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See the GNU + Lesser General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public + License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA + +Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. + +You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or +your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library, +if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: + + Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the + library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James + Random Hacker. + + , 1 April 1990 + Ty Coon, President of Vice + +That's all there is to it! + + diff --git a/PTQ.cabal b/PTQ.cabal new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/PTQ.cabal @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +Name: PTQ +Version: 0.0.4 +License: LGPL +License-File: COPYING +Author: Masahiro Sakai +Maintainer: Masahiro Sakai +Homepage: http://www.tom.sfc.keio.ac.jp/~sakai/hiki/?hsPTQ +Category: Natural Language Processing +Build-Type: Simple +Synopsis: An implementation of Montague's PTQ. +Description: An implementation of Montague's PTQ (Proper Treatment of Quantification). It translates simple plain English sentences into formulas of intentional logic. +Cabal-Version: >= 1.2.3 +Stability: experimental +Extra-Source-Files: + README, COPYING + src/Context.hs, src/MP.hs, src/PDict.hs, src/ParserTest.hs, + misc/Test.hs, misc/Test2.agda, misc/Test3.hs +Data-Files: cgi/index.html, cgi/main.html + +Flag UTF8Terminal + Description: Use UTF-8 for terminal I/O + Default: False + +Flag UTF8CGI + Description: Use UTF-8 for HTTP contents + Default: True + +Executable ptq + Main-Is: Main.hs + Hs-Source-Dirs: src + Other-Modules: + Expr + P + Translation + Parser + Report + Extensions: + EmptyDataDecls + GADTs + MultiParamTypeClasses + TypeOperators + TypeSynonymInstances + GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving + Build-Depends: base >=4 && <5, haskell98, mtl, containers + if flag(UTF8Terminal) + CPP-Options: "-DUSE_UTF8" + Build-Depends: utf8-string + +Executable ptq.cgi + Main-Is: CGIMain.hs + Hs-Source-Dirs: src + Other-Modules: + Expr + P + Translation + Parser + Report + CGI + URLEncoding + Extensions: + EmptyDataDecls + GADTs + MultiParamTypeClasses + TypeOperators + TypeSynonymInstances + GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving + CPP + Build-Depends: base >=4 && <5, haskell98, mtl, containers, network + if flag(UTF8CGI) + CPP-Options: "-DUSE_UTF8" + Build-Depends: utf8-string diff --git a/README b/README new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/README @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ += An implementation of Montague's PTQ in Haskell + +== Build and Install + +You'll need GHC 6.7 or later. + + % runhaskell Setup.lhs configure + % runhaskell Setup.lhs build + % runhaskell Setup.lhs install + +== Usage of interactive shell ptq + + % ptq + PTQ> John seeks a unicorn. + Parsed: + F4 john (F5 seek (F2 a unicorn)) + + Translation: + (\x0. x0 {john}) (Int (seek (Int ((\x0. \x1. exists x2. x0 {x2} && x1 {x2}) (Int unicorn))))) + + Translation (simplified): + seek (Int (\x0. exists x1. unicorn x1 && x0 {x1})) john + + ------------------------------------------------------ + + Parsed: + F10 0 (F2 a unicorn) (F4 john (F5 seek (He 0))) + + Translation: + (\x0. \x1. exists x2. x0 {x2} && x1 {x2}) (Int unicorn) (Int (\x0. (\x1. x1 {john}) (Int (seek (Int (\x1. x1 {x0})))))) + + Translation (simplified): + exists x0. unicorn x0 && seek (Int (\x1. x1 {x0})) john + PTQ> quit + % + +== Simple CGI interface + +By locating ptq.cgi, cgi/index.html and cgi/main.html to the place +where CGI is executable, you can try it on the web. + +Currenly it also runs at (()). diff --git a/Setup.lhs b/Setup.lhs new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/Setup.lhs @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +#! /usr/bin/env runhaskell + +> import Distribution.Simple +> main = defaultMain diff --git a/cgi/index.html b/cgi/index.html new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/cgi/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + + + + +Demo page of PTQ + + + + + +<a href="main.html">No frame version</a> + + + diff --git a/cgi/main.html b/cgi/main.html new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/cgi/main.html @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ + + + + +Demo page of PTQ + + + +

Demo page of PTQ

+ +

+

+ + +
+

+ +

+

+Sample: +
+

+ + diff --git a/misc/Test.hs b/misc/Test.hs new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/misc/Test.hs @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +{-# OPTIONS_GHC -fglasgow-exts #-} + +{-# OPTIONS_GHC -fallow-undecidable-instances #-} +-- coverage condition を満たしていないインスタンス宣言があるため + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- Expr.hs + +-- Benetteの意味タイプ +data E -- 個体 +data Prop -- 本来はtと書かれるけど、小文字が使えないので +data S a +-- 関数型はHaskellの -> をそのまま使う + +infixl 9 :@ + +-- 意味タイプがtである式 +data Expr t where + FVar :: Name -> Expr t + BVar :: !Int -> Expr t + Lam :: Name -> Scope b -> Expr (a -> b) + Forall :: Name -> Scope Prop -> Expr Prop + Exists :: Name -> Scope Prop -> Expr Prop + (:@) :: Expr (a -> b) -> Expr a -> Expr b + C :: C t -> Expr t + +type Name = String +newtype Scope t = Sc (Expr t) + +data C t where + John' :: C E + Mary' :: C E + Bill' :: C E + Int :: C (a -> S a) + +abstract :: Name -> Expr t -> Scope t +abstract name expr = Sc (h 0 expr) + where + h outer (FVar name') | name==name' = BVar 0 + | otherwise = FVar name' + h outer (BVar index) = BVar index + +-- instantiate :: Expr u -> Scope t -> Expr t + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +-- import Expr.hs + + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/misc/Test2.agda b/misc/Test2.agda new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/misc/Test2.agda @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +postulate s :: Set +postulate e :: Set +postulate t :: Set +postulate ext :: (a::Set) |-> (s -> a) -> a +postulate int :: (a::Set) |-> a -> (s -> a) +postulate box :: t -> t +postulate id :: e -> e -> t +postulate and :: t -> t -> t +postulate or :: t -> t -> t +postulate imply :: t -> t -> t +postulate equiv :: t -> t -> t +postulate not :: t -> t +postulate forall :: (e -> t) -> t +postulate exists :: (e -> t) -> t +postulate H :: t -> t +postulate F :: t -> t + +CN :: Set +CN = e -> t + +IV :: Set +IV = e -> t + +(/) :: Set -> Set -> Set +a / b = (s -> b) -> a + +(//) :: Set -> Set -> Set +a // b = (s -> b) -> a + +T = t / IV +TV = IV / T +IAV = IV / IV + +Det = T / CN +DTV = TV / T +TTV = TV / T +PP = IV / TV +Adj :: Set +Adj = e -> t + +be :: TV +be p x = ext p (int (\(y::e) -> id x y)) + +necessarily :: t / t +necessarily p = box (ext p) + +postulate j :: e +postulate m :: e +postulate b :: e +postulate n :: e + +John :: T +John P = ext P j + +Mary :: T +Mary P = ext P m + +Bill :: T +Bill P = ext P b + +ninty :: T +ninty P = ext P n + +a :: Det +a p q = exists (\(x::e) -> and (ext p x) (ext q x)) + +the :: Det +the p q = exists (\(y::e) -> + forall (\(x::e) -> and (equiv (ext p x) (id x y)) (ext q x))) + +every :: Det +every p q = forall (\(x::e) -> imply (ext p x) (ext q x)) + +no :: Det +no p q = forall (\(x::e) -> not (and (ext p x) (ext q x))) + +be' :: IV / Adj +be' P x = ext P x + +by :: PP / T +by P R x = ext P (int (\(y::e) -> ext R (int (\(Q::s -> e -> t) -> ext Q x)) y)) + +-- NG +by' :: PP / T +by' P R x = ext P (int (\(y::e) -> int R {! !} {! !} {! !} {! !})) +-- λP λR λx P{^ (λy [^R(y, ^(λP P{x}))])} + +bar :: ((R::{! !}) -> (h::{! !}) -> {! !}) / T +bar = \(P::s->T) -> \(R::{! !}) -> \(x::e) -> + ext P (int (\(y::e) -> {! !})) + +{- +Q : s -> e -> x + +int (\Q -> ext Q x) +-} + +F25 :: TV -> Adj +F25 delta x = exists (\(y::e) -> H (delta (int (\(P::s->e->t) -> ext P x)) y)) diff --git a/misc/Test3.hs b/misc/Test3.hs new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/misc/Test3.hs @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +{-# OPTIONS_GHC -fallow-undecidable-instances #-} +-- coverage condition を満たしていないインスタンス宣言があるため + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +data Prop +data S +data E + +infixl 9 :@ + +data Expr t where + BVar :: Int -> Expr t + FVar :: String -> Expr t + (:@) :: Expr (a->b) -> Expr a -> Expr b + Lam :: Expr b -> Expr (a->b) + Int :: Expr a -> Expr (S->a) + Ext :: Expr (S->a) -> Expr a + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +infixl 1 :/ + +data Sen +data IV +data CN +data (:/) a b + +type T = Sen :/ IV +type TV = IV :/ T +type IAV = IV :/ IV + +data P c where + F :: CatToType b u => P (a :/ b) -> P b -> P a + +class CatToType c t | c -> t +instance CatToType Sen Prop +instance CatToType IV (E->Prop) +instance CatToType CN (E->Prop) +instance (CatToType a t, CatToType b u) => CatToType (a :/ b) ((S->u)->t) + +translate :: CatToType c t => P c -> Expr t +translate (F fun arg) = translate fun :@ Int (translate arg) + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +{- +class Assoc a b | a -> b +instance Assoc Int Int + +f :: Assoc Int b => Int -> b +f x = x +-} diff --git a/src/CGI.hs b/src/CGI.hs new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/CGI.hs @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- | +-- Module : CGI +-- Copyright : Copyright (c) 2005,2006 Minero Aoki +-- License : LGPL (see COPYING) +-- +-- Maintainer: masahiro.sakai@gmail.com +-- Stability : experimental +-- Portability : non-portable + +{-# LANGUAGE CPP #-} + +-- +-- $Id: CGI.hs,v 1.2 2006/05/14 17:29:22 aamine Exp $ +-- +-- Copyright (c) 2005,2006 Minero Aoki +-- +-- This program is free software. +-- You can distribute/modify this program under the terms of +-- the GNU LGPL, Lesser General Public License version 2.1. +-- For details of the GNU LGPL, see the file "COPYING". +-- + +module CGI + (runCGI, + HTTPRequest, varExist, lookupVar, lookupVars, + HTTPResponse(..), httpResponseToString, textContentType) where + +import URLEncoding +import Data.Maybe +import Control.Monad +import System.IO +import System.Environment +#ifdef USE_UTF8 +import qualified Codec.Binary.UTF8.String as UTF8 +#endif + +runCGI :: (HTTPRequest -> IO HTTPResponse) -> IO () +runCGI f = do hSetBinaryMode stdin True + hSetBinaryMode stdout True + input <- getContents + env <- cgiEnvs + res <- f (parseCGIRequest env input) + putStr (httpResponseToString' res) + +cgiEnvs = return . catMaybes =<< mapM mGetEnvPair names + where + mGetEnvPair :: String -> IO (Maybe (String, String)) + mGetEnvPair name = catch (return . Just . (,) name =<< getEnv name) + (const $ return Nothing) + + names = [ "SERVER_NAME", "SERVER_PORT", + "SERVER_SOFTWARE", "SERVER_PROTOCOL", + "GATEWAY_INTERFACE", "SCRIPT_NAME", "REQUEST_METHOD", + "PATH_INFO", "PATH_TRANSLATED", + "CONTENT_TYPE", "CONTENT_LENGTH", "QUERY_STRING", + "HTTP_COOKIE", "HTTP_ACCEPT", + "REMOTE_HOST", "REMOTE_ADDR", "REMOTE_USER", + "AUTH_TYPE", "HTTPS" ] + +data HTTPRequest = HTTPRequest { params :: [(String, String)] } + +parseCGIRequest env input = + case method of + "GET" -> parseGET env + "POST" -> parsePOST env input + _ -> parseUnknown + where + method = getenv "REQUEST_METHOD" env + + getenv key env = fromMaybe "" $ lookup key env + + parseGET env = HTTPRequest (parseQueryString $ getenv "QUERY_STRING" env) + + parsePOST env input = HTTPRequest (parseQueryString $ input) + + -- FIXME + parseUnknown = HTTPRequest [] + + parseQueryString = map splitKV . splitQueryString + + splitQueryString = splitBy (\c -> c == ';' || c == '&') + + splitKV kv = case break (== '=') kv of + (k, ('=':v)) -> (decodeWord k, decodeWord v) + (k, "") -> (decodeWord k, "") + + decodeWord = urldecode . decodePlus + + decodePlus = map (\c -> if c == '+' then ' ' else c) + +splitBy :: (Char -> Bool) -> String -> [String] +splitBy _ [] = [] +splitBy f str = word : splitBy f cont + where + (word, cont') = break f str + cont = case cont' of + [] -> "" + (c:cs) -> cs + +varExist :: String -> HTTPRequest -> Bool +varExist key = isJust . lookupVar key + +lookupVar :: String -> HTTPRequest -> Maybe String +lookupVar key = lookup key . params + +lookupVars :: String -> HTTPRequest -> [String] +lookupVars key = lookupAll key . params + +lookupAll :: Eq a => a -> [(a,b)] -> [b] +lookupAll key = map snd . filter ((== key) . fst) + +data HTTPResponse = HTTPResponse { + resContentType :: String, + resBody :: String +} + +instance Show HTTPResponse where + show = httpResponseToString + +httpResponseToString (HTTPResponse ctype body) = + concat [ "Content-Type: ", ctype, "\r\n", + "Content-Length: ", show (length body), "\r\n", + "\r\n", + body ] + +#ifdef USE_UTF8 +httpResponseToString' (HTTPResponse ctype body) = + concat [ "Content-Type: ", ctype, "\r\n", + "Content-Length: ", show (length body'), "\r\n", + "\r\n", + body' ] + where + body' = UTF8.encodeString body +#else +httpResponseToString' = httpResponseToString +#endif + +textContentType typ encoding = concat [typ, "; charset=\"", encoding, "\""] diff --git a/src/CGIMain.hs b/src/CGIMain.hs new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/CGIMain.hs @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- | +-- Module : CGIMain +-- Copyright : (c) Masahiro Sakai 2007-2009 +-- License : BSD3-style (see LICENSE) +-- +-- Maintainer: masahiro.sakai@gmail.com +-- Stability : experimental +-- Portability : portable + +module Main where +import Report +import CGI +import Control.Concurrent + +-- 1秒以内に処理が終わらなかったら、そのままプロセスを終了 +main :: IO () +main = + do th <- myThreadId + forkIO $ threadDelay (1*1000*1000) >> killThread th + runCGI appMain + +appMain :: HTTPRequest -> IO HTTPResponse +appMain req = return $ + case lookupVar "s" req of + Nothing -> + HTTPResponse (textContentType "text/plain" "us-ascii") "(no input)\n" + Just s -> + HTTPResponse (textContentType "text/plain" "utf-8") (report s) diff --git a/src/Context.hs b/src/Context.hs new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/Context.hs @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- | +-- Module : Context +-- Copyright : (c) Masahiro Sakai 2007-2009 +-- License : BSD3-style (see LICENSE) +-- +-- Maintainer: masahiro.sakai@gmail.com +-- Stability : experimental +-- Portability : non-portable + +class Context a + +data Empty +instance Context Empty + +infixl 9 :* +infixl 9 :@ + +data (:*) c a +instance Context c => Context (c :* a) + +class Append c d e | c d -> e +instance Append c Empty c +instance Append c d e => Append c (d :* a) (e :* a) + +data BVar ctx a where + B0 :: BVar (c :* a) a + BS :: BVar c a -> BVar (c :* b) a + +data Expr c t where + B :: BVar c t -> Expr c t + (:@) :: Expr c (a->b) -> Expr c a -> Expr c b + Lam :: Expr (c :* a) b -> Expr c (a->b) + +type Name = String + +{- +inst :: Expr (c :* a) b -> Expr c a -> Expr c b +inst (B v) x = case v of + B0 -> x + BS v -> B v +inst (a :@ b) x = inst a x :@ inst b x +inst (Lam a) x = + case x of + B B0 -> + B (BS v) -> +-} + +{- +f :: forall c d a. Expr c a -> (forall a. BVar c a -> Expr d a) -> Expr d a +f x g = + case x of + a :@ b -> f a g :@ f b g + B x -> g x + Lam y -> Lam (f y g') + where g' :: forall b z. BVar (c :* z) b -> Expr (d :* z) b + g' B0 = B B0 + g' (BS x) = let foo :: Expr d b + foo = g x + bar :: Expr (d :* z) b + bar = shift foo + in bar +-} + +shift' :: forall c d e e' u t. + (Append c d e, Append (c :* u) d e') => + (forall t. BVar e t -> BVar e' t) -> + Expr e t -> Expr e' t +shift' v (a :@ b) = shift' v a :@ shift' v b +shift' v (B x) = B (v x) +shift' v (Lam x) = Lam (shift' v' x) + where v' B0 = B0 + v' (BS x) = BS (v x) + +shift0 :: Expr c t -> Expr (c :* u) t +shift0 (a :@ b) = shift0 a :@ shift0 b +shift0 (B x) = B (v0 x) +shift0 (Lam x) = Lam (shift1 x) + +v0 :: BVar c t -> BVar (c :* u) t +v0 = BS + +shift1 :: Expr (c :* a) t -> Expr (c :* u :* a) t +shift1 (a :@ b) = shift1 a :@ shift1 b +shift1 (B x) = B (v1 x) +shift1 (Lam x) = Lam (shift2 x) + +v1 :: BVar (c :* a) t -> BVar (c :* u :* a) t +v1 B0 = B0 +v1 (BS x) = BS (v0 x) + +shift2 :: Expr (c :* a :* b) t -> Expr (c :* u :* a :* b) t +shift2 (a :@ b) = shift2 a :@ shift2 b +shift2 (B x) = B (v2 x) +shift2 (Lam x) = undefined + +v2 :: BVar (c :* a :* b) t -> BVar (c :* u :* a :* b) t +v2 B0 = B0 +v2 (BS x) = BS (v1 x) diff --git a/src/Expr.hs b/src/Expr.hs new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/Expr.hs @@ -0,0 +1,246 @@ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- | +-- Module : Expr +-- Copyright : (c) Masahiro Sakai 2007-2009 +-- License : BSD3-style (see LICENSE) +-- +-- Maintainer: masahiro.sakai@gmail.com +-- Stability : experimental +-- Portability : non-portable + +{-# LANGUAGE CPP, GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving #-} +module Expr + ( Op1 (..) + , Op2 (..) + , Binder (..) + , Expr (..) + , Scope (..) + , Name + , lambda + , forall + , exists + , int + , ext + , (<@>) + , abstract + , instantiate + , normalize + , RenderM + , runRenderM + , renderExpr + , renderExprU + ) where + +import Control.Monad.RWS +import Data.List + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +data Op1 = Not | Box | F | H | Int | Ext deriving (Eq,Show) +data Op2 = And | Or | Imply | Equiv | Id deriving (Eq,Show) +data Binder = Lambda | Forall | Exists deriving (Eq,Show) + +infixl 9 :@ + +data Expr + = FVar Name -- 自由変数 + | BVar !Int -- 束縛変数 + | Expr :@ Expr -- 関数適用 + | Const String -- 定数 (≒自由変数) + | Op1 !Op1 Expr -- 前置演算子 + | Op2 !Op2 Expr Expr -- 中置演算子 + | Bind !Binder Scope -- 変数束縛 + +instance Show Expr where +#ifdef USE_UTF8 + showsPrec d x = runRenderM (renderExprU d x) +#else + showsPrec d x = runRenderM (renderExpr d x) +#endif + +newtype Scope = Sc Expr deriving Show +type Name = String + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +lambda :: Name -> Expr -> Expr +lambda name expr = Bind Lambda (abstract name expr) + +forall :: Name -> Expr -> Expr +forall name expr = Bind Forall (abstract name expr) + +exists :: Name -> Expr -> Expr +exists name expr = Bind Exists (abstract name expr) + +int :: Expr -> Expr +int = Op1 Int + +ext :: Expr -> Expr +ext = Op1 Ext + +-- 「a{b}」を「a <@> b」と表記 +infixl 9 <@> +(<@>) :: Expr -> Expr -> Expr +fun <@> arg = ext fun :@ arg + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +varChange :: (Int -> Name -> Expr) -> (Int -> Int -> Expr) -> Expr -> Expr +varChange f g = h 0 + where + h :: Int -> Expr -> Expr + h outer (FVar name) = f outer name + h outer (BVar index) = g outer index + h outer (Bind q (Sc body)) = Bind q (Sc (h (outer+1) body)) + h outer (fun :@ arg) = h outer fun :@ h outer arg + h _ (Const s) = Const s + h outer (Op1 op a) = Op1 op (h outer a) + h outer (Op2 op a b) = Op2 op (h outer a) (h outer b) + +abstract :: Name -> Expr -> Scope +abstract name expr = Sc (varChange f g expr) + where + f outer name' | name==name' = BVar outer + | otherwise = FVar name' + g outer index | index>=outer = BVar (index+1) + | otherwise = BVar index + +instantiate :: Expr -> Scope -> Expr +instantiate image (Sc body) = varChange f g body + where + f _ name = FVar name + g outer index | index==outer = varShift outer image + | index>outer = BVar (index-1) + | otherwise = BVar index + +-- 外を指している変数のインデックスをずらす +varShift :: Int -> Expr -> Expr +varShift 0 = id +varShift n = varChange f g + where + f _ name = FVar name + g outer index | index>=outer = BVar (index+n) + | otherwise = BVar index + +normalize :: Expr -> Expr +normalize (Bind Lambda (Sc body)) = + case normalize body of + f :@ BVar 0 | not (0 `elem` bvs f) -> varShift (-1) f -- η-conversion + body -> Bind Lambda (Sc body) +normalize (Bind q (Sc body)) = Bind q (Sc (normalize body)) +normalize (fun :@ arg) = + case normalize fun of + Bind Lambda body -> normalize (instantiate arg' body) -- β-reduction + fun -> fun :@ arg' + where arg' = normalize arg +normalize (Op1 Ext a) = + case normalize a of + Op1 Int b -> b + a' -> Op1 Ext a' +normalize (Op1 op a) = Op1 op (normalize a) +normalize (Op2 op a b) = Op2 op (normalize a) (normalize b) +normalize x = x + +bvs :: Expr -> [Int] +bvs (FVar _) = [] +bvs (BVar n) = [n] +bvs (f :@ x) = bvs f ++ bvs x +bvs (Const _) = [] +bvs (Op1 _ e) = bvs e +bvs (Op2 _ e1 e2) = bvs e1 ++ bvs e2 +bvs (Bind b (Sc e)) = [n - 1 | n <- bvs e, n /= 0] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +newtype RenderM a = RenderM (RWS [Name] () Int a) + deriving (Monad, MonadReader [Name]) + +runRenderM :: RenderM a -> a +runRenderM (RenderM m) = + case runRWS m [] 0 of + (a, _, _) -> a + +render :: Bool -> Int -> Expr -> RenderM ShowS +render u = h + where + h d e = case e of + FVar name -> return $ showString name + BVar index -> do + vs <- ask + return $ showString (vs !! index) + Bind q _ -> f d q e + Op1 Ext a :@ b -> do + a' <- h (app_prec+1) a + b' <- h 0 b + return $ showParen (d > app_prec) + $ a' . showString " {" . b' . showChar '}' + a :@ b -> do + a' <- h app_prec a + b' <- h (app_prec+1) b + return $ showParen (d > app_prec) $ a' . showChar ' ' . b' + Const s -> return $ showString s + Op1 op a -> do + t <- h (prec+1) a + return $ showParen (d > prec) + $ showString s . t + where + s = case op of + Not -> if u then "¬" else "not " -- ¬ (U+00AC) + Box -> if u then "◻" else "[]" -- ◻ (U+25FB) が正しそうだが □ (U+25A1) を使うのが無難か? + F -> "F " + H -> "H " + Int -> if u then "˄" else "Int " -- ˄ (U+02C4) + Ext -> if u then "˅" else "Ext " -- ˅ (U+02C5) + prec = case op of + Int | u -> app_prec + 1 + Ext | u -> app_prec + 1 + _ -> app_prec + Op2 op a b -> do + a' <- h (l prec) a + b' <- h (r prec) b + return $ showParen (d > prec) + $ a' . showChar ' ' . showString s . showChar ' ' . b' + where + (s,prec,l,r) = + case op of + And -> (if u then "∧" else "&&", 4, id, id) -- ∧ (U+2227) + Or -> (if u then "∨" else "||", 3, id, id) -- ∨ (U+2228) + Imply -> (if u then "→" else "->", 1, (+1), id) -- → (U+2192) + Equiv -> (if u then "↔" else "<->", 1, (+1), (+1)) -- ↔ (U+2194) + Id -> ("=", 2, (+1), (+1)) + + f :: Int -> Binder -> Expr -> RenderM ShowS + f d b e = do + (xs, s) <- go e + return $ showParen (d > 0) $ + showString (g b) . showString (intercalate " " xs) . showString ". " . s + where + go :: Expr -> RenderM ([Name], ShowS) + go (Bind b' (Sc body)) | b==b' = do + x <- gensym + (xs, s) <- local (x:) $ go body + return (x:xs, s) + go e = do + s <- h 0 e + return ([], s) + + g :: Binder -> String + g Lambda = if u then "λ" else "\\" -- λ (U+03BB) + g Forall = if u then "∀" else "forall " -- ∀ (U+2200) + g Exists = if u then "∃" else "exists " -- ∃ (U+2203) + + +renderExpr :: Int -> Expr -> RenderM ShowS +renderExpr = render False + +renderExprU :: Int -> Expr -> RenderM ShowS +renderExprU = render True + +app_prec :: Int +app_prec = 10 + +gensym :: RenderM Name +gensym = RenderM $ do + i <- get + put (i+1) + return ("x"++show i) diff --git a/src/MP.hs b/src/MP.hs new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/MP.hs @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- | +-- Module : MP +-- Copyright : (c) Masahiro Sakai 2007-2009 +-- License : BSD3-style (see LICENSE) +-- +-- Maintainer: masahiro.sakai@gmail.com +-- Stability : experimental +-- Portability : portable + +module MP + ( applyMP + ) + where +import Expr + +applyMP :: Expr -> Expr +-- MP1 +-- MP4 +applyMP (Const tv) | tv `elem` ["find","lose","eat","love"] = + lambda "p" $ lambda "x" $ + FVar "p" <@> (int $ lambda "y" $ Const tv :@ int (lambda "P" $ FVar "P" <@> FVar "y") :@ FVar "x") +-- MP8 +applyMP (Const "in") = + lambda "p" $ lambda "P" $ lambda "x" $ + FVar "p" <@> (int $ lambda "y" $ Const "in" :@ int (lambda "z" $ FVar "z" <@> FVar "y") :@ FVar "P" :@ FVar "x") +-- MP9 +applyMP (Const "seek") = lambda "P" $ Const "try" :@ int (find' :@ FVar "P") + where find' = applyMP (Const "find") +applyMP (Bind q (Sc body)) = Bind q (Sc (applyMP body)) +applyMP (fun :@ arg) = applyMP fun :@ applyMP arg +applyMP (Op1 op a) = Op1 op (applyMP a) +applyMP (Op2 op a b) = Op2 op (applyMP a) (applyMP b) +applyMP x = x diff --git a/src/Main.hs b/src/Main.hs new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/Main.hs @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- | +-- Module : Main +-- Copyright : (c) Masahiro Sakai 2007-2009 +-- License : BSD3-style (see LICENSE) +-- +-- Maintainer: masahiro.sakai@gmail.com +-- Stability : experimental +-- Portability : non-portable + +{-# LANGUAGE CPP #-} +module Main where +import Report +#ifdef USE_UTF8 +import Prelude hiding (putStr, getLine) +import System.IO hiding (putStr, getLine) +import System.IO.UTF8 +#else +import System.IO +#endif + +main :: IO () +main = + do -- FIXME: バナーを表示 + hSetBuffering stdout NoBuffering + loop + +loop :: IO () +loop = + do putStr "PTQ> " + s <- getLine + case s of + "quit" -> return () + _ -> do + putStr (report s) + loop diff --git a/src/P.hs b/src/P.hs new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/P.hs @@ -0,0 +1,206 @@ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- | +-- Module : P +-- Copyright : (c) Masahiro Sakai 2007-2009 +-- License : BSD3-style (see LICENSE) +-- +-- Maintainer: masahiro.sakai@gmail.com +-- Stability : experimental +-- Portability : non-portable + +{-# LANGUAGE TypeOperators, GADTs, EmptyDataDecls, MultiParamTypeClasses + , TypeSynonymInstances #-} + +module P + ( Sen + , IV + , CN + , Adj + , (:/) + , (://) + , Cat (..) + , cat_Sen + , cat_IV + , cat_CN + , cat_Adj + , T + , TV + , IAV + , cat_T + , cat_TV + , cat_IAV + , Det + , DTV + , TTV + , PP + , cat_Det + , cat_DTV + , cat_PP + , PronounNo + , P (..) + , PAny (..) + , F5 + , F6 + , F8 (..) + , F9 (..) + , F10 (..) + ) where +import Expr + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +infixl 1 :/ +infixl 1 :// + +-- 型レベルでの範疇の表現 +data Sen -- 文。本来はtと書かれるけど小文字が使えないので +data IV -- 動詞句, 自動詞: walk +data CN -- 普通名詞(句): man +data Adj -- 形容詞? (定義が載っていなかった) +data (:/) a b +data (://) a b + +-- 範疇を型レベルだけでなく値レベルでも表現 +data Cat a where + Sen :: Cat Sen + IV :: Cat IV + CN :: Cat CN + Adj :: Cat Adj + (:/) :: Cat a -> Cat b -> Cat (a :/ b) + (://) :: Cat a -> Cat b -> Cat (a :// b) +cat_Sen = Sen +cat_IV = IV +cat_CN = CN +cat_Adj = Adj + +type T = Sen :/ IV -- 名詞句, 固有名詞: John, he +type TV = IV :/ T -- 他動詞(句): find +type IAV = IV :/ IV -- 動詞句修飾の副詞(句): slowly +cat_T = cat_Sen :/ cat_IV +cat_TV = cat_IV :/ cat_T +cat_IAV = cat_IV :/ cat_IV + +-- FIXME: 定義が載っていなかった範疇 +type Det = T :/ CN -- 冠詞 +type DTV = TV :/ T -- ditransitive verb : 名詞句を２つ取る他動詞 +type TTV = TV :/ T -- to transitive verb : DTVと名詞句の順序が逆? +type PP = IV :/ TV -- prepositional phrase?: by John +cat_Det = cat_T :/ cat_CN +cat_DTV = cat_TV :/ cat_T +cat_PP = cat_IV :/ cat_TV + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +type PronounNo = Int + +-- 範疇がcである表現 +data P c where + -- 基本表現 + B :: Cat c -> String -> P c + He :: PronounNo -> P T + + -- 統語規則 + -- F1はないのね + F2 :: P Det -> P CN -> P T + F3 :: PronounNo -> P CN -> P Sen -> P CN + F4 :: P T -> P IV -> P Sen + F5 :: F5 c => P (c :/ T) -> P T -> P c + F6 :: F6 c a => P (c :/ a) -> P a -> P c + F7 :: P IAV -> P IV -> P IV + F8 :: F8 c => P c -> P c -> P c -- and + F9 :: F9 c => P c -> P c -> P c -- or + F10 :: F10 c => PronounNo -> P T -> P c -> P c -- 文の中への量化 + F11 :: P T -> P IV -> P Sen + F12 :: P T -> P IV -> P Sen + F13 :: P T -> P IV -> P Sen + F14 :: P T -> P IV -> P Sen + F15 :: P T -> P IV -> P Sen + F16 :: P (IV :/ Sen) -> P Sen -> P IV + F17 :: P (IV :// IV) -> P IV -> P IV + -- F18はないのね + F19 :: P TV -> P IV + F20 :: P DTV -> P T -> P TV + F21 :: P DTV -> P T -> P TV + F22 :: P DTV -> P TTV + F23 :: P PP -> P TV -> P IV + F24 :: P (PP :/ T) -> P T -> P PP + F25 :: P TV -> P Adj + +data PAny where + PAny :: P a -> PAny + +class F5 c +instance F5 IV -- T5 +instance F5 IAV -- T6 + +class F6 c a +instance F6 Sen Sen -- T9 +instance F6 IV Adj -- T18 + +class F8 c where f8 :: Cat c +instance F8 Sen where f8 = cat_Sen +instance F8 IV where f8 = cat_IV + +class F9 c where f9 :: Cat c +instance F9 Sen where f9 = cat_Sen +instance F9 IV where f9 = cat_IV +instance F9 T where f9 = cat_T + +class F10 c where f10 :: Cat c +instance F10 Sen where f10 = cat_Sen +instance F10 CN where f10 = cat_CN +instance F10 IV where f10 = cat_IV + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +-- Ughhh!! +instance Show (P c) where + showsPrec _ (B _ s) = showString s + showsPrec d (He n) = c1 d "He" n + showsPrec d (F2 x y) = c2 d "F2" x y + showsPrec d (F3 n x y) = c3 d "F3" n x y + showsPrec d (F4 x y) = c2 d "F4" x y + showsPrec d (F5 x y) = c2 d "F5" x y + showsPrec d (F6 x y) = c2 d "F6" x y + showsPrec d (F7 x y) = c2 d "F7" x y + showsPrec d (F8 x y) = c2 d "F8" x y + showsPrec d (F9 x y) = c2 d "F9" x y + showsPrec d (F10 n x y) = c3 d "F10" n x y + showsPrec d (F11 x y) = c2 d "F11" x y + showsPrec d (F12 x y) = c2 d "F12" x y + showsPrec d (F13 x y) = c2 d "F13" x y + showsPrec d (F14 x y) = c2 d "F14" x y + showsPrec d (F15 x y) = c2 d "F15" x y + showsPrec d (F16 x y) = c2 d "F16" x y + showsPrec d (F17 x y) = c2 d "F17" x y + showsPrec d (F19 x) = c1 d "F19" x + showsPrec d (F20 x y) = c2 d "F20" x y + showsPrec d (F21 x y) = c2 d "F21" x y + showsPrec d (F22 x) = c1 d "F22" x + showsPrec d (F23 x y) = c2 d "F23" x y + showsPrec d (F24 x y) = c2 d "F24" x y + showsPrec d (F25 x) = c1 d "F25" x + +instance Show PAny where + showsPrec d (PAny p) = c1 d "PAny" p + +c1 :: (Show x) => Int -> String -> x -> ShowS +c1 d con x = + showParen (d > app_prec) $ + showString con + . showChar ' ' . showsPrec (app_prec+1) x +c2 :: (Show x, Show y) => Int -> String -> x -> y -> ShowS +c2 d con x y = + showParen (d > app_prec) $ + showString con + . showChar ' ' . showsPrec (app_prec+1) x + . showChar ' ' . showsPrec (app_prec+1) y +c3 :: (Show x, Show y, Show z) => Int -> String -> x -> y -> z -> ShowS +c3 d con x y z = + showParen (d > app_prec) $ + showString con + . showChar ' ' . showsPrec (app_prec+1) x + . showChar ' ' . showsPrec (app_prec+1) y + . showChar ' ' . showsPrec (app_prec+1) z +app_prec :: Int +app_prec = 10 diff --git a/src/PDict.hs b/src/PDict.hs new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/PDict.hs @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- | +-- Module : PDict +-- Copyright : (c) Masahiro Sakai 2007-2009 +-- License : BSD3-style (see LICENSE) +-- +-- Maintainer: masahiro.sakai@gmail.com +-- Stability : experimental +-- Portability : portable + +module PDict where + +import P + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +john, mary, bill, ninety :: P T +john = B cat_T "john" +mary = B cat_T "mary" +bill = B cat_T "bill" +ninety = B cat_T "ninety" + +run, walk, talk, rise, change :: P IV +run = B cat_IV "run" +walk = B cat_IV "walk" +talk = B cat_IV "talk" +rise = B cat_IV "rise" +change = B cat_IV "change" + +find, lose, eat, love, date, seek, coneiveg :: P TV +find = B cat_TV "find" +lose = B cat_TV "lose" +eat = B cat_TV "eat" +love = B cat_TV "love" +date = B cat_TV "date" +seek = B cat_TV "seek" +coneiveg = B cat_TV "coneiveg" + +man, woman, park, fish, pen, unicorn, price, temperature :: P CN +man = B cat_CN "man" +woman = B cat_CN "woman" +park = B cat_CN "park" +fish = B cat_CN "fish" +pen = B cat_CN "pen" +unicorn = B cat_CN "unicorn" +price = B cat_CN "price" +temperature = B cat_CN "temperature" + +slowly :: P IAV +slowly = B cat_IAV "slowly" + +believe, assert :: P (IV :/ Sen) +believe = B (cat_IV :/ cat_Sen) "beleave" +assert = B (cat_IV :/ cat_Sen) "assert" + +asleep :: P Adj +asleep = B cat_Adj "asleep" + +try', wish :: P (IV :// IV) +try' = B (cat_IV :// cat_IV) "try" +wish = B (cat_IV :// cat_IV) "wish" + +in', about :: P (IAV :/ T) +in' = B (cat_IAV :/ cat_T) "in" +about = B (cat_IAV :/ cat_T) "about" + +a, every :: P Det +a = B cat_Det "a" +every = B cat_Det "every" + +necessarily :: P (Sen :/ Sen) +necessarily = B (cat_Sen :/ cat_Sen) "necessarily" + +class Be c where + be :: P c +instance Be TV where + be = B cat_TV "be" +instance Be (IV :/ Adj) where + be = B (cat_IV :/ cat_Adj) "be" diff --git a/src/Parser.hs b/src/Parser.hs new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/Parser.hs @@ -0,0 +1,722 @@ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- | +-- Module : Parser +-- Copyright : (c) Masahiro Sakai 2007-2009 +-- License : BSD3-style (see LICENSE) +-- +-- Maintainer: masahiro.sakai@gmail.com +-- Stability : experimental +-- Portability : non-portable + +{-# LANGUAGE TypeOperators #-} +module Parser (parse, parseAny) where + +import Data.Char +import Control.Monad +import qualified Data.IntSet as IS + +import P hiding (f8,f9,f10) + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- パーサのコア部分 + +type Token = String + +newtype Parser a + = Parser + { runParser :: Env -> State -> [Token] -> [(a, State, [Token])] + } + +instance Monad Parser where + return x = Parser $ \_ s ts -> [(x,s,ts)] + m >>= f = Parser $ \env s ts -> + do (v,s',ts') <- runParser m env s ts + runParser (f v) env s' ts' + +instance MonadPlus Parser where + mzero = Parser $ \_ _ _ -> [] + mplus x y = Parser $ \env s ts -> + runParser x env s ts ++ runParser y env s ts + +infixr 0 <|> +(<|>) :: Parser a -> Parser a -> Parser a +(<|>) = mplus + +anyToken :: Parser Token +anyToken = Parser g + where g _ _ [] = [] + g _ s (t:ts) = [(t, s, ts)] + +lookAhead :: Parser Token +lookAhead = Parser g + where g _ _ [] = [] + g _ s (t:ts) = [(t, s, t:ts)] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- 環境 + +data Env + = Env + { s3env :: S3Env + } + +initialEnv :: Env +initialEnv = Env{ s3env = initialS3Env } + +local :: (Env -> Env) -> Parser a -> Parser a +local f (Parser g) = Parser g' + where g' env s ts = g (f env) s ts + +ask :: Parser Env +ask = Parser g + where g env s ts = [(env,s,ts)] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- 状態 + +data State + = State + { gensymState :: PronounNo + , f10State :: F10State + } +initialState :: State +initialState = State{ gensymState = 0, f10State = initialF10State } + +get :: Parser State +get = Parser g + where g _ s xs = [(s,s,xs)] + +put :: State -> Parser () +put s = Parser g + where g _ _ xs = [((),s,xs)] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- S3Env + +type S3Env = [(PronounNo,Gender)] -- S3規則で使うためのデータ +initialS3Env :: S3Env +initialS3Env = [] + +localS3 :: (S3Env -> S3Env) -> Parser a -> Parser a +localS3 f = local (\env@Env{ s3env = x } -> env{ s3env = f x }) + +askS3 :: Parser S3Env +askS3 = liftM s3env ask + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- Counter + +gensym :: Parser PronounNo +gensym = + do s@State{ gensymState = i } <- get + put s{ gensymState = i+1 } + return i + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- F10のための処理 + +-- DVarStateみたいな名前にした方が良いか +type F10Entry = (PronounNo, Gender, P T, IS.IntSet) +type F10State = [F10Entry] -- F10で使うためのデータ +initialF10State :: F10State +initialF10State = [] + +getF10State :: Parser F10State +getF10State = + do State{ f10State = s } <- get + return s + +putF10State :: F10State -> Parser () +putF10State s = + do x <- get + put x{ f10State = s } + +asPronoun :: Gender -> P T -> Parser (P T) +asPronoun g t = + do n <- gensym + s <- getF10State + putF10State ((n,g,t,fvs t) : s) + return (He n) + +mayF10s :: F10 c => Parser (P c) -> Parser (P c) +mayF10s p = liftM fst $ mayF10s' $ p >>= \x -> return (x,()) + +mayF10s' :: F10 c => Parser (P c, a) -> Parser (P c, a) +mayF10s' p = + do s <- getF10State + putF10State [] + (x,a) <- localS3 ([(n,g) | (n,g,_,_)<-s]++) p + x <- introF10s x + s' <- getF10State + putF10State (s'++s) + return (x,a) + +introF10 :: F10 c => P c -> Parser (P c) +introF10 x = + do (n, _, alpha, _) <- takeF10Entry + return (F10 n alpha x) + +introF10s :: F10 c => P c -> Parser (P c) +introF10s x = (introF10 x >>= introF10s) <|> return x + +-- F10に変換可能なエントリを取り出す +takeF10Entry :: Parser F10Entry +takeF10Entry = + do s <- getF10State + (e@(n,_,_,_), s') <- msum $ map return $ pick s + noDanglingRef n + putF10State s' + return e + +pick :: [a] -> [(a,[a])] +pick [] = [] +pick (x:xs) = (x,xs) : [(y,x:ys) | (y,ys) <- pick xs] + +-- nへの参照が残っていないことを保障 +noDanglingRef :: PronounNo -> Parser () +noDanglingRef n = + do s <- getF10State + guard $ and [not (IS.member n vs) | (_,_,_,vs) <- s] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- パーサのユーティリティ + +token :: Token -> Parser Token +token x = + do y <- anyToken + guard $ x==y + return y + +many, many1 :: Parser a -> Parser [a] +many p = many1 p <|> return [] +many1 p = + do x <- p + xs <- many p + return (x:xs) + +chainr1 :: Parser a -> Parser (a->a->a) -> Parser a +chainr1 p q = + do x <- p + f <- do{ op <- q; y <- chainr1 p q; return (`op` y) } <|> return id + return (f x) + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- API + +parse :: String -> [P Sen] +parse = parse' p_t + +parseAny :: String -> [PAny] +parseAny s = concat $ + [ f p_Det, f (liftM fst p_CN), f p_IAV_T, f p_t_t, f p_t, f p_Adj, f p_PP + , f p_IAV, f p_PP_T ] ++ + [ f (p_T x) | x <- [Subject, Object] ] ++ + [ concat [ f (p_IV x), f (p_TV x), f (p_IV__IV x), f (p_DTV x), f (p_IV_t x) + , f (p_IV_Adj x)] | x <- vfs ] + where + f :: Parser (P a) -> [PAny] + f p = map PAny (parse' p s) + vfs :: [VerbForm] + vfs = [VFOrig, VFPastParticiple] ++ [f True | f <- [VFPresent, VFFuture, VFPerfect]] + -- 否定形の動詞それ自体はPで表現できないのでパース出来ない + +parse' :: Parser (P a) -> String -> [P a] +parse' p s = [x | (x, State{ f10State = [] }, []) <- runParser p initialEnv initialState ts] + where ts = tokenize s + +tokenize :: String -> [Token] +tokenize = expandAbbr . words . map toLower . filter ('.'/=) + +expandAbbr :: [String] -> [String] +expandAbbr = concatMap f + where f "doesn't" = ["does", "not"] + f "won't" = ["will", "not"] + f "hasn't" = ["has", "not"] + f "isn't" = ["is", "not"] + f x = [x] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- 各範疇のパーサ + +p_Det :: Parser (P Det) +p_Det = + do x@(B _ s) <- s1_Det + let x' = if s=="an" then B cat_Det "a" else x -- XXX + -- FIXME: anの場合には次の語が母音で始まるかチェック + return $ x' + +p_CN :: Parser (P CN, Gender) +p_CN = mayF10s' $ -- S15 + do (zeta,g) <- s1_CN + zeta <- s3s g zeta + return (zeta,g) + +-- FIXME: 全ての組み合わせを網羅している? +p_T :: Case -> Parser (P T) +p_T c = chainr1 (p <|> he_n c) f9 -- S13 + where p = do (x,g) <- s1_T <|> s2 + return x <|> asPronoun g x + +-- He_n +he_n :: Case -> Parser (P T) +he_n c = + do g <- case c of + Subject -> + msum [ token "he" >> return Masculine + , token "she" >> return Feminine + , token "it" >> return Neuter + ] + Object -> + msum [ token "him" >> return Masculine + , token "her" >> return Feminine + , token "it" >> return Neuter + ] + xs <- getF10State + ys <- askS3 + let ns = [(n,g') | (n, g', _, _) <- xs] ++ ys + msum [ return (He n) | (n,g') <- ns, g==g' ] + +-- FIXME: 全ての組み合わせを網羅している? +p_IV :: VerbForm -> Parser (P IV) +p_IV vf = mayF10s q -- S16 + where p = do x <- s1_IV vf + <|> s5 vf + <|> s7 vf + <|> s8 vf + <|> s18 vf + <|> s19 vf + <|> s23 vf + liftM (foldl (flip F7) x) (many p_IAV) -- S10 + q = chainr1 p (f8 <|> f9) -- S12a, S12b + +p_TV :: VerbForm -> Parser (P TV) +p_TV vf = s1_TV vf <|> s20 vf <|> s21 vf + +p_IAV_T :: Parser (P (IAV :/ T)) +p_IAV_T = s1_IAV_T + +p_IV__IV :: VerbForm -> Parser (P (IV :// IV)) +p_IV__IV = s1_IV__IV + +p_t_t :: Parser (P (Sen :/ Sen)) +p_t_t = s1_t_t + +-- FIXME: 全ての組み合わせを網羅している? +p_t :: Parser (P Sen) +p_t = mayF10s $ -- S14 + chainr1 (s9 <|> s4_or_s17) (f8 <|> f9) -- S11a, S11b + +p_IV_t :: VerbForm -> Parser (P (IV :/ Sen)) +p_IV_t = s1_IV_t + +p_IV_Adj :: VerbForm -> Parser (P (IV :/ Adj)) +p_IV_Adj vf = s1_IV_Adj vf + +p_Adj :: Parser (P Adj) +p_Adj = s1_Adj <|> s25 + +-- FIXME +p_DTV :: VerbForm -> Parser (P DTV) +p_DTV vf = mzero -- ??? + +p_PP :: Parser (P PP) +p_PP = s24 + +p_IAV :: Parser (P IAV) +p_IAV = s1_IAV <|> s6 + +p_PP_T :: Parser (P (PP :/ T)) +p_PP_T = s1_PP_T + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- 動詞の辞書 + +-- (原形, 三人称単数現在形, 過去分詞) +type VerbEntry = (String, String, String) + +verb_be :: VerbEntry +verb_be = ("be", "is", "been") + +{-# INLINE regularVerb #-} +regularVerb :: String -> VerbEntry +regularVerb s = (s, present, past_participle) + where + rs = reverse s + present = + case rs of + 's':'s':_ -> s ++ "es" + 'h':'c':_ -> s ++ "es" + 'h':'s':_ -> s ++ "es" + 'x':_ -> s ++ "es" + 'y':s' -> reverse s' ++ "ies" + _ -> s ++ "s" + past_participle = + case rs of + 'e':_ -> s ++ "d" + 'y':s' -> reverse s' ++ "ied" + _ -> s ++ "ed" + +dict_IV :: [VerbEntry] +dict_IV = + [ regularVerb "walk" + , regularVerb "talk" + , regularVerb "change" + , ("run", "runs", "ran") + , ("rise", "rises", "rosen") + ] + +dict_TV :: [VerbEntry] +dict_TV = + [ ("find", "finds", "found") + , ("lose", "loses", "lost") + , ("eat", "eats", "eaten") + , ("seek", "seeks", "sought") + , regularVerb "love" + , regularVerb "date" + --, "coneive" -- FIXME: conceiveの間違い? + , verb_be + ] + +dict_IV_t :: [VerbEntry] +dict_IV_t = + [ regularVerb "believe" + , regularVerb "assert" + ] + +dict_IV__IV :: [VerbEntry] +dict_IV__IV = + [ regularVerb "try" + , regularVerb "wish" + ] + +dict_IV_Adj :: [VerbEntry] +dict_IV_Adj = [verb_be] + +-- DTVをTTVに変換することは出来るから、giveの範疇はDTVだろうな。多分。 +dict_DTV :: [VerbEntry] +dict_DTV = + [ ("give", "gives", "given") + ] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- 動詞のパーサ + +data VerbForm + = VFOrig -- 原形 + | VFPastParticiple -- 過去分詞 + | VFPresent !Bool -- 三人称単数現在形とその否定形 + | VFFuture !Bool -- 三人称単数未来系とその否定形 + | VFPerfect !Bool -- 三人称単数現在完了系とその否定形 + +{-# INLINE verbParser #-} +verbParser :: Cat c -> [VerbEntry] -> VerbForm -> Parser (P c) +verbParser cat dict vf = + do s <- verbParser' dict vf + return (B cat s) + +-- FIXME: 後で整理する +{-# INLINE verbParser' #-} +verbParser' :: [VerbEntry] -> VerbForm -> Parser String +verbParser' dict (VFPresent False) = + mplus (do token "does" + token "not" + x <- verbParser' dict VFOrig + guard (x/="be") + return x) + (do x <- verbParser' dict (VFPresent True) + guard (x=="be") + token "not" + return x) +verbParser' dict (VFFuture b) = + do token "will" + unless b $ token "not" >> return () + verbParser' dict VFOrig +verbParser' dict (VFPerfect b) = + do token "has" + unless b $ token "not" >> return () + verbParser' dict VFPastParticiple +verbParser' dict vf = + do x <- anyToken + msum [ return o + | (o, present, pastparticiple) <- dict + , case vf of + VFOrig -> o==x + VFPastParticiple -> pastparticiple==x + VFPresent True -> present==x + _ -> False -- shouldn't happen + ] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- 名詞の辞書とパーサ + +data Case = Subject | Object deriving (Show,Eq,Ord) + +data Gender = Masculine | Feminine | Neuter deriving (Show,Eq,Ord) +type NounEntry = (String, Gender) + +dict_T :: [NounEntry] +dict_T = + [ ("john" , Masculine) + , ("mary" , Feminine) + , ("bill" , Masculine) + , ("ninety" , Neuter) + ] + +dict_CN :: [NounEntry] +dict_CN = + [ ("man" , Masculine) + , ("woman" , Feminine) + , ("park" , Neuter) + , ("fish" , Neuter) + , ("pen" , Neuter) + , ("unicorn" , Neuter) + , ("price" , Neuter) + , ("temperature" , Neuter) + ] + +{-# INLINE nounParser #-} +nounParser :: Cat c -> [NounEntry] -> Parser (P c, Gender) +nounParser c dict = + do x <- anyToken + case lookup x dict of + Nothing -> mzero + Just g -> return (B c x, g) + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- それ以外の基本表現の辞書とパーサ + +dict_IAV :: [String] +dict_IAV = + [ "rapidly" + , "slowly" + , "voluntarily" + , "allegedly" + ] + +dict_t_t :: [String] +dict_t_t = ["necessarily"] + +dict_IAV_T :: [String] +dict_IAV_T = ["in", "about"] + +dict_Adj :: [String] +dict_Adj = ["asleep"] + +dict_Det :: [String] +dict_Det = ["a", "an", "the", "every", "no"] + +dict_PP_T :: [String] +dict_PP_T = ["by"] + +{-# INLINE dictParser #-} +dictParser :: Cat c -> [String] -> Parser (P c) +dictParser cat dict = + do x <- anyToken + guard $ x `elem` dict + return $ B cat x + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- 各統語規則のパーサ + +s1_IV :: VerbForm -> Parser (P IV) +s1_IV = verbParser cat_IV dict_IV + +s1_TV :: VerbForm -> Parser (P TV) +s1_TV = verbParser cat_TV dict_TV + +s1_IV_t :: VerbForm -> Parser (P (IV :/ Sen)) +s1_IV_t = verbParser (cat_IV :/ cat_Sen) dict_IV_t + +s1_IV__IV :: VerbForm -> Parser (P (IV :// IV)) +s1_IV__IV = verbParser (cat_IV :// cat_IV) dict_IV__IV + +s1_IV_Adj :: VerbForm -> Parser (P (IV :/ Adj)) +s1_IV_Adj = verbParser (cat_IV :/ cat_Adj) dict_IV_Adj + +s1_T :: Parser (P T, Gender) +s1_T = nounParser cat_T dict_T + +s1_CN :: Parser (P CN, Gender) +s1_CN = nounParser cat_CN dict_CN + +s1_IAV :: Parser (P IAV) +s1_IAV = dictParser cat_IAV dict_IAV + +s1_t_t :: Parser (P (Sen :/ Sen)) +s1_t_t = dictParser (cat_Sen :/ cat_Sen) dict_t_t + +s1_IAV_T :: Parser (P (IAV :/ T)) +s1_IAV_T = dictParser (cat_IAV :/ cat_T) dict_IAV_T + +s1_Adj :: Parser (P Adj) +s1_Adj = dictParser cat_Adj dict_Adj + +s1_Det :: Parser (P Det) +s1_Det = dictParser cat_Det dict_Det + +s1_PP_T :: Parser (P (PP :/ T)) +s1_PP_T = dictParser (cat_PP :/ cat_T) dict_PP_T + +s2 :: Parser (P T, Gender) +s2 = + do delta <- p_Det + -- w <- lookAhead + (zeta,g) <- p_CN + return (F2 delta zeta, g) + +s3s :: Gender -> P CN -> Parser (P CN) +s3s g zeta = (s3_postfix g zeta >>= s3s g) <|> return zeta + +s3_postfix :: Gender -> P CN -> Parser (P CN) +s3_postfix g zeta = + do token "such" + token "that" + n <- gensym + phi <- localS3 ((n,g):) p_t + guard $ IS.member n (fvs phi) -- XXX: He n が現れていることを検査。 + noDanglingRef n -- nを参照している参照が残っていないことを保障 + return (F3 n zeta phi) + +s4_or_s17 :: Parser (P Sen) +s4_or_s17 = + do alpha <- p_T Subject + msum [ do delta <- p_IV (VFPresent True) + return (F4 alpha delta) -- 三人称単数現在形 (S4) + , do delta <- p_IV (VFPresent False) + return (F11 alpha delta) -- 三人称単数現在の否定形 (S17) + , do delta <- p_IV (VFFuture True) + return (F12 alpha delta) -- 三人称単数未来形 (S17) + , do delta <- p_IV (VFFuture False) + return (F13 alpha delta) -- 三人称単数未来の否定形 (S17) + , do delta <- p_IV (VFPerfect True) + return (F14 alpha delta) -- 三人称単数現在完了形 (S17) + , do delta <- p_IV (VFPerfect False) + return (F15 alpha delta) -- 三人称単数現在完了の否定形 (S17) + ] + +s5 :: VerbForm -> Parser (P IV) +s5 vf = + do delta <- p_TV vf + beta <- p_T Object + return (F5 delta beta) + +s6 :: Parser (P IAV) +s6 = + do delta <- p_IAV_T + beta <- p_T Object + return (F5 delta beta) + +s7 :: VerbForm -> Parser (P IV) +s7 vf = + do delta <- p_IV_t vf + token "that" + phi <- p_t + return (F16 delta phi) + +s8 :: VerbForm -> Parser (P IV) +s8 vf = + do delta <- p_IV__IV vf + token "to" + beta <- p_IV VFOrig + return (F17 delta beta) + +s9 :: Parser (P Sen) +s9 = + do delta <- p_t_t + beta <- p_t + return (F6 delta beta) + +-- S10 は他のパーサの中に組み込んでしまっている +-- S11a, S11b, S12a, S12b, S13 は他のパーサの中に組み込んでしまっている +-- S14, S15, S16 は他のパーサの中に組み込んでしまっている + +f8 :: F8 c => Parser (P c -> P c -> P c) +f8 = token "and" >> return F8 + +f9 :: F9 c => Parser (P c -> P c -> P c) +f9 = token "or" >> return F9 + +-- S17はS4のパーサの中に組み込んでしまっている + +-- 講義資料でF9と書いてある??? +s18 :: VerbForm -> Parser (P IV) +s18 vf = + do alpha <- p_IV_Adj vf + beta <- p_Adj + return (F6 alpha beta) + +s19 :: VerbForm -> Parser (P IV) +s19 vf = liftM F19 (p_TV vf) + +-- FIXME: S20とS21のどちらかはTTVでは? +-- S20の方か? + +-- ???: x が DTV ならば、x to him は TV +s20 :: VerbForm -> Parser (P TV) +s20 vf = + do delta <- p_DTV vf + token "to" + beta <- p_T Object + return (F20 delta beta) + +s21 :: VerbForm -> Parser (P TV) +s21 vf = + do delta <- p_DTV vf + beta <- p_T Object + return (F21 delta beta) + +-- FIXME: この規則はどこからも使われていないけど良いのだろうか? +s22 :: VerbForm -> Parser (P TTV) +s22 vf = liftM F22 (p_DTV vf) + +-- FIXME: αが-enならばというのは何を指している? +-- δ が been, rosen, eaten であること? +s23 :: VerbForm -> Parser (P IV) +s23 vf = + do verbParser' [verb_be] vf + delta <- p_TV VFPastParticiple + alpha <- p_PP + return (F23 alpha delta) + +-- FIXME: αが-enならばというのは何を指している? +-- β≠he_n の間違いか? +s24 :: Parser (P PP) +s24 = + do alpha <- p_PP_T + beta <- p_T Object + return (F24 alpha beta) + +s25 :: Parser (P Adj) +s25 = + do delta <- p_TV VFPastParticiple + return (F25 delta) + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +-- He n で表される「自由変数」の集合 +fvs :: P c -> IS.IntSet +fvs (B _ _) = IS.empty +fvs (He n) = IS.singleton n +fvs (F2 x y) = IS.union (fvs x) (fvs y) +fvs (F3 n x y) = IS.delete n $ IS.union (fvs x) (fvs y) +fvs (F4 x y) = IS.union (fvs x) (fvs y) +fvs (F5 x y) = IS.union (fvs x) (fvs y) +fvs (F6 x y) = IS.union (fvs x) (fvs y) +fvs (F7 x y) = IS.union (fvs x) (fvs y) +fvs (F8 x y) = IS.union (fvs x) (fvs y) +fvs (F9 x y) = IS.union (fvs x) (fvs y) +fvs (F10 n x y) = IS.delete n $ IS.union (fvs x) (fvs y) +fvs (F11 x y) = IS.union (fvs x) (fvs y) +fvs (F12 x y) = IS.union (fvs x) (fvs y) +fvs (F13 x y) = IS.union (fvs x) (fvs y) +fvs (F14 x y) = IS.union (fvs x) (fvs y) +fvs (F15 x y) = IS.union (fvs x) (fvs y) +fvs (F16 x y) = IS.union (fvs x) (fvs y) +fvs (F17 x y) = IS.union (fvs x) (fvs y) +fvs (F19 x) = fvs x +fvs (F20 x y) = IS.union (fvs x) (fvs y) +fvs (F21 x y) = IS.union (fvs x) (fvs y) +fvs (F22 x) = fvs x +fvs (F23 x y) = IS.union (fvs x) (fvs y) +fvs (F24 x y) = IS.union (fvs x) (fvs y) +fvs (F25 x) = fvs x diff --git a/src/ParserTest.hs b/src/ParserTest.hs new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/ParserTest.hs @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- | +-- Module : PTest +-- Copyright : (c) Masahiro Sakai 2007-2009 +-- License : BSD3-style (see LICENSE) +-- +-- Maintainer: masahiro.sakai@gmail.com +-- Stability : experimental +-- Portability : non-portable + +import Report + +test :: String -> IO () +test = putStr . report + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +ex4_1 = "John seeks a unicorn." +-- ex4_2 +ex4_3 = "John finds a unicorn." +ex4_4 = "Necessarily John walks." +ex4_5 = "John is Bill." +ex4_6 = "John is a unicorn." + +ex_1 = "John believes that a unicorn talks." +ex_2 = "Every woman loves a unicorn." +ex_3 = "Every woman loves John." +ex_4 = "A unicorn walks and it talks." +ex_5 = "Every unicorn such that it walks talks." +ex_6 = "John walks slowly." +ex_7 = "John walks in a park." +ex_8 = "John wishes to find a unicorn and eat it." +ex_9 = "A man or a woman is asleep." +ex_10 = "A man is asleep or a woman is asleep." +ex_11 = "A man or a woman loves every unicorn." +ex_12 = "A man loves every unicorn or a woman loves every unicorn." +ex_13 = "Every unicorn walks or talks." diff --git a/src/Report.hs b/src/Report.hs new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/Report.hs @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- | +-- Module : Report +-- Copyright : (c) Masahiro Sakai 2007-2009 +-- License : BSD3-style (see LICENSE) +-- +-- Maintainer: masahiro.sakai@gmail.com +-- Stability : experimental +-- Portability : portable + +module Report (report) where +import Expr +import P +import Parser +import MP +import Translation +import List (intersperse) + +report :: String -> String +report s = unlines $ + case parseAny s of + [] -> ["(parse error)"] + ps -> concat $ intersperse ["",sep,""] (map f ps) + +f :: PAny -> [String] +f (PAny p) = + [ "Parsed:" + , " " ++ show p + , "" + , "Translation:" + , " " ++ show e + , "" + , "Translation (simplified):" + , " " ++ show e' + , "" + , "Translation (MP applied):" + , " " ++ show e'' + ] + where + e = translate p + e' = normalize e + e'' = normalize $ applyMP $ e' + +sep :: String +sep = "------------------------------------------------------" diff --git a/src/Translation.hs b/src/Translation.hs new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/Translation.hs @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- | +-- Module : Translation +-- Copyright : (c) Masahiro Sakai 2007-2009 +-- License : BSD3-style (see LICENSE) +-- +-- Maintainer: masahiro.sakai@gmail.com +-- Stability : experimental +-- Portability : non-portable + +{-# LANGUAGE TypeOperators, GADTs, TypeSynonymInstances, ScopedTypeVariables #-} + +module Translation (translate) where + +import Expr +import P + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- Exprも型付きにしたいなぁ + +{- +data E -- e +data S -- s +data Prop -- t +-- 関数型はHaskellの -> をそのまま使う + +-- 範疇から型への対応 +type family Translate x +type instance Translate Sen = Prop +type instance Translate IV = E -> Prop +type instance Translate CN = E -> Prop +type instance Translate (a :/ b) = ((S -> Translate b) -> Translate a) +type instance Translate (a :// b) = ((S -> Translate b) -> Translate a) +-} + +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +translate :: forall c. P c -> Expr +--- 1. αがgの定義域にあれば，α は，g(α) に翻訳される． +-- 最後に +--- 2. be → λp.λx. p{f^λy.[x = y]}. +--- ここで，変数pのタイプは>, t>>. +translate (B (IV :/ (Sen :/ IV)){- TV -} "be") = + lambda "p" $ lambda "x" $ + FVar "p" <@> + int (lambda "y" $ Op2 Id (FVar "x") (FVar "y")) +--- 3. necessarily → λp[□ext p]. ここで，p のタイプはとする． +translate (B (Sen :/ Sen) "necessarily") = lambda "p" $ Op1 Box (ext (FVar "p")) +--- 4. j, m, b はタイプがe の定数記号，変数P のタイプは>とする． +translate (B (Sen :/ IV){- T -} x) = lambda "p" $ FVar "p" <@> Const x +--- 5. he_n → λP. P {x_n}．x_ はタイプe の変数． +translate (He n) = lambda "p" $ FVar "p" <@> FVar (xn n) + +translate (F2 delta zeta) = trApp delta zeta -- T2 +translate (F3 n zeta phi) = -- T3 + lambda (xn n) $ Op2 And (translate zeta :@ FVar (xn n)) (translate phi) +translate (F4 alpha delta) = trApp alpha delta -- T4 +translate (F5 delta beta) = trApp delta beta -- T5 +-- T6 (T5と同じなので省略) +translate (F16 delta phi) = trApp delta phi -- T7 +translate (F17 delta beta) = trApp' delta beta -- T8 +translate (F6 delta beta) = trApp delta beta -- T9 +translate (F7 delta beta) = trApp delta beta -- T10 +translate (F8 phi psi) = + case f8 :: Cat c of + Sen -> Op2 And (translate phi) (translate psi) -- T11a + IV -> lambda "x" $ Op2 And (translate phi :@ FVar "x") (translate psi :@ FVar "x") -- T12a +translate (F9 phi psi) = + case f9 :: Cat c of + Sen -> Op2 Or (translate phi) (translate psi) -- T11b + IV -> lambda "x" $ Op2 Or (translate phi :@ FVar "x") (translate psi :@ FVar "x") -- T12b + Sen :/ IV -> lambda "P" $ Op2 Or (translate phi :@ FVar "P") (translate psi :@ FVar "P") -- T13 +-- T14 (講義資料はx_nになるべきところがxになっている) +translate (F10 n alpha phi) = + case f10 :: Cat c of + Sen -> translate alpha :@ (int $ lambda (xn n) (translate phi)) -- T14 + CN -> lambda "y" $ translate alpha :@ int (lambda (xn n) (translate phi :@ FVar "y")) -- T15 + IV -> lambda "y" $ translate alpha :@ int (lambda (xn n) (translate phi :@ FVar "y")) -- T16 +-- T17 +translate (F11 alpha delta) = Op1 Not $ trApp alpha delta +translate (F12 alpha delta) = Op1 F $ trApp alpha delta +translate (F13 alpha delta) = Op1 Not $ Op1 F $ trApp alpha delta +translate (F14 alpha delta) = Op1 H $ trApp alpha delta +translate (F15 alpha delta) = Op1 Not $ Op1 H $ trApp alpha delta +-- T18 (beの扱い以外はT9と同じ) +translate (B (IV :/ Adj) "be") = + lambda "P" $ lambda "x" $ FVar "P" <@> FVar "x" +-- T19 +translate (F19 delta) = + lambda "x" $ exists "y" $ + translate delta :@ + int (lambda "P" (FVar "P" <@> FVar "y")) :@ + FVar "x" +translate (F20 delta beta) = trApp delta beta -- T20 +translate (F21 delta beta) = trApp delta beta -- T21 (講義資料ではF20を誤って使っている) +-- T22 +translate (F22 delta) = + lambda "P" $ lambda "Q" $ lambda "x" $ + translate delta :@ FVar "Q" :@ FVar "P" :@ FVar "x" +translate (F23 alpha delta) = trApp alpha delta -- T23 +translate (F24 alpha beta) = trApp alpha beta -- T24 +-- 講義資料のByの解釈は誤り? (型が一致しない) +translate (B (IV :/ (IV :/ (Sen :/ IV)) :/ (Sen :/ IV)){- PP/T -} "by") = + lambda "P" $ lambda "R" $ lambda "x" $ + FVar "P" <@> + (int $ lambda "y" $ + FVar "R" <@> int (lambda "Q" $ FVar "Q" <@> FVar "x") :@ FVar "y") +-- T25 +translate (F25 delta) = + lambda "x" $ exists "y" $ Op1 H $ + translate delta :@ + int (lambda "P" $ FVar "P" <@> FVar "x") :@ + (FVar "y") + +-- Det +translate (B (Sen :/ IV :/ CN) s) = + case s of + "a" -> + lambda "p" $ lambda "q" $ exists "x" $ + Op2 And (FVar "p" <@> FVar "x") (FVar "q" <@> FVar "x") + "the" -> + lambda "p" $ lambda "q" $ exists "y" $ forall "x" $ + Op2 And + (Op2 Equiv (FVar "p" <@> FVar "x") (Op2 Id (FVar "x") (FVar "y"))) + (FVar "q" <@> FVar "x") + "every" -> + lambda "p" $ lambda "q" $ forall "x" $ + Op2 Imply (FVar "p" <@> FVar "x") (FVar "q" <@> FVar "x") + "no" -> + lambda "p" $ lambda "q" $ forall "x" $ + Op1 Not (Op2 And (FVar "p" <@> FVar "x") (FVar "q" <@> FVar "x")) + _ -> Const s + +-- それ以外 +translate (B _ x) = Const x + +-- ユーティリティ +trApp :: P (b :/ a) -> P a -> Expr +trApp f a = translate f :@ (int (translate a)) +trApp' :: P (b :// a) -> P a -> Expr +trApp' f a = translate f :@ (int (translate a)) + +xn :: Int -> Name +xn n = "he_"++show n + diff --git a/src/URLEncoding.hs b/src/URLEncoding.hs new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/URLEncoding.hs @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- | +-- Module : URLEncoding +-- Copyright : Copyright (c) 2005,2006 Minero Aoki +-- License : LGPL (see COPYING) +-- +-- Maintainer: masahiro.sakai@gmail.com +-- Stability : experimental +-- Portability : non-portable + +{-# LANGUAGE CPP #-} +-- +-- $Id: URLEncoding.hs,v 1.2 2006/04/05 17:55:14 aamine Exp $ +-- +-- Copyright (c) 2005,2006 Minero Aoki +-- +-- This program is free software. +-- You can distribute/modify this program under the terms of +-- the GNU LGPL, Lesser General Public License version 2.1. +-- For details of the GNU LGPL, see the file "COPYING". +-- + +module URLEncoding (urlencode, urldecode) where + +#if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ > 602 +import Network.URI (escapeURIString, unEscapeString) +#else +import Network.URI (escapeString, unEscapeString) +#endif +import Data.Char (isAlphaNum) + +#if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ > 602 +urlencode = escapeURIString (isAlphaNum) +#else +urlencode str = escapeString str (isAlphaNum) +#endif +urldecode = unEscapeString