diff --git a/Biobase/Types/Accession.hs b/Biobase/Types/Accession.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Biobase/Types/Accession.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+
+module Biobase.Types.Accession where
+
+import Data.Aeson
+import Data.Binary
+import Data.Hashable (Hashable)
+import Data.Ix (Ix)
+import Data.Serialize
+import Data.Serialize.Text
+import Data.String
+import Data.Stringable
+import Data.Text.Binary
+import Data.Text (Text)
+import GHC.Generics (Generic)
+
+
+
+-- * 'Accession' with phantom types.
+--
+-- <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Sequin/acc.html>
+--
+-- <http://www.uniprot.org/help/accession_numbers>
+--
+-- <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accession_number_%28bioinformatics%29>
+
+-- | The accession number is a unique identifier in bioinformatics.
+--
+-- Depending on the source, accession numbers follow different alphanumeric
+-- formats! While letters-than-numbers is quite common, swissprot uses
+-- a mix. Hence, we just use a text string as accession.
+--
+-- A phantom type is provided to enable type safety annotations. Helper
+-- functions provide smart construction from the @Accession@ tagged generic
+-- type.
+
+newtype Accession t = Accession { _getAccession :: Text }
+  deriving (Eq,Ord,Read,Show,Generic)
+
+accession :: Stringable s => s -> Accession t
+accession = Accession . toText
+{-# Inline accession #-}
+
+tagAccession :: Accession f -> Accession t
+tagAccession = Accession . _getAccession
+{-# Inline tagAccession #-}
+
+instance IsString (Accession t) where
+  fromString = accession
+  {-# Inline fromString #-}
+
+instance Binary    (Accession t)
+instance FromJSON  (Accession t)
+instance Hashable  (Accession t)
+instance Serialize (Accession t)
+instance ToJSON    (Accession t)
+
+-- ** NCBI phantom types
+
+-- | nucleotide sequence
+
+data Nucleotide
+
+-- | protein sequence
+
+data Protein
+
+-- ** Rfam phantom types
+--
+-- The format is RFxxxxx, PFxxxxx, or CLxxxxx.
+
+-- | Tag as being a clan.
+
+data Clan
+
+-- | Tag as being a Pfam model.
+
+data Pfam
+
+-- | Tag as being an Rfam model. Used for Stockholm and CM files.
+
+data Rfam
+
+
+
+-- | Species have an accession number, too.
+
+data Species
+
diff --git a/Biobase/Types/Convert.hs b/Biobase/Types/Convert.hs
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/Biobase/Types/Convert.hs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
-
--- | Provides a converting function between different types. Most useful
--- conversions are instanced here.
-
-module Biobase.Types.Convert where
-
-import Biobase.Types.Ring
-import Biobase.Types.Energy
-import Biobase.Types.Score
-import Biobase.Types.Partition
-
-
-
--- | How to convert between different values.
-
-class Convert a b c where
-  convert :: a -> b -> c
-
-
-
--- | From (Gibbs free) energy to partition function values.
---
--- TODO temperature is running around here: move to some library later on
-
-newtype Kelvin = Kelvin {unKelvin :: Double}
-
-constR = undefined
-
-instance Convert Kelvin Energy Partition where
-  convert (Kelvin k) (Energy a) = Partition . exp $ (fromIntegral $ negate a) / (constR * k)
-
--- | From log-odd scores to partition function.
-
--- instance Convert Temperature Score Partition where
---   convert (Score a) = Partition . exp $ (fromIntegral $ neg a) / (constR * constT)
diff --git a/Biobase/Types/Energy.hs b/Biobase/Types/Energy.hs
--- a/Biobase/Types/Energy.hs
+++ b/Biobase/Types/Energy.hs
@@ -1,51 +1,74 @@
-{-# LANGUAGE StandaloneDeriving #-}
-{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
-{-# LANGUAGE GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving #-}
 
+-- | Different types of energies and conversion between.
+--
+-- TODO enthalpy
+-- TODO entropy
+
 module Biobase.Types.Energy where
 
-import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as VU
-import qualified Data.Vector.Generic as VG
-import qualified Data.Vector.Generic.Mutable as VGM
-import Data.Primitive.Types
+import Data.Aeson (FromJSON, ToJSON)
+import Data.Binary (Binary)
+import Data.Default
+import Data.Hashable
+import Data.Serialize (Serialize)
+import Data.Vector.Unboxed.Deriving
+import GHC.Generics
 
-import Biobase.Types.Ring
+import Biobase.Types.NumericalExtremes
 
 
 
--- | Some default instances. Left out the Num one, so that you have to
--- explicitly instanciate if you want to go around the Ring structure.
+-- | Gibbs free energy change.
+--
+-- For RNA structure, the change in energy from the unfolded structure to
+-- the given structure.
+--
+-- In units of @kcal / mol@.
+--
+-- TODO shall we phantom-type the actual units?
 
-newtype Energy = Energy {unEnergy :: Int}
-  deriving (Show, Read, Eq, Ord)
+newtype DeltaGibbs = DG { getDG :: Double }
+  deriving (Eq,Ord,Num,Fractional,Read,Show,Generic)
 
 
 
--- | Ring operations over Energy values.
+derivingUnbox "DeltaGibbs"
+  [t| DeltaGibbs -> Double |]  [| getDG |]  [| DG |]
 
-instance Ring Energy where
-  (Energy a) .+. (Energy b) = Energy $ a `min` b
-  {-# INLINE (.+.) #-}
-  (Energy a) .*. (Energy b) = Energy $ a + b
-  {-# INLINE (.*.) #-}
-  (Energy a) .^. k = Energy $ a * k
-  {-# INLINE (.^.) #-}
-  (Energy a) .^^. k = Energy . round $ fromIntegral a * k
-  {-# INLINE (.^^.) #-}
-  neg (Energy a) = Energy $ negate a
-  {-# INLINE neg #-}
-  one = Energy 0
-  {-# INLINE one #-}
-  zero = Energy 10000000
-  {-# INLINE zero #-}
-  isZero (Energy a) = a >= 1000000
-  {-# INLINE isZero #-}
+instance Hashable  DeltaGibbs
+instance Binary    DeltaGibbs
+instance Serialize DeltaGibbs
+instance FromJSON  DeltaGibbs
+instance ToJSON    DeltaGibbs
 
+deriving instance NumericalExtremes DeltaGibbs
+deriving instance NumericalEpsilon  DeltaGibbs
 
+instance Default DeltaGibbs where
+  def = extremelyLarge
+  {-# Inline def #-}
 
--- * Vector instances.
 
-deriving instance VGM.MVector VU.MVector Energy
-deriving instance VG.Vector VU.Vector Energy
-deriving instance VU.Unbox Energy
-deriving instance Prim Energy
+
+-- | @round $ DeltaGibbs / 100@.
+
+newtype DeltaDekaGibbs = DekaG { getDekaG :: Int }
+  deriving (Eq,Ord,Num,Read,Show,Generic)
+
+
+
+derivingUnbox "DeltaDekaGibbs"
+  [t| DeltaDekaGibbs -> Int |]  [| getDekaG |]  [| DekaG |]
+
+instance Hashable  DeltaDekaGibbs
+instance Binary    DeltaDekaGibbs
+instance Serialize DeltaDekaGibbs
+instance FromJSON  DeltaDekaGibbs
+instance ToJSON    DeltaDekaGibbs
+
+deriving instance NumericalExtremes DeltaDekaGibbs
+
+instance Default DeltaDekaGibbs where
+  def = extremelyLarge
+  {-# Inline def #-}
+
diff --git a/Biobase/Types/Index.hs b/Biobase/Types/Index.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Biobase/Types/Index.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+
+-- | Biological sequence data is oftentimes indexed either @0-@ or
+-- @1-@based. The @Index@ type developed provides static guarantees that
+-- there is no confusion what index is in use.
+--
+-- This module does not export the ctor @Index@. If you want to (unsafely)
+-- use it, import @Biobase.Types.Index.Type@ directly. Use @fromInt0@ to
+-- make clear that you count from 0 and transform to an @Index t@. I.e.
+-- @fromInt0 0 :: Index 1@ yields the lowest 1-base index.
+
+module Biobase.Types.Index
+  ( module Biobase.Types.Index
+  , getIndex
+  , index
+  , maybeIndex
+  , Index
+  ) where
+
+import Data.Proxy
+import GHC.TypeLits
+import Text.Printf
+
+import Biobase.Types.Index.Type
+
+
+
+-- | Uses 'index' to guarantee that the 'Index' is ok.
+
+checkIndex :: forall t . KnownNat t => Index t -> Index t
+checkIndex i@(Index z)
+  | z >= 0    = i
+  | otherwise = error $ printf "%d < Index %d\n" (z+n) n
+  where n :: Int = fromIntegral $ natVal (Proxy :: Proxy t)
+{-# Inline checkIndex #-}
+
+-- | Re-Index an index of type @Index n@ as @Index m@. This is always safe,
+-- as @0 :: Index 0@ gives @1 :: Index 1@ for example. I.e. valid indices
+-- become valid indices.
+
+reIndex :: forall n m . (KnownNat n, KnownNat m) => Index n -> Index m
+reIndex (Index i) = Index $ i - n + m
+  where n = fromIntegral $ natVal (Proxy :: Proxy n)
+        m = fromIntegral $ natVal (Proxy :: Proxy m)
+{-# Inline reIndex #-}
+
+-- | Helper function that allows @addition@ of an 'Index' and an 'Int',
+-- with the 'Int' on the right.
+
+(+.) :: forall t . KnownNat t => Index t -> Int -> Index t
+(+.) i n = checkIndex $ unsafePlus i n
+{-# Inline (+.) #-}
+
+-- | Unsafe plus.
+
+unsafePlus :: forall t . KnownNat t => Index t -> Int -> Index t
+unsafePlus i n = Index $ getIndex i + n
+{-# Inline unsafePlus #-}
+
+-- | Helper function that allows @subtraction@ of an 'Index' and an 'Int',
+-- with the 'Int' on the right.
+
+(-.) :: forall t . KnownNat t => Index t -> Int -> Index t
+(-.) i n = checkIndex $ unsafeMinus i n
+{-# Inline (-.) #-}
+
+-- | Unsafe minus.
+
+unsafeMinus :: forall t . KnownNat t => Index t -> Int -> Index t
+unsafeMinus i n = Index $ getIndex i - n
+{-# Inline unsafeMinus #-}
+
+-- | Return the index as an @Int@-style index that is zero-based.
+
+toInt0 :: forall t . KnownNat t => Index t -> Int
+toInt0 = getIndex
+{-# Inline toInt0 #-}
+
+-- | As an index from an @Int@-style zero-based one.
+--
+-- TODO We might want to check that the argument is @[0..]@.
+
+fromInt0 :: forall t . KnownNat t => Int -> Index t
+fromInt0 i
+  | i >= 0    = Index i
+  | otherwise = error "fromInt0 needs an Int >= 0"
+  where t = fromIntegral $ natVal (Proxy :: Proxy t)
+{-# Inline fromInt0 #-}
+
+-- | Zero-based indices.
+
+type I0 = Index 0
+
+-- | One-based indices.
+
+type I1 = Index 1
+
diff --git a/Biobase/Types/Index/Type.hs b/Biobase/Types/Index/Type.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Biobase/Types/Index/Type.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+
+module Biobase.Types.Index.Type where
+
+import           Control.Applicative ((<$>))
+import           Control.DeepSeq
+import           Data.Aeson
+import           Data.Binary
+import           Data.Hashable (Hashable)
+import           Data.Proxy
+import           Data.Serialize (Serialize)
+import           Data.Vector.Fusion.Stream.Monadic (flatten, Step(..))
+import           Data.Vector.Fusion.Stream.Size
+import           Data.Vector.Unboxed.Deriving
+import           GHC.Generics
+import           GHC.TypeLits
+import qualified Data.Ix as Ix
+import           Test.QuickCheck
+import           Text.Printf
+
+import           Data.PrimitiveArray.Index.Class hiding (Index)
+import qualified Data.PrimitiveArray.Index.Class as PA
+
+
+
+-- | A linear @Int@-based index type.
+
+newtype Index (t :: Nat) = Index { getIndex :: Int }
+  deriving (Show,Read,Eq,Ord,Generic,Ix.Ix)
+
+-- | Turn an 'Int' into an 'Index' safely.
+
+index :: forall t . KnownNat t => Int -> Index t
+index i = maybe (error $ printf "%d < Index %d\n" i n) id $ maybeIndex i
+  where n = natVal (Proxy :: Proxy t)
+{-# Inline index #-}
+
+-- | Produce 'Just' and 'Index' or 'Nothing'.
+
+maybeIndex :: forall t . KnownNat t => Int -> Maybe (Index t)
+maybeIndex i
+  | i >= n    = Just . Index $ i - n
+  | otherwise = Nothing
+  where n = fromIntegral $ natVal (Proxy :: Proxy t)
+{-# Inline maybeIndex #-}
+
+instance KnownNat t => Num (Index t) where
+  Index a + Index b = error "not implemented, use (+.)" -- index $ a + b
+  Index a - Index b = error "not implemented, use (-.)" -- index $ a - b
+  Index a * Index b = error "not implemented" -- index $ a * b
+  negate = error "Indices are natural numbers"
+  abs = id
+  signum = index . signum . getIndex
+  fromInteger = index . fromIntegral
+  {-# Inline fromInteger #-}
+
+instance NFData (Index t) where
+  rnf = rnf . getIndex
+  {-# Inline rnf #-}
+
+instance Binary    (Index t)
+instance Serialize (Index t)
+instance ToJSON    (Index t)
+instance FromJSON  (Index t)
+instance Hashable  (Index t)
+
+derivingUnbox "Index"
+  [t| forall t . Index t -> Int |]  [| getIndex |]  [| Index |]
+
+instance forall t . KnownNat t => PA.Index (Index t) where
+  linearIndex _ _ (Index z) = z
+  {-# INLINE linearIndex #-}
+  smallestLinearIndex (Index l) = error "still needed?"
+  {-# INLINE smallestLinearIndex #-}
+  largestLinearIndex (Index h) = h
+  {-# INLINE largestLinearIndex #-}
+  size (_) (Index h) = h + 1
+  {-# INLINE size #-}
+  inBounds (_) (Index h) (Index x) = 0<=x && x<=h
+  {-# INLINE inBounds #-}
+
+instance IndexStream z => IndexStream (z:.Index t) where
+  streamUp (ls:.Index lf) (hs:.Index ht) = flatten mk step Unknown $ streamUp ls hs
+    where mk z = return (z,lf)
+          step (z,k)
+            | k > ht    = return $ Done
+            | otherwise = return $ Yield (z:.Index k) (z,k+1)
+          {-# Inline [0] mk   #-}
+          {-# Inline [0] step #-}
+  {-# Inline streamUp #-}
+  streamDown (ls:.Index lf) (hs:.Index ht) = flatten mk step Unknown $ streamDown ls hs
+    where mk z = return (z,ht)
+          step (z,k)
+            | k < lf    = return $ Done
+            | otherwise = return $ Yield (z:.Index k) (z,k-1)
+          {-# Inline [0] mk   #-}
+          {-# Inline [0] step #-}
+  {-# Inline streamDown #-}
+
+instance IndexStream (Index t)
+
+instance Arbitrary (Index t) where
+  arbitrary = Index <$> arbitrary
+  shrink (Index j) = map Index $ shrink j
+
diff --git a/Biobase/Types/NumericalExtremes.hs b/Biobase/Types/NumericalExtremes.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Biobase/Types/NumericalExtremes.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+
+-- | For some values, we want to have different kind of extreme values.
+-- Consider a @Double@ representing an energy. We want @near infinities@
+-- that do not lead to numeric problems.
+--
+-- TODO benchmark different extremes and their interplay with algebraic
+-- operations.
+--
+-- TODO consider the @ieee754@ package
+
+module Biobase.Types.NumericalExtremes where
+
+
+
+-- | Very large and small numbers with some numerical safety to @1/0@ or
+-- @maxBound@ (depending on if we are @Integral@ or @RealFloat@.
+--
+-- We have:
+--
+-- @maxFinite >= extremelyLarge >= veryLarge@
+--
+-- @veryLarge >= verySmall@
+--
+-- @verySmall >= extremelySmall >= minFinite@.
+--
+-- TODO the small stuff should actually be around zero, but positive and go
+-- into @NumericalEpsilon@. Here we should actually use other names.
+
+class NumericalExtremes x where
+  -- | Largest finite number
+  maxFinite       :: x
+  -- | Smallest finite number
+  minFinite       :: x
+  -- | Around @1/100@ of the largest finite number
+  veryLarge       :: x
+  -- | Around @1/100@ of the smallest finite number
+  verySmall       :: x
+  -- | Around @1/ 10@ of the largest finite number
+  extremelyLarge  :: x
+  -- | Around @1/ 10@ of the smallest finite number
+  extremelySmall  :: x
+
+-- | Small numbers.
+
+class NumericalEpsilon x where
+  -- | Smallest positive number @/= 0.0@.
+  epsilon         :: x
+
+
+
+instance NumericalExtremes Int where
+  maxFinite      = maxBound
+  minFinite      = minBound
+  veryLarge      = maxBound `div` 100
+  verySmall      = minBound `div` 100
+  extremelyLarge = maxBound `div`  10
+  extremelySmall = minBound `div`  10
+  {-# Inline veryLarge      #-}
+  {-# Inline verySmall      #-}
+  {-# Inline extremelyLarge #-}
+  {-# Inline extremelySmall #-}
+
+
+
+instance NumericalExtremes Double where
+  maxFinite      =  1.79e+308
+  minFinite      = -1.79e+308
+  veryLarge      = maxFinite / 100
+  verySmall      = minFinite / 100
+  extremelyLarge = maxFinite /  10
+  extremelySmall = minFinite /  10
+  {-# Inline veryLarge      #-}
+  {-# Inline verySmall      #-}
+  {-# Inline extremelyLarge #-}
+  {-# Inline extremelySmall #-}
+
+instance NumericalEpsilon Double where
+  epsilon = 2.2e-16
+  {-# Inline epsilon #-}
+
diff --git a/Biobase/Types/Odds.hs b/Biobase/Types/Odds.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Biobase/Types/Odds.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+
+-- | Discretized log-odds.
+
+module Biobase.Types.Odds where
+
+import Control.DeepSeq (NFData(..))
+import Data.Aeson (FromJSON,ToJSON)
+import Data.Binary (Binary)
+import Data.Serialize (Serialize)
+import Data.Vector.Unboxed.Deriving
+import GHC.Generics (Generic)
+
+
+
+-- | Discretized log-odds.
+--
+-- The BLOSUM matrices, for example, store data in discretized log-odds
+-- form.
+--
+-- TODO Might move up even higher into statistics modules.
+
+newtype DLO = DLO { getDLO :: Int }
+  deriving (Generic,Eq,Ord,Show,Read)
+
+derivingUnbox "DLO"
+  [t| DLO -> Int |]  [| getDLO |]  [| DLO |]
+
+instance Binary    DLO
+instance Serialize DLO
+instance FromJSON  DLO
+instance ToJSON    DLO
+
+instance NFData DLO where
+  rnf (DLO k) = rnf k
+  {-# Inline rnf #-}
+
diff --git a/Biobase/Types/Partition.hs b/Biobase/Types/Partition.hs
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/Biobase/Types/Partition.hs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-
-{-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-}
-{-# LANGUAGE StandaloneDeriving #-}
-{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
-{-# LANGUAGE GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving #-}
-
-module Biobase.Types.Partition where
-
-import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as VU
-import qualified Data.Vector.Generic as VG
-import qualified Data.Vector.Generic.Mutable as VGM
-import Data.Primitive.Types
-
-import Biobase.Types.Ring
-
-
-
--- | Some default instances. Left out the Num one, so that you have to
--- explicitly instanciate if you want to go around the Ring structure.
-
-newtype Partition = Partition {unPartition' :: Double}
-  deriving (Show, Read, Eq, Ord)
-
--- |
-
-mkPartition :: Double -> Partition
-mkPartition x
-  | x < 0     = error $ "mkPartition: prob <0: " ++ show x
-  | x > 1     = error $ "mkPartition: prob >1: " ++ show x
-  | otherwise = Partition $ log x
-
-unPartition :: Partition -> Double
-unPartition (Partition x) = exp x
-
-
--- | Ring operations over Partition values.
-
-instance Ring Partition where
-  (Partition a) .+. (Partition b) = Partition $ logSum a b
-  {-# INLINE (.+.) #-}
-  (Partition a) .*. (Partition b) = Partition $ a + b
-  {-# INLINE (.*.) #-}
-  (Partition a) .^. k = Partition $ a * fromIntegral k
-  {-# INLINE (.^.) #-}
-  (Partition a) .^^. k = error ".^^. not defined for Partition" -- Partition $ a ^^ k
-  {-# INLINE (.^^.) #-}
-  neg (Partition a) = error $ "negate partition? " ++ show a -- Partition $ negate a
-  {-# INLINE neg #-}
-  one = Partition 1
-  {-# INLINE one #-}
-  zero = Partition 0
-  {-# INLINE zero #-}
-  isZero (Partition a) = a == 0 -- TODO use some epsilon?
-  {-# INLINE isZero #-}
-
-logSum :: Double -> Double -> Double
-logSum a b
-  | a>b       = f a b
-  | otherwise = f b a
-  where
-    f x y = x + log1p (exp $ y - x)
-    {-# INLINE f #-}
-{-# INLINE logSum #-}
-
-
-
--- * Vector (and Prim) instances.
-
-deriving instance VGM.MVector VU.MVector Partition
-deriving instance VG.Vector VU.Vector Partition
-deriving instance VU.Unbox Partition
-deriving instance Prim Partition
-
-
-
--- * math.h function for log/exp on pm1 are /much/ more efficient (what is
--- haskell doing?)
-
-foreign import ccall unsafe "math.h log1p"
-    log1p :: Double -> Double
-
-foreign import ccall unsafe "math.h expm1"
-    expm1 :: Double -> Double
-
diff --git a/Biobase/Types/Ring.hs b/Biobase/Types/Ring.hs
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/Biobase/Types/Ring.hs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-
--- | Algebraic ring structure. Very similar to others found throughout hackage.
---
--- TODO maybe use on of the already-written packages?
-
-module Biobase.Types.Ring where
-
-
-
--- | Define the basic operations on a ring.
-
-class (Eq a, Ord a) => Ring a where
-  (.+.), (.*.) :: a -> a -> a
-  (.^.) :: a -> Int -> a
-  (.^^.) :: a -> Double -> a
-  neg :: a -> a
-  one, zero :: a
-  isZero :: a -> Bool -- ^ ==zero does not work well for min-plus
-  infixl 6 .+.
-  infixl 7 .*.
-  infixr 8 .^.
-  infixr 8 .^^.
diff --git a/Biobase/Types/Score.hs b/Biobase/Types/Score.hs
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/Biobase/Types/Score.hs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-
-{-# LANGUAGE StandaloneDeriving #-}
-{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
-{-# LANGUAGE GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving #-}
-
-module Biobase.Types.Score where
-
-import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as VU
-import qualified Data.Vector.Generic as VG
-import qualified Data.Vector.Generic.Mutable as VGM
-import Data.Primitive.Types
-
-import Biobase.Types.Ring
-
-
-
--- | Some default instances. Left out the Num one, so that you have to
--- explicitly instanciate if you want to go around the Ring structure.
-
-newtype Score = Score {unScore :: Int}
-  deriving (Show, Read, Eq, Ord)
-
-
-
--- | Ring operations over Score values.
-
-instance Ring Score where
-  (Score a) .+. (Score b) = Score $ a `min` b
-  {-# INLINE (.+.) #-}
-  (Score a) .*. (Score b) = Score $ a + b
-  {-# INLINE (.*.) #-}
-  neg (Score a) = Score $ negate a
-  {-# INLINE neg #-}
-  one = Score 0
-  {-# INLINE one #-}
-  zero = Score 10000000
-  {-# INLINE zero #-}
-  isZero (Score a) = a >= 1000000
-  {-# INLINE isZero #-}
-
-
-
--- * Vector instances.
-
-deriving instance VGM.MVector VU.MVector Score
-deriving instance VG.Vector VU.Vector Score
-deriving instance VU.Unbox Score
-deriving instance Prim Score
diff --git a/Biobase/Types/Strand.hs b/Biobase/Types/Strand.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Biobase/Types/Strand.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+
+-- | Strand information. A newtyped version, complete with serialization,
+-- pattern synonyms, being a @PrimitiveArray@ index type, etc.
+--
+-- TODO will be expanded to encode biological sense information more
+-- clearly: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense_%28molecular_biology%29>.
+
+module Biobase.Types.Strand where
+
+import Control.DeepSeq
+import Control.Monad (guard)
+import Data.Aeson
+import Data.Binary
+import Data.Hashable (Hashable)
+import Data.Serialize (Serialize)
+import Data.Vector.Fusion.Stream.Monadic (flatten, Step(..))
+import Data.Vector.Fusion.Stream.Size
+import Data.Vector.Unboxed.Deriving
+import GHC.Generics
+import Test.QuickCheck
+import Text.Printf
+
+import Data.PrimitiveArray.Index.Class
+
+
+
+newtype Strand = Strand { getStrand :: Int }
+  deriving (Eq,Ord,Generic)
+
+instance Show Strand where
+  show P = "+"
+  show M = "-"
+
+instance Read Strand where
+  readsPrec _ xs = do
+    ([pm],s) <- lex xs
+    guard $ pm `elem` "+-PMpm"
+    return (go pm,s)
+    where go x | x `elem` "+Pp" = P
+               | x `elem` "-Mm" = M
+
+instance Bounded Strand where
+  minBound = P
+  maxBound = M
+
+instance Enum Strand where
+  succ P = M
+  succ M = error "succ M"
+  pred M = P
+  pred P = error "pred P"
+  toEnum i | i>=0 && i<=1 = Strand i
+  toEnum i                = error $ "toEnum (Strand)" ++ show i
+  fromEnum = getStrand
+
+instance NFData Strand
+
+pattern P = Strand 0
+pattern M = Strand 1
+
+pattern Sense     = P
+pattern AntiSense = M
+
+instance Binary    Strand
+instance Serialize Strand
+instance ToJSON    Strand
+instance FromJSON  Strand
+instance Hashable  Strand
+
+derivingUnbox "Strand"
+  [t| Strand -> Int |]  [| getStrand |]  [| Strand |]
+
+instance Index Strand where
+  linearIndex _ _ (Strand z) = z
+  {-# INLINE linearIndex #-}
+  smallestLinearIndex (Strand l) = error "still needed?"
+  {-# INLINE smallestLinearIndex #-}
+  largestLinearIndex (Strand h) = h
+  {-# INLINE largestLinearIndex #-}
+  size (_) (Strand h) = h + 1
+  {-# INLINE size #-}
+  inBounds (_) (Strand h) (Strand x) = 0<=x && x<=h
+  {-# INLINE inBounds #-}
+
+instance IndexStream z => IndexStream (z:.Strand) where
+  streamUp (ls:.Strand lf) (hs:.Strand ht) = flatten mk step Unknown $ streamUp ls hs
+    where mk z = return (z,lf)
+          step (z,k)
+            | k > ht    = return $ Done
+            | otherwise = return $ Yield (z:.Strand k) (z,k+1)
+          {-# Inline [0] mk   #-}
+          {-# Inline [0] step #-}
+  {-# Inline streamUp #-}
+  streamDown (ls:.Strand lf) (hs:.Strand ht) = flatten mk step Unknown $ streamDown ls hs
+    where mk z = return (z,ht)
+          step (z,k)
+            | k < lf    = return $ Done
+            | otherwise = return $ Yield (z:.Strand k) (z,k-1)
+          {-# Inline [0] mk   #-}
+          {-# Inline [0] step #-}
+  {-# Inline streamDown #-}
+
+instance IndexStream Strand
+
+instance Arbitrary Strand where
+  arbitrary = do
+    b <- choose (0,1)
+    return $ Strand b
+  shrink (Strand j)
+    | 0<j = [Strand $ j-1]
+    | otherwise = []
+
diff --git a/BiobaseTypes.cabal b/BiobaseTypes.cabal
--- a/BiobaseTypes.cabal
+++ b/BiobaseTypes.cabal
@@ -1,37 +1,105 @@
 name:           BiobaseTypes
-version:        0.0.2.2
-author:         Christian Hoener zu Siederdissen
-maintainer:     choener@tbi.univie.ac.at
-copyright:      Christian Hoener zu Siederdissen, 2010
-category:       Bioinformatics
-synopsis:       (deprecated) Ring class, with several instances.
-license:        GPL-3
+version:        0.1.1.0
+author:         Christian Hoener zu Siederdissen, 2015
+copyright:      Christian Hoener zu Siederdissen, 2015
+homepage:       https://github.com/choener/BiobaseTypes
+bug-reports:    https://github.com/choener/BiobaseTypes/issues
+maintainer:     choener@bioinf.uni-leipzig.de
+category:       Data Structures, Bioinformatics
+license:        BSD3
 license-file:   LICENSE
 build-type:     Simple
 stability:      experimental
-cabal-version:  >= 1.4.0
+cabal-version:  >= 1.10.0
+tested-with:    GHC == 7.8.4, GHC == 7.10.1
+synopsis:       Collection of types for bioinformatics
 description:
-                Provides an algebraic ring class and instances for Gibbs free
-                energy, partition function probabilities, and scores.
-                Conversion between different entities is provided by a convert
-                function. All entities are ready for the vector library.
+                Types used in a number of bioinformatics libraries.
                 .
-                - Ignore everything except the Ring itself!
+                * linear indices
+                .
+                * energies
+                .
+                * numerics
 
 
 
-library
-  build-depends:
-    base >=4 && <5,
-    vector >=0.7 && <0.8,
-    primitive >=0.3 && <0.4
+Extra-Source-Files:
+  README.md
+  changelog.md
 
+
+
+library
+  build-depends: base                     >= 4.7      && < 4.9
+               , aeson                    >= 0.8      && < 0.10
+               , binary                   >= 0.7      && < 0.8
+               , cereal                   >= 0.4      && < 0.5
+               , cereal-text              >= 0.1      && < 0.2
+               , data-default             >= 0.5      && < 0.6
+               , deepseq                  >= 1.3      && < 1.5
+               , hashable                 >= 1.2      && < 1.3
+               , log-domain               >= 0.10     && < 0.11
+               , primitive                >= 0.5      && < 0.7
+               , PrimitiveArray           >= 0.6.0    && < 0.6.2
+               , QuickCheck               >= 2.7      && < 2.9
+               , stringable               >= 0.1.3    && < 0.2
+               , text                     >= 1.0      && < 1.3
+               , text-binary              >= 0.2      && < 0.3
+               , vector                   >= 0.10     && < 0.11
+               , vector-binary-instances  >= 0.2      && < 0.3
+               , vector-th-unbox          >= 0.2      && < 0.3
   exposed-modules:
-    Biobase.Types.Ring
-    Biobase.Types.Convert
+    Biobase.Types.Accession
     Biobase.Types.Energy
-    Biobase.Types.Partition
-    Biobase.Types.Score
+    Biobase.Types.Index
+    Biobase.Types.Index.Type
+    Biobase.Types.NumericalExtremes
+    Biobase.Types.Odds
+    Biobase.Types.Strand
+  default-language:
+    Haskell2010
+  default-extensions: BangPatterns
+                    , DataKinds
+                    , DeriveGeneric
+                    , FlexibleInstances
+                    , GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving
+                    , KindSignatures
+                    , MultiParamTypeClasses
+                    , PatternSynonyms
+                    , ScopedTypeVariables
+                    , StandaloneDeriving
+                    , TemplateHaskell
+                    , TypeFamilies
+                    , TypeOperators
+  ghc-options:
+    -O2 -funbox-strict-fields
 
+
+
+test-suite properties
+  type:
+    exitcode-stdio-1.0
+  main-is:
+    properties.hs
   ghc-options:
-    -O2
+    -threaded -rtsopts -with-rtsopts=-N
+  hs-source-dirs:
+    tests
+  default-language:
+    Haskell2010
+  default-extensions: ScopedTypeVariables
+                    , TemplateHaskell
+  build-depends: base
+               , BiobaseTypes
+               , QuickCheck
+               , test-framework               >= 0.8  && < 0.9
+               , test-framework-quickcheck2   >= 0.3  && < 0.4
+               , test-framework-th            >= 0.2  && < 0.3
+
+
+
+source-repository head
+  type: git
+  location: git://github.com/choener/BiobaseTypes
+
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
--- a/LICENSE
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -1,675 +1,30 @@
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+Copyright Christian Hoener zu Siederdissen 2015
 
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-    <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
-    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
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-    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
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+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 
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+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 
-  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
-if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
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-<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
+      with the distribution.
 
-  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
-into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
-may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
-the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
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diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/choener/BiobaseTypes.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/choener/BiobaseTypes)
+
+# BiobaseTypes
+
+A bunch of types in use in different modules:
+
+- numerical small and large numbers
+- Gibbs free energy change
+- phantom-typed linear indices: these encode the (rather annoying) habit of
+  computational biology of having both 0-based and 1-based data
+
+
+
+#### Contact
+
+Christian Hoener zu Siederdissen  
+Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany  
+choener@bioinf.uni-leipzig.de  
+http://www.bioinf.uni-leipzig.de/~choener/  
+
diff --git a/changelog.md b/changelog.md
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+0.1.1.0
+-------
+
+- added Biobase.Types.Odds module (from the BiobaseBlast package)
+
+0.1.0.0
+-------
+
+- re-introduced the types library for bioinformatics
+- travis-ci integration
+
+0.0.x,y
+-------
+
+- old variant; completely rewritten by now
+
diff --git a/tests/properties.hs b/tests/properties.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/properties.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+module Main where
+
+import Test.Framework.Providers.QuickCheck2
+import Test.Framework.TH
+import Test.QuickCheck.Modifiers
+import Test.QuickCheck.Property
+
+import Biobase.Types.NumericalExtremes
+
+
+
+main :: IO ()
+main = $(defaultMainGenerator)
+
