diff --git a/AERN-RnToRm.cabal b/AERN-RnToRm.cabal
--- a/AERN-RnToRm.cabal
+++ b/AERN-RnToRm.cabal
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Name:           AERN-RnToRm
-Version:        0.4
+Version:        0.4.1
 Cabal-Version:  >= 1.2
 Build-Type:     Simple
 License:        BSD3
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
     .
     Simple examples of usage can be found in module @Demo.hs@ in folder @tests@.
 Extra-source-files:
-    ChangeLog tests/Demo.hs
+    ChangeLog tests/Demo.hs tests/ISin3.hs
 
 Flag containers-in-base
     Default: False
@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@
   hs-source-dirs:  src
   if flag(containers-in-base)
     Build-Depends:
-      base < 3, binary >= 0.4, AERN-Real >= 0.9.6
+      base < 3, binary >= 0.4, AERN-Real >= 0.9.7
   else
     Build-Depends:
-      base >= 3, containers, binary >= 0.4, AERN-Real >= 0.9.6
+      base >= 3, containers, binary >= 0.4, AERN-Real >= 0.9.7
   Exposed-modules:
     Data.Number.ER.RnToRm,
     Data.Number.ER.RnToRm.BisectionTree.Path,
diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ b/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+0.4.1: 30 September 2008
+    * updated to work with AERN-Real 0.9.7    
 0.4: 20 August 2008
     * fixed several serious bugs in sin and cos
     * added arctan
diff --git a/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/Approx/DomEdges.hs b/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/Approx/DomEdges.hs
--- a/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/Approx/DomEdges.hs
+++ b/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/Approx/DomEdges.hs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 {-# LANGUAGE UndecidableInstances   #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances   #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable   #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables  #-}
 {-|
     Module      :  Data.Number.ER.RnToRm.Approx.DomEdges
     Description :  separate approximations per domain-box hyper-edge
@@ -185,6 +186,8 @@
     (FA.ERFnDomApprox box varid domra ranra fa, VariableID varid) =>
     RA.ERApprox (ERFnDomEdgesApprox varid fa)
     where
+    initialiseBaseArithmetic _ =
+    	RA.initialiseBaseArithmetic (0 :: fa)
     getGranularity (ERFnDomEdgesApprox mainEncl edges) =
         RA.getGranularity mainEncl
     setGranularity gran = edgesLift1 (RA.setGranularity gran) 
diff --git a/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/Approx/DomTransl.hs b/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/Approx/DomTransl.hs
--- a/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/Approx/DomTransl.hs
+++ b/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/Approx/DomTransl.hs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 {-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances   #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts   #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable   #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables  #-}
 {-|
     Module      :  Data.Number.ER.RnToRm.Approx.DomTransl
     Description :  enclosures translated from [-1,1]^n to another domain 
@@ -260,6 +261,8 @@
     , DomainBoxMappable dtrbox box varid (DomTransl domra) domra, Eq dtrbox) =>
     RA.ERApprox (ERFnDomTranslApprox dtrbox varid ufa domra)
     where
+    initialiseBaseArithmetic _ =
+    	RA.initialiseBaseArithmetic (0 :: ufa)
     getGranularity (ERFnDomTranslApprox ufa dtrB) =
         RA.getGranularity ufa
     setGranularity gran (ERFnDomTranslApprox ufa dtrB) =
diff --git a/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/Approx/PieceWise.hs b/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/Approx/PieceWise.hs
--- a/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/Approx/PieceWise.hs
+++ b/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/Approx/PieceWise.hs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 {-# LANGUAGE UndecidableInstances   #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances   #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable   #-}
-
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables  #-}
 {-|
     Module      :  Data.Number.ER.RnToRm.Approx.PieceWise
     Description :  arbitrary precision piece-wise-something function enclosures
@@ -169,6 +169,8 @@
     (FA.ERFnDomApprox box varid domra ranra fa, VariableID varid) =>
     RA.ERApprox (ERFnPiecewise box varid domra fa)
     where
+    initialiseBaseArithmetic _ =
+    	RA.initialiseBaseArithmetic (0 :: fa)
     getGranularity (ERFnPiecewise bistr) =
         foldl max 10 $ map RA.getGranularity $ BISTR.collectValues bistr
     setGranularity gran = pwLift1 (RA.setGranularity gran) 
diff --git a/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/Approx/Tuple.hs b/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/Approx/Tuple.hs
--- a/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/Approx/Tuple.hs
+++ b/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/Approx/Tuple.hs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 {-# LANGUAGE UndecidableInstances   #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances   #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable   #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables  #-}
 {-|
     Module      :  Data.Number.ER.RnToRm.Approx.Tuples
     Description :  a list of approximations over the same domain
@@ -151,6 +152,8 @@
     (FA.ERFnDomApprox box varid domra ranra fa) =>
     RA.ERApprox (ERFnTuple fa)
     where
+    initialiseBaseArithmetic _ =
+    	RA.initialiseBaseArithmetic (0 :: fa)
     getGranularity (ERFnTuple fas) =
         foldl max 10 $ map RA.getGranularity fas
     setGranularity gran = tuplesLift1 (RA.setGranularity gran) 
diff --git a/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/DefaultRepr.hs b/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/DefaultRepr.hs
--- a/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/DefaultRepr.hs
+++ b/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/DefaultRepr.hs
@@ -53,12 +53,12 @@
 
 import qualified Data.Map as Map
 
-type FAPU = ERFnInterval (ERChebPoly (Box Int) B) IRA 
-type FAPD = ERFnDomTranslApprox (Box (DomTransl IRA)) VarID FAPU IRA
-type FAPT = ERFnTuple FAPD
-type FAPE = ERFnDomEdgesApprox VarID FAPT
-type FAPWP = ERFnPiecewise (Box IRA) VarID IRA FAPE
+type FAPU b = ERFnInterval (ERChebPoly (Box Int) b) (IRA b)
+type FAPD b = ERFnDomTranslApprox (Box (DomTransl (IRA b))) VarID (FAPU b) (IRA b)
+type FAPT b = ERFnTuple (FAPD b)
+type FAPE b = ERFnDomEdgesApprox VarID (FAPT b)
+type FAPWP b = ERFnPiecewise (Box (IRA b)) VarID (IRA b) (FAPE b)
 
 --type FA = FAPWL
-type FA = FAPWP
+type FA = FAPWP B
 
diff --git a/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/TestingDefs.hs b/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/TestingDefs.hs
--- a/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/TestingDefs.hs
+++ b/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/TestingDefs.hs
@@ -23,44 +23,47 @@
 
 import qualified Data.Map as Map
 
-fapuConst1 = (UFA.const [1]) :: FAPU
+fapuConst1 = (UFA.const [1]) :: (FAPU B)
 
-fapdConst1 = (FA.const DBox.noinfo [1]) :: FAPD
-fapdConstU = (FA.const DBox.noinfo [(-1) RA.\/ 1]) :: FAPD
-fapdConst01 = (FA.const DBox.noinfo [0 RA.\/ 1]) :: FAPD
-fapd04X0 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(0,0 RA.\/ 4)]) 0) :: FAPD
-fapd13X0 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(0,1 RA.\/ 3)]) 0) :: FAPD
-fapd12X1 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(1,1 RA.\/ 2)]) 1) :: FAPD
-fapdUX0 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(0,(-1) RA.\/ 1)]) 0) :: FAPD
-fapdUX1 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(1,(-1) RA.\/ 1)]) 1) :: FAPD
+fapdConst1 = (FA.const DBox.noinfo [1]) :: (FAPD B)
+fapdConstU = (FA.const DBox.noinfo [(-1) RA.\/ 1]) :: (FAPD B)
+fapdConst01 = (FA.const DBox.noinfo [0 RA.\/ 1]) :: (FAPD B)
+fapd04X0 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(0,0 RA.\/ 4)]) 0) :: (FAPD B)
+fapd13X0 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(0,1 RA.\/ 3)]) 0) :: (FAPD B)
+fapd12X1 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(1,1 RA.\/ 2)]) 1) :: (FAPD B)
+fapdUX0 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(0,(-1) RA.\/ 1)]) 0) :: (FAPD B)
+fapdUX1 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(1,(-1) RA.\/ 1)]) 1) :: (FAPD B)
 
-fapeConst1 = (FA.const DBox.noinfo [1]) :: FAPE
-fapeConstU = (FA.const DBox.noinfo [(-1) RA.\/ 1]) :: FAPE
-fapeConst01 = (FA.const DBox.noinfo [0 RA.\/ 1]) :: FAPE
+fapeConst1 = (FA.const DBox.noinfo [1]) :: (FAPE B)
+fapeConstU = (FA.const DBox.noinfo [(-1) RA.\/ 1]) :: (FAPE B)
+fapeConst01 = (FA.const DBox.noinfo [0 RA.\/ 1]) :: (FAPE B)
 
-fape13X0 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(0,1 RA.\/ 3)]) 0) :: FAPE
-fape12X1 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(1,1 RA.\/ 2)]) 1) :: FAPE 
-fapeUX0 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(0,(-1) RA.\/ 1)]) 0) :: FAPE
-fapeUX1 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(1,(-1) RA.\/ 1)]) 1) :: FAPE
+fape13X0 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(0,1 RA.\/ 3)]) 0) :: (FAPE B)
+fape12X1 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(1,1 RA.\/ 2)]) 1) :: (FAPE B) 
+fapeUX0 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(0,(-1) RA.\/ 1)]) 0) :: (FAPE B)
+fapeUX1 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(1,(-1) RA.\/ 1)]) 1) :: (FAPE B)
 
 fapeTestMult = (fapeUX0 + (FA.setMaxDegree 3 fapeConst01)) * (fapeConstU)
 fapeMultiVar = (fapeUX0 + fapeUX1 * fapeUX0 + fapeUX1 * fapeUX1)
 fapeTestPEval = FA.partialEval (DBox.fromList [(1,2 RA.\/ 3)]) fapeMultiVar
 
-fapeUConst1 = (FA.const (DBox.unary $ (0)RA.\/1) [1]) :: FAPE
-fapeUConst13 = (FA.const (DBox.unary $ (0)RA.\/1) [1 RA.\/ 3]) :: FAPE
-fapeUConst13InitPt = FA.partialIntersect 1 (DBox.unary 0) fapeUConst13 fapeUConst1
+fapeUConst1 = (FA.const (DBox.unary $ (0)RA.\/1) [1]) :: (FAPE B)
+fapeUConst13 = (FA.const (DBox.unary $ (0)RA.\/1) [1 RA.\/ 3]) :: (FAPE B)
+fapeUConst13InitPt = FA.partialIntersect 1 (DBox.unary 0)  fapeUConst1 fapeUConst13
  
-fapwUUX0 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(0,(-1) RA.\/ 1)]) 0) :: FAPWP
-fapwUUX1 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(1,(-1) RA.\/ 1)]) 1) :: FAPWP
+fapwUUX0 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(0,(-1) RA.\/ 1)]) 0) :: (FAPWP B)
+fapwUUX1 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(1,(-1) RA.\/ 1)]) 1) :: (FAPWP B)
 
-fapwUX0 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(0,(0) RA.\/ 1)]) 0) :: FAPWP
-fapwUX1 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(1,(0) RA.\/ 1)]) 1) :: FAPWP
+fapwUPX0 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(0,(0) RA.\/ 1)]) 0) :: (FAPWP B)
+fapwUPX1 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(1,(0) RA.\/ 1)]) 1) :: (FAPWP B)
 
-fapwUConst1 = (FA.const (DBox.noinfo) [1]) :: FAPWP
-fapwUConst13 = (FA.const (DBox.unary $ (0)RA.\/1) [1 RA.\/ 3]) :: FAPWP
-fapwUConst13InitPt = FA.partialIntersect 1 (DBox.unary 0) fapwUConst13 fapwUConst1 
+fapwUMX0 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(0,(-1) RA.\/ 0)]) 0) :: (FAPWP B)
+fapwUMX1 = (FA.proj (DBox.fromAscList [(1,(-1) RA.\/ 0)]) 1) :: (FAPWP B)
 
+fapwUConst1 = (FA.const (DBox.noinfo) [1]) :: (FAPWP B)
+fapwUConst13 = (FA.const (DBox.unary $ (0)RA.\/1) [1 RA.\/ 3]) :: (FAPWP B)
+fapwUConst13InitPt = FA.partialIntersect 1 (DBox.unary 0) fapwUConst1 fapwUConst13 
+
 testIntegrE = 
     FA.integrateMeasureImprovement 1 (FA.setMaxDegree 0 fapeUConst13InitPt) 0 (DBox.noinfo) 0 fapeUConst13InitPt
 
@@ -72,9 +75,15 @@
     FA.setMaxDegree 4 
     fapwUUX0
     
+y = 
+--    FA.bisectUnbisectDepth 1 $
+    FA.setMaxDegree 4 
+    fapwUUX1
+    
 xLR = 
     snd $ FA.bisect 0 Nothing $ fst $ FA.bisect 0 Nothing $ x
     
 fn1 = (1 + x) RA.\/ (1 + 3*x)
 fn2 = FA.integrateUnary 0 fn1 0 (0 RA.\/ 1) [1]
 fn3 = FA.integrateUnary 0 fn2 0 (0 RA.\/ 1) [1] -- this seems wrong!
+
diff --git a/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/UnitDom/Approx/Interval.hs b/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/UnitDom/Approx/Interval.hs
--- a/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/UnitDom/Approx/Interval.hs
+++ b/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/UnitDom/Approx/Interval.hs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 {-# LANGUAGE UndecidableInstances   #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances   #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable   #-}
-
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables  #-}
 {-|
     Module      :  Data.Number.ER.RnToRm.UnitDom.Approx.Interval
     Description :  arbitrary precision function enclosures on @[-1,1]^n@
@@ -216,6 +216,8 @@
     (UFB.ERUnitFnBase boxb boxra varid b ra fb) =>
     RA.ERApprox (ERFnInterval fb ra) 
     where
+    initialiseBaseArithmetic _ =
+    	UFB.initialiseBaseArithmetic (0 :: fb)
     getGranularity (ERFnIntervalAny ctxt) = erfnCoeffGranularity ctxt
     getGranularity (ERFnInterval h ln ctxt gl) =
         max (erfnCoeffGranularity ctxt) $ 
diff --git a/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/UnitDom/Base.hs b/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/UnitDom/Base.hs
--- a/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/UnitDom/Base.hs
+++ b/src/Data/Number/ER/RnToRm/UnitDom/Base.hs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 {-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses  #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE FunctionalDependencies #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables  #-}
 {-|
     Module      :  Data.Number.ER.RnToRm.UnitDom.Base
     Description :  class abstracting imprecise function arithmetic on [-1,1]^n
@@ -36,6 +37,9 @@
     ERUnitFnBase boxb boxra varid b ra ufb
     | ufb -> boxb boxra varid b ra
     where
+    initialiseBaseArithmetic :: ufb -> IO ()
+    initialiseBaseArithmetic _ =
+    	B.initialiseBaseArithmetic (0 :: b)  
     {-| 
         Check internal consistency of the function and report problem if any.
     -}
diff --git a/tests/Demo.hs b/tests/Demo.hs
--- a/tests/Demo.hs
+++ b/tests/Demo.hs
@@ -13,14 +13,17 @@
 module Main where
 
 import qualified Data.Number.ER.RnToRm as AERNFunc
-import Data.Number.ER.RnToRm (FAPWP)
 import qualified Data.Number.ER.Real.DomainBox as DBox
 
 import qualified Data.Number.ER.Real as AERN
-import Data.Number.ER.Real (IRA)
 
 import Data.Number.ER.Misc
 
+type B = AERN.BM -- use machine double as a basis
+type RA = AERN.RA B 
+type IRA = AERN.IRA B
+type FAPWP = AERNFunc.FAPWP B 
+
 -- function f(x) = x for x in [0,1]:
 x :: FAPWP
 x =
@@ -80,7 +83,7 @@
 
 main = 
     do
-    AERN.initMachineDouble
+    AERN.initialiseBaseArithmetic (0 :: RA)
     putStrLn "****************************************"
     putStrLn "Testing polynomial enclosure arithmetic:"
     putStrLn "****************************************"
diff --git a/tests/ISin3.hs b/tests/ISin3.hs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ISin3.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+{-# LANGUAGE CPP #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE UndecidableInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TypeOperators #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-}
+module Main
+
+where
+
+import qualified Data.Number.ER.Real as AERN
+import qualified Data.Number.ER.RnToRm as AERNFunc
+import Data.Number.ER.BasicTypes
+import Data.Number.ER.Misc
+import Data.Number.ER.RnToRm.TestingDefs
+
+import Data.Maybe
+import qualified Data.List as List
+import qualified Data.Map as Map
+
+#ifdef USE_MPFR
+type B = AERN.BMPFR -- use MPFR floats
+#else
+type B = AERN.BAP -- use pure Haskell floats
+--type B = AERN.BMAP -- use combination of double and pure Haskell floats
+#endif
+type RA = AERN.RA B
+type IRA = AERN.IRA B
+
+main =
+    do
+    AERN.initialiseBaseArithmetic (0 :: RA)
+    putStrLn $ "integ(sin(sin(sin(x)))dx = " ++ show result
+    putStrLn $ " precision = " ++ show (AERN.getPrecision result)
+    where
+    result = 
+        head $ 
+            AERNFunc.eval (AERNFunc.unary 1) $ 
+                AERNFunc.integrateUnary 0 
+                    (sin3 60 0 21 60) 
+                    0 (0 AERN.\/ 1) [0]
+    sin3 ix depth deg gran = 
+        AERN.sin ix $ 
+            AERN.sin ix $ 
+                AERN.sin ix $ 
+                    AERNFunc.bisectUnbisectDepth depth $ 
+                        AERN.setMinGranularity gran $ 
+                            AERNFunc.setMaxDegree deg fapwUPX0
+