk creating resources in a memory type that is not suitable for them, which may result in undefined behavior.
-  Using different `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_` flags may work, but you shouldn't create images in a pool intended for buffers
-  or the other way around.
-- VmaAllocationCreateInfo: You don't need to pass same parameters. Fill only `pool` member.
-  Other members are ignored anyway.
-
-\section linear_algorithm Linear allocation algorithm
-
-Each Vulkan memory block managed by this library has accompanying metadata that
-keeps track of used and unused regions. By default, the metadata structure and
-algorithm tries to find best place for new allocations among free regions to
-optimize memory usage. This way you can allocate and free objects in any order.
-
-![Default allocation algorithm](../gfx/Linear_allocator_1_algo_default.png)
-
-Sometimes there is a need to use simpler, linear allocation algorithm. You can
-create custom pool that uses such algorithm by adding flag
-#VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT to VmaPoolCreateInfo::flags while creating
-#VmaPool object. Then an alternative metadata management is used. It always
-creates new allocations after last one and doesn't reuse free regions after
-allocations freed in the middle. It results in better allocation performance and
-less memory consumed by metadata.
-
-![Linear allocation algorithm](../gfx/Linear_allocator_2_algo_linear.png)
-
-With this one flag, you can create a custom pool that can be used in many ways:
-free-at-once, stack, double stack, and ring buffer. See below for details.
-You don't need to specify explicitly which of these options you are going to use - it is detected automatically.
-
-\subsection linear_algorithm_free_at_once Free-at-once
-
-In a pool that uses linear algorithm, you still need to free all the allocations
-individually, e.g. by using vmaFreeMemory() or vmaDestroyBuffer(). You can free
-them in any order. New allocations are always made after last one - free space
-in the middle is not reused. However, when you release all the allocation and
-the pool becomes empty, allocation starts from the beginning again. This way you
-can use linear algorithm to speed up creation of allocations that you are going
-to release all at once.
-
-![Free-at-once](../gfx/Linear_allocator_3_free_at_once.png)
-
-This mode is also available for pools created with VmaPoolCreateInfo::maxBlockCount
-value that allows multiple memory blocks.
-
-\subsection linear_algorithm_stack Stack
-
-When you free an allocation that was created last, its space can be reused.
-Thanks to this, if you always release allocations in the order opposite to their
-creation (LIFO - Last In First Out), you can achieve behavior of a stack.
-
-![Stack](../gfx/Linear_allocator_4_stack.png)
-
-This mode is also available for pools created with VmaPoolCreateInfo::maxBlockCount
-value that allows multiple memory blocks.
-
-\subsection linear_algorithm_double_stack Double stack
-
-The space reserved by a custom pool with linear algorithm may be used by two
-stacks:
-
-- First, default one, growing up from offset 0.
-- Second, "upper" one, growing down from the end towards lower offsets.
-
-To make allocation from the upper stack, add flag #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT
-to VmaAllocationCreateInfo::flags.
-
-![Double stack](../gfx/Linear_allocator_7_double_stack.png)
-
-Double stack is available only in pools with one memory block -
-VmaPoolCreateInfo::maxBlockCount must be 1. Otherwise behavior is undefined.
-
-When the two stacks' ends meet so there is not enough space between them for a
-new allocation, such allocation fails with usual
-`VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY` error.
-
-\subsection linear_algorithm_ring_buffer Ring buffer
-
-When you free some allocations from the beginning and there is not enough free space
-for a new one at the end of a pool, allocator's "cursor" wraps around to the
-beginning and starts allocation there. Thanks to this, if you always release
-allocations in the same order as you created them (FIFO - First In First Out),
-you can achieve behavior of a ring buffer / queue.
-
-![Ring buffer](../gfx/Linear_allocator_5_ring_buffer.png)
-
-Ring buffer is available only in pools with one memory block -
-VmaPoolCreateInfo::maxBlockCount must be 1. Otherwise behavior is undefined.
-
-\section buddy_algorithm Buddy allocation algorithm
-
-There is another allocation algorithm that can be used with custom pools, called
-"buddy". Its internal data structure is based on a binary tree of blocks, each having
-size that is a power of two and a half of its parent's size. When you want to
-allocate memory of certain size, a free node in the tree is located. If it is too
-large, it is recursively split into two halves (called "buddies"). However, if
-requested allocation size is not a power of two, the size of the allocation is
-aligned up to the nearest power of two and the remaining space is wasted. When
-two buddy nodes become free, they are merged back into one larger node.
-
-![Buddy allocator](../gfx/Buddy_allocator.png)
-
-The advantage of buddy allocation algorithm over default algorithm is faster
-allocation and deallocation, as well as smaller external fragmentation. The
-disadvantage is more wasted space (internal fragmentation).
-For more information, please search the Internet for "Buddy memory allocation" -
-sources that describe this concept in general.
-
-To use buddy allocation algorithm with a custom pool, add flag
-#VMA_POOL_CREATE_BUDDY_ALGORITHM_BIT to VmaPoolCreateInfo::flags while creating
-#VmaPool object.
-
-Several limitations apply to pools that use buddy algorithm:
-
-- It is recommended to use VmaPoolCreateInfo::blockSize that is a power of two.
-  Otherwise, only largest power of two smaller than the size is used for
-  allocations. The remaining space always stays unused.
-- [Margins](@ref debugging_memory_usage_margins) and
-  [corruption detection](@ref debugging_memory_usage_corruption_detection)
-  don't work in such pools.
-- [Defragmentation](@ref defragmentation) doesn't work with allocations made from
-  such pool.
-
-\page defragmentation Defragmentation
-
-Interleaved allocations and deallocations of many objects of varying size can
-cause fragmentation over time, which can lead to a situation where the library is unable
-to find a continuous range of free memory for a new allocation despite there is
-enough free space, just scattered across many small free ranges between existing
-allocations.
-
-To mitigate this problem, you can use defragmentation feature:
-structure #VmaDefragmentationInfo2, function vmaDefragmentationBegin(), vmaDefragmentationEnd().
-Given set of allocations,
-this function can move them to compact used memory, ensure more continuous free
-space and possibly also free some `VkDeviceMemory` blocks.
-
-What the defragmentation does is:
-
-- Updates #VmaAllocation objects to point to new `VkDeviceMemory` and offset.
-  After allocation has been moved, its VmaAllocationInfo::deviceMemory and/or
-  VmaAllocationInfo::offset changes. You must query them again using
-  vmaGetAllocationInfo() if you need them.
-- Moves actual data in memory.
-
-What it doesn't do, so you need to do it yourself:
-
-- Recreate buffers and images that were bound to allocations that were defragmented and
-  bind them with their new places in memory.
-  You must use `vkDestroyBuffer()`, `vkDestroyImage()`,
-  `vkCreateBuffer()`, `vkCreateImage()`, vmaBindBufferMemory(), vmaBindImageMemory()
-  for that purpose and NOT vmaDestroyBuffer(),
-  vmaDestroyImage(), vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage(), because you don't need to
-  destroy or create allocation objects!
-- Recreate views and update descriptors that point to these buffers and images.
-
-\section defragmentation_cpu Defragmenting CPU memory
-
-Following example demonstrates how you can run defragmentation on CPU.
-Only allocations created in memory types that are `HOST_VISIBLE` can be defragmented.
-Others are ignored.
-
-The way it works is:
-
-- It temporarily maps entire memory blocks when necessary.
-- It moves data using `memmove()` function.
-
-\code
-// Given following variables already initialized:
-VkDevice device;
-VmaAllocator allocator;
-std::vector<VkBuffer> buffers;
-std::vector<VmaAllocation> allocations;
-
-
-const uint32_t allocCount = (uint32_t)allocations.size();
-std::vector<VkBool32> allocationsChanged(allocCount);
-
-VmaDefragmentationInfo2 defragInfo = {};
-defragInfo.allocationCount = allocCount;
-defragInfo.pAllocations = allocations.data();
-defragInfo.pAllocationsChanged = allocationsChanged.data();
-defragInfo.maxCpuBytesToMove = VK_WHOLE_SIZE; // No limit.
-defragInfo.maxCpuAllocationsToMove = UINT32_MAX; // No limit.
-
-VmaDefragmentationContext defragCtx;
-vmaDefragmentationBegin(allocator, &defragInfo, nullptr, &defragCtx);
-vmaDefragmentationEnd(allocator, defragCtx);
-
-for(uint32_t i = 0; i < allocCount; ++i)
-{
-    if(allocationsChanged[i])
-    {
-        // Destroy buffer that is immutably bound to memory region which is no longer valid.
-        vkDestroyBuffer(device, buffers[i], nullptr);
-
-        // Create new buffer with same parameters.
-        VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = ...;
-        vkCreateBuffer(device, &bufferInfo, nullptr, &buffers[i]);
-
-        // You can make dummy call to vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements here to silence validation layer warning.
-
-        // Bind new buffer to new memory region. Data contained in it is already moved.
-        VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;
-        vmaGetAllocationInfo(allocator, allocations[i], &allocInfo);
-        vmaBindBufferMemory(allocator, allocations[i], buffers[i]);
-    }
-}
-\endcode
-
-Setting VmaDefragmentationInfo2::pAllocationsChanged is optional.
-This output array tells whether particular allocation in VmaDefragmentationInfo2::pAllocations at the same index
-has been modified during defragmentation.
-You can pass null, but you then need to query every allocation passed to defragmentation
-for new parameters using vmaGetAllocationInfo() if you might need to recreate and rebind a buffer or image associated with it.
-
-If you use [Custom memory pools](@ref choosing_memory_type_custom_memory_pools),
-you can fill VmaDefragmentationInfo2::poolCount and VmaDefragmentationInfo2::pPools
-instead of VmaDefragmentationInfo2::allocationCount and VmaDefragmentationInfo2::pAllocations
-to defragment all allocations in given pools.
-You cannot use VmaDefragmentationInfo2::pAllocationsChanged in that case.
-You can also combine both methods.
-
-\section defragmentation_gpu Defragmenting GPU memory
-
-It is also possible to defragment allocations created in memory types that are not `HOST_VISIBLE`.
-To do that, you need to pass a command buffer that meets requirements as described in
-VmaDefragmentationInfo2::commandBuffer. The way it works is:
-
-- It creates temporary buffers and binds them to entire memory blocks when necessary.
-- It issues `vkCmdCopyBuffer()` to passed command buffer.
-
-Example:
-
-\code
-// Given following variables already initialized:
-VkDevice device;
-VmaAllocator allocator;
-VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer;
-std::vector<VkBuffer> buffers;
-std::vector<VmaAllocation> allocations;
-
-
-const uint32_t allocCount = (uint32_t)allocations.size();
-std::vector<VkBool32> allocationsChanged(allocCount);
-
-VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufBeginInfo = ...;
-vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &cmdBufBeginInfo);
-
-VmaDefragmentationInfo2 defragInfo = {};
-defragInfo.allocationCount = allocCount;
-defragInfo.pAllocations = allocations.data();
-defragInfo.pAllocationsChanged = allocationsChanged.data();
-defragInfo.maxGpuBytesToMove = VK_WHOLE_SIZE; // Notice it is "GPU" this time.
-defragInfo.maxGpuAllocationsToMove = UINT32_MAX; // Notice it is "GPU" this time.
-defragInfo.commandBuffer = commandBuffer;
-
-VmaDefragmentationContext defragCtx;
-vmaDefragmentationBegin(allocator, &defragInfo, nullptr, &defragCtx);
-
-vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer);
-
-// Submit commandBuffer.
-// Wait for a fence that ensures commandBuffer execution finished.
-
-vmaDefragmentationEnd(allocator, defragCtx);
-
-for(uint32_t i = 0; i < allocCount; ++i)
-{
-    if(allocationsChanged[i])
-    {
-        // Destroy buffer that is immutably bound to memory region which is no longer valid.
-        vkDestroyBuffer(device, buffers[i], nullptr);
-
-        // Create new buffer with same parameters.
-        VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = ...;
-        vkCreateBuffer(device, &bufferInfo, nullptr, &buffers[i]);
-
-        // You can make dummy call to vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements here to silence validation layer warning.
-
-        // Bind new buffer to new memory region. Data contained in it is already moved.
-        VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;
-        vmaGetAllocationInfo(allocator, allocations[i], &allocInfo);
-        vmaBindBufferMemory(allocator, allocations[i], buffers[i]);
-    }
-}
-\endcode
-
-You can combine these two methods by specifying non-zero `maxGpu*` as well as `maxCpu*` parameters.
-The library automatically chooses best method to defragment each memory pool.
-
-You may try not to block your entire program to wait until defragmentation finishes,
-but do it in the background, as long as you carefully fullfill requirements described
-in function vmaDefragmentationBegin().
-
-\section defragmentation_additional_notes Additional notes
-
-It is only legal to defragment allocations bound to:
-
-- buffers
-- images created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_ALIAS_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`, and
-  being currently in `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`.
-
-Defragmentation of images created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL` or in any other
-layout may give undefined results.
-
-If you defragment allocations bound to images, new images to be bound to new
-memory region after defragmentation should be created with `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`
-and then transitioned to their original layout from before defragmentation if
-needed using an image memory barrier.
-
-While using defragmentation, you may experience validation layer warnings, which you just need to ignore.
-See [Validation layer warnings](@ref general_considerations_validation_layer_warnings).
-
-Please don't expect memory to be fully compacted after defragmentation.
-Algorithms inside are based on some heuristics that try to maximize number of Vulkan
-memory blocks to make totally empty to release them, as well as to maximize continuous
-empty space inside remaining blocks, while minimizing the number and size of allocations that
-need to be moved. Some fragmentation may still remain - this is normal.
-
-\section defragmentation_custom_algorithm Writing custom defragmentation algorithm
-
-If you want to implement your own, custom defragmentation algorithm,
-there is infrastructure prepared for that,
-but it is not exposed through the library API - you need to hack its source code.
-Here are steps needed to do this:
-
--# Main thing you need to do is to define your own class derived from base abstract
-   class `VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm` and implement your version of its pure virtual methods.
-   See definition and comments of this class for details.
--# Your code needs to interact with device memory block metadata.
-   If you need more access to its data than it is provided by its public interface,
-   declare your new class as a friend class e.g. in class `VmaBlockMetadata_Generic`.
--# If you want to create a flag that would enable your algorithm or pass some additional
-   flags to configure it, add them to `VmaDefragmentationFlagBits` and use them in
-   VmaDefragmentationInfo2::flags.
--# Modify function `VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext::Begin` to create object
-   of your new class whenever needed.
-
-
-\page statistics Statistics
-
-This library contains functions that return information about its internal state,
-especially the amount of memory allocated from Vulkan.
-Please keep in mind that these functions need to traverse all internal data structures
-to gather these information, so they may be quite time-consuming.
-Don't call them too often.
-
-\section statistics_numeric_statistics Numeric statistics
-
-You can query for overall statistics of the allocator using function vmaCalculateStats().
-Information are returned using structure #VmaStats.
-It contains #VmaStatInfo - number of allocated blocks, number of allocations
-(occupied ranges in these blocks), number of unused (free) ranges in these blocks,
-number of bytes used and unused (but still allocated from Vulkan) and other information.
-They are summed across memory heaps, memory types and total for whole allocator.
-
-You can query for statistics of a custom pool using function vmaGetPoolStats().
-Information are returned using structure #VmaPoolStats.
-
-You can query for information about specific allocation using function vmaGetAllocationInfo().
-It fill structure #VmaAllocationInfo.
-
-\section statistics_json_dump JSON dump
-
-You can dump internal state of the allocator to a string in JSON format using function vmaBuildStatsString().
-The result is guaranteed to be correct JSON.
-It uses ANSI encoding.
-Any strings provided by user (see [Allocation names](@ref allocation_names))
-are copied as-is and properly escaped for JSON, so if they use UTF-8, ISO-8859-2 or any other encoding,
-this JSON string can be treated as using this encoding.
-It must be freed using function vmaFreeStatsString().
-
-The format of this JSON string is not part of official documentation of the library,
-but it will not change in backward-incompatible way without increasing library major version number
-and appropriate mention in changelog.
-
-The JSON string contains all the data that can be obtained using vmaCalculateStats().
-It can also contain detailed map of allocated memory blocks and their regions -
-free and occupied by allocations.
-This allows e.g. to visualize the memory or assess fragmentation.
-
-
-\page allocation_annotation Allocation names and user data
-
-\section allocation_user_data Allocation user data
-
-You can annotate allocations with your own information, e.g. for debugging purposes.
-To do that, fill VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pUserData field when creating
-an allocation. It is an opaque `void*` pointer. You can use it e.g. as a pointer,
-some handle, index, key, ordinal number or any other value that would associate
-the allocation with your custom metadata.
-
-\code
-VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
-// Fill bufferInfo...
-
-MyBufferMetadata* pMetadata = CreateBufferMetadata();
-
-VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
-allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;
-allocCreateInfo.pUserData = pMetadata;
-
-VkBuffer buffer;
-VmaAllocation allocation;
-vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufferInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &buffer, &allocation, nullptr);
-\endcode
-
-The pointer may be later retrieved as VmaAllocationInfo::pUserData:
-
-\code
-VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;
-vmaGetAllocationInfo(allocator, allocation, &allocInfo);
-MyBufferMetadata* pMetadata = (MyBufferMetadata*)allocInfo.pUserData;
-\endcode
-
-It can also be changed using function vmaSetAllocationUserData().
-
-Values of (non-zero) allocations' `pUserData` are printed in JSON report created by
-vmaBuildStatsString(), in hexadecimal form.
-
-\section allocation_names Allocation names
-
-There is alternative mode available where `pUserData` pointer is used to point to
-a null-terminated string, giving a name to the allocation. To use this mode,
-set #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT flag in VmaAllocationCreateInfo::flags.
-Then `pUserData` passed as VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pUserData or argument to
-vmaSetAllocationUserData() must be either null or pointer to a null-terminated string.
-The library creates internal copy of the string, so the pointer you pass doesn't need
-to be valid for whole lifetime of the allocation. You can free it after the call.
-
-\code
-VkImageCreateInfo imageInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO };
-// Fill imageInfo...
-
-std::string imageName = "Texture: ";
-imageName += fileName;
-
-VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
-allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;
-allocCreateInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT;
-allocCreateInfo.pUserData = imageName.c_str();
-
-VkImage image;
-VmaAllocation allocation;
-vmaCreateImage(allocator, &imageInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &image, &allocation, nullptr);
-\endcode
-
-The value of `pUserData` pointer of the allocation will be different than the one
-you passed when setting allocation's name - pointing to a buffer managed
-internally that holds copy of the string.
-
-\code
-VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;
-vmaGetAllocationInfo(allocator, allocation, &allocInfo);
-const char* imageName = (const char*)allocInfo.pUserData;
-printf("Image name: %s\n", imageName);
-\endcode
-
-That string is also printed in JSON report created by vmaBuildStatsString().
-
-\note Passing string name to VMA allocation doesn't automatically set it to the Vulkan buffer or image created with it.
-You must do it manually using an extension like VK_EXT_debug_utils, which is independent of this library.
-
-
-\page virtual_allocator Virtual allocator
-
-As an extra feature, the core allocation algorithm of the library is exposed through a simple and convenient API of "virtual allocator".
-It doesn't allocate any real GPU memory. It just keeps track of used and free regions of a "virtual block".
-You can use it to allocate your own memory or other objects, even completely unrelated to Vulkan.
-A common use case is sub-allocation of pieces of one large GPU buffer.
-
-\section virtual_allocator_creating_virtual_block Creating virtual block
-
-To use this functionality, there is no main "allocator" object.
-You don't need to have #VmaAllocator object created.
-All you need to do is to create a separate #VmaVirtualBlock object for each block of memory you want to be managed by the allocator:
-
--# Fill in #VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo structure.
--# Call vmaCreateVirtualBlock(). Get new #VmaVirtualBlock object.
-
-Example:
-
-\code
-VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo blockCreateInfo = {};
-blockCreateInfo.size = 1048576; // 1 MB
-
-VmaVirtualBlock block;
-VkResult res = vmaCreateVirtualBlock(&blockCreateInfo, &block);
-\endcode
-
-\section virtual_allocator_making_virtual_allocations Making virtual allocations
-
-#VmaVirtualBlock object contains internal data structure that keeps track of free and occupied regions
-using the same code as the main Vulkan memory allocator.
-Similarly to #VmaAllocation for standard GPU allocations, there is #VmaVirtualAllocation type
-that represents an opaque handle to an allocation withing the virtual block.
-
-In order to make such allocation:
-
--# Fill in #VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo structure.
--# Call vmaVirtualAllocate(). Get new #VmaVirtualAllocation object that represents the allocation.
-   You can also receive `VkDeviceSize offset` that was assigned to the allocation.
-
-Example:
-
-\code
-VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
-allocCreateInfo.size = 4096; // 4 KB
-
-VmaVirtualAllocation alloc;
-VkDeviceSize offset;
-res = vmaVirtualAllocate(block, &allocCreateInfo, &alloc, &offset);
-if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
-{
-    // Use the 4 KB of your memory starting at offset.
-}
-else
-{
-    // Allocation failed - no space for it could be found. Handle this error!
-}
-\endcode
-
-\section virtual_allocator_deallocation Deallocation
-
-When no longer needed, an allocation can be freed by calling vmaVirtualFree().
-You can only pass to this function an allocation that was previously returned by vmaVirtualAllocate()
-called for the same #VmaVirtualBlock.
-
-When whole block is no longer needed, the block object can be released by calling vmaDestroyVirtualBlock().
-All allocations must be freed before the block is destroyed, which is checked internally by an assert.
-However, if you don't want to call vmaVirtualFree() for each allocation, you can use vmaClearVirtualBlock() to free them all at once -
-a feature not available in normal Vulkan memory allocator. Example:
-
-\code
-vmaVirtualFree(block, alloc);
-vmaDestroyVirtualBlock(block);
-\endcode
-
-\section virtual_allocator_allocation_parameters Allocation parameters
-
-You can attach a custom pointer to each allocation by using vmaSetVirtualAllocationUserData().
-Its default value is null.
-It can be used to store any data that needs to be associated with that allocation - e.g. an index, a handle, or a pointer to some
-larger data structure containing more information. Example:
-
-\code
-struct CustomAllocData
-{
-    std::string m_AllocName;
-};
-CustomAllocData* allocData = new CustomAllocData();
-allocData->m_AllocName = "My allocation 1";
-vmaSetVirtualAllocationUserData(block, alloc, allocData);
-\endcode
-
-The pointer can later be fetched, along with allocation offset and size, by passing the allocation handle to function
-vmaGetVirtualAllocationInfo() and inspecting returned structure #VmaVirtualAllocationInfo.
-If you allocated a new object to be used as the custom pointer, don't forget to delete that object before freeing the allocation!
-Example:
-
-\code
-VmaVirtualAllocationInfo allocInfo;
-vmaGetVirtualAllocationInfo(block, alloc, &allocInfo);
-delete (CustomAllocData*)allocInfo.pUserData;
-
-vmaVirtualFree(block, alloc);
-\endcode
-
-\section virtual_allocator_alignment_and_units Alignment and units
-
-It feels natural to express sizes and offsets in bytes.
-If an offset of an allocation needs to be aligned to a multiply of some number (e.g. 4 bytes), you can fill optional member
-VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo::alignment to request it. Example:
-
-\code
-VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
-allocCreateInfo.size = 4096; // 4 KB
-allocCreateInfo.alignment = 4; // Returned offset must be a multiply of 4 B
-
-VmaVirtualAllocation alloc;
-res = vmaVirtualAllocate(block, &allocCreateInfo, &alloc, nullptr);
-\endcode
-
-Alignments of different allocations made from one block may vary.
-However, if all alignments and sizes are always multiply of some size e.g. 4 B or `sizeof(MyDataStruct)`,
-you can express all sizes, alignments, and offsets in multiples of that size instead of individual bytes.
-It might be more convenient, but you need to make sure to use this new unit consistently in all the places:
-
-- VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo::size
-- VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo::size and VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo::alignment
-- Using offset returned by vmaVirtualAllocate() or in VmaVirtualAllocationInfo::offset
-
-\section virtual_allocator_statistics Statistics
-
-You can obtain statistics of a virtual block using vmaCalculateVirtualBlockStats().
-The function fills structure #VmaStatInfo - same as used by the normal Vulkan memory allocator.
-Example:
-
-\code
-VmaStatInfo statInfo;
-vmaCalculateVirtualBlockStats(block, &statInfo);
-printf("My virtual block has %llu bytes used by %u virtual allocations\n",
-    statInfo.usedBytes, statInfo.allocationCount);
-\endcode
-
-You can also request a full list of allocations and free regions as a string in JSON format by calling
-vmaBuildVirtualBlockStatsString().
-Returned string must be later freed using vmaFreeVirtualBlockStatsString().
-The format of this string differs from the one returned by the main Vulkan allocator, but it is similar.
-
-\section virtual_allocator_additional_considerations Additional considerations
-
-The "virtual allocator" functionality is implemented on a level of individual memory blocks.
-Keeping track of a whole collection of blocks, allocating new ones when out of free space,
-deleting empty ones, and deciding which one to try first for a new allocation must be implemented by the user.
-
-Alternative allocation algorithms are supported, just like in custom pools of the real GPU memory.
-See enum #VmaVirtualBlockCreateFlagBits to learn how to specify them (e.g. #VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT).
-You can find their description in chapter \ref custom_memory_pools.
-Allocation strategies are also supported.
-See enum #VmaVirtualAllocationCreateFlagBits to learn how to specify them (e.g. #VMA_VIRTUAL_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT).
-
-Following features are supported only by the allocator of the real GPU memory and not by virtual allocations:
-buffer-image granularity, `VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN`, `VMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT`.
-
-
-\page debugging_memory_usage Debugging incorrect memory usage
-
-If you suspect a bug with memory usage, like usage of uninitialized memory or
-memory being overwritten out of bounds of an allocation,
-you can use debug features of this library to verify this.
-
-\section debugging_memory_usage_initialization Memory initialization
-
-If you experience a bug with incorrect and nondeterministic data in your program and you suspect uninitialized memory to be used,
-you can enable automatic memory initialization to verify this.
-To do it, define macro `VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS` to 1.
-
-\code
-#define VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS 1
-#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"
-\endcode
-
-It makes memory of all new allocations initialized to bit pattern `0xDCDCDCDC`.
-Before an allocation is destroyed, its memory is filled with bit pattern `0xEFEFEFEF`.
-Memory is automatically mapped and unmapped if necessary.
-
-If you find these values while debugging your program, good chances are that you incorrectly
-read Vulkan memory that is allocated but not initialized, or already freed, respectively.
-
-Memory initialization works only with memory types that are `HOST_VISIBLE`.
-It works also with dedicated allocations.
-
-\section debugging_memory_usage_margins Margins
-
-By default, allocations are laid out in memory blocks next to each other if possible
-(considering required alignment, `bufferImageGranularity`, and `nonCoherentAtomSize`).
-
-![Allocations without margin](../gfx/Margins_1.png)
-
-Define macro `VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN` to some non-zero value (e.g. 16) to enforce specified
-number of bytes as a margin after every allocation.
-
-\code
-#define VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN 16
-#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"
-\endcode
-
-![Allocations with margin](../gfx/Margins_2.png)
-
-If your bug goes away after enabling margins, it means it may be caused by memory
-being overwritten outside of allocation boundaries. It is not 100% certain though.
-Change in application behavior may also be caused by different order and distribution
-of allocations across memory blocks after margins are applied.
-
-Margins work with all types of memory.
-
-Margin is applied only to allocations made out of memory blocks and not to dedicated
-allocations, which have their own memory block of specific size.
-It is thus not applied to allocations made using #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT flag
-or those automatically decided to put into dedicated allocations, e.g. due to its
-large size or recommended by VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation extension.
-Margins are also not active in custom pools created with #VMA_POOL_CREATE_BUDDY_ALGORITHM_BIT flag.
-
-Margins appear in [JSON dump](@ref statistics_json_dump) as part of free space.
-
-Note that enabling margins increases memory usage and fragmentation.
-
-Margins do not apply to \ref virtual_allocator.
-
-\section debugging_memory_usage_corruption_detection Corruption detection
-
-You can additionally define macro `VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION` to 1 to enable validation
-of contents of the margins.
-
-\code
-#define VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN 16
-#define VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION 1
-#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"
-\endcode
-
-When this feature is enabled, number of bytes specified as `VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN`
-(it must be multiply of 4) after every allocation is filled with a magic number.
-This idea is also know as "canary".
-Memory is automatically mapped and unmapped if necessary.
-
-This number is validated automatically when the allocation is destroyed.
-If it is not equal to the expected value, `VMA_ASSERT()` is executed.
-It clearly means that either CPU or GPU overwritten the memory outside of boundaries of the allocation,
-which indicates a serious bug.
-
-You can also explicitly request checking margins of all allocations in all memory blocks
-that belong to specified memory types by using function vmaCheckCorruption(),
-or in memory blocks that belong to specified custom pool, by using function
-vmaCheckPoolCorruption().
-
-Margin validation (corruption detection) works only for memory types that are
-`HOST_VISIBLE` and `HOST_COHERENT`.
-
-
-\page opengl_interop OpenGL Interop
-
-VMA provides some features that help with interoperability with OpenGL.
-
-\section opengl_interop_exporting_memory Exporting memory
-
-If you want to attach `VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR` structure to `pNext` chain of memory allocations made by the library:
-
-It is recommended to create \ref custom_memory_pools for such allocations.
-Define and fill in your `VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR` structure and attach it to VmaPoolCreateInfo::pMemoryAllocateNext
-while creating the custom pool.
-Please note that the structure must remain alive and unchanged for the whole lifetime of the #VmaPool,
-not only while creating it, as no copy of the structure is made,
-but its original pointer is used for each allocation instead.
-
-If you want to export all memory allocated by the library from certain memory types,
-also dedicated allocations or other allocations made from default pools,
-an alternative solution is to fill in VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pTypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes.
-It should point to an array with `VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagsKHR` to be automatically passed by the library
-through `VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR` on each allocation made from a specific memory type.
-Please note that new versions of the library also support dedicated allocations created in custom pools.
-
-You should not mix these two methods in a way that allows to apply both to the same memory type.
-Otherwise, `VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR` structure would be attached twice to the `pNext` chain of `VkMemoryAllocateInfo`.
-
-
-\section opengl_interop_custom_alignment Custom alignment
-
-Buffers or images exported to a different API like OpenGL may require a different alignment,
-higher than the one used by the library automatically, queried from functions like `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements`.
-To impose such alignment:
-
-It is recommended to create \ref custom_memory_pools for such allocations.
-Set VmaPoolCreateInfo::minAllocationAlignment member to the minimum alignment required for each allocation
-to be made out of this pool.
-The alignment actually used will be the maximum of this member and the alignment returned for the specific buffer or image
-from a function like `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements`, which is called by VMA automatically.
-
-If you want to create a buffer with a specific minimum alignment out of default pools,
-use special function vmaCreateBufferWithAlignment(), which takes additional parameter `minAlignment`.
-
-Note the problem of alignment affects only resources placed inside bigger `VkDeviceMemory` blocks and not dedicated
-allocations, as these, by definition, always have alignment = 0 because the resource is bound to the beginning of its dedicated block.
-Contrary to Direct3D 12, Vulkan doesn't have a concept of alignment of the entire memory block passed on its allocation.
-
-
-\page usage_patterns Recommended usage patterns
-
-See also slides from talk:
-[Sawicki, Adam. Advanced Graphics Techniques Tutorial: Memory management in Vulkan and DX12. Game Developers Conference, 2018](https://www.gdcvault.com/play/1025458/Advanced-Graphics-Techniques-Tutorial-New)
-
-
-\section usage_patterns_common_mistakes Common mistakes
-
-<b>Use of CPU_TO_GPU instead of CPU_ONLY memory</b>
-
-#VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU is recommended only for resources that will be
-mapped and written by the CPU, as well as read directly by the GPU - like some
-buffers or textures updated every frame (dynamic). If you create a staging copy
-of a resource to be written by CPU and then used as a source of transfer to
-another resource placed in the GPU memory, that staging resource should be
-created with #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY. Please read the descriptions of these
-enums carefully for details.
-
-<b>Unnecessary use of custom pools</b>
-
-\ref custom_memory_pools may be useful for special purposes - when you want to
-keep certain type of resources separate e.g. to reserve minimum amount of memory
-for them or limit maximum amount of memory they can occupy. For most
-resources this is not needed and so it is not recommended to create #VmaPool
-objects and allocations out of them. Allocating from the default pool is sufficient.
-
-\section usage_patterns_simple Simple patterns
-
-\subsection usage_patterns_simple_render_targets Render targets
-
-<b>When:</b>
-Any resources that you frequently write and read on GPU,
-e.g. images used as color attachments (aka "render targets"), depth-stencil attachments,
-images/buffers used as storage image/buffer (aka "Unordered Access View (UAV)").
-
-<b>What to do:</b>
-Create them in video memory that is fastest to access from GPU using
-#VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY.
-
-Consider using [VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation](@ref vk_khr_dedicated_allocation) extension
-and/or manually creating them as dedicated allocations using #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT,
-especially if they are large or if you plan to destroy and recreate them e.g. when
-display resolution changes.
-Prefer to create such resources first and all other GPU resources (like textures and vertex buffers) later.
-
-\subsection usage_patterns_simple_immutable_resources Immutable resources
-
-<b>When:</b>
-Any resources that you fill on CPU only once (aka "immutable") or infrequently
-and then read frequently on GPU,
-e.g. textures, vertex and index buffers, constant buffers that don't change often.
-
-<b>What to do:</b>
-Create them in video memory that is fastest to access from GPU using
-#VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY.
-
-To initialize content of such resource, create a CPU-side (aka "staging") copy of it
-in system memory - #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY, map it, fill it,
-and submit a transfer from it to the GPU resource.
-You can keep the staging copy if you need it for another upload transfer in the future.
-If you don't, you can destroy it or reuse this buffer for uploading different resource
-after the transfer finishes.
-
-Prefer to create just buffers in system memory rather than images, even for uploading textures.
-Use `vkCmdCopyBufferToImage()`.
-Dont use images with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`.
-
-\subsection usage_patterns_dynamic_resources Dynamic resources
-
-<b>When:</b>
-Any resources that change frequently (aka "dynamic"), e.g. every frame or every draw call,
-written on CPU, read on GPU.
-
-<b>What to do:</b>
-Create them using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU.
-You can map it and write to it directly on CPU, as well as read from it on GPU.
-
-This is a more complex situation. Different solutions are possible,
-and the best one depends on specific GPU type, but you can use this simple approach for the start.
-Prefer to write to such resource sequentially (e.g. using `memcpy`).
-Don't perform random access or any reads from it on CPU, as it may be very slow.
-Also note that textures written directly from the host through a mapped pointer need to be in LINEAR not OPTIMAL layout.
-
-\subsection usage_patterns_readback Readback
-
-<b>When:</b>
-Resources that contain data written by GPU that you want to read back on CPU,
-e.g. results of some computations.
-
-<b>What to do:</b>
-Create them using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_TO_CPU.
-You can write to them directly on GPU, as well as map and read them on CPU.
-
-\section usage_patterns_advanced Advanced patterns
-
-\subsection usage_patterns_integrated_graphics Detecting integrated graphics
-
-You can support integrated graphics (like Intel HD Graphics, AMD APU) better
-by detecting it in Vulkan.
-To do it, call `vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties()`, inspect
-`VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::deviceType` and look for `VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_INTEGRATED_GPU`.
-When you find it, you can assume that memory is unified and all memory types are comparably fast
-to access from GPU, regardless of `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT`.
-
-You can then sum up sizes of all available memory heaps and treat them as useful for
-your GPU resources, instead of only `DEVICE_LOCAL` ones.
-You can also prefer to create your resources in memory types that are `HOST_VISIBLE` to map them
-directly instead of submitting explicit transfer (see below).
-
-\subsection usage_patterns_direct_vs_transfer Direct access versus transfer
-
-For resources that you frequently write on CPU and read on GPU, many solutions are possible:
-
--# Create one copy in video memory using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY,
-   second copy in system memory using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY and submit explicit transfer each time.
--# Create just a single copy using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU, map it and fill it on CPU,
-   read it directly on GPU.
--# Create just a single copy using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY, map it and fill it on CPU,
-   read it directly on GPU.
-
-Which solution is the most efficient depends on your resource and especially on the GPU.
-It is best to measure it and then make the decision.
-Some general recommendations:
-
-- On integrated graphics use (2) or (3) to avoid unnecessary time and memory overhead
-  related to using a second copy and making transfer.
-- For small resources (e.g. constant buffers) use (2).
-  Discrete AMD cards have special 256 MiB pool of video memory that is directly mappable.
-  Even if the resource ends up in system memory, its data may be cached on GPU after first
-  fetch over PCIe bus.
-- For larger resources (e.g. textures), decide between (1) and (2).
-  You may want to differentiate NVIDIA and AMD, e.g. by looking for memory type that is
-  both `DEVICE_LOCAL` and `HOST_VISIBLE`. When you find it, use (2), otherwise use (1).
-
-Similarly, for resources that you frequently write on GPU and read on CPU, multiple
-solutions are possible:
-
--# Create one copy in video memory using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY,
-   second copy in system memory using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_TO_CPU and submit explicit tranfer each time.
--# Create just single copy using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_TO_CPU, write to it directly on GPU,
-   map it and read it on CPU.
-
-You should take some measurements to decide which option is faster in case of your specific
-resource.
-
-Note that textures accessed directly from the host through a mapped pointer need to be in LINEAR layout,
-which may slow down their usage on the device.
-Textures accessed only by the device and transfer operations can use OPTIMAL layout.
-
-If you don't want to specialize your code for specific types of GPUs, you can still make
-an simple optimization for cases when your resource ends up in mappable memory to use it
-directly in this case instead of creating CPU-side staging copy.
-For details see [Finding out if memory is mappable](@ref memory_mapping_finding_if_memory_mappable).
-
-
-\page configuration Configuration
-
-Please check "CONFIGURATION SECTION" in the code to find macros that you can define
-before each include of this file or change directly in this file to provide
-your own implementation of basic facilities like assert, `min()` and `max()` functions,
-mutex, atomic etc.
-The library uses its own implementation of containers by default, but you can switch to using
-STL containers instead.
-
-For example, define `VMA_ASSERT(expr)` before including the library to provide
-custom implementation of the assertion, compatible with your project.
-By default it is defined to standard C `assert(expr)` in `_DEBUG` configuration
-and empty otherwise.
-
-\section config_Vulkan_functions Pointers to Vulkan functions
-
-There are multiple ways to import pointers to Vulkan functions in the library.
-In the simplest case you don't need to do anything.
-If the compilation or linking of your program or the initialization of the #VmaAllocator
-doesn't work for you, you can try to reconfigure it.
-
-First, the allocator tries to fetch pointers to Vulkan functions linked statically,
-like this:
-
-\code
-m_VulkanFunctions.vkAllocateMemory = (PFN_vkAllocateMemory)vkAllocateMemory;
-\endcode
-
-If you want to disable this feature, set configuration macro: `#define VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 0`.
-
-Second, you can provide the pointers yourself by setting member VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pVulkanFunctions.
-You can fetch them e.g. using functions `vkGetInstanceProcAddr` and `vkGetDeviceProcAddr` or
-by using a helper library like [volk](https://github.com/zeux/volk).
-
-Third, VMA tries to fetch remaining pointers that are still null by calling
-`vkGetInstanceProcAddr` and `vkGetDeviceProcAddr` on its own.
-If you want to disable this feature, set configuration macro: `#define VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 0`.
-
-Finally, all the function pointers required by the library (considering selected
-Vulkan version and enabled extensions) are checked with `VMA_ASSERT` if they are not null.
-
-
-\section custom_memory_allocator Custom host memory allocator
-
-If you use custom allocator for CPU memory rather than default operator `new`
-and `delete` from C++, you can make this library using your allocator as well
-by filling optional member VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pAllocationCallbacks. These
-functions will be passed to Vulkan, as well as used by the library itself to
-make any CPU-side allocations.
-
-\section allocation_callbacks Device memory allocation callbacks
-
-The library makes calls to `vkAllocateMemory()` and `vkFreeMemory()` internally.
-You can setup callbacks to be informed about these calls, e.g. for the purpose
-of gathering some statistics. To do it, fill optional member
-VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pDeviceMemoryCallbacks.
-
-\section heap_memory_limit Device heap memory limit
-
-When device memory of certain heap runs out of free space, new allocations may
-fail (returning error code) or they may succeed, silently pushing some existing
-memory blocks from GPU VRAM to system RAM (which degrades performance). This
-behavior is implementation-dependent - it depends on GPU vendor and graphics
-driver.
-
-On AMD cards it can be controlled while creating Vulkan device object by using
-VK_AMD_memory_overallocation_behavior extension, if available.
-
-Alternatively, if you want to test how your program behaves with limited amount of Vulkan device
-memory available without switching your graphics card to one that really has
-smaller VRAM, you can use a feature of this library intended for this purpose.
-To do it, fill optional member VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pHeapSizeLimit.
-
-
-
-\page vk_khr_dedicated_allocation VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation
-
-VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation is a Vulkan extension which can be used to improve
-performance on some GPUs. It augments Vulkan API with possibility to query
-driver whether it prefers particular buffer or image to have its own, dedicated
-allocation (separate `VkDeviceMemory` block) for better efficiency - to be able
-to do some internal optimizations.
-
-The extension is supported by this library. It will be used automatically when
-enabled. To enable it:
-
-1 . When creating Vulkan device, check if following 2 device extensions are
-supported (call `vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties()`).
-If yes, enable them (fill `VkDeviceCreateInfo::ppEnabledExtensionNames`).
-
-- VK_KHR_get_memory_requirements2
-- VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation
-
-If you enabled these extensions:
-
-2 . Use #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT flag when creating
-your #VmaAllocator`to inform the library that you enabled required extensions
-and you want the library to use them.
-
-\code
-allocatorInfo.flags |= VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT;
-
-vmaCreateAllocator(&allocatorInfo, &allocator);
-\endcode
-
-That is all. The extension will be automatically used whenever you create a
-buffer using vmaCreateBuffer() or image using vmaCreateImage().
-
-When using the extension together with Vulkan Validation Layer, you will receive
-warnings like this:
-
-    vkBindBufferMemory(): Binding memory to buffer 0x33 but vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements() has not been called on that buffer.
-
-It is OK, you should just ignore it. It happens because you use function
-`vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR()` instead of standard
-`vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements()`, while the validation layer seems to be
-unaware of it.
-
-To learn more about this extension, see:
-
-- [VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation in Vulkan specification](https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.2-extensions/html/chap50.html#VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation)
-- [VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation unofficial manual](http://asawicki.info/articles/VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation.php5)
-
-
-
-\page vk_amd_device_coherent_memory VK_AMD_device_coherent_memory
-
-VK_AMD_device_coherent_memory is a device extension that enables access to
-additional memory types with `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_COHERENT_BIT_AMD` and
-`VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_UNCACHED_BIT_AMD` flag. It is useful mostly for
-allocation of buffers intended for writing "breadcrumb markers" in between passes
-or draw calls, which in turn are useful for debugging GPU crash/hang/TDR cases.
-
-When the extension is available but has not been enabled, Vulkan physical device
-still exposes those memory types, but their usage is forbidden. VMA automatically
-takes care of that - it returns `VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT` when an attempt
-to allocate memory of such type is made.
-
-If you want to use this extension in connection with VMA, follow these steps:
-
-\section vk_amd_device_coherent_memory_initialization Initialization
-
-1) Call `vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties` for the physical device.
-Check if the extension is supported - if returned array of `VkExtensionProperties` contains "VK_AMD_device_coherent_memory".
-
-2) Call `vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2` for the physical device instead of old `vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures`.
-Attach additional structure `VkPhysicalDeviceCoherentMemoryFeaturesAMD` to `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2::pNext` to be returned.
-Check if the device feature is really supported - check if `VkPhysicalDeviceCoherentMemoryFeaturesAMD::deviceCoherentMemory` is true.
-
-3) While creating device with `vkCreateDevice`, enable this extension - add "VK_AMD_device_coherent_memory"
-to the list passed as `VkDeviceCreateInfo::ppEnabledExtensionNames`.
-
-4) While creating the device, also don't set `VkDeviceCreateInfo::pEnabledFeatures`.
-Fill in `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2` structure instead and pass it as `VkDeviceCreateInfo::pNext`.
-Enable this device feature - attach additional structure `VkPhysicalDeviceCoherentMemoryFeaturesAMD` to
-`VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2::pNext` and set its member `deviceCoherentMemory` to `VK_TRUE`.
-
-5) While creating #VmaAllocator with vmaCreateAllocator() inform VMA that you
-have enabled this extension and feature - add #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_AMD_DEVICE_COHERENT_MEMORY_BIT
-to VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::flags.
-
-\section vk_amd_device_coherent_memory_usage Usage
-
-After following steps described above, you can create VMA allocations and custom pools
-out of the special `DEVICE_COHERENT` and `DEVICE_UNCACHED` memory types on eligible
-devices. There are multiple ways to do it, for example:
-
-- You can request or prefer to allocate out of such memory types by adding
-  `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_COHERENT_BIT_AMD` to VmaAllocationCreateInfo::requiredFlags
-  or VmaAllocationCreateInfo::preferredFlags. Those flags can be freely mixed with
-  other ways of \ref choosing_memory_type, like setting VmaAllocationCreateInfo::usage.
-- If you manually found memory type index to use for this purpose, force allocation
-  from this specific index by setting VmaAllocationCreateInfo::memoryTypeBits `= 1u << index`.
-
-\section vk_amd_device_coherent_memory_more_information More information
-
-To learn more about this extension, see [VK_AMD_device_coherent_memory in Vulkan specification](https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.2-extensions/man/html/VK_AMD_device_coherent_memory.html)
-
-Example use of this extension can be found in the code of the sample and test suite
-accompanying this library.
-
-
-\page enabling_buffer_device_address Enabling buffer device address
-
-Device extension VK_KHR_buffer_device_address
-allow to fetch raw GPU pointer to a buffer and pass it for usage in a shader code.
-It is promoted to core Vulkan 1.2.
-
-If you want to use this feature in connection with VMA, follow these steps:
-
-\section enabling_buffer_device_address_initialization Initialization
-
-1) (For Vulkan version < 1.2) Call `vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties` for the physical device.
-Check if the extension is supported - if returned array of `VkExtensionProperties` contains
-"VK_KHR_buffer_device_address".
-
-2) Call `vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2` for the physical device instead of old `vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures`.
-Attach additional structure `VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures*` to `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2::pNext` to be returned.
-Check if the device feature is really supported - check if `VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures::bufferDeviceAddress` is true.
-
-3) (For Vulkan version < 1.2) While creating device with `vkCreateDevice`, enable this extension - add
-"VK_KHR_buffer_device_address" to the list passed as `VkDeviceCreateInfo::ppEnabledExtensionNames`.
-
-4) While creating the device, also don't set `VkDeviceCreateInfo::pEnabledFeatures`.
-Fill in `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2` structure instead and pass it as `VkDeviceCreateInfo::pNext`.
-Enable this device feature - attach additional structure `VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures*` to
-`VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2::pNext` and set its member `bufferDeviceAddress` to `VK_TRUE`.
-
-5) While creating #VmaAllocator with vmaCreateAllocator() inform VMA that you
-have enabled this feature - add #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT
-to VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::flags.
-
-\section enabling_buffer_device_address_usage Usage
-
-After following steps described above, you can create buffers with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT*` using VMA.
-The library automatically adds `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT*` to
-allocated memory blocks wherever it might be needed.
-
-Please note that the library supports only `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT*`.
-The second part of this functionality related to "capture and replay" is not supported,
-as it is intended for usage in debugging tools like RenderDoc, not in everyday Vulkan usage.
-
-\section enabling_buffer_device_address_more_information More information
-
-To learn more about this extension, see [VK_KHR_buffer_device_address in Vulkan specification](https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.2-extensions/html/chap46.html#VK_KHR_buffer_device_address)
-
-Example use of this extension can be found in the code of the sample and test suite
-accompanying this library.
-
-\page general_considerations General considerations
-
-\section general_considerations_thread_safety Thread safety
-
-- The library has no global state, so separate #VmaAllocator objects can be used
-  independently.
-  There should be no need to create multiple such objects though - one per `VkDevice` is enough.
-- By default, all calls to functions that take #VmaAllocator as first parameter
-  are safe to call from multiple threads simultaneously because they are
-  synchronized internally when needed.
-  This includes allocation and deallocation from default memory pool, as well as custom #VmaPool.
-- When the allocator is created with #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT
-  flag, calls to functions that take such #VmaAllocator object must be
-  synchronized externally.
-- Access to a #VmaAllocation object must be externally synchronized. For example,
-  you must not call vmaGetAllocationInfo() and vmaMapMemory() from different
-  threads at the same time if you pass the same #VmaAllocation object to these
-  functions.
-- #VmaVirtualBlock is also not safe to be used from multiple threads simultaneously.
-
-\section general_considerations_validation_layer_warnings Validation layer warnings
-
-When using this library, you can meet following types of warnings issued by
-Vulkan validation layer. They don't necessarily indicate a bug, so you may need
-to just ignore them.
-
-- *vkBindBufferMemory(): Binding memory to buffer 0xeb8e4 but vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements() has not been called on that buffer.*
-  - It happens when VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation extension is enabled.
-    `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR` function is used instead, while validation layer seems to be unaware of it.
-- *Mapping an image with layout VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL can result in undefined behavior if this memory is used by the device. Only GENERAL or PREINITIALIZED should be used.*
-  - It happens when you map a buffer or image, because the library maps entire
-    `VkDeviceMemory` block, where different types of images and buffers may end
-    up together, especially on GPUs with unified memory like Intel.
-- *Non-linear image 0xebc91 is aliased with linear buffer 0xeb8e4 which may indicate a bug.*
-  - It may happen when you use [defragmentation](@ref defragmentation).
-
-\section general_considerations_allocation_algorithm Allocation algorithm
-
-The library uses following algorithm for allocation, in order:
-
--# Try to find free range of memory in existing blocks.
--# If failed, try to create a new block of `VkDeviceMemory`, with preferred block size.
--# If failed, try to create such block with size/2, size/4, size/8.
--# If failed, try to allocate separate `VkDeviceMemory` for this allocation,
-   just like when you use #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT.
--# If failed, choose other memory type that meets the requirements specified in
-   VmaAllocationCreateInfo and go to point 1.
--# If failed, return `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`.
-
-\section general_considerations_features_not_supported Features not supported
-
-Features deliberately excluded from the scope of this library:
-
-- **Data transfer.** Uploading (streaming) and downloading data of buffers and images
-  between CPU and GPU memory and related synchronization is responsibility of the user.
-  Defining some "texture" object that would automatically stream its data from a
-  staging copy in CPU memory to GPU memory would rather be a feature of another,
-  higher-level library implemented on top of VMA.
-- **Recreation of buffers and images.** Although the library has functions for
-  buffer and image creation (vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage()), you need to
-  recreate these objects yourself after defragmentation. That is because the big
-  structures `VkBufferCreateInfo`, `VkImageCreateInfo` are not stored in
-  #VmaAllocation object.
-- **Handling CPU memory allocation failures.** When dynamically creating small C++
-  objects in CPU memory (not Vulkan memory), allocation failures are not checked
-  and handled gracefully, because that would complicate code significantly and
-  is usually not needed in desktop PC applications anyway.
-  Success of an allocation is just checked with an assert.
-- **Code free of any compiler warnings.** Maintaining the library to compile and
-  work correctly on so many different platforms is hard enough. Being free of
-  any warnings, on any version of any compiler, is simply not feasible.
-  There are many preprocessor macros that make some variables unused, function parameters unreferenced,
-  or conditional expressions constant in some configurations.
-  The code of this library should not be bigger or more complicated just to silence these warnings.
-  It is recommended to disable such warnings instead.
-- This is a C++ library with C interface. **Bindings or ports to any other programming languages** are welcome as external projects but
-  are not going to be included into this repository.
+<b>Version 3.0.1-development (2022-03-28)</b>
+
+Copyright (c) 2017-2022 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. \n
+License: MIT
+
+<b>API documentation divided into groups:</b> [Modules](modules.html)
+
+\section main_table_of_contents Table of contents
+
+- <b>User guide</b>
+  - \subpage quick_start
+    - [Project setup](@ref quick_start_project_setup)
+    - [Initialization](@ref quick_start_initialization)
+    - [Resource allocation](@ref quick_start_resource_allocation)
+  - \subpage choosing_memory_type
+    - [Usage](@ref choosing_memory_type_usage)
+    - [Required and preferred flags](@ref choosing_memory_type_required_preferred_flags)
+    - [Explicit memory types](@ref choosing_memory_type_explicit_memory_types)
+    - [Custom memory pools](@ref choosing_memory_type_custom_memory_pools)
+    - [Dedicated allocations](@ref choosing_memory_type_dedicated_allocations)
+  - \subpage memory_mapping
+    - [Mapping functions](@ref memory_mapping_mapping_functions)
+    - [Persistently mapped memory](@ref memory_mapping_persistently_mapped_memory)
+    - [Cache flush and invalidate](@ref memory_mapping_cache_control)
+  - \subpage staying_within_budget
+    - [Querying for budget](@ref staying_within_budget_querying_for_budget)
+    - [Controlling memory usage](@ref staying_within_budget_controlling_memory_usage)
+  - \subpage resource_aliasing
+  - \subpage custom_memory_pools
+    - [Choosing memory type index](@ref custom_memory_pools_MemTypeIndex)
+    - [Linear allocation algorithm](@ref linear_algorithm)
+      - [Free-at-once](@ref linear_algorithm_free_at_once)
+      - [Stack](@ref linear_algorithm_stack)
+      - [Double stack](@ref linear_algorithm_double_stack)
+      - [Ring buffer](@ref linear_algorithm_ring_buffer)
+  - \subpage defragmentation
+  - \subpage statistics
+    - [Numeric statistics](@ref statistics_numeric_statistics)
+    - [JSON dump](@ref statistics_json_dump)
+  - \subpage allocation_annotation
+    - [Allocation user data](@ref allocation_user_data)
+    - [Allocation names](@ref allocation_names)
+  - \subpage virtual_allocator
+  - \subpage debugging_memory_usage
+    - [Memory initialization](@ref debugging_memory_usage_initialization)
+    - [Margins](@ref debugging_memory_usage_margins)
+    - [Corruption detection](@ref debugging_memory_usage_corruption_detection)
+  - \subpage opengl_interop
+- \subpage usage_patterns
+    - [GPU-only resource](@ref usage_patterns_gpu_only)
+    - [Staging copy for upload](@ref usage_patterns_staging_copy_upload)
+    - [Readback](@ref usage_patterns_readback)
+    - [Advanced data uploading](@ref usage_patterns_advanced_data_uploading)
+    - [Other use cases](@ref usage_patterns_other_use_cases)
+- \subpage configuration
+  - [Pointers to Vulkan functions](@ref config_Vulkan_functions)
+  - [Custom host memory allocator](@ref custom_memory_allocator)
+  - [Device memory allocation callbacks](@ref allocation_callbacks)
+  - [Device heap memory limit](@ref heap_memory_limit)
+- <b>Extension support</b>
+    - \subpage vk_khr_dedicated_allocation
+    - \subpage enabling_buffer_device_address
+    - \subpage vk_ext_memory_priority
+    - \subpage vk_amd_device_coherent_memory
+- \subpage general_considerations
+  - [Thread safety](@ref general_considerations_thread_safety)
+  - [Versioning and compatibility](@ref general_considerations_versioning_and_compatibility)
+  - [Validation layer warnings](@ref general_considerations_validation_layer_warnings)
+  - [Allocation algorithm](@ref general_considerations_allocation_algorithm)
+  - [Features not supported](@ref general_considerations_features_not_supported)
+
+\section main_see_also See also
+
+- [**Product page on GPUOpen**](https://gpuopen.com/gaming-product/vulkan-memory-allocator/)
+- [**Source repository on GitHub**](https://github.com/GPUOpen-LibrariesAndSDKs/VulkanMemoryAllocator)
+
+\defgroup group_init Library initialization
+
+\brief API elements related to the initialization and management of the entire library, especially #VmaAllocator object.
+
+\defgroup group_alloc Memory allocation
+
+\brief API elements related to the allocation, deallocation, and management of Vulkan memory, buffers, images.
+Most basic ones being: vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage().
+
+\defgroup group_virtual Virtual allocator
+
+\brief API elements related to the mechanism of \ref virtual_allocator - using the core allocation algorithm
+for user-defined purpose without allocating any real GPU memory.
+
+\defgroup group_stats Statistics
+
+\brief API elements that query current status of the allocator, from memory usage, budget, to full dump of the internal state in JSON format.
+See documentation chapter: \ref statistics.
+*/
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VULKAN_H_
+    #include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#endif
+
+// Define this macro to declare maximum supported Vulkan version in format AAABBBCCC,
+// where AAA = major, BBB = minor, CCC = patch.
+// If you want to use version > 1.0, it still needs to be enabled via VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::vulkanApiVersion.
+#if !defined(VMA_VULKAN_VERSION)
+    #if defined(VK_VERSION_1_3)
+        #define VMA_VULKAN_VERSION 1003000
+    #elif defined(VK_VERSION_1_2)
+        #define VMA_VULKAN_VERSION 1002000
+    #elif defined(VK_VERSION_1_1)
+        #define VMA_VULKAN_VERSION 1001000
+    #else
+        #define VMA_VULKAN_VERSION 1000000
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__ANDROID__) && defined(VK_NO_PROTOTYPES) && VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS
+    extern PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr vkGetInstanceProcAddr;
+    extern PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr vkGetDeviceProcAddr;
+    extern PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties;
+    extern PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties;
+    extern PFN_vkAllocateMemory vkAllocateMemory;
+    extern PFN_vkFreeMemory vkFreeMemory;
+    extern PFN_vkMapMemory vkMapMemory;
+    extern PFN_vkUnmapMemory vkUnmapMemory;
+    extern PFN_vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges;
+    extern PFN_vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges;
+    extern PFN_vkBindBufferMemory vkBindBufferMemory;
+    extern PFN_vkBindImageMemory vkBindImageMemory;
+    extern PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements;
+    extern PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements vkGetImageMemoryRequirements;
+    extern PFN_vkCreateBuffer vkCreateBuffer;
+    extern PFN_vkDestroyBuffer vkDestroyBuffer;
+    extern PFN_vkCreateImage vkCreateImage;
+    extern PFN_vkDestroyImage vkDestroyImage;
+    extern PFN_vkCmdCopyBuffer vkCmdCopyBuffer;
+    #if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+        extern PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2 vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2;
+        extern PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2;
+        extern PFN_vkBindBufferMemory2 vkBindBufferMemory2;
+        extern PFN_vkBindImageMemory2 vkBindImageMemory2;
+        extern PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2 vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2;
+    #endif // #if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+#endif // #if defined(__ANDROID__) && VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS && VK_NO_PROTOTYPES
+
+#if !defined(VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION)
+    #if VK_KHR_get_memory_requirements2 && VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation
+        #define VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION 1
+    #else
+        #define VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION 0
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(VMA_BIND_MEMORY2)
+    #if VK_KHR_bind_memory2
+        #define VMA_BIND_MEMORY2 1
+    #else
+        #define VMA_BIND_MEMORY2 0
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET)
+    #if VK_EXT_memory_budget && (VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2 || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000)
+        #define VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET 1
+    #else
+        #define VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET 0
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+// Defined to 1 when VK_KHR_buffer_device_address device extension or equivalent core Vulkan 1.2 feature is defined in its headers.
+#if !defined(VMA_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS)
+    #if VK_KHR_buffer_device_address || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1002000
+        #define VMA_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS 1
+    #else
+        #define VMA_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS 0
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+// Defined to 1 when VK_EXT_memory_priority device extension is defined in Vulkan headers.
+#if !defined(VMA_MEMORY_PRIORITY)
+    #if VK_EXT_memory_priority
+        #define VMA_MEMORY_PRIORITY 1
+    #else
+        #define VMA_MEMORY_PRIORITY 0
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+// Defined to 1 when VK_KHR_external_memory device extension is defined in Vulkan headers.
+#if !defined(VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY)
+    #if VK_KHR_external_memory
+        #define VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY 1
+    #else
+        #define VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY 0
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+// Define these macros to decorate all public functions with additional code,
+// before and after returned type, appropriately. This may be useful for
+// exporting the functions when compiling VMA as a separate library. Example:
+// #define VMA_CALL_PRE  __declspec(dllexport)
+// #define VMA_CALL_POST __cdecl
+#ifndef VMA_CALL_PRE
+    #define VMA_CALL_PRE
+#endif
+#ifndef VMA_CALL_POST
+    #define VMA_CALL_POST
+#endif
+
+// Define this macro to decorate pointers with an attribute specifying the
+// length of the array they point to if they are not null.
+//
+// The length may be one of
+// - The name of another parameter in the argument list where the pointer is declared
+// - The name of another member in the struct where the pointer is declared
+// - The name of a member of a struct type, meaning the value of that member in
+//   the context of the call. For example
+//   VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL("VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties::memoryHeapCount"),
+//   this means the number of memory heaps available in the device associated
+//   with the VmaAllocator being dealt with.
+#ifndef VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL
+    #define VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(len)
+#endif
+
+// The VMA_NULLABLE macro is defined to be _Nullable when compiling with Clang.
+// see: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/AttributeReference.html#nullable
+#ifndef VMA_NULLABLE
+    #ifdef __clang__
+        #define VMA_NULLABLE _Nullable
+    #else
+        #define VMA_NULLABLE
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+// The VMA_NOT_NULL macro is defined to be _Nonnull when compiling with Clang.
+// see: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/AttributeReference.html#nonnull
+#ifndef VMA_NOT_NULL
+    #ifdef __clang__
+        #define VMA_NOT_NULL _Nonnull
+    #else
+        #define VMA_NOT_NULL
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+// If non-dispatchable handles are represented as pointers then we can give
+// then nullability annotations
+#ifndef VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE
+    #if defined(__LP64__) || defined(_WIN64) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__ILP32__) ) || defined(_M_X64) || defined(__ia64) || defined (_M_IA64) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
+        #define VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE VMA_NOT_NULL
+    #else
+        #define VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE
+    #if defined(__LP64__) || defined(_WIN64) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__ILP32__) ) || defined(_M_X64) || defined(__ia64) || defined (_M_IA64) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
+        #define VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE VMA_NULLABLE
+    #else
+        #define VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+    #define VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED 1
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// 
+//    INTERFACE
+// 
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Sections for managing code placement in file, only for development purposes e.g. for convenient folding inside an IDE.
+#ifndef _VMA_ENUM_DECLARATIONS
+
+/**
+\addtogroup group_init
+@{
+*/
+
+/// Flags for created #VmaAllocator.
+typedef enum VmaAllocatorCreateFlagBits
+{
+    /** \brief Allocator and all objects created from it will not be synchronized internally, so you must guarantee they are used from only one thread at a time or synchronized externally by you.
+
+    Using this flag may increase performance because internal mutexes are not used.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT = 0x00000001,
+    /** \brief Enables usage of VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation extension.
+
+    The flag works only if VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::vulkanApiVersion `== VK_API_VERSION_1_0`.
+    When it is `VK_API_VERSION_1_1`, the flag is ignored because the extension has been promoted to Vulkan 1.1.
+
+    Using this extension will automatically allocate dedicated blocks of memory for
+    some buffers and images instead of suballocating place for them out of bigger
+    memory blocks (as if you explicitly used #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT
+    flag) when it is recommended by the driver. It may improve performance on some
+    GPUs.
+
+    You may set this flag only if you found out that following device extensions are
+    supported, you enabled them while creating Vulkan device passed as
+    VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::device, and you want them to be used internally by this
+    library:
+
+    - VK_KHR_get_memory_requirements2 (device extension)
+    - VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation (device extension)
+
+    When this flag is set, you can experience following warnings reported by Vulkan
+    validation layer. You can ignore them.
+
+    > vkBindBufferMemory(): Binding memory to buffer 0x2d but vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements() has not been called on that buffer.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT = 0x00000002,
+    /**
+    Enables usage of VK_KHR_bind_memory2 extension.
+
+    The flag works only if VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::vulkanApiVersion `== VK_API_VERSION_1_0`.
+    When it is `VK_API_VERSION_1_1`, the flag is ignored because the extension has been promoted to Vulkan 1.1.
+
+    You may set this flag only if you found out that this device extension is supported,
+    you enabled it while creating Vulkan device passed as VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::device,
+    and you want it to be used internally by this library.
+
+    The extension provides functions `vkBindBufferMemory2KHR` and `vkBindImageMemory2KHR`,
+    which allow to pass a chain of `pNext` structures while binding.
+    This flag is required if you use `pNext` parameter in vmaBindBufferMemory2() or vmaBindImageMemory2().
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_BIND_MEMORY2_BIT = 0x00000004,
+    /**
+    Enables usage of VK_EXT_memory_budget extension.
+
+    You may set this flag only if you found out that this device extension is supported,
+    you enabled it while creating Vulkan device passed as VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::device,
+    and you want it to be used internally by this library, along with another instance extension
+    VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2, which is required by it (or Vulkan 1.1, where this extension is promoted).
+
+    The extension provides query for current memory usage and budget, which will probably
+    be more accurate than an estimation used by the library otherwise.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_BUDGET_BIT = 0x00000008,
+    /**
+    Enables usage of VK_AMD_device_coherent_memory extension.
+
+    You may set this flag only if you:
+
+    - found out that this device extension is supported and enabled it while creating Vulkan device passed as VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::device,
+    - checked that `VkPhysicalDeviceCoherentMemoryFeaturesAMD::deviceCoherentMemory` is true and set it while creating the Vulkan device,
+    - want it to be used internally by this library.
+
+    The extension and accompanying device feature provide access to memory types with
+    `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_COHERENT_BIT_AMD` and `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_UNCACHED_BIT_AMD` flags.
+    They are useful mostly for writing breadcrumb markers - a common method for debugging GPU crash/hang/TDR.
+
+    When the extension is not enabled, such memory types are still enumerated, but their usage is illegal.
+    To protect from this error, if you don't create the allocator with this flag, it will refuse to allocate any memory or create a custom pool in such memory type,
+    returning `VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT`.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_AMD_DEVICE_COHERENT_MEMORY_BIT = 0x00000010,
+    /**
+    Enables usage of "buffer device address" feature, which allows you to use function
+    `vkGetBufferDeviceAddress*` to get raw GPU pointer to a buffer and pass it for usage inside a shader.
+
+    You may set this flag only if you:
+
+    1. (For Vulkan version < 1.2) Found as available and enabled device extension
+    VK_KHR_buffer_device_address.
+    This extension is promoted to core Vulkan 1.2.
+    2. Found as available and enabled device feature `VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures::bufferDeviceAddress`.
+
+    When this flag is set, you can create buffers with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` using VMA.
+    The library automatically adds `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` to
+    allocated memory blocks wherever it might be needed.
+
+    For more information, see documentation chapter \ref enabling_buffer_device_address.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT = 0x00000020,
+    /**
+    Enables usage of VK_EXT_memory_priority extension in the library.
+
+    You may set this flag only if you found available and enabled this device extension,
+    along with `VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryPriorityFeaturesEXT::memoryPriority == VK_TRUE`,
+    while creating Vulkan device passed as VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::device.
+
+    When this flag is used, VmaAllocationCreateInfo::priority and VmaPoolCreateInfo::priority
+    are used to set priorities of allocated Vulkan memory. Without it, these variables are ignored.
+
+    A priority must be a floating-point value between 0 and 1, indicating the priority of the allocation relative to other memory allocations.
+    Larger values are higher priority. The granularity of the priorities is implementation-dependent.
+    It is automatically passed to every call to `vkAllocateMemory` done by the library using structure `VkMemoryPriorityAllocateInfoEXT`.
+    The value to be used for default priority is 0.5.
+    For more details, see the documentation of the VK_EXT_memory_priority extension.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_PRIORITY_BIT = 0x00000040,
+
+    VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF
+} VmaAllocatorCreateFlagBits;
+/// See #VmaAllocatorCreateFlagBits.
+typedef VkFlags VmaAllocatorCreateFlags;
+
+/** @} */
+
+/**
+\addtogroup group_alloc
+@{
+*/
+
+/// \brief Intended usage of the allocated memory.
+typedef enum VmaMemoryUsage
+{
+    /** No intended memory usage specified.
+    Use other members of VmaAllocationCreateInfo to specify your requirements.
+    */
+    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_UNKNOWN = 0,
+    /**
+    \deprecated Obsolete, preserved for backward compatibility.
+    Prefers `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT`.
+    */
+    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY = 1,
+    /**
+    \deprecated Obsolete, preserved for backward compatibility.
+    Guarantees `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` and `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT`.
+    */
+    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY = 2,
+    /**
+    \deprecated Obsolete, preserved for backward compatibility.
+    Guarantees `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT`, prefers `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT`.
+    */
+    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU = 3,
+    /**
+    \deprecated Obsolete, preserved for backward compatibility.
+    Guarantees `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT`, prefers `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT`.
+    */
+    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_TO_CPU = 4,
+    /**
+    \deprecated Obsolete, preserved for backward compatibility.
+    Prefers not `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT`.
+    */
+    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_COPY = 5,
+    /**
+    Lazily allocated GPU memory having `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT`.
+    Exists mostly on mobile platforms. Using it on desktop PC or other GPUs with no such memory type present will fail the allocation.
+
+    Usage: Memory for transient attachment images (color attachments, depth attachments etc.), created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`.
+
+    Allocations with this usage are always created as dedicated - it implies #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT.
+    */
+    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_LAZILY_ALLOCATED = 6,
+    /**
+    Selects best memory type automatically.
+    This flag is recommended for most common use cases.
+
+    When using this flag, if you want to map the allocation (using vmaMapMemory() or #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT),
+    you must pass one of the flags: #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT or #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT
+    in VmaAllocationCreateInfo::flags.
+    
+    It can be used only with functions that let the library know `VkBufferCreateInfo` or `VkImageCreateInfo`, e.g.
+    vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage(), vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(), vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForImageInfo()
+    and not with generic memory allocation functions.
+    */
+    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO = 7,
+    /**
+    Selects best memory type automatically with preference for GPU (device) memory.
+
+    When using this flag, if you want to map the allocation (using vmaMapMemory() or #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT),
+    you must pass one of the flags: #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT or #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT
+    in VmaAllocationCreateInfo::flags.
+
+    It can be used only with functions that let the library know `VkBufferCreateInfo` or `VkImageCreateInfo`, e.g.
+    vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage(), vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(), vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForImageInfo()
+    and not with generic memory allocation functions.
+    */
+    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_DEVICE = 8,
+    /**
+    Selects best memory type automatically with preference for CPU (host) memory.
+
+    When using this flag, if you want to map the allocation (using vmaMapMemory() or #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT),
+    you must pass one of the flags: #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT or #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT
+    in VmaAllocationCreateInfo::flags.
+
+    It can be used only with functions that let the library know `VkBufferCreateInfo` or `VkImageCreateInfo`, e.g.
+    vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage(), vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(), vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForImageInfo()
+    and not with generic memory allocation functions.
+    */
+    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_HOST = 9,
+
+    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF
+} VmaMemoryUsage;
+
+/// Flags to be passed as VmaAllocationCreateInfo::flags.
+typedef enum VmaAllocationCreateFlagBits
+{
+    /** \brief Set this flag if the allocation should have its own memory block.
+
+    Use it for special, big resources, like fullscreen images used as attachments.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT = 0x00000001,
+
+    /** \brief Set this flag to only try to allocate from existing `VkDeviceMemory` blocks and never create new such block.
+
+    If new allocation cannot be placed in any of the existing blocks, allocation
+    fails with `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY` error.
+
+    You should not use #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT and
+    #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT at the same time. It makes no sense.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT = 0x00000002,
+    /** \brief Set this flag to use a memory that will be persistently mapped and retrieve pointer to it.
+
+    Pointer to mapped memory will be returned through VmaAllocationInfo::pMappedData.
+
+    It is valid to use this flag for allocation made from memory type that is not
+    `HOST_VISIBLE`. This flag is then ignored and memory is not mapped. This is
+    useful if you need an allocation that is efficient to use on GPU
+    (`DEVICE_LOCAL`) and still want to map it directly if possible on platforms that
+    support it (e.g. Intel GPU).
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT = 0x00000004,
+    /** \deprecated Preserved for backward compatibility. Consider using vmaSetAllocationName() instead.
+    
+    Set this flag to treat VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pUserData as pointer to a
+    null-terminated string. Instead of copying pointer value, a local copy of the
+    string is made and stored in allocation's `pName`. The string is automatically
+    freed together with the allocation. It is also used in vmaBuildStatsString().
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT = 0x00000020,
+    /** Allocation will be created from upper stack in a double stack pool.
+
+    This flag is only allowed for custom pools created with #VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT flag.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT = 0x00000040,
+    /** Create both buffer/image and allocation, but don't bind them together.
+    It is useful when you want to bind yourself to do some more advanced binding, e.g. using some extensions.
+    The flag is meaningful only with functions that bind by default: vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage().
+    Otherwise it is ignored.
+
+    If you want to make sure the new buffer/image is not tied to the new memory allocation
+    through `VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfoKHR` structure in case the allocation ends up in its own memory block,
+    use also flag #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_ALIAS_BIT.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DONT_BIND_BIT = 0x00000080,
+    /** Create allocation only if additional device memory required for it, if any, won't exceed
+    memory budget. Otherwise return `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_WITHIN_BUDGET_BIT = 0x00000100,
+    /** \brief Set this flag if the allocated memory will have aliasing resources.
+    
+    Usage of this flag prevents supplying `VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfoKHR` when #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT is specified.
+    Otherwise created dedicated memory will not be suitable for aliasing resources, resulting in Vulkan Validation Layer errors.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_ALIAS_BIT = 0x00000200,
+    /**
+    Requests possibility to map the allocation (using vmaMapMemory() or #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT).
+    
+    - If you use #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO or other `VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO*` value,
+      you must use this flag to be able to map the allocation. Otherwise, mapping is incorrect.
+    - If you use other value of #VmaMemoryUsage, this flag is ignored and mapping is always possible in memory types that are `HOST_VISIBLE`.
+      This includes allocations created in \ref custom_memory_pools.
+
+    Declares that mapped memory will only be written sequentially, e.g. using `memcpy()` or a loop writing number-by-number,
+    never read or accessed randomly, so a memory type can be selected that is uncached and write-combined.
+
+    \warning Violating this declaration may work correctly, but will likely be very slow.
+    Watch out for implicit reads introduced by doing e.g. `pMappedData[i] += x;`
+    Better prepare your data in a local variable and `memcpy()` it to the mapped pointer all at once.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT = 0x00000400,
+    /**
+    Requests possibility to map the allocation (using vmaMapMemory() or #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT).
+    
+    - If you use #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO or other `VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO*` value,
+      you must use this flag to be able to map the allocation. Otherwise, mapping is incorrect.
+    - If you use other value of #VmaMemoryUsage, this flag is ignored and mapping is always possible in memory types that are `HOST_VISIBLE`.
+      This includes allocations created in \ref custom_memory_pools.
+
+    Declares that mapped memory can be read, written, and accessed in random order,
+    so a `HOST_CACHED` memory type is required.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT = 0x00000800,
+    /**
+    Together with #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT or #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT,
+    it says that despite request for host access, a not-`HOST_VISIBLE` memory type can be selected
+    if it may improve performance.
+
+    By using this flag, you declare that you will check if the allocation ended up in a `HOST_VISIBLE` memory type
+    (e.g. using vmaGetAllocationMemoryProperties()) and if not, you will create some "staging" buffer and
+    issue an explicit transfer to write/read your data.
+    To prepare for this possibility, don't forget to add appropriate flags like
+    `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT`, `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` to the parameters of created buffer or image.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_ALLOW_TRANSFER_INSTEAD_BIT = 0x00001000,
+    /** Allocation strategy that chooses smallest possible free range for the allocation
+    to minimize memory usage and fragmentation, possibly at the expense of allocation time.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT = 0x00010000,
+    /** Allocation strategy that chooses first suitable free range for the allocation -
+    not necessarily in terms of the smallest offset but the one that is easiest and fastest to find
+    to minimize allocation time, possibly at the expense of allocation quality.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT = 0x00020000,
+    /** Allocation strategy that chooses always the lowest offset in available space.
+    This is not the most efficient strategy but achieves highly packed data.
+    Used internally by defragmentation, not recomended in typical usage.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_OFFSET_BIT  = 0x00040000,
+    /** Alias to #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_BEST_FIT_BIT = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT,
+    /** Alias to #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_FIRST_FIT_BIT = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT,
+    /** A bit mask to extract only `STRATEGY` bits from entire set of flags.
+    */
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MASK =
+        VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT |
+        VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT |
+        VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_OFFSET_BIT,
+
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF
+} VmaAllocationCreateFlagBits;
+/// See #VmaAllocationCreateFlagBits.
+typedef VkFlags VmaAllocationCreateFlags;
+
+/// Flags to be passed as VmaPoolCreateInfo::flags.
+typedef enum VmaPoolCreateFlagBits
+{
+    /** \brief Use this flag if you always allocate only buffers and linear images or only optimal images out of this pool and so Buffer-Image Granularity can be ignored.
+
+    This is an optional optimization flag.
+
+    If you always allocate using vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage(),
+    vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer(), then you don't need to use it because allocator
+    knows exact type of your allocations so it can handle Buffer-Image Granularity
+    in the optimal way.
+
+    If you also allocate using vmaAllocateMemoryForImage() or vmaAllocateMemory(),
+    exact type of such allocations is not known, so allocator must be conservative
+    in handling Buffer-Image Granularity, which can lead to suboptimal allocation
+    (wasted memory). In that case, if you can make sure you always allocate only
+    buffers and linear images or only optimal images out of this pool, use this flag
+    to make allocator disregard Buffer-Image Granularity and so make allocations
+    faster and more optimal.
+    */
+    VMA_POOL_CREATE_IGNORE_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY_BIT = 0x00000002,
+
+    /** \brief Enables alternative, linear allocation algorithm in this pool.
+
+    Specify this flag to enable linear allocation algorithm, which always creates
+    new allocations after last one and doesn't reuse space from allocations freed in
+    between. It trades memory consumption for simplified algorithm and data
+    structure, which has better performance and uses less memory for metadata.
+
+    By using this flag, you can achieve behavior of free-at-once, stack,
+    ring buffer, and double stack.
+    For details, see documentation chapter \ref linear_algorithm.
+    */
+    VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT = 0x00000004,
+
+    /** Bit mask to extract only `ALGORITHM` bits from entire set of flags.
+    */
+    VMA_POOL_CREATE_ALGORITHM_MASK =
+        VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT,
+
+    VMA_POOL_CREATE_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF
+} VmaPoolCreateFlagBits;
+/// Flags to be passed as VmaPoolCreateInfo::flags. See #VmaPoolCreateFlagBits.
+typedef VkFlags VmaPoolCreateFlags;
+
+/// Flags to be passed as VmaDefragmentationInfo::flags.
+typedef enum VmaDefragmentationFlagBits
+{
+    /* \brief Use simple but fast algorithm for defragmentation.
+    May not achieve best results but will require least time to compute and least allocations to copy.
+    */
+    VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_FAST_BIT = 0x1,
+    /* \brief Default defragmentation algorithm, applied also when no `ALGORITHM` flag is specified.
+    Offers a balance between defragmentation quality and the amount of allocations and bytes that need to be moved.
+    */
+    VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_BALANCED_BIT = 0x2,
+    /* \brief Perform full defragmentation of memory.
+    Can result in notably more time to compute and allocations to copy, but will achieve best memory packing.
+    */
+    VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_FULL_BIT = 0x4,
+    /** \brief Use the most roboust algorithm at the cost of time to compute and number of copies to make.
+    Only available when bufferImageGranularity is greater than 1, since it aims to reduce
+    alignment issues between different types of resources.
+    Otherwise falls back to same behavior as #VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_FULL_BIT.
+    */
+    VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_EXTENSIVE_BIT = 0x8,
+
+    /// A bit mask to extract only `ALGORITHM` bits from entire set of flags.
+    VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_MASK = 
+        VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_FAST_BIT |
+        VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_BALANCED_BIT |
+        VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_FULL_BIT |
+        VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_EXTENSIVE_BIT,
+
+    VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF
+} VmaDefragmentationFlagBits;
+/// See #VmaDefragmentationFlagBits.
+typedef VkFlags VmaDefragmentationFlags;
+
+/// Operation performed on single defragmentation move. See structure #VmaDefragmentationMove.
+typedef enum VmaDefragmentationMoveOperation
+{
+    /// Buffer/image has been recreated at `dstTmpAllocation`, data has been copied, old buffer/image has been destroyed. `srcAllocation` should be changed to point to the new place. This is the default value set by vmaBeginDefragmentationPass().
+    VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_MOVE_OPERATION_COPY = 0,
+    /// Set this value if you cannot move the allocation. New place reserved at `dstTmpAllocation` will be freed. `srcAllocation` will remain unchanged.
+    VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_MOVE_OPERATION_IGNORE = 1,
+    /// Set this value if you decide to abandon the allocation and you destroyed the buffer/image. New place reserved at `dstTmpAllocation` will be freed, along with `srcAllocation`, which will be destroyed.
+    VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_MOVE_OPERATION_DESTROY = 2,
+} VmaDefragmentationMoveOperation;
+
+/** @} */
+
+/**
+\addtogroup group_virtual
+@{
+*/
+
+/// Flags to be passed as VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo::flags.
+typedef enum VmaVirtualBlockCreateFlagBits
+{
+    /** \brief Enables alternative, linear allocation algorithm in this virtual block.
+
+    Specify this flag to enable linear allocation algorithm, which always creates
+    new allocations after last one and doesn't reuse space from allocations freed in
+    between. It trades memory consumption for simplified algorithm and data
+    structure, which has better performance and uses less memory for metadata.
+
+    By using this flag, you can achieve behavior of free-at-once, stack,
+    ring buffer, and double stack.
+    For details, see documentation chapter \ref linear_algorithm.
+    */
+    VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT = 0x00000001,
+
+    /** \brief Bit mask to extract only `ALGORITHM` bits from entire set of flags.
+    */
+    VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_ALGORITHM_MASK =
+        VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT,
+
+    VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF
+} VmaVirtualBlockCreateFlagBits;
+/// Flags to be passed as VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo::flags. See #VmaVirtualBlockCreateFlagBits.
+typedef VkFlags VmaVirtualBlockCreateFlags;
+
+/// Flags to be passed as VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo::flags.
+typedef enum VmaVirtualAllocationCreateFlagBits
+{
+    /** \brief Allocation will be created from upper stack in a double stack pool.
+
+    This flag is only allowed for virtual blocks created with #VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT flag.
+    */
+    VMA_VIRTUAL_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT,
+    /** \brief Allocation strategy that tries to minimize memory usage.
+    */
+    VMA_VIRTUAL_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT,
+    /** \brief Allocation strategy that tries to minimize allocation time.
+    */
+    VMA_VIRTUAL_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT,
+    /** Allocation strategy that chooses always the lowest offset in available space.
+    This is not the most efficient strategy but achieves highly packed data.
+    */
+    VMA_VIRTUAL_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_OFFSET_BIT = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_OFFSET_BIT,
+    /** \brief A bit mask to extract only `STRATEGY` bits from entire set of flags.
+
+    These strategy flags are binary compatible with equivalent flags in #VmaAllocationCreateFlagBits.
+    */
+    VMA_VIRTUAL_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MASK = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MASK,
+
+    VMA_VIRTUAL_ALLOCATION_CREATE_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF
+} VmaVirtualAllocationCreateFlagBits;
+/// Flags to be passed as VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo::flags. See #VmaVirtualAllocationCreateFlagBits.
+typedef VkFlags VmaVirtualAllocationCreateFlags;
+
+/** @} */
+
+#endif // _VMA_ENUM_DECLARATIONS
+
+#ifndef _VMA_DATA_TYPES_DECLARATIONS
+
+/**
+\addtogroup group_init
+@{ */
+
+/** \struct VmaAllocator
+\brief Represents main object of this library initialized.
+
+Fill structure #VmaAllocatorCreateInfo and call function vmaCreateAllocator() to create it.
+Call function vmaDestroyAllocator() to destroy it.
+
+It is recommended to create just one object of this type per `VkDevice` object,
+right after Vulkan is initialized and keep it alive until before Vulkan device is destroyed.
+*/
+VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VmaAllocator)
+
+/** @} */
+
+/**
+\addtogroup group_alloc
+@{
+*/
+
+/** \struct VmaPool
+\brief Represents custom memory pool
+
+Fill structure VmaPoolCreateInfo and call function vmaCreatePool() to create it.
+Call function vmaDestroyPool() to destroy it.
+
+For more information see [Custom memory pools](@ref choosing_memory_type_custom_memory_pools).
+*/
+VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VmaPool)
+
+/** \struct VmaAllocation
+\brief Represents single memory allocation.
+
+It may be either dedicated block of `VkDeviceMemory` or a specific region of a bigger block of this type
+plus unique offset.
+
+There are multiple ways to create such object.
+You need to fill structure VmaAllocationCreateInfo.
+For more information see [Choosing memory type](@ref choosing_memory_type).
+
+Although the library provides convenience functions that create Vulkan buffer or image,
+allocate memory for it and bind them together,
+binding of the allocation to a buffer or an image is out of scope of the allocation itself.
+Allocation object can exist without buffer/image bound,
+binding can be done manually by the user, and destruction of it can be done
+independently of destruction of the allocation.
+
+The object also remembers its size and some other information.
+To retrieve this information, use function vmaGetAllocationInfo() and inspect
+returned structure VmaAllocationInfo.
+*/
+VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VmaAllocation)
+
+/** \struct VmaDefragmentationContext
+\brief An opaque object that represents started defragmentation process.
+
+Fill structure #VmaDefragmentationInfo and call function vmaBeginDefragmentation() to create it.
+Call function vmaEndDefragmentation() to destroy it.
+*/
+VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VmaDefragmentationContext)
+
+/** @} */
+
+/**
+\addtogroup group_virtual
+@{
+*/
+
+/** \struct VmaVirtualAllocation
+\brief Represents single memory allocation done inside VmaVirtualBlock.
+
+Use it as a unique identifier to virtual allocation within the single block.
+
+Use value `VK_NULL_HANDLE` to represent a null/invalid allocation.
+*/
+VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VmaVirtualAllocation);
+
+/** @} */
+
+/**
+\addtogroup group_virtual
+@{
+*/
+
+/** \struct VmaVirtualBlock
+\brief Handle to a virtual block object that allows to use core allocation algorithm without allocating any real GPU memory.
+
+Fill in #VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo structure and use vmaCreateVirtualBlock() to create it. Use vmaDestroyVirtualBlock() to destroy it.
+For more information, see documentation chapter \ref virtual_allocator.
+
+This object is not thread-safe - should not be used from multiple threads simultaneously, must be synchronized externally.
+*/
+VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VmaVirtualBlock)
+
+/** @} */
+
+/**
+\addtogroup group_init
+@{
+*/
+
+/// Callback function called after successful vkAllocateMemory.
+typedef void (VKAPI_PTR* PFN_vmaAllocateDeviceMemoryFunction)(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL                    allocator,
+    uint32_t                                     memoryType,
+    VkDeviceMemory VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE memory,
+    VkDeviceSize                                 size,
+    void* VMA_NULLABLE                           pUserData);
+
+/// Callback function called before vkFreeMemory.
+typedef void (VKAPI_PTR* PFN_vmaFreeDeviceMemoryFunction)(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL                    allocator,
+    uint32_t                                     memoryType,
+    VkDeviceMemory VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE memory,
+    VkDeviceSize                                 size,
+    void* VMA_NULLABLE                           pUserData);
+
+/** \brief Set of callbacks that the library will call for `vkAllocateMemory` and `vkFreeMemory`.
+
+Provided for informative purpose, e.g. to gather statistics about number of
+allocations or total amount of memory allocated in Vulkan.
+
+Used in VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pDeviceMemoryCallbacks.
+*/
+typedef struct VmaDeviceMemoryCallbacks
+{
+    /// Optional, can be null.
+    PFN_vmaAllocateDeviceMemoryFunction VMA_NULLABLE pfnAllocate;
+    /// Optional, can be null.
+    PFN_vmaFreeDeviceMemoryFunction VMA_NULLABLE pfnFree;
+    /// Optional, can be null.
+    void* VMA_NULLABLE pUserData;
+} VmaDeviceMemoryCallbacks;
+
+/** \brief Pointers to some Vulkan functions - a subset used by the library.
+
+Used in VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pVulkanFunctions.
+*/
+typedef struct VmaVulkanFunctions
+{
+    /// Required when using VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS.
+    PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr VMA_NULLABLE vkGetInstanceProcAddr;
+    /// Required when using VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS.
+    PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr VMA_NULLABLE vkGetDeviceProcAddr;
+    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties VMA_NULLABLE vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties;
+    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties VMA_NULLABLE vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties;
+    PFN_vkAllocateMemory VMA_NULLABLE vkAllocateMemory;
+    PFN_vkFreeMemory VMA_NULLABLE vkFreeMemory;
+    PFN_vkMapMemory VMA_NULLABLE vkMapMemory;
+    PFN_vkUnmapMemory VMA_NULLABLE vkUnmapMemory;
+    PFN_vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges VMA_NULLABLE vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges;
+    PFN_vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges VMA_NULLABLE vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges;
+    PFN_vkBindBufferMemory VMA_NULLABLE vkBindBufferMemory;
+    PFN_vkBindImageMemory VMA_NULLABLE vkBindImageMemory;
+    PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements VMA_NULLABLE vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements;
+    PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements VMA_NULLABLE vkGetImageMemoryRequirements;
+    PFN_vkCreateBuffer VMA_NULLABLE vkCreateBuffer;
+    PFN_vkDestroyBuffer VMA_NULLABLE vkDestroyBuffer;
+    PFN_vkCreateImage VMA_NULLABLE vkCreateImage;
+    PFN_vkDestroyImage VMA_NULLABLE vkDestroyImage;
+    PFN_vkCmdCopyBuffer VMA_NULLABLE vkCmdCopyBuffer;
+#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+    /// Fetch "vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2" on Vulkan >= 1.1, fetch "vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR" when using VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation extension.
+    PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR VMA_NULLABLE vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR;
+    /// Fetch "vkGetImageMemoryRequirements 2" on Vulkan >= 1.1, fetch "vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR" when using VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation extension.
+    PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR VMA_NULLABLE vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR;
+#endif
+#if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2 || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+    /// Fetch "vkBindBufferMemory2" on Vulkan >= 1.1, fetch "vkBindBufferMemory2KHR" when using VK_KHR_bind_memory2 extension.
+    PFN_vkBindBufferMemory2KHR VMA_NULLABLE vkBindBufferMemory2KHR;
+    /// Fetch "vkBindImageMemory2" on Vulkan >= 1.1, fetch "vkBindImageMemory2KHR" when using VK_KHR_bind_memory2 extension.
+    PFN_vkBindImageMemory2KHR VMA_NULLABLE vkBindImageMemory2KHR;
+#endif
+#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR VMA_NULLABLE vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR;
+#endif
+#if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1003000
+    /// Fetch from "vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements" on Vulkan >= 1.3, but you can also fetch it from "vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirementsKHR" if you enabled extension VK_KHR_maintenance4.
+    PFN_vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements VMA_NULLABLE vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements;
+    /// Fetch from "vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements" on Vulkan >= 1.3, but you can also fetch it from "vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirementsKHR" if you enabled extension VK_KHR_maintenance4.
+    PFN_vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements VMA_NULLABLE vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements;
+#endif
+} VmaVulkanFunctions;
+
+/// Description of a Allocator to be created.
+typedef struct VmaAllocatorCreateInfo
+{
+    /// Flags for created allocator. Use #VmaAllocatorCreateFlagBits enum.
+    VmaAllocatorCreateFlags flags;
+    /// Vulkan physical device.
+    /** It must be valid throughout whole lifetime of created allocator. */
+    VkPhysicalDevice VMA_NOT_NULL physicalDevice;
+    /// Vulkan device.
+    /** It must be valid throughout whole lifetime of created allocator. */
+    VkDevice VMA_NOT_NULL device;
+    /// Preferred size of a single `VkDeviceMemory` block to be allocated from large heaps > 1 GiB. Optional.
+    /** Set to 0 to use default, which is currently 256 MiB. */
+    VkDeviceSize preferredLargeHeapBlockSize;
+    /// Custom CPU memory allocation callbacks. Optional.
+    /** Optional, can be null. When specified, will also be used for all CPU-side memory allocations. */
+    const VkAllocationCallbacks* VMA_NULLABLE pAllocationCallbacks;
+    /// Informative callbacks for `vkAllocateMemory`, `vkFreeMemory`. Optional.
+    /** Optional, can be null. */
+    const VmaDeviceMemoryCallbacks* VMA_NULLABLE pDeviceMemoryCallbacks;
+    /** \brief Either null or a pointer to an array of limits on maximum number of bytes that can be allocated out of particular Vulkan memory heap.
+
+    If not NULL, it must be a pointer to an array of
+    `VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties::memoryHeapCount` elements, defining limit on
+    maximum number of bytes that can be allocated out of particular Vulkan memory
+    heap.
+
+    Any of the elements may be equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, which means no limit on that
+    heap. This is also the default in case of `pHeapSizeLimit` = NULL.
+
+    If there is a limit defined for a heap:
+
+    - If user tries to allocate more memory from that heap using this allocator,
+      the allocation fails with `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`.
+    - If the limit is smaller than heap size reported in `VkMemoryHeap::size`, the
+      value of this limit will be reported instead when using vmaGetMemoryProperties().
+
+    Warning! Using this feature may not be equivalent to installing a GPU with
+    smaller amount of memory, because graphics driver doesn't necessary fail new
+    allocations with `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY` result when memory capacity is
+    exceeded. It may return success and just silently migrate some device memory
+    blocks to system RAM. This driver behavior can also be controlled using
+    VK_AMD_memory_overallocation_behavior extension.
+    */
+    const VkDeviceSize* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL("VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties::memoryHeapCount") pHeapSizeLimit;
+
+    /** \brief Pointers to Vulkan functions. Can be null.
+
+    For details see [Pointers to Vulkan functions](@ref config_Vulkan_functions).
+    */
+    const VmaVulkanFunctions* VMA_NULLABLE pVulkanFunctions;
+    /** \brief Handle to Vulkan instance object.
+
+    Starting from version 3.0.0 this member is no longer optional, it must be set!
+    */
+    VkInstance VMA_NOT_NULL instance;
+    /** \brief Optional. The highest version of Vulkan that the application is designed to use.
+
+    It must be a value in the format as created by macro `VK_MAKE_VERSION` or a constant like: `VK_API_VERSION_1_1`, `VK_API_VERSION_1_0`.
+    The patch version number specified is ignored. Only the major and minor versions are considered.
+    It must be less or equal (preferably equal) to value as passed to `vkCreateInstance` as `VkApplicationInfo::apiVersion`.
+    Only versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 are supported by the current implementation.
+    Leaving it initialized to zero is equivalent to `VK_API_VERSION_1_0`.
+    */
+    uint32_t vulkanApiVersion;
+#if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
+    /** \brief Either null or a pointer to an array of external memory handle types for each Vulkan memory type.
+
+    If not NULL, it must be a pointer to an array of `VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties::memoryTypeCount`
+    elements, defining external memory handle types of particular Vulkan memory type,
+    to be passed using `VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR`.
+
+    Any of the elements may be equal to 0, which means not to use `VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR` on this memory type.
+    This is also the default in case of `pTypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes` = NULL.
+    */
+    const VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagsKHR* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL("VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties::memoryTypeCount") pTypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes;
+#endif // #if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
+} VmaAllocatorCreateInfo;
+
+/// Information about existing #VmaAllocator object.
+typedef struct VmaAllocatorInfo
+{
+    /** \brief Handle to Vulkan instance object.
+
+    This is the same value as has been passed through VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::instance.
+    */
+    VkInstance VMA_NOT_NULL instance;
+    /** \brief Handle to Vulkan physical device object.
+
+    This is the same value as has been passed through VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::physicalDevice.
+    */
+    VkPhysicalDevice VMA_NOT_NULL physicalDevice;
+    /** \brief Handle to Vulkan device object.
+
+    This is the same value as has been passed through VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::device.
+    */
+    VkDevice VMA_NOT_NULL device;
+} VmaAllocatorInfo;
+
+/** @} */
+
+/**
+\addtogroup group_stats
+@{
+*/
+
+/** \brief Calculated statistics of memory usage e.g. in a specific memory type, heap, custom pool, or total.
+
+These are fast to calculate.
+See functions: vmaGetHeapBudgets(), vmaGetPoolStatistics().
+*/
+typedef struct VmaStatistics
+{
+    /** \brief Number of `VkDeviceMemory` objects - Vulkan memory blocks allocated.
+    */
+    uint32_t blockCount;
+    /** \brief Number of #VmaAllocation objects allocated.
+    
+    Dedicated allocations have their own blocks, so each one adds 1 to `allocationCount` as well as `blockCount`.
+    */
+    uint32_t allocationCount;
+    /** \brief Number of bytes allocated in `VkDeviceMemory` blocks.
+    
+    \note To avoid confusion, please be aware that what Vulkan calls an "allocation" - a whole `VkDeviceMemory` object
+    (e.g. as in `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::maxMemoryAllocationCount`) is called a "block" in VMA, while VMA calls
+    "allocation" a #VmaAllocation object that represents a memory region sub-allocated from such block, usually for a single buffer or image.
+    */
+    VkDeviceSize blockBytes;
+    /** \brief Total number of bytes occupied by all #VmaAllocation objects.
+    
+    Always less or equal than `blockBytes`.
+    Difference `(blockBytes - allocationBytes)` is the amount of memory allocated from Vulkan
+    but unused by any #VmaAllocation.
+    */
+    VkDeviceSize allocationBytes;
+} VmaStatistics;
+
+/** \brief More detailed statistics than #VmaStatistics.
+
+These are slower to calculate. Use for debugging purposes.
+See functions: vmaCalculateStatistics(), vmaCalculatePoolStatistics().
+
+Previous version of the statistics API provided averages, but they have been removed
+because they can be easily calculated as:
+
+\code
+VkDeviceSize allocationSizeAvg = detailedStats.statistics.allocationBytes / detailedStats.statistics.allocationCount;
+VkDeviceSize unusedBytes = detailedStats.statistics.blockBytes - detailedStats.statistics.allocationBytes;
+VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSizeAvg = unusedBytes / detailedStats.unusedRangeCount;
+\endcode
+*/
+typedef struct VmaDetailedStatistics
+{
+    /// Basic statistics.
+    VmaStatistics statistics;
+    /// Number of free ranges of memory between allocations.
+    uint32_t unusedRangeCount;
+    /// Smallest allocation size. `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` if there are 0 allocations.
+    VkDeviceSize allocationSizeMin;
+    /// Largest allocation size. 0 if there are 0 allocations.
+    VkDeviceSize allocationSizeMax;
+    /// Smallest empty range size. `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` if there are 0 empty ranges.
+    VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSizeMin;
+    /// Largest empty range size. 0 if there are 0 empty ranges.
+    VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSizeMax;
+} VmaDetailedStatistics;
+
+/** \brief  General statistics from current state of the Allocator -
+total memory usage across all memory heaps and types.
+
+These are slower to calculate. Use for debugging purposes.
+See function vmaCalculateStatistics().
+*/
+typedef struct VmaTotalStatistics
+{
+    VmaDetailedStatistics memoryType[VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES];
+    VmaDetailedStatistics memoryHeap[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];
+    VmaDetailedStatistics total;
+} VmaTotalStatistics;
+
+/** \brief Statistics of current memory usage and available budget for a specific memory heap.
+
+These are fast to calculate.
+See function vmaGetHeapBudgets().
+*/
+typedef struct VmaBudget
+{
+    /** \brief Statistics fetched from the library.
+    */
+    VmaStatistics statistics;
+    /** \brief Estimated current memory usage of the program, in bytes.
+
+    Fetched from system using VK_EXT_memory_budget extension if enabled.
+
+    It might be different than `statistics.blockBytes` (usually higher) due to additional implicit objects
+    also occupying the memory, like swapchain, pipelines, descriptor heaps, command buffers, or
+    `VkDeviceMemory` blocks allocated outside of this library, if any.
+    */
+    VkDeviceSize usage;
+    /** \brief Estimated amount of memory available to the program, in bytes.
+
+    Fetched from system using VK_EXT_memory_budget extension if enabled.
+
+    It might be different (most probably smaller) than `VkMemoryHeap::size[heapIndex]` due to factors
+    external to the program, decided by the operating system.
+    Difference `budget - usage` is the amount of additional memory that can probably
+    be allocated without problems. Exceeding the budget may result in various problems.
+    */
+    VkDeviceSize budget;
+} VmaBudget;
+
+/** @} */
+
+/**
+\addtogroup group_alloc
+@{
+*/
+
+/** \brief Parameters of new #VmaAllocation.
+
+To be used with functions like vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage(), and many others.
+*/
+typedef struct VmaAllocationCreateInfo
+{
+    /// Use #VmaAllocationCreateFlagBits enum.
+    VmaAllocationCreateFlags flags;
+    /** \brief Intended usage of memory.
+
+    You can leave #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_UNKNOWN if you specify memory requirements in other way. \n
+    If `pool` is not null, this member is ignored.
+    */
+    VmaMemoryUsage usage;
+    /** \brief Flags that must be set in a Memory Type chosen for an allocation.
+
+    Leave 0 if you specify memory requirements in other way. \n
+    If `pool` is not null, this member is ignored.*/
+    VkMemoryPropertyFlags requiredFlags;
+    /** \brief Flags that preferably should be set in a memory type chosen for an allocation.
+
+    Set to 0 if no additional flags are preferred. \n
+    If `pool` is not null, this member is ignored. */
+    VkMemoryPropertyFlags preferredFlags;
+    /** \brief Bitmask containing one bit set for every memory type acceptable for this allocation.
+
+    Value 0 is equivalent to `UINT32_MAX` - it means any memory type is accepted if
+    it meets other requirements specified by this structure, with no further
+    restrictions on memory type index. \n
+    If `pool` is not null, this member is ignored.
+    */
+    uint32_t memoryTypeBits;
+    /** \brief Pool that this allocation should be created in.
+
+    Leave `VK_NULL_HANDLE` to allocate from default pool. If not null, members:
+    `usage`, `requiredFlags`, `preferredFlags`, `memoryTypeBits` are ignored.
+    */
+    VmaPool VMA_NULLABLE pool;
+    /** \brief Custom general-purpose pointer that will be stored in #VmaAllocation, can be read as VmaAllocationInfo::pUserData and changed using vmaSetAllocationUserData().
+
+    If #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT is used, it must be either
+    null or pointer to a null-terminated string. The string will be then copied to
+    internal buffer, so it doesn't need to be valid after allocation call.
+    */
+    void* VMA_NULLABLE pUserData;
+    /** \brief A floating-point value between 0 and 1, indicating the priority of the allocation relative to other memory allocations.
+
+    It is used only when #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_PRIORITY_BIT flag was used during creation of the #VmaAllocator object
+    and this allocation ends up as dedicated or is explicitly forced as dedicated using #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT.
+    Otherwise, it has the priority of a memory block where it is placed and this variable is ignored.
+    */
+    float priority;
+} VmaAllocationCreateInfo;
+
+/// Describes parameter of created #VmaPool.
+typedef struct VmaPoolCreateInfo
+{
+    /** \brief Vulkan memory type index to allocate this pool from.
+    */
+    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex;
+    /** \brief Use combination of #VmaPoolCreateFlagBits.
+    */
+    VmaPoolCreateFlags flags;
+    /** \brief Size of a single `VkDeviceMemory` block to be allocated as part of this pool, in bytes. Optional.
+
+    Specify nonzero to set explicit, constant size of memory blocks used by this
+    pool.
+
+    Leave 0 to use default and let the library manage block sizes automatically.
+    Sizes of particular blocks may vary.
+    In this case, the pool will also support dedicated allocations.
+    */
+    VkDeviceSize blockSize;
+    /** \brief Minimum number of blocks to be always allocated in this pool, even if they stay empty.
+
+    Set to 0 to have no preallocated blocks and allow the pool be completely empty.
+    */
+    size_t minBlockCount;
+    /** \brief Maximum number of blocks that can be allocated in this pool. Optional.
+
+    Set to 0 to use default, which is `SIZE_MAX`, which means no limit.
+
+    Set to same value as VmaPoolCreateInfo::minBlockCount to have fixed amount of memory allocated
+    throughout whole lifetime of this pool.
+    */
+    size_t maxBlockCount;
+    /** \brief A floating-point value between 0 and 1, indicating the priority of the allocations in this pool relative to other memory allocations.
+
+    It is used only when #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_PRIORITY_BIT flag was used during creation of the #VmaAllocator object.
+    Otherwise, this variable is ignored.
+    */
+    float priority;
+    /** \brief Additional minimum alignment to be used for all allocations created from this pool. Can be 0.
+
+    Leave 0 (default) not to impose any additional alignment. If not 0, it must be a power of two.
+    It can be useful in cases where alignment returned by Vulkan by functions like `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements` is not enough,
+    e.g. when doing interop with OpenGL.
+    */
+    VkDeviceSize minAllocationAlignment;
+    /** \brief Additional `pNext` chain to be attached to `VkMemoryAllocateInfo` used for every allocation made by this pool. Optional.
+
+    Optional, can be null. If not null, it must point to a `pNext` chain of structures that can be attached to `VkMemoryAllocateInfo`.
+    It can be useful for special needs such as adding `VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR`.
+    Structures pointed by this member must remain alive and unchanged for the whole lifetime of the custom pool.
+
+    Please note that some structures, e.g. `VkMemoryPriorityAllocateInfoEXT`, `VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfoKHR`,
+    can be attached automatically by this library when using other, more convenient of its features.
+    */
+    void* VMA_NULLABLE pMemoryAllocateNext;
+} VmaPoolCreateInfo;
+
+/** @} */
+
+/**
+\addtogroup group_alloc
+@{
+*/
+
+/// Parameters of #VmaAllocation objects, that can be retrieved using function vmaGetAllocationInfo().
+typedef struct VmaAllocationInfo
+{
+    /** \brief Memory type index that this allocation was allocated from.
+
+    It never changes.
+    */
+    uint32_t memoryType;
+    /** \brief Handle to Vulkan memory object.
+
+    Same memory object can be shared by multiple allocations.
+
+    It can change after the allocation is moved during \ref defragmentation.
+    */
+    VkDeviceMemory VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE deviceMemory;
+    /** \brief Offset in `VkDeviceMemory` object to the beginning of this allocation, in bytes. `(deviceMemory, offset)` pair is unique to this allocation.
+
+    You usually don't need to use this offset. If you create a buffer or an image together with the allocation using e.g. function
+    vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage(), functions that operate on these resources refer to the beginning of the buffer or image,
+    not entire device memory block. Functions like vmaMapMemory(), vmaBindBufferMemory() also refer to the beginning of the allocation
+    and apply this offset automatically.
+
+    It can change after the allocation is moved during \ref defragmentation.
+    */
+    VkDeviceSize offset;
+    /** \brief Size of this allocation, in bytes.
+
+    It never changes.
+
+    \note Allocation size returned in this variable may be greater than the size
+    requested for the resource e.g. as `VkBufferCreateInfo::size`. Whole size of the
+    allocation is accessible for operations on memory e.g. using a pointer after
+    mapping with vmaMapMemory(), but operations on the resource e.g. using
+    `vkCmdCopyBuffer` must be limited to the size of the resource.
+    */
+    VkDeviceSize size;
+    /** \brief Pointer to the beginning of this allocation as mapped data.
+
+    If the allocation hasn't been mapped using vmaMapMemory() and hasn't been
+    created with #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT flag, this value is null.
+
+    It can change after call to vmaMapMemory(), vmaUnmapMemory().
+    It can also change after the allocation is moved during \ref defragmentation.
+    */
+    void* VMA_NULLABLE pMappedData;
+    /** \brief Custom general-purpose pointer that was passed as VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pUserData or set using vmaSetAllocationUserData().
+
+    It can change after call to vmaSetAllocationUserData() for this allocation.
+    */
+    void* VMA_NULLABLE pUserData;
+    /** \brief Custom allocation name that was set with vmaSetAllocationName().
+    
+    It can change after call to vmaSetAllocationName() for this allocation.
+    
+    Another way to set custom name is to pass it in VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pUserData with
+    additional flag #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT set [DEPRECATED].
+    */
+    const char* VMA_NULLABLE pName;
+} VmaAllocationInfo;
+
+/** \brief Parameters for defragmentation.
+
+To be used with function vmaBeginDefragmentation().
+*/
+typedef struct VmaDefragmentationInfo
+{
+    /// \brief Use combination of #VmaDefragmentationFlagBits.
+    VmaDefragmentationFlags flags;
+    /** \brief Custom pool to be defragmented.
+
+    If null then default pools will undergo defragmentation process.
+    */
+    VmaPool VMA_NULLABLE pool;
+    /** \brief Maximum numbers of bytes that can be copied during single pass, while moving allocations to different places.
+
+    `0` means no limit.
+    */
+    VkDeviceSize maxBytesPerPass;
+    /** \brief Maximum number of allocations that can be moved during single pass to a different place.
+
+    `0` means no limit.
+    */
+    uint32_t maxAllocationsPerPass;
+} VmaDefragmentationInfo;
+
+/// Single move of an allocation to be done for defragmentation.
+typedef struct VmaDefragmentationMove
+{
+    /// Operation to be performed on the allocation by vmaEndDefragmentationPass(). Default value is #VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_MOVE_OPERATION_COPY. You can modify it.
+    VmaDefragmentationMoveOperation operation;
+    /// Allocation that should be moved.
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL srcAllocation;
+    /** \brief Temporary allocation pointing to destination memory that will replace `srcAllocation`.
+    
+    \warning Do not store this allocation in your data structures! It exists only temporarily, for the duration of the defragmentation pass,
+    to be used for binding new buffer/image to the destination memory using e.g. vmaBindBufferMemory().
+    vmaEndDefragmentationPass() will destroy it and make `srcAllocation` point to this memory.
+    */
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL dstTmpAllocation;
+} VmaDefragmentationMove;
+
+/** \brief Parameters for incremental defragmentation steps.
+
+To be used with function vmaBeginDefragmentationPass().
+*/
+typedef struct VmaDefragmentationPassMoveInfo
+{
+    /// Number of elements in the `pMoves` array.
+    uint32_t moveCount;
+    /** \brief Array of moves to be performed by the user in the current defragmentation pass.
+    
+    Pointer to an array of `moveCount` elements, owned by VMA, created in vmaBeginDefragmentationPass(), destroyed in vmaEndDefragmentationPass().
+
+    For each element, you should:
+    
+    1. Create a new buffer/image in the place pointed by VmaDefragmentationMove::dstMemory + VmaDefragmentationMove::dstOffset.
+    2. Copy data from the VmaDefragmentationMove::srcAllocation e.g. using `vkCmdCopyBuffer`, `vkCmdCopyImage`.
+    3. Make sure these commands finished executing on the GPU.
+    4. Destroy the old buffer/image.
+    
+    Only then you can finish defragmentation pass by calling vmaEndDefragmentationPass().
+    After this call, the allocation will point to the new place in memory.
+
+    Alternatively, if you cannot move specific allocation, you can set VmaDefragmentationMove::operation to #VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_MOVE_OPERATION_IGNORE.
+
+    Alternatively, if you decide you want to completely remove the allocation:
+
+    1. Destroy its buffer/image.
+    2. Set VmaDefragmentationMove::operation to #VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_MOVE_OPERATION_DESTROY.
+
+    Then, after vmaEndDefragmentationPass() the allocation will be freed.
+    */
+    VmaDefragmentationMove* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(moveCount) pMoves;
+} VmaDefragmentationPassMoveInfo;
+
+/// Statistics returned for defragmentation process in function vmaEndDefragmentation().
+typedef struct VmaDefragmentationStats
+{
+    /// Total number of bytes that have been copied while moving allocations to different places.
+    VkDeviceSize bytesMoved;
+    /// Total number of bytes that have been released to the system by freeing empty `VkDeviceMemory` objects.
+    VkDeviceSize bytesFreed;
+    /// Number of allocations that have been moved to different places.
+    uint32_t allocationsMoved;
+    /// Number of empty `VkDeviceMemory` objects that have been released to the system.
+    uint32_t deviceMemoryBlocksFreed;
+} VmaDefragmentationStats;
+
+/** @} */
+
+/**
+\addtogroup group_virtual
+@{
+*/
+
+/// Parameters of created #VmaVirtualBlock object to be passed to vmaCreateVirtualBlock().
+typedef struct VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo
+{
+    /** \brief Total size of the virtual block.
+
+    Sizes can be expressed in bytes or any units you want as long as you are consistent in using them.
+    For example, if you allocate from some array of structures, 1 can mean single instance of entire structure.
+    */
+    VkDeviceSize size;
+
+    /** \brief Use combination of #VmaVirtualBlockCreateFlagBits.
+    */
+    VmaVirtualBlockCreateFlags flags;
+
+    /** \brief Custom CPU memory allocation callbacks. Optional.
+
+    Optional, can be null. When specified, they will be used for all CPU-side memory allocations.
+    */
+    const VkAllocationCallbacks* VMA_NULLABLE pAllocationCallbacks;
+} VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo;
+
+/// Parameters of created virtual allocation to be passed to vmaVirtualAllocate().
+typedef struct VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo
+{
+    /** \brief Size of the allocation.
+
+    Cannot be zero.
+    */
+    VkDeviceSize size;
+    /** \brief Required alignment of the allocation. Optional.
+
+    Must be power of two. Special value 0 has the same meaning as 1 - means no special alignment is required, so allocation can start at any offset.
+    */
+    VkDeviceSize alignment;
+    /** \brief Use combination of #VmaVirtualAllocationCreateFlagBits.
+    */
+    VmaVirtualAllocationCreateFlags flags;
+    /** \brief Custom pointer to be associated with the allocation. Optional.
+
+    It can be any value and can be used for user-defined purposes. It can be fetched or changed later.
+    */
+    void* VMA_NULLABLE pUserData;
+} VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo;
+
+/// Parameters of an existing virtual allocation, returned by vmaGetVirtualAllocationInfo().
+typedef struct VmaVirtualAllocationInfo
+{
+    /** \brief Offset of the allocation.
+     
+    Offset at which the allocation was made.
+    */
+    VkDeviceSize offset;
+    /** \brief Size of the allocation.
+
+    Same value as passed in VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo::size.
+    */
+    VkDeviceSize size;
+    /** \brief Custom pointer associated with the allocation.
+
+    Same value as passed in VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo::pUserData or to vmaSetVirtualAllocationUserData().
+    */
+    void* VMA_NULLABLE pUserData;
+} VmaVirtualAllocationInfo;
+
+/** @} */
+
+#endif // _VMA_DATA_TYPES_DECLARATIONS
+
+#ifndef _VMA_FUNCTION_HEADERS
+
+/**
+\addtogroup group_init
+@{
+*/
+
+/// Creates #VmaAllocator object.
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateAllocator(
+    const VmaAllocatorCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pCreateInfo,
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocator);
+
+/// Destroys allocator object.
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaDestroyAllocator(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NULLABLE allocator);
+
+/** \brief Returns information about existing #VmaAllocator object - handle to Vulkan device etc.
+
+It might be useful if you want to keep just the #VmaAllocator handle and fetch other required handles to
+`VkPhysicalDevice`, `VkDevice` etc. every time using this function.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetAllocatorInfo(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaAllocatorInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocatorInfo);
+
+/**
+PhysicalDeviceProperties are fetched from physicalDevice by the allocator.
+You can access it here, without fetching it again on your own.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    const VkPhysicalDeviceProperties* VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL ppPhysicalDeviceProperties);
+
+/**
+PhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties are fetched from physicalDevice by the allocator.
+You can access it here, without fetching it again on your own.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetMemoryProperties(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    const VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties* VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL ppPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties);
+
+/**
+\brief Given Memory Type Index, returns Property Flags of this memory type.
+
+This is just a convenience function. Same information can be obtained using
+vmaGetMemoryProperties().
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetMemoryTypeProperties(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,
+    VkMemoryPropertyFlags* VMA_NOT_NULL pFlags);
+
+/** \brief Sets index of the current frame.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaSetCurrentFrameIndex(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    uint32_t frameIndex);
+
+/** @} */
+
+/**
+\addtogroup group_stats
+@{
+*/
+
+/** \brief Retrieves statistics from current state of the Allocator.
+
+This function is called "calculate" not "get" because it has to traverse all
+internal data structures, so it may be quite slow. Use it for debugging purposes.
+For faster but more brief statistics suitable to be called every frame or every allocation,
+use vmaGetHeapBudgets().
+
+Note that when using allocator from multiple threads, returned information may immediately
+become outdated.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaCalculateStatistics(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaTotalStatistics* VMA_NOT_NULL pStats);
+
+/** \brief Retrieves information about current memory usage and budget for all memory heaps.
+
+\param allocator
+\param[out] pBudgets Must point to array with number of elements at least equal to number of memory heaps in physical device used.
+
+This function is called "get" not "calculate" because it is very fast, suitable to be called
+every frame or every allocation. For more detailed statistics use vmaCalculateStatistics().
+
+Note that when using allocator from multiple threads, returned information may immediately
+become outdated.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetHeapBudgets(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaBudget* VMA_NOT_NULL VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL("VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties::memoryHeapCount") pBudgets);
+
+/** @} */
+
+/**
+\addtogroup group_alloc
+@{
+*/
+
+/**
+\brief Helps to find memoryTypeIndex, given memoryTypeBits and VmaAllocationCreateInfo.
+
+This algorithm tries to find a memory type that:
+
+- Is allowed by memoryTypeBits.
+- Contains all the flags from pAllocationCreateInfo->requiredFlags.
+- Matches intended usage.
+- Has as many flags from pAllocationCreateInfo->preferredFlags as possible.
+
+\return Returns VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT if not found. Receiving such result
+from this function or any other allocating function probably means that your
+device doesn't support any memory type with requested features for the specific
+type of resource you want to use it for. Please check parameters of your
+resource, like image layout (OPTIMAL versus LINEAR) or mip level count.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    uint32_t memoryTypeBits,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocationCreateInfo,
+    uint32_t* VMA_NOT_NULL pMemoryTypeIndex);
+
+/**
+\brief Helps to find memoryTypeIndex, given VkBufferCreateInfo and VmaAllocationCreateInfo.
+
+It can be useful e.g. to determine value to be used as VmaPoolCreateInfo::memoryTypeIndex.
+It internally creates a temporary, dummy buffer that never has memory bound.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    const VkBufferCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pBufferCreateInfo,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocationCreateInfo,
+    uint32_t* VMA_NOT_NULL pMemoryTypeIndex);
+
+/**
+\brief Helps to find memoryTypeIndex, given VkImageCreateInfo and VmaAllocationCreateInfo.
+
+It can be useful e.g. to determine value to be used as VmaPoolCreateInfo::memoryTypeIndex.
+It internally creates a temporary, dummy image that never has memory bound.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForImageInfo(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    const VkImageCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pImageCreateInfo,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocationCreateInfo,
+    uint32_t* VMA_NOT_NULL pMemoryTypeIndex);
+
+/** \brief Allocates Vulkan device memory and creates #VmaPool object.
+
+\param allocator Allocator object.
+\param pCreateInfo Parameters of pool to create.
+\param[out] pPool Handle to created pool.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreatePool(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    const VmaPoolCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pCreateInfo,
+    VmaPool VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pPool);
+
+/** \brief Destroys #VmaPool object and frees Vulkan device memory.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaDestroyPool(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaPool VMA_NULLABLE pool);
+
+/** @} */
+
+/**
+\addtogroup group_stats
+@{
+*/
+
+/** \brief Retrieves statistics of existing #VmaPool object.
+
+\param allocator Allocator object.
+\param pool Pool object.
+\param[out] pPoolStats Statistics of specified pool.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetPoolStatistics(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaPool VMA_NOT_NULL pool,
+    VmaStatistics* VMA_NOT_NULL pPoolStats);
+
+/** \brief Retrieves detailed statistics of existing #VmaPool object.
+
+\param allocator Allocator object.
+\param pool Pool object.
+\param[out] pPoolStats Statistics of specified pool.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaCalculatePoolStatistics(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaPool VMA_NOT_NULL pool,
+    VmaDetailedStatistics* VMA_NOT_NULL pPoolStats);
+
+/** @} */
+
+/**
+\addtogroup group_alloc
+@{
+*/
+
+/** \brief Checks magic number in margins around all allocations in given memory pool in search for corruptions.
+
+Corruption detection is enabled only when `VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION` macro is defined to nonzero,
+`VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN` is defined to nonzero and the pool is created in memory type that is
+`HOST_VISIBLE` and `HOST_COHERENT`. For more information, see [Corruption detection](@ref debugging_memory_usage_corruption_detection).
+
+Possible return values:
+
+- `VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT` - corruption detection is not enabled for specified pool.
+- `VK_SUCCESS` - corruption detection has been performed and succeeded.
+- `VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN` - corruption detection has been performed and found memory corruptions around one of the allocations.
+  `VMA_ASSERT` is also fired in that case.
+- Other value: Error returned by Vulkan, e.g. memory mapping failure.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCheckPoolCorruption(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaPool VMA_NOT_NULL pool);
+
+/** \brief Retrieves name of a custom pool.
+
+After the call `ppName` is either null or points to an internally-owned null-terminated string
+containing name of the pool that was previously set. The pointer becomes invalid when the pool is
+destroyed or its name is changed using vmaSetPoolName().
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetPoolName(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaPool VMA_NOT_NULL pool,
+    const char* VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL ppName);
+
+/** \brief Sets name of a custom pool.
+
+`pName` can be either null or pointer to a null-terminated string with new name for the pool.
+Function makes internal copy of the string, so it can be changed or freed immediately after this call.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaSetPoolName(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaPool VMA_NOT_NULL pool,
+    const char* VMA_NULLABLE pName);
+
+/** \brief General purpose memory allocation.
+
+\param allocator
+\param pVkMemoryRequirements
+\param pCreateInfo
+\param[out] pAllocation Handle to allocated memory.
+\param[out] pAllocationInfo Optional. Information about allocated memory. It can be later fetched using function vmaGetAllocationInfo().
+
+You should free the memory using vmaFreeMemory() or vmaFreeMemoryPages().
+
+It is recommended to use vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer(), vmaAllocateMemoryForImage(),
+vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage() instead whenever possible.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaAllocateMemory(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    const VkMemoryRequirements* VMA_NOT_NULL pVkMemoryRequirements,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pCreateInfo,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocation,
+    VmaAllocationInfo* VMA_NULLABLE pAllocationInfo);
+
+/** \brief General purpose memory allocation for multiple allocation objects at once.
+
+\param allocator Allocator object.
+\param pVkMemoryRequirements Memory requirements for each allocation.
+\param pCreateInfo Creation parameters for each allocation.
+\param allocationCount Number of allocations to make.
+\param[out] pAllocations Pointer to array that will be filled with handles to created allocations.
+\param[out] pAllocationInfo Optional. Pointer to array that will be filled with parameters of created allocations.
+
+You should free the memory using vmaFreeMemory() or vmaFreeMemoryPages().
+
+Word "pages" is just a suggestion to use this function to allocate pieces of memory needed for sparse binding.
+It is just a general purpose allocation function able to make multiple allocations at once.
+It may be internally optimized to be more efficient than calling vmaAllocateMemory() `allocationCount` times.
+
+All allocations are made using same parameters. All of them are created out of the same memory pool and type.
+If any allocation fails, all allocations already made within this function call are also freed, so that when
+returned result is not `VK_SUCCESS`, `pAllocation` array is always entirely filled with `VK_NULL_HANDLE`.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaAllocateMemoryPages(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    const VkMemoryRequirements* VMA_NOT_NULL VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) pVkMemoryRequirements,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) pCreateInfo,
+    size_t allocationCount,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) pAllocations,
+    VmaAllocationInfo* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) pAllocationInfo);
+
+/** \brief Allocates memory suitable for given `VkBuffer`.
+
+\param allocator
+\param buffer
+\param pCreateInfo
+\param[out] pAllocation Handle to allocated memory.
+\param[out] pAllocationInfo Optional. Information about allocated memory. It can be later fetched using function vmaGetAllocationInfo().
+
+It only creates #VmaAllocation. To bind the memory to the buffer, use vmaBindBufferMemory().
+
+This is a special-purpose function. In most cases you should use vmaCreateBuffer().
+
+You must free the allocation using vmaFreeMemory() when no longer needed.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VkBuffer VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE buffer,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pCreateInfo,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocation,
+    VmaAllocationInfo* VMA_NULLABLE pAllocationInfo);
+
+/** \brief Allocates memory suitable for given `VkImage`.
+
+\param allocator
+\param image
+\param pCreateInfo
+\param[out] pAllocation Handle to allocated memory.
+\param[out] pAllocationInfo Optional. Information about allocated memory. It can be later fetched using function vmaGetAllocationInfo().
+
+It only creates #VmaAllocation. To bind the memory to the buffer, use vmaBindImageMemory().
+
+This is a special-purpose function. In most cases you should use vmaCreateImage().
+
+You must free the allocation using vmaFreeMemory() when no longer needed.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaAllocateMemoryForImage(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VkImage VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE image,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pCreateInfo,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocation,
+    VmaAllocationInfo* VMA_NULLABLE pAllocationInfo);
+
+/** \brief Frees memory previously allocated using vmaAllocateMemory(), vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer(), or vmaAllocateMemoryForImage().
+
+Passing `VK_NULL_HANDLE` as `allocation` is valid. Such function call is just skipped.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaFreeMemory(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    const VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE allocation);
+
+/** \brief Frees memory and destroys multiple allocations.
+
+Word "pages" is just a suggestion to use this function to free pieces of memory used for sparse binding.
+It is just a general purpose function to free memory and destroy allocations made using e.g. vmaAllocateMemory(),
+vmaAllocateMemoryPages() and other functions.
+It may be internally optimized to be more efficient than calling vmaFreeMemory() `allocationCount` times.
+
+Allocations in `pAllocations` array can come from any memory pools and types.
+Passing `VK_NULL_HANDLE` as elements of `pAllocations` array is valid. Such entries are just skipped.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaFreeMemoryPages(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    size_t allocationCount,
+    const VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) pAllocations);
+
+/** \brief Returns current information about specified allocation.
+
+Current paramteres of given allocation are returned in `pAllocationInfo`.
+
+Although this function doesn't lock any mutex, so it should be quite efficient,
+you should avoid calling it too often.
+You can retrieve same VmaAllocationInfo structure while creating your resource, from function
+vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage(). You can remember it if you are sure parameters don't change
+(e.g. due to defragmentation).
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetAllocationInfo(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
+    VmaAllocationInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocationInfo);
+
+/** \brief Sets pUserData in given allocation to new value.
+
+The value of pointer `pUserData` is copied to allocation's `pUserData`.
+It is opaque, so you can use it however you want - e.g.
+as a pointer, ordinal number or some handle to you own data.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaSetAllocationUserData(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
+    void* VMA_NULLABLE pUserData);
+
+/** \brief Sets pName in given allocation to new value.
+
+`pName` must be either null, or pointer to a null-terminated string. The function
+makes local copy of the string and sets it as allocation's `pName`. String
+passed as pName doesn't need to be valid for whole lifetime of the allocation -
+you can free it after this call. String previously pointed by allocation's
+`pName` is freed from memory.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaSetAllocationName(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
+    const char* VMA_NULLABLE pName);
+
+/**
+\brief Given an allocation, returns Property Flags of its memory type.
+
+This is just a convenience function. Same information can be obtained using
+vmaGetAllocationInfo() + vmaGetMemoryProperties().
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetAllocationMemoryProperties(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
+    VkMemoryPropertyFlags* VMA_NOT_NULL pFlags);
+
+/** \brief Maps memory represented by given allocation and returns pointer to it.
+
+Maps memory represented by given allocation to make it accessible to CPU code.
+When succeeded, `*ppData` contains pointer to first byte of this memory.
+
+\warning
+If the allocation is part of a bigger `VkDeviceMemory` block, returned pointer is
+correctly offsetted to the beginning of region assigned to this particular allocation.
+Unlike the result of `vkMapMemory`, it points to the allocation, not to the beginning of the whole block.
+You should not add VmaAllocationInfo::offset to it!
+
+Mapping is internally reference-counted and synchronized, so despite raw Vulkan
+function `vkMapMemory()` cannot be used to map same block of `VkDeviceMemory`
+multiple times simultaneously, it is safe to call this function on allocations
+assigned to the same memory block. Actual Vulkan memory will be mapped on first
+mapping and unmapped on last unmapping.
+
+If the function succeeded, you must call vmaUnmapMemory() to unmap the
+allocation when mapping is no longer needed or before freeing the allocation, at
+the latest.
+
+It also safe to call this function multiple times on the same allocation. You
+must call vmaUnmapMemory() same number of times as you called vmaMapMemory().
+
+It is also safe to call this function on allocation created with
+#VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT flag. Its memory stays mapped all the time.
+You must still call vmaUnmapMemory() same number of times as you called
+vmaMapMemory(). You must not call vmaUnmapMemory() additional time to free the
+"0-th" mapping made automatically due to #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT flag.
+
+This function fails when used on allocation made in memory type that is not
+`HOST_VISIBLE`.
+
+This function doesn't automatically flush or invalidate caches.
+If the allocation is made from a memory types that is not `HOST_COHERENT`,
+you also need to use vmaInvalidateAllocation() / vmaFlushAllocation(), as required by Vulkan specification.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaMapMemory(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
+    void* VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL ppData);
+
+/** \brief Unmaps memory represented by given allocation, mapped previously using vmaMapMemory().
+
+For details, see description of vmaMapMemory().
+
+This function doesn't automatically flush or invalidate caches.
+If the allocation is made from a memory types that is not `HOST_COHERENT`,
+you also need to use vmaInvalidateAllocation() / vmaFlushAllocation(), as required by Vulkan specification.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaUnmapMemory(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation);
+
+/** \brief Flushes memory of given allocation.
+
+Calls `vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges()` for memory associated with given range of given allocation.
+It needs to be called after writing to a mapped memory for memory types that are not `HOST_COHERENT`.
+Unmap operation doesn't do that automatically.
+
+- `offset` must be relative to the beginning of allocation.
+- `size` can be `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`. It means all memory from `offset` the the end of given allocation.
+- `offset` and `size` don't have to be aligned.
+  They are internally rounded down/up to multiply of `nonCoherentAtomSize`.
+- If `size` is 0, this call is ignored.
+- If memory type that the `allocation` belongs to is not `HOST_VISIBLE` or it is `HOST_COHERENT`,
+  this call is ignored.
+
+Warning! `offset` and `size` are relative to the contents of given `allocation`.
+If you mean whole allocation, you can pass 0 and `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, respectively.
+Do not pass allocation's offset as `offset`!!!
+
+This function returns the `VkResult` from `vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges` if it is
+called, otherwise `VK_SUCCESS`.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaFlushAllocation(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
+    VkDeviceSize offset,
+    VkDeviceSize size);
+
+/** \brief Invalidates memory of given allocation.
+
+Calls `vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges()` for memory associated with given range of given allocation.
+It needs to be called before reading from a mapped memory for memory types that are not `HOST_COHERENT`.
+Map operation doesn't do that automatically.
+
+- `offset` must be relative to the beginning of allocation.
+- `size` can be `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`. It means all memory from `offset` the the end of given allocation.
+- `offset` and `size` don't have to be aligned.
+  They are internally rounded down/up to multiply of `nonCoherentAtomSize`.
+- If `size` is 0, this call is ignored.
+- If memory type that the `allocation` belongs to is not `HOST_VISIBLE` or it is `HOST_COHERENT`,
+  this call is ignored.
+
+Warning! `offset` and `size` are relative to the contents of given `allocation`.
+If you mean whole allocation, you can pass 0 and `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, respectively.
+Do not pass allocation's offset as `offset`!!!
+
+This function returns the `VkResult` from `vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges` if
+it is called, otherwise `VK_SUCCESS`.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaInvalidateAllocation(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
+    VkDeviceSize offset,
+    VkDeviceSize size);
+
+/** \brief Flushes memory of given set of allocations.
+
+Calls `vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges()` for memory associated with given ranges of given allocations.
+For more information, see documentation of vmaFlushAllocation().
+
+\param allocator
+\param allocationCount
+\param allocations
+\param offsets If not null, it must point to an array of offsets of regions to flush, relative to the beginning of respective allocations. Null means all ofsets are zero.
+\param sizes If not null, it must point to an array of sizes of regions to flush in respective allocations. Null means `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` for all allocations.
+
+This function returns the `VkResult` from `vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges` if it is
+called, otherwise `VK_SUCCESS`.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaFlushAllocations(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    uint32_t allocationCount,
+    const VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) allocations,
+    const VkDeviceSize* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) offsets,
+    const VkDeviceSize* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) sizes);
+
+/** \brief Invalidates memory of given set of allocations.
+
+Calls `vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges()` for memory associated with given ranges of given allocations.
+For more information, see documentation of vmaInvalidateAllocation().
+
+\param allocator
+\param allocationCount
+\param allocations
+\param offsets If not null, it must point to an array of offsets of regions to flush, relative to the beginning of respective allocations. Null means all ofsets are zero.
+\param sizes If not null, it must point to an array of sizes of regions to flush in respective allocations. Null means `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` for all allocations.
+
+This function returns the `VkResult` from `vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges` if it is
+called, otherwise `VK_SUCCESS`.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaInvalidateAllocations(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    uint32_t allocationCount,
+    const VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) allocations,
+    const VkDeviceSize* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) offsets,
+    const VkDeviceSize* VMA_NULLABLE VMA_LEN_IF_NOT_NULL(allocationCount) sizes);
+
+/** \brief Checks magic number in margins around all allocations in given memory types (in both default and custom pools) in search for corruptions.
+
+\param allocator
+\param memoryTypeBits Bit mask, where each bit set means that a memory type with that index should be checked.
+
+Corruption detection is enabled only when `VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION` macro is defined to nonzero,
+`VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN` is defined to nonzero and only for memory types that are
+`HOST_VISIBLE` and `HOST_COHERENT`. For more information, see [Corruption detection](@ref debugging_memory_usage_corruption_detection).
+
+Possible return values:
+
+- `VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT` - corruption detection is not enabled for any of specified memory types.
+- `VK_SUCCESS` - corruption detection has been performed and succeeded.
+- `VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN` - corruption detection has been performed and found memory corruptions around one of the allocations.
+  `VMA_ASSERT` is also fired in that case.
+- Other value: Error returned by Vulkan, e.g. memory mapping failure.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCheckCorruption(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    uint32_t memoryTypeBits);
+
+/** \brief Begins defragmentation process.
+
+\param allocator Allocator object.
+\param pInfo Structure filled with parameters of defragmentation.
+\param[out] pContext Context object that must be passed to vmaEndDefragmentation() to finish defragmentation.
+\returns
+- `VK_SUCCESS` if defragmentation can begin.
+- `VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT` if defragmentation is not supported.
+
+For more information about defragmentation, see documentation chapter:
+[Defragmentation](@ref defragmentation).
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBeginDefragmentation(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    const VmaDefragmentationInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pInfo,
+    VmaDefragmentationContext VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pContext);
+
+/** \brief Ends defragmentation process.
+
+\param allocator Allocator object.
+\param context Context object that has been created by vmaBeginDefragmentation().
+\param[out] pStats Optional stats for the defragmentation. Can be null.
+
+Use this function to finish defragmentation started by vmaBeginDefragmentation().
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaEndDefragmentation(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaDefragmentationContext VMA_NOT_NULL context,
+    VmaDefragmentationStats* VMA_NULLABLE pStats);
+
+/** \brief Starts single defragmentation pass.
+
+\param allocator Allocator object.
+\param context Context object that has been created by vmaBeginDefragmentation().
+\param[out] pPassInfo Computed informations for current pass.
+\returns
+- `VK_SUCCESS` if no more moves are possible. Then you can omit call to vmaEndDefragmentationPass() and simply end whole defragmentation.
+- `VK_INCOMPLETE` if there are pending moves returned in `pPassInfo`. You need to perform them, call vmaEndDefragmentationPass(),
+  and then preferably try another pass with vmaBeginDefragmentationPass().
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBeginDefragmentationPass(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaDefragmentationContext VMA_NOT_NULL context,
+    VmaDefragmentationPassMoveInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pPassInfo);
+
+/** \brief Ends single defragmentation pass.
+
+\param allocator Allocator object.
+\param context Context object that has been created by vmaBeginDefragmentation().
+\param pPassInfo Computed informations for current pass filled by vmaBeginDefragmentationPass() and possibly modified by you.
+
+Returns `VK_SUCCESS` if no more moves are possible or `VK_INCOMPLETE` if more defragmentations are possible.
+
+Ends incremental defragmentation pass and commits all defragmentation moves from `pPassInfo`.
+After this call:
+
+- Allocations at `pPassInfo[i].srcAllocation` that had `pPassInfo[i].operation ==` #VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_MOVE_OPERATION_COPY
+  (which is the default) will be pointing to the new destination place.
+- Allocation at `pPassInfo[i].srcAllocation` that had `pPassInfo[i].operation ==` #VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_MOVE_OPERATION_DESTROY
+  will be freed.
+
+If no more moves are possible you can end whole defragmentation.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaEndDefragmentationPass(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaDefragmentationContext VMA_NOT_NULL context,
+    VmaDefragmentationPassMoveInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pPassInfo);
+
+/** \brief Binds buffer to allocation.
+
+Binds specified buffer to region of memory represented by specified allocation.
+Gets `VkDeviceMemory` handle and offset from the allocation.
+If you want to create a buffer, allocate memory for it and bind them together separately,
+you should use this function for binding instead of standard `vkBindBufferMemory()`,
+because it ensures proper synchronization so that when a `VkDeviceMemory` object is used by multiple
+allocations, calls to `vkBind*Memory()` or `vkMapMemory()` won't happen from multiple threads simultaneously
+(which is illegal in Vulkan).
+
+It is recommended to use function vmaCreateBuffer() instead of this one.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBindBufferMemory(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
+    VkBuffer VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE buffer);
+
+/** \brief Binds buffer to allocation with additional parameters.
+
+\param allocator
+\param allocation
+\param allocationLocalOffset Additional offset to be added while binding, relative to the beginning of the `allocation`. Normally it should be 0.
+\param buffer
+\param pNext A chain of structures to be attached to `VkBindBufferMemoryInfoKHR` structure used internally. Normally it should be null.
+
+This function is similar to vmaBindBufferMemory(), but it provides additional parameters.
+
+If `pNext` is not null, #VmaAllocator object must have been created with #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_BIND_MEMORY2_BIT flag
+or with VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::vulkanApiVersion `>= VK_API_VERSION_1_1`. Otherwise the call fails.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBindBufferMemory2(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
+    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
+    VkBuffer VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE buffer,
+    const void* VMA_NULLABLE pNext);
+
+/** \brief Binds image to allocation.
+
+Binds specified image to region of memory represented by specified allocation.
+Gets `VkDeviceMemory` handle and offset from the allocation.
+If you want to create an image, allocate memory for it and bind them together separately,
+you should use this function for binding instead of standard `vkBindImageMemory()`,
+because it ensures proper synchronization so that when a `VkDeviceMemory` object is used by multiple
+allocations, calls to `vkBind*Memory()` or `vkMapMemory()` won't happen from multiple threads simultaneously
+(which is illegal in Vulkan).
+
+It is recommended to use function vmaCreateImage() instead of this one.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBindImageMemory(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
+    VkImage VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE image);
+
+/** \brief Binds image to allocation with additional parameters.
+
+\param allocator
+\param allocation
+\param allocationLocalOffset Additional offset to be added while binding, relative to the beginning of the `allocation`. Normally it should be 0.
+\param image
+\param pNext A chain of structures to be attached to `VkBindImageMemoryInfoKHR` structure used internally. Normally it should be null.
+
+This function is similar to vmaBindImageMemory(), but it provides additional parameters.
+
+If `pNext` is not null, #VmaAllocator object must have been created with #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_BIND_MEMORY2_BIT flag
+or with VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::vulkanApiVersion `>= VK_API_VERSION_1_1`. Otherwise the call fails.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBindImageMemory2(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
+    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
+    VkImage VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE image,
+    const void* VMA_NULLABLE pNext);
+
+/** \brief Creates a new `VkBuffer`, allocates and binds memory for it.
+
+\param allocator
+\param pBufferCreateInfo
+\param pAllocationCreateInfo
+\param[out] pBuffer Buffer that was created.
+\param[out] pAllocation Allocation that was created.
+\param[out] pAllocationInfo Optional. Information about allocated memory. It can be later fetched using function vmaGetAllocationInfo().
+
+This function automatically:
+
+-# Creates buffer.
+-# Allocates appropriate memory for it.
+-# Binds the buffer with the memory.
+
+If any of these operations fail, buffer and allocation are not created,
+returned value is negative error code, `*pBuffer` and `*pAllocation` are null.
+
+If the function succeeded, you must destroy both buffer and allocation when you
+no longer need them using either convenience function vmaDestroyBuffer() or
+separately, using `vkDestroyBuffer()` and vmaFreeMemory().
+
+If #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT flag was used,
+VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation extension is used internally to query driver whether
+it requires or prefers the new buffer to have dedicated allocation. If yes,
+and if dedicated allocation is possible
+(#VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT is not used), it creates dedicated
+allocation for this buffer, just like when using
+#VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT.
+
+\note This function creates a new `VkBuffer`. Sub-allocation of parts of one large buffer,
+although recommended as a good practice, is out of scope of this library and could be implemented
+by the user as a higher-level logic on top of VMA.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateBuffer(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    const VkBufferCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pBufferCreateInfo,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocationCreateInfo,
+    VkBuffer VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pBuffer,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocation,
+    VmaAllocationInfo* VMA_NULLABLE pAllocationInfo);
+
+/** \brief Creates a buffer with additional minimum alignment.
+
+Similar to vmaCreateBuffer() but provides additional parameter `minAlignment` which allows to specify custom,
+minimum alignment to be used when placing the buffer inside a larger memory block, which may be needed e.g.
+for interop with OpenGL.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateBufferWithAlignment(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    const VkBufferCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pBufferCreateInfo,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocationCreateInfo,
+    VkDeviceSize minAlignment,
+    VkBuffer VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pBuffer,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocation,
+    VmaAllocationInfo* VMA_NULLABLE pAllocationInfo);
+
+/** \brief Creates a new `VkBuffer`, binds already created memory for it.
+
+\param allocator
+\param allocation Allocation that provides memory to be used for binding new buffer to it.
+\param pBufferCreateInfo
+\param[out] pBuffer Buffer that was created.
+
+This function automatically:
+
+-# Creates buffer.
+-# Binds the buffer with the supplied memory.
+
+If any of these operations fail, buffer is not created,
+returned value is negative error code and `*pBuffer` is null.
+
+If the function succeeded, you must destroy the buffer when you
+no longer need it using `vkDestroyBuffer()`. If you want to also destroy the corresponding
+allocation you can use convenience function vmaDestroyBuffer().
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateAliasingBuffer(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
+    const VkBufferCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pBufferCreateInfo,
+    VkBuffer VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pBuffer);
+
+/** \brief Destroys Vulkan buffer and frees allocated memory.
+
+This is just a convenience function equivalent to:
+
+\code
+vkDestroyBuffer(device, buffer, allocationCallbacks);
+vmaFreeMemory(allocator, allocation);
+\endcode
+
+It it safe to pass null as buffer and/or allocation.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaDestroyBuffer(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VkBuffer VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE buffer,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE allocation);
+
+/// Function similar to vmaCreateBuffer().
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateImage(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    const VkImageCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pImageCreateInfo,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocationCreateInfo,
+    VkImage VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pImage,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocation,
+    VmaAllocationInfo* VMA_NULLABLE pAllocationInfo);
+
+/// Function similar to vmaCreateAliasingBuffer().
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateAliasingImage(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
+    const VkImageCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pImageCreateInfo,
+    VkImage VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pImage);
+
+/** \brief Destroys Vulkan image and frees allocated memory.
+
+This is just a convenience function equivalent to:
+
+\code
+vkDestroyImage(device, image, allocationCallbacks);
+vmaFreeMemory(allocator, allocation);
+\endcode
+
+It it safe to pass null as image and/or allocation.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaDestroyImage(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VkImage VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE image,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE allocation);
+
+/** @} */
+
+/**
+\addtogroup group_virtual
+@{
+*/
+
+/** \brief Creates new #VmaVirtualBlock object.
+
+\param pCreateInfo Parameters for creation.
+\param[out] pVirtualBlock Returned virtual block object or `VMA_NULL` if creation failed.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateVirtualBlock(
+    const VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pCreateInfo,
+    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pVirtualBlock);
+
+/** \brief Destroys #VmaVirtualBlock object.
+
+Please note that you should consciously handle virtual allocations that could remain unfreed in the block.
+You should either free them individually using vmaVirtualFree() or call vmaClearVirtualBlock()
+if you are sure this is what you want. If you do neither, an assert is called.
+
+If you keep pointers to some additional metadata associated with your virtual allocations in their `pUserData`,
+don't forget to free them.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaDestroyVirtualBlock(
+    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NULLABLE virtualBlock);
+
+/** \brief Returns true of the #VmaVirtualBlock is empty - contains 0 virtual allocations and has all its space available for new allocations.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkBool32 VMA_CALL_POST vmaIsVirtualBlockEmpty(
+    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock);
+
+/** \brief Returns information about a specific virtual allocation within a virtual block, like its size and `pUserData` pointer.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetVirtualAllocationInfo(
+    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
+    VmaVirtualAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE allocation, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pVirtualAllocInfo);
+
+/** \brief Allocates new virtual allocation inside given #VmaVirtualBlock.
+
+If the allocation fails due to not enough free space available, `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY` is returned
+(despite the function doesn't ever allocate actual GPU memory).
+`pAllocation` is then set to `VK_NULL_HANDLE` and `pOffset`, if not null, it set to `UINT64_MAX`.
+
+\param virtualBlock Virtual block
+\param pCreateInfo Parameters for the allocation
+\param[out] pAllocation Returned handle of the new allocation
+\param[out] pOffset Returned offset of the new allocation. Optional, can be null.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaVirtualAllocate(
+    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
+    const VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pCreateInfo,
+    VmaVirtualAllocation VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocation,
+    VkDeviceSize* VMA_NULLABLE pOffset);
+
+/** \brief Frees virtual allocation inside given #VmaVirtualBlock.
+
+It is correct to call this function with `allocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE` - it does nothing.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaVirtualFree(
+    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
+    VmaVirtualAllocation VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE allocation);
+
+/** \brief Frees all virtual allocations inside given #VmaVirtualBlock.
+
+You must either call this function or free each virtual allocation individually with vmaVirtualFree()
+before destroying a virtual block. Otherwise, an assert is called.
+
+If you keep pointer to some additional metadata associated with your virtual allocation in its `pUserData`,
+don't forget to free it as well.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaClearVirtualBlock(
+    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock);
+
+/** \brief Changes custom pointer associated with given virtual allocation.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaSetVirtualAllocationUserData(
+    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
+    VmaVirtualAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE allocation,
+    void* VMA_NULLABLE pUserData);
+
+/** \brief Calculates and returns statistics about virtual allocations and memory usage in given #VmaVirtualBlock.
+
+This function is fast to call. For more detailed statistics, see vmaCalculateVirtualBlockStatistics().
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetVirtualBlockStatistics(
+    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
+    VmaStatistics* VMA_NOT_NULL pStats);
+
+/** \brief Calculates and returns detailed statistics about virtual allocations and memory usage in given #VmaVirtualBlock.
+
+This function is slow to call. Use for debugging purposes.
+For less detailed statistics, see vmaGetVirtualBlockStatistics().
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaCalculateVirtualBlockStatistics(
+    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
+    VmaDetailedStatistics* VMA_NOT_NULL pStats);
+
+/** @} */
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+/**
+\addtogroup group_stats
+@{
+*/
+
+/** \brief Builds and returns a null-terminated string in JSON format with information about given #VmaVirtualBlock.
+\param virtualBlock Virtual block.
+\param[out] ppStatsString Returned string.
+\param detailedMap Pass `VK_FALSE` to only obtain statistics as returned by vmaCalculateVirtualBlockStatistics(). Pass `VK_TRUE` to also obtain full list of allocations and free spaces.
+
+Returned string must be freed using vmaFreeVirtualBlockStatsString().
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaBuildVirtualBlockStatsString(
+    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
+    char* VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL ppStatsString,
+    VkBool32 detailedMap);
+
+/// Frees a string returned by vmaBuildVirtualBlockStatsString().
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaFreeVirtualBlockStatsString(
+    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
+    char* VMA_NULLABLE pStatsString);
+
+/** \brief Builds and returns statistics as a null-terminated string in JSON format.
+\param allocator
+\param[out] ppStatsString Must be freed using vmaFreeStatsString() function.
+\param detailedMap
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaBuildStatsString(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    char* VMA_NULLABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL ppStatsString,
+    VkBool32 detailedMap);
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaFreeStatsString(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    char* VMA_NULLABLE pStatsString);
+
+/** @} */
+
+#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+
+#endif // _VMA_FUNCTION_HEADERS
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif // AMD_VULKAN_MEMORY_ALLOCATOR_H
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// 
+//    IMPLEMENTATION
+// 
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// For Visual Studio IntelliSense.
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__INTELLISENSE__)
+#define VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
+#endif
+
+#ifdef VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
+#undef VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <utility>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    #include <intrin.h> // For functions like __popcnt, _BitScanForward etc.
+#endif
+#if __cplusplus >= 202002L || _MSVC_LANG >= 202002L // C++20
+    #include <bit> // For std::popcount
+#endif
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+CONFIGURATION SECTION
+
+Define some of these macros before each #include of this header or change them
+here if you need other then default behavior depending on your environment.
+*/
+#ifndef _VMA_CONFIGURATION
+
+/*
+Define this macro to 1 to make the library fetch pointers to Vulkan functions
+internally, like:
+
+    vulkanFunctions.vkAllocateMemory = &vkAllocateMemory;
+*/
+#if !defined(VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS) && !defined(VK_NO_PROTOTYPES)
+    #define VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 1
+#endif
+
+/*
+Define this macro to 1 to make the library fetch pointers to Vulkan functions
+internally, like:
+
+    vulkanFunctions.vkAllocateMemory = (PFN_vkAllocateMemory)vkGetDeviceProcAddr(device, "vkAllocateMemory");
+
+To use this feature in new versions of VMA you now have to pass
+VmaVulkanFunctions::vkGetInstanceProcAddr and vkGetDeviceProcAddr as
+VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pVulkanFunctions. Other members can be null.
+*/
+#if !defined(VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS)
+    #define VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_USE_STL_SHARED_MUTEX
+    // Compiler conforms to C++17.
+    #if __cplusplus >= 201703L
+        #define VMA_USE_STL_SHARED_MUTEX 1
+    // Visual studio defines __cplusplus properly only when passed additional parameter: /Zc:__cplusplus
+    // Otherwise it is always 199711L, despite shared_mutex works since Visual Studio 2015 Update 2.
+    #elif defined(_MSC_FULL_VER) && _MSC_FULL_VER >= 190023918 && __cplusplus == 199711L && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L
+        #define VMA_USE_STL_SHARED_MUTEX 1
+    #else
+        #define VMA_USE_STL_SHARED_MUTEX 0
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+/*
+Define this macro to include custom header files without having to edit this file directly, e.g.:
+
+    // Inside of "my_vma_configuration_user_includes.h":
+
+    #include "my_custom_assert.h" // for MY_CUSTOM_ASSERT
+    #include "my_custom_min.h" // for my_custom_min
+    #include <algorithm>
+    #include <mutex>
+
+    // Inside a different file, which includes "vk_mem_alloc.h":
+
+    #define VMA_CONFIGURATION_USER_INCLUDES_H "my_vma_configuration_user_includes.h"
+    #define VMA_ASSERT(expr) MY_CUSTOM_ASSERT(expr)
+    #define VMA_MIN(v1, v2)  (my_custom_min(v1, v2))
+    #include "vk_mem_alloc.h"
+    ...
+
+The following headers are used in this CONFIGURATION section only, so feel free to
+remove them if not needed.
+*/
+#if !defined(VMA_CONFIGURATION_USER_INCLUDES_H)
+    #include <cassert> // for assert
+    #include <algorithm> // for min, max
+    #include <mutex>
+#else
+    #include VMA_CONFIGURATION_USER_INCLUDES_H
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_NULL
+   // Value used as null pointer. Define it to e.g.: nullptr, NULL, 0, (void*)0.
+   #define VMA_NULL   nullptr
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__ANDROID_API__) && (__ANDROID_API__ < 16)
+#include <cstdlib>
+static void* vma_aligned_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t size)
+{
+    // alignment must be >= sizeof(void*)
+    if(alignment < sizeof(void*))
+    {
+        alignment = sizeof(void*);
+    }
+
+    return memalign(alignment, size);
+}
+#elif defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__ANDROID__) || (defined(__linux__) && defined(__GLIBCXX__) && !defined(_GLIBCXX_HAVE_ALIGNED_ALLOC))
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+#include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
+#endif
+
+static void* vma_aligned_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t size)
+{
+    // Unfortunately, aligned_alloc causes VMA to crash due to it returning null pointers. (At least under 11.4)
+    // Therefore, for now disable this specific exception until a proper solution is found.
+    //#if defined(__APPLE__) && (defined(MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_16) || defined(__IPHONE_14_0))
+    //#if MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_16 || __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= __IPHONE_14_0
+    //    // For C++14, usr/include/malloc/_malloc.h declares aligned_alloc()) only
+    //    // with the MacOSX11.0 SDK in Xcode 12 (which is what adds
+    //    // MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_16), even though the function is marked
+    //    // availabe for 10.15. That is why the preprocessor checks for 10.16 but
+    //    // the __builtin_available checks for 10.15.
+    //    // People who use C++17 could call aligned_alloc with the 10.15 SDK already.
+    //    if (__builtin_available(macOS 10.15, iOS 13, *))
+    //        return aligned_alloc(alignment, size);
+    //#endif
+    //#endif
+
+    // alignment must be >= sizeof(void*)
+    if(alignment < sizeof(void*))
+    {
+        alignment = sizeof(void*);
+    }
+
+    void *pointer;
+    if(posix_memalign(&pointer, alignment, size) == 0)
+        return pointer;
+    return VMA_NULL;
+}
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+static void* vma_aligned_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t size)
+{
+    return _aligned_malloc(size, alignment);
+}
+#else
+static void* vma_aligned_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t size)
+{
+    return aligned_alloc(alignment, size);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+static void vma_aligned_free(void* ptr)
+{
+    _aligned_free(ptr);
+}
+#else
+static void vma_aligned_free(void* VMA_NULLABLE ptr)
+{
+    free(ptr);
+}
+#endif
+
+// If your compiler is not compatible with C++11 and definition of
+// aligned_alloc() function is missing, uncommeting following line may help:
+
+//#include <malloc.h>
+
+// Normal assert to check for programmer's errors, especially in Debug configuration.
+#ifndef VMA_ASSERT
+   #ifdef NDEBUG
+       #define VMA_ASSERT(expr)
+   #else
+       #define VMA_ASSERT(expr)         assert(expr)
+   #endif
+#endif
+
+// Assert that will be called very often, like inside data structures e.g. operator[].
+// Making it non-empty can make program slow.
+#ifndef VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT
+   #ifdef NDEBUG
+       #define VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(expr)
+   #else
+       #define VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(expr)   //VMA_ASSERT(expr)
+   #endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_ALIGN_OF
+   #define VMA_ALIGN_OF(type)       (__alignof(type))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_SYSTEM_ALIGNED_MALLOC
+   #define VMA_SYSTEM_ALIGNED_MALLOC(size, alignment) vma_aligned_alloc((alignment), (size))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_SYSTEM_ALIGNED_FREE
+   // VMA_SYSTEM_FREE is the old name, but might have been defined by the user
+   #if defined(VMA_SYSTEM_FREE)
+      #define VMA_SYSTEM_ALIGNED_FREE(ptr)     VMA_SYSTEM_FREE(ptr)
+   #else
+      #define VMA_SYSTEM_ALIGNED_FREE(ptr)     vma_aligned_free(ptr)
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_COUNT_BITS_SET
+    // Returns number of bits set to 1 in (v)
+    #define VMA_COUNT_BITS_SET(v) VmaCountBitsSet(v)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_BITSCAN_LSB
+    // Scans integer for index of first nonzero value from the Least Significant Bit (LSB). If mask is 0 then returns UINT8_MAX
+    #define VMA_BITSCAN_LSB(mask) VmaBitScanLSB(mask)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_BITSCAN_MSB
+    // Scans integer for index of first nonzero value from the Most Significant Bit (MSB). If mask is 0 then returns UINT8_MAX
+    #define VMA_BITSCAN_MSB(mask) VmaBitScanMSB(mask)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_MIN
+   #define VMA_MIN(v1, v2)    ((std::min)((v1), (v2)))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_MAX
+   #define VMA_MAX(v1, v2)    ((std::max)((v1), (v2)))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_SWAP
+   #define VMA_SWAP(v1, v2)   std::swap((v1), (v2))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_SORT
+   #define VMA_SORT(beg, end, cmp)  std::sort(beg, end, cmp)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_LOG
+   #define VMA_DEBUG_LOG(format, ...)
+   /*
+   #define VMA_DEBUG_LOG(format, ...) do { \
+       printf(format, __VA_ARGS__); \
+       printf("\n"); \
+   } while(false)
+   */
+#endif
+
+// Define this macro to 1 to enable functions: vmaBuildStatsString, vmaFreeStatsString.
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+    static inline void VmaUint32ToStr(char* VMA_NOT_NULL outStr, size_t strLen, uint32_t num)
+    {
+        snprintf(outStr, strLen, "%u", static_cast<unsigned int>(num));
+    }
+    static inline void VmaUint64ToStr(char* VMA_NOT_NULL outStr, size_t strLen, uint64_t num)
+    {
+        snprintf(outStr, strLen, "%llu", static_cast<unsigned long long>(num));
+    }
+    static inline void VmaPtrToStr(char* VMA_NOT_NULL outStr, size_t strLen, const void* ptr)
+    {
+        snprintf(outStr, strLen, "%p", ptr);
+    }
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_MUTEX
+    class VmaMutex
+    {
+    public:
+        void Lock() { m_Mutex.lock(); }
+        void Unlock() { m_Mutex.unlock(); }
+        bool TryLock() { return m_Mutex.try_lock(); }
+    private:
+        std::mutex m_Mutex;
+    };
+    #define VMA_MUTEX VmaMutex
+#endif
+
+// Read-write mutex, where "read" is shared access, "write" is exclusive access.
+#ifndef VMA_RW_MUTEX
+    #if VMA_USE_STL_SHARED_MUTEX
+        // Use std::shared_mutex from C++17.
+        #include <shared_mutex>
+        class VmaRWMutex
+        {
+        public:
+            void LockRead() { m_Mutex.lock_shared(); }
+            void UnlockRead() { m_Mutex.unlock_shared(); }
+            bool TryLockRead() { return m_Mutex.try_lock_shared(); }
+            void LockWrite() { m_Mutex.lock(); }
+            void UnlockWrite() { m_Mutex.unlock(); }
+            bool TryLockWrite() { return m_Mutex.try_lock(); }
+        private:
+            std::shared_mutex m_Mutex;
+        };
+        #define VMA_RW_MUTEX VmaRWMutex
+    #elif defined(_WIN32) && defined(WINVER) && WINVER >= 0x0600
+        // Use SRWLOCK from WinAPI.
+        // Minimum supported client = Windows Vista, server = Windows Server 2008.
+        class VmaRWMutex
+        {
+        public:
+            VmaRWMutex() { InitializeSRWLock(&m_Lock); }
+            void LockRead() { AcquireSRWLockShared(&m_Lock); }
+            void UnlockRead() { ReleaseSRWLockShared(&m_Lock); }
+            bool TryLockRead() { return TryAcquireSRWLockShared(&m_Lock) != FALSE; }
+            void LockWrite() { AcquireSRWLockExclusive(&m_Lock); }
+            void UnlockWrite() { ReleaseSRWLockExclusive(&m_Lock); }
+            bool TryLockWrite() { return TryAcquireSRWLockExclusive(&m_Lock) != FALSE; }
+        private:
+            SRWLOCK m_Lock;
+        };
+        #define VMA_RW_MUTEX VmaRWMutex
+    #else
+        // Less efficient fallback: Use normal mutex.
+        class VmaRWMutex
+        {
+        public:
+            void LockRead() { m_Mutex.Lock(); }
+            void UnlockRead() { m_Mutex.Unlock(); }
+            bool TryLockRead() { return m_Mutex.TryLock(); }
+            void LockWrite() { m_Mutex.Lock(); }
+            void UnlockWrite() { m_Mutex.Unlock(); }
+            bool TryLockWrite() { return m_Mutex.TryLock(); }
+        private:
+            VMA_MUTEX m_Mutex;
+        };
+        #define VMA_RW_MUTEX VmaRWMutex
+    #endif // #if VMA_USE_STL_SHARED_MUTEX
+#endif // #ifndef VMA_RW_MUTEX
+
+/*
+If providing your own implementation, you need to implement a subset of std::atomic.
+*/
+#ifndef VMA_ATOMIC_UINT32
+    #include <atomic>
+    #define VMA_ATOMIC_UINT32 std::atomic<uint32_t>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_ATOMIC_UINT64
+    #include <atomic>
+    #define VMA_ATOMIC_UINT64 std::atomic<uint64_t>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_ALWAYS_DEDICATED_MEMORY
+    /**
+    Every allocation will have its own memory block.
+    Define to 1 for debugging purposes only.
+    */
+    #define VMA_DEBUG_ALWAYS_DEDICATED_MEMORY (0)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT
+    /**
+    Minimum alignment of all allocations, in bytes.
+    Set to more than 1 for debugging purposes. Must be power of two.
+    */
+    #ifdef VMA_DEBUG_ALIGNMENT // Old name
+        #define VMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT VMA_DEBUG_ALIGNMENT
+    #else
+        #define VMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT (1)
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN
+    /**
+    Minimum margin after every allocation, in bytes.
+    Set nonzero for debugging purposes only.
+    */
+    #define VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN (0)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS
+    /**
+    Define this macro to 1 to automatically fill new allocations and destroyed
+    allocations with some bit pattern.
+    */
+    #define VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS (0)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION
+    /**
+    Define this macro to 1 together with non-zero value of VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN to
+    enable writing magic value to the margin after every allocation and
+    validating it, so that memory corruptions (out-of-bounds writes) are detected.
+    */
+    #define VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION (0)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX
+    /**
+    Set this to 1 for debugging purposes only, to enable single mutex protecting all
+    entry calls to the library. Can be useful for debugging multithreading issues.
+    */
+    #define VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX (0)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_MIN_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY
+    /**
+    Minimum value for VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::bufferImageGranularity.
+    Set to more than 1 for debugging purposes only. Must be power of two.
+    */
+    #define VMA_DEBUG_MIN_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY (1)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_DONT_EXCEED_MAX_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_COUNT
+    /*
+    Set this to 1 to make VMA never exceed VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::maxMemoryAllocationCount
+    and return error instead of leaving up to Vulkan implementation what to do in such cases.
+    */
+    #define VMA_DEBUG_DONT_EXCEED_MAX_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_COUNT (0)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_SMALL_HEAP_MAX_SIZE
+   /// Maximum size of a memory heap in Vulkan to consider it "small".
+   #define VMA_SMALL_HEAP_MAX_SIZE (1024ull * 1024 * 1024)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_DEFAULT_LARGE_HEAP_BLOCK_SIZE
+   /// Default size of a block allocated as single VkDeviceMemory from a "large" heap.
+   #define VMA_DEFAULT_LARGE_HEAP_BLOCK_SIZE (256ull * 1024 * 1024)
+#endif
+
+/*
+Mapping hysteresis is a logic that launches when vmaMapMemory/vmaUnmapMemory is called
+or a persistently mapped allocation is created and destroyed several times in a row.
+It keeps additional +1 mapping of a device memory block to prevent calling actual
+vkMapMemory/vkUnmapMemory too many times, which may improve performance and help
+tools like RenderDOc.
+*/
+#ifndef VMA_MAPPING_HYSTERESIS_ENABLED
+    #define VMA_MAPPING_HYSTERESIS_ENABLED 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY
+    #define VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(className) \
+        private: \
+            className(const className&) = delete; \
+            className& operator=(const className&) = delete;
+#endif
+
+#define VMA_VALIDATE(cond) do { if(!(cond)) { \
+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Validation failed: " #cond); \
+        return false; \
+    } } while(false)
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+END OF CONFIGURATION
+*/
+#endif // _VMA_CONFIGURATION
+
+
+static const uint8_t VMA_ALLOCATION_FILL_PATTERN_CREATED = 0xDC;
+static const uint8_t VMA_ALLOCATION_FILL_PATTERN_DESTROYED = 0xEF;
+// Decimal 2139416166, float NaN, little-endian binary 66 E6 84 7F.
+static const uint32_t VMA_CORRUPTION_DETECTION_MAGIC_VALUE = 0x7F84E666;
+
+// Copy of some Vulkan definitions so we don't need to check their existence just to handle few constants.
+static const uint32_t VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_COHERENT_BIT_AMD_COPY = 0x00000040;
+static const uint32_t VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_UNCACHED_BIT_AMD_COPY = 0x00000080;
+static const uint32_t VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT_COPY = 0x00020000;
+static const uint32_t VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT_COPY = 0x00000200;
+static const int32_t VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT_COPY = 1000158000;
+static const uint32_t VMA_ALLOCATION_INTERNAL_STRATEGY_MIN_OFFSET = 0x10000000u;
+static const uint32_t VMA_ALLOCATION_TRY_COUNT = 32;
+static const uint32_t VMA_VENDOR_ID_AMD = 4098;
+
+// This one is tricky. Vulkan specification defines this code as available since
+// Vulkan 1.0, but doesn't actually define it in Vulkan SDK earlier than 1.2.131.
+// See pull request #207.
+#define VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN_COPY ((VkResult)-13)
+
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+// Correspond to values of enum VmaSuballocationType.
+static const char* VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_NAMES[] =
+{
+    "FREE",
+    "UNKNOWN",
+    "BUFFER",
+    "IMAGE_UNKNOWN",
+    "IMAGE_LINEAR",
+    "IMAGE_OPTIMAL",
+};
+#endif
+
+static VkAllocationCallbacks VmaEmptyAllocationCallbacks =
+    { VMA_NULL, VMA_NULL, VMA_NULL, VMA_NULL, VMA_NULL, VMA_NULL };
+
+
+#ifndef _VMA_ENUM_DECLARATIONS
+
+enum VmaSuballocationType
+{
+    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE = 0,
+    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 1,
+    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_BUFFER = 2,
+    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_UNKNOWN = 3,
+    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_LINEAR = 4,
+    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL = 5,
+    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF
+};
+
+enum VMA_CACHE_OPERATION
+{
+    VMA_CACHE_FLUSH,
+    VMA_CACHE_INVALIDATE
+};
+
+enum class VmaAllocationRequestType
+{
+    Normal,
+    TLSF,
+    // Used by "Linear" algorithm.
+    UpperAddress,
+    EndOf1st,
+    EndOf2nd,
+};
+
+#endif // _VMA_ENUM_DECLARATIONS
+
+#ifndef _VMA_FORWARD_DECLARATIONS
+// Opaque handle used by allocation algorithms to identify single allocation in any conforming way.
+VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VmaAllocHandle);
+
+struct VmaMutexLock;
+struct VmaMutexLockRead;
+struct VmaMutexLockWrite;
+
+template<typename T>
+struct AtomicTransactionalIncrement;
+
+template<typename T>
+struct VmaStlAllocator;
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
+class VmaVector;
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT, size_t N>
+class VmaSmallVector;
+
+template<typename T>
+class VmaPoolAllocator;
+
+template<typename T>
+struct VmaListItem;
+
+template<typename T>
+class VmaRawList;
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
+class VmaList;
+
+template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
+class VmaIntrusiveLinkedList;
+
+// Unused in this version
+#if 0
+template<typename T1, typename T2>
+struct VmaPair;
+template<typename FirstT, typename SecondT>
+struct VmaPairFirstLess;
+
+template<typename KeyT, typename ValueT>
+class VmaMap;
+#endif
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+class VmaStringBuilder;
+class VmaJsonWriter;
+#endif
+
+class VmaDeviceMemoryBlock;
+
+struct VmaDedicatedAllocationListItemTraits;
+class VmaDedicatedAllocationList;
+
+struct VmaSuballocation;
+struct VmaSuballocationOffsetLess;
+struct VmaSuballocationOffsetGreater;
+struct VmaSuballocationItemSizeLess;
+
+typedef VmaList<VmaSuballocation, VmaStlAllocator<VmaSuballocation>> VmaSuballocationList;
+
+struct VmaAllocationRequest;
+
+class VmaBlockMetadata;
+class VmaBlockMetadata_Linear;
+class VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF;
+
+class VmaBlockVector;
+
+struct VmaPoolListItemTraits;
+
+struct VmaCurrentBudgetData;
+
+class VmaAllocationObjectAllocator;
+
+#endif // _VMA_FORWARD_DECLARATIONS
+
+
+#ifndef _VMA_FUNCTIONS
+
+/*
+Returns number of bits set to 1 in (v).
+
+On specific platforms and compilers you can use instrinsics like:
+
+Visual Studio:
+    return __popcnt(v);
+GCC, Clang:
+    return static_cast<uint32_t>(__builtin_popcount(v));
+
+Define macro VMA_COUNT_BITS_SET to provide your optimized implementation.
+But you need to check in runtime whether user's CPU supports these, as some old processors don't.
+*/
+static inline uint32_t VmaCountBitsSet(uint32_t v)
+{
+#if __cplusplus >= 202002L || _MSVC_LANG >= 202002L // C++20
+    return std::popcount(v);
+#else
+    uint32_t c = v - ((v >> 1) & 0x55555555);
+    c = ((c >> 2) & 0x33333333) + (c & 0x33333333);
+    c = ((c >> 4) + c) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+    c = ((c >> 8) + c) & 0x00FF00FF;
+    c = ((c >> 16) + c) & 0x0000FFFF;
+    return c;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t VmaBitScanLSB(uint64_t mask)
+{
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_WIN64)
+    unsigned long pos;
+    if (_BitScanForward64(&pos, mask))
+        return static_cast<uint8_t>(pos);
+    return UINT8_MAX;
+#elif defined __GNUC__ || defined __clang__
+    return static_cast<uint8_t>(__builtin_ffsll(mask)) - 1U;
+#else
+    uint8_t pos = 0;
+    uint64_t bit = 1;
+    do
+    {
+        if (mask & bit)
+            return pos;
+        bit <<= 1;
+    } while (pos++ < 63);
+    return UINT8_MAX;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t VmaBitScanLSB(uint32_t mask)
+{
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    unsigned long pos;
+    if (_BitScanForward(&pos, mask))
+        return static_cast<uint8_t>(pos);
+    return UINT8_MAX;
+#elif defined __GNUC__ || defined __clang__
+    return static_cast<uint8_t>(__builtin_ffs(mask)) - 1U;
+#else
+    uint8_t pos = 0;
+    uint32_t bit = 1;
+    do
+    {
+        if (mask & bit)
+            return pos;
+        bit <<= 1;
+    } while (pos++ < 31);
+    return UINT8_MAX;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t VmaBitScanMSB(uint64_t mask)
+{
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_WIN64)
+    unsigned long pos;
+    if (_BitScanReverse64(&pos, mask))
+        return static_cast<uint8_t>(pos);
+#elif defined __GNUC__ || defined __clang__
+    if (mask)
+        return 63 - static_cast<uint8_t>(__builtin_clzll(mask));
+#else
+    uint8_t pos = 63;
+    uint64_t bit = 1ULL << 63;
+    do
+    {
+        if (mask & bit)
+            return pos;
+        bit >>= 1;
+    } while (pos-- > 0);
+#endif
+    return UINT8_MAX;
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t VmaBitScanMSB(uint32_t mask)
+{
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    unsigned long pos;
+    if (_BitScanReverse(&pos, mask))
+        return static_cast<uint8_t>(pos);
+#elif defined __GNUC__ || defined __clang__
+    if (mask)
+        return 31 - static_cast<uint8_t>(__builtin_clz(mask));
+#else
+    uint8_t pos = 31;
+    uint32_t bit = 1UL << 31;
+    do
+    {
+        if (mask & bit)
+            return pos;
+        bit >>= 1;
+    } while (pos-- > 0);
+#endif
+    return UINT8_MAX;
+}
+
+/*
+Returns true if given number is a power of two.
+T must be unsigned integer number or signed integer but always nonnegative.
+For 0 returns true.
+*/
+template <typename T>
+inline bool VmaIsPow2(T x)
+{
+    return (x & (x - 1)) == 0;
+}
+
+// Aligns given value up to nearest multiply of align value. For example: VmaAlignUp(11, 8) = 16.
+// Use types like uint32_t, uint64_t as T.
+template <typename T>
+static inline T VmaAlignUp(T val, T alignment)
+{
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(alignment));
+    return (val + alignment - 1) & ~(alignment - 1);
+}
+
+// Aligns given value down to nearest multiply of align value. For example: VmaAlignUp(11, 8) = 8.
+// Use types like uint32_t, uint64_t as T.
+template <typename T>
+static inline T VmaAlignDown(T val, T alignment)
+{
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(alignment));
+    return val & ~(alignment - 1);
+}
+
+// Division with mathematical rounding to nearest number.
+template <typename T>
+static inline T VmaRoundDiv(T x, T y)
+{
+    return (x + (y / (T)2)) / y;
+}
+
+// Divide by 'y' and round up to nearest integer.
+template <typename T>
+static inline T VmaDivideRoundingUp(T x, T y)
+{
+    return (x + y - (T)1) / y;
+}
+
+// Returns smallest power of 2 greater or equal to v.
+static inline uint32_t VmaNextPow2(uint32_t v)
+{
+    v--;
+    v |= v >> 1;
+    v |= v >> 2;
+    v |= v >> 4;
+    v |= v >> 8;
+    v |= v >> 16;
+    v++;
+    return v;
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t VmaNextPow2(uint64_t v)
+{
+    v--;
+    v |= v >> 1;
+    v |= v >> 2;
+    v |= v >> 4;
+    v |= v >> 8;
+    v |= v >> 16;
+    v |= v >> 32;
+    v++;
+    return v;
+}
+
+// Returns largest power of 2 less or equal to v.
+static inline uint32_t VmaPrevPow2(uint32_t v)
+{
+    v |= v >> 1;
+    v |= v >> 2;
+    v |= v >> 4;
+    v |= v >> 8;
+    v |= v >> 16;
+    v = v ^ (v >> 1);
+    return v;
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t VmaPrevPow2(uint64_t v)
+{
+    v |= v >> 1;
+    v |= v >> 2;
+    v |= v >> 4;
+    v |= v >> 8;
+    v |= v >> 16;
+    v |= v >> 32;
+    v = v ^ (v >> 1);
+    return v;
+}
+
+static inline bool VmaStrIsEmpty(const char* pStr)
+{
+    return pStr == VMA_NULL || *pStr == '\0';
+}
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+static const char* VmaAlgorithmToStr(uint32_t algorithm)
+{
+    switch (algorithm)
+    {
+    case VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT:
+        return "Linear";
+    case 0:
+        return "TLSF";
+    default:
+        VMA_ASSERT(0);
+        return "";
+    }
+}
+#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+
+#ifndef VMA_SORT
+template<typename Iterator, typename Compare>
+Iterator VmaQuickSortPartition(Iterator beg, Iterator end, Compare cmp)
+{
+    Iterator centerValue = end; --centerValue;
+    Iterator insertIndex = beg;
+    for (Iterator memTypeIndex = beg; memTypeIndex < centerValue; ++memTypeIndex)
+    {
+        if (cmp(*memTypeIndex, *centerValue))
+        {
+            if (insertIndex != memTypeIndex)
+            {
+                VMA_SWAP(*memTypeIndex, *insertIndex);
+            }
+            ++insertIndex;
+        }
+    }
+    if (insertIndex != centerValue)
+    {
+        VMA_SWAP(*insertIndex, *centerValue);
+    }
+    return insertIndex;
+}
+
+template<typename Iterator, typename Compare>
+void VmaQuickSort(Iterator beg, Iterator end, Compare cmp)
+{
+    if (beg < end)
+    {
+        Iterator it = VmaQuickSortPartition<Iterator, Compare>(beg, end, cmp);
+        VmaQuickSort<Iterator, Compare>(beg, it, cmp);
+        VmaQuickSort<Iterator, Compare>(it + 1, end, cmp);
+    }
+}
+
+#define VMA_SORT(beg, end, cmp) VmaQuickSort(beg, end, cmp)
+#endif // VMA_SORT
+
+/*
+Returns true if two memory blocks occupy overlapping pages.
+ResourceA must be in less memory offset than ResourceB.
+
+Algorithm is based on "Vulkan 1.0.39 - A Specification (with all registered Vulkan extensions)"
+chapter 11.6 "Resource Memory Association", paragraph "Buffer-Image Granularity".
+*/
+static inline bool VmaBlocksOnSamePage(
+    VkDeviceSize resourceAOffset,
+    VkDeviceSize resourceASize,
+    VkDeviceSize resourceBOffset,
+    VkDeviceSize pageSize)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(resourceAOffset + resourceASize <= resourceBOffset && resourceASize > 0 && pageSize > 0);
+    VkDeviceSize resourceAEnd = resourceAOffset + resourceASize - 1;
+    VkDeviceSize resourceAEndPage = resourceAEnd & ~(pageSize - 1);
+    VkDeviceSize resourceBStart = resourceBOffset;
+    VkDeviceSize resourceBStartPage = resourceBStart & ~(pageSize - 1);
+    return resourceAEndPage == resourceBStartPage;
+}
+
+/*
+Returns true if given suballocation types could conflict and must respect
+VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::bufferImageGranularity. They conflict if one is buffer
+or linear image and another one is optimal image. If type is unknown, behave
+conservatively.
+*/
+static inline bool VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(
+    VmaSuballocationType suballocType1,
+    VmaSuballocationType suballocType2)
+{
+    if (suballocType1 > suballocType2)
+    {
+        VMA_SWAP(suballocType1, suballocType2);
+    }
+
+    switch (suballocType1)
+    {
+    case VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE:
+        return false;
+    case VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN:
+        return true;
+    case VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_BUFFER:
+        return
+            suballocType2 == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_UNKNOWN ||
+            suballocType2 == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL;
+    case VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_UNKNOWN:
+        return
+            suballocType2 == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_UNKNOWN ||
+            suballocType2 == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_LINEAR ||
+            suballocType2 == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL;
+    case VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_LINEAR:
+        return
+            suballocType2 == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL;
+    case VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL:
+        return false;
+    default:
+        VMA_ASSERT(0);
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
+static void VmaWriteMagicValue(void* pData, VkDeviceSize offset)
+{
+#if VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > 0 && VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION
+    uint32_t* pDst = (uint32_t*)((char*)pData + offset);
+    const size_t numberCount = VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN / sizeof(uint32_t);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < numberCount; ++i, ++pDst)
+    {
+        *pDst = VMA_CORRUPTION_DETECTION_MAGIC_VALUE;
+    }
+#else
+    // no-op
+#endif
+}
+
+static bool VmaValidateMagicValue(const void* pData, VkDeviceSize offset)
+{
+#if VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > 0 && VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION
+    const uint32_t* pSrc = (const uint32_t*)((const char*)pData + offset);
+    const size_t numberCount = VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN / sizeof(uint32_t);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < numberCount; ++i, ++pSrc)
+    {
+        if (*pSrc != VMA_CORRUPTION_DETECTION_MAGIC_VALUE)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*
+Fills structure with parameters of an example buffer to be used for transfers
+during GPU memory defragmentation.
+*/
+static void VmaFillGpuDefragmentationBufferCreateInfo(VkBufferCreateInfo& outBufCreateInfo)
+{
+    memset(&outBufCreateInfo, 0, sizeof(outBufCreateInfo));
+    outBufCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
+    outBufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
+    outBufCreateInfo.size = (VkDeviceSize)VMA_DEFAULT_LARGE_HEAP_BLOCK_SIZE; // Example size.
+}
+
+
+/*
+Performs binary search and returns iterator to first element that is greater or
+equal to (key), according to comparison (cmp).
+
+Cmp should return true if first argument is less than second argument.
+
+Returned value is the found element, if present in the collection or place where
+new element with value (key) should be inserted.
+*/
+template <typename CmpLess, typename IterT, typename KeyT>
+static IterT VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(IterT beg, IterT end, const KeyT& key, const CmpLess& cmp)
+{
+    size_t down = 0, up = (end - beg);
+    while (down < up)
+    {
+        const size_t mid = down + (up - down) / 2;  // Overflow-safe midpoint calculation
+        if (cmp(*(beg + mid), key))
+        {
+            down = mid + 1;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            up = mid;
+        }
+    }
+    return beg + down;
+}
+
+template<typename CmpLess, typename IterT, typename KeyT>
+IterT VmaBinaryFindSorted(const IterT& beg, const IterT& end, const KeyT& value, const CmpLess& cmp)
+{
+    IterT it = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess<CmpLess, IterT, KeyT>(
+        beg, end, value, cmp);
+    if (it == end ||
+        (!cmp(*it, value) && !cmp(value, *it)))
+    {
+        return it;
+    }
+    return end;
+}
+
+/*
+Returns true if all pointers in the array are not-null and unique.
+Warning! O(n^2) complexity. Use only inside VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT.
+T must be pointer type, e.g. VmaAllocation, VmaPool.
+*/
+template<typename T>
+static bool VmaValidatePointerArray(uint32_t count, const T* arr)
+{
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i)
+    {
+        const T iPtr = arr[i];
+        if (iPtr == VMA_NULL)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (uint32_t j = i + 1; j < count; ++j)
+        {
+            if (iPtr == arr[j])
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+template<typename MainT, typename NewT>
+static inline void VmaPnextChainPushFront(MainT* mainStruct, NewT* newStruct)
+{
+    newStruct->pNext = mainStruct->pNext;
+    mainStruct->pNext = newStruct;
+}
+
+// This is the main algorithm that guides the selection of a memory type best for an allocation -
+// converts usage to required/preferred/not preferred flags.
+static bool FindMemoryPreferences(
+    bool isIntegratedGPU,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& allocCreateInfo,
+    VkFlags bufImgUsage, // VkBufferCreateInfo::usage or VkImageCreateInfo::usage. UINT32_MAX if unknown.
+    VkMemoryPropertyFlags& outRequiredFlags,
+    VkMemoryPropertyFlags& outPreferredFlags,
+    VkMemoryPropertyFlags& outNotPreferredFlags)
+{
+    outRequiredFlags = allocCreateInfo.requiredFlags;
+    outPreferredFlags = allocCreateInfo.preferredFlags;
+    outNotPreferredFlags = 0;
+
+    switch(allocCreateInfo.usage)
+    {
+    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_UNKNOWN:
+        break;
+    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY:
+        if(!isIntegratedGPU || (outPreferredFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) == 0)
+        {
+            outPreferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
+        }
+        break;
+    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY:
+        outRequiredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT;
+        break;
+    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU:
+        outRequiredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT;
+        if(!isIntegratedGPU || (outPreferredFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) == 0)
+        {
+            outPreferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
+        }
+        break;
+    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_TO_CPU:
+        outRequiredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT;
+        outPreferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT;
+        break;
+    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_COPY:
+        outNotPreferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
+        break;
+    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_LAZILY_ALLOCATED:
+        outRequiredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT;
+        break;
+    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO:
+    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_DEVICE:
+    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_HOST:
+    {
+        if(bufImgUsage == UINT32_MAX)
+        {
+            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO* values can only be used with functions like vmaCreateBuffer, vmaCreateImage so that the details of the created resource are known.");
+            return false;
+        }
+        // This relies on values of VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER* being the same VK_BUFFER_IMAGE_TRANSFER*.
+        const bool deviceAccess = (bufImgUsage & ~(VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT)) != 0;
+        const bool hostAccessSequentialWrite = (allocCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT) != 0;
+        const bool hostAccessRandom = (allocCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT) != 0;
+        const bool hostAccessAllowTransferInstead = (allocCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_ALLOW_TRANSFER_INSTEAD_BIT) != 0;
+        const bool preferDevice = allocCreateInfo.usage == VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_DEVICE;
+        const bool preferHost = allocCreateInfo.usage == VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_HOST;
+
+        // CPU random access - e.g. a buffer written to or transferred from GPU to read back on CPU.
+        if(hostAccessRandom)
+        {
+            if(!isIntegratedGPU && deviceAccess && hostAccessAllowTransferInstead && !preferHost)
+            {
+                // Nice if it will end up in HOST_VISIBLE, but more importantly prefer DEVICE_LOCAL.
+                // Omitting HOST_VISIBLE here is intentional.
+                // In case there is DEVICE_LOCAL | HOST_VISIBLE | HOST_CACHED, it will pick that one.
+                // Otherwise, this will give same weight to DEVICE_LOCAL as HOST_VISIBLE | HOST_CACHED and select the former if occurs first on the list.
+                outPreferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Always CPU memory, cached.
+                outRequiredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT;
+            }
+        }
+        // CPU sequential write - may be CPU or host-visible GPU memory, uncached and write-combined.
+        else if(hostAccessSequentialWrite)
+        {
+            // Want uncached and write-combined.
+            outNotPreferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT;
+
+            if(!isIntegratedGPU && deviceAccess && hostAccessAllowTransferInstead && !preferHost)
+            {
+                outPreferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                outRequiredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT;
+                // Direct GPU access, CPU sequential write (e.g. a dynamic uniform buffer updated every frame)
+                if(deviceAccess)
+                {
+                    // Could go to CPU memory or GPU BAR/unified. Up to the user to decide. If no preference, choose GPU memory.
+                    if(preferHost)
+                        outNotPreferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
+                    else
+                        outPreferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
+                }
+                // GPU no direct access, CPU sequential write (e.g. an upload buffer to be transferred to the GPU)
+                else
+                {
+                    // Could go to CPU memory or GPU BAR/unified. Up to the user to decide. If no preference, choose CPU memory.
+                    if(preferDevice)
+                        outPreferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
+                    else
+                        outNotPreferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // No CPU access
+        else
+        {
+            // GPU access, no CPU access (e.g. a color attachment image) - prefer GPU memory
+            if(deviceAccess)
+            {
+                // ...unless there is a clear preference from the user not to do so.
+                if(preferHost)
+                    outNotPreferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
+                else
+                    outPreferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
+            }
+            // No direct GPU access, no CPU access, just transfers.
+            // It may be staging copy intended for e.g. preserving image for next frame (then better GPU memory) or
+            // a "swap file" copy to free some GPU memory (then better CPU memory).
+            // Up to the user to decide. If no preferece, assume the former and choose GPU memory.
+            if(preferHost)
+                outNotPreferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
+            else
+                outPreferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    default:
+        VMA_ASSERT(0);
+    }
+
+    // Avoid DEVICE_COHERENT unless explicitly requested.
+    if(((allocCreateInfo.requiredFlags | allocCreateInfo.preferredFlags) &
+        (VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_COHERENT_BIT_AMD_COPY | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_UNCACHED_BIT_AMD_COPY)) == 0)
+    {
+        outNotPreferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_UNCACHED_BIT_AMD_COPY;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Memory allocation
+
+static void* VmaMalloc(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, size_t size, size_t alignment)
+{
+    void* result = VMA_NULL;
+    if ((pAllocationCallbacks != VMA_NULL) &&
+        (pAllocationCallbacks->pfnAllocation != VMA_NULL))
+    {
+        result = (*pAllocationCallbacks->pfnAllocation)(
+            pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData,
+            size,
+            alignment,
+            VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_OBJECT);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = VMA_SYSTEM_ALIGNED_MALLOC(size, alignment);
+    }
+    VMA_ASSERT(result != VMA_NULL && "CPU memory allocation failed.");
+    return result;
+}
+
+static void VmaFree(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, void* ptr)
+{
+    if ((pAllocationCallbacks != VMA_NULL) &&
+        (pAllocationCallbacks->pfnFree != VMA_NULL))
+    {
+        (*pAllocationCallbacks->pfnFree)(pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData, ptr);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        VMA_SYSTEM_ALIGNED_FREE(ptr);
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static T* VmaAllocate(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+{
+    return (T*)VmaMalloc(pAllocationCallbacks, sizeof(T), VMA_ALIGN_OF(T));
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static T* VmaAllocateArray(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, size_t count)
+{
+    return (T*)VmaMalloc(pAllocationCallbacks, sizeof(T) * count, VMA_ALIGN_OF(T));
+}
+
+#define vma_new(allocator, type)   new(VmaAllocate<type>(allocator))(type)
+
+#define vma_new_array(allocator, type, count)   new(VmaAllocateArray<type>((allocator), (count)))(type)
+
+template<typename T>
+static void vma_delete(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, T* ptr)
+{
+    ptr->~T();
+    VmaFree(pAllocationCallbacks, ptr);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static void vma_delete_array(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, T* ptr, size_t count)
+{
+    if (ptr != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        for (size_t i = count; i--; )
+        {
+            ptr[i].~T();
+        }
+        VmaFree(pAllocationCallbacks, ptr);
+    }
+}
+
+static char* VmaCreateStringCopy(const VkAllocationCallbacks* allocs, const char* srcStr)
+{
+    if (srcStr != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        const size_t len = strlen(srcStr);
+        char* const result = vma_new_array(allocs, char, len + 1);
+        memcpy(result, srcStr, len + 1);
+        return result;
+    }
+    return VMA_NULL;
+}
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+static char* VmaCreateStringCopy(const VkAllocationCallbacks* allocs, const char* srcStr, size_t strLen)
+{
+    if (srcStr != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        char* const result = vma_new_array(allocs, char, strLen + 1);
+        memcpy(result, srcStr, strLen);
+        result[strLen] = '\0';
+        return result;
+    }
+    return VMA_NULL;
+}
+#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+
+static void VmaFreeString(const VkAllocationCallbacks* allocs, char* str)
+{
+    if (str != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        const size_t len = strlen(str);
+        vma_delete_array(allocs, str, len + 1);
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename CmpLess, typename VectorT>
+size_t VmaVectorInsertSorted(VectorT& vector, const typename VectorT::value_type& value)
+{
+    const size_t indexToInsert = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(
+        vector.data(),
+        vector.data() + vector.size(),
+        value,
+        CmpLess()) - vector.data();
+    VmaVectorInsert(vector, indexToInsert, value);
+    return indexToInsert;
+}
+
+template<typename CmpLess, typename VectorT>
+bool VmaVectorRemoveSorted(VectorT& vector, const typename VectorT::value_type& value)
+{
+    CmpLess comparator;
+    typename VectorT::iterator it = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(
+        vector.begin(),
+        vector.end(),
+        value,
+        comparator);
+    if ((it != vector.end()) && !comparator(*it, value) && !comparator(value, *it))
+    {
+        size_t indexToRemove = it - vector.begin();
+        VmaVectorRemove(vector, indexToRemove);
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+#endif // _VMA_FUNCTIONS
+
+#ifndef _VMA_STATISTICS_FUNCTIONS
+
+static void VmaClearStatistics(VmaStatistics& outStats)
+{
+    outStats.blockCount = 0;
+    outStats.allocationCount = 0;
+    outStats.blockBytes = 0;
+    outStats.allocationBytes = 0;
+}
+
+static void VmaAddStatistics(VmaStatistics& inoutStats, const VmaStatistics& src)
+{
+    inoutStats.blockCount += src.blockCount;
+    inoutStats.allocationCount += src.allocationCount;
+    inoutStats.blockBytes += src.blockBytes;
+    inoutStats.allocationBytes += src.allocationBytes;
+}
+
+static void VmaClearDetailedStatistics(VmaDetailedStatistics& outStats)
+{
+    VmaClearStatistics(outStats.statistics);
+    outStats.unusedRangeCount = 0;
+    outStats.allocationSizeMin = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;
+    outStats.allocationSizeMax = 0;
+    outStats.unusedRangeSizeMin = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;
+    outStats.unusedRangeSizeMax = 0;
+}
+
+static void VmaAddDetailedStatisticsAllocation(VmaDetailedStatistics& inoutStats, VkDeviceSize size)
+{
+    inoutStats.statistics.allocationCount++;
+    inoutStats.statistics.allocationBytes += size;
+    inoutStats.allocationSizeMin = VMA_MIN(inoutStats.allocationSizeMin, size);
+    inoutStats.allocationSizeMax = VMA_MAX(inoutStats.allocationSizeMax, size);
+}
+
+static void VmaAddDetailedStatisticsUnusedRange(VmaDetailedStatistics& inoutStats, VkDeviceSize size)
+{
+    inoutStats.unusedRangeCount++;
+    inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMin = VMA_MIN(inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMin, size);
+    inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MAX(inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax, size);
+}
+
+static void VmaAddDetailedStatistics(VmaDetailedStatistics& inoutStats, const VmaDetailedStatistics& src)
+{
+    VmaAddStatistics(inoutStats.statistics, src.statistics);
+    inoutStats.unusedRangeCount += src.unusedRangeCount;
+    inoutStats.allocationSizeMin = VMA_MIN(inoutStats.allocationSizeMin, src.allocationSizeMin);
+    inoutStats.allocationSizeMax = VMA_MAX(inoutStats.allocationSizeMax, src.allocationSizeMax);
+    inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMin = VMA_MIN(inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMin, src.unusedRangeSizeMin);
+    inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MAX(inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax, src.unusedRangeSizeMax);
+}
+
+#endif // _VMA_STATISTICS_FUNCTIONS
+
+#ifndef _VMA_MUTEX_LOCK
+// Helper RAII class to lock a mutex in constructor and unlock it in destructor (at the end of scope).
+struct VmaMutexLock
+{
+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaMutexLock)
+public:
+    VmaMutexLock(VMA_MUTEX& mutex, bool useMutex = true) :
+        m_pMutex(useMutex ? &mutex : VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        if (m_pMutex) { m_pMutex->Lock(); }
+    }
+    ~VmaMutexLock() {  if (m_pMutex) { m_pMutex->Unlock(); } }
+
+private:
+    VMA_MUTEX* m_pMutex;
+};
+
+// Helper RAII class to lock a RW mutex in constructor and unlock it in destructor (at the end of scope), for reading.
+struct VmaMutexLockRead
+{
+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaMutexLockRead)
+public:
+    VmaMutexLockRead(VMA_RW_MUTEX& mutex, bool useMutex) :
+        m_pMutex(useMutex ? &mutex : VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        if (m_pMutex) { m_pMutex->LockRead(); }
+    }
+    ~VmaMutexLockRead() { if (m_pMutex) { m_pMutex->UnlockRead(); } }
+
+private:
+    VMA_RW_MUTEX* m_pMutex;
+};
+
+// Helper RAII class to lock a RW mutex in constructor and unlock it in destructor (at the end of scope), for writing.
+struct VmaMutexLockWrite
+{
+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaMutexLockWrite)
+public:
+    VmaMutexLockWrite(VMA_RW_MUTEX& mutex, bool useMutex)
+        : m_pMutex(useMutex ? &mutex : VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        if (m_pMutex) { m_pMutex->LockWrite(); }
+    }
+    ~VmaMutexLockWrite() { if (m_pMutex) { m_pMutex->UnlockWrite(); } }
+
+private:
+    VMA_RW_MUTEX* m_pMutex;
+};
+
+#if VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX
+    static VMA_MUTEX gDebugGlobalMutex;
+    #define VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK VmaMutexLock debugGlobalMutexLock(gDebugGlobalMutex, true);
+#else
+    #define VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+#endif
+#endif // _VMA_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+#ifndef _VMA_ATOMIC_TRANSACTIONAL_INCREMENT
+// An object that increments given atomic but decrements it back in the destructor unless Commit() is called.
+template<typename T>
+struct AtomicTransactionalIncrement
+{
+public:
+    typedef std::atomic<T> AtomicT;
+
+    ~AtomicTransactionalIncrement()
+    {
+        if(m_Atomic)
+            --(*m_Atomic);
+    }
+
+    void Commit() { m_Atomic = nullptr; }
+    T Increment(AtomicT* atomic)
+    {
+        m_Atomic = atomic;
+        return m_Atomic->fetch_add(1);
+    }
+
+private:
+    AtomicT* m_Atomic = nullptr;
+};
+#endif // _VMA_ATOMIC_TRANSACTIONAL_INCREMENT
+
+#ifndef _VMA_STL_ALLOCATOR
+// STL-compatible allocator.
+template<typename T>
+struct VmaStlAllocator
+{
+    const VkAllocationCallbacks* const m_pCallbacks;
+    typedef T value_type;
+
+    VmaStlAllocator(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pCallbacks) : m_pCallbacks(pCallbacks) {}
+    template<typename U>
+    VmaStlAllocator(const VmaStlAllocator<U>& src) : m_pCallbacks(src.m_pCallbacks) {}
+    VmaStlAllocator(const VmaStlAllocator&) = default;
+    VmaStlAllocator& operator=(const VmaStlAllocator&) = delete;
+
+    T* allocate(size_t n) { return VmaAllocateArray<T>(m_pCallbacks, n); }
+    void deallocate(T* p, size_t n) { VmaFree(m_pCallbacks, p); }
+
+    template<typename U>
+    bool operator==(const VmaStlAllocator<U>& rhs) const
+    {
+        return m_pCallbacks == rhs.m_pCallbacks;
+    }
+    template<typename U>
+    bool operator!=(const VmaStlAllocator<U>& rhs) const
+    {
+        return m_pCallbacks != rhs.m_pCallbacks;
+    }
+};
+#endif // _VMA_STL_ALLOCATOR
+
+#ifndef _VMA_VECTOR
+/* Class with interface compatible with subset of std::vector.
+T must be POD because constructors and destructors are not called and memcpy is
+used for these objects. */
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
+class VmaVector
+{
+public:
+    typedef T value_type;
+    typedef T* iterator;
+    typedef const T* const_iterator;
+
+    VmaVector(const AllocatorT& allocator);
+    VmaVector(size_t count, const AllocatorT& allocator);
+    // This version of the constructor is here for compatibility with pre-C++14 std::vector.
+    // value is unused.
+    VmaVector(size_t count, const T& value, const AllocatorT& allocator) : VmaVector(count, allocator) {}
+    VmaVector(const VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>& src);
+    VmaVector& operator=(const VmaVector& rhs);
+    ~VmaVector() { VmaFree(m_Allocator.m_pCallbacks, m_pArray); }
+
+    bool empty() const { return m_Count == 0; }
+    size_t size() const { return m_Count; }
+    T* data() { return m_pArray; }
+    T& front() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); return m_pArray[0]; }
+    T& back() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); return m_pArray[m_Count - 1]; }
+    const T* data() const { return m_pArray; }
+    const T& front() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); return m_pArray[0]; }
+    const T& back() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); return m_pArray[m_Count - 1]; }
+
+    iterator begin() { return m_pArray; }
+    iterator end() { return m_pArray + m_Count; }
+    const_iterator cbegin() const { return m_pArray; }
+    const_iterator cend() const { return m_pArray + m_Count; }
+    const_iterator begin() const { return cbegin(); }
+    const_iterator end() const { return cend(); }
+
+    void pop_front() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); remove(0); }
+    void pop_back() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); resize(size() - 1); }
+    void push_front(const T& src) { insert(0, src); }
+
+    void push_back(const T& src);
+    void reserve(size_t newCapacity, bool freeMemory = false);
+    void resize(size_t newCount);
+    void clear() { resize(0); }
+    void shrink_to_fit();
+    void insert(size_t index, const T& src);
+    void remove(size_t index);
+
+    T& operator[](size_t index) { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(index < m_Count); return m_pArray[index]; }
+    const T& operator[](size_t index) const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(index < m_Count); return m_pArray[index]; }
+
+private:
+    AllocatorT m_Allocator;
+    T* m_pArray;
+    size_t m_Count;
+    size_t m_Capacity;
+};
+
+#ifndef _VMA_VECTOR_FUNCTIONS
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
+VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>::VmaVector(const AllocatorT& allocator)
+    : m_Allocator(allocator),
+    m_pArray(VMA_NULL),
+    m_Count(0),
+    m_Capacity(0) {}
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
+VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>::VmaVector(size_t count, const AllocatorT& allocator)
+    : m_Allocator(allocator),
+    m_pArray(count ? (T*)VmaAllocateArray<T>(allocator.m_pCallbacks, count) : VMA_NULL),
+    m_Count(count),
+    m_Capacity(count) {}
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
+VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>::VmaVector(const VmaVector& src)
+    : m_Allocator(src.m_Allocator),
+    m_pArray(src.m_Count ? (T*)VmaAllocateArray<T>(src.m_Allocator.m_pCallbacks, src.m_Count) : VMA_NULL),
+    m_Count(src.m_Count),
+    m_Capacity(src.m_Count)
+{
+    if (m_Count != 0)
+    {
+        memcpy(m_pArray, src.m_pArray, m_Count * sizeof(T));
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
+VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>& VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>::operator=(const VmaVector& rhs)
+{
+    if (&rhs != this)
+    {
+        resize(rhs.m_Count);
+        if (m_Count != 0)
+        {
+            memcpy(m_pArray, rhs.m_pArray, m_Count * sizeof(T));
+        }
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
+void VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>::push_back(const T& src)
+{
+    const size_t newIndex = size();
+    resize(newIndex + 1);
+    m_pArray[newIndex] = src;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
+void VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>::reserve(size_t newCapacity, bool freeMemory)
+{
+    newCapacity = VMA_MAX(newCapacity, m_Count);
+
+    if ((newCapacity < m_Capacity) && !freeMemory)
+    {
+        newCapacity = m_Capacity;
+    }
+
+    if (newCapacity != m_Capacity)
+    {
+        T* const newArray = newCapacity ? VmaAllocateArray<T>(m_Allocator, newCapacity) : VMA_NULL;
+        if (m_Count != 0)
+        {
+            memcpy(newArray, m_pArray, m_Count * sizeof(T));
+        }
+        VmaFree(m_Allocator.m_pCallbacks, m_pArray);
+        m_Capacity = newCapacity;
+        m_pArray = newArray;
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
+void VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>::resize(size_t newCount)
+{
+    size_t newCapacity = m_Capacity;
+    if (newCount > m_Capacity)
+    {
+        newCapacity = VMA_MAX(newCount, VMA_MAX(m_Capacity * 3 / 2, (size_t)8));
+    }
+
+    if (newCapacity != m_Capacity)
+    {
+        T* const newArray = newCapacity ? VmaAllocateArray<T>(m_Allocator.m_pCallbacks, newCapacity) : VMA_NULL;
+        const size_t elementsToCopy = VMA_MIN(m_Count, newCount);
+        if (elementsToCopy != 0)
+        {
+            memcpy(newArray, m_pArray, elementsToCopy * sizeof(T));
+        }
+        VmaFree(m_Allocator.m_pCallbacks, m_pArray);
+        m_Capacity = newCapacity;
+        m_pArray = newArray;
+    }
+
+    m_Count = newCount;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
+void VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>::shrink_to_fit()
+{
+    if (m_Capacity > m_Count)
+    {
+        T* newArray = VMA_NULL;
+        if (m_Count > 0)
+        {
+            newArray = VmaAllocateArray<T>(m_Allocator.m_pCallbacks, m_Count);
+            memcpy(newArray, m_pArray, m_Count * sizeof(T));
+        }
+        VmaFree(m_Allocator.m_pCallbacks, m_pArray);
+        m_Capacity = m_Count;
+        m_pArray = newArray;
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
+void VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>::insert(size_t index, const T& src)
+{
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(index <= m_Count);
+    const size_t oldCount = size();
+    resize(oldCount + 1);
+    if (index < oldCount)
+    {
+        memmove(m_pArray + (index + 1), m_pArray + index, (oldCount - index) * sizeof(T));
+    }
+    m_pArray[index] = src;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
+void VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>::remove(size_t index)
+{
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(index < m_Count);
+    const size_t oldCount = size();
+    if (index < oldCount - 1)
+    {
+        memmove(m_pArray + index, m_pArray + (index + 1), (oldCount - index - 1) * sizeof(T));
+    }
+    resize(oldCount - 1);
+}
+#endif // _VMA_VECTOR_FUNCTIONS
+
+template<typename T, typename allocatorT>
+static void VmaVectorInsert(VmaVector<T, allocatorT>& vec, size_t index, const T& item)
+{
+    vec.insert(index, item);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename allocatorT>
+static void VmaVectorRemove(VmaVector<T, allocatorT>& vec, size_t index)
+{
+    vec.remove(index);
+}
+#endif // _VMA_VECTOR
+
+#ifndef _VMA_SMALL_VECTOR
+/*
+This is a vector (a variable-sized array), optimized for the case when the array is small.
+
+It contains some number of elements in-place, which allows it to avoid heap allocation
+when the actual number of elements is below that threshold. This allows normal "small"
+cases to be fast without losing generality for large inputs.
+*/
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT, size_t N>
+class VmaSmallVector
+{
+public:
+    typedef T value_type;
+    typedef T* iterator;
+
+    VmaSmallVector(const AllocatorT& allocator);
+    VmaSmallVector(size_t count, const AllocatorT& allocator);
+    template<typename SrcT, typename SrcAllocatorT, size_t SrcN>
+    VmaSmallVector(const VmaSmallVector<SrcT, SrcAllocatorT, SrcN>&) = delete;
+    template<typename SrcT, typename SrcAllocatorT, size_t SrcN>
+    VmaSmallVector<T, AllocatorT, N>& operator=(const VmaSmallVector<SrcT, SrcAllocatorT, SrcN>&) = delete;
+    ~VmaSmallVector() = default;
+
+    bool empty() const { return m_Count == 0; }
+    size_t size() const { return m_Count; }
+    T* data() { return m_Count > N ? m_DynamicArray.data() : m_StaticArray; }
+    T& front() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); return data()[0]; }
+    T& back() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); return data()[m_Count - 1]; }
+    const T* data() const { return m_Count > N ? m_DynamicArray.data() : m_StaticArray; }
+    const T& front() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); return data()[0]; }
+    const T& back() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); return data()[m_Count - 1]; }
+
+    iterator begin() { return data(); }
+    iterator end() { return data() + m_Count; }
+
+    void pop_front() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); remove(0); }
+    void pop_back() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0); resize(size() - 1); }
+    void push_front(const T& src) { insert(0, src); }
+
+    void push_back(const T& src);
+    void resize(size_t newCount, bool freeMemory = false);
+    void clear(bool freeMemory = false);
+    void insert(size_t index, const T& src);
+    void remove(size_t index);
+
+    T& operator[](size_t index) { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(index < m_Count); return data()[index]; }
+    const T& operator[](size_t index) const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(index < m_Count); return data()[index]; }
+
+private:
+    size_t m_Count;
+    T m_StaticArray[N]; // Used when m_Size <= N
+    VmaVector<T, AllocatorT> m_DynamicArray; // Used when m_Size > N
+};
+
+#ifndef _VMA_SMALL_VECTOR_FUNCTIONS
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT, size_t N>
+VmaSmallVector<T, AllocatorT, N>::VmaSmallVector(const AllocatorT& allocator)
+    : m_Count(0),
+    m_DynamicArray(allocator) {}
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT, size_t N>
+VmaSmallVector<T, AllocatorT, N>::VmaSmallVector(size_t count, const AllocatorT& allocator)
+    : m_Count(count),
+    m_DynamicArray(count > N ? count : 0, allocator) {}
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT, size_t N>
+void VmaSmallVector<T, AllocatorT, N>::push_back(const T& src)
+{
+    const size_t newIndex = size();
+    resize(newIndex + 1);
+    data()[newIndex] = src;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT, size_t N>
+void VmaSmallVector<T, AllocatorT, N>::resize(size_t newCount, bool freeMemory)
+{
+    if (newCount > N && m_Count > N)
+    {
+        // Any direction, staying in m_DynamicArray
+        m_DynamicArray.resize(newCount);
+        if (freeMemory)
+        {
+            m_DynamicArray.shrink_to_fit();
+        }
+    }
+    else if (newCount > N && m_Count <= N)
+    {
+        // Growing, moving from m_StaticArray to m_DynamicArray
+        m_DynamicArray.resize(newCount);
+        if (m_Count > 0)
+        {
+            memcpy(m_DynamicArray.data(), m_StaticArray, m_Count * sizeof(T));
+        }
+    }
+    else if (newCount <= N && m_Count > N)
+    {
+        // Shrinking, moving from m_DynamicArray to m_StaticArray
+        if (newCount > 0)
+        {
+            memcpy(m_StaticArray, m_DynamicArray.data(), newCount * sizeof(T));
+        }
+        m_DynamicArray.resize(0);
+        if (freeMemory)
+        {
+            m_DynamicArray.shrink_to_fit();
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Any direction, staying in m_StaticArray - nothing to do here
+    }
+    m_Count = newCount;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT, size_t N>
+void VmaSmallVector<T, AllocatorT, N>::clear(bool freeMemory)
+{
+    m_DynamicArray.clear();
+    if (freeMemory)
+    {
+        m_DynamicArray.shrink_to_fit();
+    }
+    m_Count = 0;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT, size_t N>
+void VmaSmallVector<T, AllocatorT, N>::insert(size_t index, const T& src)
+{
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(index <= m_Count);
+    const size_t oldCount = size();
+    resize(oldCount + 1);
+    T* const dataPtr = data();
+    if (index < oldCount)
+    {
+        //  I know, this could be more optimal for case where memmove can be memcpy directly from m_StaticArray to m_DynamicArray.
+        memmove(dataPtr + (index + 1), dataPtr + index, (oldCount - index) * sizeof(T));
+    }
+    dataPtr[index] = src;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT, size_t N>
+void VmaSmallVector<T, AllocatorT, N>::remove(size_t index)
+{
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(index < m_Count);
+    const size_t oldCount = size();
+    if (index < oldCount - 1)
+    {
+        //  I know, this could be more optimal for case where memmove can be memcpy directly from m_DynamicArray to m_StaticArray.
+        T* const dataPtr = data();
+        memmove(dataPtr + index, dataPtr + (index + 1), (oldCount - index - 1) * sizeof(T));
+    }
+    resize(oldCount - 1);
+}
+#endif // _VMA_SMALL_VECTOR_FUNCTIONS
+#endif // _VMA_SMALL_VECTOR
+
+#ifndef _VMA_POOL_ALLOCATOR
+/*
+Allocator for objects of type T using a list of arrays (pools) to speed up
+allocation. Number of elements that can be allocated is not bounded because
+allocator can create multiple blocks.
+*/
+template<typename T>
+class VmaPoolAllocator
+{
+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaPoolAllocator)
+public:
+    VmaPoolAllocator(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, uint32_t firstBlockCapacity);
+    ~VmaPoolAllocator();
+    template<typename... Types> T* Alloc(Types&&... args);
+    void Free(T* ptr);
+
+private:
+    union Item
+    {
+        uint32_t NextFreeIndex;
+        alignas(T) char Value[sizeof(T)];
+    };
+    struct ItemBlock
+    {
+        Item* pItems;
+        uint32_t Capacity;
+        uint32_t FirstFreeIndex;
+    };
+
+    const VkAllocationCallbacks* m_pAllocationCallbacks;
+    const uint32_t m_FirstBlockCapacity;
+    VmaVector<ItemBlock, VmaStlAllocator<ItemBlock>> m_ItemBlocks;
+
+    ItemBlock& CreateNewBlock();
+};
+
+#ifndef _VMA_POOL_ALLOCATOR_FUNCTIONS
+template<typename T>
+VmaPoolAllocator<T>::VmaPoolAllocator(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, uint32_t firstBlockCapacity)
+    : m_pAllocationCallbacks(pAllocationCallbacks),
+    m_FirstBlockCapacity(firstBlockCapacity),
+    m_ItemBlocks(VmaStlAllocator<ItemBlock>(pAllocationCallbacks))
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_FirstBlockCapacity > 1);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+VmaPoolAllocator<T>::~VmaPoolAllocator()
+{
+    for (size_t i = m_ItemBlocks.size(); i--;)
+        vma_delete_array(m_pAllocationCallbacks, m_ItemBlocks[i].pItems, m_ItemBlocks[i].Capacity);
+    m_ItemBlocks.clear();
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+template<typename... Types> T* VmaPoolAllocator<T>::Alloc(Types&&... args)
+{
+    for (size_t i = m_ItemBlocks.size(); i--; )
+    {
+        ItemBlock& block = m_ItemBlocks[i];
+        // This block has some free items: Use first one.
+        if (block.FirstFreeIndex != UINT32_MAX)
+        {
+            Item* const pItem = &block.pItems[block.FirstFreeIndex];
+            block.FirstFreeIndex = pItem->NextFreeIndex;
+            T* result = (T*)&pItem->Value;
+            new(result)T(std::forward<Types>(args)...); // Explicit constructor call.
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // No block has free item: Create new one and use it.
+    ItemBlock& newBlock = CreateNewBlock();
+    Item* const pItem = &newBlock.pItems[0];
+    newBlock.FirstFreeIndex = pItem->NextFreeIndex;
+    T* result = (T*)&pItem->Value;
+    new(result) T(std::forward<Types>(args)...); // Explicit constructor call.
+    return result;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+void VmaPoolAllocator<T>::Free(T* ptr)
+{
+    // Search all memory blocks to find ptr.
+    for (size_t i = m_ItemBlocks.size(); i--; )
+    {
+        ItemBlock& block = m_ItemBlocks[i];
+
+        // Casting to union.
+        Item* pItemPtr;
+        memcpy(&pItemPtr, &ptr, sizeof(pItemPtr));
+
+        // Check if pItemPtr is in address range of this block.
+        if ((pItemPtr >= block.pItems) && (pItemPtr < block.pItems + block.Capacity))
+        {
+            ptr->~T(); // Explicit destructor call.
+            const uint32_t index = static_cast<uint32_t>(pItemPtr - block.pItems);
+            pItemPtr->NextFreeIndex = block.FirstFreeIndex;
+            block.FirstFreeIndex = index;
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Pointer doesn't belong to this memory pool.");
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+typename VmaPoolAllocator<T>::ItemBlock& VmaPoolAllocator<T>::CreateNewBlock()
+{
+    const uint32_t newBlockCapacity = m_ItemBlocks.empty() ?
+        m_FirstBlockCapacity : m_ItemBlocks.back().Capacity * 3 / 2;
+
+    const ItemBlock newBlock =
+    {
+        vma_new_array(m_pAllocationCallbacks, Item, newBlockCapacity),
+        newBlockCapacity,
+        0
+    };
+
+    m_ItemBlocks.push_back(newBlock);
+
+    // Setup singly-linked list of all free items in this block.
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < newBlockCapacity - 1; ++i)
+        newBlock.pItems[i].NextFreeIndex = i + 1;
+    newBlock.pItems[newBlockCapacity - 1].NextFreeIndex = UINT32_MAX;
+    return m_ItemBlocks.back();
+}
+#endif // _VMA_POOL_ALLOCATOR_FUNCTIONS
+#endif // _VMA_POOL_ALLOCATOR
+
+#ifndef _VMA_RAW_LIST
+template<typename T>
+struct VmaListItem
+{
+    VmaListItem* pPrev;
+    VmaListItem* pNext;
+    T Value;
+};
+
+// Doubly linked list.
+template<typename T>
+class VmaRawList
+{
+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaRawList)
+public:
+    typedef VmaListItem<T> ItemType;
+
+    VmaRawList(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
+    // Intentionally not calling Clear, because that would be unnecessary
+    // computations to return all items to m_ItemAllocator as free.
+    ~VmaRawList() = default;
+
+    size_t GetCount() const { return m_Count; }
+    bool IsEmpty() const { return m_Count == 0; }
+
+    ItemType* Front() { return m_pFront; }
+    ItemType* Back() { return m_pBack; }
+    const ItemType* Front() const { return m_pFront; }
+    const ItemType* Back() const { return m_pBack; }
+
+    ItemType* PushFront();
+    ItemType* PushBack();
+    ItemType* PushFront(const T& value);
+    ItemType* PushBack(const T& value);
+    void PopFront();
+    void PopBack();
+
+    // Item can be null - it means PushBack.
+    ItemType* InsertBefore(ItemType* pItem);
+    // Item can be null - it means PushFront.
+    ItemType* InsertAfter(ItemType* pItem);
+    ItemType* InsertBefore(ItemType* pItem, const T& value);
+    ItemType* InsertAfter(ItemType* pItem, const T& value);
+
+    void Clear();
+    void Remove(ItemType* pItem);
+
+private:
+    const VkAllocationCallbacks* const m_pAllocationCallbacks;
+    VmaPoolAllocator<ItemType> m_ItemAllocator;
+    ItemType* m_pFront;
+    ItemType* m_pBack;
+    size_t m_Count;
+};
+
+#ifndef _VMA_RAW_LIST_FUNCTIONS
+template<typename T>
+VmaRawList<T>::VmaRawList(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+    : m_pAllocationCallbacks(pAllocationCallbacks),
+    m_ItemAllocator(pAllocationCallbacks, 128),
+    m_pFront(VMA_NULL),
+    m_pBack(VMA_NULL),
+    m_Count(0) {}
+
+template<typename T>
+VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::PushFront()
+{
+    ItemType* const pNewItem = m_ItemAllocator.Alloc();
+    pNewItem->pPrev = VMA_NULL;
+    if (IsEmpty())
+    {
+        pNewItem->pNext = VMA_NULL;
+        m_pFront = pNewItem;
+        m_pBack = pNewItem;
+        m_Count = 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pNewItem->pNext = m_pFront;
+        m_pFront->pPrev = pNewItem;
+        m_pFront = pNewItem;
+        ++m_Count;
+    }
+    return pNewItem;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::PushBack()
+{
+    ItemType* const pNewItem = m_ItemAllocator.Alloc();
+    pNewItem->pNext = VMA_NULL;
+    if(IsEmpty())
+    {
+        pNewItem->pPrev = VMA_NULL;
+        m_pFront = pNewItem;
+        m_pBack = pNewItem;
+        m_Count = 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pNewItem->pPrev = m_pBack;
+        m_pBack->pNext = pNewItem;
+        m_pBack = pNewItem;
+        ++m_Count;
+    }
+    return pNewItem;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::PushFront(const T& value)
+{
+    ItemType* const pNewItem = PushFront();
+    pNewItem->Value = value;
+    return pNewItem;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::PushBack(const T& value)
+{
+    ItemType* const pNewItem = PushBack();
+    pNewItem->Value = value;
+    return pNewItem;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+void VmaRawList<T>::PopFront()
+{
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0);
+    ItemType* const pFrontItem = m_pFront;
+    ItemType* const pNextItem = pFrontItem->pNext;
+    if (pNextItem != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        pNextItem->pPrev = VMA_NULL;
+    }
+    m_pFront = pNextItem;
+    m_ItemAllocator.Free(pFrontItem);
+    --m_Count;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+void VmaRawList<T>::PopBack()
+{
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0);
+    ItemType* const pBackItem = m_pBack;
+    ItemType* const pPrevItem = pBackItem->pPrev;
+    if(pPrevItem != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        pPrevItem->pNext = VMA_NULL;
+    }
+    m_pBack = pPrevItem;
+    m_ItemAllocator.Free(pBackItem);
+    --m_Count;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+void VmaRawList<T>::Clear()
+{
+    if (IsEmpty() == false)
+    {
+        ItemType* pItem = m_pBack;
+        while (pItem != VMA_NULL)
+        {
+            ItemType* const pPrevItem = pItem->pPrev;
+            m_ItemAllocator.Free(pItem);
+            pItem = pPrevItem;
+        }
+        m_pFront = VMA_NULL;
+        m_pBack = VMA_NULL;
+        m_Count = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+void VmaRawList<T>::Remove(ItemType* pItem)
+{
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(pItem != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0);
+
+    if(pItem->pPrev != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        pItem->pPrev->pNext = pItem->pNext;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pFront == pItem);
+        m_pFront = pItem->pNext;
+    }
+
+    if(pItem->pNext != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        pItem->pNext->pPrev = pItem->pPrev;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pBack == pItem);
+        m_pBack = pItem->pPrev;
+    }
+
+    m_ItemAllocator.Free(pItem);
+    --m_Count;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::InsertBefore(ItemType* pItem)
+{
+    if(pItem != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        ItemType* const prevItem = pItem->pPrev;
+        ItemType* const newItem = m_ItemAllocator.Alloc();
+        newItem->pPrev = prevItem;
+        newItem->pNext = pItem;
+        pItem->pPrev = newItem;
+        if(prevItem != VMA_NULL)
+        {
+            prevItem->pNext = newItem;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pFront == pItem);
+            m_pFront = newItem;
+        }
+        ++m_Count;
+        return newItem;
+    }
+    else
+        return PushBack();
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::InsertAfter(ItemType* pItem)
+{
+    if(pItem != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        ItemType* const nextItem = pItem->pNext;
+        ItemType* const newItem = m_ItemAllocator.Alloc();
+        newItem->pNext = nextItem;
+        newItem->pPrev = pItem;
+        pItem->pNext = newItem;
+        if(nextItem != VMA_NULL)
+        {
+            nextItem->pPrev = newItem;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pBack == pItem);
+            m_pBack = newItem;
+        }
+        ++m_Count;
+        return newItem;
+    }
+    else
+        return PushFront();
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::InsertBefore(ItemType* pItem, const T& value)
+{
+    ItemType* const newItem = InsertBefore(pItem);
+    newItem->Value = value;
+    return newItem;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::InsertAfter(ItemType* pItem, const T& value)
+{
+    ItemType* const newItem = InsertAfter(pItem);
+    newItem->Value = value;
+    return newItem;
+}
+#endif // _VMA_RAW_LIST_FUNCTIONS
+#endif // _VMA_RAW_LIST
+
+#ifndef _VMA_LIST
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
+class VmaList
+{
+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaList)
+public:
+    class reverse_iterator;
+    class const_iterator;
+    class const_reverse_iterator;
+
+    class iterator
+    {
+        friend class const_iterator;
+        friend class VmaList<T, AllocatorT>;
+    public:
+        iterator() :  m_pList(VMA_NULL), m_pItem(VMA_NULL) {}
+        iterator(const reverse_iterator& src) : m_pList(src.m_pList), m_pItem(src.m_pItem) {}
+
+        T& operator*() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); return m_pItem->Value; }
+        T* operator->() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); return &m_pItem->Value; }
+
+        bool operator==(const iterator& rhs) const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pList == rhs.m_pList); return m_pItem == rhs.m_pItem; }
+        bool operator!=(const iterator& rhs) const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pList == rhs.m_pList); return m_pItem != rhs.m_pItem; }
+
+        iterator operator++(int) { iterator result = *this; ++*this; return result; }
+        iterator operator--(int) { iterator result = *this; --*this; return result; }
+
+        iterator& operator++() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); m_pItem = m_pItem->pNext; return *this; }
+        iterator& operator--();
+
+    private:
+        VmaRawList<T>* m_pList;
+        VmaListItem<T>* m_pItem;
+
+        iterator(VmaRawList<T>* pList, VmaListItem<T>* pItem) : m_pList(pList),  m_pItem(pItem) {}
+    };
+    class reverse_iterator
+    {
+        friend class const_reverse_iterator;
+        friend class VmaList<T, AllocatorT>;
+    public:
+        reverse_iterator() : m_pList(VMA_NULL), m_pItem(VMA_NULL) {}
+        reverse_iterator(const iterator& src) : m_pList(src.m_pList), m_pItem(src.m_pItem) {}
+
+        T& operator*() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); return m_pItem->Value; }
+        T* operator->() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); return &m_pItem->Value; }
+
+        bool operator==(const reverse_iterator& rhs) const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pList == rhs.m_pList); return m_pItem == rhs.m_pItem; }
+        bool operator!=(const reverse_iterator& rhs) const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pList == rhs.m_pList); return m_pItem != rhs.m_pItem; }
+
+        reverse_iterator operator++(int) { reverse_iterator result = *this; ++* this; return result; }
+        reverse_iterator operator--(int) { reverse_iterator result = *this; --* this; return result; }
+
+        reverse_iterator& operator++() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); m_pItem = m_pItem->pPrev; return *this; }
+        reverse_iterator& operator--();
+
+    private:
+        VmaRawList<T>* m_pList;
+        VmaListItem<T>* m_pItem;
+
+        reverse_iterator(VmaRawList<T>* pList, VmaListItem<T>* pItem) : m_pList(pList),  m_pItem(pItem) {}
+    };
+    class const_iterator
+    {
+        friend class VmaList<T, AllocatorT>;
+    public:
+        const_iterator() : m_pList(VMA_NULL), m_pItem(VMA_NULL) {}
+        const_iterator(const iterator& src) : m_pList(src.m_pList), m_pItem(src.m_pItem) {}
+        const_iterator(const reverse_iterator& src) : m_pList(src.m_pList), m_pItem(src.m_pItem) {}
+
+        iterator drop_const() { return { const_cast<VmaRawList<T>*>(m_pList), const_cast<VmaListItem<T>*>(m_pItem) }; }
+
+        const T& operator*() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); return m_pItem->Value; }
+        const T* operator->() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); return &m_pItem->Value; }
+
+        bool operator==(const const_iterator& rhs) const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pList == rhs.m_pList); return m_pItem == rhs.m_pItem; }
+        bool operator!=(const const_iterator& rhs) const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pList == rhs.m_pList); return m_pItem != rhs.m_pItem; }
+
+        const_iterator operator++(int) { const_iterator result = *this; ++* this; return result; }
+        const_iterator operator--(int) { const_iterator result = *this; --* this; return result; }
+
+        const_iterator& operator++() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); m_pItem = m_pItem->pNext; return *this; }
+        const_iterator& operator--();
+
+    private:
+        const VmaRawList<T>* m_pList;
+        const VmaListItem<T>* m_pItem;
+
+        const_iterator(const VmaRawList<T>* pList, const VmaListItem<T>* pItem) : m_pList(pList), m_pItem(pItem) {}
+    };
+    class const_reverse_iterator
+    {
+        friend class VmaList<T, AllocatorT>;
+    public:
+        const_reverse_iterator() : m_pList(VMA_NULL), m_pItem(VMA_NULL) {}
+        const_reverse_iterator(const reverse_iterator& src) : m_pList(src.m_pList), m_pItem(src.m_pItem) {}
+        const_reverse_iterator(const iterator& src) : m_pList(src.m_pList), m_pItem(src.m_pItem) {}
+
+        reverse_iterator drop_const() { return { const_cast<VmaRawList<T>*>(m_pList), const_cast<VmaListItem<T>*>(m_pItem) }; }
+
+        const T& operator*() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); return m_pItem->Value; }
+        const T* operator->() const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); return &m_pItem->Value; }
+
+        bool operator==(const const_reverse_iterator& rhs) const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pList == rhs.m_pList); return m_pItem == rhs.m_pItem; }
+        bool operator!=(const const_reverse_iterator& rhs) const { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pList == rhs.m_pList); return m_pItem != rhs.m_pItem; }
+
+        const_reverse_iterator operator++(int) { const_reverse_iterator result = *this; ++* this; return result; }
+        const_reverse_iterator operator--(int) { const_reverse_iterator result = *this; --* this; return result; }
+
+        const_reverse_iterator& operator++() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL); m_pItem = m_pItem->pPrev; return *this; }
+        const_reverse_iterator& operator--();
+
+    private:
+        const VmaRawList<T>* m_pList;
+        const VmaListItem<T>* m_pItem;
+
+        const_reverse_iterator(const VmaRawList<T>* pList, const VmaListItem<T>* pItem) : m_pList(pList), m_pItem(pItem) {}
+    };
+
+    VmaList(const AllocatorT& allocator) : m_RawList(allocator.m_pCallbacks) {}
+
+    bool empty() const { return m_RawList.IsEmpty(); }
+    size_t size() const { return m_RawList.GetCount(); }
+
+    iterator begin() { return iterator(&m_RawList, m_RawList.Front()); }
+    iterator end() { return iterator(&m_RawList, VMA_NULL); }
+
+    const_iterator cbegin() const { return const_iterator(&m_RawList, m_RawList.Front()); }
+    const_iterator cend() const { return const_iterator(&m_RawList, VMA_NULL); }
+
+    const_iterator begin() const { return cbegin(); }
+    const_iterator end() const { return cend(); }
+
+    reverse_iterator rbegin() { return reverse_iterator(&m_RawList, m_RawList.Back()); }
+    reverse_iterator rend() { return reverse_iterator(&m_RawList, VMA_NULL); }
+
+    const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const { return const_reverse_iterator(&m_RawList, m_RawList.Back()); }
+    const_reverse_iterator crend() const { return const_reverse_iterator(&m_RawList, VMA_NULL); }
+
+    const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const { return crbegin(); }
+    const_reverse_iterator rend() const { return crend(); }
+
+    void push_back(const T& value) { m_RawList.PushBack(value); }
+    iterator insert(iterator it, const T& value) { return iterator(&m_RawList, m_RawList.InsertBefore(it.m_pItem, value)); }
+
+    void clear() { m_RawList.Clear(); }
+    void erase(iterator it) { m_RawList.Remove(it.m_pItem); }
+
+private:
+    VmaRawList<T> m_RawList;
+};
+
+#ifndef _VMA_LIST_FUNCTIONS
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
+typename VmaList<T, AllocatorT>::iterator& VmaList<T, AllocatorT>::iterator::operator--()
+{
+    if (m_pItem != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        m_pItem = m_pItem->pPrev;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(!m_pList->IsEmpty());
+        m_pItem = m_pList->Back();
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
+typename VmaList<T, AllocatorT>::reverse_iterator& VmaList<T, AllocatorT>::reverse_iterator::operator--()
+{
+    if (m_pItem != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        m_pItem = m_pItem->pNext;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(!m_pList->IsEmpty());
+        m_pItem = m_pList->Front();
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
+typename VmaList<T, AllocatorT>::const_iterator& VmaList<T, AllocatorT>::const_iterator::operator--()
+{
+    if (m_pItem != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        m_pItem = m_pItem->pPrev;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(!m_pList->IsEmpty());
+        m_pItem = m_pList->Back();
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>
+typename VmaList<T, AllocatorT>::const_reverse_iterator& VmaList<T, AllocatorT>::const_reverse_iterator::operator--()
+{
+    if (m_pItem != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        m_pItem = m_pItem->pNext;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(!m_pList->IsEmpty());
+        m_pItem = m_pList->Back();
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+#endif // _VMA_LIST_FUNCTIONS
+#endif // _VMA_LIST
+
+#ifndef _VMA_INTRUSIVE_LINKED_LIST
+/*
+Expected interface of ItemTypeTraits:
+struct MyItemTypeTraits
+{
+    typedef MyItem ItemType;
+    static ItemType* GetPrev(const ItemType* item) { return item->myPrevPtr; }
+    static ItemType* GetNext(const ItemType* item) { return item->myNextPtr; }
+    static ItemType*& AccessPrev(ItemType* item) { return item->myPrevPtr; }
+    static ItemType*& AccessNext(ItemType* item) { return item->myNextPtr; }
+};
+*/
+template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
+class VmaIntrusiveLinkedList
+{
+public:
+    typedef typename ItemTypeTraits::ItemType ItemType;
+    static ItemType* GetPrev(const ItemType* item) { return ItemTypeTraits::GetPrev(item); }
+    static ItemType* GetNext(const ItemType* item) { return ItemTypeTraits::GetNext(item); }
+
+    // Movable, not copyable.
+    VmaIntrusiveLinkedList() = default;
+    VmaIntrusiveLinkedList(VmaIntrusiveLinkedList && src);
+    VmaIntrusiveLinkedList(const VmaIntrusiveLinkedList&) = delete;
+    VmaIntrusiveLinkedList& operator=(VmaIntrusiveLinkedList&& src);
+    VmaIntrusiveLinkedList& operator=(const VmaIntrusiveLinkedList&) = delete;
+    ~VmaIntrusiveLinkedList() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(IsEmpty()); }
+    
+    size_t GetCount() const { return m_Count; }
+    bool IsEmpty() const { return m_Count == 0; }
+    ItemType* Front() { return m_Front; }
+    ItemType* Back() { return m_Back; }
+    const ItemType* Front() const { return m_Front; }
+    const ItemType* Back() const { return m_Back; }
+
+    void PushBack(ItemType* item);
+    void PushFront(ItemType* item);
+    ItemType* PopBack();
+    ItemType* PopFront();
+
+    // MyItem can be null - it means PushBack.
+    void InsertBefore(ItemType* existingItem, ItemType* newItem);
+    // MyItem can be null - it means PushFront.
+    void InsertAfter(ItemType* existingItem, ItemType* newItem);
+    void Remove(ItemType* item);
+    void RemoveAll();
+
+private:
+    ItemType* m_Front = VMA_NULL;
+    ItemType* m_Back = VMA_NULL;
+    size_t m_Count = 0;
+};
+
+#ifndef _VMA_INTRUSIVE_LINKED_LIST_FUNCTIONS
+template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
+VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::VmaIntrusiveLinkedList(VmaIntrusiveLinkedList&& src)
+    : m_Front(src.m_Front), m_Back(src.m_Back), m_Count(src.m_Count)
+{
+    src.m_Front = src.m_Back = VMA_NULL;
+    src.m_Count = 0;
+}
+
+template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
+VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>& VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::operator=(VmaIntrusiveLinkedList&& src)
+{
+    if (&src != this)
+    {
+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(IsEmpty());
+        m_Front = src.m_Front;
+        m_Back = src.m_Back;
+        m_Count = src.m_Count;
+        src.m_Front = src.m_Back = VMA_NULL;
+        src.m_Count = 0;
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
+void VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::PushBack(ItemType* item)
+{
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(ItemTypeTraits::GetPrev(item) == VMA_NULL && ItemTypeTraits::GetNext(item) == VMA_NULL);
+    if (IsEmpty())
+    {
+        m_Front = item;
+        m_Back = item;
+        m_Count = 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(item) = m_Back;
+        ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(m_Back) = item;
+        m_Back = item;
+        ++m_Count;
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
+void VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::PushFront(ItemType* item)
+{
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(ItemTypeTraits::GetPrev(item) == VMA_NULL && ItemTypeTraits::GetNext(item) == VMA_NULL);
+    if (IsEmpty())
+    {
+        m_Front = item;
+        m_Back = item;
+        m_Count = 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(item) = m_Front;
+        ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(m_Front) = item;
+        m_Front = item;
+        ++m_Count;
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
+typename VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::ItemType* VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::PopBack()
+{
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0);
+    ItemType* const backItem = m_Back;
+    ItemType* const prevItem = ItemTypeTraits::GetPrev(backItem);
+    if (prevItem != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(prevItem) = VMA_NULL;
+    }
+    m_Back = prevItem;
+    --m_Count;
+    ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(backItem) = VMA_NULL;
+    ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(backItem) = VMA_NULL;
+    return backItem;
+}
+
+template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
+typename VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::ItemType* VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::PopFront()
+{
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0);
+    ItemType* const frontItem = m_Front;
+    ItemType* const nextItem = ItemTypeTraits::GetNext(frontItem);
+    if (nextItem != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(nextItem) = VMA_NULL;
+    }
+    m_Front = nextItem;
+    --m_Count;
+    ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(frontItem) = VMA_NULL;
+    ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(frontItem) = VMA_NULL;
+    return frontItem;
+}
+
+template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
+void VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::InsertBefore(ItemType* existingItem, ItemType* newItem)
+{
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(newItem != VMA_NULL && ItemTypeTraits::GetPrev(newItem) == VMA_NULL && ItemTypeTraits::GetNext(newItem) == VMA_NULL);
+    if (existingItem != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        ItemType* const prevItem = ItemTypeTraits::GetPrev(existingItem);
+        ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(newItem) = prevItem;
+        ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(newItem) = existingItem;
+        ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(existingItem) = newItem;
+        if (prevItem != VMA_NULL)
+        {
+            ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(prevItem) = newItem;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Front == existingItem);
+            m_Front = newItem;
+        }
+        ++m_Count;
+    }
+    else
+        PushBack(newItem);
+}
+
+template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
+void VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::InsertAfter(ItemType* existingItem, ItemType* newItem)
+{
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(newItem != VMA_NULL && ItemTypeTraits::GetPrev(newItem) == VMA_NULL && ItemTypeTraits::GetNext(newItem) == VMA_NULL);
+    if (existingItem != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        ItemType* const nextItem = ItemTypeTraits::GetNext(existingItem);
+        ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(newItem) = nextItem;
+        ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(newItem) = existingItem;
+        ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(existingItem) = newItem;
+        if (nextItem != VMA_NULL)
+        {
+            ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(nextItem) = newItem;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Back == existingItem);
+            m_Back = newItem;
+        }
+        ++m_Count;
+    }
+    else
+        return PushFront(newItem);
+}
+
+template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
+void VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::Remove(ItemType* item)
+{
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(item != VMA_NULL && m_Count > 0);
+    if (ItemTypeTraits::GetPrev(item) != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(item)) = ItemTypeTraits::GetNext(item);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Front == item);
+        m_Front = ItemTypeTraits::GetNext(item);
+    }
+
+    if (ItemTypeTraits::GetNext(item) != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(item)) = ItemTypeTraits::GetPrev(item);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Back == item);
+        m_Back = ItemTypeTraits::GetPrev(item);
+    }
+    ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(item) = VMA_NULL;
+    ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(item) = VMA_NULL;
+    --m_Count;
+}
+
+template<typename ItemTypeTraits>
+void VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<ItemTypeTraits>::RemoveAll()
+{
+    if (!IsEmpty())
+    {
+        ItemType* item = m_Back;
+        while (item != VMA_NULL)
+        {
+            ItemType* const prevItem = ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(item);
+            ItemTypeTraits::AccessPrev(item) = VMA_NULL;
+            ItemTypeTraits::AccessNext(item) = VMA_NULL;
+            item = prevItem;
+        }
+        m_Front = VMA_NULL;
+        m_Back = VMA_NULL;
+        m_Count = 0;
+    }
+}
+#endif // _VMA_INTRUSIVE_LINKED_LIST_FUNCTIONS
+#endif // _VMA_INTRUSIVE_LINKED_LIST
+
+// Unused in this version.
+#if 0
+
+#ifndef _VMA_PAIR
+template<typename T1, typename T2>
+struct VmaPair
+{
+    T1 first;
+    T2 second;
+
+    VmaPair() : first(), second() {}
+    VmaPair(const T1& firstSrc, const T2& secondSrc) : first(firstSrc), second(secondSrc) {}
+};
+
+template<typename FirstT, typename SecondT>
+struct VmaPairFirstLess
+{
+    bool operator()(const VmaPair<FirstT, SecondT>& lhs, const VmaPair<FirstT, SecondT>& rhs) const
+    {
+        return lhs.first < rhs.first;
+    }
+    bool operator()(const VmaPair<FirstT, SecondT>& lhs, const FirstT& rhsFirst) const
+    {
+        return lhs.first < rhsFirst;
+    }
+};
+#endif // _VMA_PAIR
+
+#ifndef _VMA_MAP
+/* Class compatible with subset of interface of std::unordered_map.
+KeyT, ValueT must be POD because they will be stored in VmaVector.
+*/
+template<typename KeyT, typename ValueT>
+class VmaMap
+{
+public:
+    typedef VmaPair<KeyT, ValueT> PairType;
+    typedef PairType* iterator;
+
+    VmaMap(const VmaStlAllocator<PairType>& allocator) : m_Vector(allocator) {}
+
+    iterator begin() { return m_Vector.begin(); }
+    iterator end() { return m_Vector.end(); }
+    size_t size() { return m_Vector.size(); }
+
+    void insert(const PairType& pair);
+    iterator find(const KeyT& key);
+    void erase(iterator it);
+
+private:
+    VmaVector< PairType, VmaStlAllocator<PairType>> m_Vector;
+};
+
+#ifndef _VMA_MAP_FUNCTIONS
+template<typename KeyT, typename ValueT>
+void VmaMap<KeyT, ValueT>::insert(const PairType& pair)
+{
+    const size_t indexToInsert = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(
+        m_Vector.data(),
+        m_Vector.data() + m_Vector.size(),
+        pair,
+        VmaPairFirstLess<KeyT, ValueT>()) - m_Vector.data();
+    VmaVectorInsert(m_Vector, indexToInsert, pair);
+}
+
+template<typename KeyT, typename ValueT>
+VmaPair<KeyT, ValueT>* VmaMap<KeyT, ValueT>::find(const KeyT& key)
+{
+    PairType* it = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(
+        m_Vector.data(),
+        m_Vector.data() + m_Vector.size(),
+        key,
+        VmaPairFirstLess<KeyT, ValueT>());
+    if ((it != m_Vector.end()) && (it->first == key))
+    {
+        return it;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return m_Vector.end();
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename KeyT, typename ValueT>
+void VmaMap<KeyT, ValueT>::erase(iterator it)
+{
+    VmaVectorRemove(m_Vector, it - m_Vector.begin());
+}
+#endif // _VMA_MAP_FUNCTIONS
+#endif // _VMA_MAP
+
+#endif // #if 0
+
+#if !defined(_VMA_STRING_BUILDER) && VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+class VmaStringBuilder
+{
+public:
+    VmaStringBuilder(const VkAllocationCallbacks* allocationCallbacks) : m_Data(VmaStlAllocator<char>(allocationCallbacks)) {}
+    ~VmaStringBuilder() = default;
+
+    size_t GetLength() const { return m_Data.size(); }
+    const char* GetData() const { return m_Data.data(); }
+    void AddNewLine() { Add('\n'); }
+    void Add(char ch) { m_Data.push_back(ch); }
+
+    void Add(const char* pStr);
+    void AddNumber(uint32_t num);
+    void AddNumber(uint64_t num);
+    void AddPointer(const void* ptr);
+
+private:
+    VmaVector<char, VmaStlAllocator<char>> m_Data;
+};
+
+#ifndef _VMA_STRING_BUILDER_FUNCTIONS
+void VmaStringBuilder::Add(const char* pStr)
+{
+    const size_t strLen = strlen(pStr);
+    if (strLen > 0)
+    {
+        const size_t oldCount = m_Data.size();
+        m_Data.resize(oldCount + strLen);
+        memcpy(m_Data.data() + oldCount, pStr, strLen);
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaStringBuilder::AddNumber(uint32_t num)
+{
+    char buf[11];
+    buf[10] = '\0';
+    char* p = &buf[10];
+    do
+    {
+        *--p = '0' + (num % 10);
+        num /= 10;
+    } while (num);
+    Add(p);
+}
+
+void VmaStringBuilder::AddNumber(uint64_t num)
+{
+    char buf[21];
+    buf[20] = '\0';
+    char* p = &buf[20];
+    do
+    {
+        *--p = '0' + (num % 10);
+        num /= 10;
+    } while (num);
+    Add(p);
+}
+
+void VmaStringBuilder::AddPointer(const void* ptr)
+{
+    char buf[21];
+    VmaPtrToStr(buf, sizeof(buf), ptr);
+    Add(buf);
+}
+#endif //_VMA_STRING_BUILDER_FUNCTIONS
+#endif // _VMA_STRING_BUILDER
+
+#if !defined(_VMA_JSON_WRITER) && VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+/*
+Allows to conveniently build a correct JSON document to be written to the
+VmaStringBuilder passed to the constructor.
+*/
+class VmaJsonWriter
+{
+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaJsonWriter)
+public:
+    // sb - string builder to write the document to. Must remain alive for the whole lifetime of this object.
+    VmaJsonWriter(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, VmaStringBuilder& sb);
+    ~VmaJsonWriter();
+
+    // Begins object by writing "{".
+    // Inside an object, you must call pairs of WriteString and a value, e.g.:
+    // j.BeginObject(true); j.WriteString("A"); j.WriteNumber(1); j.WriteString("B"); j.WriteNumber(2); j.EndObject();
+    // Will write: { "A": 1, "B": 2 }
+    void BeginObject(bool singleLine = false);
+    // Ends object by writing "}".
+    void EndObject();
+
+    // Begins array by writing "[".
+    // Inside an array, you can write a sequence of any values.
+    void BeginArray(bool singleLine = false);
+    // Ends array by writing "[".
+    void EndArray();
+
+    // Writes a string value inside "".
+    // pStr can contain any ANSI characters, including '"', new line etc. - they will be properly escaped.
+    void WriteString(const char* pStr);
+    
+    // Begins writing a string value.
+    // Call BeginString, ContinueString, ContinueString, ..., EndString instead of
+    // WriteString to conveniently build the string content incrementally, made of
+    // parts including numbers.
+    void BeginString(const char* pStr = VMA_NULL);
+    // Posts next part of an open string.
+    void ContinueString(const char* pStr);
+    // Posts next part of an open string. The number is converted to decimal characters.
+    void ContinueString(uint32_t n);
+    void ContinueString(uint64_t n);
+    void ContinueString_Size(size_t n);
+    // Posts next part of an open string. Pointer value is converted to characters
+    // using "%p" formatting - shown as hexadecimal number, e.g.: 000000081276Ad00
+    void ContinueString_Pointer(const void* ptr);
+    // Ends writing a string value by writing '"'.
+    void EndString(const char* pStr = VMA_NULL);
+
+    // Writes a number value.
+    void WriteNumber(uint32_t n);
+    void WriteNumber(uint64_t n);
+    void WriteSize(size_t n);
+    // Writes a boolean value - false or true.
+    void WriteBool(bool b);
+    // Writes a null value.
+    void WriteNull();
+
+private:
+    enum COLLECTION_TYPE
+    {
+        COLLECTION_TYPE_OBJECT,
+        COLLECTION_TYPE_ARRAY,
+    };
+    struct StackItem
+    {
+        COLLECTION_TYPE type;
+        uint32_t valueCount;
+        bool singleLineMode;
+    };
+
+    static const char* const INDENT;
+
+    VmaStringBuilder& m_SB;
+    VmaVector< StackItem, VmaStlAllocator<StackItem> > m_Stack;
+    bool m_InsideString;
+
+    // Write size_t for less than 64bits
+    void WriteSize(size_t n, std::integral_constant<bool, false>) { m_SB.AddNumber(static_cast<uint32_t>(n)); }
+    // Write size_t for 64bits
+    void WriteSize(size_t n, std::integral_constant<bool, true>) { m_SB.AddNumber(static_cast<uint64_t>(n)); }
+
+    void BeginValue(bool isString);
+    void WriteIndent(bool oneLess = false);
+};
+const char* const VmaJsonWriter::INDENT = "  ";
+
+#ifndef _VMA_JSON_WRITER_FUNCTIONS
+VmaJsonWriter::VmaJsonWriter(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, VmaStringBuilder& sb)
+    : m_SB(sb),
+    m_Stack(VmaStlAllocator<StackItem>(pAllocationCallbacks)),
+    m_InsideString(false) {}
+
+VmaJsonWriter::~VmaJsonWriter()
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_Stack.empty());
+}
+
+void VmaJsonWriter::BeginObject(bool singleLine)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
+
+    BeginValue(false);
+    m_SB.Add('{');
+
+    StackItem item;
+    item.type = COLLECTION_TYPE_OBJECT;
+    item.valueCount = 0;
+    item.singleLineMode = singleLine;
+    m_Stack.push_back(item);
+}
+
+void VmaJsonWriter::EndObject()
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
+
+    WriteIndent(true);
+    m_SB.Add('}');
+
+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_Stack.empty() && m_Stack.back().type == COLLECTION_TYPE_OBJECT);
+    m_Stack.pop_back();
+}
+
+void VmaJsonWriter::BeginArray(bool singleLine)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
+
+    BeginValue(false);
+    m_SB.Add('[');
+
+    StackItem item;
+    item.type = COLLECTION_TYPE_ARRAY;
+    item.valueCount = 0;
+    item.singleLineMode = singleLine;
+    m_Stack.push_back(item);
+}
+
+void VmaJsonWriter::EndArray()
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
+
+    WriteIndent(true);
+    m_SB.Add(']');
+
+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_Stack.empty() && m_Stack.back().type == COLLECTION_TYPE_ARRAY);
+    m_Stack.pop_back();
+}
+
+void VmaJsonWriter::WriteString(const char* pStr)
+{
+    BeginString(pStr);
+    EndString();
+}
+
+void VmaJsonWriter::BeginString(const char* pStr)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
+
+    BeginValue(true);
+    m_SB.Add('"');
+    m_InsideString = true;
+    if (pStr != VMA_NULL && pStr[0] != '\0')
+    {
+        ContinueString(pStr);
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaJsonWriter::ContinueString(const char* pStr)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_InsideString);
+
+    const size_t strLen = strlen(pStr);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < strLen; ++i)
+    {
+        char ch = pStr[i];
+        if (ch == '\\')
+        {
+            m_SB.Add("\\\\");
+        }
+        else if (ch == '"')
+        {
+            m_SB.Add("\\\"");
+        }
+        else if (ch >= 32)
+        {
+            m_SB.Add(ch);
+        }
+        else switch (ch)
+        {
+        case '\b':
+            m_SB.Add("\\b");
+            break;
+        case '\f':
+            m_SB.Add("\\f");
+            break;
+        case '\n':
+            m_SB.Add("\\n");
+            break;
+        case '\r':
+            m_SB.Add("\\r");
+            break;
+        case '\t':
+            m_SB.Add("\\t");
+            break;
+        default:
+            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Character not currently supported.");
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaJsonWriter::ContinueString(uint32_t n)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_InsideString);
+    m_SB.AddNumber(n);
+}
+
+void VmaJsonWriter::ContinueString(uint64_t n)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_InsideString);
+    m_SB.AddNumber(n);
+}
+
+void VmaJsonWriter::ContinueString_Size(size_t n)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_InsideString);
+    // Fix for AppleClang incorrect type casting
+    // TODO: Change to if constexpr when C++17 used as minimal standard
+    WriteSize(n, std::is_same<size_t, uint64_t>{});
+}
+
+void VmaJsonWriter::ContinueString_Pointer(const void* ptr)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_InsideString);
+    m_SB.AddPointer(ptr);
+}
+
+void VmaJsonWriter::EndString(const char* pStr)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_InsideString);
+    if (pStr != VMA_NULL && pStr[0] != '\0')
+    {
+        ContinueString(pStr);
+    }
+    m_SB.Add('"');
+    m_InsideString = false;
+}
+
+void VmaJsonWriter::WriteNumber(uint32_t n)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
+    BeginValue(false);
+    m_SB.AddNumber(n);
+}
+
+void VmaJsonWriter::WriteNumber(uint64_t n)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
+    BeginValue(false);
+    m_SB.AddNumber(n);
+}
+
+void VmaJsonWriter::WriteSize(size_t n)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
+    BeginValue(false);
+    // Fix for AppleClang incorrect type casting
+    // TODO: Change to if constexpr when C++17 used as minimal standard
+    WriteSize(n, std::is_same<size_t, uint64_t>{});
+}
+
+void VmaJsonWriter::WriteBool(bool b)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
+    BeginValue(false);
+    m_SB.Add(b ? "true" : "false");
+}
+
+void VmaJsonWriter::WriteNull()
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
+    BeginValue(false);
+    m_SB.Add("null");
+}
+
+void VmaJsonWriter::BeginValue(bool isString)
+{
+    if (!m_Stack.empty())
+    {
+        StackItem& currItem = m_Stack.back();
+        if (currItem.type == COLLECTION_TYPE_OBJECT &&
+            currItem.valueCount % 2 == 0)
+        {
+            VMA_ASSERT(isString);
+        }
+
+        if (currItem.type == COLLECTION_TYPE_OBJECT &&
+            currItem.valueCount % 2 != 0)
+        {
+            m_SB.Add(": ");
+        }
+        else if (currItem.valueCount > 0)
+        {
+            m_SB.Add(", ");
+            WriteIndent();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            WriteIndent();
+        }
+        ++currItem.valueCount;
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaJsonWriter::WriteIndent(bool oneLess)
+{
+    if (!m_Stack.empty() && !m_Stack.back().singleLineMode)
+    {
+        m_SB.AddNewLine();
+
+        size_t count = m_Stack.size();
+        if (count > 0 && oneLess)
+        {
+            --count;
+        }
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i)
+        {
+            m_SB.Add(INDENT);
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif // _VMA_JSON_WRITER_FUNCTIONS
+
+static void VmaPrintDetailedStatistics(VmaJsonWriter& json, const VmaDetailedStatistics& stat)
+{
+    json.BeginObject();
+
+    json.WriteString("BlockCount");
+    json.WriteNumber(stat.statistics.blockCount);
+    json.WriteString("BlockBytes");
+    json.WriteNumber(stat.statistics.blockBytes);
+    json.WriteString("AllocationCount");
+    json.WriteNumber(stat.statistics.allocationCount);
+    json.WriteString("AllocationBytes");
+    json.WriteNumber(stat.statistics.allocationBytes);
+    json.WriteString("UnusedRangeCount");
+    json.WriteNumber(stat.unusedRangeCount);
+
+    if (stat.statistics.allocationCount > 1)
+    {
+        json.WriteString("AllocationSizeMin");
+        json.WriteNumber(stat.allocationSizeMin);
+        json.WriteString("AllocationSizeMax");
+        json.WriteNumber(stat.allocationSizeMax);
+    }
+    if (stat.unusedRangeCount > 1)
+    {
+        json.WriteString("UnusedRangeSizeMin");
+        json.WriteNumber(stat.unusedRangeSizeMin);
+        json.WriteString("UnusedRangeSizeMax");
+        json.WriteNumber(stat.unusedRangeSizeMax);
+    }
+    json.EndObject();
+}
+#endif // _VMA_JSON_WRITER
+
+#ifndef _VMA_MAPPING_HYSTERESIS
+
+class VmaMappingHysteresis
+{
+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaMappingHysteresis)
+public:
+    VmaMappingHysteresis() = default;
+
+    uint32_t GetExtraMapping() const { return m_ExtraMapping; }
+
+    // Call when Map was called.
+    // Returns true if switched to extra +1 mapping reference count.
+    bool PostMap()
+    {
+#if VMA_MAPPING_HYSTERESIS_ENABLED
+        if(m_ExtraMapping == 0)
+        {
+            ++m_MajorCounter;
+            if(m_MajorCounter >= COUNTER_MIN_EXTRA_MAPPING)
+            {
+                m_ExtraMapping = 1;
+                m_MajorCounter = 0;
+                m_MinorCounter = 0;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        else // m_ExtraMapping == 1
+            PostMinorCounter();
+#endif // #if VMA_MAPPING_HYSTERESIS_ENABLED
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Call when Unmap was called.
+    void PostUnmap()
+    {
+#if VMA_MAPPING_HYSTERESIS_ENABLED
+        if(m_ExtraMapping == 0)
+            ++m_MajorCounter;
+        else // m_ExtraMapping == 1
+            PostMinorCounter();
+#endif // #if VMA_MAPPING_HYSTERESIS_ENABLED
+    }
+
+    // Call when allocation was made from the memory block.
+    void PostAlloc()
+    {
+#if VMA_MAPPING_HYSTERESIS_ENABLED
+        if(m_ExtraMapping == 1)
+            ++m_MajorCounter;
+        else // m_ExtraMapping == 0
+            PostMinorCounter();
+#endif // #if VMA_MAPPING_HYSTERESIS_ENABLED
+    }
+
+    // Call when allocation was freed from the memory block.
+    // Returns true if switched to extra -1 mapping reference count.
+    bool PostFree()
+    {
+#if VMA_MAPPING_HYSTERESIS_ENABLED
+        if(m_ExtraMapping == 1)
+        {
+            ++m_MajorCounter;
+            if(m_MajorCounter >= COUNTER_MIN_EXTRA_MAPPING &&
+                m_MajorCounter > m_MinorCounter + 1)
+            {
+                m_ExtraMapping = 0;
+                m_MajorCounter = 0;
+                m_MinorCounter = 0;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        else // m_ExtraMapping == 0
+            PostMinorCounter();
+#endif // #if VMA_MAPPING_HYSTERESIS_ENABLED
+        return false;
+    }
+
+private:
+    static const int32_t COUNTER_MIN_EXTRA_MAPPING = 7;
+
+    uint32_t m_MinorCounter = 0;
+    uint32_t m_MajorCounter = 0;
+    uint32_t m_ExtraMapping = 0; // 0 or 1.
+
+    void PostMinorCounter()
+    {
+        if(m_MinorCounter < m_MajorCounter)
+        {
+            ++m_MinorCounter;
+        }
+        else if(m_MajorCounter > 0)
+        {
+            --m_MajorCounter;
+            --m_MinorCounter;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+#endif // _VMA_MAPPING_HYSTERESIS
+
+#ifndef _VMA_DEVICE_MEMORY_BLOCK
+/*
+Represents a single block of device memory (`VkDeviceMemory`) with all the
+data about its regions (aka suballocations, #VmaAllocation), assigned and free.
+
+Thread-safety:
+- Access to m_pMetadata must be externally synchronized.
+- Map, Unmap, Bind* are synchronized internally.
+*/
+class VmaDeviceMemoryBlock
+{
+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaDeviceMemoryBlock)
+public:
+    VmaBlockMetadata* m_pMetadata;
+
+    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock(VmaAllocator hAllocator);
+    ~VmaDeviceMemoryBlock();
+
+    // Always call after construction.
+    void Init(
+        VmaAllocator hAllocator,
+        VmaPool hParentPool,
+        uint32_t newMemoryTypeIndex,
+        VkDeviceMemory newMemory,
+        VkDeviceSize newSize,
+        uint32_t id,
+        uint32_t algorithm,
+        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity);
+    // Always call before destruction.
+    void Destroy(VmaAllocator allocator);
+
+    VmaPool GetParentPool() const { return m_hParentPool; }
+    VkDeviceMemory GetDeviceMemory() const { return m_hMemory; }
+    uint32_t GetMemoryTypeIndex() const { return m_MemoryTypeIndex; }
+    uint32_t GetId() const { return m_Id; }
+    void* GetMappedData() const { return m_pMappedData; }
+    uint32_t GetMapRefCount() const { return m_MapCount; }
+
+    // Call when allocation/free was made from m_pMetadata.
+    // Used for m_MappingHysteresis.
+    void PostAlloc() { m_MappingHysteresis.PostAlloc(); }
+    void PostFree(VmaAllocator hAllocator);
+
+    // Validates all data structures inside this object. If not valid, returns false.
+    bool Validate() const;
+    VkResult CheckCorruption(VmaAllocator hAllocator);
+
+    // ppData can be null.
+    VkResult Map(VmaAllocator hAllocator, uint32_t count, void** ppData);
+    void Unmap(VmaAllocator hAllocator, uint32_t count);
+
+    VkResult WriteMagicValueAfterAllocation(VmaAllocator hAllocator, VkDeviceSize allocOffset, VkDeviceSize allocSize);
+    VkResult ValidateMagicValueAfterAllocation(VmaAllocator hAllocator, VkDeviceSize allocOffset, VkDeviceSize allocSize);
+
+    VkResult BindBufferMemory(
+        const VmaAllocator hAllocator,
+        const VmaAllocation hAllocation,
+        VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
+        VkBuffer hBuffer,
+        const void* pNext);
+    VkResult BindImageMemory(
+        const VmaAllocator hAllocator,
+        const VmaAllocation hAllocation,
+        VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
+        VkImage hImage,
+        const void* pNext);
+
+private:
+    VmaPool m_hParentPool; // VK_NULL_HANDLE if not belongs to custom pool.
+    uint32_t m_MemoryTypeIndex;
+    uint32_t m_Id;
+    VkDeviceMemory m_hMemory;
+
+    /*
+    Protects access to m_hMemory so it is not used by multiple threads simultaneously, e.g. vkMapMemory, vkBindBufferMemory.
+    Also protects m_MapCount, m_pMappedData.
+    Allocations, deallocations, any change in m_pMetadata is protected by parent's VmaBlockVector::m_Mutex.
+    */
+    VMA_MUTEX m_MapAndBindMutex;
+    VmaMappingHysteresis m_MappingHysteresis;
+    uint32_t m_MapCount;
+    void* m_pMappedData;
+};
+#endif // _VMA_DEVICE_MEMORY_BLOCK
+
+#ifndef _VMA_ALLOCATION_T
+struct VmaAllocation_T
+{
+    friend struct VmaDedicatedAllocationListItemTraits;
+
+    enum FLAGS
+    {
+        FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP   = 0x01,
+        FLAG_MAPPING_ALLOWED  = 0x02,
+    };
+
+public:
+    enum ALLOCATION_TYPE
+    {
+        ALLOCATION_TYPE_NONE,
+        ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK,
+        ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED,
+    };
+
+    // This struct is allocated using VmaPoolAllocator.
+    VmaAllocation_T(bool mappingAllowed);
+    ~VmaAllocation_T();
+
+    void InitBlockAllocation(
+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* block,
+        VmaAllocHandle allocHandle,
+        VkDeviceSize alignment,
+        VkDeviceSize size,
+        uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,
+        VmaSuballocationType suballocationType,
+        bool mapped);
+    // pMappedData not null means allocation is created with MAPPED flag.
+    void InitDedicatedAllocation(
+        VmaPool hParentPool,
+        uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,
+        VkDeviceMemory hMemory,
+        VmaSuballocationType suballocationType,
+        void* pMappedData,
+        VkDeviceSize size);
+
+    ALLOCATION_TYPE GetType() const { return (ALLOCATION_TYPE)m_Type; }
+    VkDeviceSize GetAlignment() const { return m_Alignment; }
+    VkDeviceSize GetSize() const { return m_Size; }
+    void* GetUserData() const { return m_pUserData; }
+    const char* GetName() const { return m_pName; }
+    VmaSuballocationType GetSuballocationType() const { return (VmaSuballocationType)m_SuballocationType; }
+
+    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* GetBlock() const { VMA_ASSERT(m_Type == ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK); return m_BlockAllocation.m_Block; }
+    uint32_t GetMemoryTypeIndex() const { return m_MemoryTypeIndex; }
+    bool IsPersistentMap() const { return (m_Flags & FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP) != 0; }
+    bool IsMappingAllowed() const { return (m_Flags & FLAG_MAPPING_ALLOWED) != 0; }
+
+    void SetUserData(VmaAllocator hAllocator, void* pUserData) { m_pUserData = pUserData; }
+    void SetName(VmaAllocator hAllocator, const char* pName);
+    void FreeName(VmaAllocator hAllocator);
+    uint8_t SwapBlockAllocation(VmaAllocator hAllocator, VmaAllocation allocation);
+    VmaAllocHandle GetAllocHandle() const;
+    VkDeviceSize GetOffset() const;
+    VmaPool GetParentPool() const;
+    VkDeviceMemory GetMemory() const;
+    void* GetMappedData() const;
+
+    void BlockAllocMap();
+    void BlockAllocUnmap();
+    VkResult DedicatedAllocMap(VmaAllocator hAllocator, void** ppData);
+    void DedicatedAllocUnmap(VmaAllocator hAllocator);
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+    uint32_t GetBufferImageUsage() const { return m_BufferImageUsage; }
+
+    void InitBufferImageUsage(uint32_t bufferImageUsage);
+    void PrintParameters(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const;
+#endif
+
+private:
+    // Allocation out of VmaDeviceMemoryBlock.
+    struct BlockAllocation
+    {
+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* m_Block;
+        VmaAllocHandle m_AllocHandle;
+    };
+    // Allocation for an object that has its own private VkDeviceMemory.
+    struct DedicatedAllocation
+    {
+        VmaPool m_hParentPool; // VK_NULL_HANDLE if not belongs to custom pool.
+        VkDeviceMemory m_hMemory;
+        void* m_pMappedData; // Not null means memory is mapped.
+        VmaAllocation_T* m_Prev;
+        VmaAllocation_T* m_Next;
+    };
+    union
+    {
+        // Allocation out of VmaDeviceMemoryBlock.
+        BlockAllocation m_BlockAllocation;
+        // Allocation for an object that has its own private VkDeviceMemory.
+        DedicatedAllocation m_DedicatedAllocation;
+    };
+
+    VkDeviceSize m_Alignment;
+    VkDeviceSize m_Size;
+    void* m_pUserData;
+    char* m_pName;
+    uint32_t m_MemoryTypeIndex;
+    uint8_t m_Type; // ALLOCATION_TYPE
+    uint8_t m_SuballocationType; // VmaSuballocationType
+    // Reference counter for vmaMapMemory()/vmaUnmapMemory().
+    uint8_t m_MapCount;
+    uint8_t m_Flags; // enum FLAGS
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+    uint32_t m_BufferImageUsage; // 0 if unknown.
+#endif
+};
+#endif // _VMA_ALLOCATION_T
+
+#ifndef _VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_LIST_ITEM_TRAITS
+struct VmaDedicatedAllocationListItemTraits
+{
+    typedef VmaAllocation_T ItemType;
+
+    static ItemType* GetPrev(const ItemType* item)
+    {
+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(item->GetType() == VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED);
+        return item->m_DedicatedAllocation.m_Prev;
+    }
+    static ItemType* GetNext(const ItemType* item)
+    {
+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(item->GetType() == VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED);
+        return item->m_DedicatedAllocation.m_Next;
+    }
+    static ItemType*& AccessPrev(ItemType* item)
+    {
+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(item->GetType() == VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED);
+        return item->m_DedicatedAllocation.m_Prev;
+    }
+    static ItemType*& AccessNext(ItemType* item)
+    {
+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(item->GetType() == VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED);
+        return item->m_DedicatedAllocation.m_Next;
+    }
+};
+#endif // _VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_LIST_ITEM_TRAITS
+
+#ifndef _VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_LIST
+/*
+Stores linked list of VmaAllocation_T objects.
+Thread-safe, synchronized internally.
+*/
+class VmaDedicatedAllocationList
+{
+public:
+    VmaDedicatedAllocationList() {}
+    ~VmaDedicatedAllocationList();
+
+    void Init(bool useMutex) { m_UseMutex = useMutex; }
+    bool Validate();
+
+    void AddDetailedStatistics(VmaDetailedStatistics& inoutStats);
+    void AddStatistics(VmaStatistics& inoutStats);
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+    // Writes JSON array with the list of allocations.
+    void BuildStatsString(VmaJsonWriter& json);
+#endif
+
+    bool IsEmpty();
+    void Register(VmaAllocation alloc);
+    void Unregister(VmaAllocation alloc);
+
+private:
+    typedef VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<VmaDedicatedAllocationListItemTraits> DedicatedAllocationLinkedList;
+
+    bool m_UseMutex = true;
+    VMA_RW_MUTEX m_Mutex;
+    DedicatedAllocationLinkedList m_AllocationList;
+};
+
+#ifndef _VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_LIST_FUNCTIONS
+
+VmaDedicatedAllocationList::~VmaDedicatedAllocationList()
+{
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(Validate());
+
+    if (!m_AllocationList.IsEmpty())
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(false && "Unfreed dedicated allocations found!");
+    }
+}
+
+bool VmaDedicatedAllocationList::Validate()
+{
+    const size_t declaredCount = m_AllocationList.GetCount();
+    size_t actualCount = 0;
+    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_UseMutex);
+    for (VmaAllocation alloc = m_AllocationList.Front();
+        alloc != VMA_NULL; alloc = m_AllocationList.GetNext(alloc))
+    {
+        ++actualCount;
+    }
+    VMA_VALIDATE(actualCount == declaredCount);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void VmaDedicatedAllocationList::AddDetailedStatistics(VmaDetailedStatistics& inoutStats)
+{
+    for(auto* item = m_AllocationList.Front(); item != nullptr; item = DedicatedAllocationLinkedList::GetNext(item))
+    {
+        const VkDeviceSize size = item->GetSize();
+        inoutStats.statistics.blockCount++;
+        inoutStats.statistics.blockBytes += size;
+        VmaAddDetailedStatisticsAllocation(inoutStats, item->GetSize());
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaDedicatedAllocationList::AddStatistics(VmaStatistics& inoutStats)
+{
+    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_UseMutex);
+
+    const uint32_t allocCount = (uint32_t)m_AllocationList.GetCount();
+    inoutStats.blockCount += allocCount;
+    inoutStats.allocationCount += allocCount;
+
+    for(auto* item = m_AllocationList.Front(); item != nullptr; item = DedicatedAllocationLinkedList::GetNext(item))
+    {
+        const VkDeviceSize size = item->GetSize();
+        inoutStats.blockBytes += size;
+        inoutStats.allocationBytes += size;
+    }
+}
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+void VmaDedicatedAllocationList::BuildStatsString(VmaJsonWriter& json)
+{
+    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_UseMutex);
+    json.BeginArray();
+    for (VmaAllocation alloc = m_AllocationList.Front();
+        alloc != VMA_NULL; alloc = m_AllocationList.GetNext(alloc))
+    {
+        json.BeginObject(true);
+        alloc->PrintParameters(json);
+        json.EndObject();
+    }
+    json.EndArray();
+}
+#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+
+bool VmaDedicatedAllocationList::IsEmpty()
+{
+    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_UseMutex);
+    return m_AllocationList.IsEmpty();
+}
+
+void VmaDedicatedAllocationList::Register(VmaAllocation alloc)
+{
+    VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_Mutex, m_UseMutex);
+    m_AllocationList.PushBack(alloc);
+}
+
+void VmaDedicatedAllocationList::Unregister(VmaAllocation alloc)
+{
+    VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_Mutex, m_UseMutex);
+    m_AllocationList.Remove(alloc);
+}
+#endif // _VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_LIST_FUNCTIONS
+#endif // _VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_LIST
+
+#ifndef _VMA_SUBALLOCATION
+/*
+Represents a region of VmaDeviceMemoryBlock that is either assigned and returned as
+allocated memory block or free.
+*/
+struct VmaSuballocation
+{
+    VkDeviceSize offset;
+    VkDeviceSize size;
+    void* userData;
+    VmaSuballocationType type;
+};
+
+// Comparator for offsets.
+struct VmaSuballocationOffsetLess
+{
+    bool operator()(const VmaSuballocation& lhs, const VmaSuballocation& rhs) const
+    {
+        return lhs.offset < rhs.offset;
+    }
+};
+
+struct VmaSuballocationOffsetGreater
+{
+    bool operator()(const VmaSuballocation& lhs, const VmaSuballocation& rhs) const
+    {
+        return lhs.offset > rhs.offset;
+    }
+};
+
+struct VmaSuballocationItemSizeLess
+{
+    bool operator()(const VmaSuballocationList::iterator lhs,
+        const VmaSuballocationList::iterator rhs) const
+    {
+        return lhs->size < rhs->size;
+    }
+
+    bool operator()(const VmaSuballocationList::iterator lhs,
+        VkDeviceSize rhsSize) const
+    {
+        return lhs->size < rhsSize;
+    }
+};
+#endif // _VMA_SUBALLOCATION
+
+#ifndef _VMA_ALLOCATION_REQUEST
+/*
+Parameters of planned allocation inside a VmaDeviceMemoryBlock.
+item points to a FREE suballocation.
+*/
+struct VmaAllocationRequest
+{
+    VmaAllocHandle allocHandle;
+    VkDeviceSize size;
+    VmaSuballocationList::iterator item;
+    void* customData;
+    uint64_t algorithmData;
+    VmaAllocationRequestType type;
+};
+#endif // _VMA_ALLOCATION_REQUEST
+
+#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA
+/*
+Data structure used for bookkeeping of allocations and unused ranges of memory
+in a single VkDeviceMemory block.
+*/
+class VmaBlockMetadata
+{
+public:
+    // pAllocationCallbacks, if not null, must be owned externally - alive and unchanged for the whole lifetime of this object.
+    VmaBlockMetadata(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
+        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity, bool isVirtual);
+    virtual ~VmaBlockMetadata() = default;
+
+    virtual void Init(VkDeviceSize size) { m_Size = size; }
+    bool IsVirtual() const { return m_IsVirtual; }
+    VkDeviceSize GetSize() const { return m_Size; }
+
+    // Validates all data structures inside this object. If not valid, returns false.
+    virtual bool Validate() const = 0;
+    virtual size_t GetAllocationCount() const = 0;
+    virtual size_t GetFreeRegionsCount() const = 0;
+    virtual VkDeviceSize GetSumFreeSize() const = 0;
+    // Returns true if this block is empty - contains only single free suballocation.
+    virtual bool IsEmpty() const = 0;
+    virtual void GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo) = 0;
+    virtual VkDeviceSize GetAllocationOffset(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) const = 0;
+    virtual void* GetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) const = 0;
+
+    virtual VmaAllocHandle GetAllocationListBegin() const = 0;
+    virtual VmaAllocHandle GetNextAllocation(VmaAllocHandle prevAlloc) const = 0;
+    virtual VkDeviceSize GetNextFreeRegionSize(VmaAllocHandle alloc) const = 0;
+
+    // Shouldn't modify blockCount.
+    virtual void AddDetailedStatistics(VmaDetailedStatistics& inoutStats) const = 0;
+    virtual void AddStatistics(VmaStatistics& inoutStats) const = 0;
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+    virtual void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const = 0;
+#endif
+
+    // Tries to find a place for suballocation with given parameters inside this block.
+    // If succeeded, fills pAllocationRequest and returns true.
+    // If failed, returns false.
+    virtual bool CreateAllocationRequest(
+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,
+        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
+        bool upperAddress,
+        VmaSuballocationType allocType,
+        // Always one of VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_* or VMA_ALLOCATION_INTERNAL_STRATEGY_* flags.
+        uint32_t strategy,
+        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest) = 0;
+
+    virtual VkResult CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData) = 0;
+
+    // Makes actual allocation based on request. Request must already be checked and valid.
+    virtual void Alloc(
+        const VmaAllocationRequest& request,
+        VmaSuballocationType type,
+        void* userData) = 0;
+
+    // Frees suballocation assigned to given memory region.
+    virtual void Free(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) = 0;
+
+    // Frees all allocations.
+    // Careful! Don't call it if there are VmaAllocation objects owned by userData of cleared allocations!
+    virtual void Clear() = 0;
+
+    virtual void SetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, void* userData) = 0;
+    virtual void DebugLogAllAllocations() const = 0;
+
+protected:
+    const VkAllocationCallbacks* GetAllocationCallbacks() const { return m_pAllocationCallbacks; }
+    VkDeviceSize GetBufferImageGranularity() const { return m_BufferImageGranularity; }
+    VkDeviceSize GetDebugMargin() const { return IsVirtual() ? 0 : VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN; }
+
+    void DebugLogAllocation(VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size, void* userData) const;
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+    // mapRefCount == UINT32_MAX means unspecified.
+    void PrintDetailedMap_Begin(class VmaJsonWriter& json,
+        VkDeviceSize unusedBytes,
+        size_t allocationCount,
+        size_t unusedRangeCount) const;
+    void PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(class VmaJsonWriter& json,
+        VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size, void* userData) const;
+    void PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(class VmaJsonWriter& json,
+        VkDeviceSize offset,
+        VkDeviceSize size) const;
+    void PrintDetailedMap_End(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const;
+#endif
+
+private:
+    VkDeviceSize m_Size;
+    const VkAllocationCallbacks* m_pAllocationCallbacks;
+    const VkDeviceSize m_BufferImageGranularity;
+    const bool m_IsVirtual;
+};
+
+#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_FUNCTIONS
+VmaBlockMetadata::VmaBlockMetadata(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
+    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity, bool isVirtual)
+    : m_Size(0),
+    m_pAllocationCallbacks(pAllocationCallbacks),
+    m_BufferImageGranularity(bufferImageGranularity),
+    m_IsVirtual(isVirtual) {}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata::DebugLogAllocation(VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size, void* userData) const
+{
+    if (IsVirtual())
+    {
+        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("UNFREED VIRTUAL ALLOCATION; Offset: %llu; Size: %llu; UserData: %p", offset, size, userData);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(userData != VMA_NULL);
+        VmaAllocation allocation = reinterpret_cast<VmaAllocation>(userData);
+
+        userData = allocation->GetUserData();
+        const char* name = allocation->GetName();
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("UNFREED ALLOCATION; Offset: %llu; Size: %llu; UserData: %p; Name: %s; Type: %s; Usage: %u",
+            offset, size, userData, name ? name : "vma_empty",
+            VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_NAMES[allocation->GetSuballocationType()],
+            allocation->GetBufferImageUsage());
+#else
+        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("UNFREED ALLOCATION; Offset: %llu; Size: %llu; UserData: %p; Name: %s; Type: %u",
+            offset, size, userData, name ? name : "vma_empty",
+            (uint32_t)allocation->GetSuballocationType());
+#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+    }
+    
+}
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+void VmaBlockMetadata::PrintDetailedMap_Begin(class VmaJsonWriter& json,
+    VkDeviceSize unusedBytes, size_t allocationCount, size_t unusedRangeCount) const
+{
+    json.WriteString("TotalBytes");
+    json.WriteNumber(GetSize());
+
+    json.WriteString("UnusedBytes");
+    json.WriteSize(unusedBytes);
+
+    json.WriteString("Allocations");
+    json.WriteSize(allocationCount);
+
+    json.WriteString("UnusedRanges");
+    json.WriteSize(unusedRangeCount);
+
+    json.WriteString("Suballocations");
+    json.BeginArray();
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata::PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(class VmaJsonWriter& json,
+    VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size, void* userData) const
+{
+    json.BeginObject(true);
+
+    json.WriteString("Offset");
+    json.WriteNumber(offset);
+
+    if (IsVirtual())
+    {
+        json.WriteString("Size");
+        json.WriteNumber(size);
+        if (userData)
+        {
+            json.WriteString("CustomData");
+            json.BeginString();
+            json.ContinueString_Pointer(userData);
+            json.EndString();
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ((VmaAllocation)userData)->PrintParameters(json);
+    }
+
+    json.EndObject();
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata::PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(class VmaJsonWriter& json,
+    VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size) const
+{
+    json.BeginObject(true);
+
+    json.WriteString("Offset");
+    json.WriteNumber(offset);
+
+    json.WriteString("Type");
+    json.WriteString(VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_NAMES[VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE]);
+
+    json.WriteString("Size");
+    json.WriteNumber(size);
+
+    json.EndObject();
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata::PrintDetailedMap_End(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const
+{
+    json.EndArray();
+}
+#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_FUNCTIONS
+#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA
+
+#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY
+// Before deleting object of this class remember to call 'Destroy()'
+class VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity final
+{
+public:
+    struct ValidationContext
+    {
+        const VkAllocationCallbacks* allocCallbacks;
+        uint16_t* pageAllocs;
+    };
+
+    VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity(VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity);
+    ~VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity();
+
+    bool IsEnabled() const { return m_BufferImageGranularity > MAX_LOW_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY; }
+
+    void Init(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, VkDeviceSize size);
+    // Before destroying object you must call free it's memory
+    void Destroy(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
+
+    void RoundupAllocRequest(VmaSuballocationType allocType,
+        VkDeviceSize& inOutAllocSize,
+        VkDeviceSize& inOutAllocAlignment) const;
+
+    bool CheckConflictAndAlignUp(VkDeviceSize& inOutAllocOffset,
+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,
+        VkDeviceSize blockOffset,
+        VkDeviceSize blockSize,
+        VmaSuballocationType allocType) const;
+
+    void AllocPages(uint8_t allocType, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size);
+    void FreePages(VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size);
+    void Clear();
+
+    ValidationContext StartValidation(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
+        bool isVirutal) const;
+    bool Validate(ValidationContext& ctx, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size) const;
+    bool FinishValidation(ValidationContext& ctx) const;
+
+private:
+    static const uint16_t MAX_LOW_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY = 256;
+
+    struct RegionInfo
+    {
+        uint8_t allocType;
+        uint16_t allocCount;
+    };
+
+    VkDeviceSize m_BufferImageGranularity;
+    uint32_t m_RegionCount;
+    RegionInfo* m_RegionInfo;
+
+    uint32_t GetStartPage(VkDeviceSize offset) const { return OffsetToPageIndex(offset & ~(m_BufferImageGranularity - 1)); }
+    uint32_t GetEndPage(VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size) const { return OffsetToPageIndex((offset + size - 1) & ~(m_BufferImageGranularity - 1)); }
+
+    uint32_t OffsetToPageIndex(VkDeviceSize offset) const;
+    void AllocPage(RegionInfo& page, uint8_t allocType);
+};
+
+#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY_FUNCTIONS
+VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity(VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity)
+    : m_BufferImageGranularity(bufferImageGranularity),
+    m_RegionCount(0),
+    m_RegionInfo(VMA_NULL) {}
+
+VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::~VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity()
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_RegionInfo == VMA_NULL && "Free not called before destroying object!");
+}
+
+void VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::Init(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, VkDeviceSize size)
+{
+    if (IsEnabled())
+    {
+        m_RegionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(VmaDivideRoundingUp(size, m_BufferImageGranularity));
+        m_RegionInfo = vma_new_array(pAllocationCallbacks, RegionInfo, m_RegionCount);
+        memset(m_RegionInfo, 0, m_RegionCount * sizeof(RegionInfo));
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::Destroy(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+{
+    if (m_RegionInfo)
+    {
+        vma_delete_array(pAllocationCallbacks, m_RegionInfo, m_RegionCount);
+        m_RegionInfo = VMA_NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::RoundupAllocRequest(VmaSuballocationType allocType,
+    VkDeviceSize& inOutAllocSize,
+    VkDeviceSize& inOutAllocAlignment) const
+{
+    if (m_BufferImageGranularity > 1 &&
+        m_BufferImageGranularity <= MAX_LOW_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY)
+    {
+        if (allocType == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN ||
+            allocType == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_UNKNOWN ||
+            allocType == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL)
+        {
+            inOutAllocAlignment = VMA_MAX(inOutAllocAlignment, m_BufferImageGranularity);
+            inOutAllocSize = VmaAlignUp(inOutAllocSize, m_BufferImageGranularity);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::CheckConflictAndAlignUp(VkDeviceSize& inOutAllocOffset,
+    VkDeviceSize allocSize,
+    VkDeviceSize blockOffset,
+    VkDeviceSize blockSize,
+    VmaSuballocationType allocType) const
+{
+    if (IsEnabled())
+    {
+        uint32_t startPage = GetStartPage(inOutAllocOffset);
+        if (m_RegionInfo[startPage].allocCount > 0 &&
+            VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(static_cast<VmaSuballocationType>(m_RegionInfo[startPage].allocType), allocType))
+        {
+            inOutAllocOffset = VmaAlignUp(inOutAllocOffset, m_BufferImageGranularity);
+            if (blockSize < allocSize + inOutAllocOffset - blockOffset)
+                return true;
+            ++startPage;
+        }
+        uint32_t endPage = GetEndPage(inOutAllocOffset, allocSize);
+        if (endPage != startPage &&
+            m_RegionInfo[endPage].allocCount > 0 &&
+            VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(static_cast<VmaSuballocationType>(m_RegionInfo[endPage].allocType), allocType))
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::AllocPages(uint8_t allocType, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size)
+{
+    if (IsEnabled())
+    {
+        uint32_t startPage = GetStartPage(offset);
+        AllocPage(m_RegionInfo[startPage], allocType);
+
+        uint32_t endPage = GetEndPage(offset, size);
+        if (startPage != endPage)
+            AllocPage(m_RegionInfo[endPage], allocType);
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::FreePages(VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size)
+{
+    if (IsEnabled())
+    {
+        uint32_t startPage = GetStartPage(offset);
+        --m_RegionInfo[startPage].allocCount;
+        if (m_RegionInfo[startPage].allocCount == 0)
+            m_RegionInfo[startPage].allocType = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
+        uint32_t endPage = GetEndPage(offset, size);
+        if (startPage != endPage)
+        {
+            --m_RegionInfo[endPage].allocCount;
+            if (m_RegionInfo[endPage].allocCount == 0)
+                m_RegionInfo[endPage].allocType = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::Clear()
+{
+    if (m_RegionInfo)
+        memset(m_RegionInfo, 0, m_RegionCount * sizeof(RegionInfo));
+}
+
+VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::ValidationContext VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::StartValidation(
+    const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, bool isVirutal) const
+{
+    ValidationContext ctx{ pAllocationCallbacks, VMA_NULL };
+    if (!isVirutal && IsEnabled())
+    {
+        ctx.pageAllocs = vma_new_array(pAllocationCallbacks, uint16_t, m_RegionCount);
+        memset(ctx.pageAllocs, 0, m_RegionCount * sizeof(uint16_t));
+    }
+    return ctx;
+}
+
+bool VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::Validate(ValidationContext& ctx,
+    VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size) const
+{
+    if (IsEnabled())
+    {
+        uint32_t start = GetStartPage(offset);
+        ++ctx.pageAllocs[start];
+        VMA_VALIDATE(m_RegionInfo[start].allocCount > 0);
+
+        uint32_t end = GetEndPage(offset, size);
+        if (start != end)
+        {
+            ++ctx.pageAllocs[end];
+            VMA_VALIDATE(m_RegionInfo[end].allocCount > 0);
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::FinishValidation(ValidationContext& ctx) const
+{
+    // Check proper page structure
+    if (IsEnabled())
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(ctx.pageAllocs != VMA_NULL && "Validation context not initialized!");
+
+        for (uint32_t page = 0; page < m_RegionCount; ++page)
+        {
+            VMA_VALIDATE(ctx.pageAllocs[page] == m_RegionInfo[page].allocCount);
+        }
+        vma_delete_array(ctx.allocCallbacks, ctx.pageAllocs, m_RegionCount);
+        ctx.pageAllocs = VMA_NULL;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+uint32_t VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::OffsetToPageIndex(VkDeviceSize offset) const
+{
+    return static_cast<uint32_t>(offset >> VMA_BITSCAN_MSB(m_BufferImageGranularity));
+}
+
+void VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity::AllocPage(RegionInfo& page, uint8_t allocType)
+{
+    // When current alloc type is free then it can be overriden by new type
+    if (page.allocCount == 0 || (page.allocCount > 0 && page.allocType == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE))
+        page.allocType = allocType;
+
+    ++page.allocCount;
+}
+#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY_FUNCTIONS
+#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY
+
+#if 0
+#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_GENERIC
+class VmaBlockMetadata_Generic : public VmaBlockMetadata
+{
+    friend class VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic;
+    friend class VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast;
+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaBlockMetadata_Generic)
+public:
+    VmaBlockMetadata_Generic(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
+        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity, bool isVirtual);
+    virtual ~VmaBlockMetadata_Generic() = default;
+
+    size_t GetAllocationCount() const override { return m_Suballocations.size() - m_FreeCount; }
+    VkDeviceSize GetSumFreeSize() const override { return m_SumFreeSize; }
+    bool IsEmpty() const override { return (m_Suballocations.size() == 1) && (m_FreeCount == 1); }
+    void Free(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) override { FreeSuballocation(FindAtOffset((VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1)); }
+    VkDeviceSize GetAllocationOffset(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) const override { return (VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1; };
+
+    void Init(VkDeviceSize size) override;
+    bool Validate() const override;
+
+    void AddDetailedStatistics(VmaDetailedStatistics& inoutStats) const override;
+    void AddStatistics(VmaStatistics& inoutStats) const override;
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+    void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json, uint32_t mapRefCount) const override;
+#endif
+
+    bool CreateAllocationRequest(
+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,
+        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
+        bool upperAddress,
+        VmaSuballocationType allocType,
+        uint32_t strategy,
+        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest) override;
+
+    VkResult CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData) override;
+
+    void Alloc(
+        const VmaAllocationRequest& request,
+        VmaSuballocationType type,
+        void* userData) override;
+
+    void GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo) override;
+    void* GetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) const override;
+    VmaAllocHandle GetAllocationListBegin() const override;
+    VmaAllocHandle GetNextAllocation(VmaAllocHandle prevAlloc) const override;
+    void Clear() override;
+    void SetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, void* userData) override;
+    void DebugLogAllAllocations() const override;
+
+private:
+    uint32_t m_FreeCount;
+    VkDeviceSize m_SumFreeSize;
+    VmaSuballocationList m_Suballocations;
+    // Suballocations that are free. Sorted by size, ascending.
+    VmaVector<VmaSuballocationList::iterator, VmaStlAllocator<VmaSuballocationList::iterator>> m_FreeSuballocationsBySize;
+
+    VkDeviceSize AlignAllocationSize(VkDeviceSize size) const { return IsVirtual() ? size : VmaAlignUp(size, (VkDeviceSize)16); }
+
+    VmaSuballocationList::iterator FindAtOffset(VkDeviceSize offset) const;
+    bool ValidateFreeSuballocationList() const;
+
+    // Checks if requested suballocation with given parameters can be placed in given pFreeSuballocItem.
+    // If yes, fills pOffset and returns true. If no, returns false.
+    bool CheckAllocation(
+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,
+        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
+        VmaSuballocationType allocType,
+        VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator suballocItem,
+        VmaAllocHandle* pAllocHandle) const;
+
+    // Given free suballocation, it merges it with following one, which must also be free.
+    void MergeFreeWithNext(VmaSuballocationList::iterator item);
+    // Releases given suballocation, making it free.
+    // Merges it with adjacent free suballocations if applicable.
+    // Returns iterator to new free suballocation at this place.
+    VmaSuballocationList::iterator FreeSuballocation(VmaSuballocationList::iterator suballocItem);
+    // Given free suballocation, it inserts it into sorted list of
+    // m_FreeSuballocationsBySize if it is suitable.
+    void RegisterFreeSuballocation(VmaSuballocationList::iterator item);
+    // Given free suballocation, it removes it from sorted list of
+    // m_FreeSuballocationsBySize if it is suitable.
+    void UnregisterFreeSuballocation(VmaSuballocationList::iterator item);
+};
+
+#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_GENERIC_FUNCTIONS
+VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::VmaBlockMetadata_Generic(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
+    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity, bool isVirtual)
+    : VmaBlockMetadata(pAllocationCallbacks, bufferImageGranularity, isVirtual),
+    m_FreeCount(0),
+    m_SumFreeSize(0),
+    m_Suballocations(VmaStlAllocator<VmaSuballocation>(pAllocationCallbacks)),
+    m_FreeSuballocationsBySize(VmaStlAllocator<VmaSuballocationList::iterator>(pAllocationCallbacks)) {}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::Init(VkDeviceSize size)
+{
+    VmaBlockMetadata::Init(size);
+
+    m_FreeCount = 1;
+    m_SumFreeSize = size;
+
+    VmaSuballocation suballoc = {};
+    suballoc.offset = 0;
+    suballoc.size = size;
+    suballoc.type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
+
+    m_Suballocations.push_back(suballoc);
+    m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.push_back(m_Suballocations.begin());
+}
+
+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::Validate() const
+{
+    VMA_VALIDATE(!m_Suballocations.empty());
+
+    // Expected offset of new suballocation as calculated from previous ones.
+    VkDeviceSize calculatedOffset = 0;
+    // Expected number of free suballocations as calculated from traversing their list.
+    uint32_t calculatedFreeCount = 0;
+    // Expected sum size of free suballocations as calculated from traversing their list.
+    VkDeviceSize calculatedSumFreeSize = 0;
+    // Expected number of free suballocations that should be registered in
+    // m_FreeSuballocationsBySize calculated from traversing their list.
+    size_t freeSuballocationsToRegister = 0;
+    // True if previous visited suballocation was free.
+    bool prevFree = false;
+
+    const VkDeviceSize debugMargin = GetDebugMargin();
+
+    for (const auto& subAlloc : m_Suballocations)
+    {
+        // Actual offset of this suballocation doesn't match expected one.
+        VMA_VALIDATE(subAlloc.offset == calculatedOffset);
+
+        const bool currFree = (subAlloc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
+        // Two adjacent free suballocations are invalid. They should be merged.
+        VMA_VALIDATE(!prevFree || !currFree);
+
+        VmaAllocation alloc = (VmaAllocation)subAlloc.userData;
+        if (!IsVirtual())
+        {
+            VMA_VALIDATE(currFree == (alloc == VK_NULL_HANDLE));
+        }
+
+        if (currFree)
+        {
+            calculatedSumFreeSize += subAlloc.size;
+            ++calculatedFreeCount;
+            ++freeSuballocationsToRegister;
+
+            // Margin required between allocations - every free space must be at least that large.
+            VMA_VALIDATE(subAlloc.size >= debugMargin);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (!IsVirtual())
+            {
+                VMA_VALIDATE((VkDeviceSize)alloc->GetAllocHandle() == subAlloc.offset + 1);
+                VMA_VALIDATE(alloc->GetSize() == subAlloc.size);
+            }
+
+            // Margin required between allocations - previous allocation must be free.
+            VMA_VALIDATE(debugMargin == 0 || prevFree);
+        }
+
+        calculatedOffset += subAlloc.size;
+        prevFree = currFree;
+    }
+
+    // Number of free suballocations registered in m_FreeSuballocationsBySize doesn't
+    // match expected one.
+    VMA_VALIDATE(m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.size() == freeSuballocationsToRegister);
+
+    VkDeviceSize lastSize = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.size(); ++i)
+    {
+        VmaSuballocationList::iterator suballocItem = m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[i];
+
+        // Only free suballocations can be registered in m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.
+        VMA_VALIDATE(suballocItem->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
+        // They must be sorted by size ascending.
+        VMA_VALIDATE(suballocItem->size >= lastSize);
+
+        lastSize = suballocItem->size;
+    }
+
+    // Check if totals match calculated values.
+    VMA_VALIDATE(ValidateFreeSuballocationList());
+    VMA_VALIDATE(calculatedOffset == GetSize());
+    VMA_VALIDATE(calculatedSumFreeSize == m_SumFreeSize);
+    VMA_VALIDATE(calculatedFreeCount == m_FreeCount);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::AddDetailedStatistics(VmaDetailedStatistics& inoutStats) const
+{
+    const uint32_t rangeCount = (uint32_t)m_Suballocations.size();
+    inoutStats.statistics.blockCount++;
+    inoutStats.statistics.blockBytes += GetSize();
+
+    for (const auto& suballoc : m_Suballocations)
+    {
+        if (suballoc.type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
+            VmaAddDetailedStatisticsAllocation(inoutStats, suballoc.size);
+        else
+            VmaAddDetailedStatisticsUnusedRange(inoutStats, suballoc.size);
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::AddStatistics(VmaStatistics& inoutStats) const
+{
+    inoutStats.blockCount++;
+    inoutStats.allocationCount += (uint32_t)m_Suballocations.size() - m_FreeCount;
+    inoutStats.blockBytes += GetSize();
+    inoutStats.allocationBytes += GetSize() - m_SumFreeSize;
+}
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json, uint32_t mapRefCount) const
+{
+    PrintDetailedMap_Begin(json,
+        m_SumFreeSize, // unusedBytes
+        m_Suballocations.size() - (size_t)m_FreeCount, // allocationCount
+        m_FreeCount, // unusedRangeCount
+        mapRefCount);
+
+    for (const auto& suballoc : m_Suballocations)
+    {
+        if (suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
+        {
+            PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, suballoc.offset, suballoc.size);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(json, suballoc.offset, suballoc.size, suballoc.userData);
+        }
+    }
+
+    PrintDetailedMap_End(json);
+}
+#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+
+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::CreateAllocationRequest(
+    VkDeviceSize allocSize,
+    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
+    bool upperAddress,
+    VmaSuballocationType allocType,
+    uint32_t strategy,
+    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocSize > 0);
+    VMA_ASSERT(!upperAddress);
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocType != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
+    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationRequest != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(Validate());
+
+    allocSize = AlignAllocationSize(allocSize);
+
+    pAllocationRequest->type = VmaAllocationRequestType::Normal;
+    pAllocationRequest->size = allocSize;
+
+    const VkDeviceSize debugMargin = GetDebugMargin();
+
+    // There is not enough total free space in this block to fulfill the request: Early return.
+    if (m_SumFreeSize < allocSize + debugMargin)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // New algorithm, efficiently searching freeSuballocationsBySize.
+    const size_t freeSuballocCount = m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.size();
+    if (freeSuballocCount > 0)
+    {
+        if (strategy == 0 ||
+            strategy == VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT)
+        {
+            // Find first free suballocation with size not less than allocSize + debugMargin.
+            VmaSuballocationList::iterator* const it = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(
+                m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.data(),
+                m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.data() + freeSuballocCount,
+                allocSize + debugMargin,
+                VmaSuballocationItemSizeLess());
+            size_t index = it - m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.data();
+            for (; index < freeSuballocCount; ++index)
+            {
+                if (CheckAllocation(
+                    allocSize,
+                    allocAlignment,
+                    allocType,
+                    m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[index],
+                    &pAllocationRequest->allocHandle))
+                {
+                    pAllocationRequest->item = m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[index];
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else if (strategy == VMA_ALLOCATION_INTERNAL_STRATEGY_MIN_OFFSET)
+        {
+            for (VmaSuballocationList::iterator it = m_Suballocations.begin();
+                it != m_Suballocations.end();
+                ++it)
+            {
+                if (it->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE && CheckAllocation(
+                    allocSize,
+                    allocAlignment,
+                    allocType,
+                    it,
+                    &pAllocationRequest->allocHandle))
+                {
+                    pAllocationRequest->item = it;
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            VMA_ASSERT(strategy & (VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT | VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_OFFSET_BIT ));
+            // Search staring from biggest suballocations.
+            for (size_t index = freeSuballocCount; index--; )
+            {
+                if (CheckAllocation(
+                    allocSize,
+                    allocAlignment,
+                    allocType,
+                    m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[index],
+                    &pAllocationRequest->allocHandle))
+                {
+                    pAllocationRequest->item = m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[index];
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+VkResult VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData)
+{
+    for (auto& suballoc : m_Suballocations)
+    {
+        if (suballoc.type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
+        {
+            if (!VmaValidateMagicValue(pBlockData, suballoc.offset + suballoc.size))
+            {
+                VMA_ASSERT(0 && "MEMORY CORRUPTION DETECTED AFTER VALIDATED ALLOCATION!");
+                return VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN_COPY;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return VK_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::Alloc(
+    const VmaAllocationRequest& request,
+    VmaSuballocationType type,
+    void* userData)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(request.type == VmaAllocationRequestType::Normal);
+    VMA_ASSERT(request.item != m_Suballocations.end());
+    VmaSuballocation& suballoc = *request.item;
+    // Given suballocation is a free block.
+    VMA_ASSERT(suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
+
+    // Given offset is inside this suballocation.
+    VMA_ASSERT((VkDeviceSize)request.allocHandle - 1 >= suballoc.offset);
+    const VkDeviceSize paddingBegin = (VkDeviceSize)request.allocHandle - suballoc.offset - 1;
+    VMA_ASSERT(suballoc.size >= paddingBegin + request.size);
+    const VkDeviceSize paddingEnd = suballoc.size - paddingBegin - request.size;
+
+    // Unregister this free suballocation from m_FreeSuballocationsBySize and update
+    // it to become used.
+    UnregisterFreeSuballocation(request.item);
+
+    suballoc.offset = (VkDeviceSize)request.allocHandle - 1;
+    suballoc.size = request.size;
+    suballoc.type = type;
+    suballoc.userData = userData;
+
+    // If there are any free bytes remaining at the end, insert new free suballocation after current one.
+    if (paddingEnd)
+    {
+        VmaSuballocation paddingSuballoc = {};
+        paddingSuballoc.offset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
+        paddingSuballoc.size = paddingEnd;
+        paddingSuballoc.type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
+        VmaSuballocationList::iterator next = request.item;
+        ++next;
+        const VmaSuballocationList::iterator paddingEndItem =
+            m_Suballocations.insert(next, paddingSuballoc);
+        RegisterFreeSuballocation(paddingEndItem);
+    }
+
+    // If there are any free bytes remaining at the beginning, insert new free suballocation before current one.
+    if (paddingBegin)
+    {
+        VmaSuballocation paddingSuballoc = {};
+        paddingSuballoc.offset = suballoc.offset - paddingBegin;
+        paddingSuballoc.size = paddingBegin;
+        paddingSuballoc.type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
+        const VmaSuballocationList::iterator paddingBeginItem =
+            m_Suballocations.insert(request.item, paddingSuballoc);
+        RegisterFreeSuballocation(paddingBeginItem);
+    }
+
+    // Update totals.
+    m_FreeCount = m_FreeCount - 1;
+    if (paddingBegin > 0)
+    {
+        ++m_FreeCount;
+    }
+    if (paddingEnd > 0)
+    {
+        ++m_FreeCount;
+    }
+    m_SumFreeSize -= request.size;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo)
+{
+    outInfo.offset = (VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1;
+    const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = *FindAtOffset(outInfo.offset);
+    outInfo.size = suballoc.size;
+    outInfo.pUserData = suballoc.userData;
+}
+
+void* VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::GetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) const
+{
+    return FindAtOffset((VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1)->userData;
+}
+
+VmaAllocHandle VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::GetAllocationListBegin() const
+{
+    if (IsEmpty())
+        return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+    for (const auto& suballoc : m_Suballocations)
+    {
+        if (suballoc.type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
+            return (VmaAllocHandle)(suballoc.offset + 1);
+    }
+    VMA_ASSERT(false && "Should contain at least 1 allocation!");
+    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+}
+
+VmaAllocHandle VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::GetNextAllocation(VmaAllocHandle prevAlloc) const
+{
+    VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator prev = FindAtOffset((VkDeviceSize)prevAlloc - 1);
+
+    for (VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator it = ++prev; it != m_Suballocations.end(); ++it)
+    {
+        if (it->type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
+            return (VmaAllocHandle)(it->offset + 1);
+    }
+    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::Clear()
+{
+    const VkDeviceSize size = GetSize();
+
+    VMA_ASSERT(IsVirtual());
+    m_FreeCount = 1;
+    m_SumFreeSize = size;
+    m_Suballocations.clear();
+    m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.clear();
+
+    VmaSuballocation suballoc = {};
+    suballoc.offset = 0;
+    suballoc.size = size;
+    suballoc.type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
+    m_Suballocations.push_back(suballoc);
+
+    m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.push_back(m_Suballocations.begin());
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::SetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, void* userData)
+{
+    VmaSuballocation& suballoc = *FindAtOffset((VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1);
+    suballoc.userData = userData;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::DebugLogAllAllocations() const
+{
+    for (const auto& suballoc : m_Suballocations)
+    {
+        if (suballoc.type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
+            DebugLogAllocation(suballoc.offset, suballoc.size, suballoc.userData);
+    }
+}
+
+VmaSuballocationList::iterator VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::FindAtOffset(VkDeviceSize offset) const
+{
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(!m_Suballocations.empty());
+    const VkDeviceSize last = m_Suballocations.rbegin()->offset;
+    if (last == offset)
+        return m_Suballocations.rbegin().drop_const();
+    const VkDeviceSize first = m_Suballocations.begin()->offset;
+    if (first == offset)
+        return m_Suballocations.begin().drop_const();
+
+    const size_t suballocCount = m_Suballocations.size();
+    const VkDeviceSize step = (last - first + m_Suballocations.begin()->size) / suballocCount;
+    auto findSuballocation = [&](auto begin, auto end) -> VmaSuballocationList::iterator
+    {
+        for (auto suballocItem = begin;
+            suballocItem != end;
+            ++suballocItem)
+        {
+            if (suballocItem->offset == offset)
+                return suballocItem.drop_const();
+        }
+        VMA_ASSERT(false && "Not found!");
+        return m_Suballocations.end().drop_const();
+    };
+    // If requested offset is closer to the end of range, search from the end
+    if (offset - first > suballocCount * step / 2)
+    {
+        return findSuballocation(m_Suballocations.rbegin(), m_Suballocations.rend());
+    }
+    return findSuballocation(m_Suballocations.begin(), m_Suballocations.end());
+}
+
+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::ValidateFreeSuballocationList() const
+{
+    VkDeviceSize lastSize = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0, count = m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.size(); i < count; ++i)
+    {
+        const VmaSuballocationList::iterator it = m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[i];
+
+        VMA_VALIDATE(it->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
+        VMA_VALIDATE(it->size >= lastSize);
+        lastSize = it->size;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::CheckAllocation(
+    VkDeviceSize allocSize,
+    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
+    VmaSuballocationType allocType,
+    VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator suballocItem,
+    VmaAllocHandle* pAllocHandle) const
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocSize > 0);
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocType != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
+    VMA_ASSERT(suballocItem != m_Suballocations.cend());
+    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocHandle != VMA_NULL);
+
+    const VkDeviceSize debugMargin = GetDebugMargin();
+    const VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity = GetBufferImageGranularity();
+
+    const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = *suballocItem;
+    VMA_ASSERT(suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
+
+    // Size of this suballocation is too small for this request: Early return.
+    if (suballoc.size < allocSize)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Start from offset equal to beginning of this suballocation.
+    VkDeviceSize offset = suballoc.offset + (suballocItem == m_Suballocations.cbegin() ? 0 : GetDebugMargin());
+
+    // Apply debugMargin from the end of previous alloc.
+    if (debugMargin > 0)
+    {
+        offset += debugMargin;
+    }
+
+    // Apply alignment.
+    offset = VmaAlignUp(offset, allocAlignment);
+
+    // Check previous suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.
+    // Make bigger alignment if necessary.
+    if (bufferImageGranularity > 1 && bufferImageGranularity != allocAlignment)
+    {
+        bool bufferImageGranularityConflict = false;
+        VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator prevSuballocItem = suballocItem;
+        while (prevSuballocItem != m_Suballocations.cbegin())
+        {
+            --prevSuballocItem;
+            const VmaSuballocation& prevSuballoc = *prevSuballocItem;
+            if (VmaBlocksOnSamePage(prevSuballoc.offset, prevSuballoc.size, offset, bufferImageGranularity))
+            {
+                if (VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(prevSuballoc.type, allocType))
+                {
+                    bufferImageGranularityConflict = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+                // Already on previous page.
+                break;
+        }
+        if (bufferImageGranularityConflict)
+        {
+            offset = VmaAlignUp(offset, bufferImageGranularity);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Calculate padding at the beginning based on current offset.
+    const VkDeviceSize paddingBegin = offset - suballoc.offset;
+
+    // Fail if requested size plus margin after is bigger than size of this suballocation.
+    if (paddingBegin + allocSize + debugMargin > suballoc.size)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Check next suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.
+    // If conflict exists, allocation cannot be made here.
+    if (allocSize % bufferImageGranularity || offset % bufferImageGranularity)
+    {
+        VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator nextSuballocItem = suballocItem;
+        ++nextSuballocItem;
+        while (nextSuballocItem != m_Suballocations.cend())
+        {
+            const VmaSuballocation& nextSuballoc = *nextSuballocItem;
+            if (VmaBlocksOnSamePage(offset, allocSize, nextSuballoc.offset, bufferImageGranularity))
+            {
+                if (VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(allocType, nextSuballoc.type))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Already on next page.
+                break;
+            }
+            ++nextSuballocItem;
+        }
+    }
+
+    *pAllocHandle = (VmaAllocHandle)(offset + 1);
+    // All tests passed: Success. pAllocHandle is already filled.
+    return true;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::MergeFreeWithNext(VmaSuballocationList::iterator item)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(item != m_Suballocations.end());
+    VMA_ASSERT(item->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
+
+    VmaSuballocationList::iterator nextItem = item;
+    ++nextItem;
+    VMA_ASSERT(nextItem != m_Suballocations.end());
+    VMA_ASSERT(nextItem->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
+
+    item->size += nextItem->size;
+    --m_FreeCount;
+    m_Suballocations.erase(nextItem);
+}
+
+VmaSuballocationList::iterator VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::FreeSuballocation(VmaSuballocationList::iterator suballocItem)
+{
+    // Change this suballocation to be marked as free.
+    VmaSuballocation& suballoc = *suballocItem;
+    suballoc.type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
+    suballoc.userData = VMA_NULL;
+
+    // Update totals.
+    ++m_FreeCount;
+    m_SumFreeSize += suballoc.size;
+
+    // Merge with previous and/or next suballocation if it's also free.
+    bool mergeWithNext = false;
+    bool mergeWithPrev = false;
+
+    VmaSuballocationList::iterator nextItem = suballocItem;
+    ++nextItem;
+    if ((nextItem != m_Suballocations.end()) && (nextItem->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE))
+    {
+        mergeWithNext = true;
+    }
+
+    VmaSuballocationList::iterator prevItem = suballocItem;
+    if (suballocItem != m_Suballocations.begin())
+    {
+        --prevItem;
+        if (prevItem->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
+        {
+            mergeWithPrev = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (mergeWithNext)
+    {
+        UnregisterFreeSuballocation(nextItem);
+        MergeFreeWithNext(suballocItem);
+    }
+
+    if (mergeWithPrev)
+    {
+        UnregisterFreeSuballocation(prevItem);
+        MergeFreeWithNext(prevItem);
+        RegisterFreeSuballocation(prevItem);
+        return prevItem;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        RegisterFreeSuballocation(suballocItem);
+        return suballocItem;
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::RegisterFreeSuballocation(VmaSuballocationList::iterator item)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(item->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
+    VMA_ASSERT(item->size > 0);
+
+    // You may want to enable this validation at the beginning or at the end of
+    // this function, depending on what do you want to check.
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(ValidateFreeSuballocationList());
+
+    if (m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.empty())
+    {
+        m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.push_back(item);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        VmaVectorInsertSorted<VmaSuballocationItemSizeLess>(m_FreeSuballocationsBySize, item);
+    }
+
+    //VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(ValidateFreeSuballocationList());
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::UnregisterFreeSuballocation(VmaSuballocationList::iterator item)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(item->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
+    VMA_ASSERT(item->size > 0);
+
+    // You may want to enable this validation at the beginning or at the end of
+    // this function, depending on what do you want to check.
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(ValidateFreeSuballocationList());
+
+    VmaSuballocationList::iterator* const it = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(
+        m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.data(),
+        m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.data() + m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.size(),
+        item,
+        VmaSuballocationItemSizeLess());
+    for (size_t index = it - m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.data();
+        index < m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.size();
+        ++index)
+    {
+        if (m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[index] == item)
+        {
+            VmaVectorRemove(m_FreeSuballocationsBySize, index);
+            return;
+        }
+        VMA_ASSERT((m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[index]->size == item->size) && "Not found.");
+    }
+    VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Not found.");
+
+    //VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(ValidateFreeSuballocationList());
+}
+#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_GENERIC_FUNCTIONS
+#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_GENERIC
+#endif // #if 0
+
+#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_LINEAR
+/*
+Allocations and their references in internal data structure look like this:
+
+if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY):
+
+        0 +-------+
+          |       |
+          |       |
+          |       |
+          +-------+
+          | Alloc |  1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount]
+          +-------+
+          | Alloc |  1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + 1]
+          +-------+
+          |  ...  |
+          +-------+
+          | Alloc |  1st[1st.size() - 1]
+          +-------+
+          |       |
+          |       |
+          |       |
+GetSize() +-------+
+
+if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER):
+
+        0 +-------+
+          | Alloc |  2nd[0]
+          +-------+
+          | Alloc |  2nd[1]
+          +-------+
+          |  ...  |
+          +-------+
+          | Alloc |  2nd[2nd.size() - 1]
+          +-------+
+          |       |
+          |       |
+          |       |
+          +-------+
+          | Alloc |  1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount]
+          +-------+
+          | Alloc |  1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + 1]
+          +-------+
+          |  ...  |
+          +-------+
+          | Alloc |  1st[1st.size() - 1]
+          +-------+
+          |       |
+GetSize() +-------+
+
+if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK):
+
+        0 +-------+
+          |       |
+          |       |
+          |       |
+          +-------+
+          | Alloc |  1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount]
+          +-------+
+          | Alloc |  1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + 1]
+          +-------+
+          |  ...  |
+          +-------+
+          | Alloc |  1st[1st.size() - 1]
+          +-------+
+          |       |
+          |       |
+          |       |
+          +-------+
+          | Alloc |  2nd[2nd.size() - 1]
+          +-------+
+          |  ...  |
+          +-------+
+          | Alloc |  2nd[1]
+          +-------+
+          | Alloc |  2nd[0]
+GetSize() +-------+
+
+*/
+class VmaBlockMetadata_Linear : public VmaBlockMetadata
+{
+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaBlockMetadata_Linear)
+public:
+    VmaBlockMetadata_Linear(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
+        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity, bool isVirtual);
+    virtual ~VmaBlockMetadata_Linear() = default;
+
+    VkDeviceSize GetSumFreeSize() const override { return m_SumFreeSize; }
+    bool IsEmpty() const override { return GetAllocationCount() == 0; }
+    VkDeviceSize GetAllocationOffset(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) const override { return (VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1; };
+
+    void Init(VkDeviceSize size) override;
+    bool Validate() const override;
+    size_t GetAllocationCount() const override;
+    size_t GetFreeRegionsCount() const override;
+
+    void AddDetailedStatistics(VmaDetailedStatistics& inoutStats) const override;
+    void AddStatistics(VmaStatistics& inoutStats) const override;
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+    void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const override;
+#endif
+
+    bool CreateAllocationRequest(
+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,
+        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
+        bool upperAddress,
+        VmaSuballocationType allocType,
+        uint32_t strategy,
+        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest) override;
+
+    VkResult CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData) override;
+
+    void Alloc(
+        const VmaAllocationRequest& request,
+        VmaSuballocationType type,
+        void* userData) override;
+
+    void Free(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) override;
+    void GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo) override;
+    void* GetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) const override;
+    VmaAllocHandle GetAllocationListBegin() const override;
+    VmaAllocHandle GetNextAllocation(VmaAllocHandle prevAlloc) const override;
+    VkDeviceSize GetNextFreeRegionSize(VmaAllocHandle alloc) const override;
+    void Clear() override;
+    void SetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, void* userData) override;
+    void DebugLogAllAllocations() const override;
+
+private:
+    /*
+    There are two suballocation vectors, used in ping-pong way.
+    The one with index m_1stVectorIndex is called 1st.
+    The one with index (m_1stVectorIndex ^ 1) is called 2nd.
+    2nd can be non-empty only when 1st is not empty.
+    When 2nd is not empty, m_2ndVectorMode indicates its mode of operation.
+    */
+    typedef VmaVector<VmaSuballocation, VmaStlAllocator<VmaSuballocation>> SuballocationVectorType;
+
+    enum SECOND_VECTOR_MODE
+    {
+        SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY,
+        /*
+        Suballocations in 2nd vector are created later than the ones in 1st, but they
+        all have smaller offset.
+        */
+        SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER,
+        /*
+        Suballocations in 2nd vector are upper side of double stack.
+        They all have offsets higher than those in 1st vector.
+        Top of this stack means smaller offsets, but higher indices in this vector.
+        */
+        SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK,
+    };
+
+    VkDeviceSize m_SumFreeSize;
+    SuballocationVectorType m_Suballocations0, m_Suballocations1;
+    uint32_t m_1stVectorIndex;
+    SECOND_VECTOR_MODE m_2ndVectorMode;
+    // Number of items in 1st vector with hAllocation = null at the beginning.
+    size_t m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
+    // Number of other items in 1st vector with hAllocation = null somewhere in the middle.
+    size_t m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;
+    // Number of items in 2nd vector with hAllocation = null.
+    size_t m_2ndNullItemsCount;
+
+    SuballocationVectorType& AccessSuballocations1st() { return m_1stVectorIndex ? m_Suballocations1 : m_Suballocations0; }
+    SuballocationVectorType& AccessSuballocations2nd() { return m_1stVectorIndex ? m_Suballocations0 : m_Suballocations1; }
+    const SuballocationVectorType& AccessSuballocations1st() const { return m_1stVectorIndex ? m_Suballocations1 : m_Suballocations0; }
+    const SuballocationVectorType& AccessSuballocations2nd() const { return m_1stVectorIndex ? m_Suballocations0 : m_Suballocations1; }
+
+    VmaSuballocation& FindSuballocation(VkDeviceSize offset) const;
+    bool ShouldCompact1st() const;
+    void CleanupAfterFree();
+
+    bool CreateAllocationRequest_LowerAddress(
+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,
+        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
+        VmaSuballocationType allocType,
+        uint32_t strategy,
+        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest);
+    bool CreateAllocationRequest_UpperAddress(
+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,
+        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
+        VmaSuballocationType allocType,
+        uint32_t strategy,
+        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest);
+};
+
+#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_LINEAR_FUNCTIONS
+VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::VmaBlockMetadata_Linear(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
+    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity, bool isVirtual)
+    : VmaBlockMetadata(pAllocationCallbacks, bufferImageGranularity, isVirtual),
+    m_SumFreeSize(0),
+    m_Suballocations0(VmaStlAllocator<VmaSuballocation>(pAllocationCallbacks)),
+    m_Suballocations1(VmaStlAllocator<VmaSuballocation>(pAllocationCallbacks)),
+    m_1stVectorIndex(0),
+    m_2ndVectorMode(SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY),
+    m_1stNullItemsBeginCount(0),
+    m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount(0),
+    m_2ndNullItemsCount(0) {}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::Init(VkDeviceSize size)
+{
+    VmaBlockMetadata::Init(size);
+    m_SumFreeSize = size;
+}
+
+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::Validate() const
+{
+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
+
+    VMA_VALIDATE(suballocations2nd.empty() == (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY));
+    VMA_VALIDATE(!suballocations1st.empty() ||
+        suballocations2nd.empty() ||
+        m_2ndVectorMode != SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER);
+
+    if (!suballocations1st.empty())
+    {
+        // Null item at the beginning should be accounted into m_1stNullItemsBeginCount.
+        VMA_VALIDATE(suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
+        // Null item at the end should be just pop_back().
+        VMA_VALIDATE(suballocations1st.back().type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
+    }
+    if (!suballocations2nd.empty())
+    {
+        // Null item at the end should be just pop_back().
+        VMA_VALIDATE(suballocations2nd.back().type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
+    }
+
+    VMA_VALIDATE(m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount <= suballocations1st.size());
+    VMA_VALIDATE(m_2ndNullItemsCount <= suballocations2nd.size());
+
+    VkDeviceSize sumUsedSize = 0;
+    const size_t suballoc1stCount = suballocations1st.size();
+    const VkDeviceSize debugMargin = GetDebugMargin();
+    VkDeviceSize offset = 0;
+
+    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)
+    {
+        const size_t suballoc2ndCount = suballocations2nd.size();
+        size_t nullItem2ndCount = 0;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < suballoc2ndCount; ++i)
+        {
+            const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[i];
+            const bool currFree = (suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
+
+            VmaAllocation const alloc = (VmaAllocation)suballoc.userData;
+            if (!IsVirtual())
+            {
+                VMA_VALIDATE(currFree == (alloc == VK_NULL_HANDLE));
+            }
+            VMA_VALIDATE(suballoc.offset >= offset);
+
+            if (!currFree)
+            {
+                if (!IsVirtual())
+                {
+                    VMA_VALIDATE((VkDeviceSize)alloc->GetAllocHandle() == suballoc.offset + 1);
+                    VMA_VALIDATE(alloc->GetSize() == suballoc.size);
+                }
+                sumUsedSize += suballoc.size;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ++nullItem2ndCount;
+            }
+
+            offset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size + debugMargin;
+        }
+
+        VMA_VALIDATE(nullItem2ndCount == m_2ndNullItemsCount);
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_1stNullItemsBeginCount; ++i)
+    {
+        const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[i];
+        VMA_VALIDATE(suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE &&
+            suballoc.userData == VMA_NULL);
+    }
+
+    size_t nullItem1stCount = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
+
+    for (size_t i = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount; i < suballoc1stCount; ++i)
+    {
+        const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[i];
+        const bool currFree = (suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
+
+        VmaAllocation const alloc = (VmaAllocation)suballoc.userData;
+        if (!IsVirtual())
+        {
+            VMA_VALIDATE(currFree == (alloc == VK_NULL_HANDLE));
+        }
+        VMA_VALIDATE(suballoc.offset >= offset);
+        VMA_VALIDATE(i >= m_1stNullItemsBeginCount || currFree);
+
+        if (!currFree)
+        {
+            if (!IsVirtual())
+            {
+                VMA_VALIDATE((VkDeviceSize)alloc->GetAllocHandle() == suballoc.offset + 1);
+                VMA_VALIDATE(alloc->GetSize() == suballoc.size);
+            }
+            sumUsedSize += suballoc.size;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ++nullItem1stCount;
+        }
+
+        offset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size + debugMargin;
+    }
+    VMA_VALIDATE(nullItem1stCount == m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount);
+
+    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)
+    {
+        const size_t suballoc2ndCount = suballocations2nd.size();
+        size_t nullItem2ndCount = 0;
+        for (size_t i = suballoc2ndCount; i--; )
+        {
+            const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[i];
+            const bool currFree = (suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
+
+            VmaAllocation const alloc = (VmaAllocation)suballoc.userData;
+            if (!IsVirtual())
+            {
+                VMA_VALIDATE(currFree == (alloc == VK_NULL_HANDLE));
+            }
+            VMA_VALIDATE(suballoc.offset >= offset);
+
+            if (!currFree)
+            {
+                if (!IsVirtual())
+                {
+                    VMA_VALIDATE((VkDeviceSize)alloc->GetAllocHandle() == suballoc.offset + 1);
+                    VMA_VALIDATE(alloc->GetSize() == suballoc.size);
+                }
+                sumUsedSize += suballoc.size;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ++nullItem2ndCount;
+            }
+
+            offset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size + debugMargin;
+        }
+
+        VMA_VALIDATE(nullItem2ndCount == m_2ndNullItemsCount);
+    }
+
+    VMA_VALIDATE(offset <= GetSize());
+    VMA_VALIDATE(m_SumFreeSize == GetSize() - sumUsedSize);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+size_t VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::GetAllocationCount() const
+{
+    return AccessSuballocations1st().size() - m_1stNullItemsBeginCount - m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount +
+        AccessSuballocations2nd().size() - m_2ndNullItemsCount;
+}
+
+size_t VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::GetFreeRegionsCount() const
+{
+    // Function only used for defragmentation, which is disabled for this algorithm
+    VMA_ASSERT(0);
+    return SIZE_MAX;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::AddDetailedStatistics(VmaDetailedStatistics& inoutStats) const
+{
+    const VkDeviceSize size = GetSize();
+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
+    const size_t suballoc1stCount = suballocations1st.size();
+    const size_t suballoc2ndCount = suballocations2nd.size();
+
+    inoutStats.statistics.blockCount++;
+    inoutStats.statistics.blockBytes += size;
+
+    VkDeviceSize lastOffset = 0;
+
+    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)
+    {
+        const VkDeviceSize freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd = suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].offset;
+        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = 0;
+        while (lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)
+        {
+            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAllocIndex to the end.
+            while (nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount &&
+                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
+            {
+                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;
+            }
+
+            // Found non-null allocation.
+            if (nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount)
+            {
+                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];
+
+                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
+                if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
+                {
+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;
+                    VmaAddDetailedStatisticsUnusedRange(inoutStats, unusedRangeSize);
+                }
+
+                // 2. Process this allocation.
+                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
+                VmaAddDetailedStatisticsAllocation(inoutStats, suballoc.size);
+
+                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
+                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
+                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;
+            }
+            // We are at the end.
+            else
+            {
+                // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd.
+                if (lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)
+                {
+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd - lastOffset;
+                    VmaAddDetailedStatisticsUnusedRange(inoutStats, unusedRangeSize);
+                }
+
+                // End of loop.
+                lastOffset = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    size_t nextAlloc1stIndex = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
+    const VkDeviceSize freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd =
+        m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK ? suballocations2nd.back().offset : size;
+    while (lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)
+    {
+        // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAllocIndex to the end.
+        while (nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount &&
+            suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
+        {
+            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;
+        }
+
+        // Found non-null allocation.
+        if (nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount)
+        {
+            const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex];
+
+            // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
+            if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
+            {
+                // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
+                const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;
+                VmaAddDetailedStatisticsUnusedRange(inoutStats, unusedRangeSize);
+            }
+
+            // 2. Process this allocation.
+            // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
+            VmaAddDetailedStatisticsAllocation(inoutStats, suballoc.size);
+
+            // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
+            lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
+            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;
+        }
+        // We are at the end.
+        else
+        {
+            // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd.
+            if (lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)
+            {
+                const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd - lastOffset;
+                VmaAddDetailedStatisticsUnusedRange(inoutStats, unusedRangeSize);
+            }
+
+            // End of loop.
+            lastOffset = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)
+    {
+        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = suballocations2nd.size() - 1;
+        while (lastOffset < size)
+        {
+            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAllocIndex to the end.
+            while (nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX &&
+                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
+            {
+                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;
+            }
+
+            // Found non-null allocation.
+            if (nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX)
+            {
+                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];
+
+                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
+                if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
+                {
+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;
+                    VmaAddDetailedStatisticsUnusedRange(inoutStats, unusedRangeSize);
+                }
+
+                // 2. Process this allocation.
+                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
+                VmaAddDetailedStatisticsAllocation(inoutStats, suballoc.size);
+
+                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
+                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
+                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;
+            }
+            // We are at the end.
+            else
+            {
+                // There is free space from lastOffset to size.
+                if (lastOffset < size)
+                {
+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = size - lastOffset;
+                    VmaAddDetailedStatisticsUnusedRange(inoutStats, unusedRangeSize);
+                }
+
+                // End of loop.
+                lastOffset = size;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::AddStatistics(VmaStatistics& inoutStats) const
+{
+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
+    const VkDeviceSize size = GetSize();
+    const size_t suballoc1stCount = suballocations1st.size();
+    const size_t suballoc2ndCount = suballocations2nd.size();
+
+    inoutStats.blockCount++;
+    inoutStats.blockBytes += size;
+    inoutStats.allocationBytes += size - m_SumFreeSize;
+
+    VkDeviceSize lastOffset = 0;
+
+    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)
+    {
+        const VkDeviceSize freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd = suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].offset;
+        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
+        while (lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)
+        {
+            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAlloc2ndIndex to the end.
+            while (nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount &&
+                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
+            {
+                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;
+            }
+
+            // Found non-null allocation.
+            if (nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount)
+            {
+                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];
+
+                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
+                if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
+                {
+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;
+                }
+
+                // 2. Process this allocation.
+                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
+                ++inoutStats.allocationCount;
+
+                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
+                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
+                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;
+            }
+            // We are at the end.
+            else
+            {
+                if (lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)
+                {
+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd.
+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd - lastOffset;
+                }
+
+                // End of loop.
+                lastOffset = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    size_t nextAlloc1stIndex = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
+    const VkDeviceSize freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd =
+        m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK ? suballocations2nd.back().offset : size;
+    while (lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)
+    {
+        // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAllocIndex to the end.
+        while (nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount &&
+            suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
+        {
+            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;
+        }
+
+        // Found non-null allocation.
+        if (nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount)
+        {
+            const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex];
+
+            // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
+            if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
+            {
+                // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
+                const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;
+            }
+
+            // 2. Process this allocation.
+            // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
+            ++inoutStats.allocationCount;
+
+            // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
+            lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
+            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;
+        }
+        // We are at the end.
+        else
+        {
+            if (lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)
+            {
+                // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd.
+                const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd - lastOffset;
+            }
+
+            // End of loop.
+            lastOffset = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)
+    {
+        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = suballocations2nd.size() - 1;
+        while (lastOffset < size)
+        {
+            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAlloc2ndIndex to the end.
+            while (nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX &&
+                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
+            {
+                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;
+            }
+
+            // Found non-null allocation.
+            if (nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX)
+            {
+                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];
+
+                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
+                if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
+                {
+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;
+                }
+
+                // 2. Process this allocation.
+                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
+                ++inoutStats.allocationCount;
+
+                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
+                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
+                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;
+            }
+            // We are at the end.
+            else
+            {
+                if (lastOffset < size)
+                {
+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to size.
+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = size - lastOffset;
+                }
+
+                // End of loop.
+                lastOffset = size;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const
+{
+    const VkDeviceSize size = GetSize();
+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
+    const size_t suballoc1stCount = suballocations1st.size();
+    const size_t suballoc2ndCount = suballocations2nd.size();
+
+    // FIRST PASS
+
+    size_t unusedRangeCount = 0;
+    VkDeviceSize usedBytes = 0;
+
+    VkDeviceSize lastOffset = 0;
+
+    size_t alloc2ndCount = 0;
+    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)
+    {
+        const VkDeviceSize freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd = suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].offset;
+        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = 0;
+        while (lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)
+        {
+            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAlloc2ndIndex to the end.
+            while (nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount &&
+                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
+            {
+                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;
+            }
+
+            // Found non-null allocation.
+            if (nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount)
+            {
+                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];
+
+                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
+                if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
+                {
+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
+                    ++unusedRangeCount;
+                }
+
+                // 2. Process this allocation.
+                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
+                ++alloc2ndCount;
+                usedBytes += suballoc.size;
+
+                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
+                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
+                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;
+            }
+            // We are at the end.
+            else
+            {
+                if (lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)
+                {
+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd.
+                    ++unusedRangeCount;
+                }
+
+                // End of loop.
+                lastOffset = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    size_t nextAlloc1stIndex = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
+    size_t alloc1stCount = 0;
+    const VkDeviceSize freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd =
+        m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK ? suballocations2nd.back().offset : size;
+    while (lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)
+    {
+        // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAllocIndex to the end.
+        while (nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount &&
+            suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
+        {
+            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;
+        }
+
+        // Found non-null allocation.
+        if (nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount)
+        {
+            const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex];
+
+            // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
+            if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
+            {
+                // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
+                ++unusedRangeCount;
+            }
+
+            // 2. Process this allocation.
+            // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
+            ++alloc1stCount;
+            usedBytes += suballoc.size;
+
+            // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
+            lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
+            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;
+        }
+        // We are at the end.
+        else
+        {
+            if (lastOffset < size)
+            {
+                // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd.
+                ++unusedRangeCount;
+            }
+
+            // End of loop.
+            lastOffset = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)
+    {
+        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = suballocations2nd.size() - 1;
+        while (lastOffset < size)
+        {
+            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAlloc2ndIndex to the end.
+            while (nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX &&
+                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
+            {
+                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;
+            }
+
+            // Found non-null allocation.
+            if (nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX)
+            {
+                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];
+
+                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
+                if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
+                {
+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
+                    ++unusedRangeCount;
+                }
+
+                // 2. Process this allocation.
+                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
+                ++alloc2ndCount;
+                usedBytes += suballoc.size;
+
+                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
+                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
+                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;
+            }
+            // We are at the end.
+            else
+            {
+                if (lastOffset < size)
+                {
+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to size.
+                    ++unusedRangeCount;
+                }
+
+                // End of loop.
+                lastOffset = size;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    const VkDeviceSize unusedBytes = size - usedBytes;
+    PrintDetailedMap_Begin(json, unusedBytes, alloc1stCount + alloc2ndCount, unusedRangeCount);
+
+    // SECOND PASS
+    lastOffset = 0;
+
+    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)
+    {
+        const VkDeviceSize freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd = suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].offset;
+        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = 0;
+        while (lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)
+        {
+            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAlloc2ndIndex to the end.
+            while (nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount &&
+                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
+            {
+                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;
+            }
+
+            // Found non-null allocation.
+            if (nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount)
+            {
+                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];
+
+                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
+                if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
+                {
+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;
+                    PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, lastOffset, unusedRangeSize);
+                }
+
+                // 2. Process this allocation.
+                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
+                PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(json, suballoc.offset, suballoc.size, suballoc.userData);
+
+                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
+                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
+                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;
+            }
+            // We are at the end.
+            else
+            {
+                if (lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)
+                {
+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd.
+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd - lastOffset;
+                    PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, lastOffset, unusedRangeSize);
+                }
+
+                // End of loop.
+                lastOffset = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    nextAlloc1stIndex = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
+    while (lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)
+    {
+        // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAllocIndex to the end.
+        while (nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount &&
+            suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
+        {
+            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;
+        }
+
+        // Found non-null allocation.
+        if (nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount)
+        {
+            const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex];
+
+            // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
+            if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
+            {
+                // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
+                const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;
+                PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, lastOffset, unusedRangeSize);
+            }
+
+            // 2. Process this allocation.
+            // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
+            PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(json, suballoc.offset, suballoc.size, suballoc.userData);
+
+            // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
+            lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
+            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;
+        }
+        // We are at the end.
+        else
+        {
+            if (lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)
+            {
+                // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd.
+                const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd - lastOffset;
+                PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, lastOffset, unusedRangeSize);
+            }
+
+            // End of loop.
+            lastOffset = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)
+    {
+        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = suballocations2nd.size() - 1;
+        while (lastOffset < size)
+        {
+            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAlloc2ndIndex to the end.
+            while (nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX &&
+                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].userData == VMA_NULL)
+            {
+                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;
+            }
+
+            // Found non-null allocation.
+            if (nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX)
+            {
+                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];
+
+                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.
+                if (lastOffset < suballoc.offset)
+                {
+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.
+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;
+                    PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, lastOffset, unusedRangeSize);
+                }
+
+                // 2. Process this allocation.
+                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.
+                PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(json, suballoc.offset, suballoc.size, suballoc.userData);
+
+                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.
+                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;
+                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;
+            }
+            // We are at the end.
+            else
+            {
+                if (lastOffset < size)
+                {
+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to size.
+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = size - lastOffset;
+                    PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, lastOffset, unusedRangeSize);
+                }
+
+                // End of loop.
+                lastOffset = size;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    PrintDetailedMap_End(json);
+}
+#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+
+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::CreateAllocationRequest(
+    VkDeviceSize allocSize,
+    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
+    bool upperAddress,
+    VmaSuballocationType allocType,
+    uint32_t strategy,
+    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocSize > 0);
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocType != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);
+    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationRequest != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(Validate());
+    pAllocationRequest->size = allocSize;
+    return upperAddress ?
+        CreateAllocationRequest_UpperAddress(
+            allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, strategy, pAllocationRequest) :
+        CreateAllocationRequest_LowerAddress(
+            allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, strategy, pAllocationRequest);
+}
+
+VkResult VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(!IsVirtual());
+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
+    for (size_t i = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount, count = suballocations1st.size(); i < count; ++i)
+    {
+        const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[i];
+        if (suballoc.type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
+        {
+            if (!VmaValidateMagicValue(pBlockData, suballoc.offset + suballoc.size))
+            {
+                VMA_ASSERT(0 && "MEMORY CORRUPTION DETECTED AFTER VALIDATED ALLOCATION!");
+                return VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN_COPY;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
+    for (size_t i = 0, count = suballocations2nd.size(); i < count; ++i)
+    {
+        const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[i];
+        if (suballoc.type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
+        {
+            if (!VmaValidateMagicValue(pBlockData, suballoc.offset + suballoc.size))
+            {
+                VMA_ASSERT(0 && "MEMORY CORRUPTION DETECTED AFTER VALIDATED ALLOCATION!");
+                return VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN_COPY;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return VK_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::Alloc(
+    const VmaAllocationRequest& request,
+    VmaSuballocationType type,
+    void* userData)
+{
+    const VkDeviceSize offset = (VkDeviceSize)request.allocHandle - 1;
+    const VmaSuballocation newSuballoc = { offset, request.size, userData, type };
+
+    switch (request.type)
+    {
+    case VmaAllocationRequestType::UpperAddress:
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(m_2ndVectorMode != SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER &&
+            "CRITICAL ERROR: Trying to use linear allocator as double stack while it was already used as ring buffer.");
+        SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
+        suballocations2nd.push_back(newSuballoc);
+        m_2ndVectorMode = SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK;
+    }
+    break;
+    case VmaAllocationRequestType::EndOf1st:
+    {
+        SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
+
+        VMA_ASSERT(suballocations1st.empty() ||
+            offset >= suballocations1st.back().offset + suballocations1st.back().size);
+        // Check if it fits before the end of the block.
+        VMA_ASSERT(offset + request.size <= GetSize());
+
+        suballocations1st.push_back(newSuballoc);
+    }
+    break;
+    case VmaAllocationRequestType::EndOf2nd:
+    {
+        SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
+        // New allocation at the end of 2-part ring buffer, so before first allocation from 1st vector.
+        VMA_ASSERT(!suballocations1st.empty() &&
+            offset + request.size <= suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].offset);
+        SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
+
+        switch (m_2ndVectorMode)
+        {
+        case SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY:
+            // First allocation from second part ring buffer.
+            VMA_ASSERT(suballocations2nd.empty());
+            m_2ndVectorMode = SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER;
+            break;
+        case SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER:
+            // 2-part ring buffer is already started.
+            VMA_ASSERT(!suballocations2nd.empty());
+            break;
+        case SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK:
+            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "CRITICAL ERROR: Trying to use linear allocator as ring buffer while it was already used as double stack.");
+            break;
+        default:
+            VMA_ASSERT(0);
+        }
+
+        suballocations2nd.push_back(newSuballoc);
+    }
+    break;
+    default:
+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "CRITICAL INTERNAL ERROR.");
+    }
+
+    m_SumFreeSize -= newSuballoc.size;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::Free(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle)
+{
+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
+    VkDeviceSize offset = (VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1;
+
+    if (!suballocations1st.empty())
+    {
+        // First allocation: Mark it as next empty at the beginning.
+        VmaSuballocation& firstSuballoc = suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount];
+        if (firstSuballoc.offset == offset)
+        {
+            firstSuballoc.type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
+            firstSuballoc.userData = VMA_NULL;
+            m_SumFreeSize += firstSuballoc.size;
+            ++m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
+            CleanupAfterFree();
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Last allocation in 2-part ring buffer or top of upper stack (same logic).
+    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER ||
+        m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)
+    {
+        VmaSuballocation& lastSuballoc = suballocations2nd.back();
+        if (lastSuballoc.offset == offset)
+        {
+            m_SumFreeSize += lastSuballoc.size;
+            suballocations2nd.pop_back();
+            CleanupAfterFree();
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    // Last allocation in 1st vector.
+    else if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY)
+    {
+        VmaSuballocation& lastSuballoc = suballocations1st.back();
+        if (lastSuballoc.offset == offset)
+        {
+            m_SumFreeSize += lastSuballoc.size;
+            suballocations1st.pop_back();
+            CleanupAfterFree();
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    VmaSuballocation refSuballoc;
+    refSuballoc.offset = offset;
+    // Rest of members stays uninitialized intentionally for better performance.
+
+    // Item from the middle of 1st vector.
+    {
+        const SuballocationVectorType::iterator it = VmaBinaryFindSorted(
+            suballocations1st.begin() + m_1stNullItemsBeginCount,
+            suballocations1st.end(),
+            refSuballoc,
+            VmaSuballocationOffsetLess());
+        if (it != suballocations1st.end())
+        {
+            it->type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
+            it->userData = VMA_NULL;
+            ++m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;
+            m_SumFreeSize += it->size;
+            CleanupAfterFree();
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (m_2ndVectorMode != SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY)
+    {
+        // Item from the middle of 2nd vector.
+        const SuballocationVectorType::iterator it = m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER ?
+            VmaBinaryFindSorted(suballocations2nd.begin(), suballocations2nd.end(), refSuballoc, VmaSuballocationOffsetLess()) :
+            VmaBinaryFindSorted(suballocations2nd.begin(), suballocations2nd.end(), refSuballoc, VmaSuballocationOffsetGreater());
+        if (it != suballocations2nd.end())
+        {
+            it->type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;
+            it->userData = VMA_NULL;
+            ++m_2ndNullItemsCount;
+            m_SumFreeSize += it->size;
+            CleanupAfterFree();
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Allocation to free not found in linear allocator!");
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo)
+{
+    outInfo.offset = (VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1;
+    VmaSuballocation& suballoc = FindSuballocation(outInfo.offset);
+    outInfo.size = suballoc.size;
+    outInfo.pUserData = suballoc.userData;
+}
+
+void* VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::GetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) const
+{
+    return FindSuballocation((VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1).userData;
+}
+
+VmaAllocHandle VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::GetAllocationListBegin() const
+{
+    // Function only used for defragmentation, which is disabled for this algorithm
+    VMA_ASSERT(0);
+    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+}
+
+VmaAllocHandle VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::GetNextAllocation(VmaAllocHandle prevAlloc) const
+{
+    // Function only used for defragmentation, which is disabled for this algorithm
+    VMA_ASSERT(0);
+    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+}
+
+VkDeviceSize VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::GetNextFreeRegionSize(VmaAllocHandle alloc) const
+{
+    // Function only used for defragmentation, which is disabled for this algorithm
+    VMA_ASSERT(0);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::Clear()
+{
+    m_SumFreeSize = GetSize();
+    m_Suballocations0.clear();
+    m_Suballocations1.clear();
+    // Leaving m_1stVectorIndex unchanged - it doesn't matter.
+    m_2ndVectorMode = SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY;
+    m_1stNullItemsBeginCount = 0;
+    m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount = 0;
+    m_2ndNullItemsCount = 0;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::SetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, void* userData)
+{
+    VmaSuballocation& suballoc = FindSuballocation((VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1);
+    suballoc.userData = userData;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::DebugLogAllAllocations() const
+{
+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
+    for (auto it = suballocations1st.begin() + m_1stNullItemsBeginCount; it != suballocations1st.end(); ++it)
+        if (it->type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
+            DebugLogAllocation(it->offset, it->size, it->userData);
+
+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
+    for (auto it = suballocations2nd.begin(); it != suballocations2nd.end(); ++it)
+        if (it->type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
+            DebugLogAllocation(it->offset, it->size, it->userData);
+}
+
+VmaSuballocation& VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::FindSuballocation(VkDeviceSize offset) const
+{
+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
+
+    VmaSuballocation refSuballoc;
+    refSuballoc.offset = offset;
+    // Rest of members stays uninitialized intentionally for better performance.
+
+    // Item from the 1st vector.
+    {
+        SuballocationVectorType::const_iterator it = VmaBinaryFindSorted(
+            suballocations1st.begin() + m_1stNullItemsBeginCount,
+            suballocations1st.end(),
+            refSuballoc,
+            VmaSuballocationOffsetLess());
+        if (it != suballocations1st.end())
+        {
+            return const_cast<VmaSuballocation&>(*it);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (m_2ndVectorMode != SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY)
+    {
+        // Rest of members stays uninitialized intentionally for better performance.
+        SuballocationVectorType::const_iterator it = m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER ?
+            VmaBinaryFindSorted(suballocations2nd.begin(), suballocations2nd.end(), refSuballoc, VmaSuballocationOffsetLess()) :
+            VmaBinaryFindSorted(suballocations2nd.begin(), suballocations2nd.end(), refSuballoc, VmaSuballocationOffsetGreater());
+        if (it != suballocations2nd.end())
+        {
+            return const_cast<VmaSuballocation&>(*it);
+        }
+    }
+
+    VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Allocation not found in linear allocator!");
+    return const_cast<VmaSuballocation&>(suballocations1st.back()); // Should never occur.
+}
+
+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::ShouldCompact1st() const
+{
+    const size_t nullItemCount = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;
+    const size_t suballocCount = AccessSuballocations1st().size();
+    return suballocCount > 32 && nullItemCount * 2 >= (suballocCount - nullItemCount) * 3;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::CleanupAfterFree()
+{
+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
+
+    if (IsEmpty())
+    {
+        suballocations1st.clear();
+        suballocations2nd.clear();
+        m_1stNullItemsBeginCount = 0;
+        m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount = 0;
+        m_2ndNullItemsCount = 0;
+        m_2ndVectorMode = SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        const size_t suballoc1stCount = suballocations1st.size();
+        const size_t nullItem1stCount = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;
+        VMA_ASSERT(nullItem1stCount <= suballoc1stCount);
+
+        // Find more null items at the beginning of 1st vector.
+        while (m_1stNullItemsBeginCount < suballoc1stCount &&
+            suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
+        {
+            ++m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
+            --m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;
+        }
+
+        // Find more null items at the end of 1st vector.
+        while (m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount > 0 &&
+            suballocations1st.back().type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
+        {
+            --m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;
+            suballocations1st.pop_back();
+        }
+
+        // Find more null items at the end of 2nd vector.
+        while (m_2ndNullItemsCount > 0 &&
+            suballocations2nd.back().type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
+        {
+            --m_2ndNullItemsCount;
+            suballocations2nd.pop_back();
+        }
+
+        // Find more null items at the beginning of 2nd vector.
+        while (m_2ndNullItemsCount > 0 &&
+            suballocations2nd[0].type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
+        {
+            --m_2ndNullItemsCount;
+            VmaVectorRemove(suballocations2nd, 0);
+        }
+
+        if (ShouldCompact1st())
+        {
+            const size_t nonNullItemCount = suballoc1stCount - nullItem1stCount;
+            size_t srcIndex = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
+            for (size_t dstIndex = 0; dstIndex < nonNullItemCount; ++dstIndex)
+            {
+                while (suballocations1st[srcIndex].type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
+                {
+                    ++srcIndex;
+                }
+                if (dstIndex != srcIndex)
+                {
+                    suballocations1st[dstIndex] = suballocations1st[srcIndex];
+                }
+                ++srcIndex;
+            }
+            suballocations1st.resize(nonNullItemCount);
+            m_1stNullItemsBeginCount = 0;
+            m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount = 0;
+        }
+
+        // 2nd vector became empty.
+        if (suballocations2nd.empty())
+        {
+            m_2ndVectorMode = SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY;
+        }
+
+        // 1st vector became empty.
+        if (suballocations1st.size() - m_1stNullItemsBeginCount == 0)
+        {
+            suballocations1st.clear();
+            m_1stNullItemsBeginCount = 0;
+
+            if (!suballocations2nd.empty() && m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)
+            {
+                // Swap 1st with 2nd. Now 2nd is empty.
+                m_2ndVectorMode = SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY;
+                m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount = m_2ndNullItemsCount;
+                while (m_1stNullItemsBeginCount < suballocations2nd.size() &&
+                    suballocations2nd[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)
+                {
+                    ++m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
+                    --m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;
+                }
+                m_2ndNullItemsCount = 0;
+                m_1stVectorIndex ^= 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(Validate());
+}
+
+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::CreateAllocationRequest_LowerAddress(
+    VkDeviceSize allocSize,
+    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
+    VmaSuballocationType allocType,
+    uint32_t strategy,
+    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)
+{
+    const VkDeviceSize blockSize = GetSize();
+    const VkDeviceSize debugMargin = GetDebugMargin();
+    const VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity = GetBufferImageGranularity();
+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
+
+    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY || m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)
+    {
+        // Try to allocate at the end of 1st vector.
+
+        VkDeviceSize resultBaseOffset = 0;
+        if (!suballocations1st.empty())
+        {
+            const VmaSuballocation& lastSuballoc = suballocations1st.back();
+            resultBaseOffset = lastSuballoc.offset + lastSuballoc.size + debugMargin;
+        }
+
+        // Start from offset equal to beginning of free space.
+        VkDeviceSize resultOffset = resultBaseOffset;
+
+        // Apply alignment.
+        resultOffset = VmaAlignUp(resultOffset, allocAlignment);
+
+        // Check previous suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.
+        // Make bigger alignment if necessary.
+        if (bufferImageGranularity > 1 && bufferImageGranularity != allocAlignment && !suballocations1st.empty())
+        {
+            bool bufferImageGranularityConflict = false;
+            for (size_t prevSuballocIndex = suballocations1st.size(); prevSuballocIndex--; )
+            {
+                const VmaSuballocation& prevSuballoc = suballocations1st[prevSuballocIndex];
+                if (VmaBlocksOnSamePage(prevSuballoc.offset, prevSuballoc.size, resultOffset, bufferImageGranularity))
+                {
+                    if (VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(prevSuballoc.type, allocType))
+                    {
+                        bufferImageGranularityConflict = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                    // Already on previous page.
+                    break;
+            }
+            if (bufferImageGranularityConflict)
+            {
+                resultOffset = VmaAlignUp(resultOffset, bufferImageGranularity);
+            }
+        }
+
+        const VkDeviceSize freeSpaceEnd = m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK ?
+            suballocations2nd.back().offset : blockSize;
+
+        // There is enough free space at the end after alignment.
+        if (resultOffset + allocSize + debugMargin <= freeSpaceEnd)
+        {
+            // Check next suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.
+            // If conflict exists, allocation cannot be made here.
+            if ((allocSize % bufferImageGranularity || resultOffset % bufferImageGranularity) && m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)
+            {
+                for (size_t nextSuballocIndex = suballocations2nd.size(); nextSuballocIndex--; )
+                {
+                    const VmaSuballocation& nextSuballoc = suballocations2nd[nextSuballocIndex];
+                    if (VmaBlocksOnSamePage(resultOffset, allocSize, nextSuballoc.offset, bufferImageGranularity))
+                    {
+                        if (VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(allocType, nextSuballoc.type))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // Already on previous page.
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // All tests passed: Success.
+            pAllocationRequest->allocHandle = (VmaAllocHandle)(resultOffset + 1);
+            // pAllocationRequest->item, customData unused.
+            pAllocationRequest->type = VmaAllocationRequestType::EndOf1st;
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Wrap-around to end of 2nd vector. Try to allocate there, watching for the
+    // beginning of 1st vector as the end of free space.
+    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY || m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(!suballocations1st.empty());
+
+        VkDeviceSize resultBaseOffset = 0;
+        if (!suballocations2nd.empty())
+        {
+            const VmaSuballocation& lastSuballoc = suballocations2nd.back();
+            resultBaseOffset = lastSuballoc.offset + lastSuballoc.size + debugMargin;
+        }
+
+        // Start from offset equal to beginning of free space.
+        VkDeviceSize resultOffset = resultBaseOffset;
+
+        // Apply alignment.
+        resultOffset = VmaAlignUp(resultOffset, allocAlignment);
+
+        // Check previous suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.
+        // Make bigger alignment if necessary.
+        if (bufferImageGranularity > 1 && bufferImageGranularity != allocAlignment && !suballocations2nd.empty())
+        {
+            bool bufferImageGranularityConflict = false;
+            for (size_t prevSuballocIndex = suballocations2nd.size(); prevSuballocIndex--; )
+            {
+                const VmaSuballocation& prevSuballoc = suballocations2nd[prevSuballocIndex];
+                if (VmaBlocksOnSamePage(prevSuballoc.offset, prevSuballoc.size, resultOffset, bufferImageGranularity))
+                {
+                    if (VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(prevSuballoc.type, allocType))
+                    {
+                        bufferImageGranularityConflict = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                    // Already on previous page.
+                    break;
+            }
+            if (bufferImageGranularityConflict)
+            {
+                resultOffset = VmaAlignUp(resultOffset, bufferImageGranularity);
+            }
+        }
+
+        size_t index1st = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;
+
+        // There is enough free space at the end after alignment.
+        if ((index1st == suballocations1st.size() && resultOffset + allocSize + debugMargin <= blockSize) ||
+            (index1st < suballocations1st.size() && resultOffset + allocSize + debugMargin <= suballocations1st[index1st].offset))
+        {
+            // Check next suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.
+            // If conflict exists, allocation cannot be made here.
+            if (allocSize % bufferImageGranularity || resultOffset % bufferImageGranularity)
+            {
+                for (size_t nextSuballocIndex = index1st;
+                    nextSuballocIndex < suballocations1st.size();
+                    nextSuballocIndex++)
+                {
+                    const VmaSuballocation& nextSuballoc = suballocations1st[nextSuballocIndex];
+                    if (VmaBlocksOnSamePage(resultOffset, allocSize, nextSuballoc.offset, bufferImageGranularity))
+                    {
+                        if (VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(allocType, nextSuballoc.type))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // Already on next page.
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // All tests passed: Success.
+            pAllocationRequest->allocHandle = (VmaAllocHandle)(resultOffset + 1);
+            pAllocationRequest->type = VmaAllocationRequestType::EndOf2nd;
+            // pAllocationRequest->item, customData unused.
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::CreateAllocationRequest_UpperAddress(
+    VkDeviceSize allocSize,
+    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
+    VmaSuballocationType allocType,
+    uint32_t strategy,
+    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)
+{
+    const VkDeviceSize blockSize = GetSize();
+    const VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity = GetBufferImageGranularity();
+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();
+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();
+
+    if (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Trying to use pool with linear algorithm as double stack, while it is already being used as ring buffer.");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Try to allocate before 2nd.back(), or end of block if 2nd.empty().
+    if (allocSize > blockSize)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+    VkDeviceSize resultBaseOffset = blockSize - allocSize;
+    if (!suballocations2nd.empty())
+    {
+        const VmaSuballocation& lastSuballoc = suballocations2nd.back();
+        resultBaseOffset = lastSuballoc.offset - allocSize;
+        if (allocSize > lastSuballoc.offset)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Start from offset equal to end of free space.
+    VkDeviceSize resultOffset = resultBaseOffset;
+
+    const VkDeviceSize debugMargin = GetDebugMargin();
+
+    // Apply debugMargin at the end.
+    if (debugMargin > 0)
+    {
+        if (resultOffset < debugMargin)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        resultOffset -= debugMargin;
+    }
+
+    // Apply alignment.
+    resultOffset = VmaAlignDown(resultOffset, allocAlignment);
+
+    // Check next suballocations from 2nd for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.
+    // Make bigger alignment if necessary.
+    if (bufferImageGranularity > 1 && bufferImageGranularity != allocAlignment && !suballocations2nd.empty())
+    {
+        bool bufferImageGranularityConflict = false;
+        for (size_t nextSuballocIndex = suballocations2nd.size(); nextSuballocIndex--; )
+        {
+            const VmaSuballocation& nextSuballoc = suballocations2nd[nextSuballocIndex];
+            if (VmaBlocksOnSamePage(resultOffset, allocSize, nextSuballoc.offset, bufferImageGranularity))
+            {
+                if (VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(nextSuballoc.type, allocType))
+                {
+                    bufferImageGranularityConflict = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+                // Already on previous page.
+                break;
+        }
+        if (bufferImageGranularityConflict)
+        {
+            resultOffset = VmaAlignDown(resultOffset, bufferImageGranularity);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // There is enough free space.
+    const VkDeviceSize endOf1st = !suballocations1st.empty() ?
+        suballocations1st.back().offset + suballocations1st.back().size :
+        0;
+    if (endOf1st + debugMargin <= resultOffset)
+    {
+        // Check previous suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.
+        // If conflict exists, allocation cannot be made here.
+        if (bufferImageGranularity > 1)
+        {
+            for (size_t prevSuballocIndex = suballocations1st.size(); prevSuballocIndex--; )
+            {
+                const VmaSuballocation& prevSuballoc = suballocations1st[prevSuballocIndex];
+                if (VmaBlocksOnSamePage(prevSuballoc.offset, prevSuballoc.size, resultOffset, bufferImageGranularity))
+                {
+                    if (VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(allocType, prevSuballoc.type))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Already on next page.
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // All tests passed: Success.
+        pAllocationRequest->allocHandle = (VmaAllocHandle)(resultOffset + 1);
+        // pAllocationRequest->item unused.
+        pAllocationRequest->type = VmaAllocationRequestType::UpperAddress;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_LINEAR_FUNCTIONS
+#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_LINEAR
+
+#if 0
+#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_BUDDY
+/*
+- GetSize() is the original size of allocated memory block.
+- m_UsableSize is this size aligned down to a power of two.
+  All allocations and calculations happen relative to m_UsableSize.
+- GetUnusableSize() is the difference between them.
+  It is reported as separate, unused range, not available for allocations.
+
+Node at level 0 has size = m_UsableSize.
+Each next level contains nodes with size 2 times smaller than current level.
+m_LevelCount is the maximum number of levels to use in the current object.
+*/
+class VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy : public VmaBlockMetadata
+{
+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy)
+public:
+    VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
+        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity, bool isVirtual);
+    virtual ~VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy();
+
+    size_t GetAllocationCount() const override { return m_AllocationCount; }
+    VkDeviceSize GetSumFreeSize() const override { return m_SumFreeSize + GetUnusableSize(); }
+    bool IsEmpty() const override { return m_Root->type == Node::TYPE_FREE; }
+    VkResult CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData) override { return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT; }
+    VkDeviceSize GetAllocationOffset(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) const override { return (VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1; };
+    void DebugLogAllAllocations() const override { DebugLogAllAllocationNode(m_Root, 0); }
+
+    void Init(VkDeviceSize size) override;
+    bool Validate() const override;
+
+    void AddDetailedStatistics(VmaDetailedStatistics& inoutStats) const override;
+    void AddStatistics(VmaStatistics& inoutStats) const override;
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+    void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json, uint32_t mapRefCount) const override;
+#endif
+
+    bool CreateAllocationRequest(
+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,
+        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
+        bool upperAddress,
+        VmaSuballocationType allocType,
+        uint32_t strategy,
+        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest) override;
+
+    void Alloc(
+        const VmaAllocationRequest& request,
+        VmaSuballocationType type,
+        void* userData) override;
+
+    void Free(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) override;
+    void GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo) override;
+    void* GetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) const override;
+    VmaAllocHandle GetAllocationListBegin() const override;
+    VmaAllocHandle GetNextAllocation(VmaAllocHandle prevAlloc) const override;
+    void Clear() override;
+    void SetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, void* userData) override;
+
+private:
+    static const size_t MAX_LEVELS = 48;
+
+    struct ValidationContext
+    {
+        size_t calculatedAllocationCount = 0;
+        size_t calculatedFreeCount = 0;
+        VkDeviceSize calculatedSumFreeSize = 0;
+    };
+    struct Node
+    {
+        VkDeviceSize offset;
+        enum TYPE
+        {
+            TYPE_FREE,
+            TYPE_ALLOCATION,
+            TYPE_SPLIT,
+            TYPE_COUNT
+        } type;
+        Node* parent;
+        Node* buddy;
+
+        union
+        {
+            struct
+            {
+                Node* prev;
+                Node* next;
+            } free;
+            struct
+            {
+                void* userData;
+            } allocation;
+            struct
+            {
+                Node* leftChild;
+            } split;
+        };
+    };
+
+    // Size of the memory block aligned down to a power of two.
+    VkDeviceSize m_UsableSize;
+    uint32_t m_LevelCount;
+    VmaPoolAllocator<Node> m_NodeAllocator;
+    Node* m_Root;
+    struct
+    {
+        Node* front;
+        Node* back;
+    } m_FreeList[MAX_LEVELS];
+
+    // Number of nodes in the tree with type == TYPE_ALLOCATION.
+    size_t m_AllocationCount;
+    // Number of nodes in the tree with type == TYPE_FREE.
+    size_t m_FreeCount;
+    // Doesn't include space wasted due to internal fragmentation - allocation sizes are just aligned up to node sizes.
+    // Doesn't include unusable size.
+    VkDeviceSize m_SumFreeSize;
+
+    VkDeviceSize GetUnusableSize() const { return GetSize() - m_UsableSize; }
+    VkDeviceSize LevelToNodeSize(uint32_t level) const { return m_UsableSize >> level; }
+
+    VkDeviceSize AlignAllocationSize(VkDeviceSize size) const
+    {
+        if (!IsVirtual())
+        {
+            size = VmaAlignUp(size, (VkDeviceSize)16);
+        }
+        return VmaNextPow2(size);
+    }
+    Node* FindAllocationNode(VkDeviceSize offset, uint32_t& outLevel) const;
+    void DeleteNodeChildren(Node* node);
+    bool ValidateNode(ValidationContext& ctx, const Node* parent, const Node* curr, uint32_t level, VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize) const;
+    uint32_t AllocSizeToLevel(VkDeviceSize allocSize) const;
+    void AddNodeToDetailedStatistics(VmaDetailedStatistics& inoutStats, const Node* node, VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize) const;
+    // Adds node to the front of FreeList at given level.
+    // node->type must be FREE.
+    // node->free.prev, next can be undefined.
+    void AddToFreeListFront(uint32_t level, Node* node);
+    // Removes node from FreeList at given level.
+    // node->type must be FREE.
+    // node->free.prev, next stay untouched.
+    void RemoveFromFreeList(uint32_t level, Node* node);
+    void DebugLogAllAllocationNode(Node* node, uint32_t level) const;
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+    void PrintDetailedMapNode(class VmaJsonWriter& json, const Node* node, VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize) const;
+#endif
+};
+
+#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_BUDDY_FUNCTIONS
+VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
+    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity, bool isVirtual)
+    : VmaBlockMetadata(pAllocationCallbacks, bufferImageGranularity, isVirtual),
+    m_NodeAllocator(pAllocationCallbacks, 32), // firstBlockCapacity
+    m_Root(VMA_NULL),
+    m_AllocationCount(0),
+    m_FreeCount(1),
+    m_SumFreeSize(0)
+{
+    memset(m_FreeList, 0, sizeof(m_FreeList));
+}
+
+VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::~VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy()
+{
+    DeleteNodeChildren(m_Root);
+    m_NodeAllocator.Free(m_Root);
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::Init(VkDeviceSize size)
+{
+    VmaBlockMetadata::Init(size);
+
+    m_UsableSize = VmaPrevPow2(size);
+    m_SumFreeSize = m_UsableSize;
+
+    // Calculate m_LevelCount.
+    const VkDeviceSize minNodeSize = IsVirtual() ? 1 : 16;
+    m_LevelCount = 1;
+    while (m_LevelCount < MAX_LEVELS &&
+        LevelToNodeSize(m_LevelCount) >= minNodeSize)
+    {
+        ++m_LevelCount;
+    }
+
+    Node* rootNode = m_NodeAllocator.Alloc();
+    rootNode->offset = 0;
+    rootNode->type = Node::TYPE_FREE;
+    rootNode->parent = VMA_NULL;
+    rootNode->buddy = VMA_NULL;
+
+    m_Root = rootNode;
+    AddToFreeListFront(0, rootNode);
+}
+
+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::Validate() const
+{
+    // Validate tree.
+    ValidationContext ctx;
+    if (!ValidateNode(ctx, VMA_NULL, m_Root, 0, LevelToNodeSize(0)))
+    {
+        VMA_VALIDATE(false && "ValidateNode failed.");
+    }
+    VMA_VALIDATE(m_AllocationCount == ctx.calculatedAllocationCount);
+    VMA_VALIDATE(m_SumFreeSize == ctx.calculatedSumFreeSize);
+
+    // Validate free node lists.
+    for (uint32_t level = 0; level < m_LevelCount; ++level)
+    {
+        VMA_VALIDATE(m_FreeList[level].front == VMA_NULL ||
+            m_FreeList[level].front->free.prev == VMA_NULL);
+
+        for (Node* node = m_FreeList[level].front;
+            node != VMA_NULL;
+            node = node->free.next)
+        {
+            VMA_VALIDATE(node->type == Node::TYPE_FREE);
+
+            if (node->free.next == VMA_NULL)
+            {
+                VMA_VALIDATE(m_FreeList[level].back == node);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                VMA_VALIDATE(node->free.next->free.prev == node);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Validate that free lists ar higher levels are empty.
+    for (uint32_t level = m_LevelCount; level < MAX_LEVELS; ++level)
+    {
+        VMA_VALIDATE(m_FreeList[level].front == VMA_NULL && m_FreeList[level].back == VMA_NULL);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::AddDetailedStatistics(VmaDetailedStatistics& inoutStats) const
+{
+    inoutStats.statistics.blockCount++;
+    inoutStats.statistics.blockBytes += GetSize();
+
+    AddNodeToDetailedStatistics(inoutStats, m_Root, LevelToNodeSize(0));
+
+    const VkDeviceSize unusableSize = GetUnusableSize();
+    if (unusableSize > 0)
+        VmaAddDetailedStatisticsUnusedRange(inoutStats, unusableSize);
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::AddStatistics(VmaStatistics& inoutStats) const
+{
+    inoutStats.blockCount++;
+    inoutStats.allocationCount += (uint32_t)m_AllocationCount;
+    inoutStats.blockBytes += GetSize();
+    inoutStats.allocationBytes += GetSize() - m_SumFreeSize;
+}
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json, uint32_t mapRefCount) const
+{
+    VmaDetailedStatistics stats;
+    VmaClearDetailedStatistics(stats);
+    AddDetailedStatistics(stats);
+
+    PrintDetailedMap_Begin(
+        json,
+        stats.statistics.blockBytes - stats.statistics.allocationBytes,
+        stats.statistics.allocationCount,
+        stats.unusedRangeCount,
+        mapRefCount);
+
+    PrintDetailedMapNode(json, m_Root, LevelToNodeSize(0));
+
+    const VkDeviceSize unusableSize = GetUnusableSize();
+    if (unusableSize > 0)
+    {
+        PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json,
+            m_UsableSize, // offset
+            unusableSize); // size
+    }
+
+    PrintDetailedMap_End(json);
+}
+#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+
+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::CreateAllocationRequest(
+    VkDeviceSize allocSize,
+    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
+    bool upperAddress,
+    VmaSuballocationType allocType,
+    uint32_t strategy,
+    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(!upperAddress && "VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT can be used only with linear algorithm.");
+
+    allocSize = AlignAllocationSize(allocSize);
+
+    // Simple way to respect bufferImageGranularity. May be optimized some day.
+    // Whenever it might be an OPTIMAL image...
+    if (allocType == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN ||
+        allocType == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_UNKNOWN ||
+        allocType == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL)
+    {
+        allocAlignment = VMA_MAX(allocAlignment, GetBufferImageGranularity());
+        allocSize = VmaAlignUp(allocSize, GetBufferImageGranularity());
+    }
+
+    if (allocSize > m_UsableSize)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t targetLevel = AllocSizeToLevel(allocSize);
+    for (uint32_t level = targetLevel; level--; )
+    {
+        for (Node* freeNode = m_FreeList[level].front;
+            freeNode != VMA_NULL;
+            freeNode = freeNode->free.next)
+        {
+            if (freeNode->offset % allocAlignment == 0)
+            {
+                pAllocationRequest->type = VmaAllocationRequestType::Normal;
+                pAllocationRequest->allocHandle = (VmaAllocHandle)(freeNode->offset + 1);
+                pAllocationRequest->size = allocSize;
+                pAllocationRequest->customData = (void*)(uintptr_t)level;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::Alloc(
+    const VmaAllocationRequest& request,
+    VmaSuballocationType type,
+    void* userData)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(request.type == VmaAllocationRequestType::Normal);
+
+    const uint32_t targetLevel = AllocSizeToLevel(request.size);
+    uint32_t currLevel = (uint32_t)(uintptr_t)request.customData;
+
+    Node* currNode = m_FreeList[currLevel].front;
+    VMA_ASSERT(currNode != VMA_NULL && currNode->type == Node::TYPE_FREE);
+    const VkDeviceSize offset = (VkDeviceSize)request.allocHandle - 1;
+    while (currNode->offset != offset)
+    {
+        currNode = currNode->free.next;
+        VMA_ASSERT(currNode != VMA_NULL && currNode->type == Node::TYPE_FREE);
+    }
+
+    // Go down, splitting free nodes.
+    while (currLevel < targetLevel)
+    {
+        // currNode is already first free node at currLevel.
+        // Remove it from list of free nodes at this currLevel.
+        RemoveFromFreeList(currLevel, currNode);
+
+        const uint32_t childrenLevel = currLevel + 1;
+
+        // Create two free sub-nodes.
+        Node* leftChild = m_NodeAllocator.Alloc();
+        Node* rightChild = m_NodeAllocator.Alloc();
+
+        leftChild->offset = currNode->offset;
+        leftChild->type = Node::TYPE_FREE;
+        leftChild->parent = currNode;
+        leftChild->buddy = rightChild;
+
+        rightChild->offset = currNode->offset + LevelToNodeSize(childrenLevel);
+        rightChild->type = Node::TYPE_FREE;
+        rightChild->parent = currNode;
+        rightChild->buddy = leftChild;
+
+        // Convert current currNode to split type.
+        currNode->type = Node::TYPE_SPLIT;
+        currNode->split.leftChild = leftChild;
+
+        // Add child nodes to free list. Order is important!
+        AddToFreeListFront(childrenLevel, rightChild);
+        AddToFreeListFront(childrenLevel, leftChild);
+
+        ++m_FreeCount;
+        ++currLevel;
+        currNode = m_FreeList[currLevel].front;
+
+        /*
+        We can be sure that currNode, as left child of node previously split,
+        also fulfills the alignment requirement.
+        */
+    }
+
+    // Remove from free list.
+    VMA_ASSERT(currLevel == targetLevel &&
+        currNode != VMA_NULL &&
+        currNode->type == Node::TYPE_FREE);
+    RemoveFromFreeList(currLevel, currNode);
+
+    // Convert to allocation node.
+    currNode->type = Node::TYPE_ALLOCATION;
+    currNode->allocation.userData = userData;
+
+    ++m_AllocationCount;
+    --m_FreeCount;
+    m_SumFreeSize -= request.size;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo)
+{
+    uint32_t level = 0;
+    outInfo.offset = (VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1;
+    const Node* const node = FindAllocationNode(outInfo.offset, level);
+    outInfo.size = LevelToNodeSize(level);
+    outInfo.pUserData = node->allocation.userData;
+}
+
+void* VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::GetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) const
+{
+    uint32_t level = 0;
+    const Node* const node = FindAllocationNode((VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1, level);
+    return node->allocation.userData;
+}
+
+VmaAllocHandle VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::GetAllocationListBegin() const
+{
+    // Function only used for defragmentation, which is disabled for this algorithm
+    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+}
+
+VmaAllocHandle VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::GetNextAllocation(VmaAllocHandle prevAlloc) const
+{
+    // Function only used for defragmentation, which is disabled for this algorithm
+    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::DeleteNodeChildren(Node* node)
+{
+    if (node->type == Node::TYPE_SPLIT)
+    {
+        DeleteNodeChildren(node->split.leftChild->buddy);
+        DeleteNodeChildren(node->split.leftChild);
+        const VkAllocationCallbacks* allocationCallbacks = GetAllocationCallbacks();
+        m_NodeAllocator.Free(node->split.leftChild->buddy);
+        m_NodeAllocator.Free(node->split.leftChild);
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::Clear()
+{
+    DeleteNodeChildren(m_Root);
+    m_Root->type = Node::TYPE_FREE;
+    m_AllocationCount = 0;
+    m_FreeCount = 1;
+    m_SumFreeSize = m_UsableSize;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::SetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, void* userData)
+{
+    uint32_t level = 0;
+    Node* const node = FindAllocationNode((VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1, level);
+    node->allocation.userData = userData;
+}
+
+VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::Node* VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::FindAllocationNode(VkDeviceSize offset, uint32_t& outLevel) const
+{
+    Node* node = m_Root;
+    VkDeviceSize nodeOffset = 0;
+    outLevel = 0;
+    VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize = LevelToNodeSize(0);
+    while (node->type == Node::TYPE_SPLIT)
+    {
+        const VkDeviceSize nextLevelNodeSize = levelNodeSize >> 1;
+        if (offset < nodeOffset + nextLevelNodeSize)
+        {
+            node = node->split.leftChild;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            node = node->split.leftChild->buddy;
+            nodeOffset += nextLevelNodeSize;
+        }
+        ++outLevel;
+        levelNodeSize = nextLevelNodeSize;
+    }
+
+    VMA_ASSERT(node != VMA_NULL && node->type == Node::TYPE_ALLOCATION);
+    return node;
+}
+
+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::ValidateNode(ValidationContext& ctx, const Node* parent, const Node* curr, uint32_t level, VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize) const
+{
+    VMA_VALIDATE(level < m_LevelCount);
+    VMA_VALIDATE(curr->parent == parent);
+    VMA_VALIDATE((curr->buddy == VMA_NULL) == (parent == VMA_NULL));
+    VMA_VALIDATE(curr->buddy == VMA_NULL || curr->buddy->buddy == curr);
+    switch (curr->type)
+    {
+    case Node::TYPE_FREE:
+        // curr->free.prev, next are validated separately.
+        ctx.calculatedSumFreeSize += levelNodeSize;
+        ++ctx.calculatedFreeCount;
+        break;
+    case Node::TYPE_ALLOCATION:
+        ++ctx.calculatedAllocationCount;
+        if (!IsVirtual())
+        {
+            VMA_VALIDATE(curr->allocation.userData != VMA_NULL);
+        }
+        break;
+    case Node::TYPE_SPLIT:
+    {
+        const uint32_t childrenLevel = level + 1;
+        const VkDeviceSize childrenLevelNodeSize = levelNodeSize >> 1;
+        const Node* const leftChild = curr->split.leftChild;
+        VMA_VALIDATE(leftChild != VMA_NULL);
+        VMA_VALIDATE(leftChild->offset == curr->offset);
+        if (!ValidateNode(ctx, curr, leftChild, childrenLevel, childrenLevelNodeSize))
+        {
+            VMA_VALIDATE(false && "ValidateNode for left child failed.");
+        }
+        const Node* const rightChild = leftChild->buddy;
+        VMA_VALIDATE(rightChild->offset == curr->offset + childrenLevelNodeSize);
+        if (!ValidateNode(ctx, curr, rightChild, childrenLevel, childrenLevelNodeSize))
+        {
+            VMA_VALIDATE(false && "ValidateNode for right child failed.");
+        }
+    }
+    break;
+    default:
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+uint32_t VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::AllocSizeToLevel(VkDeviceSize allocSize) const
+{
+    // I know this could be optimized somehow e.g. by using std::log2p1 from C++20.
+    uint32_t level = 0;
+    VkDeviceSize currLevelNodeSize = m_UsableSize;
+    VkDeviceSize nextLevelNodeSize = currLevelNodeSize >> 1;
+    while (allocSize <= nextLevelNodeSize && level + 1 < m_LevelCount)
+    {
+        ++level;
+        currLevelNodeSize >>= 1;
+        nextLevelNodeSize >>= 1;
+    }
+    return level;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::Free(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle)
+{
+    uint32_t level = 0;
+    Node* node = FindAllocationNode((VkDeviceSize)allocHandle - 1, level);
+
+    ++m_FreeCount;
+    --m_AllocationCount;
+    m_SumFreeSize += LevelToNodeSize(level);
+
+    node->type = Node::TYPE_FREE;
+
+    // Join free nodes if possible.
+    while (level > 0 && node->buddy->type == Node::TYPE_FREE)
+    {
+        RemoveFromFreeList(level, node->buddy);
+        Node* const parent = node->parent;
+
+        m_NodeAllocator.Free(node->buddy);
+        m_NodeAllocator.Free(node);
+        parent->type = Node::TYPE_FREE;
+
+        node = parent;
+        --level;
+        --m_FreeCount;
+    }
+
+    AddToFreeListFront(level, node);
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::AddNodeToDetailedStatistics(VmaDetailedStatistics& inoutStats, const Node* node, VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize) const
+{
+    switch (node->type)
+    {
+    case Node::TYPE_FREE:
+        VmaAddDetailedStatisticsUnusedRange(inoutStats, levelNodeSize);
+        break;
+    case Node::TYPE_ALLOCATION:
+        VmaAddDetailedStatisticsAllocation(inoutStats, levelNodeSize);
+        break;
+    case Node::TYPE_SPLIT:
+    {
+        const VkDeviceSize childrenNodeSize = levelNodeSize / 2;
+        const Node* const leftChild = node->split.leftChild;
+        AddNodeToDetailedStatistics(inoutStats, leftChild, childrenNodeSize);
+        const Node* const rightChild = leftChild->buddy;
+        AddNodeToDetailedStatistics(inoutStats, rightChild, childrenNodeSize);
+    }
+    break;
+    default:
+        VMA_ASSERT(0);
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::AddToFreeListFront(uint32_t level, Node* node)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(node->type == Node::TYPE_FREE);
+
+    // List is empty.
+    Node* const frontNode = m_FreeList[level].front;
+    if (frontNode == VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(m_FreeList[level].back == VMA_NULL);
+        node->free.prev = node->free.next = VMA_NULL;
+        m_FreeList[level].front = m_FreeList[level].back = node;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(frontNode->free.prev == VMA_NULL);
+        node->free.prev = VMA_NULL;
+        node->free.next = frontNode;
+        frontNode->free.prev = node;
+        m_FreeList[level].front = node;
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::RemoveFromFreeList(uint32_t level, Node* node)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_FreeList[level].front != VMA_NULL);
+
+    // It is at the front.
+    if (node->free.prev == VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(m_FreeList[level].front == node);
+        m_FreeList[level].front = node->free.next;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        Node* const prevFreeNode = node->free.prev;
+        VMA_ASSERT(prevFreeNode->free.next == node);
+        prevFreeNode->free.next = node->free.next;
+    }
+
+    // It is at the back.
+    if (node->free.next == VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(m_FreeList[level].back == node);
+        m_FreeList[level].back = node->free.prev;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        Node* const nextFreeNode = node->free.next;
+        VMA_ASSERT(nextFreeNode->free.prev == node);
+        nextFreeNode->free.prev = node->free.prev;
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::DebugLogAllAllocationNode(Node* node, uint32_t level) const
+{
+    switch (node->type)
+    {
+    case Node::TYPE_FREE:
+        break;
+    case Node::TYPE_ALLOCATION:
+        DebugLogAllocation(node->offset, LevelToNodeSize(level), node->allocation.userData);
+        break;
+    case Node::TYPE_SPLIT:
+    {
+        ++level;
+        DebugLogAllAllocationNode(node->split.leftChild, level);
+        DebugLogAllAllocationNode(node->split.leftChild->buddy, level);
+    }
+    break;
+    default:
+        VMA_ASSERT(0);
+    }
+}
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::PrintDetailedMapNode(class VmaJsonWriter& json, const Node* node, VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize) const
+{
+    switch (node->type)
+    {
+    case Node::TYPE_FREE:
+        PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, node->offset, levelNodeSize);
+        break;
+    case Node::TYPE_ALLOCATION:
+        PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(json, node->offset, levelNodeSize, node->allocation.userData);
+        break;
+    case Node::TYPE_SPLIT:
+    {
+        const VkDeviceSize childrenNodeSize = levelNodeSize / 2;
+        const Node* const leftChild = node->split.leftChild;
+        PrintDetailedMapNode(json, leftChild, childrenNodeSize);
+        const Node* const rightChild = leftChild->buddy;
+        PrintDetailedMapNode(json, rightChild, childrenNodeSize);
+    }
+    break;
+    default:
+        VMA_ASSERT(0);
+    }
+}
+#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_BUDDY_FUNCTIONS
+#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_BUDDY
+#endif // #if 0
+
+#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_TLSF
+// To not search current larger region if first allocation won't succeed and skip to smaller range
+// use with VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT as strategy in CreateAllocationRequest().
+// When fragmentation and reusal of previous blocks doesn't matter then use with
+// VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT for fastest alloc time possible.
+class VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF : public VmaBlockMetadata
+{
+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF)
+public:
+    VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
+        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity, bool isVirtual);
+    virtual ~VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF();
+
+    size_t GetAllocationCount() const override { return m_AllocCount; }
+    size_t GetFreeRegionsCount() const override { return m_BlocksFreeCount + 1; }
+    VkDeviceSize GetSumFreeSize() const override { return m_BlocksFreeSize + m_NullBlock->size; }
+    bool IsEmpty() const override { return m_NullBlock->offset == 0; }
+    VkDeviceSize GetAllocationOffset(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) const override { return ((Block*)allocHandle)->offset; };
+
+    void Init(VkDeviceSize size) override;
+    bool Validate() const override;
+
+    void AddDetailedStatistics(VmaDetailedStatistics& inoutStats) const override;
+    void AddStatistics(VmaStatistics& inoutStats) const override;
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+    void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const override;
+#endif
+
+    bool CreateAllocationRequest(
+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,
+        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
+        bool upperAddress,
+        VmaSuballocationType allocType,
+        uint32_t strategy,
+        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest) override;
+
+    VkResult CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData) override;
+    void Alloc(
+        const VmaAllocationRequest& request,
+        VmaSuballocationType type,
+        void* userData) override;
+
+    void Free(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) override;
+    void GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo) override;
+    void* GetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) const override;
+    VmaAllocHandle GetAllocationListBegin() const override;
+    VmaAllocHandle GetNextAllocation(VmaAllocHandle prevAlloc) const override;
+    VkDeviceSize GetNextFreeRegionSize(VmaAllocHandle alloc) const override;
+    void Clear() override;
+    void SetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, void* userData) override;
+    void DebugLogAllAllocations() const override;
+
+private:
+    // According to original paper it should be preferable 4 or 5:
+    // M. Masmano, I. Ripoll, A. Crespo, and J. Real "TLSF: a New Dynamic Memory Allocator for Real-Time Systems"
+    // http://www.gii.upv.es/tlsf/files/ecrts04_tlsf.pdf
+    static const uint8_t SECOND_LEVEL_INDEX = 5;
+    static const uint16_t SMALL_BUFFER_SIZE = 256;
+    static const uint32_t INITIAL_BLOCK_ALLOC_COUNT = 16;
+    static const uint8_t MEMORY_CLASS_SHIFT = 7;
+    static const uint8_t MAX_MEMORY_CLASSES = 65 - MEMORY_CLASS_SHIFT;
+
+    class Block
+    {
+    public:
+        VkDeviceSize offset;
+        VkDeviceSize size;
+        Block* prevPhysical;
+        Block* nextPhysical;
+
+        void MarkFree() { prevFree = VMA_NULL; }
+        void MarkTaken() { prevFree = this; }
+        bool IsFree() const { return prevFree != this; }
+        void*& UserData() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(!IsFree()); return userData; }
+        Block*& PrevFree() { return prevFree; }
+        Block*& NextFree() { VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(IsFree()); return nextFree; }
+
+    private:
+        Block* prevFree; // Address of the same block here indicates that block is taken
+        union
+        {
+            Block* nextFree;
+            void* userData;
+        };
+    };
+
+    size_t m_AllocCount;
+    // Total number of free blocks besides null block
+    size_t m_BlocksFreeCount;
+    // Total size of free blocks excluding null block
+    VkDeviceSize m_BlocksFreeSize;
+    uint32_t m_IsFreeBitmap;
+    uint8_t m_MemoryClasses;
+    uint32_t m_InnerIsFreeBitmap[MAX_MEMORY_CLASSES];
+    uint32_t m_ListsCount;
+    /*
+    * 0: 0-3 lists for small buffers
+    * 1+: 0-(2^SLI-1) lists for normal buffers
+    */
+    Block** m_FreeList;
+    VmaPoolAllocator<Block> m_BlockAllocator;
+    Block* m_NullBlock;
+    VmaBlockBufferImageGranularity m_GranularityHandler;
+
+    uint8_t SizeToMemoryClass(VkDeviceSize size) const;
+    uint16_t SizeToSecondIndex(VkDeviceSize size, uint8_t memoryClass) const;
+    uint32_t GetListIndex(uint8_t memoryClass, uint16_t secondIndex) const;
+    uint32_t GetListIndex(VkDeviceSize size) const;
+
+    void RemoveFreeBlock(Block* block);
+    void InsertFreeBlock(Block* block);
+    void MergeBlock(Block* block, Block* prev);
+
+    Block* FindFreeBlock(VkDeviceSize size, uint32_t& listIndex) const;
+    bool CheckBlock(
+        Block& block,
+        uint32_t listIndex,
+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,
+        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
+        VmaSuballocationType allocType,
+        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest);
+};
+
+#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_TLSF_FUNCTIONS
+VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks,
+    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity, bool isVirtual)
+    : VmaBlockMetadata(pAllocationCallbacks, bufferImageGranularity, isVirtual),
+    m_AllocCount(0),
+    m_BlocksFreeCount(0),
+    m_BlocksFreeSize(0),
+    m_IsFreeBitmap(0),
+    m_MemoryClasses(0),
+    m_ListsCount(0),
+    m_FreeList(VMA_NULL),
+    m_BlockAllocator(pAllocationCallbacks, INITIAL_BLOCK_ALLOC_COUNT),
+    m_NullBlock(VMA_NULL),
+    m_GranularityHandler(bufferImageGranularity) {}
+
+VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::~VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF()
+{
+    if (m_FreeList)
+        vma_delete_array(GetAllocationCallbacks(), m_FreeList, m_ListsCount);
+    m_GranularityHandler.Destroy(GetAllocationCallbacks());
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::Init(VkDeviceSize size)
+{
+    VmaBlockMetadata::Init(size);
+
+    if (!IsVirtual())
+        m_GranularityHandler.Init(GetAllocationCallbacks(), size);
+
+    m_NullBlock = m_BlockAllocator.Alloc();
+    m_NullBlock->size = size;
+    m_NullBlock->offset = 0;
+    m_NullBlock->prevPhysical = VMA_NULL;
+    m_NullBlock->nextPhysical = VMA_NULL;
+    m_NullBlock->MarkFree();
+    m_NullBlock->NextFree() = VMA_NULL;
+    m_NullBlock->PrevFree() = VMA_NULL;
+    uint8_t memoryClass = SizeToMemoryClass(size);
+    uint16_t sli = SizeToSecondIndex(size, memoryClass);
+    m_ListsCount = (memoryClass == 0 ? 0 : (memoryClass - 1) * (1UL << SECOND_LEVEL_INDEX) + sli) + 1;
+    if (IsVirtual())
+        m_ListsCount += 1UL << SECOND_LEVEL_INDEX;
+    else
+        m_ListsCount += 4;
+
+    m_MemoryClasses = memoryClass + 2;
+    memset(m_InnerIsFreeBitmap, 0, MAX_MEMORY_CLASSES * sizeof(uint32_t));
+
+    m_FreeList = vma_new_array(GetAllocationCallbacks(), Block*, m_ListsCount);
+    memset(m_FreeList, 0, m_ListsCount * sizeof(Block*));
+}
+
+bool VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::Validate() const
+{
+    VMA_VALIDATE(GetSumFreeSize() <= GetSize());
+
+    VkDeviceSize calculatedSize = m_NullBlock->size;
+    VkDeviceSize calculatedFreeSize = m_NullBlock->size;
+    size_t allocCount = 0;
+    size_t freeCount = 0;
+
+    // Check integrity of free lists
+    for (uint32_t list = 0; list < m_ListsCount; ++list)
+    {
+        Block* block = m_FreeList[list];
+        if (block != VMA_NULL)
+        {
+            VMA_VALIDATE(block->IsFree());
+            VMA_VALIDATE(block->PrevFree() == VMA_NULL);
+            while (block->NextFree())
+            {
+                VMA_VALIDATE(block->NextFree()->IsFree());
+                VMA_VALIDATE(block->NextFree()->PrevFree() == block);
+                block = block->NextFree();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    VkDeviceSize nextOffset = m_NullBlock->offset;
+    auto validateCtx = m_GranularityHandler.StartValidation(GetAllocationCallbacks(), IsVirtual());
+
+    VMA_VALIDATE(m_NullBlock->nextPhysical == VMA_NULL);
+    if (m_NullBlock->prevPhysical)
+    {
+        VMA_VALIDATE(m_NullBlock->prevPhysical->nextPhysical == m_NullBlock);
+    }
+    // Check all blocks
+    for (Block* prev = m_NullBlock->prevPhysical; prev != VMA_NULL; prev = prev->prevPhysical)
+    {
+        VMA_VALIDATE(prev->offset + prev->size == nextOffset);
+        nextOffset = prev->offset;
+        calculatedSize += prev->size;
+
+        uint32_t listIndex = GetListIndex(prev->size);
+        if (prev->IsFree())
+        {
+            ++freeCount;
+            // Check if free block belongs to free list
+            Block* freeBlock = m_FreeList[listIndex];
+            VMA_VALIDATE(freeBlock != VMA_NULL);
+
+            bool found = false;
+            do
+            {
+                if (freeBlock == prev)
+                    found = true;
+
+                freeBlock = freeBlock->NextFree();
+            } while (!found && freeBlock != VMA_NULL);
+
+            VMA_VALIDATE(found);
+            calculatedFreeSize += prev->size;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ++allocCount;
+            // Check if taken block is not on a free list
+            Block* freeBlock = m_FreeList[listIndex];
+            while (freeBlock)
+            {
+                VMA_VALIDATE(freeBlock != prev);
+                freeBlock = freeBlock->NextFree();
+            }
+
+            if (!IsVirtual())
+            {
+                VMA_VALIDATE(m_GranularityHandler.Validate(validateCtx, prev->offset, prev->size));
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (prev->prevPhysical)
+        {
+            VMA_VALIDATE(prev->prevPhysical->nextPhysical == prev);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!IsVirtual())
+    {
+        VMA_VALIDATE(m_GranularityHandler.FinishValidation(validateCtx));
+    }
+
+    VMA_VALIDATE(nextOffset == 0);
+    VMA_VALIDATE(calculatedSize == GetSize());
+    VMA_VALIDATE(calculatedFreeSize == GetSumFreeSize());
+    VMA_VALIDATE(allocCount == m_AllocCount);
+    VMA_VALIDATE(freeCount == m_BlocksFreeCount);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::AddDetailedStatistics(VmaDetailedStatistics& inoutStats) const
+{
+    inoutStats.statistics.blockCount++;
+    inoutStats.statistics.blockBytes += GetSize();
+    if (m_NullBlock->size > 0)
+        VmaAddDetailedStatisticsUnusedRange(inoutStats, m_NullBlock->size);
+
+    for (Block* block = m_NullBlock->prevPhysical; block != VMA_NULL; block = block->prevPhysical)
+    {
+        if (block->IsFree())
+            VmaAddDetailedStatisticsUnusedRange(inoutStats, block->size);
+        else
+            VmaAddDetailedStatisticsAllocation(inoutStats, block->size);
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::AddStatistics(VmaStatistics& inoutStats) const
+{
+    inoutStats.blockCount++;
+    inoutStats.allocationCount += (uint32_t)m_AllocCount;
+    inoutStats.blockBytes += GetSize();
+    inoutStats.allocationBytes += GetSize() - GetSumFreeSize();
+}
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const
+{
+    size_t blockCount = m_AllocCount + m_BlocksFreeCount;
+    VmaStlAllocator<Block*> allocator(GetAllocationCallbacks());
+    VmaVector<Block*, VmaStlAllocator<Block*>> blockList(blockCount, allocator);
+
+    size_t i = blockCount;
+    for (Block* block = m_NullBlock->prevPhysical; block != VMA_NULL; block = block->prevPhysical)
+    {
+        blockList[--i] = block;
+    }
+    VMA_ASSERT(i == 0);
+
+    VmaDetailedStatistics stats;
+    VmaClearDetailedStatistics(stats);
+    AddDetailedStatistics(stats);
+
+    PrintDetailedMap_Begin(json,
+        stats.statistics.blockBytes - stats.statistics.allocationBytes,
+        stats.statistics.allocationCount,
+        stats.unusedRangeCount);
+
+    for (; i < blockCount; ++i)
+    {
+        Block* block = blockList[i];
+        if (block->IsFree())
+            PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, block->offset, block->size);
+        else
+            PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(json, block->offset, block->size, block->UserData());
+    }
+    if (m_NullBlock->size > 0)
+        PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, m_NullBlock->offset, m_NullBlock->size);
+
+    PrintDetailedMap_End(json);
+}
+#endif
+
+bool VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::CreateAllocationRequest(
+    VkDeviceSize allocSize,
+    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
+    bool upperAddress,
+    VmaSuballocationType allocType,
+    uint32_t strategy,
+    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocSize > 0 && "Cannot allocate empty block!");
+    VMA_ASSERT(!upperAddress && "VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT can be used only with linear algorithm.");
+
+    // For small granularity round up
+    if (!IsVirtual())
+        m_GranularityHandler.RoundupAllocRequest(allocType, allocSize, allocAlignment);
+
+    allocSize += GetDebugMargin();
+    // Quick check for too small pool
+    if (allocSize > GetSumFreeSize())
+        return false;
+
+    // If no free blocks in pool then check only null block
+    if (m_BlocksFreeCount == 0)
+        return CheckBlock(*m_NullBlock, m_ListsCount, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest);
+
+    // Round up to the next block
+    VkDeviceSize sizeForNextList = allocSize;
+    VkDeviceSize smallSizeStep = SMALL_BUFFER_SIZE / (IsVirtual() ? 1 << SECOND_LEVEL_INDEX : 4);
+    if (allocSize > SMALL_BUFFER_SIZE)
+    {
+        sizeForNextList += (1ULL << (VMA_BITSCAN_MSB(allocSize) - SECOND_LEVEL_INDEX));
+    }
+    else if (allocSize > SMALL_BUFFER_SIZE - smallSizeStep)
+        sizeForNextList = SMALL_BUFFER_SIZE + 1;
+    else
+        sizeForNextList += smallSizeStep;
+
+    uint32_t nextListIndex = 0;
+    uint32_t prevListIndex = 0;
+    Block* nextListBlock = VMA_NULL;
+    Block* prevListBlock = VMA_NULL;
+
+    // Check blocks according to strategies
+    if (strategy & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT)
+    {
+        // Quick check for larger block first
+        nextListBlock = FindFreeBlock(sizeForNextList, nextListIndex);
+        if (nextListBlock != VMA_NULL && CheckBlock(*nextListBlock, nextListIndex, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
+            return true;
+
+        // If not fitted then null block
+        if (CheckBlock(*m_NullBlock, m_ListsCount, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
+            return true;
+
+        // Null block failed, search larger bucket
+        while (nextListBlock)
+        {
+            if (CheckBlock(*nextListBlock, nextListIndex, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
+                return true;
+            nextListBlock = nextListBlock->NextFree();
+        }
+
+        // Failed again, check best fit bucket
+        prevListBlock = FindFreeBlock(allocSize, prevListIndex);
+        while (prevListBlock)
+        {
+            if (CheckBlock(*prevListBlock, prevListIndex, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
+                return true;
+            prevListBlock = prevListBlock->NextFree();
+        }
+    }
+    else if (strategy & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT)
+    {
+        // Check best fit bucket
+        prevListBlock = FindFreeBlock(allocSize, prevListIndex);
+        while (prevListBlock)
+        {
+            if (CheckBlock(*prevListBlock, prevListIndex, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
+                return true;
+            prevListBlock = prevListBlock->NextFree();
+        }
+
+        // If failed check null block
+        if (CheckBlock(*m_NullBlock, m_ListsCount, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
+            return true;
+
+        // Check larger bucket
+        nextListBlock = FindFreeBlock(sizeForNextList, nextListIndex);
+        while (nextListBlock)
+        {
+            if (CheckBlock(*nextListBlock, nextListIndex, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
+                return true;
+            nextListBlock = nextListBlock->NextFree();
+        }
+    }
+    else if (strategy & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_OFFSET_BIT )
+    {
+        // Perform search from the start
+        VmaStlAllocator<Block*> allocator(GetAllocationCallbacks());
+        VmaVector<Block*, VmaStlAllocator<Block*>> blockList(m_BlocksFreeCount, allocator);
+
+        size_t i = m_BlocksFreeCount;
+        for (Block* block = m_NullBlock->prevPhysical; block != VMA_NULL; block = block->prevPhysical)
+        {
+            if (block->IsFree() && block->size >= allocSize)
+                blockList[--i] = block;
+        }
+
+        for (; i < m_BlocksFreeCount; ++i)
+        {
+            Block& block = *blockList[i];
+            if (CheckBlock(block, GetListIndex(block.size), allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
+                return true;
+        }
+
+        // If failed check null block
+        if (CheckBlock(*m_NullBlock, m_ListsCount, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
+            return true;
+
+        // Whole range searched, no more memory
+        return false;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Check larger bucket
+        nextListBlock = FindFreeBlock(sizeForNextList, nextListIndex);
+        while (nextListBlock)
+        {
+            if (CheckBlock(*nextListBlock, nextListIndex, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
+                return true;
+            nextListBlock = nextListBlock->NextFree();
+        }
+
+        // If failed check null block
+        if (CheckBlock(*m_NullBlock, m_ListsCount, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
+            return true;
+
+        // Check best fit bucket
+        prevListBlock = FindFreeBlock(allocSize, prevListIndex);
+        while (prevListBlock)
+        {
+            if (CheckBlock(*prevListBlock, prevListIndex, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
+                return true;
+            prevListBlock = prevListBlock->NextFree();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Worst case, full search has to be done
+    while (++nextListIndex < m_ListsCount)
+    {
+        nextListBlock = m_FreeList[nextListIndex];
+        while (nextListBlock)
+        {
+            if (CheckBlock(*nextListBlock, nextListIndex, allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, pAllocationRequest))
+                return true;
+            nextListBlock = nextListBlock->NextFree();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // No more memory sadly
+    return false;
+}
+
+VkResult VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData)
+{
+    for (Block* block = m_NullBlock->prevPhysical; block != VMA_NULL; block = block->prevPhysical)
+    {
+        if (!block->IsFree())
+        {
+            if (!VmaValidateMagicValue(pBlockData, block->offset + block->size))
+            {
+                VMA_ASSERT(0 && "MEMORY CORRUPTION DETECTED AFTER VALIDATED ALLOCATION!");
+                return VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN_COPY;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return VK_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::Alloc(
+    const VmaAllocationRequest& request,
+    VmaSuballocationType type,
+    void* userData)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(request.type == VmaAllocationRequestType::TLSF);
+
+    // Get block and pop it from the free list
+    Block* currentBlock = (Block*)request.allocHandle;
+    VkDeviceSize offset = request.algorithmData;
+    VMA_ASSERT(currentBlock != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(currentBlock->offset <= offset);
+
+    if (currentBlock != m_NullBlock)
+        RemoveFreeBlock(currentBlock);
+
+    VkDeviceSize debugMargin = GetDebugMargin();
+    VkDeviceSize misssingAlignment = offset - currentBlock->offset;
+
+    // Append missing alignment to prev block or create new one
+    if (misssingAlignment)
+    {
+        Block* prevBlock = currentBlock->prevPhysical;
+        VMA_ASSERT(prevBlock != VMA_NULL && "There should be no missing alignment at offset 0!");
+
+        if (prevBlock->IsFree() && prevBlock->size != debugMargin)
+        {
+            uint32_t oldList = GetListIndex(prevBlock->size);
+            prevBlock->size += misssingAlignment;
+            // Check if new size crosses list bucket
+            if (oldList != GetListIndex(prevBlock->size))
+            {
+                prevBlock->size -= misssingAlignment;
+                RemoveFreeBlock(prevBlock);
+                prevBlock->size += misssingAlignment;
+                InsertFreeBlock(prevBlock);
+            }
+            else
+                m_BlocksFreeSize += misssingAlignment;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            Block* newBlock = m_BlockAllocator.Alloc();
+            currentBlock->prevPhysical = newBlock;
+            prevBlock->nextPhysical = newBlock;
+            newBlock->prevPhysical = prevBlock;
+            newBlock->nextPhysical = currentBlock;
+            newBlock->size = misssingAlignment;
+            newBlock->offset = currentBlock->offset;
+            newBlock->MarkTaken();
+
+            InsertFreeBlock(newBlock);
+        }
+
+        currentBlock->size -= misssingAlignment;
+        currentBlock->offset += misssingAlignment;
+    }
+
+    VkDeviceSize size = request.size + debugMargin;
+    if (currentBlock->size == size)
+    {
+        if (currentBlock == m_NullBlock)
+        {
+            // Setup new null block
+            m_NullBlock = m_BlockAllocator.Alloc();
+            m_NullBlock->size = 0;
+            m_NullBlock->offset = currentBlock->offset + size;
+            m_NullBlock->prevPhysical = currentBlock;
+            m_NullBlock->nextPhysical = VMA_NULL;
+            m_NullBlock->MarkFree();
+            m_NullBlock->PrevFree() = VMA_NULL;
+            m_NullBlock->NextFree() = VMA_NULL;
+            currentBlock->nextPhysical = m_NullBlock;
+            currentBlock->MarkTaken();
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(currentBlock->size > size && "Proper block already found, shouldn't find smaller one!");
+
+        // Create new free block
+        Block* newBlock = m_BlockAllocator.Alloc();
+        newBlock->size = currentBlock->size - size;
+        newBlock->offset = currentBlock->offset + size;
+        newBlock->prevPhysical = currentBlock;
+        newBlock->nextPhysical = currentBlock->nextPhysical;
+        currentBlock->nextPhysical = newBlock;
+        currentBlock->size = size;
+
+        if (currentBlock == m_NullBlock)
+        {
+            m_NullBlock = newBlock;
+            m_NullBlock->MarkFree();
+            m_NullBlock->NextFree() = VMA_NULL;
+            m_NullBlock->PrevFree() = VMA_NULL;
+            currentBlock->MarkTaken();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            newBlock->nextPhysical->prevPhysical = newBlock;
+            newBlock->MarkTaken();
+            InsertFreeBlock(newBlock);
+        }
+    }
+    currentBlock->UserData() = userData;
+
+    if (debugMargin > 0)
+    {
+        currentBlock->size -= debugMargin;
+        Block* newBlock = m_BlockAllocator.Alloc();
+        newBlock->size = debugMargin;
+        newBlock->offset = currentBlock->offset + currentBlock->size;
+        newBlock->prevPhysical = currentBlock;
+        newBlock->nextPhysical = currentBlock->nextPhysical;
+        newBlock->MarkTaken();
+        currentBlock->nextPhysical->prevPhysical = newBlock;
+        currentBlock->nextPhysical = newBlock;
+        InsertFreeBlock(newBlock);
+    }
+
+    if (!IsVirtual())
+        m_GranularityHandler.AllocPages((uint8_t)(uintptr_t)request.customData,
+            currentBlock->offset, currentBlock->size);
+    ++m_AllocCount;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::Free(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle)
+{
+    Block* block = (Block*)allocHandle;
+    Block* next = block->nextPhysical;
+    VMA_ASSERT(!block->IsFree() && "Block is already free!");
+
+    if (!IsVirtual())
+        m_GranularityHandler.FreePages(block->offset, block->size);
+    --m_AllocCount;
+
+    VkDeviceSize debugMargin = GetDebugMargin();
+    if (debugMargin > 0)
+    {
+        RemoveFreeBlock(next);
+        MergeBlock(next, block);
+        block = next;
+        next = next->nextPhysical;
+    }
+
+    // Try merging
+    Block* prev = block->prevPhysical;
+    if (prev != VMA_NULL && prev->IsFree() && prev->size != debugMargin)
+    {
+        RemoveFreeBlock(prev);
+        MergeBlock(block, prev);
+    }
+
+    if (!next->IsFree())
+        InsertFreeBlock(block);
+    else if (next == m_NullBlock)
+        MergeBlock(m_NullBlock, block);
+    else
+    {
+        RemoveFreeBlock(next);
+        MergeBlock(next, block);
+        InsertFreeBlock(next);
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo)
+{
+    Block* block = (Block*)allocHandle;
+    VMA_ASSERT(!block->IsFree() && "Cannot get allocation info for free block!");
+    outInfo.offset = block->offset;
+    outInfo.size = block->size;
+    outInfo.pUserData = block->UserData();
+}
+
+void* VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::GetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle) const
+{
+    Block* block = (Block*)allocHandle;
+    VMA_ASSERT(!block->IsFree() && "Cannot get user data for free block!");
+    return block->UserData();
+}
+
+VmaAllocHandle VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::GetAllocationListBegin() const
+{
+    if (m_AllocCount == 0)
+        return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+    for (Block* block = m_NullBlock->prevPhysical; block; block = block->prevPhysical)
+    {
+        if (!block->IsFree())
+            return (VmaAllocHandle)block;
+    }
+    VMA_ASSERT(false && "If m_AllocCount > 0 then should find any allocation!");
+    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+}
+
+VmaAllocHandle VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::GetNextAllocation(VmaAllocHandle prevAlloc) const
+{
+    Block* startBlock = (Block*)prevAlloc;
+    VMA_ASSERT(!startBlock->IsFree() && "Incorrect block!");
+
+    for (Block* block = startBlock->prevPhysical; block; block = block->prevPhysical)
+    {
+        if (!block->IsFree())
+            return (VmaAllocHandle)block;
+    }
+    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+}
+
+VkDeviceSize VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::GetNextFreeRegionSize(VmaAllocHandle alloc) const
+{
+    Block* block = (Block*)alloc;
+    VMA_ASSERT(!block->IsFree() && "Incorrect block!");
+
+    if (block->prevPhysical)
+        return block->prevPhysical->IsFree() ? block->prevPhysical->size : 0;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::Clear()
+{
+    m_AllocCount = 0;
+    m_BlocksFreeCount = 0;
+    m_BlocksFreeSize = 0;
+    m_IsFreeBitmap = 0;
+    m_NullBlock->offset = 0;
+    m_NullBlock->size = GetSize();
+    Block* block = m_NullBlock->prevPhysical;
+    m_NullBlock->prevPhysical = VMA_NULL;
+    while (block)
+    {
+        Block* prev = block->prevPhysical;
+        m_BlockAllocator.Free(block);
+        block = prev;
+    }
+    memset(m_FreeList, 0, m_ListsCount * sizeof(Block*));
+    memset(m_InnerIsFreeBitmap, 0, m_MemoryClasses * sizeof(uint32_t));
+    m_GranularityHandler.Clear();
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::SetAllocationUserData(VmaAllocHandle allocHandle, void* userData)
+{
+    Block* block = (Block*)allocHandle;
+    VMA_ASSERT(!block->IsFree() && "Trying to set user data for not allocated block!");
+    block->UserData() = userData;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::DebugLogAllAllocations() const
+{
+    for (Block* block = m_NullBlock->prevPhysical; block != VMA_NULL; block = block->prevPhysical)
+        if (!block->IsFree())
+            DebugLogAllocation(block->offset, block->size, block->UserData());
+}
+
+uint8_t VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::SizeToMemoryClass(VkDeviceSize size) const
+{
+    if (size > SMALL_BUFFER_SIZE)
+        return VMA_BITSCAN_MSB(size) - MEMORY_CLASS_SHIFT;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint16_t VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::SizeToSecondIndex(VkDeviceSize size, uint8_t memoryClass) const
+{
+    if (memoryClass == 0)
+    {
+        if (IsVirtual())
+            return static_cast<uint16_t>((size - 1) / 8);
+        else
+            return static_cast<uint16_t>((size - 1) / 64);
+    }
+    return static_cast<uint16_t>((size >> (memoryClass + MEMORY_CLASS_SHIFT - SECOND_LEVEL_INDEX)) ^ (1U << SECOND_LEVEL_INDEX));
+}
+
+uint32_t VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::GetListIndex(uint8_t memoryClass, uint16_t secondIndex) const
+{
+    if (memoryClass == 0)
+        return secondIndex;
+
+    const uint32_t index = static_cast<uint32_t>(memoryClass - 1) * (1 << SECOND_LEVEL_INDEX) + secondIndex;
+    if (IsVirtual())
+        return index + (1 << SECOND_LEVEL_INDEX);
+    else
+        return index + 4;
+}
+
+uint32_t VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::GetListIndex(VkDeviceSize size) const
+{
+    uint8_t memoryClass = SizeToMemoryClass(size);
+    return GetListIndex(memoryClass, SizeToSecondIndex(size, memoryClass));
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::RemoveFreeBlock(Block* block)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(block != m_NullBlock);
+    VMA_ASSERT(block->IsFree());
+
+    if (block->NextFree() != VMA_NULL)
+        block->NextFree()->PrevFree() = block->PrevFree();
+    if (block->PrevFree() != VMA_NULL)
+        block->PrevFree()->NextFree() = block->NextFree();
+    else
+    {
+        uint8_t memClass = SizeToMemoryClass(block->size);
+        uint16_t secondIndex = SizeToSecondIndex(block->size, memClass);
+        uint32_t index = GetListIndex(memClass, secondIndex);
+        VMA_ASSERT(m_FreeList[index] == block);
+        m_FreeList[index] = block->NextFree();
+        if (block->NextFree() == VMA_NULL)
+        {
+            m_InnerIsFreeBitmap[memClass] &= ~(1U << secondIndex);
+            if (m_InnerIsFreeBitmap[memClass] == 0)
+                m_IsFreeBitmap &= ~(1UL << memClass);
+        }
+    }
+    block->MarkTaken();
+    block->UserData() = VMA_NULL;
+    --m_BlocksFreeCount;
+    m_BlocksFreeSize -= block->size;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::InsertFreeBlock(Block* block)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(block != m_NullBlock);
+    VMA_ASSERT(!block->IsFree() && "Cannot insert block twice!");
+
+    uint8_t memClass = SizeToMemoryClass(block->size);
+    uint16_t secondIndex = SizeToSecondIndex(block->size, memClass);
+    uint32_t index = GetListIndex(memClass, secondIndex);
+    VMA_ASSERT(index < m_ListsCount);
+    block->PrevFree() = VMA_NULL;
+    block->NextFree() = m_FreeList[index];
+    m_FreeList[index] = block;
+    if (block->NextFree() != VMA_NULL)
+        block->NextFree()->PrevFree() = block;
+    else
+    {
+        m_InnerIsFreeBitmap[memClass] |= 1U << secondIndex;
+        m_IsFreeBitmap |= 1UL << memClass;
+    }
+    ++m_BlocksFreeCount;
+    m_BlocksFreeSize += block->size;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::MergeBlock(Block* block, Block* prev)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(block->prevPhysical == prev && "Cannot merge seperate physical regions!");
+    VMA_ASSERT(!prev->IsFree() && "Cannot merge block that belongs to free list!");
+
+    block->offset = prev->offset;
+    block->size += prev->size;
+    block->prevPhysical = prev->prevPhysical;
+    if (block->prevPhysical)
+        block->prevPhysical->nextPhysical = block;
+    m_BlockAllocator.Free(prev);
+}
+
+VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::Block* VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::FindFreeBlock(VkDeviceSize size, uint32_t& listIndex) const
+{
+    uint8_t memoryClass = SizeToMemoryClass(size);
+    uint32_t innerFreeMap = m_InnerIsFreeBitmap[memoryClass] & (~0U << SizeToSecondIndex(size, memoryClass));
+    if (!innerFreeMap)
+    {
+        // Check higher levels for avaiable blocks
+        uint32_t freeMap = m_IsFreeBitmap & (~0UL << (memoryClass + 1));
+        if (!freeMap)
+            return VMA_NULL; // No more memory avaible
+
+        // Find lowest free region
+        memoryClass = VMA_BITSCAN_LSB(freeMap);
+        innerFreeMap = m_InnerIsFreeBitmap[memoryClass];
+        VMA_ASSERT(innerFreeMap != 0);
+    }
+    // Find lowest free subregion
+    listIndex = GetListIndex(memoryClass, VMA_BITSCAN_LSB(innerFreeMap));
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_FreeList[listIndex]);
+    return m_FreeList[listIndex];
+}
+
+bool VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF::CheckBlock(
+    Block& block,
+    uint32_t listIndex,
+    VkDeviceSize allocSize,
+    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,
+    VmaSuballocationType allocType,
+    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(block.IsFree() && "Block is already taken!");
+
+    VkDeviceSize alignedOffset = VmaAlignUp(block.offset, allocAlignment);
+    if (block.size < allocSize + alignedOffset - block.offset)
+        return false;
+
+    // Check for granularity conflicts
+    if (!IsVirtual() &&
+        m_GranularityHandler.CheckConflictAndAlignUp(alignedOffset, allocSize, block.offset, block.size, allocType))
+        return false;
+
+    // Alloc successful
+    pAllocationRequest->type = VmaAllocationRequestType::TLSF;
+    pAllocationRequest->allocHandle = (VmaAllocHandle)&block;
+    pAllocationRequest->size = allocSize - GetDebugMargin();
+    pAllocationRequest->customData = (void*)allocType;
+    pAllocationRequest->algorithmData = alignedOffset;
+
+    // Place block at the start of list if it's normal block
+    if (listIndex != m_ListsCount && block.PrevFree())
+    {
+        block.PrevFree()->NextFree() = block.NextFree();
+        if (block.NextFree())
+            block.NextFree()->PrevFree() = block.PrevFree();
+        block.PrevFree() = VMA_NULL;
+        block.NextFree() = m_FreeList[listIndex];
+        m_FreeList[listIndex] = &block;
+        if (block.NextFree())
+            block.NextFree()->PrevFree() = &block;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_TLSF_FUNCTIONS
+#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_METADATA_TLSF
+
+#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_VECTOR
+/*
+Sequence of VmaDeviceMemoryBlock. Represents memory blocks allocated for a specific
+Vulkan memory type.
+
+Synchronized internally with a mutex.
+*/
+class VmaBlockVector
+{
+    friend struct VmaDefragmentationContext_T;
+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaBlockVector)
+public:
+    VmaBlockVector(
+        VmaAllocator hAllocator,
+        VmaPool hParentPool,
+        uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,
+        VkDeviceSize preferredBlockSize,
+        size_t minBlockCount,
+        size_t maxBlockCount,
+        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,
+        bool explicitBlockSize,
+        uint32_t algorithm,
+        float priority,
+        VkDeviceSize minAllocationAlignment,
+        void* pMemoryAllocateNext);
+    ~VmaBlockVector();
+
+    VmaAllocator GetAllocator() const { return m_hAllocator; }
+    VmaPool GetParentPool() const { return m_hParentPool; }
+    bool IsCustomPool() const { return m_hParentPool != VMA_NULL; }
+    uint32_t GetMemoryTypeIndex() const { return m_MemoryTypeIndex; }
+    VkDeviceSize GetPreferredBlockSize() const { return m_PreferredBlockSize; }
+    VkDeviceSize GetBufferImageGranularity() const { return m_BufferImageGranularity; }
+    uint32_t GetAlgorithm() const { return m_Algorithm; }
+    bool HasExplicitBlockSize() const { return m_ExplicitBlockSize; }
+    float GetPriority() const { return m_Priority; }
+    void* const GetAllocationNextPtr() const { return m_pMemoryAllocateNext; }
+    // To be used only while the m_Mutex is locked. Used during defragmentation.
+    size_t GetBlockCount() const { return m_Blocks.size(); }
+    // To be used only while the m_Mutex is locked. Used during defragmentation.
+    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* GetBlock(size_t index) const { return m_Blocks[index]; }
+    VMA_RW_MUTEX &GetMutex() { return m_Mutex; }
+
+    VkResult CreateMinBlocks();
+    void AddStatistics(VmaStatistics& inoutStats);
+    void AddDetailedStatistics(VmaDetailedStatistics& inoutStats);
+    bool IsEmpty();
+    bool IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled() const;
+
+    VkResult Allocate(
+        VkDeviceSize size,
+        VkDeviceSize alignment,
+        const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,
+        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
+        size_t allocationCount,
+        VmaAllocation* pAllocations);
+
+    void Free(const VmaAllocation hAllocation);
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+    void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json);
+#endif
+
+    VkResult CheckCorruption();
+
+private:
+    const VmaAllocator m_hAllocator;
+    const VmaPool m_hParentPool;
+    const uint32_t m_MemoryTypeIndex;
+    const VkDeviceSize m_PreferredBlockSize;
+    const size_t m_MinBlockCount;
+    const size_t m_MaxBlockCount;
+    const VkDeviceSize m_BufferImageGranularity;
+    const bool m_ExplicitBlockSize;
+    const uint32_t m_Algorithm;
+    const float m_Priority;
+    const VkDeviceSize m_MinAllocationAlignment;
+
+    void* const m_pMemoryAllocateNext;
+    VMA_RW_MUTEX m_Mutex;
+    // Incrementally sorted by sumFreeSize, ascending.
+    VmaVector<VmaDeviceMemoryBlock*, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDeviceMemoryBlock*>> m_Blocks;
+    uint32_t m_NextBlockId;
+    bool m_IncrementalSort = true;
+
+    void SetIncrementalSort(bool val) { m_IncrementalSort = val; }
+
+    VkDeviceSize CalcMaxBlockSize() const;
+    // Finds and removes given block from vector.
+    void Remove(VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock);
+    // Performs single step in sorting m_Blocks. They may not be fully sorted
+    // after this call.
+    void IncrementallySortBlocks();
+    void SortByFreeSize();
+
+    VkResult AllocatePage(
+        VkDeviceSize size,
+        VkDeviceSize alignment,
+        const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,
+        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
+        VmaAllocation* pAllocation);
+
+    VkResult AllocateFromBlock(
+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock,
+        VkDeviceSize size,
+        VkDeviceSize alignment,
+        VmaAllocationCreateFlags allocFlags,
+        void* pUserData,
+        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
+        uint32_t strategy,
+        VmaAllocation* pAllocation);
+
+    VkResult CommitAllocationRequest(
+        VmaAllocationRequest& allocRequest,
+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock,
+        VkDeviceSize alignment,
+        VmaAllocationCreateFlags allocFlags,
+        void* pUserData,
+        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
+        VmaAllocation* pAllocation);
+
+    VkResult CreateBlock(VkDeviceSize blockSize, size_t* pNewBlockIndex);
+    bool HasEmptyBlock();
+};
+#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_VECTOR
+
+#ifndef _VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_CONTEXT
+struct VmaDefragmentationContext_T
+{
+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaDefragmentationContext_T)
+public:
+    VmaDefragmentationContext_T(
+        VmaAllocator hAllocator,
+        const VmaDefragmentationInfo& info);
+    ~VmaDefragmentationContext_T();
+
+    void GetStats(VmaDefragmentationStats& outStats) { outStats = m_GlobalStats; }
+
+    VkResult DefragmentPassBegin(VmaDefragmentationPassMoveInfo& moveInfo);
+    VkResult DefragmentPassEnd(VmaDefragmentationPassMoveInfo& moveInfo);
+
+private:
+    // Max number of allocations to ignore due to size constraints before ending single pass
+    static const uint8_t MAX_ALLOCS_TO_IGNORE = 16;
+    enum class CounterStatus { Pass, Ignore, End };
+
+    struct FragmentedBlock
+    {
+        uint32_t data;
+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* block;
+    };
+    struct StateBalanced
+    {
+        VkDeviceSize avgFreeSize = 0;
+        VkDeviceSize avgAllocSize = UINT64_MAX;
+    };
+    struct StateExtensive
+    {
+        enum class Operation : uint8_t
+        {
+            FindFreeBlockBuffer, FindFreeBlockTexture, FindFreeBlockAll,
+            MoveBuffers, MoveTextures, MoveAll,
+            Cleanup, Done
+        };
+
+        Operation operation = Operation::FindFreeBlockTexture;
+        size_t firstFreeBlock = SIZE_MAX;
+    };
+    struct MoveAllocationData
+    {
+        VkDeviceSize size;
+        VkDeviceSize alignment;
+        VmaSuballocationType type;
+        VmaAllocationCreateFlags flags;
+        VmaDefragmentationMove move = {};
+    };
+
+    const VkDeviceSize m_MaxPassBytes;
+    const uint32_t m_MaxPassAllocations;
+
+    VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove> m_MoveAllocator;
+    VmaVector<VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove>> m_Moves;
+
+    uint8_t m_IgnoredAllocs = 0;
+    uint32_t m_Algorithm;
+    uint32_t m_BlockVectorCount;
+    VmaBlockVector* m_PoolBlockVector;
+    VmaBlockVector** m_pBlockVectors;
+    size_t m_ImmovableBlockCount = 0;
+    VmaDefragmentationStats m_GlobalStats = { 0 };
+    VmaDefragmentationStats m_PassStats = { 0 };
+    void* m_AlgorithmState = VMA_NULL;
+
+    static MoveAllocationData GetMoveData(VmaAllocHandle handle, VmaBlockMetadata* metadata);
+    CounterStatus CheckCounters(VkDeviceSize bytes);
+    bool IncrementCounters(VkDeviceSize bytes);
+    bool ReallocWithinBlock(VmaBlockVector& vector, VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* block);
+    bool AllocInOtherBlock(size_t start, size_t end, MoveAllocationData& data, VmaBlockVector& vector);
+
+    bool ComputeDefragmentation(VmaBlockVector& vector, size_t index);
+    bool ComputeDefragmentation_Fast(VmaBlockVector& vector);
+    bool ComputeDefragmentation_Balanced(VmaBlockVector& vector, size_t index, bool update);
+    bool ComputeDefragmentation_Full(VmaBlockVector& vector);
+    bool ComputeDefragmentation_Extensive(VmaBlockVector& vector, size_t index);
+
+    void UpdateVectorStatistics(VmaBlockVector& vector, StateBalanced& state);
+    bool MoveDataToFreeBlocks(VmaSuballocationType currentType,
+        VmaBlockVector& vector, size_t firstFreeBlock,
+        bool& texturePresent, bool& bufferPresent, bool& otherPresent);
+};
+#endif // _VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_CONTEXT
+
+#ifndef _VMA_POOL_T
+struct VmaPool_T
+{
+    friend struct VmaPoolListItemTraits;
+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaPool_T)
+public:
+    VmaBlockVector m_BlockVector;
+    VmaDedicatedAllocationList m_DedicatedAllocations;
+
+    VmaPool_T(
+        VmaAllocator hAllocator,
+        const VmaPoolCreateInfo& createInfo,
+        VkDeviceSize preferredBlockSize);
+    ~VmaPool_T();
+
+    uint32_t GetId() const { return m_Id; }
+    void SetId(uint32_t id) { VMA_ASSERT(m_Id == 0); m_Id = id; }
+
+    const char* GetName() const { return m_Name; }
+    void SetName(const char* pName);
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+    //void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaStringBuilder& sb);
+#endif
+
+private:
+    uint32_t m_Id;
+    char* m_Name;
+    VmaPool_T* m_PrevPool = VMA_NULL;
+    VmaPool_T* m_NextPool = VMA_NULL;
+};
+
+struct VmaPoolListItemTraits
+{
+    typedef VmaPool_T ItemType;
+
+    static ItemType* GetPrev(const ItemType* item) { return item->m_PrevPool; }
+    static ItemType* GetNext(const ItemType* item) { return item->m_NextPool; }
+    static ItemType*& AccessPrev(ItemType* item) { return item->m_PrevPool; }
+    static ItemType*& AccessNext(ItemType* item) { return item->m_NextPool; }
+};
+#endif // _VMA_POOL_T
+
+#ifndef _VMA_CURRENT_BUDGET_DATA
+struct VmaCurrentBudgetData
+{
+    VMA_ATOMIC_UINT32 m_BlockCount[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];
+    VMA_ATOMIC_UINT32 m_AllocationCount[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];
+    VMA_ATOMIC_UINT64 m_BlockBytes[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];
+    VMA_ATOMIC_UINT64 m_AllocationBytes[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];
+
+#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
+    VMA_ATOMIC_UINT32 m_OperationsSinceBudgetFetch;
+    VMA_RW_MUTEX m_BudgetMutex;
+    uint64_t m_VulkanUsage[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];
+    uint64_t m_VulkanBudget[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];
+    uint64_t m_BlockBytesAtBudgetFetch[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];
+#endif // VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
+
+    VmaCurrentBudgetData();
+
+    void AddAllocation(uint32_t heapIndex, VkDeviceSize allocationSize);
+    void RemoveAllocation(uint32_t heapIndex, VkDeviceSize allocationSize);
+};
+
+#ifndef _VMA_CURRENT_BUDGET_DATA_FUNCTIONS
+VmaCurrentBudgetData::VmaCurrentBudgetData()
+{
+    for (uint32_t heapIndex = 0; heapIndex < VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS; ++heapIndex)
+    {
+        m_BlockCount[heapIndex] = 0;
+        m_AllocationCount[heapIndex] = 0;
+        m_BlockBytes[heapIndex] = 0;
+        m_AllocationBytes[heapIndex] = 0;
+#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
+        m_VulkanUsage[heapIndex] = 0;
+        m_VulkanBudget[heapIndex] = 0;
+        m_BlockBytesAtBudgetFetch[heapIndex] = 0;
+#endif
+    }
+
+#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
+    m_OperationsSinceBudgetFetch = 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+void VmaCurrentBudgetData::AddAllocation(uint32_t heapIndex, VkDeviceSize allocationSize)
+{
+    m_AllocationBytes[heapIndex] += allocationSize;
+    ++m_AllocationCount[heapIndex];
+#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
+    ++m_OperationsSinceBudgetFetch;
+#endif
+}
+
+void VmaCurrentBudgetData::RemoveAllocation(uint32_t heapIndex, VkDeviceSize allocationSize)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_AllocationBytes[heapIndex] >= allocationSize);
+    m_AllocationBytes[heapIndex] -= allocationSize;
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_AllocationCount[heapIndex] > 0);
+    --m_AllocationCount[heapIndex];
+#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
+    ++m_OperationsSinceBudgetFetch;
+#endif
+}
+#endif // _VMA_CURRENT_BUDGET_DATA_FUNCTIONS
+#endif // _VMA_CURRENT_BUDGET_DATA
+
+#ifndef _VMA_ALLOCATION_OBJECT_ALLOCATOR
+/*
+Thread-safe wrapper over VmaPoolAllocator free list, for allocation of VmaAllocation_T objects.
+*/
+class VmaAllocationObjectAllocator
+{
+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaAllocationObjectAllocator)
+public:
+    VmaAllocationObjectAllocator(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+        : m_Allocator(pAllocationCallbacks, 1024) {}
+
+    template<typename... Types> VmaAllocation Allocate(Types&&... args);
+    void Free(VmaAllocation hAlloc);
+
+private:
+    VMA_MUTEX m_Mutex;
+    VmaPoolAllocator<VmaAllocation_T> m_Allocator;
+};
+
+template<typename... Types>
+VmaAllocation VmaAllocationObjectAllocator::Allocate(Types&&... args)
+{
+    VmaMutexLock mutexLock(m_Mutex);
+    return m_Allocator.Alloc<Types...>(std::forward<Types>(args)...);
+}
+
+void VmaAllocationObjectAllocator::Free(VmaAllocation hAlloc)
+{
+    VmaMutexLock mutexLock(m_Mutex);
+    m_Allocator.Free(hAlloc);
+}
+#endif // _VMA_ALLOCATION_OBJECT_ALLOCATOR
+
+#ifndef _VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_T
+struct VmaVirtualBlock_T
+{
+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaVirtualBlock_T)
+public:
+    const bool m_AllocationCallbacksSpecified;
+    const VkAllocationCallbacks m_AllocationCallbacks;
+
+    VmaVirtualBlock_T(const VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo& createInfo);
+    ~VmaVirtualBlock_T();
+
+    VkResult Init() { return VK_SUCCESS; }
+    bool IsEmpty() const { return m_Metadata->IsEmpty(); }
+    void Free(VmaVirtualAllocation allocation) { m_Metadata->Free((VmaAllocHandle)allocation); }
+    void SetAllocationUserData(VmaVirtualAllocation allocation, void* userData) { m_Metadata->SetAllocationUserData((VmaAllocHandle)allocation, userData); }
+    void Clear() { m_Metadata->Clear(); }
+
+    const VkAllocationCallbacks* GetAllocationCallbacks() const;
+    void GetAllocationInfo(VmaVirtualAllocation allocation, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo);
+    VkResult Allocate(const VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo, VmaVirtualAllocation& outAllocation,
+        VkDeviceSize* outOffset);
+    void GetStatistics(VmaStatistics& outStats) const;
+    void CalculateDetailedStatistics(VmaDetailedStatistics& outStats) const;
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+    void BuildStatsString(bool detailedMap, VmaStringBuilder& sb) const;
+#endif
+
+private:
+    VmaBlockMetadata* m_Metadata;
+};
+
+#ifndef _VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_T_FUNCTIONS
+VmaVirtualBlock_T::VmaVirtualBlock_T(const VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo& createInfo)
+    : m_AllocationCallbacksSpecified(createInfo.pAllocationCallbacks != VMA_NULL),
+    m_AllocationCallbacks(createInfo.pAllocationCallbacks != VMA_NULL ? *createInfo.pAllocationCallbacks : VmaEmptyAllocationCallbacks)
+{
+    const uint32_t algorithm = createInfo.flags & VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_ALGORITHM_MASK;
+    switch (algorithm)
+    {
+    default:
+        VMA_ASSERT(0);
+    case 0:
+        m_Metadata = vma_new(GetAllocationCallbacks(), VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF)(VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, true);
+        break;
+    case VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT:
+        m_Metadata = vma_new(GetAllocationCallbacks(), VmaBlockMetadata_Linear)(VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, true);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    m_Metadata->Init(createInfo.size);
+}
+
+VmaVirtualBlock_T::~VmaVirtualBlock_T()
+{
+    // Define macro VMA_DEBUG_LOG to receive the list of the unfreed allocations
+    if (!m_Metadata->IsEmpty())
+        m_Metadata->DebugLogAllAllocations();
+    // This is the most important assert in the entire library.
+    // Hitting it means you have some memory leak - unreleased virtual allocations.
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_Metadata->IsEmpty() && "Some virtual allocations were not freed before destruction of this virtual block!");
+
+    vma_delete(GetAllocationCallbacks(), m_Metadata);
+}
+
+const VkAllocationCallbacks* VmaVirtualBlock_T::GetAllocationCallbacks() const
+{
+    return m_AllocationCallbacksSpecified ? &m_AllocationCallbacks : VMA_NULL;
+}
+
+void VmaVirtualBlock_T::GetAllocationInfo(VmaVirtualAllocation allocation, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo& outInfo)
+{
+    m_Metadata->GetAllocationInfo((VmaAllocHandle)allocation, outInfo);
+}
+
+VkResult VmaVirtualBlock_T::Allocate(const VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo, VmaVirtualAllocation& outAllocation,
+    VkDeviceSize* outOffset)
+{
+    VmaAllocationRequest request = {};
+    if (m_Metadata->CreateAllocationRequest(
+        createInfo.size, // allocSize
+        VMA_MAX(createInfo.alignment, (VkDeviceSize)1), // allocAlignment
+        (createInfo.flags & VMA_VIRTUAL_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT) != 0, // upperAddress
+        VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN, // allocType - unimportant
+        createInfo.flags & VMA_VIRTUAL_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MASK, // strategy
+        &request))
+    {
+        m_Metadata->Alloc(request,
+            VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN, // type - unimportant
+            createInfo.pUserData);
+        outAllocation = (VmaVirtualAllocation)request.allocHandle;
+        if(outOffset)
+            *outOffset = m_Metadata->GetAllocationOffset(request.allocHandle);
+        return VK_SUCCESS;
+    }
+    outAllocation = (VmaVirtualAllocation)VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    if (outOffset)
+        *outOffset = UINT64_MAX;
+    return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;
+}
+
+void VmaVirtualBlock_T::GetStatistics(VmaStatistics& outStats) const
+{
+    VmaClearStatistics(outStats);
+    m_Metadata->AddStatistics(outStats);
+}
+
+void VmaVirtualBlock_T::CalculateDetailedStatistics(VmaDetailedStatistics& outStats) const
+{
+    VmaClearDetailedStatistics(outStats);
+    m_Metadata->AddDetailedStatistics(outStats);
+}
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+void VmaVirtualBlock_T::BuildStatsString(bool detailedMap, VmaStringBuilder& sb) const
+{
+    VmaJsonWriter json(GetAllocationCallbacks(), sb);
+    json.BeginObject();
+
+    VmaDetailedStatistics stats;
+    CalculateDetailedStatistics(stats);
+
+    json.WriteString("Stats");
+    VmaPrintDetailedStatistics(json, stats);
+
+    if (detailedMap)
+    {
+        json.WriteString("Details");
+        json.BeginObject();
+        m_Metadata->PrintDetailedMap(json);
+        json.EndObject();
+    }
+
+    json.EndObject();
+}
+#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+#endif // _VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_T_FUNCTIONS
+#endif // _VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_T
+
+
+// Main allocator object.
+struct VmaAllocator_T
+{
+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaAllocator_T)
+public:
+    bool m_UseMutex;
+    uint32_t m_VulkanApiVersion;
+    bool m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation; // Can be set only if m_VulkanApiVersion < VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0).
+    bool m_UseKhrBindMemory2; // Can be set only if m_VulkanApiVersion < VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0).
+    bool m_UseExtMemoryBudget;
+    bool m_UseAmdDeviceCoherentMemory;
+    bool m_UseKhrBufferDeviceAddress;
+    bool m_UseExtMemoryPriority;
+    VkDevice m_hDevice;
+    VkInstance m_hInstance;
+    bool m_AllocationCallbacksSpecified;
+    VkAllocationCallbacks m_AllocationCallbacks;
+    VmaDeviceMemoryCallbacks m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks;
+    VmaAllocationObjectAllocator m_AllocationObjectAllocator;
+
+    // Each bit (1 << i) is set if HeapSizeLimit is enabled for that heap, so cannot allocate more than the heap size.
+    uint32_t m_HeapSizeLimitMask;
+
+    VkPhysicalDeviceProperties m_PhysicalDeviceProperties;
+    VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties m_MemProps;
+
+    // Default pools.
+    VmaBlockVector* m_pBlockVectors[VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES];
+    VmaDedicatedAllocationList m_DedicatedAllocations[VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES];
+
+    VmaCurrentBudgetData m_Budget;
+    VMA_ATOMIC_UINT32 m_DeviceMemoryCount; // Total number of VkDeviceMemory objects.
+
+    VmaAllocator_T(const VmaAllocatorCreateInfo* pCreateInfo);
+    VkResult Init(const VmaAllocatorCreateInfo* pCreateInfo);
+    ~VmaAllocator_T();
+
+    const VkAllocationCallbacks* GetAllocationCallbacks() const
+    {
+        return m_AllocationCallbacksSpecified ? &m_AllocationCallbacks : VMA_NULL;
+    }
+    const VmaVulkanFunctions& GetVulkanFunctions() const
+    {
+        return m_VulkanFunctions;
+    }
+
+    VkPhysicalDevice GetPhysicalDevice() const { return m_PhysicalDevice; }
+
+    VkDeviceSize GetBufferImageGranularity() const
+    {
+        return VMA_MAX(
+            static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(VMA_DEBUG_MIN_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY),
+            m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.bufferImageGranularity);
+    }
+
+    uint32_t GetMemoryHeapCount() const { return m_MemProps.memoryHeapCount; }
+    uint32_t GetMemoryTypeCount() const { return m_MemProps.memoryTypeCount; }
+
+    uint32_t MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(uint32_t memTypeIndex) const
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(memTypeIndex < m_MemProps.memoryTypeCount);
+        return m_MemProps.memoryTypes[memTypeIndex].heapIndex;
+    }
+    // True when specific memory type is HOST_VISIBLE but not HOST_COHERENT.
+    bool IsMemoryTypeNonCoherent(uint32_t memTypeIndex) const
+    {
+        return (m_MemProps.memoryTypes[memTypeIndex].propertyFlags & (VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT)) ==
+            VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT;
+    }
+    // Minimum alignment for all allocations in specific memory type.
+    VkDeviceSize GetMemoryTypeMinAlignment(uint32_t memTypeIndex) const
+    {
+        return IsMemoryTypeNonCoherent(memTypeIndex) ?
+            VMA_MAX((VkDeviceSize)VMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT, m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.nonCoherentAtomSize) :
+            (VkDeviceSize)VMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT;
+    }
+
+    bool IsIntegratedGpu() const
+    {
+        return m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.deviceType == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_INTEGRATED_GPU;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t GetGlobalMemoryTypeBits() const { return m_GlobalMemoryTypeBits; }
+
+    void GetBufferMemoryRequirements(
+        VkBuffer hBuffer,
+        VkMemoryRequirements& memReq,
+        bool& requiresDedicatedAllocation,
+        bool& prefersDedicatedAllocation) const;
+    void GetImageMemoryRequirements(
+        VkImage hImage,
+        VkMemoryRequirements& memReq,
+        bool& requiresDedicatedAllocation,
+        bool& prefersDedicatedAllocation) const;
+    VkResult FindMemoryTypeIndex(
+        uint32_t memoryTypeBits,
+        const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,
+        VkFlags bufImgUsage, // VkBufferCreateInfo::usage or VkImageCreateInfo::usage. UINT32_MAX if unknown.
+        uint32_t* pMemoryTypeIndex) const;
+
+    // Main allocation function.
+    VkResult AllocateMemory(
+        const VkMemoryRequirements& vkMemReq,
+        bool requiresDedicatedAllocation,
+        bool prefersDedicatedAllocation,
+        VkBuffer dedicatedBuffer,
+        VkImage dedicatedImage,
+        VkFlags dedicatedBufferImageUsage, // UINT32_MAX if unknown.
+        const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,
+        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
+        size_t allocationCount,
+        VmaAllocation* pAllocations);
+
+    // Main deallocation function.
+    void FreeMemory(
+        size_t allocationCount,
+        const VmaAllocation* pAllocations);
+
+    void CalculateStatistics(VmaTotalStatistics* pStats);
+
+    void GetHeapBudgets(
+        VmaBudget* outBudgets, uint32_t firstHeap, uint32_t heapCount);
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+    void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json);
+#endif
+
+    void GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocation hAllocation, VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo);
+
+    VkResult CreatePool(const VmaPoolCreateInfo* pCreateInfo, VmaPool* pPool);
+    void DestroyPool(VmaPool pool);
+    void GetPoolStatistics(VmaPool pool, VmaStatistics* pPoolStats);
+    void CalculatePoolStatistics(VmaPool pool, VmaDetailedStatistics* pPoolStats);
+
+    void SetCurrentFrameIndex(uint32_t frameIndex);
+    uint32_t GetCurrentFrameIndex() const { return m_CurrentFrameIndex.load(); }
+
+    VkResult CheckPoolCorruption(VmaPool hPool);
+    VkResult CheckCorruption(uint32_t memoryTypeBits);
+
+    // Call to Vulkan function vkAllocateMemory with accompanying bookkeeping.
+    VkResult AllocateVulkanMemory(const VkMemoryAllocateInfo* pAllocateInfo, VkDeviceMemory* pMemory);
+    // Call to Vulkan function vkFreeMemory with accompanying bookkeeping.
+    void FreeVulkanMemory(uint32_t memoryType, VkDeviceSize size, VkDeviceMemory hMemory);
+    // Call to Vulkan function vkBindBufferMemory or vkBindBufferMemory2KHR.
+    VkResult BindVulkanBuffer(
+        VkDeviceMemory memory,
+        VkDeviceSize memoryOffset,
+        VkBuffer buffer,
+        const void* pNext);
+    // Call to Vulkan function vkBindImageMemory or vkBindImageMemory2KHR.
+    VkResult BindVulkanImage(
+        VkDeviceMemory memory,
+        VkDeviceSize memoryOffset,
+        VkImage image,
+        const void* pNext);
+
+    VkResult Map(VmaAllocation hAllocation, void** ppData);
+    void Unmap(VmaAllocation hAllocation);
+
+    VkResult BindBufferMemory(
+        VmaAllocation hAllocation,
+        VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
+        VkBuffer hBuffer,
+        const void* pNext);
+    VkResult BindImageMemory(
+        VmaAllocation hAllocation,
+        VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
+        VkImage hImage,
+        const void* pNext);
+
+    VkResult FlushOrInvalidateAllocation(
+        VmaAllocation hAllocation,
+        VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size,
+        VMA_CACHE_OPERATION op);
+    VkResult FlushOrInvalidateAllocations(
+        uint32_t allocationCount,
+        const VmaAllocation* allocations,
+        const VkDeviceSize* offsets, const VkDeviceSize* sizes,
+        VMA_CACHE_OPERATION op);
+
+    void FillAllocation(const VmaAllocation hAllocation, uint8_t pattern);
+
+    /*
+    Returns bit mask of memory types that can support defragmentation on GPU as
+    they support creation of required buffer for copy operations.
+    */
+    uint32_t GetGpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits();
+
+#if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
+    VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagsKHR GetExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlags(uint32_t memTypeIndex) const
+    {
+        return m_TypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes[memTypeIndex];
+    }
+#endif // #if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
+
+private:
+    VkDeviceSize m_PreferredLargeHeapBlockSize;
+
+    VkPhysicalDevice m_PhysicalDevice;
+    VMA_ATOMIC_UINT32 m_CurrentFrameIndex;
+    VMA_ATOMIC_UINT32 m_GpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits; // UINT32_MAX means uninitialized.
+#if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
+    VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagsKHR m_TypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes[VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES];
+#endif // #if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
+
+    VMA_RW_MUTEX m_PoolsMutex;
+    typedef VmaIntrusiveLinkedList<VmaPoolListItemTraits> PoolList;
+    // Protected by m_PoolsMutex.
+    PoolList m_Pools;
+    uint32_t m_NextPoolId;
+
+    VmaVulkanFunctions m_VulkanFunctions;
+
+    // Global bit mask AND-ed with any memoryTypeBits to disallow certain memory types.
+    uint32_t m_GlobalMemoryTypeBits;
+
+    void ImportVulkanFunctions(const VmaVulkanFunctions* pVulkanFunctions);
+
+#if VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS == 1
+    void ImportVulkanFunctions_Static();
+#endif
+
+    void ImportVulkanFunctions_Custom(const VmaVulkanFunctions* pVulkanFunctions);
+
+#if VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS == 1
+    void ImportVulkanFunctions_Dynamic();
+#endif
+
+    void ValidateVulkanFunctions();
+
+    VkDeviceSize CalcPreferredBlockSize(uint32_t memTypeIndex);
+
+    VkResult AllocateMemoryOfType(
+        VmaPool pool,
+        VkDeviceSize size,
+        VkDeviceSize alignment,
+        bool dedicatedPreferred,
+        VkBuffer dedicatedBuffer,
+        VkImage dedicatedImage,
+        VkFlags dedicatedBufferImageUsage,
+        const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,
+        uint32_t memTypeIndex,
+        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
+        VmaDedicatedAllocationList& dedicatedAllocations,
+        VmaBlockVector& blockVector,
+        size_t allocationCount,
+        VmaAllocation* pAllocations);
+
+    // Helper function only to be used inside AllocateDedicatedMemory.
+    VkResult AllocateDedicatedMemoryPage(
+        VmaPool pool,
+        VkDeviceSize size,
+        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
+        uint32_t memTypeIndex,
+        const VkMemoryAllocateInfo& allocInfo,
+        bool map,
+        bool isUserDataString,
+        bool isMappingAllowed,
+        void* pUserData,
+        VmaAllocation* pAllocation);
+
+    // Allocates and registers new VkDeviceMemory specifically for dedicated allocations.
+    VkResult AllocateDedicatedMemory(
+        VmaPool pool,
+        VkDeviceSize size,
+        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
+        VmaDedicatedAllocationList& dedicatedAllocations,
+        uint32_t memTypeIndex,
+        bool map,
+        bool isUserDataString,
+        bool isMappingAllowed,
+        bool canAliasMemory,
+        void* pUserData,
+        float priority,
+        VkBuffer dedicatedBuffer,
+        VkImage dedicatedImage,
+        VkFlags dedicatedBufferImageUsage,
+        size_t allocationCount,
+        VmaAllocation* pAllocations,
+        const void* pNextChain = nullptr);
+
+    void FreeDedicatedMemory(const VmaAllocation allocation);
+
+    VkResult CalcMemTypeParams(
+        VmaAllocationCreateInfo& outCreateInfo,
+        uint32_t memTypeIndex,
+        VkDeviceSize size,
+        size_t allocationCount);
+    VkResult CalcAllocationParams(
+        VmaAllocationCreateInfo& outCreateInfo,
+        bool dedicatedRequired,
+        bool dedicatedPreferred);
+
+    /*
+    Calculates and returns bit mask of memory types that can support defragmentation
+    on GPU as they support creation of required buffer for copy operations.
+    */
+    uint32_t CalculateGpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits() const;
+    uint32_t CalculateGlobalMemoryTypeBits() const;
+
+    bool GetFlushOrInvalidateRange(
+        VmaAllocation allocation,
+        VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size,
+        VkMappedMemoryRange& outRange) const;
+
+#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
+    void UpdateVulkanBudget();
+#endif // #if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
+};
+
+
+#ifndef _VMA_MEMORY_FUNCTIONS
+static void* VmaMalloc(VmaAllocator hAllocator, size_t size, size_t alignment)
+{
+    return VmaMalloc(&hAllocator->m_AllocationCallbacks, size, alignment);
+}
+
+static void VmaFree(VmaAllocator hAllocator, void* ptr)
+{
+    VmaFree(&hAllocator->m_AllocationCallbacks, ptr);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static T* VmaAllocate(VmaAllocator hAllocator)
+{
+    return (T*)VmaMalloc(hAllocator, sizeof(T), VMA_ALIGN_OF(T));
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static T* VmaAllocateArray(VmaAllocator hAllocator, size_t count)
+{
+    return (T*)VmaMalloc(hAllocator, sizeof(T) * count, VMA_ALIGN_OF(T));
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static void vma_delete(VmaAllocator hAllocator, T* ptr)
+{
+    if(ptr != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        ptr->~T();
+        VmaFree(hAllocator, ptr);
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static void vma_delete_array(VmaAllocator hAllocator, T* ptr, size_t count)
+{
+    if(ptr != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        for(size_t i = count; i--; )
+            ptr[i].~T();
+        VmaFree(hAllocator, ptr);
+    }
+}
+#endif // _VMA_MEMORY_FUNCTIONS
+
+#ifndef _VMA_DEVICE_MEMORY_BLOCK_FUNCTIONS
+VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::VmaDeviceMemoryBlock(VmaAllocator hAllocator)
+    : m_pMetadata(VMA_NULL),
+    m_MemoryTypeIndex(UINT32_MAX),
+    m_Id(0),
+    m_hMemory(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
+    m_MapCount(0),
+    m_pMappedData(VMA_NULL) {}
+
+VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::~VmaDeviceMemoryBlock()
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_MapCount == 0 && "VkDeviceMemory block is being destroyed while it is still mapped.");
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_hMemory == VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+}
+
+void VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::Init(
+    VmaAllocator hAllocator,
+    VmaPool hParentPool,
+    uint32_t newMemoryTypeIndex,
+    VkDeviceMemory newMemory,
+    VkDeviceSize newSize,
+    uint32_t id,
+    uint32_t algorithm,
+    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_hMemory == VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+
+    m_hParentPool = hParentPool;
+    m_MemoryTypeIndex = newMemoryTypeIndex;
+    m_Id = id;
+    m_hMemory = newMemory;
+
+    switch (algorithm)
+    {
+    case VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT:
+        m_pMetadata = vma_new(hAllocator, VmaBlockMetadata_Linear)(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(),
+            bufferImageGranularity, false); // isVirtual
+        break;
+    default:
+        VMA_ASSERT(0);
+        // Fall-through.
+    case 0:
+        m_pMetadata = vma_new(hAllocator, VmaBlockMetadata_TLSF)(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(),
+            bufferImageGranularity, false); // isVirtual
+    }
+    m_pMetadata->Init(newSize);
+}
+
+void VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::Destroy(VmaAllocator allocator)
+{
+    // Define macro VMA_DEBUG_LOG to receive the list of the unfreed allocations
+    if (!m_pMetadata->IsEmpty())
+        m_pMetadata->DebugLogAllAllocations();
+    // This is the most important assert in the entire library.
+    // Hitting it means you have some memory leak - unreleased VmaAllocation objects.
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_pMetadata->IsEmpty() && "Some allocations were not freed before destruction of this memory block!");
+
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_hMemory != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+    allocator->FreeVulkanMemory(m_MemoryTypeIndex, m_pMetadata->GetSize(), m_hMemory);
+    m_hMemory = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+    vma_delete(allocator, m_pMetadata);
+    m_pMetadata = VMA_NULL;
+}
+
+void VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::PostFree(VmaAllocator hAllocator)
+{
+    if(m_MappingHysteresis.PostFree())
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(m_MappingHysteresis.GetExtraMapping() == 0);
+        if (m_MapCount == 0)
+        {
+            m_pMappedData = VMA_NULL;
+            (*hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkUnmapMemory)(hAllocator->m_hDevice, m_hMemory);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::Validate() const
+{
+    VMA_VALIDATE((m_hMemory != VK_NULL_HANDLE) &&
+        (m_pMetadata->GetSize() != 0));
+
+    return m_pMetadata->Validate();
+}
+
+VkResult VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::CheckCorruption(VmaAllocator hAllocator)
+{
+    void* pData = nullptr;
+    VkResult res = Map(hAllocator, 1, &pData);
+    if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    res = m_pMetadata->CheckCorruption(pData);
+
+    Unmap(hAllocator, 1);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+VkResult VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::Map(VmaAllocator hAllocator, uint32_t count, void** ppData)
+{
+    if (count == 0)
+    {
+        return VK_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_MapAndBindMutex, hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
+    const uint32_t oldTotalMapCount = m_MapCount + m_MappingHysteresis.GetExtraMapping();
+    m_MappingHysteresis.PostMap();
+    if (oldTotalMapCount != 0)
+    {
+        m_MapCount += count;
+        VMA_ASSERT(m_pMappedData != VMA_NULL);
+        if (ppData != VMA_NULL)
+        {
+            *ppData = m_pMappedData;
+        }
+        return VK_SUCCESS;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        VkResult result = (*hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkMapMemory)(
+            hAllocator->m_hDevice,
+            m_hMemory,
+            0, // offset
+            VK_WHOLE_SIZE,
+            0, // flags
+            &m_pMappedData);
+        if (result == VK_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            if (ppData != VMA_NULL)
+            {
+                *ppData = m_pMappedData;
+            }
+            m_MapCount = count;
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::Unmap(VmaAllocator hAllocator, uint32_t count)
+{
+    if (count == 0)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_MapAndBindMutex, hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
+    if (m_MapCount >= count)
+    {
+        m_MapCount -= count;
+        const uint32_t totalMapCount = m_MapCount + m_MappingHysteresis.GetExtraMapping();
+        if (totalMapCount == 0)
+        {
+            m_pMappedData = VMA_NULL;
+            (*hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkUnmapMemory)(hAllocator->m_hDevice, m_hMemory);
+        }
+        m_MappingHysteresis.PostUnmap();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VkDeviceMemory block is being unmapped while it was not previously mapped.");
+    }
+}
+
+VkResult VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::WriteMagicValueAfterAllocation(VmaAllocator hAllocator, VkDeviceSize allocOffset, VkDeviceSize allocSize)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > 0 && VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN % 4 == 0 && VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION);
+
+    void* pData;
+    VkResult res = Map(hAllocator, 1, &pData);
+    if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    VmaWriteMagicValue(pData, allocOffset + allocSize);
+
+    Unmap(hAllocator, 1);
+    return VK_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+VkResult VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::ValidateMagicValueAfterAllocation(VmaAllocator hAllocator, VkDeviceSize allocOffset, VkDeviceSize allocSize)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > 0 && VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN % 4 == 0 && VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION);
+
+    void* pData;
+    VkResult res = Map(hAllocator, 1, &pData);
+    if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    if (!VmaValidateMagicValue(pData, allocOffset + allocSize))
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "MEMORY CORRUPTION DETECTED AFTER FREED ALLOCATION!");
+    }
+
+    Unmap(hAllocator, 1);
+    return VK_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+VkResult VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::BindBufferMemory(
+    const VmaAllocator hAllocator,
+    const VmaAllocation hAllocation,
+    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
+    VkBuffer hBuffer,
+    const void* pNext)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(hAllocation->GetType() == VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK &&
+        hAllocation->GetBlock() == this);
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocationLocalOffset < hAllocation->GetSize() &&
+        "Invalid allocationLocalOffset. Did you forget that this offset is relative to the beginning of the allocation, not the whole memory block?");
+    const VkDeviceSize memoryOffset = hAllocation->GetOffset() + allocationLocalOffset;
+    // This lock is important so that we don't call vkBind... and/or vkMap... simultaneously on the same VkDeviceMemory from multiple threads.
+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_MapAndBindMutex, hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
+    return hAllocator->BindVulkanBuffer(m_hMemory, memoryOffset, hBuffer, pNext);
+}
+
+VkResult VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::BindImageMemory(
+    const VmaAllocator hAllocator,
+    const VmaAllocation hAllocation,
+    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
+    VkImage hImage,
+    const void* pNext)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(hAllocation->GetType() == VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK &&
+        hAllocation->GetBlock() == this);
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocationLocalOffset < hAllocation->GetSize() &&
+        "Invalid allocationLocalOffset. Did you forget that this offset is relative to the beginning of the allocation, not the whole memory block?");
+    const VkDeviceSize memoryOffset = hAllocation->GetOffset() + allocationLocalOffset;
+    // This lock is important so that we don't call vkBind... and/or vkMap... simultaneously on the same VkDeviceMemory from multiple threads.
+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_MapAndBindMutex, hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
+    return hAllocator->BindVulkanImage(m_hMemory, memoryOffset, hImage, pNext);
+}
+#endif // _VMA_DEVICE_MEMORY_BLOCK_FUNCTIONS
+
+#ifndef _VMA_ALLOCATION_T_FUNCTIONS
+VmaAllocation_T::VmaAllocation_T(bool mappingAllowed)
+    : m_Alignment{ 1 },
+    m_Size{ 0 },
+    m_pUserData{ VMA_NULL },
+    m_pName{ VMA_NULL },
+    m_MemoryTypeIndex{ 0 },
+    m_Type{ (uint8_t)ALLOCATION_TYPE_NONE },
+    m_SuballocationType{ (uint8_t)VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN },
+    m_MapCount{ 0 },
+    m_Flags{ 0 }
+{
+    if(mappingAllowed)
+        m_Flags |= (uint8_t)FLAG_MAPPING_ALLOWED;
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+    m_BufferImageUsage = 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+VmaAllocation_T::~VmaAllocation_T()
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_MapCount == 0 && "Allocation was not unmapped before destruction.");
+
+    // Check if owned string was freed.
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_pName == VMA_NULL);
+}
+
+void VmaAllocation_T::InitBlockAllocation(
+    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* block,
+    VmaAllocHandle allocHandle,
+    VkDeviceSize alignment,
+    VkDeviceSize size,
+    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,
+    VmaSuballocationType suballocationType,
+    bool mapped)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_Type == ALLOCATION_TYPE_NONE);
+    VMA_ASSERT(block != VMA_NULL);
+    m_Type = (uint8_t)ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK;
+    m_Alignment = alignment;
+    m_Size = size;
+    m_MemoryTypeIndex = memoryTypeIndex;
+    if(mapped)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(IsMappingAllowed() && "Mapping is not allowed on this allocation! Please use one of the new VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_* flags when creating it.");
+        m_Flags |= (uint8_t)FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP;
+    }
+    m_SuballocationType = (uint8_t)suballocationType;
+    m_BlockAllocation.m_Block = block;
+    m_BlockAllocation.m_AllocHandle = allocHandle;
+}
+
+void VmaAllocation_T::InitDedicatedAllocation(
+    VmaPool hParentPool,
+    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,
+    VkDeviceMemory hMemory,
+    VmaSuballocationType suballocationType,
+    void* pMappedData,
+    VkDeviceSize size)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_Type == ALLOCATION_TYPE_NONE);
+    VMA_ASSERT(hMemory != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+    m_Type = (uint8_t)ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED;
+    m_Alignment = 0;
+    m_Size = size;
+    m_MemoryTypeIndex = memoryTypeIndex;
+    m_SuballocationType = (uint8_t)suballocationType;
+    if(pMappedData != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(IsMappingAllowed() && "Mapping is not allowed on this allocation! Please use one of the new VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_* flags when creating it.");
+        m_Flags |= (uint8_t)FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP;
+    }
+    m_DedicatedAllocation.m_hParentPool = hParentPool;
+    m_DedicatedAllocation.m_hMemory = hMemory;
+    m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData = pMappedData;
+    m_DedicatedAllocation.m_Prev = VMA_NULL;
+    m_DedicatedAllocation.m_Next = VMA_NULL;
+}
+
+void VmaAllocation_T::SetName(VmaAllocator hAllocator, const char* pName)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(pName == VMA_NULL || pName != m_pName);
+
+    FreeName(hAllocator);
+
+    if (pName != VMA_NULL)
+        m_pName = VmaCreateStringCopy(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(), pName);
+}
+
+uint8_t VmaAllocation_T::SwapBlockAllocation(VmaAllocator hAllocator, VmaAllocation allocation)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocation != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_Type == ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK);
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocation->m_Type == ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK);
+
+    if (m_MapCount != 0)
+        m_BlockAllocation.m_Block->Unmap(hAllocator, m_MapCount);
+
+    m_BlockAllocation.m_Block->m_pMetadata->SetAllocationUserData(m_BlockAllocation.m_AllocHandle, allocation);
+    VMA_SWAP(m_BlockAllocation, allocation->m_BlockAllocation);
+    m_BlockAllocation.m_Block->m_pMetadata->SetAllocationUserData(m_BlockAllocation.m_AllocHandle, this);
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+    VMA_SWAP(m_BufferImageUsage, allocation->m_BufferImageUsage);
+#endif
+    return m_MapCount;
+}
+
+VmaAllocHandle VmaAllocation_T::GetAllocHandle() const
+{
+    switch (m_Type)
+    {
+    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
+        return m_BlockAllocation.m_AllocHandle;
+    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
+        return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    default:
+        VMA_ASSERT(0);
+        return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+}
+
+VkDeviceSize VmaAllocation_T::GetOffset() const
+{
+    switch (m_Type)
+    {
+    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
+        return m_BlockAllocation.m_Block->m_pMetadata->GetAllocationOffset(m_BlockAllocation.m_AllocHandle);
+    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
+        return 0;
+    default:
+        VMA_ASSERT(0);
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+VmaPool VmaAllocation_T::GetParentPool() const
+{
+    switch (m_Type)
+    {
+    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
+        return m_BlockAllocation.m_Block->GetParentPool();
+    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
+        return m_DedicatedAllocation.m_hParentPool;
+    default:
+        VMA_ASSERT(0);
+        return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+}
+
+VkDeviceMemory VmaAllocation_T::GetMemory() const
+{
+    switch (m_Type)
+    {
+    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
+        return m_BlockAllocation.m_Block->GetDeviceMemory();
+    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
+        return m_DedicatedAllocation.m_hMemory;
+    default:
+        VMA_ASSERT(0);
+        return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+}
+
+void* VmaAllocation_T::GetMappedData() const
+{
+    switch (m_Type)
+    {
+    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
+        if (m_MapCount != 0 || IsPersistentMap())
+        {
+            void* pBlockData = m_BlockAllocation.m_Block->GetMappedData();
+            VMA_ASSERT(pBlockData != VMA_NULL);
+            return (char*)pBlockData + GetOffset();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return VMA_NULL;
+        }
+        break;
+    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
+        VMA_ASSERT((m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData != VMA_NULL) == (m_MapCount != 0 || IsPersistentMap()));
+        return m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData;
+    default:
+        VMA_ASSERT(0);
+        return VMA_NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaAllocation_T::BlockAllocMap()
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(GetType() == ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK);
+    VMA_ASSERT(IsMappingAllowed() && "Mapping is not allowed on this allocation! Please use one of the new VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_* flags when creating it.");
+
+    if (m_MapCount < 0xFF)
+    {
+        ++m_MapCount;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Allocation mapped too many times simultaneously.");
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaAllocation_T::BlockAllocUnmap()
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(GetType() == ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK);
+
+    if (m_MapCount > 0)
+    {
+        --m_MapCount;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Unmapping allocation not previously mapped.");
+    }
+}
+
+VkResult VmaAllocation_T::DedicatedAllocMap(VmaAllocator hAllocator, void** ppData)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(GetType() == ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED);
+    VMA_ASSERT(IsMappingAllowed() && "Mapping is not allowed on this allocation! Please use one of the new VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_* flags when creating it.");
+
+    if (m_MapCount != 0 || IsPersistentMap())
+    {
+        if (m_MapCount < 0xFF)
+        {
+            VMA_ASSERT(m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData != VMA_NULL);
+            *ppData = m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData;
+            ++m_MapCount;
+            return VK_SUCCESS;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Dedicated allocation mapped too many times simultaneously.");
+            return VK_ERROR_MEMORY_MAP_FAILED;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        VkResult result = (*hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkMapMemory)(
+            hAllocator->m_hDevice,
+            m_DedicatedAllocation.m_hMemory,
+            0, // offset
+            VK_WHOLE_SIZE,
+            0, // flags
+            ppData);
+        if (result == VK_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData = *ppData;
+            m_MapCount = 1;
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaAllocation_T::DedicatedAllocUnmap(VmaAllocator hAllocator)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(GetType() == ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED);
+
+    if (m_MapCount > 0)
+    {
+        --m_MapCount;
+        if (m_MapCount == 0 && !IsPersistentMap())
+        {
+            m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData = VMA_NULL;
+            (*hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkUnmapMemory)(
+                hAllocator->m_hDevice,
+                m_DedicatedAllocation.m_hMemory);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Unmapping dedicated allocation not previously mapped.");
+    }
+}
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+void VmaAllocation_T::InitBufferImageUsage(uint32_t bufferImageUsage)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_BufferImageUsage == 0);
+    m_BufferImageUsage = bufferImageUsage;
+}
+
+void VmaAllocation_T::PrintParameters(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const
+{
+    json.WriteString("Type");
+    json.WriteString(VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_NAMES[m_SuballocationType]);
+
+    json.WriteString("Size");
+    json.WriteNumber(m_Size);
+    json.WriteString("Usage");
+    json.WriteNumber(m_BufferImageUsage);
+
+    if (m_pUserData != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        json.WriteString("CustomData");
+        json.BeginString();
+        json.ContinueString_Pointer(m_pUserData);
+        json.EndString();
+    }
+    if (m_pName != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        json.WriteString("Name");
+        json.WriteString(m_pName);
+    }
+}
+#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+
+void VmaAllocation_T::FreeName(VmaAllocator hAllocator)
+{
+    if(m_pName)
+    {
+        VmaFreeString(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(), m_pName);
+        m_pName = VMA_NULL;
+    }
+}
+#endif // _VMA_ALLOCATION_T_FUNCTIONS
+
+#ifndef _VMA_BLOCK_VECTOR_FUNCTIONS
+VmaBlockVector::VmaBlockVector(
+    VmaAllocator hAllocator,
+    VmaPool hParentPool,
+    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,
+    VkDeviceSize preferredBlockSize,
+    size_t minBlockCount,
+    size_t maxBlockCount,
+    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,
+    bool explicitBlockSize,
+    uint32_t algorithm,
+    float priority,
+    VkDeviceSize minAllocationAlignment,
+    void* pMemoryAllocateNext)
+    : m_hAllocator(hAllocator),
+    m_hParentPool(hParentPool),
+    m_MemoryTypeIndex(memoryTypeIndex),
+    m_PreferredBlockSize(preferredBlockSize),
+    m_MinBlockCount(minBlockCount),
+    m_MaxBlockCount(maxBlockCount),
+    m_BufferImageGranularity(bufferImageGranularity),
+    m_ExplicitBlockSize(explicitBlockSize),
+    m_Algorithm(algorithm),
+    m_Priority(priority),
+    m_MinAllocationAlignment(minAllocationAlignment),
+    m_pMemoryAllocateNext(pMemoryAllocateNext),
+    m_Blocks(VmaStlAllocator<VmaDeviceMemoryBlock*>(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks())),
+    m_NextBlockId(0) {}
+
+VmaBlockVector::~VmaBlockVector()
+{
+    for (size_t i = m_Blocks.size(); i--; )
+    {
+        m_Blocks[i]->Destroy(m_hAllocator);
+        vma_delete(m_hAllocator, m_Blocks[i]);
+    }
+}
+
+VkResult VmaBlockVector::CreateMinBlocks()
+{
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_MinBlockCount; ++i)
+    {
+        VkResult res = CreateBlock(m_PreferredBlockSize, VMA_NULL);
+        if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            return res;
+        }
+    }
+    return VK_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockVector::AddStatistics(VmaStatistics& inoutStats)
+{
+    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
+
+    const size_t blockCount = m_Blocks.size();
+    for (uint32_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < blockCount; ++blockIndex)
+    {
+        const VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];
+        VMA_ASSERT(pBlock);
+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(pBlock->Validate());
+        pBlock->m_pMetadata->AddStatistics(inoutStats);
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaBlockVector::AddDetailedStatistics(VmaDetailedStatistics& inoutStats)
+{
+    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
+
+    const size_t blockCount = m_Blocks.size();
+    for (uint32_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < blockCount; ++blockIndex)
+    {
+        const VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];
+        VMA_ASSERT(pBlock);
+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(pBlock->Validate());
+        pBlock->m_pMetadata->AddDetailedStatistics(inoutStats);
+    }
+}
+
+bool VmaBlockVector::IsEmpty()
+{
+    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
+    return m_Blocks.empty();
+}
+
+bool VmaBlockVector::IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled() const
+{
+    const uint32_t requiredMemFlags = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT;
+    return (VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION != 0) &&
+        (VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > 0) &&
+        (m_Algorithm == 0 || m_Algorithm == VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT) &&
+        (m_hAllocator->m_MemProps.memoryTypes[m_MemoryTypeIndex].propertyFlags & requiredMemFlags) == requiredMemFlags;
+}
+
+VkResult VmaBlockVector::Allocate(
+    VkDeviceSize size,
+    VkDeviceSize alignment,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,
+    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
+    size_t allocationCount,
+    VmaAllocation* pAllocations)
+{
+    size_t allocIndex;
+    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
+
+    alignment = VMA_MAX(alignment, m_MinAllocationAlignment);
+
+    if (IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled())
+    {
+        size = VmaAlignUp<VkDeviceSize>(size, sizeof(VMA_CORRUPTION_DETECTION_MAGIC_VALUE));
+        alignment = VmaAlignUp<VkDeviceSize>(alignment, sizeof(VMA_CORRUPTION_DETECTION_MAGIC_VALUE));
+    }
+
+    {
+        VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
+        for (allocIndex = 0; allocIndex < allocationCount; ++allocIndex)
+        {
+            res = AllocatePage(
+                size,
+                alignment,
+                createInfo,
+                suballocType,
+                pAllocations + allocIndex);
+            if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        // Free all already created allocations.
+        while (allocIndex--)
+            Free(pAllocations[allocIndex]);
+        memset(pAllocations, 0, sizeof(VmaAllocation) * allocationCount);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+VkResult VmaBlockVector::AllocatePage(
+    VkDeviceSize size,
+    VkDeviceSize alignment,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,
+    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation)
+{
+    const bool isUpperAddress = (createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT) != 0;
+
+    VkDeviceSize freeMemory;
+    {
+        const uint32_t heapIndex = m_hAllocator->MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(m_MemoryTypeIndex);
+        VmaBudget heapBudget = {};
+        m_hAllocator->GetHeapBudgets(&heapBudget, heapIndex, 1);
+        freeMemory = (heapBudget.usage < heapBudget.budget) ? (heapBudget.budget - heapBudget.usage) : 0;
+    }
+
+    const bool canFallbackToDedicated = !HasExplicitBlockSize() &&
+        (createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT) == 0;
+    const bool canCreateNewBlock =
+        ((createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT) == 0) &&
+        (m_Blocks.size() < m_MaxBlockCount) &&
+        (freeMemory >= size || !canFallbackToDedicated);
+    uint32_t strategy = createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MASK;
+
+    // Upper address can only be used with linear allocator and within single memory block.
+    if (isUpperAddress &&
+        (m_Algorithm != VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT || m_MaxBlockCount > 1))
+    {
+        return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;
+    }
+
+    // Early reject: requested allocation size is larger that maximum block size for this block vector.
+    if (size + VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > m_PreferredBlockSize)
+    {
+        return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;
+    }
+
+    // 1. Search existing allocations. Try to allocate.
+    if (m_Algorithm == VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT)
+    {
+        // Use only last block.
+        if (!m_Blocks.empty())
+        {
+            VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pCurrBlock = m_Blocks.back();
+            VMA_ASSERT(pCurrBlock);
+            VkResult res = AllocateFromBlock(
+                pCurrBlock, size, alignment, createInfo.flags, createInfo.pUserData, suballocType, strategy, pAllocation);
+            if (res == VK_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Returned from last block #%u", pCurrBlock->GetId());
+                IncrementallySortBlocks();
+                return VK_SUCCESS;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (strategy != VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT) // MIN_MEMORY or default
+        {
+            const bool isHostVisible =
+                (m_hAllocator->m_MemProps.memoryTypes[m_MemoryTypeIndex].propertyFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) != 0;
+            if(isHostVisible)
+            {
+                const bool isMappingAllowed = (createInfo.flags &
+                    (VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT | VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT)) != 0;
+                /*
+                For non-mappable allocations, check blocks that are not mapped first.
+                For mappable allocations, check blocks that are already mapped first.
+                This way, having many blocks, we will separate mappable and non-mappable allocations,
+                hopefully limiting the number of blocks that are mapped, which will help tools like RenderDoc.
+                */
+                for(size_t mappingI = 0; mappingI < 2; ++mappingI)
+                {
+                    // Forward order in m_Blocks - prefer blocks with smallest amount of free space.
+                    for (size_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < m_Blocks.size(); ++blockIndex)
+                    {
+                        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pCurrBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];
+                        VMA_ASSERT(pCurrBlock);
+                        const bool isBlockMapped = pCurrBlock->GetMappedData() != VMA_NULL;
+                        if((mappingI == 0) == (isMappingAllowed == isBlockMapped))
+                        {
+                            VkResult res = AllocateFromBlock(
+                                pCurrBlock, size, alignment, createInfo.flags, createInfo.pUserData, suballocType, strategy, pAllocation);
+                            if (res == VK_SUCCESS)
+                            {
+                                VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Returned from existing block #%u", pCurrBlock->GetId());
+                                IncrementallySortBlocks();
+                                return VK_SUCCESS;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Forward order in m_Blocks - prefer blocks with smallest amount of free space.
+                for (size_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < m_Blocks.size(); ++blockIndex)
+                {
+                    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pCurrBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];
+                    VMA_ASSERT(pCurrBlock);
+                    VkResult res = AllocateFromBlock(
+                        pCurrBlock, size, alignment, createInfo.flags, createInfo.pUserData, suballocType, strategy, pAllocation);
+                    if (res == VK_SUCCESS)
+                    {
+                        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Returned from existing block #%u", pCurrBlock->GetId());
+                        IncrementallySortBlocks();
+                        return VK_SUCCESS;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else // VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT
+        {
+            // Backward order in m_Blocks - prefer blocks with largest amount of free space.
+            for (size_t blockIndex = m_Blocks.size(); blockIndex--; )
+            {
+                VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pCurrBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];
+                VMA_ASSERT(pCurrBlock);
+                VkResult res = AllocateFromBlock(pCurrBlock, size, alignment, createInfo.flags, createInfo.pUserData, suballocType, strategy, pAllocation);
+                if (res == VK_SUCCESS)
+                {
+                    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Returned from existing block #%u", pCurrBlock->GetId());
+                    IncrementallySortBlocks();
+                    return VK_SUCCESS;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // 2. Try to create new block.
+    if (canCreateNewBlock)
+    {
+        // Calculate optimal size for new block.
+        VkDeviceSize newBlockSize = m_PreferredBlockSize;
+        uint32_t newBlockSizeShift = 0;
+        const uint32_t NEW_BLOCK_SIZE_SHIFT_MAX = 3;
+
+        if (!m_ExplicitBlockSize)
+        {
+            // Allocate 1/8, 1/4, 1/2 as first blocks.
+            const VkDeviceSize maxExistingBlockSize = CalcMaxBlockSize();
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < NEW_BLOCK_SIZE_SHIFT_MAX; ++i)
+            {
+                const VkDeviceSize smallerNewBlockSize = newBlockSize / 2;
+                if (smallerNewBlockSize > maxExistingBlockSize && smallerNewBlockSize >= size * 2)
+                {
+                    newBlockSize = smallerNewBlockSize;
+                    ++newBlockSizeShift;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        size_t newBlockIndex = 0;
+        VkResult res = (newBlockSize <= freeMemory || !canFallbackToDedicated) ?
+            CreateBlock(newBlockSize, &newBlockIndex) : VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;
+        // Allocation of this size failed? Try 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 of m_PreferredBlockSize.
+        if (!m_ExplicitBlockSize)
+        {
+            while (res < 0 && newBlockSizeShift < NEW_BLOCK_SIZE_SHIFT_MAX)
+            {
+                const VkDeviceSize smallerNewBlockSize = newBlockSize / 2;
+                if (smallerNewBlockSize >= size)
+                {
+                    newBlockSize = smallerNewBlockSize;
+                    ++newBlockSizeShift;
+                    res = (newBlockSize <= freeMemory || !canFallbackToDedicated) ?
+                        CreateBlock(newBlockSize, &newBlockIndex) : VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (res == VK_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = m_Blocks[newBlockIndex];
+            VMA_ASSERT(pBlock->m_pMetadata->GetSize() >= size);
+
+            res = AllocateFromBlock(
+                pBlock, size, alignment, createInfo.flags, createInfo.pUserData, suballocType, strategy, pAllocation);
+            if (res == VK_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Created new block #%u Size=%llu", pBlock->GetId(), newBlockSize);
+                IncrementallySortBlocks();
+                return VK_SUCCESS;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Allocation from new block failed, possibly due to VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN or alignment.
+                return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockVector::Free(const VmaAllocation hAllocation)
+{
+    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlockToDelete = VMA_NULL;
+
+    bool budgetExceeded = false;
+    {
+        const uint32_t heapIndex = m_hAllocator->MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(m_MemoryTypeIndex);
+        VmaBudget heapBudget = {};
+        m_hAllocator->GetHeapBudgets(&heapBudget, heapIndex, 1);
+        budgetExceeded = heapBudget.usage >= heapBudget.budget;
+    }
+
+    // Scope for lock.
+    {
+        VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
+
+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock = hAllocation->GetBlock();
+
+        if (IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled())
+        {
+            VkResult res = pBlock->ValidateMagicValueAfterAllocation(m_hAllocator, hAllocation->GetOffset(), hAllocation->GetSize());
+            VMA_ASSERT(res == VK_SUCCESS && "Couldn't map block memory to validate magic value.");
+        }
+
+        if (hAllocation->IsPersistentMap())
+        {
+            pBlock->Unmap(m_hAllocator, 1);
+        }
+
+        const bool hadEmptyBlockBeforeFree = HasEmptyBlock();
+        pBlock->m_pMetadata->Free(hAllocation->GetAllocHandle());
+        pBlock->PostFree(m_hAllocator);
+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(pBlock->Validate());
+
+        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("  Freed from MemoryTypeIndex=%u", m_MemoryTypeIndex);
+
+        const bool canDeleteBlock = m_Blocks.size() > m_MinBlockCount;
+        // pBlock became empty after this deallocation.
+        if (pBlock->m_pMetadata->IsEmpty())
+        {
+            // Already had empty block. We don't want to have two, so delete this one.
+            if ((hadEmptyBlockBeforeFree || budgetExceeded) && canDeleteBlock)
+            {
+                pBlockToDelete = pBlock;
+                Remove(pBlock);
+            }
+            // else: We now have one empty block - leave it. A hysteresis to avoid allocating whole block back and forth.
+        }
+        // pBlock didn't become empty, but we have another empty block - find and free that one.
+        // (This is optional, heuristics.)
+        else if (hadEmptyBlockBeforeFree && canDeleteBlock)
+        {
+            VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pLastBlock = m_Blocks.back();
+            if (pLastBlock->m_pMetadata->IsEmpty())
+            {
+                pBlockToDelete = pLastBlock;
+                m_Blocks.pop_back();
+            }
+        }
+
+        IncrementallySortBlocks();
+    }
+
+    // Destruction of a free block. Deferred until this point, outside of mutex
+    // lock, for performance reason.
+    if (pBlockToDelete != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Deleted empty block #%u", pBlockToDelete->GetId());
+        pBlockToDelete->Destroy(m_hAllocator);
+        vma_delete(m_hAllocator, pBlockToDelete);
+    }
+
+    m_hAllocator->m_Budget.RemoveAllocation(m_hAllocator->MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(m_MemoryTypeIndex), hAllocation->GetSize());
+    m_hAllocator->m_AllocationObjectAllocator.Free(hAllocation);
+}
+
+VkDeviceSize VmaBlockVector::CalcMaxBlockSize() const
+{
+    VkDeviceSize result = 0;
+    for (size_t i = m_Blocks.size(); i--; )
+    {
+        result = VMA_MAX(result, m_Blocks[i]->m_pMetadata->GetSize());
+        if (result >= m_PreferredBlockSize)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+void VmaBlockVector::Remove(VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock)
+{
+    for (uint32_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < m_Blocks.size(); ++blockIndex)
+    {
+        if (m_Blocks[blockIndex] == pBlock)
+        {
+            VmaVectorRemove(m_Blocks, blockIndex);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    VMA_ASSERT(0);
+}
+
+void VmaBlockVector::IncrementallySortBlocks()
+{
+    if (!m_IncrementalSort)
+        return;
+    if (m_Algorithm != VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT)
+    {
+        // Bubble sort only until first swap.
+        for (size_t i = 1; i < m_Blocks.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            if (m_Blocks[i - 1]->m_pMetadata->GetSumFreeSize() > m_Blocks[i]->m_pMetadata->GetSumFreeSize())
+            {
+                VMA_SWAP(m_Blocks[i - 1], m_Blocks[i]);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaBlockVector::SortByFreeSize()
+{
+    VMA_SORT(m_Blocks.begin(), m_Blocks.end(),
+        [](auto* b1, auto* b2)
+        {
+            return b1->m_pMetadata->GetSumFreeSize() < b2->m_pMetadata->GetSumFreeSize();
+        });
+}
+
+VkResult VmaBlockVector::AllocateFromBlock(
+    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock,
+    VkDeviceSize size,
+    VkDeviceSize alignment,
+    VmaAllocationCreateFlags allocFlags,
+    void* pUserData,
+    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
+    uint32_t strategy,
+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation)
+{
+    const bool isUpperAddress = (allocFlags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT) != 0;
+
+    VmaAllocationRequest currRequest = {};
+    if (pBlock->m_pMetadata->CreateAllocationRequest(
+        size,
+        alignment,
+        isUpperAddress,
+        suballocType,
+        strategy,
+        &currRequest))
+    {
+        return CommitAllocationRequest(currRequest, pBlock, alignment, allocFlags, pUserData, suballocType, pAllocation);
+    }
+    return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;
+}
+
+VkResult VmaBlockVector::CommitAllocationRequest(
+    VmaAllocationRequest& allocRequest,
+    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock,
+    VkDeviceSize alignment,
+    VmaAllocationCreateFlags allocFlags,
+    void* pUserData,
+    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation)
+{
+    const bool mapped = (allocFlags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT) != 0;
+    const bool isUserDataString = (allocFlags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT) != 0;
+    const bool isMappingAllowed = (allocFlags &
+        (VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT | VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT)) != 0;
+
+    pBlock->PostAlloc();
+    // Allocate from pCurrBlock.
+    if (mapped)
+    {
+        VkResult res = pBlock->Map(m_hAllocator, 1, VMA_NULL);
+        if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            return res;
+        }
+    }
+
+    *pAllocation = m_hAllocator->m_AllocationObjectAllocator.Allocate(isMappingAllowed);
+    pBlock->m_pMetadata->Alloc(allocRequest, suballocType, *pAllocation);
+    (*pAllocation)->InitBlockAllocation(
+        pBlock,
+        allocRequest.allocHandle,
+        alignment,
+        allocRequest.size, // Not size, as actual allocation size may be larger than requested!
+        m_MemoryTypeIndex,
+        suballocType,
+        mapped);
+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(pBlock->Validate());
+    if (isUserDataString)
+        (*pAllocation)->SetName(m_hAllocator, (const char*)pUserData);
+    else
+        (*pAllocation)->SetUserData(m_hAllocator, pUserData);
+    m_hAllocator->m_Budget.AddAllocation(m_hAllocator->MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(m_MemoryTypeIndex), allocRequest.size);
+    if (VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS)
+    {
+        m_hAllocator->FillAllocation(*pAllocation, VMA_ALLOCATION_FILL_PATTERN_CREATED);
+    }
+    if (IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled())
+    {
+        VkResult res = pBlock->WriteMagicValueAfterAllocation(m_hAllocator, (*pAllocation)->GetOffset(), allocRequest.size);
+        VMA_ASSERT(res == VK_SUCCESS && "Couldn't map block memory to write magic value.");
+    }
+    return VK_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+VkResult VmaBlockVector::CreateBlock(VkDeviceSize blockSize, size_t* pNewBlockIndex)
+{
+    VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO };
+    allocInfo.pNext = m_pMemoryAllocateNext;
+    allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = m_MemoryTypeIndex;
+    allocInfo.allocationSize = blockSize;
+
+#if VMA_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS
+    // Every standalone block can potentially contain a buffer with VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT - always enable the feature.
+    VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfoKHR allocFlagsInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_FLAGS_INFO_KHR };
+    if (m_hAllocator->m_UseKhrBufferDeviceAddress)
+    {
+        allocFlagsInfo.flags = VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT_KHR;
+        VmaPnextChainPushFront(&allocInfo, &allocFlagsInfo);
+    }
+#endif // VMA_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS
+
+#if VMA_MEMORY_PRIORITY
+    VkMemoryPriorityAllocateInfoEXT priorityInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_PRIORITY_ALLOCATE_INFO_EXT };
+    if (m_hAllocator->m_UseExtMemoryPriority)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(m_Priority >= 0.f && m_Priority <= 1.f);
+        priorityInfo.priority = m_Priority;
+        VmaPnextChainPushFront(&allocInfo, &priorityInfo);
+    }
+#endif // VMA_MEMORY_PRIORITY
+
+#if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
+    // Attach VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR if necessary.
+    VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR exportMemoryAllocInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXPORT_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO_KHR };
+    exportMemoryAllocInfo.handleTypes = m_hAllocator->GetExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlags(m_MemoryTypeIndex);
+    if (exportMemoryAllocInfo.handleTypes != 0)
+    {
+        VmaPnextChainPushFront(&allocInfo, &exportMemoryAllocInfo);
+    }
+#endif // VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
+
+    VkDeviceMemory mem = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    VkResult res = m_hAllocator->AllocateVulkanMemory(&allocInfo, &mem);
+    if (res < 0)
+    {
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    // New VkDeviceMemory successfully created.
+
+    // Create new Allocation for it.
+    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = vma_new(m_hAllocator, VmaDeviceMemoryBlock)(m_hAllocator);
+    pBlock->Init(
+        m_hAllocator,
+        m_hParentPool,
+        m_MemoryTypeIndex,
+        mem,
+        allocInfo.allocationSize,
+        m_NextBlockId++,
+        m_Algorithm,
+        m_BufferImageGranularity);
+
+    m_Blocks.push_back(pBlock);
+    if (pNewBlockIndex != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        *pNewBlockIndex = m_Blocks.size() - 1;
+    }
+
+    return VK_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+bool VmaBlockVector::HasEmptyBlock()
+{
+    for (size_t index = 0, count = m_Blocks.size(); index < count; ++index)
+    {
+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = m_Blocks[index];
+        if (pBlock->m_pMetadata->IsEmpty())
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+void VmaBlockVector::PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json)
+{
+    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
+
+
+    json.BeginObject();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_Blocks.size(); ++i)
+    {
+        json.BeginString();
+        json.ContinueString(m_Blocks[i]->GetId());
+        json.EndString();
+
+        json.BeginObject();
+        json.WriteString("MapRefCount");
+        json.WriteNumber(m_Blocks[i]->GetMapRefCount());
+
+        m_Blocks[i]->m_pMetadata->PrintDetailedMap(json);
+        json.EndObject();
+    }
+    json.EndObject();
+}
+#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+
+VkResult VmaBlockVector::CheckCorruption()
+{
+    if (!IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled())
+    {
+        return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;
+    }
+
+    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);
+    for (uint32_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < m_Blocks.size(); ++blockIndex)
+    {
+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];
+        VMA_ASSERT(pBlock);
+        VkResult res = pBlock->CheckCorruption(m_hAllocator);
+        if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            return res;
+        }
+    }
+    return VK_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+#endif // _VMA_BLOCK_VECTOR_FUNCTIONS
+
+#ifndef _VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_CONTEXT_FUNCTIONS
+VmaDefragmentationContext_T::VmaDefragmentationContext_T(
+    VmaAllocator hAllocator,
+    const VmaDefragmentationInfo& info)
+    : m_MaxPassBytes(info.maxBytesPerPass == 0 ? VK_WHOLE_SIZE : info.maxBytesPerPass),
+    m_MaxPassAllocations(info.maxAllocationsPerPass == 0 ? UINT32_MAX : info.maxAllocationsPerPass),
+    m_MoveAllocator(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks()),
+    m_Moves(m_MoveAllocator)
+{
+    m_Algorithm = info.flags & VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_MASK;
+
+    if (info.pool != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        m_BlockVectorCount = 1;
+        m_PoolBlockVector = &info.pool->m_BlockVector;
+        m_pBlockVectors = &m_PoolBlockVector;
+        m_PoolBlockVector->SetIncrementalSort(false);
+        m_PoolBlockVector->SortByFreeSize();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        m_BlockVectorCount = hAllocator->GetMemoryTypeCount();
+        m_PoolBlockVector = VMA_NULL;
+        m_pBlockVectors = hAllocator->m_pBlockVectors;
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_BlockVectorCount; ++i)
+        {
+            VmaBlockVector* vector = m_pBlockVectors[i];
+            if (vector != VMA_NULL)
+            {
+                vector->SetIncrementalSort(false);
+                vector->SortByFreeSize();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    switch (m_Algorithm)
+    {
+    case 0: // Default algorithm
+        m_Algorithm = VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_BALANCED_BIT;
+    case VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_BALANCED_BIT:
+    {
+        m_AlgorithmState = vma_new_array(hAllocator, StateBalanced, m_BlockVectorCount);
+        break;
+    }
+    case VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_EXTENSIVE_BIT:
+    {
+        if (hAllocator->GetBufferImageGranularity() > 1)
+        {
+            m_AlgorithmState = vma_new_array(hAllocator, StateExtensive, m_BlockVectorCount);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    }
+}
+
+VmaDefragmentationContext_T::~VmaDefragmentationContext_T()
+{
+    if (m_PoolBlockVector != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        m_PoolBlockVector->SetIncrementalSort(true);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_BlockVectorCount; ++i)
+        {
+            VmaBlockVector* vector = m_pBlockVectors[i];
+            if (vector != VMA_NULL)
+                vector->SetIncrementalSort(true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (m_AlgorithmState)
+    {
+        switch (m_Algorithm)
+        {
+        case VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_BALANCED_BIT:
+            vma_delete_array(m_MoveAllocator.m_pCallbacks, reinterpret_cast<StateBalanced*>(m_AlgorithmState), m_BlockVectorCount);
+            break;
+        case VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_EXTENSIVE_BIT:
+            vma_delete_array(m_MoveAllocator.m_pCallbacks, reinterpret_cast<StateExtensive*>(m_AlgorithmState), m_BlockVectorCount);
+            break;
+        default:
+            VMA_ASSERT(0);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+VkResult VmaDefragmentationContext_T::DefragmentPassBegin(VmaDefragmentationPassMoveInfo& moveInfo)
+{
+    if (m_PoolBlockVector != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_PoolBlockVector->GetMutex(), m_PoolBlockVector->GetAllocator()->m_UseMutex);
+
+        if (m_PoolBlockVector->GetBlockCount() > 1)
+            ComputeDefragmentation(*m_PoolBlockVector, 0);
+        else if (m_PoolBlockVector->GetBlockCount() == 1)
+            ReallocWithinBlock(*m_PoolBlockVector, m_PoolBlockVector->GetBlock(0));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_BlockVectorCount; ++i)
+        {
+            if (m_pBlockVectors[i] != VMA_NULL)
+            {
+                VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_pBlockVectors[i]->GetMutex(), m_pBlockVectors[i]->GetAllocator()->m_UseMutex);
+
+                if (m_pBlockVectors[i]->GetBlockCount() > 1)
+                {
+                    if (ComputeDefragmentation(*m_pBlockVectors[i], i))
+                        break;
+                }
+                else if (m_pBlockVectors[i]->GetBlockCount() == 1)
+                {
+                    if (ReallocWithinBlock(*m_pBlockVectors[i], m_pBlockVectors[i]->GetBlock(0)))
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    moveInfo.moveCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(m_Moves.size());
+    if (moveInfo.moveCount > 0)
+    {
+        moveInfo.pMoves = m_Moves.data();
+        return VK_INCOMPLETE;
+    }
+
+    moveInfo.pMoves = VMA_NULL;
+    return VK_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+VkResult VmaDefragmentationContext_T::DefragmentPassEnd(VmaDefragmentationPassMoveInfo& moveInfo)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(moveInfo.moveCount > 0 ? moveInfo.pMoves != VMA_NULL : true);
+
+    VkResult result = VK_SUCCESS;
+    VmaStlAllocator<FragmentedBlock> blockAllocator(m_MoveAllocator.m_pCallbacks);
+    VmaVector<FragmentedBlock, VmaStlAllocator<FragmentedBlock>> immovableBlocks(blockAllocator);
+    VmaVector<FragmentedBlock, VmaStlAllocator<FragmentedBlock>> mappedBlocks(blockAllocator);
+
+    VmaAllocator allocator = VMA_NULL;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < moveInfo.moveCount; ++i)
+    {
+        VmaDefragmentationMove& move = moveInfo.pMoves[i];
+        size_t prevCount = 0, currentCount = 0;
+        VkDeviceSize freedBlockSize = 0;
+
+        uint32_t vectorIndex;
+        VmaBlockVector* vector;
+        if (m_PoolBlockVector != VMA_NULL)
+        {
+            vectorIndex = 0;
+            vector = m_PoolBlockVector;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            vectorIndex = move.srcAllocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex();
+            vector = m_pBlockVectors[vectorIndex];
+            VMA_ASSERT(vector != VMA_NULL);
+        }
+        
+        switch (move.operation)
+        {
+        case VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_MOVE_OPERATION_COPY:
+        {
+            uint8_t mapCount = move.srcAllocation->SwapBlockAllocation(vector->m_hAllocator, move.dstTmpAllocation);
+            if (mapCount > 0)
+            {
+                allocator = vector->m_hAllocator;
+                VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* newMapBlock = move.srcAllocation->GetBlock();
+                bool notPresent = true;
+                for (FragmentedBlock& block : mappedBlocks)
+                {
+                    if (block.block == newMapBlock)
+                    {
+                        notPresent = false;
+                        block.data += mapCount;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (notPresent)
+                    mappedBlocks.push_back({ mapCount, newMapBlock });
+            }
+
+            // Scope for locks, Free have it's own lock
+            {
+                VmaMutexLockRead lock(vector->GetMutex(), vector->GetAllocator()->m_UseMutex);
+                prevCount = vector->GetBlockCount();
+                freedBlockSize = move.dstTmpAllocation->GetBlock()->m_pMetadata->GetSize();
+            }
+            vector->Free(move.dstTmpAllocation);
+            {
+                VmaMutexLockRead lock(vector->GetMutex(), vector->GetAllocator()->m_UseMutex);
+                currentCount = vector->GetBlockCount();
+            }
+
+            result = VK_INCOMPLETE;
+            break;
+        }
+        case VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_MOVE_OPERATION_IGNORE:
+        {
+            m_PassStats.bytesMoved -= move.srcAllocation->GetSize();
+            --m_PassStats.allocationsMoved;
+            vector->Free(move.dstTmpAllocation);
+
+            VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* newBlock = move.srcAllocation->GetBlock();
+            bool notPresent = true;
+            for (const FragmentedBlock& block : immovableBlocks)
+            {
+                if (block.block == newBlock)
+                {
+                    notPresent = false;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (notPresent)
+                immovableBlocks.push_back({ vectorIndex, newBlock });
+            break;
+        }
+        case VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_MOVE_OPERATION_DESTROY:
+        {
+            m_PassStats.bytesMoved -= move.srcAllocation->GetSize();
+            --m_PassStats.allocationsMoved;
+            // Scope for locks, Free have it's own lock
+            {
+                VmaMutexLockRead lock(vector->GetMutex(), vector->GetAllocator()->m_UseMutex);
+                prevCount = vector->GetBlockCount();
+                freedBlockSize = move.srcAllocation->GetBlock()->m_pMetadata->GetSize();
+            }
+            vector->Free(move.srcAllocation);
+            {
+                VmaMutexLockRead lock(vector->GetMutex(), vector->GetAllocator()->m_UseMutex);
+                currentCount = vector->GetBlockCount();
+            }
+            freedBlockSize *= prevCount - currentCount;
+
+            VkDeviceSize dstBlockSize;
+            {
+                VmaMutexLockRead lock(vector->GetMutex(), vector->GetAllocator()->m_UseMutex);
+                dstBlockSize = move.dstTmpAllocation->GetBlock()->m_pMetadata->GetSize();
+            }
+            vector->Free(move.dstTmpAllocation);
+            {
+                VmaMutexLockRead lock(vector->GetMutex(), vector->GetAllocator()->m_UseMutex);
+                freedBlockSize += dstBlockSize * (currentCount - vector->GetBlockCount());
+                currentCount = vector->GetBlockCount();
+            }
+
+            result = VK_INCOMPLETE;
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            VMA_ASSERT(0);
+        }
+
+        if (prevCount > currentCount)
+        {
+            size_t freedBlocks = prevCount - currentCount;
+            m_PassStats.deviceMemoryBlocksFreed += static_cast<uint32_t>(freedBlocks);
+            m_PassStats.bytesFreed += freedBlockSize;
+        }
+
+        switch (m_Algorithm)
+        {
+        case VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_EXTENSIVE_BIT:
+        {
+            if (m_AlgorithmState != VMA_NULL)
+            {
+                // Avoid unnecessary tries to allocate when new free block is avaiable
+                StateExtensive& state = reinterpret_cast<StateExtensive*>(m_AlgorithmState)[vectorIndex];
+                if (state.firstFreeBlock != SIZE_MAX)
+                {
+                    const size_t diff = prevCount - currentCount;
+                    if (state.firstFreeBlock >= diff)
+                    {
+                        state.firstFreeBlock -= diff;
+                        if (state.firstFreeBlock != 0)
+                            state.firstFreeBlock -= vector->GetBlock(state.firstFreeBlock - 1)->m_pMetadata->IsEmpty();
+                    }
+                    else
+                        state.firstFreeBlock = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        }
+    }
+    moveInfo.moveCount = 0;
+    moveInfo.pMoves = VMA_NULL;
+    m_Moves.clear();
+
+    // Update stats
+    m_GlobalStats.allocationsMoved += m_PassStats.allocationsMoved;
+    m_GlobalStats.bytesFreed += m_PassStats.bytesFreed;
+    m_GlobalStats.bytesMoved += m_PassStats.bytesMoved;
+    m_GlobalStats.deviceMemoryBlocksFreed += m_PassStats.deviceMemoryBlocksFreed;
+    m_PassStats = { 0 };
+
+    // Move blocks with immovable allocations according to algorithm
+    if (immovableBlocks.size() > 0)
+    {
+        switch (m_Algorithm)
+        {
+        case VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_EXTENSIVE_BIT:
+        {
+            if (m_AlgorithmState != VMA_NULL)
+            {
+                bool swapped = false;
+                // Move to the start of free blocks range
+                for (const FragmentedBlock& block : immovableBlocks)
+                {
+                    StateExtensive& state = reinterpret_cast<StateExtensive*>(m_AlgorithmState)[block.data];
+                    if (state.operation != StateExtensive::Operation::Cleanup)
+                    {
+                        VmaBlockVector* vector = m_pBlockVectors[block.data];
+                        VmaMutexLockWrite lock(vector->GetMutex(), vector->GetAllocator()->m_UseMutex);
+
+                        for (size_t i = 0, count = vector->GetBlockCount() - m_ImmovableBlockCount; i < count; ++i)
+                        {
+                            if (vector->GetBlock(i) == block.block)
+                            {
+                                VMA_SWAP(vector->m_Blocks[i], vector->m_Blocks[vector->GetBlockCount() - ++m_ImmovableBlockCount]);
+                                if (state.firstFreeBlock != SIZE_MAX)
+                                {
+                                    if (i + 1 < state.firstFreeBlock)
+                                    {
+                                        if (state.firstFreeBlock > 1)
+                                            VMA_SWAP(vector->m_Blocks[i], vector->m_Blocks[--state.firstFreeBlock]);
+                                        else
+                                            --state.firstFreeBlock;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                swapped = true;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (swapped)
+                    result = VK_INCOMPLETE;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        default:
+        {
+            // Move to the begining
+            for (const FragmentedBlock& block : immovableBlocks)
+            {
+                VmaBlockVector* vector = m_pBlockVectors[block.data];
+                VmaMutexLockWrite lock(vector->GetMutex(), vector->GetAllocator()->m_UseMutex);
+
+                for (size_t i = m_ImmovableBlockCount; i < vector->GetBlockCount(); ++i)
+                {
+                    if (vector->GetBlock(i) == block.block)
+                    {
+                        VMA_SWAP(vector->m_Blocks[i], vector->m_Blocks[m_ImmovableBlockCount++]);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Bulk-map destination blocks
+    for (const FragmentedBlock& block : mappedBlocks)
+    {
+        VkResult res = block.block->Map(allocator, block.data, VMA_NULL);
+        VMA_ASSERT(res == VK_SUCCESS);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+bool VmaDefragmentationContext_T::ComputeDefragmentation(VmaBlockVector& vector, size_t index)
+{
+    switch (m_Algorithm)
+    {
+    case VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_FAST_BIT:
+        return ComputeDefragmentation_Fast(vector);
+    default:
+        VMA_ASSERT(0);
+    case VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_BALANCED_BIT:
+        return ComputeDefragmentation_Balanced(vector, index, true);
+    case VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_FULL_BIT:
+        return ComputeDefragmentation_Full(vector);
+    case VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_EXTENSIVE_BIT:
+        return ComputeDefragmentation_Extensive(vector, index);
+    }
+}
+
+VmaDefragmentationContext_T::MoveAllocationData VmaDefragmentationContext_T::GetMoveData(
+    VmaAllocHandle handle, VmaBlockMetadata* metadata)
+{
+    MoveAllocationData moveData;
+    moveData.move.srcAllocation = (VmaAllocation)metadata->GetAllocationUserData(handle);
+    moveData.size = moveData.move.srcAllocation->GetSize();
+    moveData.alignment = moveData.move.srcAllocation->GetAlignment();
+    moveData.type = moveData.move.srcAllocation->GetSuballocationType();
+    moveData.flags = 0;
+
+    if (moveData.move.srcAllocation->IsPersistentMap())
+        moveData.flags |= VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;
+    if (moveData.move.srcAllocation->IsMappingAllowed())
+        moveData.flags |= VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT | VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT;
+
+    return moveData;
+}
+
+VmaDefragmentationContext_T::CounterStatus VmaDefragmentationContext_T::CheckCounters(VkDeviceSize bytes)
+{
+    // Ignore allocation if will exceed max size for copy
+    if (m_PassStats.bytesMoved + bytes > m_MaxPassBytes)
+    {
+        if (++m_IgnoredAllocs < MAX_ALLOCS_TO_IGNORE)
+            return CounterStatus::Ignore;
+        else
+            return CounterStatus::End;
+    }
+    return CounterStatus::Pass;
+}
+
+bool VmaDefragmentationContext_T::IncrementCounters(VkDeviceSize bytes)
+{
+    m_PassStats.bytesMoved += bytes;
+    // Early return when max found
+    if (++m_PassStats.allocationsMoved >= m_MaxPassAllocations || m_PassStats.bytesMoved >= m_MaxPassBytes)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(m_PassStats.allocationsMoved == m_MaxPassAllocations ||
+            m_PassStats.bytesMoved == m_MaxPassBytes && "Exceeded maximal pass threshold!");
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool VmaDefragmentationContext_T::ReallocWithinBlock(VmaBlockVector& vector, VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* block)
+{
+    VmaBlockMetadata* metadata = block->m_pMetadata;
+
+    for (VmaAllocHandle handle = metadata->GetAllocationListBegin();
+        handle != VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        handle = metadata->GetNextAllocation(handle))
+    {
+        MoveAllocationData moveData = GetMoveData(handle, metadata);
+        // Ignore newly created allocations by defragmentation algorithm
+        if (moveData.move.srcAllocation->GetUserData() == this)
+            continue;
+        switch (CheckCounters(moveData.move.srcAllocation->GetSize()))
+        {
+        case CounterStatus::Ignore:
+            continue;
+        case CounterStatus::End:
+            return true;
+        default:
+            VMA_ASSERT(0);
+        case CounterStatus::Pass:
+            break;
+        }
+        
+        VkDeviceSize offset = moveData.move.srcAllocation->GetOffset();
+        if (offset != 0 && metadata->GetSumFreeSize() >= moveData.size)
+        {
+            VmaAllocationRequest request = {};
+            if (metadata->CreateAllocationRequest(
+                moveData.size,
+                moveData.alignment,
+                false,
+                moveData.type,
+                VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_OFFSET_BIT,
+                &request))
+            {
+                if (metadata->GetAllocationOffset(request.allocHandle) < offset)
+                {
+                    if (vector.CommitAllocationRequest(
+                        request,
+                        block,
+                        moveData.alignment,
+                        moveData.flags,
+                        this,
+                        moveData.type,
+                        &moveData.move.dstTmpAllocation) == VK_SUCCESS)
+                    {
+                        m_Moves.push_back(moveData.move);
+                        if (IncrementCounters(moveData.size))
+                            return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool VmaDefragmentationContext_T::AllocInOtherBlock(size_t start, size_t end, MoveAllocationData& data, VmaBlockVector& vector)
+{
+    for (; start < end; ++start)
+    {
+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* dstBlock = vector.GetBlock(start);
+        if (dstBlock->m_pMetadata->GetSumFreeSize() >= data.size)
+        {
+            if (vector.AllocateFromBlock(dstBlock,
+                data.size,
+                data.alignment,
+                data.flags,
+                this,
+                data.type,
+                0,
+                &data.move.dstTmpAllocation) == VK_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                m_Moves.push_back(data.move);
+                if (IncrementCounters(data.size))
+                    return true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool VmaDefragmentationContext_T::ComputeDefragmentation_Fast(VmaBlockVector& vector)
+{
+    // Move only between blocks
+
+    // Go through allocations in last blocks and try to fit them inside first ones
+    for (size_t i = vector.GetBlockCount() - 1; i > m_ImmovableBlockCount; --i)
+    {
+        VmaBlockMetadata* metadata = vector.GetBlock(i)->m_pMetadata;
+
+        for (VmaAllocHandle handle = metadata->GetAllocationListBegin();
+            handle != VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            handle = metadata->GetNextAllocation(handle))
+        {
+            MoveAllocationData moveData = GetMoveData(handle, metadata);
+            // Ignore newly created allocations by defragmentation algorithm
+            if (moveData.move.srcAllocation->GetUserData() == this)
+                continue;
+            switch (CheckCounters(moveData.move.srcAllocation->GetSize()))
+            {
+            case CounterStatus::Ignore:
+                continue;
+            case CounterStatus::End:
+                return true;
+            default:
+                VMA_ASSERT(0);
+            case CounterStatus::Pass:
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Check all previous blocks for free space
+            if (AllocInOtherBlock(0, i, moveData, vector))
+                return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool VmaDefragmentationContext_T::ComputeDefragmentation_Balanced(VmaBlockVector& vector, size_t index, bool update)
+{
+    // Go over every allocation and try to fit it in previous blocks at lowest offsets,
+    // if not possible: realloc within single block to minimize offset (exclude offset == 0),
+    // but only if there are noticable gaps between them (some heuristic, ex. average size of allocation in block)
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_AlgorithmState != VMA_NULL);
+
+    StateBalanced& vectorState = reinterpret_cast<StateBalanced*>(m_AlgorithmState)[index];
+    if (update && vectorState.avgAllocSize == UINT64_MAX)
+        UpdateVectorStatistics(vector, vectorState);
+
+    const size_t startMoveCount = m_Moves.size();
+    VkDeviceSize minimalFreeRegion = vectorState.avgFreeSize / 2;
+    for (size_t i = vector.GetBlockCount() - 1; i > m_ImmovableBlockCount; --i)
+    {
+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* block = vector.GetBlock(i);
+        VmaBlockMetadata* metadata = block->m_pMetadata;
+        VkDeviceSize prevFreeRegionSize = 0;
+
+        for (VmaAllocHandle handle = metadata->GetAllocationListBegin();
+            handle != VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            handle = metadata->GetNextAllocation(handle))
+        {
+            MoveAllocationData moveData = GetMoveData(handle, metadata);
+            // Ignore newly created allocations by defragmentation algorithm
+            if (moveData.move.srcAllocation->GetUserData() == this)
+                continue;
+            switch (CheckCounters(moveData.move.srcAllocation->GetSize()))
+            {
+            case CounterStatus::Ignore:
+                continue;
+            case CounterStatus::End:
+                return true;
+            default:
+                VMA_ASSERT(0);
+            case CounterStatus::Pass:
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Check all previous blocks for free space
+            const size_t prevMoveCount = m_Moves.size();
+            if (AllocInOtherBlock(0, i, moveData, vector))
+                return true;
+
+            VkDeviceSize nextFreeRegionSize = metadata->GetNextFreeRegionSize(handle);
+            // If no room found then realloc within block for lower offset
+            VkDeviceSize offset = moveData.move.srcAllocation->GetOffset();
+            if (prevMoveCount == m_Moves.size() && offset != 0 && metadata->GetSumFreeSize() >= moveData.size)
+            {
+                // Check if realloc will make sense
+                if (prevFreeRegionSize >= minimalFreeRegion ||
+                    nextFreeRegionSize >= minimalFreeRegion ||
+                    moveData.size <= vectorState.avgFreeSize ||
+                    moveData.size <= vectorState.avgAllocSize)
+                {
+                    VmaAllocationRequest request = {};
+                    if (metadata->CreateAllocationRequest(
+                        moveData.size,
+                        moveData.alignment,
+                        false,
+                        moveData.type,
+                        VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_OFFSET_BIT,
+                        &request))
+                    {
+                        if (metadata->GetAllocationOffset(request.allocHandle) < offset)
+                        {
+                            if (vector.CommitAllocationRequest(
+                                request,
+                                block,
+                                moveData.alignment,
+                                moveData.flags,
+                                this,
+                                moveData.type,
+                                &moveData.move.dstTmpAllocation) == VK_SUCCESS)
+                            {
+                                m_Moves.push_back(moveData.move);
+                                if (IncrementCounters(moveData.size))
+                                    return true;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            prevFreeRegionSize = nextFreeRegionSize;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    // No moves perfomed, update statistics to current vector state
+    if (startMoveCount == m_Moves.size() && !update)
+    {
+        vectorState.avgAllocSize = UINT64_MAX;
+        return ComputeDefragmentation_Balanced(vector, index, false);
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool VmaDefragmentationContext_T::ComputeDefragmentation_Full(VmaBlockVector& vector)
+{
+    // Go over every allocation and try to fit it in previous blocks at lowest offsets,
+    // if not possible: realloc within single block to minimize offset (exclude offset == 0)
+
+    for (size_t i = vector.GetBlockCount() - 1; i > m_ImmovableBlockCount; --i)
+    {
+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* block = vector.GetBlock(i);
+        VmaBlockMetadata* metadata = block->m_pMetadata;
+
+        for (VmaAllocHandle handle = metadata->GetAllocationListBegin();
+            handle != VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            handle = metadata->GetNextAllocation(handle))
+        {
+            MoveAllocationData moveData = GetMoveData(handle, metadata);
+            // Ignore newly created allocations by defragmentation algorithm
+            if (moveData.move.srcAllocation->GetUserData() == this)
+                continue;
+            switch (CheckCounters(moveData.move.srcAllocation->GetSize()))
+            {
+            case CounterStatus::Ignore:
+                continue;
+            case CounterStatus::End:
+                return true;
+            default:
+                VMA_ASSERT(0);
+            case CounterStatus::Pass:
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Check all previous blocks for free space
+            const size_t prevMoveCount = m_Moves.size();
+            if (AllocInOtherBlock(0, i, moveData, vector))
+                return true;
+
+            // If no room found then realloc within block for lower offset
+            VkDeviceSize offset = moveData.move.srcAllocation->GetOffset();
+            if (prevMoveCount == m_Moves.size() && offset != 0 && metadata->GetSumFreeSize() >= moveData.size)
+            {
+                VmaAllocationRequest request = {};
+                if (metadata->CreateAllocationRequest(
+                    moveData.size,
+                    moveData.alignment,
+                    false,
+                    moveData.type,
+                    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_OFFSET_BIT,
+                    &request))
+                {
+                    if (metadata->GetAllocationOffset(request.allocHandle) < offset)
+                    {
+                        if (vector.CommitAllocationRequest(
+                            request,
+                            block,
+                            moveData.alignment,
+                            moveData.flags,
+                            this,
+                            moveData.type,
+                            &moveData.move.dstTmpAllocation) == VK_SUCCESS)
+                        {
+                            m_Moves.push_back(moveData.move);
+                            if (IncrementCounters(moveData.size))
+                                return true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool VmaDefragmentationContext_T::ComputeDefragmentation_Extensive(VmaBlockVector& vector, size_t index)
+{
+    // First free single block, then populate it to the brim, then free another block, and so on
+
+    // Fallback to previous algorithm since without granularity conflicts it can achieve max packing
+    if (vector.m_BufferImageGranularity == 1)
+        return ComputeDefragmentation_Full(vector);
+
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_AlgorithmState != VMA_NULL);
+
+    StateExtensive& vectorState = reinterpret_cast<StateExtensive*>(m_AlgorithmState)[index];
+
+    bool texturePresent = false, bufferPresent = false, otherPresent = false;
+    switch (vectorState.operation)
+    {
+    case StateExtensive::Operation::Done: // Vector defragmented
+        return false;
+    case StateExtensive::Operation::FindFreeBlockBuffer:
+    case StateExtensive::Operation::FindFreeBlockTexture:
+    case StateExtensive::Operation::FindFreeBlockAll:
+    {
+        // No more blocks to free, just perform fast realloc and move to cleanup
+        if (vectorState.firstFreeBlock == 0)
+        {
+            vectorState.operation = StateExtensive::Operation::Cleanup;
+            return ComputeDefragmentation_Fast(vector);
+        }
+
+        // No free blocks, have to clear last one
+        size_t last = (vectorState.firstFreeBlock == SIZE_MAX ? vector.GetBlockCount() : vectorState.firstFreeBlock) - 1;
+        VmaBlockMetadata* freeMetadata = vector.GetBlock(last)->m_pMetadata;
+
+        const size_t prevMoveCount = m_Moves.size();
+        for (VmaAllocHandle handle = freeMetadata->GetAllocationListBegin();
+            handle != VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            handle = freeMetadata->GetNextAllocation(handle))
+        {
+            MoveAllocationData moveData = GetMoveData(handle, freeMetadata);
+            switch (CheckCounters(moveData.move.srcAllocation->GetSize()))
+            {
+            case CounterStatus::Ignore:
+                continue;
+            case CounterStatus::End:
+                return true;
+            default:
+                VMA_ASSERT(0);
+            case CounterStatus::Pass:
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Check all previous blocks for free space
+            if (AllocInOtherBlock(0, last, moveData, vector))
+            {
+                // Full clear performed already
+                if (prevMoveCount != m_Moves.size() && freeMetadata->GetNextAllocation(handle) == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+                    reinterpret_cast<size_t*>(m_AlgorithmState)[index] = last;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (prevMoveCount == m_Moves.size())
+        {
+            // Cannot perform full clear, have to move data in other blocks around
+            if (last != 0)
+            {
+                for (size_t i = last - 1; i; --i)
+                {
+                    if (ReallocWithinBlock(vector, vector.GetBlock(i)))
+                        return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (prevMoveCount == m_Moves.size())
+            {
+                // No possible reallocs within blocks, try to move them around fast
+                return ComputeDefragmentation_Fast(vector);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            switch (vectorState.operation)
+            {
+            case StateExtensive::Operation::FindFreeBlockBuffer:
+                vectorState.operation = StateExtensive::Operation::MoveBuffers;
+                break;
+            default:
+                VMA_ASSERT(0);
+            case StateExtensive::Operation::FindFreeBlockTexture:
+                vectorState.operation = StateExtensive::Operation::MoveTextures;
+                break;
+            case StateExtensive::Operation::FindFreeBlockAll:
+                vectorState.operation = StateExtensive::Operation::MoveAll;
+                break;
+            }
+            vectorState.firstFreeBlock = last;
+            // Nothing done, block found without reallocations, can perform another reallocs in same pass
+            return ComputeDefragmentation_Extensive(vector, index);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case StateExtensive::Operation::MoveTextures:
+    {
+        if (MoveDataToFreeBlocks(VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL, vector,
+            vectorState.firstFreeBlock, texturePresent, bufferPresent, otherPresent))
+        {
+            if (texturePresent)
+            {
+                vectorState.operation = StateExtensive::Operation::FindFreeBlockTexture;
+                return ComputeDefragmentation_Extensive(vector, index);
+            }
+
+            if (!bufferPresent && !otherPresent)
+            {
+                vectorState.operation = StateExtensive::Operation::Cleanup;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // No more textures to move, check buffers
+            vectorState.operation = StateExtensive::Operation::MoveBuffers;
+            bufferPresent = false;
+            otherPresent = false;
+        }
+        else
+            break;
+    }
+    case StateExtensive::Operation::MoveBuffers:
+    {
+        if (MoveDataToFreeBlocks(VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_BUFFER, vector,
+            vectorState.firstFreeBlock, texturePresent, bufferPresent, otherPresent))
+        {
+            if (bufferPresent)
+            {
+                vectorState.operation = StateExtensive::Operation::FindFreeBlockBuffer;
+                return ComputeDefragmentation_Extensive(vector, index);
+            }
+
+            if (!otherPresent)
+            {
+                vectorState.operation = StateExtensive::Operation::Cleanup;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // No more buffers to move, check all others
+            vectorState.operation = StateExtensive::Operation::MoveAll;
+            otherPresent = false;
+        }
+        else
+            break;
+    }
+    case StateExtensive::Operation::MoveAll:
+    {
+        if (MoveDataToFreeBlocks(VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE, vector,
+            vectorState.firstFreeBlock, texturePresent, bufferPresent, otherPresent))
+        {
+            if (otherPresent)
+            {
+                vectorState.operation = StateExtensive::Operation::FindFreeBlockBuffer;
+                return ComputeDefragmentation_Extensive(vector, index);
+            }
+            // Everything moved
+            vectorState.operation = StateExtensive::Operation::Cleanup;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case StateExtensive::Operation::Cleanup:
+        // Cleanup is handled below so that other operations may reuse the cleanup code. This case is here to prevent the unhandled enum value warning (C4062).
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (vectorState.operation == StateExtensive::Operation::Cleanup)
+    {
+        // All other work done, pack data in blocks even tighter if possible
+        const size_t prevMoveCount = m_Moves.size();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < vector.GetBlockCount(); ++i)
+        {
+            if (ReallocWithinBlock(vector, vector.GetBlock(i)))
+                return true;
+        }
+
+        if (prevMoveCount == m_Moves.size())
+            vectorState.operation = StateExtensive::Operation::Done;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+void VmaDefragmentationContext_T::UpdateVectorStatistics(VmaBlockVector& vector, StateBalanced& state)
+{
+    size_t allocCount = 0;
+    size_t freeCount = 0;
+    state.avgFreeSize = 0;
+    state.avgAllocSize = 0;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < vector.GetBlockCount(); ++i)
+    {
+        VmaBlockMetadata* metadata = vector.GetBlock(i)->m_pMetadata;
+
+        allocCount += metadata->GetAllocationCount();
+        freeCount += metadata->GetFreeRegionsCount();
+        state.avgFreeSize += metadata->GetSumFreeSize();
+        state.avgAllocSize += metadata->GetSize();
+    }
+
+    state.avgAllocSize = (state.avgAllocSize - state.avgFreeSize) / allocCount;
+    state.avgFreeSize /= freeCount;
+}
+
+bool VmaDefragmentationContext_T::MoveDataToFreeBlocks(VmaSuballocationType currentType, 
+    VmaBlockVector& vector, size_t firstFreeBlock,
+    bool& texturePresent, bool& bufferPresent, bool& otherPresent)
+{
+    const size_t prevMoveCount = m_Moves.size();
+    for (size_t i = firstFreeBlock ; i;)
+    {
+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* block = vector.GetBlock(--i);
+        VmaBlockMetadata* metadata = block->m_pMetadata;
+
+        for (VmaAllocHandle handle = metadata->GetAllocationListBegin();
+            handle != VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            handle = metadata->GetNextAllocation(handle))
+        {
+            MoveAllocationData moveData = GetMoveData(handle, metadata);
+            // Ignore newly created allocations by defragmentation algorithm
+            if (moveData.move.srcAllocation->GetUserData() == this)
+                continue;
+            switch (CheckCounters(moveData.move.srcAllocation->GetSize()))
+            {
+            case CounterStatus::Ignore:
+                continue;
+            case CounterStatus::End:
+                return true;
+            default:
+                VMA_ASSERT(0);
+            case CounterStatus::Pass:
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Move only single type of resources at once
+            if (!VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(moveData.type, currentType))
+            {
+                // Try to fit allocation into free blocks
+                if (AllocInOtherBlock(firstFreeBlock, vector.GetBlockCount(), moveData, vector))
+                    return false;
+            }
+
+            if (!VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(moveData.type, VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL))
+                texturePresent = true;
+            else if (!VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(moveData.type, VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_BUFFER))
+                bufferPresent = true;
+            else
+                otherPresent = true;
+        }
+    }
+    return prevMoveCount == m_Moves.size();
+}
+#endif // _VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_CONTEXT_FUNCTIONS
+
+#ifndef _VMA_POOL_T_FUNCTIONS
+VmaPool_T::VmaPool_T(
+    VmaAllocator hAllocator,
+    const VmaPoolCreateInfo& createInfo,
+    VkDeviceSize preferredBlockSize)
+    : m_BlockVector(
+        hAllocator,
+        this, // hParentPool
+        createInfo.memoryTypeIndex,
+        createInfo.blockSize != 0 ? createInfo.blockSize : preferredBlockSize,
+        createInfo.minBlockCount,
+        createInfo.maxBlockCount,
+        (createInfo.flags& VMA_POOL_CREATE_IGNORE_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY_BIT) != 0 ? 1 : hAllocator->GetBufferImageGranularity(),
+        createInfo.blockSize != 0, // explicitBlockSize
+        createInfo.flags & VMA_POOL_CREATE_ALGORITHM_MASK, // algorithm
+        createInfo.priority,
+        VMA_MAX(hAllocator->GetMemoryTypeMinAlignment(createInfo.memoryTypeIndex), createInfo.minAllocationAlignment),
+        createInfo.pMemoryAllocateNext),
+    m_Id(0),
+    m_Name(VMA_NULL) {}
+
+VmaPool_T::~VmaPool_T()
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_PrevPool == VMA_NULL && m_NextPool == VMA_NULL);
+}
+
+void VmaPool_T::SetName(const char* pName)
+{
+    const VkAllocationCallbacks* allocs = m_BlockVector.GetAllocator()->GetAllocationCallbacks();
+    VmaFreeString(allocs, m_Name);
+
+    if (pName != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        m_Name = VmaCreateStringCopy(allocs, pName);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        m_Name = VMA_NULL;
+    }
+}
+#endif // _VMA_POOL_T_FUNCTIONS
+
+#ifndef _VMA_ALLOCATOR_T_FUNCTIONS
+VmaAllocator_T::VmaAllocator_T(const VmaAllocatorCreateInfo* pCreateInfo) :
+    m_UseMutex((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT) == 0),
+    m_VulkanApiVersion(pCreateInfo->vulkanApiVersion != 0 ? pCreateInfo->vulkanApiVersion : VK_API_VERSION_1_0),
+    m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT) != 0),
+    m_UseKhrBindMemory2((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_BIND_MEMORY2_BIT) != 0),
+    m_UseExtMemoryBudget((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_BUDGET_BIT) != 0),
+    m_UseAmdDeviceCoherentMemory((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_AMD_DEVICE_COHERENT_MEMORY_BIT) != 0),
+    m_UseKhrBufferDeviceAddress((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT) != 0),
+    m_UseExtMemoryPriority((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_PRIORITY_BIT) != 0),
+    m_hDevice(pCreateInfo->device),
+    m_hInstance(pCreateInfo->instance),
+    m_AllocationCallbacksSpecified(pCreateInfo->pAllocationCallbacks != VMA_NULL),
+    m_AllocationCallbacks(pCreateInfo->pAllocationCallbacks ?
+        *pCreateInfo->pAllocationCallbacks : VmaEmptyAllocationCallbacks),
+    m_AllocationObjectAllocator(&m_AllocationCallbacks),
+    m_HeapSizeLimitMask(0),
+    m_DeviceMemoryCount(0),
+    m_PreferredLargeHeapBlockSize(0),
+    m_PhysicalDevice(pCreateInfo->physicalDevice),
+    m_GpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits(UINT32_MAX),
+    m_NextPoolId(0),
+    m_GlobalMemoryTypeBits(UINT32_MAX)
+{
+    if(m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0))
+    {
+        m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation = false;
+        m_UseKhrBindMemory2 = false;
+    }
+
+    if(VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION)
+    {
+        // Needs to be multiply of uint32_t size because we are going to write VMA_CORRUPTION_DETECTION_MAGIC_VALUE to it.
+        VMA_ASSERT(VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN % sizeof(uint32_t) == 0);
+    }
+
+    VMA_ASSERT(pCreateInfo->physicalDevice && pCreateInfo->device && pCreateInfo->instance);
+
+    if(m_VulkanApiVersion < VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0))
+    {
+#if !(VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION)
+        if((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT) != 0)
+        {
+            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT set but required extensions are disabled by preprocessor macros.");
+        }
+#endif
+#if !(VMA_BIND_MEMORY2)
+        if((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_BIND_MEMORY2_BIT) != 0)
+        {
+            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_BIND_MEMORY2_BIT set but required extension is disabled by preprocessor macros.");
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+#if !(VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET)
+    if((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_BUDGET_BIT) != 0)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_BUDGET_BIT set but required extension is disabled by preprocessor macros.");
+    }
+#endif
+#if !(VMA_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS)
+    if(m_UseKhrBufferDeviceAddress)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT is set but required extension or Vulkan 1.2 is not available in your Vulkan header or its support in VMA has been disabled by a preprocessor macro.");
+    }
+#endif
+#if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION < 1002000
+    if(m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 2, 0))
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "vulkanApiVersion >= VK_API_VERSION_1_2 but required Vulkan version is disabled by preprocessor macros.");
+    }
+#endif
+#if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION < 1001000
+    if(m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0))
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "vulkanApiVersion >= VK_API_VERSION_1_1 but required Vulkan version is disabled by preprocessor macros.");
+    }
+#endif
+#if !(VMA_MEMORY_PRIORITY)
+    if(m_UseExtMemoryPriority)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_PRIORITY_BIT is set but required extension is not available in your Vulkan header or its support in VMA has been disabled by a preprocessor macro.");
+    }
+#endif
+
+    memset(&m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks, 0 ,sizeof(m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks));
+    memset(&m_PhysicalDeviceProperties, 0, sizeof(m_PhysicalDeviceProperties));
+    memset(&m_MemProps, 0, sizeof(m_MemProps));
+
+    memset(&m_pBlockVectors, 0, sizeof(m_pBlockVectors));
+    memset(&m_VulkanFunctions, 0, sizeof(m_VulkanFunctions));
+
+#if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
+    memset(&m_TypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes, 0, sizeof(m_TypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes));
+#endif // #if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
+
+    if(pCreateInfo->pDeviceMemoryCallbacks != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pUserData = pCreateInfo->pDeviceMemoryCallbacks->pUserData;
+        m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pfnAllocate = pCreateInfo->pDeviceMemoryCallbacks->pfnAllocate;
+        m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pfnFree = pCreateInfo->pDeviceMemoryCallbacks->pfnFree;
+    }
+
+    ImportVulkanFunctions(pCreateInfo->pVulkanFunctions);
+
+    (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties)(m_PhysicalDevice, &m_PhysicalDeviceProperties);
+    (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties)(m_PhysicalDevice, &m_MemProps);
+
+    VMA_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(VMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT));
+    VMA_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(VMA_DEBUG_MIN_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY));
+    VMA_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.bufferImageGranularity));
+    VMA_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.nonCoherentAtomSize));
+
+    m_PreferredLargeHeapBlockSize = (pCreateInfo->preferredLargeHeapBlockSize != 0) ?
+        pCreateInfo->preferredLargeHeapBlockSize : static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(VMA_DEFAULT_LARGE_HEAP_BLOCK_SIZE);
+
+    m_GlobalMemoryTypeBits = CalculateGlobalMemoryTypeBits();
+
+#if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
+    if(pCreateInfo->pTypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        memcpy(m_TypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes, pCreateInfo->pTypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes,
+            sizeof(VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagsKHR) * GetMemoryTypeCount());
+    }
+#endif // #if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
+
+    if(pCreateInfo->pHeapSizeLimit != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        for(uint32_t heapIndex = 0; heapIndex < GetMemoryHeapCount(); ++heapIndex)
+        {
+            const VkDeviceSize limit = pCreateInfo->pHeapSizeLimit[heapIndex];
+            if(limit != VK_WHOLE_SIZE)
+            {
+                m_HeapSizeLimitMask |= 1u << heapIndex;
+                if(limit < m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size)
+                {
+                    m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size = limit;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)
+    {
+        // Create only supported types
+        if((m_GlobalMemoryTypeBits & (1u << memTypeIndex)) != 0)
+        {
+            const VkDeviceSize preferredBlockSize = CalcPreferredBlockSize(memTypeIndex);
+            m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex] = vma_new(this, VmaBlockVector)(
+                this,
+                VK_NULL_HANDLE, // hParentPool
+                memTypeIndex,
+                preferredBlockSize,
+                0,
+                SIZE_MAX,
+                GetBufferImageGranularity(),
+                false, // explicitBlockSize
+                0, // algorithm
+                0.5f, // priority (0.5 is the default per Vulkan spec)
+                GetMemoryTypeMinAlignment(memTypeIndex), // minAllocationAlignment
+                VMA_NULL); // // pMemoryAllocateNext
+            // No need to call m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex][blockVectorTypeIndex]->CreateMinBlocks here,
+            // becase minBlockCount is 0.
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::Init(const VmaAllocatorCreateInfo* pCreateInfo)
+{
+    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
+
+#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
+    if(m_UseExtMemoryBudget)
+    {
+        UpdateVulkanBudget();
+    }
+#endif // #if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+VmaAllocator_T::~VmaAllocator_T()
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_Pools.IsEmpty());
+
+    for(size_t memTypeIndex = GetMemoryTypeCount(); memTypeIndex--; )
+    {
+        vma_delete(this, m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex]);
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaAllocator_T::ImportVulkanFunctions(const VmaVulkanFunctions* pVulkanFunctions)
+{
+#if VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS == 1
+    ImportVulkanFunctions_Static();
+#endif
+
+    if(pVulkanFunctions != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        ImportVulkanFunctions_Custom(pVulkanFunctions);
+    }
+
+#if VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS == 1
+    ImportVulkanFunctions_Dynamic();
+#endif
+
+    ValidateVulkanFunctions();
+}
+
+#if VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS == 1
+
+void VmaAllocator_T::ImportVulkanFunctions_Static()
+{
+    // Vulkan 1.0
+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetInstanceProcAddr = (PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr)vkGetInstanceProcAddr;
+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetDeviceProcAddr = (PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr)vkGetDeviceProcAddr;
+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties = (PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties)vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties;
+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties = (PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties)vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties;
+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkAllocateMemory = (PFN_vkAllocateMemory)vkAllocateMemory;
+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkFreeMemory = (PFN_vkFreeMemory)vkFreeMemory;
+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkMapMemory = (PFN_vkMapMemory)vkMapMemory;
+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkUnmapMemory = (PFN_vkUnmapMemory)vkUnmapMemory;
+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges = (PFN_vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges)vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges;
+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges = (PFN_vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges)vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges;
+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory = (PFN_vkBindBufferMemory)vkBindBufferMemory;
+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory = (PFN_vkBindImageMemory)vkBindImageMemory;
+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements = (PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements)vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements;
+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements = (PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements)vkGetImageMemoryRequirements;
+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkCreateBuffer = (PFN_vkCreateBuffer)vkCreateBuffer;
+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkDestroyBuffer = (PFN_vkDestroyBuffer)vkDestroyBuffer;
+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkCreateImage = (PFN_vkCreateImage)vkCreateImage;
+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkDestroyImage = (PFN_vkDestroyImage)vkDestroyImage;
+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkCmdCopyBuffer = (PFN_vkCmdCopyBuffer)vkCmdCopyBuffer;
+
+    // Vulkan 1.1
+#if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+    if(m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0))
+    {
+        m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR = (PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2)vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2;
+        m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR = (PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2)vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2;
+        m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory2KHR = (PFN_vkBindBufferMemory2)vkBindBufferMemory2;
+        m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory2KHR = (PFN_vkBindImageMemory2)vkBindImageMemory2;
+        m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR = (PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2)vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2;
+    }
+#endif
+
+#if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1003000
+    if(m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 3, 0))
+    {
+        m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements = (PFN_vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements)vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements;
+        m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements = (PFN_vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements)vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements;
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+#endif // VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS == 1
+
+void VmaAllocator_T::ImportVulkanFunctions_Custom(const VmaVulkanFunctions* pVulkanFunctions)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(pVulkanFunctions != VMA_NULL);
+
+#define VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(funcName) \
+    if(pVulkanFunctions->funcName != VMA_NULL) m_VulkanFunctions.funcName = pVulkanFunctions->funcName;
+
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetInstanceProcAddr);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetDeviceProcAddr);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkAllocateMemory);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkFreeMemory);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkMapMemory);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkUnmapMemory);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkBindBufferMemory);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkBindImageMemory);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetImageMemoryRequirements);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkCreateBuffer);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkDestroyBuffer);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkCreateImage);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkDestroyImage);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkCmdCopyBuffer);
+
+#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR);
+#endif
+
+#if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2 || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkBindBufferMemory2KHR);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkBindImageMemory2KHR);
+#endif
+
+#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR);
+#endif
+
+#if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1003000
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements);
+    VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements);
+#endif
+
+#undef VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL
+}
+
+#if VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS == 1
+
+void VmaAllocator_T::ImportVulkanFunctions_Dynamic()
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetInstanceProcAddr && m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetDeviceProcAddr &&
+        "To use VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS in new versions of VMA you now have to pass "
+        "VmaVulkanFunctions::vkGetInstanceProcAddr and vkGetDeviceProcAddr as VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pVulkanFunctions. "
+        "Other members can be null.");
+
+#define VMA_FETCH_INSTANCE_FUNC(memberName, functionPointerType, functionNameString) \
+    if(m_VulkanFunctions.memberName == VMA_NULL) \
+        m_VulkanFunctions.memberName = \
+            (functionPointerType)m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetInstanceProcAddr(m_hInstance, functionNameString);
+#define VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(memberName, functionPointerType, functionNameString) \
+    if(m_VulkanFunctions.memberName == VMA_NULL) \
+        m_VulkanFunctions.memberName = \
+            (functionPointerType)m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetDeviceProcAddr(m_hDevice, functionNameString);
+
+    VMA_FETCH_INSTANCE_FUNC(vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties, PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties");
+    VMA_FETCH_INSTANCE_FUNC(vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties, PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties");
+    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkAllocateMemory, PFN_vkAllocateMemory, "vkAllocateMemory");
+    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkFreeMemory, PFN_vkFreeMemory, "vkFreeMemory");
+    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkMapMemory, PFN_vkMapMemory, "vkMapMemory");
+    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkUnmapMemory, PFN_vkUnmapMemory, "vkUnmapMemory");
+    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges, PFN_vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges, "vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges");
+    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges, PFN_vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges, "vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges");
+    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkBindBufferMemory, PFN_vkBindBufferMemory, "vkBindBufferMemory");
+    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkBindImageMemory, PFN_vkBindImageMemory, "vkBindImageMemory");
+    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements, PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements, "vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements");
+    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkGetImageMemoryRequirements, PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements, "vkGetImageMemoryRequirements");
+    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkCreateBuffer, PFN_vkCreateBuffer, "vkCreateBuffer");
+    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkDestroyBuffer, PFN_vkDestroyBuffer, "vkDestroyBuffer");
+    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkCreateImage, PFN_vkCreateImage, "vkCreateImage");
+    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkDestroyImage, PFN_vkDestroyImage, "vkDestroyImage");
+    VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkCmdCopyBuffer, PFN_vkCmdCopyBuffer, "vkCmdCopyBuffer");
+
+#if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+    if(m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0))
+    {
+        VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR, PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2, "vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2");
+        VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR, PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2, "vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2");
+        VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkBindBufferMemory2KHR, PFN_vkBindBufferMemory2, "vkBindBufferMemory2");
+        VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkBindImageMemory2KHR, PFN_vkBindImageMemory2, "vkBindImageMemory2");
+        VMA_FETCH_INSTANCE_FUNC(vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR, PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2");
+    }
+#endif
+
+#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION
+    if(m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation)
+    {
+        VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR, PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR, "vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR");
+        VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR, PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR, "vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR");
+    }
+#endif
+
+#if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2
+    if(m_UseKhrBindMemory2)
+    {
+        VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkBindBufferMemory2KHR, PFN_vkBindBufferMemory2KHR, "vkBindBufferMemory2KHR");
+        VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkBindImageMemory2KHR, PFN_vkBindImageMemory2KHR, "vkBindImageMemory2KHR");
+    }
+#endif // #if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2
+
+#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
+    if(m_UseExtMemoryBudget)
+    {
+        VMA_FETCH_INSTANCE_FUNC(vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR, PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR");
+    }
+#endif // #if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
+
+#if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1003000
+    if(m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 3, 0))
+    {
+        VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements, PFN_vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements, "vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements");
+        VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC(vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements, PFN_vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements, "vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements");
+    }
+#endif
+
+#undef VMA_FETCH_DEVICE_FUNC
+#undef VMA_FETCH_INSTANCE_FUNC
+}
+
+#endif // VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS == 1
+
+void VmaAllocator_T::ValidateVulkanFunctions()
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkAllocateMemory != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkFreeMemory != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkMapMemory != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkUnmapMemory != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkCreateBuffer != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkDestroyBuffer != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkCreateImage != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkDestroyImage != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkCmdCopyBuffer != VMA_NULL);
+
+#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+    if(m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0) || m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR != VMA_NULL);
+        VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR != VMA_NULL);
+    }
+#endif
+
+#if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2 || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+    if(m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0) || m_UseKhrBindMemory2)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory2KHR != VMA_NULL);
+        VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory2KHR != VMA_NULL);
+    }
+#endif
+
+#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+    if(m_UseExtMemoryBudget || m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0))
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR != VMA_NULL);
+    }
+#endif
+
+#if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1003000
+    if(m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 3, 0))
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements != VMA_NULL);
+        VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements != VMA_NULL);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+VkDeviceSize VmaAllocator_T::CalcPreferredBlockSize(uint32_t memTypeIndex)
+{
+    const uint32_t heapIndex = MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(memTypeIndex);
+    const VkDeviceSize heapSize = m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size;
+    const bool isSmallHeap = heapSize <= VMA_SMALL_HEAP_MAX_SIZE;
+    return VmaAlignUp(isSmallHeap ? (heapSize / 8) : m_PreferredLargeHeapBlockSize, (VkDeviceSize)32);
+}
+
+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::AllocateMemoryOfType(
+    VmaPool pool,
+    VkDeviceSize size,
+    VkDeviceSize alignment,
+    bool dedicatedPreferred,
+    VkBuffer dedicatedBuffer,
+    VkImage dedicatedImage,
+    VkFlags dedicatedBufferImageUsage,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,
+    uint32_t memTypeIndex,
+    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
+    VmaDedicatedAllocationList& dedicatedAllocations,
+    VmaBlockVector& blockVector,
+    size_t allocationCount,
+    VmaAllocation* pAllocations)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocations != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("  AllocateMemory: MemoryTypeIndex=%u, AllocationCount=%zu, Size=%llu", memTypeIndex, allocationCount, size);
+
+    VmaAllocationCreateInfo finalCreateInfo = createInfo;
+    VkResult res = CalcMemTypeParams(
+        finalCreateInfo,
+        memTypeIndex,
+        size,
+        allocationCount);
+    if(res != VK_SUCCESS)
+        return res;
+
+    if((finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT) != 0)
+    {
+        return AllocateDedicatedMemory(
+            pool,
+            size,
+            suballocType,
+            dedicatedAllocations,
+            memTypeIndex,
+            (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT) != 0,
+            (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT) != 0,
+            (finalCreateInfo.flags &
+                (VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT | VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT)) != 0,
+            (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_ALIAS_BIT) != 0,
+            finalCreateInfo.pUserData,
+            finalCreateInfo.priority,
+            dedicatedBuffer,
+            dedicatedImage,
+            dedicatedBufferImageUsage,
+            allocationCount,
+            pAllocations,
+            blockVector.GetAllocationNextPtr());
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        const bool canAllocateDedicated =
+            (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT) == 0 &&
+            (pool == VK_NULL_HANDLE || !blockVector.HasExplicitBlockSize());
+
+        if(canAllocateDedicated)
+        {
+            // Heuristics: Allocate dedicated memory if requested size if greater than half of preferred block size.
+            if(size > blockVector.GetPreferredBlockSize() / 2)
+            {
+                dedicatedPreferred = true;
+            }
+            // Protection against creating each allocation as dedicated when we reach or exceed heap size/budget,
+            // which can quickly deplete maxMemoryAllocationCount: Don't prefer dedicated allocations when above
+            // 3/4 of the maximum allocation count.
+            if(m_DeviceMemoryCount.load() > m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.maxMemoryAllocationCount * 3 / 4)
+            {
+                dedicatedPreferred = false;
+            }
+
+            if(dedicatedPreferred)
+            {
+                res = AllocateDedicatedMemory(
+                    pool,
+                    size,
+                    suballocType,
+                    dedicatedAllocations,
+                    memTypeIndex,
+                    (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT) != 0,
+                    (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT) != 0,
+                    (finalCreateInfo.flags &
+                        (VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT | VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT)) != 0,
+                    (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_ALIAS_BIT) != 0,
+                    finalCreateInfo.pUserData,
+                    finalCreateInfo.priority,
+                    dedicatedBuffer,
+                    dedicatedImage,
+                    dedicatedBufferImageUsage,
+                    allocationCount,
+                    pAllocations,
+                    blockVector.GetAllocationNextPtr());
+                if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
+                {
+                    // Succeeded: AllocateDedicatedMemory function already filld pMemory, nothing more to do here.
+                    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Allocated as DedicatedMemory");
+                    return VK_SUCCESS;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        res = blockVector.Allocate(
+            size,
+            alignment,
+            finalCreateInfo,
+            suballocType,
+            allocationCount,
+            pAllocations);
+        if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
+            return VK_SUCCESS;
+
+        // Try dedicated memory.
+        if(canAllocateDedicated && !dedicatedPreferred)
+        {
+            res = AllocateDedicatedMemory(
+                pool,
+                size,
+                suballocType,
+                dedicatedAllocations,
+                memTypeIndex,
+                (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT) != 0,
+                (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT) != 0,
+                (finalCreateInfo.flags &
+                    (VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT | VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT)) != 0,
+                (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_ALIAS_BIT) != 0,
+                finalCreateInfo.pUserData,
+                finalCreateInfo.priority,
+                dedicatedBuffer,
+                dedicatedImage,
+                dedicatedBufferImageUsage,
+                allocationCount,
+                pAllocations,
+                blockVector.GetAllocationNextPtr());
+            if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                // Succeeded: AllocateDedicatedMemory function already filld pMemory, nothing more to do here.
+                VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Allocated as DedicatedMemory");
+                return VK_SUCCESS;
+            }
+        }
+        // Everything failed: Return error code.
+        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    vkAllocateMemory FAILED");
+        return res;
+    }
+}
+
+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::AllocateDedicatedMemory(
+    VmaPool pool,
+    VkDeviceSize size,
+    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
+    VmaDedicatedAllocationList& dedicatedAllocations,
+    uint32_t memTypeIndex,
+    bool map,
+    bool isUserDataString,
+    bool isMappingAllowed,
+    bool canAliasMemory,
+    void* pUserData,
+    float priority,
+    VkBuffer dedicatedBuffer,
+    VkImage dedicatedImage,
+    VkFlags dedicatedBufferImageUsage,
+    size_t allocationCount,
+    VmaAllocation* pAllocations,
+    const void* pNextChain)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocationCount > 0 && pAllocations);
+
+    VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO };
+    allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = memTypeIndex;
+    allocInfo.allocationSize = size;
+    allocInfo.pNext = pNextChain;
+
+#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+    VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfoKHR dedicatedAllocInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_DEDICATED_ALLOCATE_INFO_KHR };
+    if(!canAliasMemory)
+    {
+        if(m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation || m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0))
+        {
+            if(dedicatedBuffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+            {
+                VMA_ASSERT(dedicatedImage == VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+                dedicatedAllocInfo.buffer = dedicatedBuffer;
+                VmaPnextChainPushFront(&allocInfo, &dedicatedAllocInfo);
+            }
+            else if(dedicatedImage != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+            {
+                dedicatedAllocInfo.image = dedicatedImage;
+                VmaPnextChainPushFront(&allocInfo, &dedicatedAllocInfo);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+#endif // #if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+
+#if VMA_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS
+    VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfoKHR allocFlagsInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_FLAGS_INFO_KHR };
+    if(m_UseKhrBufferDeviceAddress)
+    {
+        bool canContainBufferWithDeviceAddress = true;
+        if(dedicatedBuffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+        {
+            canContainBufferWithDeviceAddress = dedicatedBufferImageUsage == UINT32_MAX || // Usage flags unknown
+                (dedicatedBufferImageUsage & VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT_EXT) != 0;
+        }
+        else if(dedicatedImage != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+        {
+            canContainBufferWithDeviceAddress = false;
+        }
+        if(canContainBufferWithDeviceAddress)
+        {
+            allocFlagsInfo.flags = VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT_KHR;
+            VmaPnextChainPushFront(&allocInfo, &allocFlagsInfo);
+        }
+    }
+#endif // #if VMA_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS
+
+#if VMA_MEMORY_PRIORITY
+    VkMemoryPriorityAllocateInfoEXT priorityInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_PRIORITY_ALLOCATE_INFO_EXT };
+    if(m_UseExtMemoryPriority)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(priority >= 0.f && priority <= 1.f);
+        priorityInfo.priority = priority;
+        VmaPnextChainPushFront(&allocInfo, &priorityInfo);
+    }
+#endif // #if VMA_MEMORY_PRIORITY
+
+#if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
+    // Attach VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR if necessary.
+    VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR exportMemoryAllocInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXPORT_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO_KHR };
+    exportMemoryAllocInfo.handleTypes = GetExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlags(memTypeIndex);
+    if(exportMemoryAllocInfo.handleTypes != 0)
+    {
+        VmaPnextChainPushFront(&allocInfo, &exportMemoryAllocInfo);
+    }
+#endif // #if VMA_EXTERNAL_MEMORY
+
+    size_t allocIndex;
+    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
+    for(allocIndex = 0; allocIndex < allocationCount; ++allocIndex)
+    {
+        res = AllocateDedicatedMemoryPage(
+            pool,
+            size,
+            suballocType,
+            memTypeIndex,
+            allocInfo,
+            map,
+            isUserDataString,
+            isMappingAllowed,
+            pUserData,
+            pAllocations + allocIndex);
+        if(res != VK_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        for (allocIndex = 0; allocIndex < allocationCount; ++allocIndex)
+        {
+            dedicatedAllocations.Register(pAllocations[allocIndex]);
+        }
+        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Allocated DedicatedMemory Count=%zu, MemoryTypeIndex=#%u", allocationCount, memTypeIndex);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Free all already created allocations.
+        while(allocIndex--)
+        {
+            VmaAllocation currAlloc = pAllocations[allocIndex];
+            VkDeviceMemory hMemory = currAlloc->GetMemory();
+
+            /*
+            There is no need to call this, because Vulkan spec allows to skip vkUnmapMemory
+            before vkFreeMemory.
+
+            if(currAlloc->GetMappedData() != VMA_NULL)
+            {
+                (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkUnmapMemory)(m_hDevice, hMemory);
+            }
+            */
+
+            FreeVulkanMemory(memTypeIndex, currAlloc->GetSize(), hMemory);
+            m_Budget.RemoveAllocation(MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(memTypeIndex), currAlloc->GetSize());
+            m_AllocationObjectAllocator.Free(currAlloc);
+        }
+
+        memset(pAllocations, 0, sizeof(VmaAllocation) * allocationCount);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::AllocateDedicatedMemoryPage(
+    VmaPool pool,
+    VkDeviceSize size,
+    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
+    uint32_t memTypeIndex,
+    const VkMemoryAllocateInfo& allocInfo,
+    bool map,
+    bool isUserDataString,
+    bool isMappingAllowed,
+    void* pUserData,
+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation)
+{
+    VkDeviceMemory hMemory = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    VkResult res = AllocateVulkanMemory(&allocInfo, &hMemory);
+    if(res < 0)
+    {
+        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    vkAllocateMemory FAILED");
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    void* pMappedData = VMA_NULL;
+    if(map)
+    {
+        res = (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkMapMemory)(
+            m_hDevice,
+            hMemory,
+            0,
+            VK_WHOLE_SIZE,
+            0,
+            &pMappedData);
+        if(res < 0)
+        {
+            VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    vkMapMemory FAILED");
+            FreeVulkanMemory(memTypeIndex, size, hMemory);
+            return res;
+        }
+    }
+
+    *pAllocation = m_AllocationObjectAllocator.Allocate(isMappingAllowed);
+    (*pAllocation)->InitDedicatedAllocation(pool, memTypeIndex, hMemory, suballocType, pMappedData, size);
+    if (isUserDataString)
+        (*pAllocation)->SetName(this, (const char*)pUserData);
+    else
+        (*pAllocation)->SetUserData(this, pUserData);
+    m_Budget.AddAllocation(MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(memTypeIndex), size);
+    if(VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS)
+    {
+        FillAllocation(*pAllocation, VMA_ALLOCATION_FILL_PATTERN_CREATED);
+    }
+
+    return VK_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+void VmaAllocator_T::GetBufferMemoryRequirements(
+    VkBuffer hBuffer,
+    VkMemoryRequirements& memReq,
+    bool& requiresDedicatedAllocation,
+    bool& prefersDedicatedAllocation) const
+{
+#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+    if(m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation || m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0))
+    {
+        VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2KHR memReqInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO_2_KHR };
+        memReqInfo.buffer = hBuffer;
+
+        VkMemoryDedicatedRequirementsKHR memDedicatedReq = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_DEDICATED_REQUIREMENTS_KHR };
+
+        VkMemoryRequirements2KHR memReq2 = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2_KHR };
+        VmaPnextChainPushFront(&memReq2, &memDedicatedReq);
+
+        (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR)(m_hDevice, &memReqInfo, &memReq2);
+
+        memReq = memReq2.memoryRequirements;
+        requiresDedicatedAllocation = (memDedicatedReq.requiresDedicatedAllocation != VK_FALSE);
+        prefersDedicatedAllocation  = (memDedicatedReq.prefersDedicatedAllocation  != VK_FALSE);
+    }
+    else
+#endif // #if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+    {
+        (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements)(m_hDevice, hBuffer, &memReq);
+        requiresDedicatedAllocation = false;
+        prefersDedicatedAllocation  = false;
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaAllocator_T::GetImageMemoryRequirements(
+    VkImage hImage,
+    VkMemoryRequirements& memReq,
+    bool& requiresDedicatedAllocation,
+    bool& prefersDedicatedAllocation) const
+{
+#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+    if(m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation || m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0))
+    {
+        VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2KHR memReqInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO_2_KHR };
+        memReqInfo.image = hImage;
+
+        VkMemoryDedicatedRequirementsKHR memDedicatedReq = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_DEDICATED_REQUIREMENTS_KHR };
+
+        VkMemoryRequirements2KHR memReq2 = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2_KHR };
+        VmaPnextChainPushFront(&memReq2, &memDedicatedReq);
+
+        (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR)(m_hDevice, &memReqInfo, &memReq2);
+
+        memReq = memReq2.memoryRequirements;
+        requiresDedicatedAllocation = (memDedicatedReq.requiresDedicatedAllocation != VK_FALSE);
+        prefersDedicatedAllocation  = (memDedicatedReq.prefersDedicatedAllocation  != VK_FALSE);
+    }
+    else
+#endif // #if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION || VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+    {
+        (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements)(m_hDevice, hImage, &memReq);
+        requiresDedicatedAllocation = false;
+        prefersDedicatedAllocation  = false;
+    }
+}
+
+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::FindMemoryTypeIndex(
+    uint32_t memoryTypeBits,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,
+    VkFlags bufImgUsage,
+    uint32_t* pMemoryTypeIndex) const
+{
+    memoryTypeBits &= GetGlobalMemoryTypeBits();
+
+    if(pAllocationCreateInfo->memoryTypeBits != 0)
+    {
+        memoryTypeBits &= pAllocationCreateInfo->memoryTypeBits;
+    }
+
+    VkMemoryPropertyFlags requiredFlags = 0, preferredFlags = 0, notPreferredFlags = 0;
+    if(!FindMemoryPreferences(
+        IsIntegratedGpu(),
+        *pAllocationCreateInfo,
+        bufImgUsage,
+        requiredFlags, preferredFlags, notPreferredFlags))
+    {
+        return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;
+    }
+
+    *pMemoryTypeIndex = UINT32_MAX;
+    uint32_t minCost = UINT32_MAX;
+    for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0, memTypeBit = 1;
+        memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount();
+        ++memTypeIndex, memTypeBit <<= 1)
+    {
+        // This memory type is acceptable according to memoryTypeBits bitmask.
+        if((memTypeBit & memoryTypeBits) != 0)
+        {
+            const VkMemoryPropertyFlags currFlags =
+                m_MemProps.memoryTypes[memTypeIndex].propertyFlags;
+            // This memory type contains requiredFlags.
+            if((requiredFlags & ~currFlags) == 0)
+            {
+                // Calculate cost as number of bits from preferredFlags not present in this memory type.
+                uint32_t currCost = VMA_COUNT_BITS_SET(preferredFlags & ~currFlags) +
+                    VMA_COUNT_BITS_SET(currFlags & notPreferredFlags);
+                // Remember memory type with lowest cost.
+                if(currCost < minCost)
+                {
+                    *pMemoryTypeIndex = memTypeIndex;
+                    if(currCost == 0)
+                    {
+                        return VK_SUCCESS;
+                    }
+                    minCost = currCost;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return (*pMemoryTypeIndex != UINT32_MAX) ? VK_SUCCESS : VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;
+}
+
+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::CalcMemTypeParams(
+    VmaAllocationCreateInfo& inoutCreateInfo,
+    uint32_t memTypeIndex,
+    VkDeviceSize size,
+    size_t allocationCount)
+{
+    // If memory type is not HOST_VISIBLE, disable MAPPED.
+    if((inoutCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT) != 0 &&
+        (m_MemProps.memoryTypes[memTypeIndex].propertyFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) == 0)
+    {
+        inoutCreateInfo.flags &= ~VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;
+    }
+
+    if((inoutCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT) != 0 &&
+        (inoutCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_WITHIN_BUDGET_BIT) != 0)
+    {
+        const uint32_t heapIndex = MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(memTypeIndex);
+        VmaBudget heapBudget = {};
+        GetHeapBudgets(&heapBudget, heapIndex, 1);
+        if(heapBudget.usage + size * allocationCount > heapBudget.budget)
+        {
+            return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;
+        }
+    }
+    return VK_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::CalcAllocationParams(
+    VmaAllocationCreateInfo& inoutCreateInfo,
+    bool dedicatedRequired,
+    bool dedicatedPreferred)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT((inoutCreateInfo.flags &
+        (VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT | VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT)) !=
+        (VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT | VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT) &&
+        "Specifying both flags VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT and VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT is incorrect.");
+    VMA_ASSERT((((inoutCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_ALLOW_TRANSFER_INSTEAD_BIT) == 0 ||
+        (inoutCreateInfo.flags & (VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT | VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT)) != 0)) &&
+        "Specifying VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_ALLOW_TRANSFER_INSTEAD_BIT requires also VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT or VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT.");
+    if(inoutCreateInfo.usage == VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO || inoutCreateInfo.usage == VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_DEVICE || inoutCreateInfo.usage == VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_HOST)
+    {
+        if((inoutCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT) != 0)
+        {
+            VMA_ASSERT((inoutCreateInfo.flags & (VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT | VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT)) != 0 &&
+                "When using VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT and usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO*, you must also specify VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT or VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If memory is lazily allocated, it should be always dedicated.
+    if(dedicatedRequired ||
+        inoutCreateInfo.usage == VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_LAZILY_ALLOCATED)
+    {
+        inoutCreateInfo.flags |= VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT;
+    }
+
+    if(inoutCreateInfo.pool != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
+        if(inoutCreateInfo.pool->m_BlockVector.HasExplicitBlockSize() &&
+            (inoutCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT) != 0)
+        {
+            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Specifying VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT while current custom pool doesn't support dedicated allocations.");
+            return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;
+        }
+        inoutCreateInfo.priority = inoutCreateInfo.pool->m_BlockVector.GetPriority();
+    }
+
+    if((inoutCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT) != 0 &&
+        (inoutCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT) != 0)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Specifying VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT together with VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT makes no sense.");
+        return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;
+    }
+
+    if(VMA_DEBUG_ALWAYS_DEDICATED_MEMORY &&
+        (inoutCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT) != 0)
+    {
+        inoutCreateInfo.flags |= VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT;
+    }
+
+    // Non-auto USAGE values imply HOST_ACCESS flags.
+    // And so does VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_UNKNOWN because it is used with custom pools.
+    // Which specific flag is used doesn't matter. They change things only when used with VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO*.
+    // Otherwise they just protect from assert on mapping.
+    if(inoutCreateInfo.usage != VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO &&
+        inoutCreateInfo.usage != VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_DEVICE &&
+        inoutCreateInfo.usage != VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_HOST)
+    {
+        if((inoutCreateInfo.flags & (VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT | VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT)) == 0)
+        {
+            inoutCreateInfo.flags |= VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return VK_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::AllocateMemory(
+    const VkMemoryRequirements& vkMemReq,
+    bool requiresDedicatedAllocation,
+    bool prefersDedicatedAllocation,
+    VkBuffer dedicatedBuffer,
+    VkImage dedicatedImage,
+    VkFlags dedicatedBufferImageUsage,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,
+    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,
+    size_t allocationCount,
+    VmaAllocation* pAllocations)
+{
+    memset(pAllocations, 0, sizeof(VmaAllocation) * allocationCount);
+
+    VMA_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(vkMemReq.alignment));
+
+    if(vkMemReq.size == 0)
+    {
+        return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    VmaAllocationCreateInfo createInfoFinal = createInfo;
+    VkResult res = CalcAllocationParams(createInfoFinal, requiresDedicatedAllocation, prefersDedicatedAllocation);
+    if(res != VK_SUCCESS)
+        return res;
+
+    if(createInfoFinal.pool != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
+        VmaBlockVector& blockVector = createInfoFinal.pool->m_BlockVector;
+        return AllocateMemoryOfType(
+            createInfoFinal.pool,
+            vkMemReq.size,
+            vkMemReq.alignment,
+            prefersDedicatedAllocation,
+            dedicatedBuffer,
+            dedicatedImage,
+            dedicatedBufferImageUsage,
+            createInfoFinal,
+            blockVector.GetMemoryTypeIndex(),
+            suballocType,
+            createInfoFinal.pool->m_DedicatedAllocations,
+            blockVector,
+            allocationCount,
+            pAllocations);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Bit mask of memory Vulkan types acceptable for this allocation.
+        uint32_t memoryTypeBits = vkMemReq.memoryTypeBits;
+        uint32_t memTypeIndex = UINT32_MAX;
+        res = FindMemoryTypeIndex(memoryTypeBits, &createInfoFinal, dedicatedBufferImageUsage, &memTypeIndex);
+        // Can't find any single memory type matching requirements. res is VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT.
+        if(res != VK_SUCCESS)
+            return res;
+        do
+        {
+            VmaBlockVector* blockVector = m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex];
+            VMA_ASSERT(blockVector && "Trying to use unsupported memory type!");
+            res = AllocateMemoryOfType(
+                VK_NULL_HANDLE,
+                vkMemReq.size,
+                vkMemReq.alignment,
+                requiresDedicatedAllocation || prefersDedicatedAllocation,
+                dedicatedBuffer,
+                dedicatedImage,
+                dedicatedBufferImageUsage,
+                createInfoFinal,
+                memTypeIndex,
+                suballocType,
+                m_DedicatedAllocations[memTypeIndex],
+                *blockVector,
+                allocationCount,
+                pAllocations);
+            // Allocation succeeded
+            if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
+                return VK_SUCCESS;
+
+            // Remove old memTypeIndex from list of possibilities.
+            memoryTypeBits &= ~(1u << memTypeIndex);
+            // Find alternative memTypeIndex.
+            res = FindMemoryTypeIndex(memoryTypeBits, &createInfoFinal, dedicatedBufferImageUsage, &memTypeIndex);
+        } while(res == VK_SUCCESS);
+
+        // No other matching memory type index could be found.
+        // Not returning res, which is VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT, because we already failed to allocate once.
+        return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaAllocator_T::FreeMemory(
+    size_t allocationCount,
+    const VmaAllocation* pAllocations)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocations);
+
+    for(size_t allocIndex = allocationCount; allocIndex--; )
+    {
+        VmaAllocation allocation = pAllocations[allocIndex];
+
+        if(allocation != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+        {
+            if(VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS)
+            {
+                FillAllocation(allocation, VMA_ALLOCATION_FILL_PATTERN_DESTROYED);
+            }
+
+            allocation->FreeName(this);
+
+            switch(allocation->GetType())
+            {
+            case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
+                {
+                    VmaBlockVector* pBlockVector = VMA_NULL;
+                    VmaPool hPool = allocation->GetParentPool();
+                    if(hPool != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+                    {
+                        pBlockVector = &hPool->m_BlockVector;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        const uint32_t memTypeIndex = allocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex();
+                        pBlockVector = m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex];
+                        VMA_ASSERT(pBlockVector && "Trying to free memory of unsupported type!");
+                    }
+                    pBlockVector->Free(allocation);
+                }
+                break;
+            case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
+                FreeDedicatedMemory(allocation);
+                break;
+            default:
+                VMA_ASSERT(0);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaAllocator_T::CalculateStatistics(VmaTotalStatistics* pStats)
+{
+    // Initialize.
+    VmaClearDetailedStatistics(pStats->total);
+    for(uint32_t i = 0; i < VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES; ++i)
+        VmaClearDetailedStatistics(pStats->memoryType[i]);
+    for(uint32_t i = 0; i < VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS; ++i)
+        VmaClearDetailedStatistics(pStats->memoryHeap[i]);
+
+    // Process default pools.
+    for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)
+    {
+        VmaBlockVector* const pBlockVector = m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex];
+        if (pBlockVector != VMA_NULL)
+            pBlockVector->AddDetailedStatistics(pStats->memoryType[memTypeIndex]);
+    }
+
+    // Process custom pools.
+    {
+        VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_PoolsMutex, m_UseMutex);
+        for(VmaPool pool = m_Pools.Front(); pool != VMA_NULL; pool = m_Pools.GetNext(pool))
+        {
+            VmaBlockVector& blockVector = pool->m_BlockVector;
+            const uint32_t memTypeIndex = blockVector.GetMemoryTypeIndex();
+            blockVector.AddDetailedStatistics(pStats->memoryType[memTypeIndex]);
+            pool->m_DedicatedAllocations.AddDetailedStatistics(pStats->memoryType[memTypeIndex]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Process dedicated allocations.
+    for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)
+    {
+        m_DedicatedAllocations[memTypeIndex].AddDetailedStatistics(pStats->memoryType[memTypeIndex]);
+    }
+
+    // Sum from memory types to memory heaps.
+    for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)
+    {
+        const uint32_t memHeapIndex = m_MemProps.memoryTypes[memTypeIndex].heapIndex;
+        VmaAddDetailedStatistics(pStats->memoryHeap[memHeapIndex], pStats->memoryType[memTypeIndex]);
+    }
+
+    // Sum from memory heaps to total.
+    for(uint32_t memHeapIndex = 0; memHeapIndex < GetMemoryHeapCount(); ++memHeapIndex)
+        VmaAddDetailedStatistics(pStats->total, pStats->memoryHeap[memHeapIndex]);
+
+    VMA_ASSERT(pStats->total.statistics.allocationCount == 0 ||
+        pStats->total.allocationSizeMax >= pStats->total.allocationSizeMin);
+    VMA_ASSERT(pStats->total.unusedRangeCount == 0 ||
+        pStats->total.unusedRangeSizeMax >= pStats->total.unusedRangeSizeMin);
+}
+
+void VmaAllocator_T::GetHeapBudgets(VmaBudget* outBudgets, uint32_t firstHeap, uint32_t heapCount)
+{
+#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
+    if(m_UseExtMemoryBudget)
+    {
+        if(m_Budget.m_OperationsSinceBudgetFetch < 30)
+        {
+            VmaMutexLockRead lockRead(m_Budget.m_BudgetMutex, m_UseMutex);
+            for(uint32_t i = 0; i < heapCount; ++i, ++outBudgets)
+            {
+                const uint32_t heapIndex = firstHeap + i;
+
+                outBudgets->statistics.blockCount = m_Budget.m_BlockCount[heapIndex];
+                outBudgets->statistics.allocationCount = m_Budget.m_AllocationCount[heapIndex];
+                outBudgets->statistics.blockBytes = m_Budget.m_BlockBytes[heapIndex];
+                outBudgets->statistics.allocationBytes = m_Budget.m_AllocationBytes[heapIndex];
+
+                if(m_Budget.m_VulkanUsage[heapIndex] + outBudgets->statistics.blockBytes > m_Budget.m_BlockBytesAtBudgetFetch[heapIndex])
+                {
+                    outBudgets->usage = m_Budget.m_VulkanUsage[heapIndex] +
+                        outBudgets->statistics.blockBytes - m_Budget.m_BlockBytesAtBudgetFetch[heapIndex];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    outBudgets->usage = 0;
+                }
+
+                // Have to take MIN with heap size because explicit HeapSizeLimit is included in it.
+                outBudgets->budget = VMA_MIN(
+                    m_Budget.m_VulkanBudget[heapIndex], m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            UpdateVulkanBudget(); // Outside of mutex lock
+            GetHeapBudgets(outBudgets, firstHeap, heapCount); // Recursion
+        }
+    }
+    else
+#endif
+    {
+        for(uint32_t i = 0; i < heapCount; ++i, ++outBudgets)
+        {
+            const uint32_t heapIndex = firstHeap + i;
+
+            outBudgets->statistics.blockCount = m_Budget.m_BlockCount[heapIndex];
+            outBudgets->statistics.allocationCount = m_Budget.m_AllocationCount[heapIndex];
+            outBudgets->statistics.blockBytes = m_Budget.m_BlockBytes[heapIndex];
+            outBudgets->statistics.allocationBytes = m_Budget.m_AllocationBytes[heapIndex];
+
+            outBudgets->usage = outBudgets->statistics.blockBytes;
+            outBudgets->budget = m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size * 8 / 10; // 80% heuristics.
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaAllocator_T::GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocation hAllocation, VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)
+{
+    pAllocationInfo->memoryType = hAllocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex();
+    pAllocationInfo->deviceMemory = hAllocation->GetMemory();
+    pAllocationInfo->offset = hAllocation->GetOffset();
+    pAllocationInfo->size = hAllocation->GetSize();
+    pAllocationInfo->pMappedData = hAllocation->GetMappedData();
+    pAllocationInfo->pUserData = hAllocation->GetUserData();
+    pAllocationInfo->pName = hAllocation->GetName();
+}
+
+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::CreatePool(const VmaPoolCreateInfo* pCreateInfo, VmaPool* pPool)
+{
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("  CreatePool: MemoryTypeIndex=%u, flags=%u", pCreateInfo->memoryTypeIndex, pCreateInfo->flags);
+
+    VmaPoolCreateInfo newCreateInfo = *pCreateInfo;
+
+    // Protection against uninitialized new structure member. If garbage data are left there, this pointer dereference would crash.
+    if(pCreateInfo->pMemoryAllocateNext)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(((const VkBaseInStructure*)pCreateInfo->pMemoryAllocateNext)->sType != 0);
+    }
+
+    if(newCreateInfo.maxBlockCount == 0)
+    {
+        newCreateInfo.maxBlockCount = SIZE_MAX;
+    }
+    if(newCreateInfo.minBlockCount > newCreateInfo.maxBlockCount)
+    {
+        return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
+    }
+    // Memory type index out of range or forbidden.
+    if(pCreateInfo->memoryTypeIndex >= GetMemoryTypeCount() ||
+        ((1u << pCreateInfo->memoryTypeIndex) & m_GlobalMemoryTypeBits) == 0)
+    {
+        return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;
+    }
+    if(newCreateInfo.minAllocationAlignment > 0)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(newCreateInfo.minAllocationAlignment));
+    }
+
+    const VkDeviceSize preferredBlockSize = CalcPreferredBlockSize(newCreateInfo.memoryTypeIndex);
+
+    *pPool = vma_new(this, VmaPool_T)(this, newCreateInfo, preferredBlockSize);
+
+    VkResult res = (*pPool)->m_BlockVector.CreateMinBlocks();
+    if(res != VK_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        vma_delete(this, *pPool);
+        *pPool = VMA_NULL;
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    // Add to m_Pools.
+    {
+        VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_PoolsMutex, m_UseMutex);
+        (*pPool)->SetId(m_NextPoolId++);
+        m_Pools.PushBack(*pPool);
+    }
+
+    return VK_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+void VmaAllocator_T::DestroyPool(VmaPool pool)
+{
+    // Remove from m_Pools.
+    {
+        VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_PoolsMutex, m_UseMutex);
+        m_Pools.Remove(pool);
+    }
+
+    vma_delete(this, pool);
+}
+
+void VmaAllocator_T::GetPoolStatistics(VmaPool pool, VmaStatistics* pPoolStats)
+{
+    VmaClearStatistics(*pPoolStats);
+    pool->m_BlockVector.AddStatistics(*pPoolStats);
+    pool->m_DedicatedAllocations.AddStatistics(*pPoolStats);
+}
+
+void VmaAllocator_T::CalculatePoolStatistics(VmaPool pool, VmaDetailedStatistics* pPoolStats)
+{
+    VmaClearDetailedStatistics(*pPoolStats);
+    pool->m_BlockVector.AddDetailedStatistics(*pPoolStats);
+    pool->m_DedicatedAllocations.AddDetailedStatistics(*pPoolStats);
+}
+
+void VmaAllocator_T::SetCurrentFrameIndex(uint32_t frameIndex)
+{
+    m_CurrentFrameIndex.store(frameIndex);
+
+#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
+    if(m_UseExtMemoryBudget)
+    {
+        UpdateVulkanBudget();
+    }
+#endif // #if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
+}
+
+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::CheckPoolCorruption(VmaPool hPool)
+{
+    return hPool->m_BlockVector.CheckCorruption();
+}
+
+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::CheckCorruption(uint32_t memoryTypeBits)
+{
+    VkResult finalRes = VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;
+
+    // Process default pools.
+    for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)
+    {
+        VmaBlockVector* const pBlockVector = m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex];
+        if(pBlockVector != VMA_NULL)
+        {
+            VkResult localRes = pBlockVector->CheckCorruption();
+            switch(localRes)
+            {
+            case VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT:
+                break;
+            case VK_SUCCESS:
+                finalRes = VK_SUCCESS;
+                break;
+            default:
+                return localRes;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Process custom pools.
+    {
+        VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_PoolsMutex, m_UseMutex);
+        for(VmaPool pool = m_Pools.Front(); pool != VMA_NULL; pool = m_Pools.GetNext(pool))
+        {
+            if(((1u << pool->m_BlockVector.GetMemoryTypeIndex()) & memoryTypeBits) != 0)
+            {
+                VkResult localRes = pool->m_BlockVector.CheckCorruption();
+                switch(localRes)
+                {
+                case VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT:
+                    break;
+                case VK_SUCCESS:
+                    finalRes = VK_SUCCESS;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    return localRes;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return finalRes;
+}
+
+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::AllocateVulkanMemory(const VkMemoryAllocateInfo* pAllocateInfo, VkDeviceMemory* pMemory)
+{
+    AtomicTransactionalIncrement<uint32_t> deviceMemoryCountIncrement;
+    const uint64_t prevDeviceMemoryCount = deviceMemoryCountIncrement.Increment(&m_DeviceMemoryCount);
+#if VMA_DEBUG_DONT_EXCEED_MAX_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_COUNT
+    if(prevDeviceMemoryCount >= m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.maxMemoryAllocationCount)
+    {
+        return VK_ERROR_TOO_MANY_OBJECTS;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    const uint32_t heapIndex = MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(pAllocateInfo->memoryTypeIndex);
+
+    // HeapSizeLimit is in effect for this heap.
+    if((m_HeapSizeLimitMask & (1u << heapIndex)) != 0)
+    {
+        const VkDeviceSize heapSize = m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size;
+        VkDeviceSize blockBytes = m_Budget.m_BlockBytes[heapIndex];
+        for(;;)
+        {
+            const VkDeviceSize blockBytesAfterAllocation = blockBytes + pAllocateInfo->allocationSize;
+            if(blockBytesAfterAllocation > heapSize)
+            {
+                return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;
+            }
+            if(m_Budget.m_BlockBytes[heapIndex].compare_exchange_strong(blockBytes, blockBytesAfterAllocation))
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        m_Budget.m_BlockBytes[heapIndex] += pAllocateInfo->allocationSize;
+    }
+    ++m_Budget.m_BlockCount[heapIndex];
+
+    // VULKAN CALL vkAllocateMemory.
+    VkResult res = (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkAllocateMemory)(m_hDevice, pAllocateInfo, GetAllocationCallbacks(), pMemory);
+
+    if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
+    {
+#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
+        ++m_Budget.m_OperationsSinceBudgetFetch;
+#endif
+
+        // Informative callback.
+        if(m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pfnAllocate != VMA_NULL)
+        {
+            (*m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pfnAllocate)(this, pAllocateInfo->memoryTypeIndex, *pMemory, pAllocateInfo->allocationSize, m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pUserData);
+        }
+
+        deviceMemoryCountIncrement.Commit();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        --m_Budget.m_BlockCount[heapIndex];
+        m_Budget.m_BlockBytes[heapIndex] -= pAllocateInfo->allocationSize;
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+void VmaAllocator_T::FreeVulkanMemory(uint32_t memoryType, VkDeviceSize size, VkDeviceMemory hMemory)
+{
+    // Informative callback.
+    if(m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pfnFree != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        (*m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pfnFree)(this, memoryType, hMemory, size, m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pUserData);
+    }
+
+    // VULKAN CALL vkFreeMemory.
+    (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkFreeMemory)(m_hDevice, hMemory, GetAllocationCallbacks());
+
+    const uint32_t heapIndex = MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(memoryType);
+    --m_Budget.m_BlockCount[heapIndex];
+    m_Budget.m_BlockBytes[heapIndex] -= size;
+
+    --m_DeviceMemoryCount;
+}
+
+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::BindVulkanBuffer(
+    VkDeviceMemory memory,
+    VkDeviceSize memoryOffset,
+    VkBuffer buffer,
+    const void* pNext)
+{
+    if(pNext != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+#if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000 || VMA_BIND_MEMORY2
+        if((m_UseKhrBindMemory2 || m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0)) &&
+            m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory2KHR != VMA_NULL)
+        {
+            VkBindBufferMemoryInfoKHR bindBufferMemoryInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_BUFFER_MEMORY_INFO_KHR };
+            bindBufferMemoryInfo.pNext = pNext;
+            bindBufferMemoryInfo.buffer = buffer;
+            bindBufferMemoryInfo.memory = memory;
+            bindBufferMemoryInfo.memoryOffset = memoryOffset;
+            return (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory2KHR)(m_hDevice, 1, &bindBufferMemoryInfo);
+        }
+        else
+#endif // #if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000 || VMA_BIND_MEMORY2
+        {
+            return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory)(m_hDevice, buffer, memory, memoryOffset);
+    }
+}
+
+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::BindVulkanImage(
+    VkDeviceMemory memory,
+    VkDeviceSize memoryOffset,
+    VkImage image,
+    const void* pNext)
+{
+    if(pNext != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+#if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000 || VMA_BIND_MEMORY2
+        if((m_UseKhrBindMemory2 || m_VulkanApiVersion >= VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0)) &&
+            m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory2KHR != VMA_NULL)
+        {
+            VkBindImageMemoryInfoKHR bindBufferMemoryInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_IMAGE_MEMORY_INFO_KHR };
+            bindBufferMemoryInfo.pNext = pNext;
+            bindBufferMemoryInfo.image = image;
+            bindBufferMemoryInfo.memory = memory;
+            bindBufferMemoryInfo.memoryOffset = memoryOffset;
+            return (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory2KHR)(m_hDevice, 1, &bindBufferMemoryInfo);
+        }
+        else
+#endif // #if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2
+        {
+            return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory)(m_hDevice, image, memory, memoryOffset);
+    }
+}
+
+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::Map(VmaAllocation hAllocation, void** ppData)
+{
+    switch(hAllocation->GetType())
+    {
+    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
+        {
+            VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = hAllocation->GetBlock();
+            char *pBytes = VMA_NULL;
+            VkResult res = pBlock->Map(this, 1, (void**)&pBytes);
+            if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                *ppData = pBytes + (ptrdiff_t)hAllocation->GetOffset();
+                hAllocation->BlockAllocMap();
+            }
+            return res;
+        }
+    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
+        return hAllocation->DedicatedAllocMap(this, ppData);
+    default:
+        VMA_ASSERT(0);
+        return VK_ERROR_MEMORY_MAP_FAILED;
+    }
+}
+
+void VmaAllocator_T::Unmap(VmaAllocation hAllocation)
+{
+    switch(hAllocation->GetType())
+    {
+    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
+        {
+            VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = hAllocation->GetBlock();
+            hAllocation->BlockAllocUnmap();
+            pBlock->Unmap(this, 1);
+        }
+        break;
+    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
+        hAllocation->DedicatedAllocUnmap(this);
+        break;
+    default:
+        VMA_ASSERT(0);
+    }
+}
+
+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::BindBufferMemory(
+    VmaAllocation hAllocation,
+    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
+    VkBuffer hBuffer,
+    const void* pNext)
+{
+    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
+    switch(hAllocation->GetType())
+    {
+    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
+        res = BindVulkanBuffer(hAllocation->GetMemory(), allocationLocalOffset, hBuffer, pNext);
+        break;
+    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
+    {
+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = hAllocation->GetBlock();
+        VMA_ASSERT(pBlock && "Binding buffer to allocation that doesn't belong to any block.");
+        res = pBlock->BindBufferMemory(this, hAllocation, allocationLocalOffset, hBuffer, pNext);
+        break;
+    }
+    default:
+        VMA_ASSERT(0);
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::BindImageMemory(
+    VmaAllocation hAllocation,
+    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
+    VkImage hImage,
+    const void* pNext)
+{
+    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
+    switch(hAllocation->GetType())
+    {
+    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
+        res = BindVulkanImage(hAllocation->GetMemory(), allocationLocalOffset, hImage, pNext);
+        break;
+    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
+    {
+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock = hAllocation->GetBlock();
+        VMA_ASSERT(pBlock && "Binding image to allocation that doesn't belong to any block.");
+        res = pBlock->BindImageMemory(this, hAllocation, allocationLocalOffset, hImage, pNext);
+        break;
+    }
+    default:
+        VMA_ASSERT(0);
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::FlushOrInvalidateAllocation(
+    VmaAllocation hAllocation,
+    VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size,
+    VMA_CACHE_OPERATION op)
+{
+    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
+
+    VkMappedMemoryRange memRange = {};
+    if(GetFlushOrInvalidateRange(hAllocation, offset, size, memRange))
+    {
+        switch(op)
+        {
+        case VMA_CACHE_FLUSH:
+            res = (*GetVulkanFunctions().vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges)(m_hDevice, 1, &memRange);
+            break;
+        case VMA_CACHE_INVALIDATE:
+            res = (*GetVulkanFunctions().vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges)(m_hDevice, 1, &memRange);
+            break;
+        default:
+            VMA_ASSERT(0);
+        }
+    }
+    // else: Just ignore this call.
+    return res;
+}
+
+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::FlushOrInvalidateAllocations(
+    uint32_t allocationCount,
+    const VmaAllocation* allocations,
+    const VkDeviceSize* offsets, const VkDeviceSize* sizes,
+    VMA_CACHE_OPERATION op)
+{
+    typedef VmaStlAllocator<VkMappedMemoryRange> RangeAllocator;
+    typedef VmaSmallVector<VkMappedMemoryRange, RangeAllocator, 16> RangeVector;
+    RangeVector ranges = RangeVector(RangeAllocator(GetAllocationCallbacks()));
+
+    for(uint32_t allocIndex = 0; allocIndex < allocationCount; ++allocIndex)
+    {
+        const VmaAllocation alloc = allocations[allocIndex];
+        const VkDeviceSize offset = offsets != VMA_NULL ? offsets[allocIndex] : 0;
+        const VkDeviceSize size = sizes != VMA_NULL ? sizes[allocIndex] : VK_WHOLE_SIZE;
+        VkMappedMemoryRange newRange;
+        if(GetFlushOrInvalidateRange(alloc, offset, size, newRange))
+        {
+            ranges.push_back(newRange);
+        }
+    }
+
+    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
+    if(!ranges.empty())
+    {
+        switch(op)
+        {
+        case VMA_CACHE_FLUSH:
+            res = (*GetVulkanFunctions().vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges)(m_hDevice, (uint32_t)ranges.size(), ranges.data());
+            break;
+        case VMA_CACHE_INVALIDATE:
+            res = (*GetVulkanFunctions().vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges)(m_hDevice, (uint32_t)ranges.size(), ranges.data());
+            break;
+        default:
+            VMA_ASSERT(0);
+        }
+    }
+    // else: Just ignore this call.
+    return res;
+}
+
+void VmaAllocator_T::FreeDedicatedMemory(const VmaAllocation allocation)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocation && allocation->GetType() == VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED);
+
+    const uint32_t memTypeIndex = allocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex();
+    VmaPool parentPool = allocation->GetParentPool();
+    if(parentPool == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
+        // Default pool
+        m_DedicatedAllocations[memTypeIndex].Unregister(allocation);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Custom pool
+        parentPool->m_DedicatedAllocations.Unregister(allocation);
+    }
+
+    VkDeviceMemory hMemory = allocation->GetMemory();
+
+    /*
+    There is no need to call this, because Vulkan spec allows to skip vkUnmapMemory
+    before vkFreeMemory.
+
+    if(allocation->GetMappedData() != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkUnmapMemory)(m_hDevice, hMemory);
+    }
+    */
+
+    FreeVulkanMemory(memTypeIndex, allocation->GetSize(), hMemory);
+
+    m_Budget.RemoveAllocation(MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(allocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex()), allocation->GetSize());
+    m_AllocationObjectAllocator.Free(allocation);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Freed DedicatedMemory MemoryTypeIndex=%u", memTypeIndex);
+}
+
+uint32_t VmaAllocator_T::CalculateGpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits() const
+{
+    VkBufferCreateInfo dummyBufCreateInfo;
+    VmaFillGpuDefragmentationBufferCreateInfo(dummyBufCreateInfo);
+
+    uint32_t memoryTypeBits = 0;
+
+    // Create buffer.
+    VkBuffer buf = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    VkResult res = (*GetVulkanFunctions().vkCreateBuffer)(
+        m_hDevice, &dummyBufCreateInfo, GetAllocationCallbacks(), &buf);
+    if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        // Query for supported memory types.
+        VkMemoryRequirements memReq;
+        (*GetVulkanFunctions().vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements)(m_hDevice, buf, &memReq);
+        memoryTypeBits = memReq.memoryTypeBits;
+
+        // Destroy buffer.
+        (*GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyBuffer)(m_hDevice, buf, GetAllocationCallbacks());
+    }
+
+    return memoryTypeBits;
+}
+
+uint32_t VmaAllocator_T::CalculateGlobalMemoryTypeBits() const
+{
+    // Make sure memory information is already fetched.
+    VMA_ASSERT(GetMemoryTypeCount() > 0);
+
+    uint32_t memoryTypeBits = UINT32_MAX;
+
+    if(!m_UseAmdDeviceCoherentMemory)
+    {
+        // Exclude memory types that have VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_COHERENT_BIT_AMD.
+        for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)
+        {
+            if((m_MemProps.memoryTypes[memTypeIndex].propertyFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_COHERENT_BIT_AMD_COPY) != 0)
+            {
+                memoryTypeBits &= ~(1u << memTypeIndex);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return memoryTypeBits;
+}
+
+bool VmaAllocator_T::GetFlushOrInvalidateRange(
+    VmaAllocation allocation,
+    VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size,
+    VkMappedMemoryRange& outRange) const
+{
+    const uint32_t memTypeIndex = allocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex();
+    if(size > 0 && IsMemoryTypeNonCoherent(memTypeIndex))
+    {
+        const VkDeviceSize nonCoherentAtomSize = m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.nonCoherentAtomSize;
+        const VkDeviceSize allocationSize = allocation->GetSize();
+        VMA_ASSERT(offset <= allocationSize);
+
+        outRange.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MAPPED_MEMORY_RANGE;
+        outRange.pNext = VMA_NULL;
+        outRange.memory = allocation->GetMemory();
+
+        switch(allocation->GetType())
+        {
+        case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:
+            outRange.offset = VmaAlignDown(offset, nonCoherentAtomSize);
+            if(size == VK_WHOLE_SIZE)
+            {
+                outRange.size = allocationSize - outRange.offset;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                VMA_ASSERT(offset + size <= allocationSize);
+                outRange.size = VMA_MIN(
+                    VmaAlignUp(size + (offset - outRange.offset), nonCoherentAtomSize),
+                    allocationSize - outRange.offset);
+            }
+            break;
+        case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:
+        {
+            // 1. Still within this allocation.
+            outRange.offset = VmaAlignDown(offset, nonCoherentAtomSize);
+            if(size == VK_WHOLE_SIZE)
+            {
+                size = allocationSize - offset;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                VMA_ASSERT(offset + size <= allocationSize);
+            }
+            outRange.size = VmaAlignUp(size + (offset - outRange.offset), nonCoherentAtomSize);
+
+            // 2. Adjust to whole block.
+            const VkDeviceSize allocationOffset = allocation->GetOffset();
+            VMA_ASSERT(allocationOffset % nonCoherentAtomSize == 0);
+            const VkDeviceSize blockSize = allocation->GetBlock()->m_pMetadata->GetSize();
+            outRange.offset += allocationOffset;
+            outRange.size = VMA_MIN(outRange.size, blockSize - outRange.offset);
+
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            VMA_ASSERT(0);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+#if VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
+void VmaAllocator_T::UpdateVulkanBudget()
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(m_UseExtMemoryBudget);
+
+    VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR memProps = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MEMORY_PROPERTIES_2_KHR };
+
+    VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryBudgetPropertiesEXT budgetProps = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MEMORY_BUDGET_PROPERTIES_EXT };
+    VmaPnextChainPushFront(&memProps, &budgetProps);
+
+    GetVulkanFunctions().vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR(m_PhysicalDevice, &memProps);
+
+    {
+        VmaMutexLockWrite lockWrite(m_Budget.m_BudgetMutex, m_UseMutex);
+
+        for(uint32_t heapIndex = 0; heapIndex < GetMemoryHeapCount(); ++heapIndex)
+        {
+            m_Budget.m_VulkanUsage[heapIndex] = budgetProps.heapUsage[heapIndex];
+            m_Budget.m_VulkanBudget[heapIndex] = budgetProps.heapBudget[heapIndex];
+            m_Budget.m_BlockBytesAtBudgetFetch[heapIndex] = m_Budget.m_BlockBytes[heapIndex].load();
+
+            // Some bugged drivers return the budget incorrectly, e.g. 0 or much bigger than heap size.
+            if(m_Budget.m_VulkanBudget[heapIndex] == 0)
+            {
+                m_Budget.m_VulkanBudget[heapIndex] = m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size * 8 / 10; // 80% heuristics.
+            }
+            else if(m_Budget.m_VulkanBudget[heapIndex] > m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size)
+            {
+                m_Budget.m_VulkanBudget[heapIndex] = m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size;
+            }
+            if(m_Budget.m_VulkanUsage[heapIndex] == 0 && m_Budget.m_BlockBytesAtBudgetFetch[heapIndex] > 0)
+            {
+                m_Budget.m_VulkanUsage[heapIndex] = m_Budget.m_BlockBytesAtBudgetFetch[heapIndex];
+            }
+        }
+        m_Budget.m_OperationsSinceBudgetFetch = 0;
+    }
+}
+#endif // VMA_MEMORY_BUDGET
+
+void VmaAllocator_T::FillAllocation(const VmaAllocation hAllocation, uint8_t pattern)
+{
+    if(VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS &&
+        (m_MemProps.memoryTypes[hAllocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex()].propertyFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) != 0)
+    {
+        void* pData = VMA_NULL;
+        VkResult res = Map(hAllocation, &pData);
+        if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            memset(pData, (int)pattern, (size_t)hAllocation->GetSize());
+            FlushOrInvalidateAllocation(hAllocation, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE, VMA_CACHE_FLUSH);
+            Unmap(hAllocation);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS is enabled, but couldn't map memory to fill allocation.");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+uint32_t VmaAllocator_T::GetGpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits()
+{
+    uint32_t memoryTypeBits = m_GpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits.load();
+    if(memoryTypeBits == UINT32_MAX)
+    {
+        memoryTypeBits = CalculateGpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits();
+        m_GpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits.store(memoryTypeBits);
+    }
+    return memoryTypeBits;
+}
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+void VmaAllocator_T::PrintDetailedMap(VmaJsonWriter& json)
+{
+    json.WriteString("DefaultPools");
+    json.BeginObject();
+    {
+        for (uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)
+        {
+            VmaBlockVector* pBlockVector = m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex];
+            VmaDedicatedAllocationList& dedicatedAllocList = m_DedicatedAllocations[memTypeIndex];
+            if (pBlockVector != VMA_NULL)
+            {
+                json.BeginString("Type ");
+                json.ContinueString(memTypeIndex);
+                json.EndString();
+                json.BeginObject();
+                {
+                    json.WriteString("PreferredBlockSize");
+                    json.WriteNumber(pBlockVector->GetPreferredBlockSize());
+
+                    json.WriteString("Blocks");
+                    pBlockVector->PrintDetailedMap(json);
+
+                    json.WriteString("DedicatedAllocations");
+                    dedicatedAllocList.BuildStatsString(json);
+                }
+                json.EndObject();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    json.EndObject();
+
+    json.WriteString("CustomPools");
+    json.BeginObject();
+    {
+        VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_PoolsMutex, m_UseMutex);
+        if (!m_Pools.IsEmpty())
+        {
+            for (uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)
+            {
+                bool displayType = true;
+                size_t index = 0;
+                for (VmaPool pool = m_Pools.Front(); pool != VMA_NULL; pool = m_Pools.GetNext(pool))
+                {
+                    VmaBlockVector& blockVector = pool->m_BlockVector;
+                    if (blockVector.GetMemoryTypeIndex() == memTypeIndex)
+                    {
+                        if (displayType)
+                        {
+                            json.BeginString("Type ");
+                            json.ContinueString(memTypeIndex);
+                            json.EndString();
+                            json.BeginArray();
+                            displayType = false;
+                        }
+
+                        json.BeginObject();
+                        {
+                            json.WriteString("Name");
+                            json.BeginString();
+                            json.ContinueString_Size(index++);
+                            if (pool->GetName())
+                            {
+                                json.ContinueString(" - ");
+                                json.ContinueString(pool->GetName());
+                            }
+                            json.EndString();
+
+                            json.WriteString("PreferredBlockSize");
+                            json.WriteNumber(blockVector.GetPreferredBlockSize());
+
+                            json.WriteString("Blocks");
+                            blockVector.PrintDetailedMap(json);
+
+                            json.WriteString("DedicatedAllocations");
+                            pool->m_DedicatedAllocations.BuildStatsString(json);
+                        }
+                        json.EndObject();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!displayType)
+                    json.EndArray();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    json.EndObject();
+}
+#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+#endif // _VMA_ALLOCATOR_T_FUNCTIONS
+
+
+#ifndef _VMA_PUBLIC_INTERFACE
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateAllocator(
+    const VmaAllocatorCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,
+    VmaAllocator* pAllocator)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(pCreateInfo && pAllocator);
+    VMA_ASSERT(pCreateInfo->vulkanApiVersion == 0 ||
+        (VK_VERSION_MAJOR(pCreateInfo->vulkanApiVersion) == 1 && VK_VERSION_MINOR(pCreateInfo->vulkanApiVersion) <= 3));
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCreateAllocator");
+    *pAllocator = vma_new(pCreateInfo->pAllocationCallbacks, VmaAllocator_T)(pCreateInfo);
+    VkResult result = (*pAllocator)->Init(pCreateInfo);
+    if(result < 0)
+    {
+        vma_delete(pCreateInfo->pAllocationCallbacks, *pAllocator);
+        *pAllocator = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaDestroyAllocator(
+    VmaAllocator allocator)
+{
+    if(allocator != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
+        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaDestroyAllocator");
+        VkAllocationCallbacks allocationCallbacks = allocator->m_AllocationCallbacks; // Have to copy the callbacks when destroying.
+        vma_delete(&allocationCallbacks, allocator);
+    }
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetAllocatorInfo(VmaAllocator allocator, VmaAllocatorInfo* pAllocatorInfo)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pAllocatorInfo);
+    pAllocatorInfo->instance = allocator->m_hInstance;
+    pAllocatorInfo->physicalDevice = allocator->GetPhysicalDevice();
+    pAllocatorInfo->device = allocator->m_hDevice;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    const VkPhysicalDeviceProperties **ppPhysicalDeviceProperties)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && ppPhysicalDeviceProperties);
+    *ppPhysicalDeviceProperties = &allocator->m_PhysicalDeviceProperties;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetMemoryProperties(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    const VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties** ppPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && ppPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties);
+    *ppPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties = &allocator->m_MemProps;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetMemoryTypeProperties(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,
+    VkMemoryPropertyFlags* pFlags)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pFlags);
+    VMA_ASSERT(memoryTypeIndex < allocator->GetMemoryTypeCount());
+    *pFlags = allocator->m_MemProps.memoryTypes[memoryTypeIndex].propertyFlags;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaSetCurrentFrameIndex(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    uint32_t frameIndex)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    allocator->SetCurrentFrameIndex(frameIndex);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaCalculateStatistics(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VmaTotalStatistics* pStats)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pStats);
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+    allocator->CalculateStatistics(pStats);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetHeapBudgets(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VmaBudget* pBudgets)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pBudgets);
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+    allocator->GetHeapBudgets(pBudgets, 0, allocator->GetMemoryHeapCount());
+}
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaBuildStatsString(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    char** ppStatsString,
+    VkBool32 detailedMap)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && ppStatsString);
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    VmaStringBuilder sb(allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
+    {
+        VmaBudget budgets[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];
+        allocator->GetHeapBudgets(budgets, 0, allocator->GetMemoryHeapCount());
+
+        VmaTotalStatistics stats;
+        allocator->CalculateStatistics(&stats);
+
+        VmaJsonWriter json(allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(), sb);
+        json.BeginObject();
+        {
+            json.WriteString("General");
+            json.BeginObject();
+            {
+                const VkPhysicalDeviceProperties& deviceProperties = allocator->m_PhysicalDeviceProperties;
+                const VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties& memoryProperties = allocator->m_MemProps;
+
+                json.WriteString("API");
+                json.WriteString("Vulkan");
+
+                json.WriteString("apiVersion");
+                json.BeginString();
+                json.ContinueString(VK_API_VERSION_MAJOR(deviceProperties.apiVersion));
+                json.ContinueString(".");
+                json.ContinueString(VK_API_VERSION_MINOR(deviceProperties.apiVersion));
+                json.ContinueString(".");
+                json.ContinueString(VK_API_VERSION_PATCH(deviceProperties.apiVersion));
+                json.EndString();
+
+                json.WriteString("GPU");
+                json.WriteString(deviceProperties.deviceName);
+                json.WriteString("deviceType");
+                json.WriteNumber(static_cast<uint32_t>(deviceProperties.deviceType));
+
+                json.WriteString("maxMemoryAllocationCount");
+                json.WriteNumber(deviceProperties.limits.maxMemoryAllocationCount);
+                json.WriteString("bufferImageGranularity");
+                json.WriteNumber(deviceProperties.limits.bufferImageGranularity);
+                json.WriteString("nonCoherentAtomSize");
+                json.WriteNumber(deviceProperties.limits.nonCoherentAtomSize);
+
+                json.WriteString("memoryHeapCount");
+                json.WriteNumber(memoryProperties.memoryHeapCount);
+                json.WriteString("memoryTypeCount");
+                json.WriteNumber(memoryProperties.memoryTypeCount);
+            }
+            json.EndObject();
+        }
+        {
+            json.WriteString("Total");
+            VmaPrintDetailedStatistics(json, stats.total);
+        }
+        {
+            json.WriteString("MemoryInfo");
+            json.BeginObject();
+            {
+                for (uint32_t heapIndex = 0; heapIndex < allocator->GetMemoryHeapCount(); ++heapIndex)
+                {
+                    json.BeginString("Heap ");
+                    json.ContinueString(heapIndex);
+                    json.EndString();
+                    json.BeginObject();
+                    {
+                        const VkMemoryHeap& heapInfo = allocator->m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex];
+                        json.WriteString("Flags");
+                        json.BeginArray(true);
+                        {
+                            if (heapInfo.flags & VK_MEMORY_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT)
+                                json.WriteString("DEVICE_LOCAL");
+                        #if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+                            if (heapInfo.flags & VK_MEMORY_HEAP_MULTI_INSTANCE_BIT)
+                                json.WriteString("MULTI_INSTANCE");
+                        #endif
+
+                            VkMemoryHeapFlags flags = heapInfo.flags &
+                                ~(VK_MEMORY_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT
+                        #if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+                                    | VK_MEMORY_HEAP_MULTI_INSTANCE_BIT
+                        #endif
+                                    );
+                            if (flags != 0)
+                                json.WriteNumber(flags);
+                        }
+                        json.EndArray();
+
+                        json.WriteString("Size");
+                        json.WriteNumber(heapInfo.size);
+
+                        json.WriteString("Budget");
+                        json.BeginObject();
+                        {
+                            json.WriteString("BudgetBytes");
+                            json.WriteNumber(budgets[heapIndex].budget);
+                            json.WriteString("UsageBytes");
+                            json.WriteNumber(budgets[heapIndex].usage);
+                        }
+                        json.EndObject();
+
+                        json.WriteString("Stats");
+                        VmaPrintDetailedStatistics(json, stats.memoryHeap[heapIndex]);
+
+                        json.WriteString("MemoryPools");
+                        json.BeginObject();
+                        {
+                            for (uint32_t typeIndex = 0; typeIndex < allocator->GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++typeIndex)
+                            {
+                                if (allocator->MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(typeIndex) == heapIndex)
+                                {
+                                    json.BeginString("Type ");
+                                    json.ContinueString(typeIndex);
+                                    json.EndString();
+                                    json.BeginObject();
+                                    {
+                                        json.WriteString("Flags");
+                                        json.BeginArray(true);
+                                        {
+                                            VkMemoryPropertyFlags flags = allocator->m_MemProps.memoryTypes[typeIndex].propertyFlags;
+                                            if (flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT)
+                                                json.WriteString("DEVICE_LOCAL");
+                                            if (flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT)
+                                                json.WriteString("HOST_VISIBLE");
+                                            if (flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT)
+                                                json.WriteString("HOST_COHERENT");
+                                            if (flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT)
+                                                json.WriteString("HOST_CACHED");
+                                            if (flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT)
+                                                json.WriteString("LAZILY_ALLOCATED");
+                                        #if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+                                            if (flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT)
+                                                json.WriteString("PROTECTED");
+                                        #endif
+                                        #if VK_AMD_device_coherent_memory
+                                            if (flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_COHERENT_BIT_AMD_COPY)
+                                                json.WriteString("DEVICE_COHERENT_AMD");
+                                            if (flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_UNCACHED_BIT_AMD_COPY)
+                                                json.WriteString("DEVICE_UNCACHED_AMD");
+                                        #endif
+
+                                            flags &= ~(VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT
+                                        #if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1001000
+                                                | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT
+                                        #endif
+                                        #if VK_AMD_device_coherent_memory
+                                                | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_COHERENT_BIT_AMD_COPY
+                                                | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_UNCACHED_BIT_AMD_COPY
+                                        #endif
+                                                | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT
+                                                | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT
+                                                | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT);
+                                            if (flags != 0)
+                                                json.WriteNumber(flags);
+                                        }
+                                        json.EndArray();
+
+                                        json.WriteString("Stats");
+                                        VmaPrintDetailedStatistics(json, stats.memoryType[typeIndex]);
+                                    }
+                                    json.EndObject();
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                        }
+                        json.EndObject();
+                    }
+                    json.EndObject();
+                }
+            }
+            json.EndObject();
+        }
+
+        if (detailedMap == VK_TRUE)
+            allocator->PrintDetailedMap(json);
+
+        json.EndObject();
+    }
+
+    *ppStatsString = VmaCreateStringCopy(allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(), sb.GetData(), sb.GetLength());
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaFreeStatsString(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    char* pStatsString)
+{
+    if(pStatsString != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
+        VmaFreeString(allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(), pStatsString);
+    }
+}
+
+#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+
+/*
+This function is not protected by any mutex because it just reads immutable data.
+*/
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    uint32_t memoryTypeBits,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,
+    uint32_t* pMemoryTypeIndex)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationCreateInfo != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(pMemoryTypeIndex != VMA_NULL);
+
+    return allocator->FindMemoryTypeIndex(memoryTypeBits, pAllocationCreateInfo, UINT32_MAX, pMemoryTypeIndex);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    const VkBufferCreateInfo* pBufferCreateInfo,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,
+    uint32_t* pMemoryTypeIndex)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+    VMA_ASSERT(pBufferCreateInfo != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationCreateInfo != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(pMemoryTypeIndex != VMA_NULL);
+
+    const VkDevice hDev = allocator->m_hDevice;
+    const VmaVulkanFunctions* funcs = &allocator->GetVulkanFunctions();
+    VkResult res;
+
+#if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1003000
+    if(funcs->vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements)
+    {
+        // Can query straight from VkBufferCreateInfo :)
+        VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements devBufMemReq = {VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_BUFFER_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS};
+        devBufMemReq.pCreateInfo = pBufferCreateInfo;
+
+        VkMemoryRequirements2 memReq = {VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2};
+        (*funcs->vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements)(hDev, &devBufMemReq, &memReq);
+
+        res = allocator->FindMemoryTypeIndex(
+            memReq.memoryRequirements.memoryTypeBits, pAllocationCreateInfo, pBufferCreateInfo->usage, pMemoryTypeIndex);
+    }
+    else
+#endif // #if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1003000
+    {
+        // Must create a dummy buffer to query :(
+        VkBuffer hBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        res = funcs->vkCreateBuffer(
+            hDev, pBufferCreateInfo, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(), &hBuffer);
+        if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            VkMemoryRequirements memReq = {};
+            funcs->vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(hDev, hBuffer, &memReq);
+
+            res = allocator->FindMemoryTypeIndex(
+                memReq.memoryTypeBits, pAllocationCreateInfo, pBufferCreateInfo->usage, pMemoryTypeIndex);
+
+            funcs->vkDestroyBuffer(
+                hDev, hBuffer, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
+        }
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForImageInfo(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    const VkImageCreateInfo* pImageCreateInfo,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,
+    uint32_t* pMemoryTypeIndex)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+    VMA_ASSERT(pImageCreateInfo != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationCreateInfo != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_ASSERT(pMemoryTypeIndex != VMA_NULL);
+
+    const VkDevice hDev = allocator->m_hDevice;
+    const VmaVulkanFunctions* funcs = &allocator->GetVulkanFunctions();
+    VkResult res;
+
+#if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1003000
+    if(funcs->vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements)
+    {
+        // Can query straight from VkImageCreateInfo :)
+        VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements devImgMemReq = {VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_IMAGE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS};
+        devImgMemReq.pCreateInfo = pImageCreateInfo;
+        VMA_ASSERT(pImageCreateInfo->tiling != VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT_COPY && (pImageCreateInfo->flags & VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT_COPY) == 0 &&
+            "Cannot use this VkImageCreateInfo with vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForImageInfo as I don't know what to pass as VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements::planeAspect.");
+
+        VkMemoryRequirements2 memReq = {VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2};
+        (*funcs->vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements)(hDev, &devImgMemReq, &memReq);
+
+        res = allocator->FindMemoryTypeIndex(
+            memReq.memoryRequirements.memoryTypeBits, pAllocationCreateInfo, pImageCreateInfo->usage, pMemoryTypeIndex);
+    }
+    else
+#endif // #if VMA_VULKAN_VERSION >= 1003000
+    {
+        // Must create a dummy image to query :(
+        VkImage hImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        res = funcs->vkCreateImage(
+            hDev, pImageCreateInfo, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(), &hImage);
+        if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            VkMemoryRequirements memReq = {};
+            funcs->vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(hDev, hImage, &memReq);
+
+            res = allocator->FindMemoryTypeIndex(
+                memReq.memoryTypeBits, pAllocationCreateInfo, pImageCreateInfo->usage, pMemoryTypeIndex);
+
+            funcs->vkDestroyImage(
+                hDev, hImage, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
+        }
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreatePool(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    const VmaPoolCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,
+    VmaPool* pPool)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pCreateInfo && pPool);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCreatePool");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    return allocator->CreatePool(pCreateInfo, pPool);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaDestroyPool(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VmaPool pool)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
+
+    if(pool == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaDestroyPool");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    allocator->DestroyPool(pool);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetPoolStatistics(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VmaPool pool,
+    VmaStatistics* pPoolStats)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pool && pPoolStats);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    allocator->GetPoolStatistics(pool, pPoolStats);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaCalculatePoolStatistics(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VmaPool pool,
+    VmaDetailedStatistics* pPoolStats)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pool && pPoolStats);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    allocator->CalculatePoolStatistics(pool, pPoolStats);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCheckPoolCorruption(VmaAllocator allocator, VmaPool pool)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pool);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCheckPoolCorruption");
+
+    return allocator->CheckPoolCorruption(pool);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetPoolName(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VmaPool pool,
+    const char** ppName)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pool && ppName);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaGetPoolName");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    *ppName = pool->GetName();
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaSetPoolName(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VmaPool pool,
+    const char* pName)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pool);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaSetPoolName");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    pool->SetName(pName);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaAllocateMemory(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    const VkMemoryRequirements* pVkMemoryRequirements,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,
+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,
+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pVkMemoryRequirements && pCreateInfo && pAllocation);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaAllocateMemory");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    VkResult result = allocator->AllocateMemory(
+        *pVkMemoryRequirements,
+        false, // requiresDedicatedAllocation
+        false, // prefersDedicatedAllocation
+        VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedBuffer
+        VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedImage
+        UINT32_MAX, // dedicatedBufferImageUsage
+        *pCreateInfo,
+        VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
+        1, // allocationCount
+        pAllocation);
+
+    if(pAllocationInfo != VMA_NULL && result == VK_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        allocator->GetAllocationInfo(*pAllocation, pAllocationInfo);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaAllocateMemoryPages(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    const VkMemoryRequirements* pVkMemoryRequirements,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,
+    size_t allocationCount,
+    VmaAllocation* pAllocations,
+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)
+{
+    if(allocationCount == 0)
+    {
+        return VK_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pVkMemoryRequirements && pCreateInfo && pAllocations);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaAllocateMemoryPages");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    VkResult result = allocator->AllocateMemory(
+        *pVkMemoryRequirements,
+        false, // requiresDedicatedAllocation
+        false, // prefersDedicatedAllocation
+        VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedBuffer
+        VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedImage
+        UINT32_MAX, // dedicatedBufferImageUsage
+        *pCreateInfo,
+        VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
+        allocationCount,
+        pAllocations);
+
+    if(pAllocationInfo != VMA_NULL && result == VK_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        for(size_t i = 0; i < allocationCount; ++i)
+        {
+            allocator->GetAllocationInfo(pAllocations[i], pAllocationInfo + i);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VkBuffer buffer,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,
+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,
+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && buffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE && pCreateInfo && pAllocation);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    VkMemoryRequirements vkMemReq = {};
+    bool requiresDedicatedAllocation = false;
+    bool prefersDedicatedAllocation = false;
+    allocator->GetBufferMemoryRequirements(buffer, vkMemReq,
+        requiresDedicatedAllocation,
+        prefersDedicatedAllocation);
+
+    VkResult result = allocator->AllocateMemory(
+        vkMemReq,
+        requiresDedicatedAllocation,
+        prefersDedicatedAllocation,
+        buffer, // dedicatedBuffer
+        VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedImage
+        UINT32_MAX, // dedicatedBufferImageUsage
+        *pCreateInfo,
+        VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_BUFFER,
+        1, // allocationCount
+        pAllocation);
+
+    if(pAllocationInfo && result == VK_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        allocator->GetAllocationInfo(*pAllocation, pAllocationInfo);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaAllocateMemoryForImage(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VkImage image,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,
+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,
+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && image != VK_NULL_HANDLE && pCreateInfo && pAllocation);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaAllocateMemoryForImage");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    VkMemoryRequirements vkMemReq = {};
+    bool requiresDedicatedAllocation = false;
+    bool prefersDedicatedAllocation  = false;
+    allocator->GetImageMemoryRequirements(image, vkMemReq,
+        requiresDedicatedAllocation, prefersDedicatedAllocation);
+
+    VkResult result = allocator->AllocateMemory(
+        vkMemReq,
+        requiresDedicatedAllocation,
+        prefersDedicatedAllocation,
+        VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedBuffer
+        image, // dedicatedImage
+        UINT32_MAX, // dedicatedBufferImageUsage
+        *pCreateInfo,
+        VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_UNKNOWN,
+        1, // allocationCount
+        pAllocation);
+
+    if(pAllocationInfo && result == VK_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        allocator->GetAllocationInfo(*pAllocation, pAllocationInfo);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaFreeMemory(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VmaAllocation allocation)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
+
+    if(allocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaFreeMemory");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    allocator->FreeMemory(
+        1, // allocationCount
+        &allocation);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaFreeMemoryPages(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    size_t allocationCount,
+    const VmaAllocation* pAllocations)
+{
+    if(allocationCount == 0)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaFreeMemoryPages");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    allocator->FreeMemory(allocationCount, pAllocations);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetAllocationInfo(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VmaAllocation allocation,
+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation && pAllocationInfo);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    allocator->GetAllocationInfo(allocation, pAllocationInfo);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaSetAllocationUserData(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VmaAllocation allocation,
+    void* pUserData)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    allocation->SetUserData(allocator, pUserData);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaSetAllocationName(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
+    const char* VMA_NULLABLE pName)
+{
+    allocation->SetName(allocator, pName);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetAllocationMemoryProperties(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
+    VkMemoryPropertyFlags* VMA_NOT_NULL pFlags)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation && pFlags);
+    const uint32_t memTypeIndex = allocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex();
+    *pFlags = allocator->m_MemProps.memoryTypes[memTypeIndex].propertyFlags;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaMapMemory(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VmaAllocation allocation,
+    void** ppData)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation && ppData);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    return allocator->Map(allocation, ppData);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaUnmapMemory(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VmaAllocation allocation)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    allocator->Unmap(allocation);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaFlushAllocation(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VmaAllocation allocation,
+    VkDeviceSize offset,
+    VkDeviceSize size)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaFlushAllocation");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    const VkResult res = allocator->FlushOrInvalidateAllocation(allocation, offset, size, VMA_CACHE_FLUSH);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaInvalidateAllocation(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VmaAllocation allocation,
+    VkDeviceSize offset,
+    VkDeviceSize size)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaInvalidateAllocation");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    const VkResult res = allocator->FlushOrInvalidateAllocation(allocation, offset, size, VMA_CACHE_INVALIDATE);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaFlushAllocations(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    uint32_t allocationCount,
+    const VmaAllocation* allocations,
+    const VkDeviceSize* offsets,
+    const VkDeviceSize* sizes)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
+
+    if(allocationCount == 0)
+    {
+        return VK_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocations);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaFlushAllocations");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    const VkResult res = allocator->FlushOrInvalidateAllocations(allocationCount, allocations, offsets, sizes, VMA_CACHE_FLUSH);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaInvalidateAllocations(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    uint32_t allocationCount,
+    const VmaAllocation* allocations,
+    const VkDeviceSize* offsets,
+    const VkDeviceSize* sizes)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
+
+    if(allocationCount == 0)
+    {
+        return VK_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocations);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaInvalidateAllocations");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    const VkResult res = allocator->FlushOrInvalidateAllocations(allocationCount, allocations, offsets, sizes, VMA_CACHE_INVALIDATE);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCheckCorruption(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    uint32_t memoryTypeBits)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCheckCorruption");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    return allocator->CheckCorruption(memoryTypeBits);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBeginDefragmentation(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    const VmaDefragmentationInfo* pInfo,
+    VmaDefragmentationContext* pContext)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pInfo && pContext);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaBeginDefragmentation");
+
+    if (pInfo->pool != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        // Check if run on supported algorithms
+        if (pInfo->pool->m_BlockVector.GetAlgorithm() & VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT)
+            return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;
+    }
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    *pContext = vma_new(allocator, VmaDefragmentationContext_T)(allocator, *pInfo);
+    return VK_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaEndDefragmentation(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VmaDefragmentationContext context,
+    VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && context);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaEndDefragmentation");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    if (pStats)
+        context->GetStats(*pStats);
+    vma_delete(allocator, context);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBeginDefragmentationPass(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaDefragmentationContext VMA_NOT_NULL context,
+    VmaDefragmentationPassMoveInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pPassInfo)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(context && pPassInfo);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaBeginDefragmentationPass");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    return context->DefragmentPassBegin(*pPassInfo);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaEndDefragmentationPass(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaDefragmentationContext VMA_NOT_NULL context,
+    VmaDefragmentationPassMoveInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pPassInfo)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(context && pPassInfo);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaEndDefragmentationPass");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    return context->DefragmentPassEnd(*pPassInfo);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBindBufferMemory(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VmaAllocation allocation,
+    VkBuffer buffer)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation && buffer);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaBindBufferMemory");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    return allocator->BindBufferMemory(allocation, 0, buffer, VMA_NULL);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBindBufferMemory2(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VmaAllocation allocation,
+    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
+    VkBuffer buffer,
+    const void* pNext)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation && buffer);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaBindBufferMemory2");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    return allocator->BindBufferMemory(allocation, allocationLocalOffset, buffer, pNext);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBindImageMemory(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VmaAllocation allocation,
+    VkImage image)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation && image);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaBindImageMemory");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    return allocator->BindImageMemory(allocation, 0, image, VMA_NULL);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaBindImageMemory2(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VmaAllocation allocation,
+    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,
+    VkImage image,
+    const void* pNext)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation && image);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaBindImageMemory2");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+        return allocator->BindImageMemory(allocation, allocationLocalOffset, image, pNext);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateBuffer(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    const VkBufferCreateInfo* pBufferCreateInfo,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,
+    VkBuffer* pBuffer,
+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,
+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pBufferCreateInfo && pAllocationCreateInfo && pBuffer && pAllocation);
+
+    if(pBufferCreateInfo->size == 0)
+    {
+        return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
+    }
+    if((pBufferCreateInfo->usage & VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT_COPY) != 0 &&
+        !allocator->m_UseKhrBufferDeviceAddress)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Creating a buffer with VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT is not valid if VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT was not used.");
+        return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCreateBuffer");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    *pBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    *pAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+    // 1. Create VkBuffer.
+    VkResult res = (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkCreateBuffer)(
+        allocator->m_hDevice,
+        pBufferCreateInfo,
+        allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(),
+        pBuffer);
+    if(res >= 0)
+    {
+        // 2. vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements.
+        VkMemoryRequirements vkMemReq = {};
+        bool requiresDedicatedAllocation = false;
+        bool prefersDedicatedAllocation  = false;
+        allocator->GetBufferMemoryRequirements(*pBuffer, vkMemReq,
+            requiresDedicatedAllocation, prefersDedicatedAllocation);
+
+        // 3. Allocate memory using allocator.
+        res = allocator->AllocateMemory(
+            vkMemReq,
+            requiresDedicatedAllocation,
+            prefersDedicatedAllocation,
+            *pBuffer, // dedicatedBuffer
+            VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedImage
+            pBufferCreateInfo->usage, // dedicatedBufferImageUsage
+            *pAllocationCreateInfo,
+            VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_BUFFER,
+            1, // allocationCount
+            pAllocation);
+
+        if(res >= 0)
+        {
+            // 3. Bind buffer with memory.
+            if((pAllocationCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DONT_BIND_BIT) == 0)
+            {
+                res = allocator->BindBufferMemory(*pAllocation, 0, *pBuffer, VMA_NULL);
+            }
+            if(res >= 0)
+            {
+                // All steps succeeded.
+                #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+                    (*pAllocation)->InitBufferImageUsage(pBufferCreateInfo->usage);
+                #endif
+                if(pAllocationInfo != VMA_NULL)
+                {
+                    allocator->GetAllocationInfo(*pAllocation, pAllocationInfo);
+                }
+
+                return VK_SUCCESS;
+            }
+            allocator->FreeMemory(
+                1, // allocationCount
+                pAllocation);
+            *pAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyBuffer)(allocator->m_hDevice, *pBuffer, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
+            *pBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            return res;
+        }
+        (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyBuffer)(allocator->m_hDevice, *pBuffer, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
+        *pBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        return res;
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateBufferWithAlignment(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    const VkBufferCreateInfo* pBufferCreateInfo,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,
+    VkDeviceSize minAlignment,
+    VkBuffer* pBuffer,
+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,
+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pBufferCreateInfo && pAllocationCreateInfo && VmaIsPow2(minAlignment) && pBuffer && pAllocation);
+
+    if(pBufferCreateInfo->size == 0)
+    {
+        return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
+    }
+    if((pBufferCreateInfo->usage & VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT_COPY) != 0 &&
+        !allocator->m_UseKhrBufferDeviceAddress)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Creating a buffer with VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT is not valid if VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT was not used.");
+        return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCreateBufferWithAlignment");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    *pBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    *pAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+    // 1. Create VkBuffer.
+    VkResult res = (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkCreateBuffer)(
+        allocator->m_hDevice,
+        pBufferCreateInfo,
+        allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(),
+        pBuffer);
+    if(res >= 0)
+    {
+        // 2. vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements.
+        VkMemoryRequirements vkMemReq = {};
+        bool requiresDedicatedAllocation = false;
+        bool prefersDedicatedAllocation  = false;
+        allocator->GetBufferMemoryRequirements(*pBuffer, vkMemReq,
+            requiresDedicatedAllocation, prefersDedicatedAllocation);
+
+        // 2a. Include minAlignment
+        vkMemReq.alignment = VMA_MAX(vkMemReq.alignment, minAlignment);
+
+        // 3. Allocate memory using allocator.
+        res = allocator->AllocateMemory(
+            vkMemReq,
+            requiresDedicatedAllocation,
+            prefersDedicatedAllocation,
+            *pBuffer, // dedicatedBuffer
+            VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedImage
+            pBufferCreateInfo->usage, // dedicatedBufferImageUsage
+            *pAllocationCreateInfo,
+            VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_BUFFER,
+            1, // allocationCount
+            pAllocation);
+
+        if(res >= 0)
+        {
+            // 3. Bind buffer with memory.
+            if((pAllocationCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DONT_BIND_BIT) == 0)
+            {
+                res = allocator->BindBufferMemory(*pAllocation, 0, *pBuffer, VMA_NULL);
+            }
+            if(res >= 0)
+            {
+                // All steps succeeded.
+                #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+                    (*pAllocation)->InitBufferImageUsage(pBufferCreateInfo->usage);
+                #endif
+                if(pAllocationInfo != VMA_NULL)
+                {
+                    allocator->GetAllocationInfo(*pAllocation, pAllocationInfo);
+                }
+
+                return VK_SUCCESS;
+            }
+            allocator->FreeMemory(
+                1, // allocationCount
+                pAllocation);
+            *pAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyBuffer)(allocator->m_hDevice, *pBuffer, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
+            *pBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            return res;
+        }
+        (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyBuffer)(allocator->m_hDevice, *pBuffer, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
+        *pBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        return res;
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateAliasingBuffer(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
+    const VkBufferCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pBufferCreateInfo,
+    VkBuffer VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pBuffer)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pBufferCreateInfo && pBuffer && allocation);
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCreateAliasingBuffer");
+
+    *pBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+    if (pBufferCreateInfo->size == 0)
+    {
+        return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
+    }
+    if ((pBufferCreateInfo->usage & VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT_COPY) != 0 &&
+        !allocator->m_UseKhrBufferDeviceAddress)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Creating a buffer with VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT is not valid if VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT was not used.");
+        return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    // 1. Create VkBuffer.
+    VkResult res = (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkCreateBuffer)(
+        allocator->m_hDevice,
+        pBufferCreateInfo,
+        allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(),
+        pBuffer);
+    if (res >= 0)
+    {
+        // 2. Bind buffer with memory.
+        res = allocator->BindBufferMemory(allocation, 0, *pBuffer, VMA_NULL);
+        if (res >= 0)
+        {
+            return VK_SUCCESS;
+        }
+        (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyBuffer)(allocator->m_hDevice, *pBuffer, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaDestroyBuffer(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    VkBuffer buffer,
+    VmaAllocation allocation)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
+
+    if(buffer == VK_NULL_HANDLE && allocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaDestroyBuffer");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    if(buffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
+        (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyBuffer)(allocator->m_hDevice, buffer, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
+    }
+
+    if(allocation != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
+        allocator->FreeMemory(
+            1, // allocationCount
+            &allocation);
+    }
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateImage(
+    VmaAllocator allocator,
+    const VkImageCreateInfo* pImageCreateInfo,
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,
+    VkImage* pImage,
+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,
+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pImageCreateInfo && pAllocationCreateInfo && pImage && pAllocation);
+
+    if(pImageCreateInfo->extent.width == 0 ||
+        pImageCreateInfo->extent.height == 0 ||
+        pImageCreateInfo->extent.depth == 0 ||
+        pImageCreateInfo->mipLevels == 0 ||
+        pImageCreateInfo->arrayLayers == 0)
+    {
+        return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCreateImage");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    *pImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    *pAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+    // 1. Create VkImage.
+    VkResult res = (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkCreateImage)(
+        allocator->m_hDevice,
+        pImageCreateInfo,
+        allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(),
+        pImage);
+    if(res >= 0)
+    {
+        VmaSuballocationType suballocType = pImageCreateInfo->tiling == VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL ?
+            VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL :
+            VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_LINEAR;
+
+        // 2. Allocate memory using allocator.
+        VkMemoryRequirements vkMemReq = {};
+        bool requiresDedicatedAllocation = false;
+        bool prefersDedicatedAllocation  = false;
+        allocator->GetImageMemoryRequirements(*pImage, vkMemReq,
+            requiresDedicatedAllocation, prefersDedicatedAllocation);
+
+        res = allocator->AllocateMemory(
+            vkMemReq,
+            requiresDedicatedAllocation,
+            prefersDedicatedAllocation,
+            VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedBuffer
+            *pImage, // dedicatedImage
+            pImageCreateInfo->usage, // dedicatedBufferImageUsage
+            *pAllocationCreateInfo,
+            suballocType,
+            1, // allocationCount
+            pAllocation);
+
+        if(res >= 0)
+        {
+            // 3. Bind image with memory.
+            if((pAllocationCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DONT_BIND_BIT) == 0)
+            {
+                res = allocator->BindImageMemory(*pAllocation, 0, *pImage, VMA_NULL);
+            }
+            if(res >= 0)
+            {
+                // All steps succeeded.
+                #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+                    (*pAllocation)->InitBufferImageUsage(pImageCreateInfo->usage);
+                #endif
+                if(pAllocationInfo != VMA_NULL)
+                {
+                    allocator->GetAllocationInfo(*pAllocation, pAllocationInfo);
+                }
+
+                return VK_SUCCESS;
+            }
+            allocator->FreeMemory(
+                1, // allocationCount
+                pAllocation);
+            *pAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyImage)(allocator->m_hDevice, *pImage, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
+            *pImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            return res;
+        }
+        (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyImage)(allocator->m_hDevice, *pImage, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
+        *pImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        return res;
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateAliasingImage(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL allocation,
+    const VkImageCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pImageCreateInfo,
+    VkImage VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pImage)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pImageCreateInfo && pImage && allocation);
+
+    *pImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCreateImage");
+
+    if (pImageCreateInfo->extent.width == 0 ||
+        pImageCreateInfo->extent.height == 0 ||
+        pImageCreateInfo->extent.depth == 0 ||
+        pImageCreateInfo->mipLevels == 0 ||
+        pImageCreateInfo->arrayLayers == 0)
+    {
+        return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    // 1. Create VkImage.
+    VkResult res = (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkCreateImage)(
+        allocator->m_hDevice,
+        pImageCreateInfo,
+        allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(),
+        pImage);
+    if (res >= 0)
+    {
+        // 2. Bind image with memory.
+        res = allocator->BindImageMemory(allocation, 0, *pImage, VMA_NULL);
+        if (res >= 0)
+        {
+            return VK_SUCCESS;
+        }
+        (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyImage)(allocator->m_hDevice, *pImage, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaDestroyImage(
+    VmaAllocator VMA_NOT_NULL allocator,
+    VkImage VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE image,
+    VmaAllocation VMA_NULLABLE allocation)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);
+
+    if(image == VK_NULL_HANDLE && allocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaDestroyImage");
+
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK
+
+    if(image != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
+        (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyImage)(allocator->m_hDevice, image, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());
+    }
+    if(allocation != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
+        allocator->FreeMemory(
+            1, // allocationCount
+            &allocation);
+    }
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaCreateVirtualBlock(
+    const VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pCreateInfo,
+    VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NULLABLE * VMA_NOT_NULL pVirtualBlock)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(pCreateInfo && pVirtualBlock);
+    VMA_ASSERT(pCreateInfo->size > 0);
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCreateVirtualBlock");
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
+    *pVirtualBlock = vma_new(pCreateInfo->pAllocationCallbacks, VmaVirtualBlock_T)(*pCreateInfo);
+    VkResult res = (*pVirtualBlock)->Init();
+    if(res < 0)
+    {
+        vma_delete(pCreateInfo->pAllocationCallbacks, *pVirtualBlock);
+        *pVirtualBlock = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaDestroyVirtualBlock(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NULLABLE virtualBlock)
+{
+    if(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
+        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaDestroyVirtualBlock");
+        VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
+        VkAllocationCallbacks allocationCallbacks = virtualBlock->m_AllocationCallbacks; // Have to copy the callbacks when destroying.
+        vma_delete(&allocationCallbacks, virtualBlock);
+    }
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkBool32 VMA_CALL_POST vmaIsVirtualBlockEmpty(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaIsVirtualBlockEmpty");
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
+    return virtualBlock->IsEmpty() ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE;
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetVirtualAllocationInfo(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
+    VmaVirtualAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE allocation, VmaVirtualAllocationInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pVirtualAllocInfo)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE && pVirtualAllocInfo != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaGetVirtualAllocationInfo");
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
+    virtualBlock->GetAllocationInfo(allocation, *pVirtualAllocInfo);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE VkResult VMA_CALL_POST vmaVirtualAllocate(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
+    const VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo* VMA_NOT_NULL pCreateInfo, VmaVirtualAllocation VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE* VMA_NOT_NULL pAllocation,
+    VkDeviceSize* VMA_NULLABLE pOffset)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE && pCreateInfo != VMA_NULL && pAllocation != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaVirtualAllocate");
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
+    return virtualBlock->Allocate(*pCreateInfo, *pAllocation, pOffset);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaVirtualFree(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock, VmaVirtualAllocation VMA_NULLABLE_NON_DISPATCHABLE allocation)
+{
+    if(allocation != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaVirtualFree");
+        VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
+        virtualBlock->Free(allocation);
+    }
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaClearVirtualBlock(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaClearVirtualBlock");
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
+    virtualBlock->Clear();
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaSetVirtualAllocationUserData(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
+    VmaVirtualAllocation VMA_NOT_NULL_NON_DISPATCHABLE allocation, void* VMA_NULLABLE pUserData)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaSetVirtualAllocationUserData");
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
+    virtualBlock->SetAllocationUserData(allocation, pUserData);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaGetVirtualBlockStatistics(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
+    VmaStatistics* VMA_NOT_NULL pStats)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE && pStats != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaGetVirtualBlockStatistics");
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
+    virtualBlock->GetStatistics(*pStats);
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaCalculateVirtualBlockStatistics(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
+    VmaDetailedStatistics* VMA_NOT_NULL pStats)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE && pStats != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCalculateVirtualBlockStatistics");
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
+    virtualBlock->CalculateDetailedStatistics(*pStats);
+}
+
+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaBuildVirtualBlockStatsString(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
+    char* VMA_NULLABLE * VMA_NOT_NULL ppStatsString, VkBool32 detailedMap)
+{
+    VMA_ASSERT(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE && ppStatsString != VMA_NULL);
+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
+    const VkAllocationCallbacks* allocationCallbacks = virtualBlock->GetAllocationCallbacks();
+    VmaStringBuilder sb(allocationCallbacks);
+    virtualBlock->BuildStatsString(detailedMap != VK_FALSE, sb);
+    *ppStatsString = VmaCreateStringCopy(allocationCallbacks, sb.GetData(), sb.GetLength());
+}
+
+VMA_CALL_PRE void VMA_CALL_POST vmaFreeVirtualBlockStatsString(VmaVirtualBlock VMA_NOT_NULL virtualBlock,
+    char* VMA_NULLABLE pStatsString)
+{
+    if(pStatsString != VMA_NULL)
+    {
+        VMA_ASSERT(virtualBlock != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+        VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;
+        VmaFreeString(virtualBlock->GetAllocationCallbacks(), pStatsString);
+    }
+}
+#endif // VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
+#endif // _VMA_PUBLIC_INTERFACE
+#endif // VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+/**
+\page quick_start Quick start
+
+\section quick_start_project_setup Project setup
+
+Vulkan Memory Allocator comes in form of a "stb-style" single header file.
+You don't need to build it as a separate library project.
+You can add this file directly to your project and submit it to code repository next to your other source files.
+
+"Single header" doesn't mean that everything is contained in C/C++ declarations,
+like it tends to be in case of inline functions or C++ templates.
+It means that implementation is bundled with interface in a single file and needs to be extracted using preprocessor macro.
+If you don't do it properly, you will get linker errors.
+
+To do it properly:
+
+-# Include "vk_mem_alloc.h" file in each CPP file where you want to use the library.
+   This includes declarations of all members of the library.
+-# In exactly one CPP file define following macro before this include.
+   It enables also internal definitions.
+
+\code
+#define VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"
+\endcode
+
+It may be a good idea to create dedicated CPP file just for this purpose.
+
+This library includes header `<vulkan/vulkan.h>`, which in turn
+includes `<windows.h>` on Windows. If you need some specific macros defined
+before including these headers (like `WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN` or
+`WINVER` for Windows, `VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR` for Vulkan), you must define
+them before every `#include` of this library.
+
+This library is written in C++, but has C-compatible interface.
+Thus you can include and use vk_mem_alloc.h in C or C++ code, but full
+implementation with `VMA_IMPLEMENTATION` macro must be compiled as C++, NOT as C.
+Some features of C++14 used. STL containers, RTTI, or C++ exceptions are not used.
+
+
+\section quick_start_initialization Initialization
+
+At program startup:
+
+-# Initialize Vulkan to have `VkPhysicalDevice`, `VkDevice` and `VkInstance` object.
+-# Fill VmaAllocatorCreateInfo structure and create #VmaAllocator object by
+   calling vmaCreateAllocator().
+
+Only members `physicalDevice`, `device`, `instance` are required.
+However, you should inform the library which Vulkan version do you use by setting
+VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::vulkanApiVersion and which extensions did you enable
+by setting VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::flags (like #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT for VK_KHR_buffer_device_address).
+Otherwise, VMA would use only features of Vulkan 1.0 core with no extensions.
+
+You may need to configure importing Vulkan functions. There are 3 ways to do this:
+
+-# **If you link with Vulkan static library** (e.g. "vulkan-1.lib" on Windows):
+   - You don't need to do anything.
+   - VMA will use these, as macro `VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS` is defined to 1 by default.
+-# **If you want VMA to fetch pointers to Vulkan functions dynamically** using `vkGetInstanceProcAddr`,
+   `vkGetDeviceProcAddr` (this is the option presented in the example below):
+   - Define `VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS` to 0, `VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS` to 1.
+   - Provide pointers to these two functions via VmaVulkanFunctions::vkGetInstanceProcAddr,
+     VmaVulkanFunctions::vkGetDeviceProcAddr.
+   - The library will fetch pointers to all other functions it needs internally.
+-# **If you fetch pointers to all Vulkan functions in a custom way**, e.g. using some loader like
+   [Volk](https://github.com/zeux/volk):
+   - Define `VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS` and `VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS` to 0.
+   - Pass these pointers via structure #VmaVulkanFunctions.
+
+\code
+VmaVulkanFunctions vulkanFunctions = {};
+vulkanFunctions.vkGetInstanceProcAddr = &vkGetInstanceProcAddr;
+vulkanFunctions.vkGetDeviceProcAddr = &vkGetDeviceProcAddr;
+
+VmaAllocatorCreateInfo allocatorCreateInfo = {};
+allocatorCreateInfo.vulkanApiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_2;
+allocatorCreateInfo.physicalDevice = physicalDevice;
+allocatorCreateInfo.device = device;
+allocatorCreateInfo.instance = instance;
+allocatorCreateInfo.pVulkanFunctions = &vulkanFunctions;
+
+VmaAllocator allocator;
+vmaCreateAllocator(&allocatorCreateInfo, &allocator);
+\endcode
+
+
+\section quick_start_resource_allocation Resource allocation
+
+When you want to create a buffer or image:
+
+-# Fill `VkBufferCreateInfo` / `VkImageCreateInfo` structure.
+-# Fill VmaAllocationCreateInfo structure.
+-# Call vmaCreateBuffer() / vmaCreateImage() to get `VkBuffer`/`VkImage` with memory
+   already allocated and bound to it, plus #VmaAllocation objects that represents its underlying memory.
+
+\code
+VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
+bufferInfo.size = 65536;
+bufferInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
+
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocInfo = {};
+allocInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO;
+
+VkBuffer buffer;
+VmaAllocation allocation;
+vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufferInfo, &allocInfo, &buffer, &allocation, nullptr);
+\endcode
+
+Don't forget to destroy your objects when no longer needed:
+
+\code
+vmaDestroyBuffer(allocator, buffer, allocation);
+vmaDestroyAllocator(allocator);
+\endcode
+
+
+\page choosing_memory_type Choosing memory type
+
+Physical devices in Vulkan support various combinations of memory heaps and
+types. Help with choosing correct and optimal memory type for your specific
+resource is one of the key features of this library. You can use it by filling
+appropriate members of VmaAllocationCreateInfo structure, as described below.
+You can also combine multiple methods.
+
+-# If you just want to find memory type index that meets your requirements, you
+   can use function: vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(),
+   vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForImageInfo(), vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex().
+-# If you want to allocate a region of device memory without association with any
+   specific image or buffer, you can use function vmaAllocateMemory(). Usage of
+   this function is not recommended and usually not needed.
+   vmaAllocateMemoryPages() function is also provided for creating multiple allocations at once,
+   which may be useful for sparse binding.
+-# If you already have a buffer or an image created, you want to allocate memory
+   for it and then you will bind it yourself, you can use function
+   vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer(), vmaAllocateMemoryForImage().
+   For binding you should use functions: vmaBindBufferMemory(), vmaBindImageMemory()
+   or their extended versions: vmaBindBufferMemory2(), vmaBindImageMemory2().
+-# **This is the easiest and recommended way to use this library:**
+   If you want to create a buffer or an image, allocate memory for it and bind
+   them together, all in one call, you can use function vmaCreateBuffer(),
+   vmaCreateImage().
+
+When using 3. or 4., the library internally queries Vulkan for memory types
+supported for that buffer or image (function `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements()`)
+and uses only one of these types.
+
+If no memory type can be found that meets all the requirements, these functions
+return `VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT`.
+
+You can leave VmaAllocationCreateInfo structure completely filled with zeros.
+It means no requirements are specified for memory type.
+It is valid, although not very useful.
+
+\section choosing_memory_type_usage Usage
+
+The easiest way to specify memory requirements is to fill member
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo::usage using one of the values of enum #VmaMemoryUsage.
+It defines high level, common usage types.
+Since version 3 of the library, it is recommended to use #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO to let it select best memory type for your resource automatically.
+
+For example, if you want to create a uniform buffer that will be filled using
+transfer only once or infrequently and then used for rendering every frame as a uniform buffer, you can
+do it using following code. The buffer will most likely end up in a memory type with
+`VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT` to be fast to access by the GPU device.
+
+\code
+VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
+bufferInfo.size = 65536;
+bufferInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
+
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocInfo = {};
+allocInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO;
+
+VkBuffer buffer;
+VmaAllocation allocation;
+vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufferInfo, &allocInfo, &buffer, &allocation, nullptr);
+\endcode
+
+If you have a preference for putting the resource in GPU (device) memory or CPU (host) memory
+on systems with discrete graphics card that have the memories separate, you can use
+#VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_DEVICE or #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_HOST.
+
+When using `VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO*` while you want to map the allocated memory,
+you also need to specify one of the host access flags:
+#VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT or #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT.
+This will help the library decide about preferred memory type to ensure it has `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT`
+so you can map it.
+
+For example, a staging buffer that will be filled via mapped pointer and then
+used as a source of transfer to the buffer decribed previously can be created like this.
+It will likely and up in a memory type that is `HOST_VISIBLE` and `HOST_COHERENT`
+but not `HOST_CACHED` (meaning uncached, write-combined) and not `DEVICE_LOCAL` (meaning system RAM).
+
+\code
+VkBufferCreateInfo stagingBufferInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
+stagingBufferInfo.size = 65536;
+stagingBufferInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
+
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo stagingAllocInfo = {};
+stagingAllocInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO;
+stagingAllocInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT;
+
+VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
+VmaAllocation stagingAllocation;
+vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &stagingBufferInfo, &stagingAllocInfo, &stagingBuffer, &stagingAllocation, nullptr);
+\endcode
+
+For more examples of creating different kinds of resources, see chapter \ref usage_patterns.
+
+Usage values `VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO*` are legal to use only when the library knows
+about the resource being created by having `VkBufferCreateInfo` / `VkImageCreateInfo` passed,
+so they work with functions like: vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage(), vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo() etc.
+If you allocate raw memory using function vmaAllocateMemory(), you have to use other means of selecting
+memory type, as decribed below.
+
+\note
+Old usage values (`VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY`, `VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY`,
+`VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU`, `VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_TO_CPU`, `VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_COPY`)
+are still available and work same way as in previous versions of the library
+for backward compatibility, but they are not recommended.
+
+\section choosing_memory_type_required_preferred_flags Required and preferred flags
+
+You can specify more detailed requirements by filling members
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo::requiredFlags and VmaAllocationCreateInfo::preferredFlags
+with a combination of bits from enum `VkMemoryPropertyFlags`. For example,
+if you want to create a buffer that will be persistently mapped on host (so it
+must be `HOST_VISIBLE`) and preferably will also be `HOST_COHERENT` and `HOST_CACHED`,
+use following code:
+
+\code
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocInfo = {};
+allocInfo.requiredFlags = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT;
+allocInfo.preferredFlags = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT;
+allocInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT | VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;
+
+VkBuffer buffer;
+VmaAllocation allocation;
+vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufferInfo, &allocInfo, &buffer, &allocation, nullptr);
+\endcode
+
+A memory type is chosen that has all the required flags and as many preferred
+flags set as possible.
+
+Value passed in VmaAllocationCreateInfo::usage is internally converted to a set of required and preferred flags,
+plus some extra "magic" (heuristics).
+
+\section choosing_memory_type_explicit_memory_types Explicit memory types
+
+If you inspected memory types available on the physical device and you have
+a preference for memory types that you want to use, you can fill member
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo::memoryTypeBits. It is a bit mask, where each bit set
+means that a memory type with that index is allowed to be used for the
+allocation. Special value 0, just like `UINT32_MAX`, means there are no
+restrictions to memory type index.
+
+Please note that this member is NOT just a memory type index.
+Still you can use it to choose just one, specific memory type.
+For example, if you already determined that your buffer should be created in
+memory type 2, use following code:
+
+\code
+uint32_t memoryTypeIndex = 2;
+
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocInfo = {};
+allocInfo.memoryTypeBits = 1u << memoryTypeIndex;
+
+VkBuffer buffer;
+VmaAllocation allocation;
+vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufferInfo, &allocInfo, &buffer, &allocation, nullptr);
+\endcode
+
+
+\section choosing_memory_type_custom_memory_pools Custom memory pools
+
+If you allocate from custom memory pool, all the ways of specifying memory
+requirements described above are not applicable and the aforementioned members
+of VmaAllocationCreateInfo structure are ignored. Memory type is selected
+explicitly when creating the pool and then used to make all the allocations from
+that pool. For further details, see \ref custom_memory_pools.
+
+\section choosing_memory_type_dedicated_allocations Dedicated allocations
+
+Memory for allocations is reserved out of larger block of `VkDeviceMemory`
+allocated from Vulkan internally. That is the main feature of this whole library.
+You can still request a separate memory block to be created for an allocation,
+just like you would do in a trivial solution without using any allocator.
+In that case, a buffer or image is always bound to that memory at offset 0.
+This is called a "dedicated allocation".
+You can explicitly request it by using flag #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT.
+The library can also internally decide to use dedicated allocation in some cases, e.g.:
+
+- When the size of the allocation is large.
+- When [VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation](@ref vk_khr_dedicated_allocation) extension is enabled
+  and it reports that dedicated allocation is required or recommended for the resource.
+- When allocation of next big memory block fails due to not enough device memory,
+  but allocation with the exact requested size succeeds.
+
+
+\page memory_mapping Memory mapping
+
+To "map memory" in Vulkan means to obtain a CPU pointer to `VkDeviceMemory`,
+to be able to read from it or write to it in CPU code.
+Mapping is possible only of memory allocated from a memory type that has
+`VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` flag.
+Functions `vkMapMemory()`, `vkUnmapMemory()` are designed for this purpose.
+You can use them directly with memory allocated by this library,
+but it is not recommended because of following issue:
+Mapping the same `VkDeviceMemory` block multiple times is illegal - only one mapping at a time is allowed.
+This includes mapping disjoint regions. Mapping is not reference-counted internally by Vulkan.
+Because of this, Vulkan Memory Allocator provides following facilities:
+
+\note If you want to be able to map an allocation, you need to specify one of the flags
+#VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT or #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT
+in VmaAllocationCreateInfo::flags. These flags are required for an allocation to be mappable
+when using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO or other `VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO*` enum values.
+For other usage values they are ignored and every such allocation made in `HOST_VISIBLE` memory type is mappable,
+but they can still be used for consistency.
+
+\section memory_mapping_mapping_functions Mapping functions
+
+The library provides following functions for mapping of a specific #VmaAllocation: vmaMapMemory(), vmaUnmapMemory().
+They are safer and more convenient to use than standard Vulkan functions.
+You can map an allocation multiple times simultaneously - mapping is reference-counted internally.
+You can also map different allocations simultaneously regardless of whether they use the same `VkDeviceMemory` block.
+The way it is implemented is that the library always maps entire memory block, not just region of the allocation.
+For further details, see description of vmaMapMemory() function.
+Example:
+
+\code
+// Having these objects initialized:
+struct ConstantBuffer
+{
+    ...
+};
+ConstantBuffer constantBufferData = ...
+
+VmaAllocator allocator = ...
+VkBuffer constantBuffer = ...
+VmaAllocation constantBufferAllocation = ...
+
+// You can map and fill your buffer using following code:
+
+void* mappedData;
+vmaMapMemory(allocator, constantBufferAllocation, &mappedData);
+memcpy(mappedData, &constantBufferData, sizeof(constantBufferData));
+vmaUnmapMemory(allocator, constantBufferAllocation);
+\endcode
+
+When mapping, you may see a warning from Vulkan validation layer similar to this one:
+
+<i>Mapping an image with layout VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL can result in undefined behavior if this memory is used by the device. Only GENERAL or PREINITIALIZED should be used.</i>
+
+It happens because the library maps entire `VkDeviceMemory` block, where different
+types of images and buffers may end up together, especially on GPUs with unified memory like Intel.
+You can safely ignore it if you are sure you access only memory of the intended
+object that you wanted to map.
+
+
+\section memory_mapping_persistently_mapped_memory Persistently mapped memory
+
+Kepping your memory persistently mapped is generally OK in Vulkan.
+You don't need to unmap it before using its data on the GPU.
+The library provides a special feature designed for that:
+Allocations made with #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT flag set in
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo::flags stay mapped all the time,
+so you can just access CPU pointer to it any time
+without a need to call any "map" or "unmap" function.
+Example:
+
+\code
+VkBufferCreateInfo bufCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
+bufCreateInfo.size = sizeof(ConstantBuffer);
+bufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
+
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
+allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO;
+allocCreateInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT |
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;
+
+VkBuffer buf;
+VmaAllocation alloc;
+VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;
+vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufCreateInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &buf, &alloc, &allocInfo);
+
+// Buffer is already mapped. You can access its memory.
+memcpy(allocInfo.pMappedData, &constantBufferData, sizeof(constantBufferData));
+\endcode
+
+\note #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT by itself doesn't guarantee that the allocation will end up
+in a mappable memory type.
+For this, you need to also specify #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT or
+#VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT.
+#VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT only guarantees that if the memory is `HOST_VISIBLE`, the allocation will be mapped on creation.
+For an example of how to make use of this fact, see section \ref usage_patterns_advanced_data_uploading.
+
+\section memory_mapping_cache_control Cache flush and invalidate
+
+Memory in Vulkan doesn't need to be unmapped before using it on GPU,
+but unless a memory types has `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT` flag set,
+you need to manually **invalidate** cache before reading of mapped pointer
+and **flush** cache after writing to mapped pointer.
+Map/unmap operations don't do that automatically.
+Vulkan provides following functions for this purpose `vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges()`,
+`vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges()`, but this library provides more convenient
+functions that refer to given allocation object: vmaFlushAllocation(),
+vmaInvalidateAllocation(),
+or multiple objects at once: vmaFlushAllocations(), vmaInvalidateAllocations().
+
+Regions of memory specified for flush/invalidate must be aligned to
+`VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::nonCoherentAtomSize`. This is automatically ensured by the library.
+In any memory type that is `HOST_VISIBLE` but not `HOST_COHERENT`, all allocations
+within blocks are aligned to this value, so their offsets are always multiply of
+`nonCoherentAtomSize` and two different allocations never share same "line" of this size.
+
+Also, Windows drivers from all 3 PC GPU vendors (AMD, Intel, NVIDIA)
+currently provide `HOST_COHERENT` flag on all memory types that are
+`HOST_VISIBLE`, so on PC you may not need to bother.
+
+
+\page staying_within_budget Staying within budget
+
+When developing a graphics-intensive game or program, it is important to avoid allocating
+more GPU memory than it is physically available. When the memory is over-committed,
+various bad things can happen, depending on the specific GPU, graphics driver, and
+operating system:
+
+- It may just work without any problems.
+- The application may slow down because some memory blocks are moved to system RAM
+  and the GPU has to access them through PCI Express bus.
+- A new allocation may take very long time to complete, even few seconds, and possibly
+  freeze entire system.
+- The new allocation may fail with `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`.
+- It may even result in GPU crash (TDR), observed as `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`
+  returned somewhere later.
+
+\section staying_within_budget_querying_for_budget Querying for budget
+
+To query for current memory usage and available budget, use function vmaGetHeapBudgets().
+Returned structure #VmaBudget contains quantities expressed in bytes, per Vulkan memory heap.
+
+Please note that this function returns different information and works faster than
+vmaCalculateStatistics(). vmaGetHeapBudgets() can be called every frame or even before every
+allocation, while vmaCalculateStatistics() is intended to be used rarely,
+only to obtain statistical information, e.g. for debugging purposes.
+
+It is recommended to use <b>VK_EXT_memory_budget</b> device extension to obtain information
+about the budget from Vulkan device. VMA is able to use this extension automatically.
+When not enabled, the allocator behaves same way, but then it estimates current usage
+and available budget based on its internal information and Vulkan memory heap sizes,
+which may be less precise. In order to use this extension:
+
+1. Make sure extensions VK_EXT_memory_budget and VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2
+   required by it are available and enable them. Please note that the first is a device
+   extension and the second is instance extension!
+2. Use flag #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_BUDGET_BIT when creating #VmaAllocator object.
+3. Make sure to call vmaSetCurrentFrameIndex() every frame. Budget is queried from
+   Vulkan inside of it to avoid overhead of querying it with every allocation.
+
+\section staying_within_budget_controlling_memory_usage Controlling memory usage
+
+There are many ways in which you can try to stay within the budget.
+
+First, when making new allocation requires allocating a new memory block, the library
+tries not to exceed the budget automatically. If a block with default recommended size
+(e.g. 256 MB) would go over budget, a smaller block is allocated, possibly even
+dedicated memory for just this resource.
+
+If the size of the requested resource plus current memory usage is more than the
+budget, by default the library still tries to create it, leaving it to the Vulkan
+implementation whether the allocation succeeds or fails. You can change this behavior
+by using #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_WITHIN_BUDGET_BIT flag. With it, the allocation is
+not made if it would exceed the budget or if the budget is already exceeded.
+VMA then tries to make the allocation from the next eligible Vulkan memory type.
+The all of them fail, the call then fails with `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`.
+Example usage pattern may be to pass the #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_WITHIN_BUDGET_BIT flag
+when creating resources that are not essential for the application (e.g. the texture
+of a specific object) and not to pass it when creating critically important resources
+(e.g. render targets).
+
+On AMD graphics cards there is a custom vendor extension available: <b>VK_AMD_memory_overallocation_behavior</b>
+that allows to control the behavior of the Vulkan implementation in out-of-memory cases -
+whether it should fail with an error code or still allow the allocation.
+Usage of this extension involves only passing extra structure on Vulkan device creation,
+so it is out of scope of this library.
+
+Finally, you can also use #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT flag to make sure
+a new allocation is created only when it fits inside one of the existing memory blocks.
+If it would require to allocate a new block, if fails instead with `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`.
+This also ensures that the function call is very fast because it never goes to Vulkan
+to obtain a new block.
+
+\note Creating \ref custom_memory_pools with VmaPoolCreateInfo::minBlockCount
+set to more than 0 will currently try to allocate memory blocks without checking whether they
+fit within budget.
+
+
+\page resource_aliasing Resource aliasing (overlap)
+
+New explicit graphics APIs (Vulkan and Direct3D 12), thanks to manual memory
+management, give an opportunity to alias (overlap) multiple resources in the
+same region of memory - a feature not available in the old APIs (Direct3D 11, OpenGL).
+It can be useful to save video memory, but it must be used with caution.
+
+For example, if you know the flow of your whole render frame in advance, you
+are going to use some intermediate textures or buffers only during a small range of render passes,
+and you know these ranges don't overlap in time, you can bind these resources to
+the same place in memory, even if they have completely different parameters (width, height, format etc.).
+
+![Resource aliasing (overlap)](../gfx/Aliasing.png)
+
+Such scenario is possible using VMA, but you need to create your images manually.
+Then you need to calculate parameters of an allocation to be made using formula:
+
+- allocation size = max(size of each image)
+- allocation alignment = max(alignment of each image)
+- allocation memoryTypeBits = bitwise AND(memoryTypeBits of each image)
+
+Following example shows two different images bound to the same place in memory,
+allocated to fit largest of them.
+
+\code
+// A 512x512 texture to be sampled.
+VkImageCreateInfo img1CreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO };
+img1CreateInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
+img1CreateInfo.extent.width = 512;
+img1CreateInfo.extent.height = 512;
+img1CreateInfo.extent.depth = 1;
+img1CreateInfo.mipLevels = 10;
+img1CreateInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
+img1CreateInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB;
+img1CreateInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
+img1CreateInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
+img1CreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
+img1CreateInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+
+// A full screen texture to be used as color attachment.
+VkImageCreateInfo img2CreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO };
+img2CreateInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
+img2CreateInfo.extent.width = 1920;
+img2CreateInfo.extent.height = 1080;
+img2CreateInfo.extent.depth = 1;
+img2CreateInfo.mipLevels = 1;
+img2CreateInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
+img2CreateInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
+img2CreateInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
+img2CreateInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
+img2CreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
+img2CreateInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+
+VkImage img1;
+res = vkCreateImage(device, &img1CreateInfo, nullptr, &img1);
+VkImage img2;
+res = vkCreateImage(device, &img2CreateInfo, nullptr, &img2);
+
+VkMemoryRequirements img1MemReq;
+vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, img1, &img1MemReq);
+VkMemoryRequirements img2MemReq;
+vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, img2, &img2MemReq);
+
+VkMemoryRequirements finalMemReq = {};
+finalMemReq.size = std::max(img1MemReq.size, img2MemReq.size);
+finalMemReq.alignment = std::max(img1MemReq.alignment, img2MemReq.alignment);
+finalMemReq.memoryTypeBits = img1MemReq.memoryTypeBits & img2MemReq.memoryTypeBits;
+// Validate if(finalMemReq.memoryTypeBits != 0)
+
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
+allocCreateInfo.preferredFlags = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
+
+VmaAllocation alloc;
+res = vmaAllocateMemory(allocator, &finalMemReq, &allocCreateInfo, &alloc, nullptr);
+
+res = vmaBindImageMemory(allocator, alloc, img1);
+res = vmaBindImageMemory(allocator, alloc, img2);
+
+// You can use img1, img2 here, but not at the same time!
+
+vmaFreeMemory(allocator, alloc);
+vkDestroyImage(allocator, img2, nullptr);
+vkDestroyImage(allocator, img1, nullptr);
+\endcode
+
+Remember that using resources that alias in memory requires proper synchronization.
+You need to issue a memory barrier to make sure commands that use `img1` and `img2`
+don't overlap on GPU timeline.
+You also need to treat a resource after aliasing as uninitialized - containing garbage data.
+For example, if you use `img1` and then want to use `img2`, you need to issue
+an image memory barrier for `img2` with `oldLayout` = `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED`.
+
+Additional considerations:
+
+- Vulkan also allows to interpret contents of memory between aliasing resources consistently in some cases.
+See chapter 11.8. "Memory Aliasing" of Vulkan specification or `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_ALIAS_BIT` flag.
+- You can create more complex layout where different images and buffers are bound
+at different offsets inside one large allocation. For example, one can imagine
+a big texture used in some render passes, aliasing with a set of many small buffers
+used between in some further passes. To bind a resource at non-zero offset in an allocation,
+use vmaBindBufferMemory2() / vmaBindImageMemory2().
+- Before allocating memory for the resources you want to alias, check `memoryTypeBits`
+returned in memory requirements of each resource to make sure the bits overlap.
+Some GPUs may expose multiple memory types suitable e.g. only for buffers or
+images with `COLOR_ATTACHMENT` usage, so the sets of memory types supported by your
+resources may be disjoint. Aliasing them is not possible in that case.
+
+
+\page custom_memory_pools Custom memory pools
+
+A memory pool contains a number of `VkDeviceMemory` blocks.
+The library automatically creates and manages default pool for each memory type available on the device.
+Default memory pool automatically grows in size.
+Size of allocated blocks is also variable and managed automatically.
+
+You can create custom pool and allocate memory out of it.
+It can be useful if you want to:
+
+- Keep certain kind of allocations separate from others.
+- Enforce particular, fixed size of Vulkan memory blocks.
+- Limit maximum amount of Vulkan memory allocated for that pool.
+- Reserve minimum or fixed amount of Vulkan memory always preallocated for that pool.
+- Use extra parameters for a set of your allocations that are available in #VmaPoolCreateInfo but not in
+  #VmaAllocationCreateInfo - e.g., custom minimum alignment, custom `pNext` chain.
+- Perform defragmentation on a specific subset of your allocations.
+
+To use custom memory pools:
+
+-# Fill VmaPoolCreateInfo structure.
+-# Call vmaCreatePool() to obtain #VmaPool handle.
+-# When making an allocation, set VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pool to this handle.
+   You don't need to specify any other parameters of this structure, like `usage`.
+
+Example:
+
+\code
+// Find memoryTypeIndex for the pool.
+VkBufferCreateInfo sampleBufCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
+sampleBufCreateInfo.size = 0x10000; // Doesn't matter.
+sampleBufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
+
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo sampleAllocCreateInfo = {};
+sampleAllocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO;
+
+uint32_t memTypeIndex;
+VkResult res = vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(allocator,
+    &sampleBufCreateInfo, &sampleAllocCreateInfo, &memTypeIndex);
+// Check res...
+
+// Create a pool that can have at most 2 blocks, 128 MiB each.
+VmaPoolCreateInfo poolCreateInfo = {};
+poolCreateInfo.memoryTypeIndex = memTypeIndex;
+poolCreateInfo.blockSize = 128ull * 1024 * 1024;
+poolCreateInfo.maxBlockCount = 2;
+
+VmaPool pool;
+res = vmaCreatePool(allocator, &poolCreateInfo, &pool);
+// Check res...
+
+// Allocate a buffer out of it.
+VkBufferCreateInfo bufCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
+bufCreateInfo.size = 1024;
+bufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
+
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
+allocCreateInfo.pool = pool;
+
+VkBuffer buf;
+VmaAllocation alloc;
+res = vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufCreateInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &buf, &alloc, nullptr);
+// Check res...
+\endcode
+
+You have to free all allocations made from this pool before destroying it.
+
+\code
+vmaDestroyBuffer(allocator, buf, alloc);
+vmaDestroyPool(allocator, pool);
+\endcode
+
+New versions of this library support creating dedicated allocations in custom pools.
+It is supported only when VmaPoolCreateInfo::blockSize = 0.
+To use this feature, set VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pool to the pointer to your custom pool and
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo::flags to #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT.
+
+\note Excessive use of custom pools is a common mistake when using this library.
+Custom pools may be useful for special purposes - when you want to
+keep certain type of resources separate e.g. to reserve minimum amount of memory
+for them or limit maximum amount of memory they can occupy. For most
+resources this is not needed and so it is not recommended to create #VmaPool
+objects and allocations out of them. Allocating from the default pool is sufficient.
+
+
+\section custom_memory_pools_MemTypeIndex Choosing memory type index
+
+When creating a pool, you must explicitly specify memory type index.
+To find the one suitable for your buffers or images, you can use helper functions
+vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(), vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForImageInfo().
+You need to provide structures with example parameters of buffers or images
+that you are going to create in that pool.
+
+\code
+VkBufferCreateInfo exampleBufCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
+exampleBufCreateInfo.size = 1024; // Doesn't matter
+exampleBufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
+
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
+allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO;
+
+uint32_t memTypeIndex;
+vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(allocator, &exampleBufCreateInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &memTypeIndex);
+
+VmaPoolCreateInfo poolCreateInfo = {};
+poolCreateInfo.memoryTypeIndex = memTypeIndex;
+// ...
+\endcode
+
+When creating buffers/images allocated in that pool, provide following parameters:
+
+- `VkBufferCreateInfo`: Prefer to pass same parameters as above.
+  Otherwise you risk creating resources in a memory type that is not suitable for them, which may result in undefined behavior.
+  Using different `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_` flags may work, but you shouldn't create images in a pool intended for buffers
+  or the other way around.
+- VmaAllocationCreateInfo: You don't need to pass same parameters. Fill only `pool` member.
+  Other members are ignored anyway.
+
+\section linear_algorithm Linear allocation algorithm
+
+Each Vulkan memory block managed by this library has accompanying metadata that
+keeps track of used and unused regions. By default, the metadata structure and
+algorithm tries to find best place for new allocations among free regions to
+optimize memory usage. This way you can allocate and free objects in any order.
+
+![Default allocation algorithm](../gfx/Linear_allocator_1_algo_default.png)
+
+Sometimes there is a need to use simpler, linear allocation algorithm. You can
+create custom pool that uses such algorithm by adding flag
+#VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT to VmaPoolCreateInfo::flags while creating
+#VmaPool object. Then an alternative metadata management is used. It always
+creates new allocations after last one and doesn't reuse free regions after
+allocations freed in the middle. It results in better allocation performance and
+less memory consumed by metadata.
+
+![Linear allocation algorithm](../gfx/Linear_allocator_2_algo_linear.png)
+
+With this one flag, you can create a custom pool that can be used in many ways:
+free-at-once, stack, double stack, and ring buffer. See below for details.
+You don't need to specify explicitly which of these options you are going to use - it is detected automatically.
+
+\subsection linear_algorithm_free_at_once Free-at-once
+
+In a pool that uses linear algorithm, you still need to free all the allocations
+individually, e.g. by using vmaFreeMemory() or vmaDestroyBuffer(). You can free
+them in any order. New allocations are always made after last one - free space
+in the middle is not reused. However, when you release all the allocation and
+the pool becomes empty, allocation starts from the beginning again. This way you
+can use linear algorithm to speed up creation of allocations that you are going
+to release all at once.
+
+![Free-at-once](../gfx/Linear_allocator_3_free_at_once.png)
+
+This mode is also available for pools created with VmaPoolCreateInfo::maxBlockCount
+value that allows multiple memory blocks.
+
+\subsection linear_algorithm_stack Stack
+
+When you free an allocation that was created last, its space can be reused.
+Thanks to this, if you always release allocations in the order opposite to their
+creation (LIFO - Last In First Out), you can achieve behavior of a stack.
+
+![Stack](../gfx/Linear_allocator_4_stack.png)
+
+This mode is also available for pools created with VmaPoolCreateInfo::maxBlockCount
+value that allows multiple memory blocks.
+
+\subsection linear_algorithm_double_stack Double stack
+
+The space reserved by a custom pool with linear algorithm may be used by two
+stacks:
+
+- First, default one, growing up from offset 0.
+- Second, "upper" one, growing down from the end towards lower offsets.
+
+To make allocation from the upper stack, add flag #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT
+to VmaAllocationCreateInfo::flags.
+
+![Double stack](../gfx/Linear_allocator_7_double_stack.png)
+
+Double stack is available only in pools with one memory block -
+VmaPoolCreateInfo::maxBlockCount must be 1. Otherwise behavior is undefined.
+
+When the two stacks' ends meet so there is not enough space between them for a
+new allocation, such allocation fails with usual
+`VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY` error.
+
+\subsection linear_algorithm_ring_buffer Ring buffer
+
+When you free some allocations from the beginning and there is not enough free space
+for a new one at the end of a pool, allocator's "cursor" wraps around to the
+beginning and starts allocation there. Thanks to this, if you always release
+allocations in the same order as you created them (FIFO - First In First Out),
+you can achieve behavior of a ring buffer / queue.
+
+![Ring buffer](../gfx/Linear_allocator_5_ring_buffer.png)
+
+Ring buffer is available only in pools with one memory block -
+VmaPoolCreateInfo::maxBlockCount must be 1. Otherwise behavior is undefined.
+
+\note \ref defragmentation is not supported in custom pools created with #VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT.
+
+
+\page defragmentation Defragmentation
+
+Interleaved allocations and deallocations of many objects of varying size can
+cause fragmentation over time, which can lead to a situation where the library is unable
+to find a continuous range of free memory for a new allocation despite there is
+enough free space, just scattered across many small free ranges between existing
+allocations.
+
+To mitigate this problem, you can use defragmentation feature.
+It doesn't happen automatically though and needs your cooperation,
+because VMA is a low level library that only allocates memory.
+It cannot recreate buffers and images in a new place as it doesn't remember the contents of `VkBufferCreateInfo` / `VkImageCreateInfo` structures.
+It cannot copy their contents as it doesn't record any commands to a command buffer.
+
+Example:
+
+\code
+VmaDefragmentationInfo defragInfo = {};
+defragInfo.pool = myPool;
+defragInfo.flags = VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_ALGORITHM_FAST_BIT;
+
+VmaDefragmentationContext defragCtx;
+VkResult res = vmaBeginDefragmentation(allocator, &defragInfo, &defragCtx);
+// Check res...
+
+for(;;)
+{
+    VmaDefragmentationPassMoveInfo pass;
+    res = vmaBeginDefragmentationPass(allocator, defragCtx, &pass);
+    if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
+        break;
+    else if(res != VK_INCOMPLETE)
+        // Handle error...
+
+    for(uint32_t i = 0; i < pass.moveCount; ++i)
+    {
+        // Inspect pass.pMoves[i].srcAllocation, identify what buffer/image it represents.
+        VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;
+        vmaGetAllocationInfo(allocator, pMoves[i].srcAllocation, &allocInfo);
+        MyEngineResourceData* resData = (MyEngineResourceData*)allocInfo.pUserData;
+            
+        // Recreate and bind this buffer/image at: pass.pMoves[i].dstMemory, pass.pMoves[i].dstOffset.
+        VkImageCreateInfo imgCreateInfo = ...
+        VkImage newImg;
+        res = vkCreateImage(device, &imgCreateInfo, nullptr, &newImg);
+        // Check res...
+        res = vmaBindImageMemory(allocator, pMoves[i].dstTmpAllocation, newImg);
+        // Check res...
+
+        // Issue a vkCmdCopyBuffer/vkCmdCopyImage to copy its content to the new place.
+        vkCmdCopyImage(cmdBuf, resData->img, ..., newImg, ...);
+    }
+        
+    // Make sure the copy commands finished executing.
+    vkWaitForFences(...);
+
+    // Destroy old buffers/images bound with pass.pMoves[i].srcAllocation.
+    for(uint32_t i = 0; i < pass.moveCount; ++i)
+    {
+        // ...
+        vkDestroyImage(device, resData->img, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    // Update appropriate descriptors to point to the new places...
+        
+    res = vmaEndDefragmentationPass(allocator, defragCtx, &pass);
+    if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
+        break;
+    else if(res != VK_INCOMPLETE)
+        // Handle error...
+}
+
+vmaEndDefragmentation(allocator, defragCtx, nullptr);
+\endcode
+
+Although functions like vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage(), vmaDestroyBuffer(), vmaDestroyImage()
+create/destroy an allocation and a buffer/image at once, these are just a shortcut for
+creating the resource, allocating memory, and binding them together.
+Defragmentation works on memory allocations only. You must handle the rest manually.
+Defragmentation is an iterative process that should repreat "passes" as long as related functions
+return `VK_INCOMPLETE` not `VK_SUCCESS`.
+In each pass:
+
+1. vmaBeginDefragmentationPass() function call:
+   - Calculates and returns the list of allocations to be moved in this pass.
+     Note this can be a time-consuming process.
+   - Reserves destination memory for them by creating temporary destination allocations
+     that you can query for their `VkDeviceMemory` + offset using vmaGetAllocationInfo().
+2. Inside the pass, **you should**:
+   - Inspect the returned list of allocations to be moved.
+   - Create new buffers/images and bind them at the returned destination temporary allocations.
+   - Copy data from source to destination resources if necessary.
+   - Destroy the source buffers/images, but NOT their allocations.
+3. vmaEndDefragmentationPass() function call:
+   - Frees the source memory reserved for the allocations that are moved.
+   - Modifies source #VmaAllocation objects that are moved to point to the destination reserved memory.
+   - Frees `VkDeviceMemory` blocks that became empty.
+
+Unlike in previous iterations of the defragmentation API, there is no list of "movable" allocations passed as a parameter.
+Defragmentation algorithm tries to move all suitable allocations.
+You can, however, refuse to move some of them inside a defragmentation pass, by setting
+`pass.pMoves[i].operation` to #VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_MOVE_OPERATION_IGNORE.
+This is not recommended and may result in suboptimal packing of the allocations after defragmentation.
+If you cannot ensure any allocation can be moved, it is better to keep movable allocations separate in a custom pool.
+
+Inside a pass, for each allocation that should be moved:
+
+- You should copy its data from the source to the destination place by calling e.g. `vkCmdCopyBuffer()`, `vkCmdCopyImage()`.
+  - You need to make sure these commands finished executing before destroying the source buffers/images and before calling vmaEndDefragmentationPass().
+- If a resource doesn't contain any meaningful data, e.g. it is a transient color attachment image to be cleared,
+  filled, and used temporarily in each rendering frame, you can just recreate this image
+  without copying its data.
+- If the resource is in `HOST_VISIBLE` and `HOST_CACHED` memory, you can copy its data on the CPU
+  using `memcpy()`.
+- If you cannot move the allocation, you can set `pass.pMoves[i].operation` to #VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_MOVE_OPERATION_IGNORE.
+  This will cancel the move.
+  - vmaEndDefragmentationPass() will then free the destination memory
+    not the source memory of the allocation, leaving it unchanged.
+- If you decide the allocation is unimportant and can be destroyed instead of moved (e.g. it wasn't used for long time),
+  you can set `pass.pMoves[i].operation` to #VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_MOVE_OPERATION_DESTROY.
+  - vmaEndDefragmentationPass() will then free both source and destination memory, and will destroy the source #VmaAllocation object.
+
+You can defragment a specific custom pool by setting VmaDefragmentationInfo::pool
+(like in the example above) or all the default pools by setting this member to null.
+
+Defragmentation is always performed in each pool separately.
+Allocations are never moved between different Vulkan memory types.
+The size of the destination memory reserved for a moved allocation is the same as the original one.
+Alignment of an allocation as it was determined using `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements()` etc. is also respected after defragmentation.
+Buffers/images should be recreated with the same `VkBufferCreateInfo` / `VkImageCreateInfo` parameters as the original ones.
+
+You can perform the defragmentation incrementally to limit the number of allocations and bytes to be moved
+in each pass, e.g. to call it in sync with render frames and not to experience too big hitches.
+See members: VmaDefragmentationInfo::maxBytesPerPass, VmaDefragmentationInfo::maxAllocationsPerPass.
+
+It is also safe to perform the defragmentation asynchronously to render frames and other Vulkan and VMA
+usage, possibly from multiple threads, with the exception that allocations
+returned in VmaDefragmentationPassMoveInfo::pMoves shouldn't be destroyed until the defragmentation pass is ended.
+
+<b>Mapping</b> is preserved on allocations that are moved during defragmentation.
+Whether through #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT or vmaMapMemory(), the allocations
+are mapped at their new place. Of course, pointer to the mapped data changes, so it needs to be queried
+using VmaAllocationInfo::pMappedData.
+
+\note Defragmentation is not supported in custom pools created with #VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT.
+
+
+\page statistics Statistics
+
+This library contains several functions that return information about its internal state,
+especially the amount of memory allocated from Vulkan.
+
+\section statistics_numeric_statistics Numeric statistics
+
+If you need to obtain basic statistics about memory usage per heap, together with current budget,
+you can call function vmaGetHeapBudgets() and inspect structure #VmaBudget.
+This is useful to keep track of memory usage and stay withing budget
+(see also \ref staying_within_budget).
+Example:
+
+\code
+uint32_t heapIndex = ...
+
+VmaBudget budgets[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];
+vmaGetHeapBudgets(allocator, budgets);
+
+printf("My heap currently has %u allocations taking %llu B,\n",
+    budgets[heapIndex].statistics.allocationCount,
+    budgets[heapIndex].statistics.allocationBytes);
+printf("allocated out of %u Vulkan device memory blocks taking %llu B,\n",
+    budgets[heapIndex].statistics.blockCount,
+    budgets[heapIndex].statistics.blockBytes);
+printf("Vulkan reports total usage %llu B with budget %llu B.\n",
+    budgets[heapIndex].usage,
+    budgets[heapIndex].budget);
+\endcode
+
+You can query for more detailed statistics per memory heap, type, and totals,
+including minimum and maximum allocation size and unused range size,
+by calling function vmaCalculateStatistics() and inspecting structure #VmaTotalStatistics.
+This function is slower though, as it has to traverse all the internal data structures,
+so it should be used only for debugging purposes.
+
+You can query for statistics of a custom pool using function vmaGetPoolStatistics()
+or vmaCalculatePoolStatistics().
+
+You can query for information about a specific allocation using function vmaGetAllocationInfo().
+It fill structure #VmaAllocationInfo.
+
+\section statistics_json_dump JSON dump
+
+You can dump internal state of the allocator to a string in JSON format using function vmaBuildStatsString().
+The result is guaranteed to be correct JSON.
+It uses ANSI encoding.
+Any strings provided by user (see [Allocation names](@ref allocation_names))
+are copied as-is and properly escaped for JSON, so if they use UTF-8, ISO-8859-2 or any other encoding,
+this JSON string can be treated as using this encoding.
+It must be freed using function vmaFreeStatsString().
+
+The format of this JSON string is not part of official documentation of the library,
+but it will not change in backward-incompatible way without increasing library major version number
+and appropriate mention in changelog.
+
+The JSON string contains all the data that can be obtained using vmaCalculateStatistics().
+It can also contain detailed map of allocated memory blocks and their regions -
+free and occupied by allocations.
+This allows e.g. to visualize the memory or assess fragmentation.
+
+
+\page allocation_annotation Allocation names and user data
+
+\section allocation_user_data Allocation user data
+
+You can annotate allocations with your own information, e.g. for debugging purposes.
+To do that, fill VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pUserData field when creating
+an allocation. It is an opaque `void*` pointer. You can use it e.g. as a pointer,
+some handle, index, key, ordinal number or any other value that would associate
+the allocation with your custom metadata.
+It it useful to identify appropriate data structures in your engine given #VmaAllocation,
+e.g. when doing \ref defragmentation.
+
+\code
+VkBufferCreateInfo bufCreateInfo = ...
+
+MyBufferMetadata* pMetadata = CreateBufferMetadata();
+
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
+allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO;
+allocCreateInfo.pUserData = pMetadata;
+
+VkBuffer buffer;
+VmaAllocation allocation;
+vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufCreateInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &buffer, &allocation, nullptr);
+\endcode
+
+The pointer may be later retrieved as VmaAllocationInfo::pUserData:
+
+\code
+VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;
+vmaGetAllocationInfo(allocator, allocation, &allocInfo);
+MyBufferMetadata* pMetadata = (MyBufferMetadata*)allocInfo.pUserData;
+\endcode
+
+It can also be changed using function vmaSetAllocationUserData().
+
+Values of (non-zero) allocations' `pUserData` are printed in JSON report created by
+vmaBuildStatsString() in hexadecimal form.
+
+\section allocation_names Allocation names
+
+An allocation can also carry a null-terminated string, giving a name to the allocation.
+To set it, call vmaSetAllocationName().
+The library creates internal copy of the string, so the pointer you pass doesn't need
+to be valid for whole lifetime of the allocation. You can free it after the call.
+
+\code
+std::string imageName = "Texture: ";
+imageName += fileName;
+vmaSetAllocationName(allocator, allocation, imageName.c_str());
+\endcode
+
+The string can be later retrieved by inspecting VmaAllocationInfo::pName.
+It is also printed in JSON report created by vmaBuildStatsString().
+
+\note Setting string name to VMA allocation doesn't automatically set it to the Vulkan buffer or image created with it.
+You must do it manually using an extension like VK_EXT_debug_utils, which is independent of this library.
+
+
+\page virtual_allocator Virtual allocator
+
+As an extra feature, the core allocation algorithm of the library is exposed through a simple and convenient API of "virtual allocator".
+It doesn't allocate any real GPU memory. It just keeps track of used and free regions of a "virtual block".
+You can use it to allocate your own memory or other objects, even completely unrelated to Vulkan.
+A common use case is sub-allocation of pieces of one large GPU buffer.
+
+\section virtual_allocator_creating_virtual_block Creating virtual block
+
+To use this functionality, there is no main "allocator" object.
+You don't need to have #VmaAllocator object created.
+All you need to do is to create a separate #VmaVirtualBlock object for each block of memory you want to be managed by the allocator:
+
+-# Fill in #VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo structure.
+-# Call vmaCreateVirtualBlock(). Get new #VmaVirtualBlock object.
+
+Example:
+
+\code
+VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo blockCreateInfo = {};
+blockCreateInfo.size = 1048576; // 1 MB
+
+VmaVirtualBlock block;
+VkResult res = vmaCreateVirtualBlock(&blockCreateInfo, &block);
+\endcode
+
+\section virtual_allocator_making_virtual_allocations Making virtual allocations
+
+#VmaVirtualBlock object contains internal data structure that keeps track of free and occupied regions
+using the same code as the main Vulkan memory allocator.
+Similarly to #VmaAllocation for standard GPU allocations, there is #VmaVirtualAllocation type
+that represents an opaque handle to an allocation withing the virtual block.
+
+In order to make such allocation:
+
+-# Fill in #VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo structure.
+-# Call vmaVirtualAllocate(). Get new #VmaVirtualAllocation object that represents the allocation.
+   You can also receive `VkDeviceSize offset` that was assigned to the allocation.
+
+Example:
+
+\code
+VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
+allocCreateInfo.size = 4096; // 4 KB
+
+VmaVirtualAllocation alloc;
+VkDeviceSize offset;
+res = vmaVirtualAllocate(block, &allocCreateInfo, &alloc, &offset);
+if(res == VK_SUCCESS)
+{
+    // Use the 4 KB of your memory starting at offset.
+}
+else
+{
+    // Allocation failed - no space for it could be found. Handle this error!
+}
+\endcode
+
+\section virtual_allocator_deallocation Deallocation
+
+When no longer needed, an allocation can be freed by calling vmaVirtualFree().
+You can only pass to this function an allocation that was previously returned by vmaVirtualAllocate()
+called for the same #VmaVirtualBlock.
+
+When whole block is no longer needed, the block object can be released by calling vmaDestroyVirtualBlock().
+All allocations must be freed before the block is destroyed, which is checked internally by an assert.
+However, if you don't want to call vmaVirtualFree() for each allocation, you can use vmaClearVirtualBlock() to free them all at once -
+a feature not available in normal Vulkan memory allocator. Example:
+
+\code
+vmaVirtualFree(block, alloc);
+vmaDestroyVirtualBlock(block);
+\endcode
+
+\section virtual_allocator_allocation_parameters Allocation parameters
+
+You can attach a custom pointer to each allocation by using vmaSetVirtualAllocationUserData().
+Its default value is null.
+It can be used to store any data that needs to be associated with that allocation - e.g. an index, a handle, or a pointer to some
+larger data structure containing more information. Example:
+
+\code
+struct CustomAllocData
+{
+    std::string m_AllocName;
+};
+CustomAllocData* allocData = new CustomAllocData();
+allocData->m_AllocName = "My allocation 1";
+vmaSetVirtualAllocationUserData(block, alloc, allocData);
+\endcode
+
+The pointer can later be fetched, along with allocation offset and size, by passing the allocation handle to function
+vmaGetVirtualAllocationInfo() and inspecting returned structure #VmaVirtualAllocationInfo.
+If you allocated a new object to be used as the custom pointer, don't forget to delete that object before freeing the allocation!
+Example:
+
+\code
+VmaVirtualAllocationInfo allocInfo;
+vmaGetVirtualAllocationInfo(block, alloc, &allocInfo);
+delete (CustomAllocData*)allocInfo.pUserData;
+
+vmaVirtualFree(block, alloc);
+\endcode
+
+\section virtual_allocator_alignment_and_units Alignment and units
+
+It feels natural to express sizes and offsets in bytes.
+If an offset of an allocation needs to be aligned to a multiply of some number (e.g. 4 bytes), you can fill optional member
+VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo::alignment to request it. Example:
+
+\code
+VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
+allocCreateInfo.size = 4096; // 4 KB
+allocCreateInfo.alignment = 4; // Returned offset must be a multiply of 4 B
+
+VmaVirtualAllocation alloc;
+res = vmaVirtualAllocate(block, &allocCreateInfo, &alloc, nullptr);
+\endcode
+
+Alignments of different allocations made from one block may vary.
+However, if all alignments and sizes are always multiply of some size e.g. 4 B or `sizeof(MyDataStruct)`,
+you can express all sizes, alignments, and offsets in multiples of that size instead of individual bytes.
+It might be more convenient, but you need to make sure to use this new unit consistently in all the places:
+
+- VmaVirtualBlockCreateInfo::size
+- VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo::size and VmaVirtualAllocationCreateInfo::alignment
+- Using offset returned by vmaVirtualAllocate() or in VmaVirtualAllocationInfo::offset
+
+\section virtual_allocator_statistics Statistics
+
+You can obtain statistics of a virtual block using vmaGetVirtualBlockStatistics()
+(to get brief statistics that are fast to calculate)
+or vmaCalculateVirtualBlockStatistics() (to get more detailed statistics, slower to calculate).
+The functions fill structures #VmaStatistics, #VmaDetailedStatistics respectively - same as used by the normal Vulkan memory allocator.
+Example:
+
+\code
+VmaStatistics stats;
+vmaGetVirtualBlockStatistics(block, &stats);
+printf("My virtual block has %llu bytes used by %u virtual allocations\n",
+    stats.allocationBytes, stats.allocationCount);
+\endcode
+
+You can also request a full list of allocations and free regions as a string in JSON format by calling
+vmaBuildVirtualBlockStatsString().
+Returned string must be later freed using vmaFreeVirtualBlockStatsString().
+The format of this string differs from the one returned by the main Vulkan allocator, but it is similar.
+
+\section virtual_allocator_additional_considerations Additional considerations
+
+The "virtual allocator" functionality is implemented on a level of individual memory blocks.
+Keeping track of a whole collection of blocks, allocating new ones when out of free space,
+deleting empty ones, and deciding which one to try first for a new allocation must be implemented by the user.
+
+Alternative allocation algorithms are supported, just like in custom pools of the real GPU memory.
+See enum #VmaVirtualBlockCreateFlagBits to learn how to specify them (e.g. #VMA_VIRTUAL_BLOCK_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT).
+You can find their description in chapter \ref custom_memory_pools.
+Allocation strategies are also supported.
+See enum #VmaVirtualAllocationCreateFlagBits to learn how to specify them (e.g. #VMA_VIRTUAL_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT).
+
+Following features are supported only by the allocator of the real GPU memory and not by virtual allocations:
+buffer-image granularity, `VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN`, `VMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT`.
+
+
+\page debugging_memory_usage Debugging incorrect memory usage
+
+If you suspect a bug with memory usage, like usage of uninitialized memory or
+memory being overwritten out of bounds of an allocation,
+you can use debug features of this library to verify this.
+
+\section debugging_memory_usage_initialization Memory initialization
+
+If you experience a bug with incorrect and nondeterministic data in your program and you suspect uninitialized memory to be used,
+you can enable automatic memory initialization to verify this.
+To do it, define macro `VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS` to 1.
+
+\code
+#define VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS 1
+#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"
+\endcode
+
+It makes memory of all new allocations initialized to bit pattern `0xDCDCDCDC`.
+Before an allocation is destroyed, its memory is filled with bit pattern `0xEFEFEFEF`.
+Memory is automatically mapped and unmapped if necessary.
+
+If you find these values while debugging your program, good chances are that you incorrectly
+read Vulkan memory that is allocated but not initialized, or already freed, respectively.
+
+Memory initialization works only with memory types that are `HOST_VISIBLE`.
+It works also with dedicated allocations.
+
+\section debugging_memory_usage_margins Margins
+
+By default, allocations are laid out in memory blocks next to each other if possible
+(considering required alignment, `bufferImageGranularity`, and `nonCoherentAtomSize`).
+
+![Allocations without margin](../gfx/Margins_1.png)
+
+Define macro `VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN` to some non-zero value (e.g. 16) to enforce specified
+number of bytes as a margin after every allocation.
+
+\code
+#define VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN 16
+#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"
+\endcode
+
+![Allocations with margin](../gfx/Margins_2.png)
+
+If your bug goes away after enabling margins, it means it may be caused by memory
+being overwritten outside of allocation boundaries. It is not 100% certain though.
+Change in application behavior may also be caused by different order and distribution
+of allocations across memory blocks after margins are applied.
+
+Margins work with all types of memory.
+
+Margin is applied only to allocations made out of memory blocks and not to dedicated
+allocations, which have their own memory block of specific size.
+It is thus not applied to allocations made using #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT flag
+or those automatically decided to put into dedicated allocations, e.g. due to its
+large size or recommended by VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation extension.
+
+Margins appear in [JSON dump](@ref statistics_json_dump) as part of free space.
+
+Note that enabling margins increases memory usage and fragmentation.
+
+Margins do not apply to \ref virtual_allocator.
+
+\section debugging_memory_usage_corruption_detection Corruption detection
+
+You can additionally define macro `VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION` to 1 to enable validation
+of contents of the margins.
+
+\code
+#define VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN 16
+#define VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION 1
+#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"
+\endcode
+
+When this feature is enabled, number of bytes specified as `VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN`
+(it must be multiply of 4) after every allocation is filled with a magic number.
+This idea is also know as "canary".
+Memory is automatically mapped and unmapped if necessary.
+
+This number is validated automatically when the allocation is destroyed.
+If it is not equal to the expected value, `VMA_ASSERT()` is executed.
+It clearly means that either CPU or GPU overwritten the memory outside of boundaries of the allocation,
+which indicates a serious bug.
+
+You can also explicitly request checking margins of all allocations in all memory blocks
+that belong to specified memory types by using function vmaCheckCorruption(),
+or in memory blocks that belong to specified custom pool, by using function
+vmaCheckPoolCorruption().
+
+Margin validation (corruption detection) works only for memory types that are
+`HOST_VISIBLE` and `HOST_COHERENT`.
+
+
+\page opengl_interop OpenGL Interop
+
+VMA provides some features that help with interoperability with OpenGL.
+
+\section opengl_interop_exporting_memory Exporting memory
+
+If you want to attach `VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR` structure to `pNext` chain of memory allocations made by the library:
+
+It is recommended to create \ref custom_memory_pools for such allocations.
+Define and fill in your `VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR` structure and attach it to VmaPoolCreateInfo::pMemoryAllocateNext
+while creating the custom pool.
+Please note that the structure must remain alive and unchanged for the whole lifetime of the #VmaPool,
+not only while creating it, as no copy of the structure is made,
+but its original pointer is used for each allocation instead.
+
+If you want to export all memory allocated by the library from certain memory types,
+also dedicated allocations or other allocations made from default pools,
+an alternative solution is to fill in VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pTypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes.
+It should point to an array with `VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagsKHR` to be automatically passed by the library
+through `VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR` on each allocation made from a specific memory type.
+Please note that new versions of the library also support dedicated allocations created in custom pools.
+
+You should not mix these two methods in a way that allows to apply both to the same memory type.
+Otherwise, `VkExportMemoryAllocateInfoKHR` structure would be attached twice to the `pNext` chain of `VkMemoryAllocateInfo`.
+
+
+\section opengl_interop_custom_alignment Custom alignment
+
+Buffers or images exported to a different API like OpenGL may require a different alignment,
+higher than the one used by the library automatically, queried from functions like `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements`.
+To impose such alignment:
+
+It is recommended to create \ref custom_memory_pools for such allocations.
+Set VmaPoolCreateInfo::minAllocationAlignment member to the minimum alignment required for each allocation
+to be made out of this pool.
+The alignment actually used will be the maximum of this member and the alignment returned for the specific buffer or image
+from a function like `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements`, which is called by VMA automatically.
+
+If you want to create a buffer with a specific minimum alignment out of default pools,
+use special function vmaCreateBufferWithAlignment(), which takes additional parameter `minAlignment`.
+
+Note the problem of alignment affects only resources placed inside bigger `VkDeviceMemory` blocks and not dedicated
+allocations, as these, by definition, always have alignment = 0 because the resource is bound to the beginning of its dedicated block.
+Contrary to Direct3D 12, Vulkan doesn't have a concept of alignment of the entire memory block passed on its allocation.
+
+
+\page usage_patterns Recommended usage patterns
+
+Vulkan gives great flexibility in memory allocation.
+This chapter shows the most common patterns.
+
+See also slides from talk:
+[Sawicki, Adam. Advanced Graphics Techniques Tutorial: Memory management in Vulkan and DX12. Game Developers Conference, 2018](https://www.gdcvault.com/play/1025458/Advanced-Graphics-Techniques-Tutorial-New)
+
+
+\section usage_patterns_gpu_only GPU-only resource
+
+<b>When:</b>
+Any resources that you frequently write and read on GPU,
+e.g. images used as color attachments (aka "render targets"), depth-stencil attachments,
+images/buffers used as storage image/buffer (aka "Unordered Access View (UAV)").
+
+<b>What to do:</b>
+Let the library select the optimal memory type, which will likely have `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT`.
+
+\code
+VkImageCreateInfo imgCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO };
+imgCreateInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
+imgCreateInfo.extent.width = 3840;
+imgCreateInfo.extent.height = 2160;
+imgCreateInfo.extent.depth = 1;
+imgCreateInfo.mipLevels = 1;
+imgCreateInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
+imgCreateInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
+imgCreateInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
+imgCreateInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
+imgCreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
+imgCreateInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
+allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO;
+allocCreateInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT;
+allocCreateInfo.priority = 1.0f;
+
+VkImage img;
+VmaAllocation alloc;
+vmaCreateImage(allocator, &imgCreateInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &img, &alloc, nullptr);
+\endcode
+
+<b>Also consider:</b>
+Consider creating them as dedicated allocations using #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT,
+especially if they are large or if you plan to destroy and recreate them with different sizes
+e.g. when display resolution changes.
+Prefer to create such resources first and all other GPU resources (like textures and vertex buffers) later.
+When VK_EXT_memory_priority extension is enabled, it is also worth setting high priority to such allocation
+to decrease chances to be evicted to system memory by the operating system.
+
+\section usage_patterns_staging_copy_upload Staging copy for upload
+
+<b>When:</b>
+A "staging" buffer than you want to map and fill from CPU code, then use as a source od transfer
+to some GPU resource.
+
+<b>What to do:</b>
+Use flag #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT.
+Let the library select the optimal memory type, which will always have `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT`.
+
+\code
+VkBufferCreateInfo bufCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
+bufCreateInfo.size = 65536;
+bufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
+
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
+allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO;
+allocCreateInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT |
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;
+
+VkBuffer buf;
+VmaAllocation alloc;
+VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;
+vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufCreateInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &buf, &alloc, &allocInfo);
+
+...
+
+memcpy(allocInfo.pMappedData, myData, myDataSize);
+\endcode
+
+<b>Also consider:</b>
+You can map the allocation using vmaMapMemory() or you can create it as persistenly mapped
+using #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT, as in the example above.
+
+
+\section usage_patterns_readback Readback
+
+<b>When:</b>
+Buffers for data written by or transferred from the GPU that you want to read back on the CPU,
+e.g. results of some computations.
+
+<b>What to do:</b>
+Use flag #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT.
+Let the library select the optimal memory type, which will always have `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT`
+and `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT`.
+
+\code
+VkBufferCreateInfo bufCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
+bufCreateInfo.size = 65536;
+bufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
+
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
+allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO;
+allocCreateInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT |
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;
+
+VkBuffer buf;
+VmaAllocation alloc;
+VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;
+vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufCreateInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &buf, &alloc, &allocInfo);
+
+...
+
+const float* downloadedData = (const float*)allocInfo.pMappedData;
+\endcode
+
+
+\section usage_patterns_advanced_data_uploading Advanced data uploading
+
+For resources that you frequently write on CPU via mapped pointer and
+freqnently read on GPU e.g. as a uniform buffer (also called "dynamic"), multiple options are possible:
+
+-# Easiest solution is to have one copy of the resource in `HOST_VISIBLE` memory,
+   even if it means system RAM (not `DEVICE_LOCAL`) on systems with a discrete graphics card,
+   and make the device reach out to that resource directly.
+   - Reads performed by the device will then go through PCI Express bus.
+     The performace of this access may be limited, but it may be fine depending on the size
+     of this resource (whether it is small enough to quickly end up in GPU cache) and the sparsity
+     of access.
+-# On systems with unified memory (e.g. AMD APU or Intel integrated graphics, mobile chips),
+   a memory type may be available that is both `HOST_VISIBLE` (available for mapping) and `DEVICE_LOCAL`
+   (fast to access from the GPU). Then, it is likely the best choice for such type of resource.
+-# Systems with a discrete graphics card and separate video memory may or may not expose
+   a memory type that is both `HOST_VISIBLE` and `DEVICE_LOCAL`, also known as Base Address Register (BAR).
+   If they do, it represents a piece of VRAM (or entire VRAM, if ReBAR is enabled in the motherboard BIOS)
+   that is available to CPU for mapping.
+   - Writes performed by the host to that memory go through PCI Express bus.
+     The performance of these writes may be limited, but it may be fine, especially on PCIe 4.0,
+     as long as rules of using uncached and write-combined memory are followed - only sequential writes and no reads.
+-# Finally, you may need or prefer to create a separate copy of the resource in `DEVICE_LOCAL` memory,
+   a separate "staging" copy in `HOST_VISIBLE` memory and perform an explicit transfer command between them.
+
+Thankfully, VMA offers an aid to create and use such resources in the the way optimal
+for the current Vulkan device. To help the library make the best choice,
+use flag #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT together with
+#VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_ALLOW_TRANSFER_INSTEAD_BIT.
+It will then prefer a memory type that is both `DEVICE_LOCAL` and `HOST_VISIBLE` (integrated memory or BAR),
+but if no such memory type is available or allocation from it fails
+(PC graphics cards have only 256 MB of BAR by default, unless ReBAR is supported and enabled in BIOS),
+it will fall back to `DEVICE_LOCAL` memory for fast GPU access.
+It is then up to you to detect that the allocation ended up in a memory type that is not `HOST_VISIBLE`,
+so you need to create another "staging" allocation and perform explicit transfers.
+
+\code
+VkBufferCreateInfo bufCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
+bufCreateInfo.size = 65536;
+bufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
+ 
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
+allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO;
+allocCreateInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT |
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_ALLOW_TRANSFER_INSTEAD_BIT |
+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;
+ 
+VkBuffer buf;
+VmaAllocation alloc;
+VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;
+vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufCreateInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &buf, &alloc, &allocInfo);
+
+VkMemoryPropertyFlags memPropFlags;
+vmaGetAllocationMemoryProperties(allocator, alloc, &memPropFlags);
+
+if(memPropFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT)
+{
+    // Allocation ended up in a mappable memory and is already mapped - write to it directly.
+
+    // [Executed in runtime]:
+    memcpy(allocInfo.pMappedData, myData, myDataSize);
+}
+else
+{
+    // Allocation ended up in a non-mappable memory - need to transfer.
+    VkBufferCreateInfo stagingBufCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
+    stagingBufCreateInfo.size = 65536;
+    stagingBufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
+
+    VmaAllocationCreateInfo stagingAllocCreateInfo = {};
+    stagingAllocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO;
+    stagingAllocCreateInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT |
+        VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;
+
+    VkBuffer stagingBuf;
+    VmaAllocation stagingAlloc;
+    VmaAllocationInfo stagingAllocInfo;
+    vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &stagingBufCreateInfo, &stagingAllocCreateInfo,
+        &stagingBuf, &stagingAlloc, stagingAllocInfo);
+
+    // [Executed in runtime]:
+    memcpy(stagingAllocInfo.pMappedData, myData, myDataSize);
+    //vkCmdPipelineBarrier: VK_ACCESS_HOST_WRITE_BIT --> VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT
+    VkBufferCopy bufCopy = {
+        0, // srcOffset
+        0, // dstOffset,
+        myDataSize); // size
+    vkCmdCopyBuffer(cmdBuf, stagingBuf, buf, 1, &bufCopy);
+}
+\endcode
+
+\section usage_patterns_other_use_cases Other use cases
+
+Here are some other, less obvious use cases and their recommended settings:
+
+- An image that is used only as transfer source and destination, but it should stay on the device,
+  as it is used to temporarily store a copy of some texture, e.g. from the current to the next frame,
+  for temporal antialiasing or other temporal effects.
+  - Use `VkImageCreateInfo::usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT`
+  - Use VmaAllocationCreateInfo::usage = #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO
+- An image that is used only as transfer source and destination, but it should be placed
+  in the system RAM despite it doesn't need to be mapped, because it serves as a "swap" copy to evict
+  least recently used textures from VRAM.
+  - Use `VkImageCreateInfo::usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT`
+  - Use VmaAllocationCreateInfo::usage = #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_HOST,
+    as VMA needs a hint here to differentiate from the previous case.
+- A buffer that you want to map and write from the CPU, directly read from the GPU
+  (e.g. as a uniform or vertex buffer), but you have a clear preference to place it in device or
+  host memory due to its large size.
+  - Use `VkBufferCreateInfo::usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT`
+  - Use VmaAllocationCreateInfo::usage = #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_DEVICE or #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_HOST
+  - Use VmaAllocationCreateInfo::flags = #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT
+
+
+\page configuration Configuration
+
+Please check "CONFIGURATION SECTION" in the code to find macros that you can define
+before each include of this file or change directly in this file to provide
+your own implementation of basic facilities like assert, `min()` and `max()` functions,
+mutex, atomic etc.
+The library uses its own implementation of containers by default, but you can switch to using
+STL containers instead.
+
+For example, define `VMA_ASSERT(expr)` before including the library to provide
+custom implementation of the assertion, compatible with your project.
+By default it is defined to standard C `assert(expr)` in `_DEBUG` configuration
+and empty otherwise.
+
+\section config_Vulkan_functions Pointers to Vulkan functions
+
+There are multiple ways to import pointers to Vulkan functions in the library.
+In the simplest case you don't need to do anything.
+If the compilation or linking of your program or the initialization of the #VmaAllocator
+doesn't work for you, you can try to reconfigure it.
+
+First, the allocator tries to fetch pointers to Vulkan functions linked statically,
+like this:
+
+\code
+m_VulkanFunctions.vkAllocateMemory = (PFN_vkAllocateMemory)vkAllocateMemory;
+\endcode
+
+If you want to disable this feature, set configuration macro: `#define VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 0`.
+
+Second, you can provide the pointers yourself by setting member VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pVulkanFunctions.
+You can fetch them e.g. using functions `vkGetInstanceProcAddr` and `vkGetDeviceProcAddr` or
+by using a helper library like [volk](https://github.com/zeux/volk).
+
+Third, VMA tries to fetch remaining pointers that are still null by calling
+`vkGetInstanceProcAddr` and `vkGetDeviceProcAddr` on its own.
+You need to only fill in VmaVulkanFunctions::vkGetInstanceProcAddr and VmaVulkanFunctions::vkGetDeviceProcAddr.
+Other pointers will be fetched automatically.
+If you want to disable this feature, set configuration macro: `#define VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 0`.
+
+Finally, all the function pointers required by the library (considering selected
+Vulkan version and enabled extensions) are checked with `VMA_ASSERT` if they are not null.
+
+
+\section custom_memory_allocator Custom host memory allocator
+
+If you use custom allocator for CPU memory rather than default operator `new`
+and `delete` from C++, you can make this library using your allocator as well
+by filling optional member VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pAllocationCallbacks. These
+functions will be passed to Vulkan, as well as used by the library itself to
+make any CPU-side allocations.
+
+\section allocation_callbacks Device memory allocation callbacks
+
+The library makes calls to `vkAllocateMemory()` and `vkFreeMemory()` internally.
+You can setup callbacks to be informed about these calls, e.g. for the purpose
+of gathering some statistics. To do it, fill optional member
+VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pDeviceMemoryCallbacks.
+
+\section heap_memory_limit Device heap memory limit
+
+When device memory of certain heap runs out of free space, new allocations may
+fail (returning error code) or they may succeed, silently pushing some existing_
+memory blocks from GPU VRAM to system RAM (which degrades performance). This
+behavior is implementation-dependent - it depends on GPU vendor and graphics
+driver.
+
+On AMD cards it can be controlled while creating Vulkan device object by using
+VK_AMD_memory_overallocation_behavior extension, if available.
+
+Alternatively, if you want to test how your program behaves with limited amount of Vulkan device
+memory available without switching your graphics card to one that really has
+smaller VRAM, you can use a feature of this library intended for this purpose.
+To do it, fill optional member VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pHeapSizeLimit.
+
+
+
+\page vk_khr_dedicated_allocation VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation
+
+VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation is a Vulkan extension which can be used to improve
+performance on some GPUs. It augments Vulkan API with possibility to query
+driver whether it prefers particular buffer or image to have its own, dedicated
+allocation (separate `VkDeviceMemory` block) for better efficiency - to be able
+to do some internal optimizations. The extension is supported by this library.
+It will be used automatically when enabled.
+
+It has been promoted to core Vulkan 1.1, so if you use eligible Vulkan version
+and inform VMA about it by setting VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::vulkanApiVersion,
+you are all set.
+
+Otherwise, if you want to use it as an extension:
+
+1 . When creating Vulkan device, check if following 2 device extensions are
+supported (call `vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties()`).
+If yes, enable them (fill `VkDeviceCreateInfo::ppEnabledExtensionNames`).
+
+- VK_KHR_get_memory_requirements2
+- VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation
+
+If you enabled these extensions:
+
+2 . Use #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT flag when creating
+your #VmaAllocator to inform the library that you enabled required extensions
+and you want the library to use them.
+
+\code
+allocatorInfo.flags |= VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT;
+
+vmaCreateAllocator(&allocatorInfo, &allocator);
+\endcode
+
+That is all. The extension will be automatically used whenever you create a
+buffer using vmaCreateBuffer() or image using vmaCreateImage().
+
+When using the extension together with Vulkan Validation Layer, you will receive
+warnings like this:
+
+_vkBindBufferMemory(): Binding memory to buffer 0x33 but vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements() has not been called on that buffer._
+
+It is OK, you should just ignore it. It happens because you use function
+`vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR()` instead of standard
+`vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements()`, while the validation layer seems to be
+unaware of it.
+
+To learn more about this extension, see:
+
+- [VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation in Vulkan specification](https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.2-extensions/html/chap50.html#VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation)
+- [VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation unofficial manual](http://asawicki.info/articles/VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation.php5)
+
+
+
+\page vk_ext_memory_priority VK_EXT_memory_priority
+
+VK_EXT_memory_priority is a device extension that allows to pass additional "priority"
+value to Vulkan memory allocations that the implementation may use prefer certain
+buffers and images that are critical for performance to stay in device-local memory
+in cases when the memory is over-subscribed, while some others may be moved to the system memory.
+
+VMA offers convenient usage of this extension.
+If you enable it, you can pass "priority" parameter when creating allocations or custom pools
+and the library automatically passes the value to Vulkan using this extension.
+
+If you want to use this extension in connection with VMA, follow these steps:
+
+\section vk_ext_memory_priority_initialization Initialization
+
+1) Call `vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties` for the physical device.
+Check if the extension is supported - if returned array of `VkExtensionProperties` contains "VK_EXT_memory_priority".
+
+2) Call `vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2` for the physical device instead of old `vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures`.
+Attach additional structure `VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryPriorityFeaturesEXT` to `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2::pNext` to be returned.
+Check if the device feature is really supported - check if `VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryPriorityFeaturesEXT::memoryPriority` is true.
+
+3) While creating device with `vkCreateDevice`, enable this extension - add "VK_EXT_memory_priority"
+to the list passed as `VkDeviceCreateInfo::ppEnabledExtensionNames`.
+
+4) While creating the device, also don't set `VkDeviceCreateInfo::pEnabledFeatures`.
+Fill in `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2` structure instead and pass it as `VkDeviceCreateInfo::pNext`.
+Enable this device feature - attach additional structure `VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryPriorityFeaturesEXT` to
+`VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2::pNext` chain and set its member `memoryPriority` to `VK_TRUE`.
+
+5) While creating #VmaAllocator with vmaCreateAllocator() inform VMA that you
+have enabled this extension and feature - add #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXT_MEMORY_PRIORITY_BIT
+to VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::flags.
+
+\section vk_ext_memory_priority_usage Usage
+
+When using this extension, you should initialize following member:
+
+- VmaAllocationCreateInfo::priority when creating a dedicated allocation with #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT.
+- VmaPoolCreateInfo::priority when creating a custom pool.
+
+It should be a floating-point value between `0.0f` and `1.0f`, where recommended default is `0.5f`.
+Memory allocated with higher value can be treated by the Vulkan implementation as higher priority
+and so it can have lower chances of being pushed out to system memory, experiencing degraded performance.
+
+It might be a good idea to create performance-critical resources like color-attachment or depth-stencil images
+as dedicated and set high priority to them. For example:
+
+\code
+VkImageCreateInfo imgCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO };
+imgCreateInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
+imgCreateInfo.extent.width = 3840;
+imgCreateInfo.extent.height = 2160;
+imgCreateInfo.extent.depth = 1;
+imgCreateInfo.mipLevels = 1;
+imgCreateInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
+imgCreateInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
+imgCreateInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
+imgCreateInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
+imgCreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
+imgCreateInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+
+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};
+allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO;
+allocCreateInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT;
+allocCreateInfo.priority = 1.0f;
+
+VkImage img;
+VmaAllocation alloc;
+vmaCreateImage(allocator, &imgCreateInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &img, &alloc, nullptr);
+\endcode
+
+`priority` member is ignored in the following situations:
+
+- Allocations created in custom pools: They inherit the priority, along with all other allocation parameters
+  from the parametrs passed in #VmaPoolCreateInfo when the pool was created.
+- Allocations created in default pools: They inherit the priority from the parameters
+  VMA used when creating default pools, which means `priority == 0.5f`.
+
+
+\page vk_amd_device_coherent_memory VK_AMD_device_coherent_memory
+
+VK_AMD_device_coherent_memory is a device extension that enables access to
+additional memory types with `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_COHERENT_BIT_AMD` and
+`VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_UNCACHED_BIT_AMD` flag. It is useful mostly for
+allocation of buffers intended for writing "breadcrumb markers" in between passes
+or draw calls, which in turn are useful for debugging GPU crash/hang/TDR cases.
+
+When the extension is available but has not been enabled, Vulkan physical device
+still exposes those memory types, but their usage is forbidden. VMA automatically
+takes care of that - it returns `VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT` when an attempt
+to allocate memory of such type is made.
+
+If you want to use this extension in connection with VMA, follow these steps:
+
+\section vk_amd_device_coherent_memory_initialization Initialization
+
+1) Call `vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties` for the physical device.
+Check if the extension is supported - if returned array of `VkExtensionProperties` contains "VK_AMD_device_coherent_memory".
+
+2) Call `vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2` for the physical device instead of old `vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures`.
+Attach additional structure `VkPhysicalDeviceCoherentMemoryFeaturesAMD` to `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2::pNext` to be returned.
+Check if the device feature is really supported - check if `VkPhysicalDeviceCoherentMemoryFeaturesAMD::deviceCoherentMemory` is true.
+
+3) While creating device with `vkCreateDevice`, enable this extension - add "VK_AMD_device_coherent_memory"
+to the list passed as `VkDeviceCreateInfo::ppEnabledExtensionNames`.
+
+4) While creating the device, also don't set `VkDeviceCreateInfo::pEnabledFeatures`.
+Fill in `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2` structure instead and pass it as `VkDeviceCreateInfo::pNext`.
+Enable this device feature - attach additional structure `VkPhysicalDeviceCoherentMemoryFeaturesAMD` to
+`VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2::pNext` and set its member `deviceCoherentMemory` to `VK_TRUE`.
+
+5) While creating #VmaAllocator with vmaCreateAllocator() inform VMA that you
+have enabled this extension and feature - add #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_AMD_DEVICE_COHERENT_MEMORY_BIT
+to VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::flags.
+
+\section vk_amd_device_coherent_memory_usage Usage
+
+After following steps described above, you can create VMA allocations and custom pools
+out of the special `DEVICE_COHERENT` and `DEVICE_UNCACHED` memory types on eligible
+devices. There are multiple ways to do it, for example:
+
+- You can request or prefer to allocate out of such memory types by adding
+  `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_UNCACHED_BIT_AMD` to VmaAllocationCreateInfo::requiredFlags
+  or VmaAllocationCreateInfo::preferredFlags. Those flags can be freely mixed with
+  other ways of \ref choosing_memory_type, like setting VmaAllocationCreateInfo::usage.
+- If you manually found memory type index to use for this purpose, force allocation
+  from this specific index by setting VmaAllocationCreateInfo::memoryTypeBits `= 1u << index`.
+
+\section vk_amd_device_coherent_memory_more_information More information
+
+To learn more about this extension, see [VK_AMD_device_coherent_memory in Vulkan specification](https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.2-extensions/man/html/VK_AMD_device_coherent_memory.html)
+
+Example use of this extension can be found in the code of the sample and test suite
+accompanying this library.
+
+
+\page enabling_buffer_device_address Enabling buffer device address
+
+Device extension VK_KHR_buffer_device_address
+allow to fetch raw GPU pointer to a buffer and pass it for usage in a shader code.
+It has been promoted to core Vulkan 1.2.
+
+If you want to use this feature in connection with VMA, follow these steps:
+
+\section enabling_buffer_device_address_initialization Initialization
+
+1) (For Vulkan version < 1.2) Call `vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties` for the physical device.
+Check if the extension is supported - if returned array of `VkExtensionProperties` contains
+"VK_KHR_buffer_device_address".
+
+2) Call `vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2` for the physical device instead of old `vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures`.
+Attach additional structure `VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures*` to `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2::pNext` to be returned.
+Check if the device feature is really supported - check if `VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures::bufferDeviceAddress` is true.
+
+3) (For Vulkan version < 1.2) While creating device with `vkCreateDevice`, enable this extension - add
+"VK_KHR_buffer_device_address" to the list passed as `VkDeviceCreateInfo::ppEnabledExtensionNames`.
+
+4) While creating the device, also don't set `VkDeviceCreateInfo::pEnabledFeatures`.
+Fill in `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2` structure instead and pass it as `VkDeviceCreateInfo::pNext`.
+Enable this device feature - attach additional structure `VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures*` to
+`VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2::pNext` and set its member `bufferDeviceAddress` to `VK_TRUE`.
+
+5) While creating #VmaAllocator with vmaCreateAllocator() inform VMA that you
+have enabled this feature - add #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT
+to VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::flags.
+
+\section enabling_buffer_device_address_usage Usage
+
+After following steps described above, you can create buffers with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT*` using VMA.
+The library automatically adds `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT*` to
+allocated memory blocks wherever it might be needed.
+
+Please note that the library supports only `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT*`.
+The second part of this functionality related to "capture and replay" is not supported,
+as it is intended for usage in debugging tools like RenderDoc, not in everyday Vulkan usage.
+
+\section enabling_buffer_device_address_more_information More information
+
+To learn more about this extension, see [VK_KHR_buffer_device_address in Vulkan specification](https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.2-extensions/html/chap46.html#VK_KHR_buffer_device_address)
+
+Example use of this extension can be found in the code of the sample and test suite
+accompanying this library.
+
+\page general_considerations General considerations
+
+\section general_considerations_thread_safety Thread safety
+
+- The library has no global state, so separate #VmaAllocator objects can be used
+  independently.
+  There should be no need to create multiple such objects though - one per `VkDevice` is enough.
+- By default, all calls to functions that take #VmaAllocator as first parameter
+  are safe to call from multiple threads simultaneously because they are
+  synchronized internally when needed.
+  This includes allocation and deallocation from default memory pool, as well as custom #VmaPool.
+- When the allocator is created with #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT
+  flag, calls to functions that take such #VmaAllocator object must be
+  synchronized externally.
+- Access to a #VmaAllocation object must be externally synchronized. For example,
+  you must not call vmaGetAllocationInfo() and vmaMapMemory() from different
+  threads at the same time if you pass the same #VmaAllocation object to these
+  functions.
+- #VmaVirtualBlock is not safe to be used from multiple threads simultaneously.
+
+\section general_considerations_versioning_and_compatibility Versioning and compatibility
+
+The library uses [**Semantic Versioning**](https://semver.org/),
+which means version numbers follow convention: Major.Minor.Patch (e.g. 2.3.0), where:
+
+- Incremented Patch version means a release is backward- and forward-compatible,
+  introducing only some internal improvements, bug fixes, optimizations etc.
+  or changes that are out of scope of the official API described in this documentation.
+- Incremented Minor version means a release is backward-compatible,
+  so existing code that uses the library should continue to work, while some new
+  symbols could have been added: new structures, functions, new values in existing
+  enums and bit flags, new structure members, but not new function parameters.
+- Incrementing Major version means a release could break some backward compatibility.
+
+All changes between official releases are documented in file "CHANGELOG.md".
+
+\warning Backward compatiblity is considered on the level of C++ source code, not binary linkage.
+Adding new members to existing structures is treated as backward compatible if initializing
+the new members to binary zero results in the old behavior.
+You should always fully initialize all library structures to zeros and not rely on their
+exact binary size.
+
+\section general_considerations_validation_layer_warnings Validation layer warnings
+
+When using this library, you can meet following types of warnings issued by
+Vulkan validation layer. They don't necessarily indicate a bug, so you may need
+to just ignore them.
+
+- *vkBindBufferMemory(): Binding memory to buffer 0xeb8e4 but vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements() has not been called on that buffer.*
+  - It happens when VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation extension is enabled.
+    `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR` function is used instead, while validation layer seems to be unaware of it.
+- *Mapping an image with layout VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL can result in undefined behavior if this memory is used by the device. Only GENERAL or PREINITIALIZED should be used.*
+  - It happens when you map a buffer or image, because the library maps entire
+    `VkDeviceMemory` block, where different types of images and buffers may end
+    up together, especially on GPUs with unified memory like Intel.
+- *Non-linear image 0xebc91 is aliased with linear buffer 0xeb8e4 which may indicate a bug.*
+  - It may happen when you use [defragmentation](@ref defragmentation).
+
+\section general_considerations_allocation_algorithm Allocation algorithm
+
+The library uses following algorithm for allocation, in order:
+
+-# Try to find free range of memory in existing blocks.
+-# If failed, try to create a new block of `VkDeviceMemory`, with preferred block size.
+-# If failed, try to create such block with size / 2, size / 4, size / 8.
+-# If failed, try to allocate separate `VkDeviceMemory` for this allocation,
+   just like when you use #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT.
+-# If failed, choose other memory type that meets the requirements specified in
+   VmaAllocationCreateInfo and go to point 1.
+-# If failed, return `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`.
+
+\section general_considerations_features_not_supported Features not supported
+
+Features deliberately excluded from the scope of this library:
+
+-# **Data transfer.** Uploading (streaming) and downloading data of buffers and images
+   between CPU and GPU memory and related synchronization is responsibility of the user.
+   Defining some "texture" object that would automatically stream its data from a
+   staging copy in CPU memory to GPU memory would rather be a feature of another,
+   higher-level library implemented on top of VMA.
+   VMA doesn't record any commands to a `VkCommandBuffer`. It just allocates memory.
+-# **Recreation of buffers and images.** Although the library has functions for
+   buffer and image creation: vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage(), you need to
+   recreate these objects yourself after defragmentation. That is because the big
+   structures `VkBufferCreateInfo`, `VkImageCreateInfo` are not stored in
+   #VmaAllocation object.
+-# **Handling CPU memory allocation failures.** When dynamically creating small C++
+   objects in CPU memory (not Vulkan memory), allocation failures are not checked
+   and handled gracefully, because that would complicate code significantly and
+   is usually not needed in desktop PC applications anyway.
+   Success of an allocation is just checked with an assert.
+-# **Code free of any compiler warnings.** Maintaining the library to compile and
+   work correctly on so many different platforms is hard enough. Being free of
+   any warnings, on any version of any compiler, is simply not feasible.
+   There are many preprocessor macros that make some variables unused, function parameters unreferenced,
+   or conditional expressions constant in some configurations.
+   The code of this library should not be bigger or more complicated just to silence these warnings.
+   It is recommended to disable such warnings instead.
+-# This is a C++ library with C interface. **Bindings or ports to any other programming languages** are welcome as external projects but
+   are not going to be included into this repository.
 */